Tesis sobre el tema "Sisters – death"
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Forward, Debbie. "The search for new meaning : adolescent bereavement after the sudden death of a sibling: a grounded theory study /". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62385.pdf.
Texto completoWoodrow, Eleferia. "The experience of the loss of a sibling : A phenomenological study /". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04252007-134513.
Texto completoLegg, Susan C. "The developmental implications of childhood bereavement". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/487.
Texto completoBurner, Colleen. "Sister Golden Calf: Stories, Dissections, & A Novella". PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2081.
Texto completoRoche, Rosa M. "Death of a Brother or Sister: Siblings' Perception of their Health, Treatments and the Associated Health Care Costs". FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1519.
Texto completoMoraes, Marina Frolini [UNESP]. "Avaliação de sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais em hospital terciário do interior paulista, 2014/2015". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143965.
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A vigilância epidemiológica é essencial para o planejamento, implementação e avaliação das práticas de saúde pública. O monitoramento da mortalidade perinatal, dentro do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, depende da qualidade dos dados dos sistemas de informação. Objetivo: Avaliar o sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais de Núcleo Hospitalar de Epidemiologia (NHE) de hospital terciário do interior paulista. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado a partir dos 80 óbitos ocorridos entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 em NHE de hospital terciário do interior paulista. O referencial de avaliação utilizado foi proposto pelo Center for Disease Control americano para uso em saúde pública. Foram abordados os seguintes atributos: utilidade, simplicidade, qualidade dos dados, aceitabilidade, sensibilidade, representatividade, oportunidade, flexibilidade, valor preditivo positivo, estabilidade. Este estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local. Resultados: Utilidade: o sistema é pouco utilizado, os dados não são devolvidos aos profissionais, não são utilizados na proposição de ações para evitar a ocorrência de novos casos nem na gestão em saúde. Qualidade dos dados: 6,2% das variáveis estavam em branco nas investigações; a taxa de concordância entre as investigações originais e as realizadas para o estudo foi de 79,1%, sendo que a categoria com maior discordância/ausência de dados foi assistência ao parto (35,8%). Simplicidade: a grande maioria (91,2%) das investigações foi realizada a partir de apenas uma fonte de dados e o tempo médio gasto na investigação de óbitos infantis foi 63,4 minutos com intervalo interquartil de 29,2 minutos e de óbito fetal, 27,3 minutos com intervalo interquartil de 12,5 minutos. Aceitabilidade: nenhum caso de óbito foi notificado pelos atores envolvidos. Sensibilidade: há problemas a serem superados pelo NHE e Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Representatividade: 96,8% dos óbitos do município ocorreram no Hospital do estudo. Oportunidade: o tempo entre a ocorrência do óbito e o encaminhamento ao município da investigação completa foi de 15,7 dias. Flexibilidade: o sistema foi considerado flexível. Valor preditivo positivo: todas as investigações de 2015 foram realizadas a partir da Declaração de Óbito e eram compatíveis com os casos. Estabilidade: alguns problemas eventuais foram apontados, tecnológicos ou por deficiências de recursos humanos. Conclusões: Para aprimorar o sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais será necessário: implementar ações voltadas aos diferentes profissionais atuantes na área materno infantil do hospital, para que passem a informar os casos ao NHE e para aprimorar a qualidade dos registros de dados nos prontuários; implementar busca ativa de óbitos perinatais em todas as unidades hospitalares que atendem gestantes e recém-nascidos e buscar mecanismos que permitam identificar, além dos óbitos infantis, os óbitos fetais pelo sistema de informática do hospital.
Epidemiological surveillance is essential for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practices. The monitoring of perinatal mortality, within the system of epidemiological surveillance, depends on quality of data in information systems. Object: To evaluate the perinatal deaths surveillance system of the Hospital Nucleus of Epidemiology (HNE) of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Methods: A transversal study was conducted based on 80 deaths between April 2014 and April 2015 at the HNE of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Our evaluation references were proposed by the American Center for Disease Control to be used in public health. The following attributes were addressed: utility, simplicity, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, representativeness, timeliness, flexibility, predictive value positive, and stability. This study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee. Results: Utility: the system is little used, the data are not returned to professionals, they are used neither in action proposals in order to avoid the emergence of new cases, nor in health management. Data quality: 6.2% of variables were blank in investigations; the agreement rate between original investigations and the ones conducted for the study was 79.1%, of which the category with the greatest disagreement/lack of data was birth assistance (35.8%). Simplicity: the vast majority (91.2%) of investigations was conducted on a single source of data, and the average time spent on investigating infant deaths was 63.4 minutes, with interquartile range of 29.2 minutes and 27.3 minutes with interquartile range of 12.5 minutes on fetal deaths. Acceptability: no death was reported by the individuals involved. Sensitivity: there are issues to be overcome by the NHE and the Epidemiological Surveillance Nucleus. Representativeness: 96.8% of deaths in the municipality occurred in the hospital under study. timeliness: the time span between death and referring the complete investigation to the municipality was 15.7 days. Flexibility: the system was considered flexible. Predictive value positive: all investigations in 2015 were conducted based on the date of death and were compatible with the cases. Stability: some possible problems (of a technological nature or due to lack of staff) were highlighted. Conclusions: To have a better surveillance system for perinatal deaths, it will be necessary to: implement actions geared at different professionals working at the maternity and child ward of the hospital so that they begin to report cases to the HNE and improve the quality of records in patients’ files; to implement an active search of perinatal deaths in all hospital units dealing with pregnant women and newborns and to search for mechanisms that make it possible to identify, besides infant deaths, fetal deaths by means of the hospital’s IT system.
Moraes, Marina Frolini. "Avaliação de sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais em hospital terciário do interior paulista, 2014/2015". Botucatu, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143965.
Texto completoResumo: A vigilância epidemiológica é essencial para o planejamento, implementação e avaliação das práticas de saúde pública. O monitoramento da mortalidade perinatal, dentro do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, depende da qualidade dos dados dos sistemas de informação. Objetivo: Avaliar o sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais de Núcleo Hospitalar de Epidemiologia (NHE) de hospital terciário do interior paulista. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado a partir dos 80 óbitos ocorridos entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 em NHE de hospital terciário do interior paulista. O referencial de avaliação utilizado foi proposto pelo Center for Disease Control americano para uso em saúde pública. Foram abordados os seguintes atributos: utilidade, simplicidade, qualidade dos dados, aceitabilidade, sensibilidade, representatividade, oportunidade, flexibilidade, valor preditivo positivo, estabilidade. Este estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local. Resultados: Utilidade: o sistema é pouco utilizado, os dados não são devolvidos aos profissionais, não são utilizados na proposição de ações para evitar a ocorrência de novos casos nem na gestão em saúde. Qualidade dos dados: 6,2% das variáveis estavam em branco nas investigações; a taxa de concordância entre as investigações originais e as realizadas para o estudo foi de 79,1%, sendo que a categoria com maior discordância/ausência de dados foi assistência ao parto (35,8%). Simplicidade: a grande maioria (91,2%) das ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Epidemiological surveillance is essential for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practices. The monitoring of perinatal mortality, within the system of epidemiological surveillance, depends on quality of data in information systems. Object: To evaluate the perinatal deaths surveillance system of the Hospital Nucleus of Epidemiology (HNE) of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Methods: A transversal study was conducted based on 80 deaths between April 2014 and April 2015 at the HNE of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Our evaluation references were proposed by the American Center for Disease Control to be used in public health. The following attributes were addressed: utility, simplicity, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, representativeness, timeliness, flexibility, predictive value positive, and stability. This study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee. Results: Utility: the system is little used, the data are not returned to professionals, they are used neither in action proposals in order to avoid the emergence of new cases, nor in health management. Data quality: 6.2% of variables were blank in investigations; the agreement rate between original investigations and the ones conducted for the study was 79.1%, of which the category with the greatest disagreement/lack of data was birth assistance (35.8%). Simplicity: the vast majority (91.2%) of investigations was cond... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Marqués, Fernández Fernando. "Activation of survival pathways triggered by death receptors in the nervous system". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/116312.
Texto completoActivation of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNFR1) by its ligand TNFα induces cell death through recruitment of a Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) containing caspase-8 and the adaptor proteins FADD, TRADD, TRAF2 and RIP. This complex causes the cleavage and activation of caspase-8 that leads to apoptosis. However, TNFR1 can also trigger activation of signaling pathways related to cell survival and differentiation, such as the transcription factor NF-kB or MAPK/ERK. In fact, in most cell types it has been shown that survival signaling by TNFα needs to be abrogated in order to induce apoptotic cell death. This has been classically achieved by co-treatment with protein synthesis inhibitors such as Actinomycin D or Cycloheximide, or by direct inhibition of the NF-kB pathway through chemical inhibitors or overexpression of a non-degradable form of IkBα. A previous report in our lab revealed that Actinomycin D sensitizes PC12 cells and cortical neurons to TNFα- induced apoptosis through down-regulation of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL. However, the results showed that this effect was independent of NF-kB or other antiapoptotic proteins such as FLIP-L or IAPs. This thesis analyses the activation of survival pathways by TNFα. In particular, I have established a link between the activation of NF-kB and the MAPK/ERK pathway. I have used PC12 cells, a wellknown model of neuronal cells. Inhibition of the NF-kB pathway in these cells induced a downregulation of the antiapoptotic FLIP-L. My results indicate that TNFα-induced activation of the MAPK/ERK pathway depends on FLIP-L. Furthermore, this signaling cascade does not involve the classical activation of the upstream effector Ras. However, the MAPKKK Raf-1 is necessary to induce ERK1/2 phosphorylation, thus suggesting that FLIP-L subtitutes Ras in this function. The results of this thesis also demonstrate that the MAPK/ERK pathway affords protection from TNFα-induced apoptosis, since abrogation of this signaling cascade renders PC12 sensitive to cell death induced by TNFα in a manner similar to sensitization achieved by NF-kB inhibition. Characterization of the apoptotic pathway shows the implication of JNK, which is necessary to induce cell death when NF-kB is blocked and when MAPK/ERK is inhibited. Moreover, JNK induces the upregulation of Bim, a BH3-only protein classically linked tot the induction of apoptosis. Altogether, this thesis establishes the relevance of the MAPK/ERK pathway as a negative regulator of TNFα-induced apoptosis. Importantly, the results obtained reveal that NF-kB is crucial for the induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation by TNFα, and that this pathways are linked through the antiapoptotic protein FLIP-L.
Braganholi, Danilo Faustino [UNESP]. "Uso da farmacogenética cardiovascular na análise e prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e classificação em haplogrupos pelo cromossomo Y e DNA mitocondrial". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88001.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo, afetando cerca de 335 mil pessoas por ano nos EUA e aproximadamente 712 pessoas por dia no Brasil, predominantemente na faixa etária mais produtiva. Principalmente em jovens, as causas são desordens cardíacas com anormalidades estruturais e arritmogênicas de origens genéticas; além disso, alguns medicamentos podem influenciar na susceptibilidade a MSC ou a doenças cardiovasculares. Como a morte pode ocorrer num período máximo de uma hora após o início dos sintomas e não ser decorrente de trauma ou violência, o diagnóstico da causa de morte pode ser dificultado. A análise genética nestes casos é muito útil para ajudar a identificá-la e informar aos parentes próximos sobre um possível fator genético de risco pré-existente. Este trabalho propôs padronizar as reações de PCR e SNaPshot em multiplex para analisar 11 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) relacionados à MSC (NEWTON-CHEH et al. 2009) em grupos de familiares brasileiros com histórico de insuficiência cardíaca para uma futura utilização na Genética Forense e Médica, entretanto, o multiplex contendo 8 SNPs mostrou ser mais eficiente . Para tanto, amostras foram coletadas de indivíduos com histórico familiar de: coronariopatia, cardiomiopatia hipertrófica ou familiar próximo que sofreu ataque cardíaco e, indivíduos sem este histórico utilizados como controles. As análises não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre o grupo de indivíduos com histórico e controle, mas, os dados são compatíveis com as freqüências conhecidas dos SNPs. Também identificou-se um provável fator hereditário para o SNP rs4725982 em uma das famílias
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health problems worldwide, affeting about 335,000 people per year in the U.S. and approximately 712 people per day in Brazil, predominantly in the most productive age group. Especially in young people, the causes are structural abnormalities of cardiac disorders and genetic origins of arrhythmogenic, in addition, some medications may influence susceptibility to SCD or cardiovascular disease. As death can occur whitin a maximum of one hour after onset of symptoms and not be due to trauma or violence, the diagnosis of the cause of the death can be difficult. Genetic analysis in these cases is very useful to help identify them and inform close relatives about a possible genetic risk factor pre-existing. This work proposed to standardize the PCR and SNaPshot multiplex to analyze 11 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) related to the SCD (NEWTON-CHEH et al. 2009) in Brazilian familial groups with a history of heart failure for future use in Forensic Genetics and Medical. For this, samples were collected from individuals with a family history of heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyophathy or close relative who suffered a heart attack, and individuals without this history used as controls. The analysis showed no siginificant differences between the group of the individuals with a history and control, but the data are compatible with the frequencies of known SNPs. It also identified a probable hereditary factor for the SNP rs4725982 in one of the studied families
Braganholi, Danilo Faustino. "Uso da farmacogenética cardiovascular na análise e prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e classificação em haplogrupos pelo cromossomo Y e DNA mitocondrial /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88001.
Texto completoBanca: Rogério Nogueira de Oliveira
Banca: Greiciane Gaburro Panetto
Resumo: Morte súbita cardíaca (MSC) é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo, afetando cerca de 335 mil pessoas por ano nos EUA e aproximadamente 712 pessoas por dia no Brasil, predominantemente na faixa etária mais produtiva. Principalmente em jovens, as causas são desordens cardíacas com anormalidades estruturais e arritmogênicas de origens genéticas; além disso, alguns medicamentos podem influenciar na susceptibilidade a MSC ou a doenças cardiovasculares. Como a morte pode ocorrer num período máximo de uma hora após o início dos sintomas e não ser decorrente de trauma ou violência, o diagnóstico da causa de morte pode ser dificultado. A análise genética nestes casos é muito útil para ajudar a identificá-la e informar aos parentes próximos sobre um possível fator genético de risco pré-existente. Este trabalho propôs padronizar as reações de PCR e SNaPshot em multiplex para analisar 11 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) relacionados à MSC (NEWTON-CHEH et al. 2009) em grupos de familiares brasileiros com histórico de insuficiência cardíaca para uma futura utilização na Genética Forense e Médica, entretanto, o multiplex contendo 8 SNPs mostrou ser mais eficiente . Para tanto, amostras foram coletadas de indivíduos com histórico familiar de: coronariopatia, cardiomiopatia hipertrófica ou familiar próximo que sofreu ataque cardíaco e, indivíduos sem este histórico utilizados como controles. As análises não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre o grupo de indivíduos com histórico e controle, mas, os dados são compatíveis com as freqüências conhecidas dos SNPs. Também identificou-se um provável fator hereditário para o SNP rs4725982 em uma das famílias
Abstract: Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a major public health problems worldwide, affeting about 335,000 people per year in the U.S. and approximately 712 people per day in Brazil, predominantly in the most productive age group. Especially in young people, the causes are structural abnormalities of cardiac disorders and genetic origins of arrhythmogenic, in addition, some medications may influence susceptibility to SCD or cardiovascular disease. As death can occur whitin a maximum of one hour after onset of symptoms and not be due to trauma or violence, the diagnosis of the cause of the death can be difficult. Genetic analysis in these cases is very useful to help identify them and inform close relatives about a possible genetic risk factor pre-existing. This work proposed to standardize the PCR and SNaPshot multiplex to analyze 11 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) related to the SCD (NEWTON-CHEH et al. 2009) in Brazilian familial groups with a history of heart failure for future use in Forensic Genetics and Medical. For this, samples were collected from individuals with a family history of heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyophathy or close relative who suffered a heart attack, and individuals without this history used as controls. The analysis showed no siginificant differences between the group of the individuals with a history and control, but the data are compatible with the frequencies of known SNPs. It also identified a probable hereditary factor for the SNP rs4725982 in one of the studied families
Mestre
Semenoff, Ronald Wayne. "In her embrace, a Franciscan looks at Christian and Jewish counsellors and how they deal with their own embracing of sister death". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65182.pdf.
Texto completoCárdenas, Delgado Sonia Elizabeth. "VR systems for memory assessment and depth perception". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/94629.
Texto completoThe evolution of Virtual Reality (VR) technology has contributed in all fields, including psychology. This evolution involves improvements in hardware and software allowing more immersive experiences. In a VR environment users can perceive the sensation of "presence" and feel "immersed". These sensations are possible using VR devices as HMDs. Nowadays, the development of the HMDs has focused on improving their technical features to offer full immersion. In psychology, VR environments are research tools because they allow the use of new paradigms that are not possible to employ in a real environment. There are some applications for assessing spatial memory that use basic methods of HCI. However, VR systems that incorporate stereoscopy and physical movement have not yet been exploited in psychology. In this thesis, a novel VR system combining immersive, interactive and motion features was developed. This system was used for the assessment of the spatial memory and the evaluation of depth perception. For this system, a virtual maze task was designed and implemented. In this system, two different types of interaction were integrated: a locomotion-based interaction pedaling a fixed bicycle (condition1), and a stationary interaction using a gamepad (condition2). This system integrated two types of display systems: 1) The Oculus Rift; 2) A large stereo screen. Two studies were designed to determine the efficacy of the VR system using physical movement and immersion. The first study (N=89) assessed the spatial short term memory using the Oculus Rift and the two types of interaction The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between both conditions. The participants who performed the condition2 got better performance than participants who performed the condition1. However, there were no statistically significant differences in satisfaction and interaction scores between both conditions. The performance on the task correlated with the performance on other classical neuropsychological tests, revealing a verisimilitude between them. The second study (N=59) involved participants who had and who had not stereopsis. This study assessed the depth perception by comparing the two display systems. The participants performed the task using the condition2. The results showed that the different features of the display system did not influence the performance on the task between the participants with and without stereopsis. Statistically significant differences were found in favor of the HMD between the two conditions and between the two groups of participants regard to depth perception. The participants who did not have stereopsis and could not perceive the depth when they used other display systems (e.g. CAVE); however, they had the illusion of depth perception when they used the Oculus Rift. The study suggests that for the people who did not have stereopsis, the head tracking largely influences the 3D experience. The statistical results of both studies have proven that the VR system developed for this research is an appropriate tool to assess the spatial short-term memory and the depth perception. Therefore, the VR systems that combine full immersion, interaction and movement can be a helpful tool for the assessment of human cognitive processes as the memory. General conclusions from these studies are: 1) The VR technology and immersion provided by current HMDs are appropriate tools for psychological applications, in particular, the assessment of spatial short-term memory; 2) A VR system like the one presented in this thesis could be used as a tool to assess or train adults in skills related to spatial short-term memory; 3) The two types of interaction (condition1 and condition2) used for navigation within the virtual maze could be helpful to use with different collectives; 4) The Oculus Rift allows that the users without stereopsis can perceive the depth perception of 3D objects and have rich 3D experiences.
L'evolució de la tecnologia de Realitat Virtual (RV) ha contribuït en tots els camps, incloent la psicologia. Aquesta evolució implica millores en el maquinari i el programari que permeten experiències més immersives. En un entorn de RV, els usuaris poden percebre la sensació de "presència" i sentir-se "immersos". Aquestes sensacions són possibles utilitzant HMDs. Avui dia, el desenvolupament dels HMDs s'ha centrat a millorar les seves característiques tècniques per oferir immersió plena. En la psicologia, els entorns de RV són eines de recerca. Hi ha algunes aplicacions per avaluar la memòria espacial que utilitzen mètodes bàsics d'interacció. Tanmateix, sistemes de RV que incorporen estereoscòpia i moviment físic no s'han explotat en psicologia. En aquesta tesi, s'ha desenvolupat un sistema de RV novell que combina immersió, interacció i moviment. El sistema (tasca en un laberint virtual) s'ha utilitzat per a l'avaluació de la memòria espacial i la percepció de profunditat. S'han integrat dos tipus d'interacció: una interacció basada en locomoció pedalejant una bicicleta fixa (condició1), i l'altra una interacció estacionària usant un gamepad (condició2). S'han integrat dos tipus de sistemes de pantalla: 1) L'Oculus Rift; 2) Una gran pantalla estereoscòpica. Dos estudis van ser dissenyats. El primer estudi (N=89) va avaluar la memòria a curt termini i espacial utilitzant l'Oculus Rift i els dos tipus d'interacció. Els resultats indiquen que hi havia diferències significatives entre les dues condicions. Els participants que van utilitzar la condició2 van obtenir millor rendiment que els participants que van utilitzar la condició1. Tanmateix, no hi havia diferències significatives dins satisfacció i puntuacions d'interacció entre les dues condicions. El rendiment de la tasca va correlacionar amb el rendiment en les proves neuropsicològiques clàssiques, revelant versemblança entre elles. El segon estudi (N=59) va implicar participants que van tenir i que van haver-hi no estereopsis. Aquest estudi va avaluar la percepció de profunditat comparant els dos sistemes de pantalla. Els participants realitzen la tasca utilitzant la condició2. Els resultats van mostrar que les diferents característiques del sistema de pantalla no va influir en el rendiment en la tasca entre els participants qui tenien i els qui no tenien estereopsis. Diferències significatives van ser trobades a favor del HMD entre les dues condicions i entre els dos grups de participants. Els participants que no van tenir estereopsis i no podien percebre la profunditat quan van utilitzar altres sistemes de pantalla (per exemple, CAVE), van tenir la il.lusió de percepció de profunditat quan van utilitzar l'Oculus Rift. L'estudi suggereix que per les persones que no van tenir estereopsis, el seguiment del cap influeix en gran mesura en l'experiència 3D. Els resultats estadístics dels dos estudis han provat que el sistema de RV desenvolupat per aquesta recerca és una eina apropiada per avaluar la memòria espacial a curt termini i la percepció de profunditat. Per això, els sistemes de RV que combinen immersió plena, interacció i moviment poden ser una eina útil per la avaluació de processos cognitius humans com la memòria Les conclusions generals que s'han extret d'aquests estudis, són les següents: 1) La tecnologia de RV i la immersió proporcionada pels HMDs són eines apropiades per aplicacions psicològiques, en particular, la avaluació de memòria espacial a curt termini; 2) Un sistema de RV com el presentat podria ser utilitzat com a eina per avaluar o entrenar adults en habilitats relacionades amb la memòria espacial a curt termini; 3) Els dos tipus d'interacció utilitzats per navegació dins del laberint virtual podrien ser útils per al seu ús amb diferent col.lectius; 3) L'Oculus Rift permet que els usuaris que no tenen estereopsis puguen percebre la percepció de profunditat dels objectes 3D i tenir
Cárdenas Delgado, SE. (2017). VR systems for memory assessment and depth perception [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/94629
TESIS
Castro, Patrícia Alves de. "Identificação dos mecanismos de letalidade da própolis em Saccharomyces cerevisiae e Candida albicans". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17131/tde-27012017-144118/.
Texto completoPropolis is a complex mixture of several resinous substances which are collected thorn plants by bees. Propolis has attracted the attention of researchers because of its variety of biological and therapeutic properties. Studies have shown the connection between Propolis and apoptosis-like cell death in fungi and other important biological processes such as development, aging, stress response and pathogenesis. In this context, this project evaluated the antifungal activity of Propolis, With the aim of expanding the knowledge about the metabolic pathways of cell death in fungi such as S. cerevisiae and C. albicans, and also in relation to the use of propolis as an effective antifungal therapy. For this, initially we utilised S. cerevisiae as a model organism to study the genetics, cell biology and genomics that determine how propolis affects fungi at the cellular level. Propolis is able to induce an apoptosis cell death response. However, increased exposure to propolis provides a corresponding increase in the necrosis response. We showed that cytochrome c, but not endonuclease G (Nuc1p), is involved in propolis-mediated cell death in S. cerevisiae. We also observed that the metacaspase YCA1 gene is important for propolis-mediated cell death. To elucidate the gene functions that may be required Or propolis sensitivity in eukaryotes, the full collection of approximately 4,800 haploid S. cerevisiae deletion strains was screened for propolis sensitivity. We were able to identify 138 deletion strains that have different degrees of propolis sensitivity compared to the corresponding wild-type strains. Systems biology revealed enrichment for genes involved in the mitochondrial electron transport chain, vacuolar acidification, negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, regulation of macroautophagy associated with protein targeting to vacuoles, and cellular responses to starvation. Validation studies indicated that propolis sensitivity is dependent on mitochondrial function and. that vacuolar acidification and autophagy are important for S. cerevisiae cell death caused by propolis. For the pathogenic fungus C. albicans it was observed that propolis induces cell death like necrosis. It was also observed that the IPF4847 gene (homologous to the YCA1 metacaspase gene of S. cerevisiae) was also important for cell death mediated by propolis in C. albicans. Furthermore, aiming to clarify some of the functions of genes that could be involved in C. albicans sensitivity to propolis, 800 C. albicans deletion mutants were screened, and 51 showed greater sensitivity to propolis compared with the corresponding wild-type strains. Several genes found in our screening were involved in the dimorphic transition of C. albicans. Thus, an assay was performed in order to verify the role of propolis in the inhibition of the dimorphic switch. It was observed that propolis can inhibit the dimorphic transition and the growth of all its morphotypes (budding hyphal and pseudohyphal) in C. albicans. So, the use of propolis for clinical treatment of Candidiasis may have a wide application, principally by affecting an important mechanism for the pathogenicity of fungi
Basso, Filippo. "A non-parametric Calibration Algorithm for Depth Sensors Exploiting RGB Cameras". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424206.
Texto completoI sensori di profondità sono dispositivi comuni sui robot moderni. Essi forniscono al robot informazioni sulla distanza e sulla forma degli oggetti nel loro campo di visione, permettendogli di agire di conseguenza. In particolare, l’arrivo negli ultimi anni di sensori RGB-D di consumo come Microsoft Kinect, ha favorito lo sviluppo di algoritmi per la robotica basati su dati di profondità. Di fatto, questi sensori sono in grado di generare una grande quantità di dati ad un prezzo relativamente basso. In questa tesi vengono affrontati tre diversi problemi riguardanti la calibrazione di sensori di profondità. Il primo contributo originale allo stato dell’arte è un algoritmo per stimare l’asse di rotazione di un laser range finder (LRF) 2D montato su un supporto rotante. La differenza chiave con gli altri approcci è l’utilizzo di vincoli punto-piano derivanti dalla cinematica per stimare la posizione del LRF rispetto ad una videocamera fissa, e l’uso di una screw decomposition per stimare l’asse di rotazione. La corretta ricostruzione di una stanza dopo la calibrazione valida l’algoritmo proposto. Il secondo e più importante contributo originale di questa tesi è un algoritmo completamente automatico per la calibrazione di sensori di profondità a luce strut- turata (ad esempio Kinect). La chiave di questo lavoro è la separazione dell’errore di profondità in due componenti, entrambe corrette pixel a pixel. Questa separa- zione, validata da osservazioni sperimentali, permette di ridurre sensibilmente il numero di parametri nell’ottimizzazione finale e, di conseguenza, il tempo neces- sario affinché la soluzione converga al minimo globale. Il confronto tra le immagini di profondità di un test set, corrette con i parametri di calibrazione ottenuti, e quelle attese, dimostra che la differenza tra le due è solamente di una quantità ca- suale. Un’analisi qualitativa della fusione tra dati di profondità e RGB conferma ulteriormente l’efficacia dell’approccio. Inoltre, un pacchetto ROS per calibrare e correggere i dati generati da Kinect è disponibile open source. Il terzo contributo riportato nella tesi è un nuovo algoritmo distribuito per la calibrazione di reti composte da videocamere e sensori di profondità già calibrati. Un pacchetto ROS che implementa l’algoritmo proposto è stato rilasciato come parte di un grande progetto open source per il tracking di persone: OpenPTrack. Il pacchetto sviluppato è in grado di calibrare reti composte da una decina di sensori in tempo reale (non è necessario processare i dati in un secondo tempo), sfruttando vincoli piano-piano e un’ottimizzazione non lineare.
Lisboa, Eugênio Pedroso. "VITAIS : uma nova ferramenta para análise dos sistemas de informação sobre mortalidade e sobre nascidos vivos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/78490.
Texto completoThe Brazilian Health System (SUS) produces excellent data bases such as those for live births (SINASC) and mortality (SIM). The objective of this report is to present VITAIS, a tool based on Access® and Excel® applications that permits presentation of data from these systems in manners facilitating analysis of the health situation of the population of states, municipalities and micro-areas by health managers, health professionals, the academic community and the general population. This tool generates automatic reports and charts, and permits linkage between the SIM and SINASC databases. As such, it presents significant advantages over the TABWIN tabulator.
Milanesi, Paola Mendes. "Caracterização, toxicidade e patogenicidade de fusarium spp. em genótipos de soja em sistema plantio direto". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/5000.
Texto completoThe sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by species of Fusarium, is a disease difficult to control and there are no management techniques and resistant cultivars that give long-term positive results. This study aimed to assess populations of Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp. associated to eight soybean genotypes, cultivated under no tillage; to determine if the control of Fusarium varies among isolates of Trichoderma; to identify isolates of Fusarium spp. obtained from different genotypes, and to determine their toxicity and pathogenicity to two genotypes of soybean. Soil and roots were collected from experimental plots located at the Fundação Centro de Experimentação e Pesquisa (FUNDACEP), obtaining isolates of Fusarium spp. and Trichoderma spp. There were no differences in the population of Fusarium spp. in plants with symptoms of SDS among the different genotypes. For Trichoderma spp. there was a significant difference among genotypes from plants with and without symptoms of SDS and the genotype CEPS 06006 RR had the biggest population of the antagonist. In the direct confrontation test, eight isolates of Trichoderma spp. obtained the highest score (1) in relation to the control of Fusarium spp. and isolates of Trichoderma spp. from soil of areas with the SDS symptom were more aggressive. Nine species of Fusarium: F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. Acuminatum, F. kyushuense, F. graminum, F. subglutinans, F. verticillioides and F. lateritium were identified. All isolates promoted internerval chlorosis, necrosis and death of seedlings in the toxicity test. In the pathogenicity test in plants inoculated with the pathogen there was an increase in leaves and roots dry weight and in the number of pods, indicating that there may be species specificity of the species studied in relation to genotype.
A Podridão Vermelha da Raiz da soja (PVR), causada por espécies de Fusarium, é uma doença de difícil controle, não existindo técnicas de manejo e cultivares resistentes que tenham resultados positivos a longo prazo. Assim, este trabalho objetivou quantificar populações de Fusarium spp. e Trichoderma spp. associadas à oito genótipos de soja, cultivados em sistema plantio direto, observar se o biocontrole de Fusarium spp. difere entre isolados de Trichoderma spp., identificar isolados de Fusarium spp. obtidos de diferentes genótipos e verificar sua toxicidade e patogenicidade a dois genótipos de soja. Amostras de solo e raízes foram coletadas em parcelas experimentais na Fundação Centro de Experimentação e Pesquisa (FUNDACEP), obtendo-se isolados de Fusarium spp. e Trichoderma spp. Não houve diferença na população de Fusarium spp. em plantas com sintomas de PVR entre os diferentes genótipos. Para Trichoderma spp., houve diferença entre as populações nos genótipos de plantas com e sem sintomas de PVR, tendo o genótipo CEPS 06006 RR apresentado maior população do antagonista. No teste de confronto direto, oito isolados de Trichoderma spp. obtiveram a melhor nota (um), em relação a Fusarium spp. e isolados de Trichoderma spp. oriundos de solo em áreas com o sintoma de PVR foram mais eficientes. Foram identificadas nove espécies de Fusarium: F. avenaceum, F. solani, F. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. kyushuense, F. graminum, F. subglutinans, F. verticillioides e F. lateritium. Todos os isolados de Fusarium spp. provocaram clorose internerval, necrose e morte de plântulas no teste de toxicidade. No teste de patogenicidade, em plantas inoculadas com o patógeno houve aumento na massa seca de parte aérea e de raízes, no número de vagens, indicando que pode haver especificidade das espécies estudadas em relação ao genótipo.
Carraro, Marco. "Real-time RGB-Depth preception of humans for robots and camera networks". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426800.
Texto completoQuesta tesi tratta di percezione per robot autonomi e per reti di telecamere da dati RGB-Depth. L'obiettivo è quello di fornire algoritmi robusti ed efficienti per l'interazione con le persone. Per questa ragione, una particolare attenzione è stata dedicata allo sviluppo di soluzioni efficienti che possano essere eseguite in tempo reale su computer e schede grafiche consumer. Il contributo principale di questo lavoro riguarda la stima automatica della posa 3D del corpo delle persone presenti in una scena. Vengono proposti due algoritmi che sfruttano lo stream di dati RGB-Depth da una rete di telecamere andando a migliorare lo stato dell'arte sia considerando dati da singola telecamera che usando tutte le telecamere disponibili. Il secondo algoritmo ottiene risultati migliori in quanto riesce a stimare la posa di tutte le persone nella scena con overhead trascurabile e non richiede sincronizzazione tra i vari nodi della rete. Tuttavia, il primo metodo utilizza solamente nuvole di punti che sono disponibili anche in ambiente con poca luce nei quali il secondo algoritmo non raggiungerebbe gli stessi risultati. Il secondo contributo riguarda la re-identificazione di persone a lungo termine in reti di telecamere. Questo problema è particolarmente difficile in quanto non si può contare su feature di colore o che considerino i vestiti di ogni persona, in quanto si vuole che il riconoscimento funzioni anche a distanza di giorni. Viene proposto un framework che sfrutta il riconoscimento facciale utilizzando una Convolutional Neural Network e un sistema di classificazione Bayesiano. In questo modo, ogni qual volta viene generata una nuova traccia dal sistema di people tracking, la faccia della persona viene analizzata e, in caso di match, il vecchio ID viene riassegnato. Il terzo contributo riguarda l'Ambient Assisted Living. Abbiamo proposto e implementato un robot di assistenza che ha il compito di sorvegliare periodicamente un ambiente conosciuto, riportando eventi non usuali come la presenza di persone a terra. A questo fine, abbiamo sviluppato un approccio veloce e robusto che funziona anche in assenza di luce ed è stato validato usando un nuovo dataset RGB-Depth registrato a bordo robot. Con l'obiettivo di avanzare la ricerca in questi campi e per fornire il maggior beneficio possibile alle community di robotica e computer vision, come contributo aggiuntivo di questo lavoro, abbiamo rilasciato, con licenze open-source, la maggior parte delle implementazioni software degli algoritmi descritti in questo lavoro.
Minto, Ludovico. "Deep learning for scene understanding with color and depth data". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422424.
Texto completoNegli ultimi anni sono stati raggiunti notevoli progressi sia per quanto concerne l'acquisizione di dati sia per quanto riguarda la strumentazione e gli algoritmi necessari per processarli. Da un lato, l'introduzione di sensori di profondità nel mercato del grande consumo ha reso possibile l'acquisizione di dati tridimensionali ad un costo irrisorio, permettendo così di superare le limitazioni cui sono tipicamente soggette svariate applicazioni basate solamente sull'elaborazione del colore. Al tempo stesso, processori grafici sempre più performanti hanno consentito l'estensione della ricerca ad algoritmi computazionalmente onerosi e la loro applicazione a grandi moli di dati. Dall'altro lato, lo sviluppo di algoritmi sempre più efficaci per l'apprendimento automatico, ivi incluse tecniche di apprendimento profondo, ha permesso di sfruttare l'enorme quantità di dati oggi a disposizione. Alla luce di queste premesse, vengono presentati in questa tesi tre tipici problemi nell'ambito della visione computazionale proponendo altrettanti approcci per una loro soluzione in grado di sfruttare sia l'utilizzo di reti neurali convoluzionali sia l'informazione congiunta convogliata da dati di colore e profondità. In particolare, viene presentato un approccio per la segmentazione semantica di immagini colore/profondità che utilizza sia l'informazione estratta con l'aiuto di una rete neurale convoluzionale sia l'informazione geometrica ricavata attraverso algoritmi più tradizionali. Viene descritto un metodo per la classificazione di forme tridimensionali basato anch'esso sull'utilizzo di una rete neurale convoluzionale operante su particolari rappresentazioni dei dati 3D a disposizione. Infine, viene proposto l'utilizzo dei una rete convoluzionale per stimare la confidenza associata a dati di profondità rispettivamente raccolti con un sensore ToF ed un sistema stereo al fine di guidare con successo la loro fusione senza impiegare, per lo stesso scopo, complicati modelli di rumore.
Silva, Jailson Vilberto de Sousa. "Estudo da mortalidade associado ao transtorno de abuso e dependência ao álcool". Universidade Católica de Santos, 2017. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/3702.
Texto completoMade available in DSpace on 2017-06-09T18:12:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jailson V. de Souza Silva.pdf: 1499525 bytes, checksum: 7d571f1d5582c7ace27ec8ddab863087 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21
Introduction: Alcohol abuse is considered a public health problem in the world and in Brazil. It accounts for 5.9% of the world's deaths according to the World Health Organization (OMS). In addition to health damage, studies in Brazil found the risk of death in men around 10 times higher than in women, with a high prevalence in the Northeast. In the years 2003 to 2007, a high prevalence was observed related to alcohol abuse in men, with higher frequency in the 4th and 5th decades of deaths recorded by the Death Verification Service (SVO / PB). Objective: To verify the association of mortality due to mortis related to the disorder of alcohol abuse and dependence in deaths admitted to the SVO / PB in the year 2015. Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative study. The sample consisted of deaths in the year 2015 that, by criterion, were entered in the SVO / PB, in males, aged between 20 and 50 years. The data were collected from the death certificates and the admission forms. Statistical analyzes were performed in the SPSS® and R® programs to evaluate the association between the variables and Pearson's Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, logistic regression with p <0.05 and as association measure was calculated The prevalence ratio with Confidence Interval (CI). Results: There were 972 deaths in men in the year 2015 in Paraíba. In the age group of 20 to 50 years, 192 deaths were verified and of these 28%, which corresponds to 54 cases, had a death related to alcohol abuse. In the sociodemographic analysis, the highest prevalence was found in the group of deaths due to alcohol abuse for the age group of 40 to 50 years old in a percentage of 66.7%, the brown ethnicity found was 98.1% of the cases, the low level of schooling Accounted for 70.4% of cases, single marital status appeared in 83.3% of cases. Regarding the medical history reported by the family, the most frequent clinical signs were from chronic diseases, with 52.2% of the occurrences being the most frequent: limb edema with 26% and malnutrition 26%; Mental disorders accounted for 42.77% of the signs reported, being the most frequent were: smoking with 34% and alcoholic epilepsy with 22%. The majority of deaths in the alcoholic group occurred in hospitals and health facilities with 44.4% of occurrence. The proportion of deaths in alcoholics with associated digestive tract causes was 55.6%, with 30 cases and the prevalence rate of this association was 9.53 with Confidence Interval - IC 4.58 - 20.60. The highest frequency of deaths was in João Pessoa, where the SVO / PB is located, it was observed that there was statistical significance for the difference between the groups that received assistance by city and in the association between the group that died in hospitals and services Health by city, the highest proportion in the city of João Pessoa in both cases, 44.8% and 33.3%, respectively. Conclusion: To investigate the epidemiological aspects of the deaths through clinical necropsy, it reinforces the importance of information systems for the planning, evaluation and execution of health actions, assisting in the policy of harm reduction through alcohol abuse.
Introdução: O uso abusivo do álcool é considerado um problema de saúde pública no mundo e no Brasil. É responsável por a 5,9% das mortes do mundo segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS). Além dos danos à saúde, estudos no Brasil verificaram o risco de óbito em homens em torno de 10 vezes maiores que em mulheres, com alta prevalência no Nordeste. Nos anos de 2003 a 2007 foi observada alta prevalência relacionada ao uso abusivo de álcool em homens, com maior frequência nas 4ª e 5ª décadas dos óbitos registrados pelo Serviço de Verificação de Óbitos (SVO/PB). Objetivo: Verificar a associação da mortalidade por causa mortis relacionadas ao transtorno de abuso e dependência de álcool em óbitos admitidos no SVO/PB no ano de 2015. Métodos: Estudo transversal, quantitativo. A amostra foi composta pelos óbitos ocorridos no ano de 2015 que por critério, deram entrada no SVO/PB, em indivíduos do sexo masculino, com idade entre 20 e 50 anos. Coletou-se os dados a partir das declarações de óbitos e das fichas de admissão. Foram feitas análises estatísticas nos programas SPSS® e R® para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis e usou ¿ se o Teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson, Exato de Fisher, regressão logística com p < 0,05 e como medida de associação calculou-se a razão de prevalência com Intervalo de Confiança (IC). Resultados: Foi verificado 972 óbitos em homens no ano de 2015 na Paraíba. Na faixa etária de 20 a 50 anos foi verificado 192 óbitos e destes 28% que equivale a 54 casos, tiveram o óbito relacionado ao uso abusivo de álcool. Em análise sociodemográfica encontrou-se a maior prevalência no grupo dos óbitos por uso abusivo de álcool para faixa etária de 40 a 50 anos em uma porcentagem de 66,7%, a etnia parda encontrada foi 98,1% dos casos, a baixa escolaridade contabilizou 70,4% dos casos, o estado civil solteiro apareceu 83,3% dos casos. No tocante ao histórico médico relatado pela família os sinais clínicos mais frequentes foram a partir de doenças crônicas com 52,2% das ocorrências sendo os mais frequentes: edema de membros com 26% e desnutrição 26%; os transtornos mentais representaram 42,77% dos sinais relatados, sendo que deste os mais frequentes foram: tabagismo com 34% e epilepsia alcoólica com 22%. A maioria dos óbitos no grupo etilista ocorreu em hospitais e estabelecimentos de saúde com 44,4% de ocorrência. A proporção de óbitos em etilistas com causas do aparelho digestivo associada foi de 55,6% sendo 30 casos e a razão de prevalência dessa associação foi de 9,53 com Intervalo de Confiança - IC 4,58 ¿ 20,60. A maior frequência de óbitos foi em João Pessoa, local onde se encontra o SVO/PB, observou-se que houve significância estatística para a diferença entre os grupos que receberam assistência por cidade e na associação entre o grupo que faleceu em hospitais e serviços de saúde por cidade, estando a maior proporção na cidade de João Pessoa em ambos casos, 44,8% e 33,3%, respectivamente. Conclusão: O nosso estudo mostra que o alcoolismo é um fator importante na causa mortis de um parcela grande da população masculina o que reforça a necessidade de políticas mais vigorosas de enfrentamento deste transtorno. Políticas que enfoquem desde a estruturação de sistemas de informação, análise e planejamento de ações em saúde, auxiliando na política de redução de danos pelo uso abusivo de álcool.
Martins, Renata Cristófani. "Avaliação da eficácia do software Iris para uso no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-19072017-115153/.
Texto completoIntroduction: Mortality statistics is used all over the world and therefore needs reliable and comparable data. One of the strategies to improve quality is an automated data collection. Iris is a system that codes the causes of death of the death certificate (DC) and selects the underlying cause of death. Objective: To adapt Iris software to Brazil finalising the Portuguese dictionary, to test Iris and to compare it with manual coding and with the selection of the Basic Death Cause Selection System (Portuguese acronym is SCB). Methods: The sample was death certificates occurred from January to June of 2014 in nine cities representing the five regions of Brazil. Were selected to compose the sample: routine deaths, DC with mention of communicable disease, infant death, maternal death and DC with mention of external cause or surgery. Phase 1 aimed to complete the dictionary and phase 2 aimed to test and compare Iris. Results: The sample was1848 DC, with an average of 3.1 lines filled by DC. There were 618 adjustments or additions to dictionary tables or standardization tables. In 45.9 per cent of DC Iris coded all causes of death and selected the underlying cause of death. Of the DC that Iris was unable to complete the process, the majority (97.8 per cent) of these rejections were due to difficulty in finding or processing an ICD code. Iris agreement with manual coding at the 4-character, 3- character, and 1-character levels of ICD-10 codes was 73.3 per cent, 78.2 per cent and 83.9 per cent, respectively. This represented a disagreement in 49.1 per cent of DC. The concordance of the underlying cause of death with SCB was 74.2 per cent, 84.3 per cent and 91.8 per cent at the 4- character, 3-character and 1-character levels respectively. The main cause of discordance (71 per cent) was by different codes for the same cause of death. After the small corrections, Iris finalised 66.6 per cent of the DC. Conclusion: The disagreements were caused by coders routines that can vary between them, whereas in Iris the codification of a cause is always the same. The SCB decision tables need to be reviewed. The data show that it is possible to use this tool and that it will decrease the work of the coders. Iris had a good finalisation rate, similar to countries that use it in their routine.
Sánchez, García Jose Antonio. "Role of connexin 43 in ischemia-reperfusion injury: Effect of genetic connexin 43 manipulation on myocardial cell death and arrhythmias". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117219.
Texto completoMyocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. Reperfusion is the treatment of choice in patients undergoing myocardial infarction in order to prevent cardiomyocyte death and improve patient’s survival and prognosis. However, reperfusion causes an additional injury, through mechanisms triggered by flow restoration, that can be prevented, at least in part and in the experimental setting, by drugs applied at the time of reperfusion. This fact has led to an intense research in order to identify therapeutic strategies able to limit myocardial infarction when applied at the time of reperfusion. One of the candidate targets is Connexin 43 (Cx43), and the channels that it forms (i.e, gap junction (GJ) channels). Cx43 is the main protein forming GJ in the ventricular myocardium, where it plays an essential role in electrical and chemical coupling between cardiomyocytes. However, previous studies have suggested that GJ play also a role in spreading of cell death during reperfusion, and that Cx43 may be involved in endogenous cardioprotective signaling during ischemic preconditioning (IPC). However, most of these studies have been conducted using GJ uncouplers having low specificity and lots of side effects. This made necessary to find new strategies to study the role of Cx43 in cell death during myocardial infarction and cardioprotection, including the use of transgenic mice models. Thus, the aims of this thesis were to assess the effects of Cx43 deficiency in isolated hearts from transgenic models on cardiac energetic metabolism, tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury, susceptibility to ischemic and pharmacological preconditioning, and on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. We used a knock-in mice model, in which Cx43 is replaced by Cx32, a connexin with lower conductivity and permeability, and a conditional knock-out model of Cx43 deficiency (Cx43Cre-ER(T)/fl). In this last model, isolated hearts from Cx43Cre/fl animals express, under normal conditions, half of the Cx43 content seen in their corresponding genetic controls (Cx43fl/fl). However, 14 days after tamoxifen treatment, hearts from these animals have only a residual Cx43 content, lower than 5%. We found that both genetic strategies alter myocardial energetic metabolism, with hearts from these mice having reduced ATP levels as compared with hearts from the corresponding genetic controls. Furthermore, isolated, Langendorff-perfused, hearts from homozygous (HOM) knock-in mice and from Cx43Cre/fl animals treated with tamoxifen, depicted an increased tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury, as denoted by a reduction in infarct size and in LDH release. In Cx43Cre/fl animals treated with tamoxifen, this effect seems to be more dependent on GJ communication than in HOM knock-in mice. Moreover, susceptibility to IPC and especially to diazoxide protection was abolished in both models of Cx43 deficiency. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that these effects were independent of a differential activation of cytosolic signaling cascades, including the RISK and SAFE pathways, which is suggestive that activation of these pathways during IPC is upstream of Cx43 deficiency. Finally, we have demonstrated that both models of Cx43 deficiency, mimicking a reduction in unitary GJ conductance and in the number of GJ channels, respectively, are associated with an increased incidence of both spontaneous and induced ventricular tachyarrhythmias. This finding indicates that the possibility of translation of these therapeutic strategies to the clinical arena requires that they could be applied locally at the area at risk. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates an important, and previously unknown, specific role of Cx43 in myocardial energetic metabolism, tolerance to ischemia-reperfusion injury and in endogenous cardioprotection. GJ and Cx43 can become interesting pharmacological targets to improve the clinical outcome in patients with ischemic heart disease. However, translation should wait until the proarrhythmic effects of these treatments are solved.
Caputo, Rodrigo Feliciano. "A morte e os vivos: um estudo comparativo dos sistemas tanatológicos Linense e Bororo e suas interveniências nas interações sociais nestes dois grupos sociais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47134/tde-01102014-162814/.
Texto completoMany of (if not all) the cultural foundations of a society converge in their particular and systematic way of dealing with death, formulating technical and symbolic prescriptions that establish codes of conduct, institute professional roles etc., in order to integrate death to social reality and ensure the restoration of life in community after the death of one or some of its members. But such prescriptions operate far beyond the mourning period and, in fact, theywidely affect all social interactions that make up the everyday life of people for this reason, the systems of dealing with death show great interest to Social Psychology, although they have been studied incipiently in this field. This study aims to contribute to the necessary conceptual and methodological deepening of the subject, first through the delimitation of the field of systems of dealing with death, the description of their structures and functionalities and the establishment of clear terminology, since these systems have been named in specialized literature, interchangeably, as mortuary, thanatological, Funeral or necrosystems; additionally, through the comparative study of two contemporary human groups that have specific historical cultural features: the residents of the city of Lins-SP (linenses) and the remaining Bororo people that live in eleven villages in the state of Mato Grosso. In this perspective, the paper comprised a revision of the literature searching the targeted theoretical elucidationsas well as empirical research consisted of bibliographical survey and examination of documental sources about the structure and social dynamics of both groups, the history of the occupation and transformation of the territories inhabited by them, their major founding myths and institutions, practices, speeches, techniques and symbols used when dealing with death. This information was complemented with participant observation and semi-structured thematic interviews, eleven interviews have been made (seven linenses and four Bororo) and a nine-day visit to Meruri village. The collected information was interpreted in light of the studied theories, in the perspective of hermeneutic phenomenology. The results help determine that both groups before the intensified socio and cultural changes in the last decades, have been keeping a progressive distance from sick, dying and bereaved individuals. However, and despite the intense process of acculturation of the Bororo, this group still keeps striking differences from the linenses regarding the way they deal with death. Above all, the Bororo maintain the possibility to express their grief collectively and get through their mourning communally, whereas for the linenses there are only private and discrete ways; furthermore the Bororo keep a closer relationship with everything surrounding the death and the dead. In both groups it is confirmed that the technical and symbolic apparatus to copy with death is an important psychosocial organizer, as it guides and assists people when copying with death individually and/or collectively, favoring the elaboration of psychic impacts and reorganization of roles and social ties. It has also been found, in both groups, indicative phenomena of attacks to their respective systems of dealing with death, it seems that they contribute to increase the distance from all the faces and nuances of death
Tsuda, Fernando. "Utilização de técnicas de GPGPU em sistema de vídeo-avatar". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3141/tde-02072012-171814/.
Texto completoThis work presents the results of research and application of GPGPU (General-Purpose computation on Graphics Processing Units) techniques on the video-avatar system with augmented reality called AVMix. With increasing demand for interactive three-dimensional graphics rendered in real-time and closer to reality, GPUs (Graphics Processing Units) evolved to the present state as a high-powered computing hardware enabled to process parallel algorithms over a large data set. This way, it is possible to use this capability to increase the performance of algorithms used in several areas, such as image processing and computer vision. From the research of similar work, it is possible to define the use of CUDA (Computer Unified Device Architecture) from Nvidia, which facilitates the implementation of the programs that run on GPU and at the same time flexibilize its use, exposing to the programmer some details of hardware such as the number of processors allocated and the different types of memory. Following the reimplementation of critical performance routines of AVMix system (depth map, segmentation and interaction), the results show the viability of using the GPU to process parallel algorithms in this application and the importance of evaluating the algorithm to be implemented, considering the complexity of the calculation and the volume of data transferred between the GPU and the computer\'s main memory.
Souza, Cristina D'ornellas Filipakis. "Sistema computacional para a estimativa do escoamento superficial". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3568.
Texto completoRunoff is the process of moving water on the soil surface and is part of the hydrological cycle. This process has some negative consequences for the environment, since this may be associated with water erosion, which also reduces the most fertile soil layer, also carries with lime, fertilizer and pesticides, which, in addition to environmental damage, promotes yet funding for agricultural activities. For such losses are avoided, it is necessary to understand the behavior of runoff, and the first step in this direction is to estimate it. Estimates of maximum flow and blade disposed are essential so that a better planning of works and actions to avoid or mitigate its consequences. The objective was to develop a software that would enable the estimation of maximum flow and blade surface runoff from the methods and Rational Curve Number respectively. It had been developed activity diagrams represent the functionality of the system, containing the various options available to the user. Then the system was implemented using the programming environment Delphi ® 2006 and was tested with dummy data of a watershed. The development of the system enabled the automation of calculations of maximum flow and blade disposed, which involve many variables and equations, ensuring greater speed in getting the value and reliability of them.
O escoamento superficial consiste no processo de movimento da água sobre a superfície do solo e é parte integrante do ciclo hidrológico. Este processo possui algumas consequências negativas para o meio ambiente, pois a este pode estar associado a erosão hídrica, que além de reduzir a camada mais fértil do solo, também leva consigo corretivos, fertilizantes e defensivos agrícolas, que, além dos prejuízos ambientais, promove ainda financeiros para a atividade agrícola. Para que tais prejuízos sejam evitados, faz-se necessário conhecer o comportamento do escoamento superficial, e o primeiro passo neste sentido consiste em estimá-lo. As estimativas da vazão máxima e da lâmina escoada são essenciais para que ocorra um melhor planejamento de obras e ações a fim de evitar ou amenizar suas consequências. O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver um sistema computacional que possibilitasse a estimativa da vazão máxima e da lâmina do escoamento superficial a partir dos métodos Racional e Número da Curva respectivamente. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidos diagramas de atividades que representassem as funcionalidades do sistema, contendo as diversas opções disponibilizadas para o usuário. Então, o sistema foi implementado utilizando o ambiente de programação Delphi® 2006 e foi testado com dados fictícios de bacias hidrográficas. O desenvolvimento do sistema possibilitou a automatização dos cálculos da vazão máxima e da lâmina escoada, que envolvem muitas equações e variáveis, garantindo maior rapidez na obtenção dos valores e confiabilidade dos mesmos.
Montagner, Anelise Fernandes. "RESISTÊNCIA DE UNIÃO DE SISTEMAS ADESIVOS ATUAIS EM DENTINA SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES TRATAMENTOS". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/6069.
Texto completoStudies have shown that the longevity of adhesive restorations is adversely affected by collagen degradation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different treatments on the bond strength of adhesive systems in different dentin surfaces. Forty healthy human third molars were randomly assigned to 24 experimental groups (n = 5) according to adhesive systems (Single Bond - SB, Clearfil SE Bond - SE, Adper SE Plus - AP, G Bond - GB), treatments (control and deproteination) and dentin surfaces (proximal, superficial and deep occlusal). For the deproteinization treatment was applied 10% sodium hypochlorite, for 1 minute, to previously conditioned dentin and the adhesive systems were applied according to manufactures directions. In each specimen were made cylindrical cavities in the proximal and occlusal surfaces and, after immersion in destilated water for 24 hours, one slice and 2 slices of occlusal and proximal surfaces were, respectively, obtained. The slices were submitted to push-out test and after it a fracture analysis was performed. The values in MPa were submitted to ANOVA 3-factors and Tukey (p <0.05), indicating a statistically significant difference between the adhesive systems (p = 0.000) and dentin surfaces (p = 0.005), However, the type of treatment (p = 0.058) did not significantly affect the values of bond strength. The bond strength values were higher for proximal surface, followed by superficial oclusal and later by deep occlusal, being influenced by the adhesive system. The collagen removal from the conditioned surface can be considered a way to decrease the sensitivity technique without compromising the adhesive effectiveness.
Estudos têm demonstrado que a longevidade de restaurações adesivas é negativamente afetada pela degradação das fibras colágenas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de diferentes tratamentos na resistência de união de sistemas adesivos em diferentes regiões dentinárias. Quarenta dentes terceiros molares humanos hígidos foram alocados randomizadamente em 24 grupos experimentais (n=5) de acordo com: tipo de sistema adesivo (Adper Single Bond - SB, Clearfil SE Bond - SE, Adper SE Plus - AP, G Bond - GB), tipo de tratamento (controle e desproteinização) e tipo de região dentinária (proximal, oclusal superficial e profunda). Para desproteinização da dentina foi utilizado hipoclorito de sódio 10%, por 1 minuto, na dentina previamente condicionada; e os sistemas adesivos foram aplicados conforme indicações dos fabricantes. Cavidades cilíndricas foram realizadas na superfície proximal e oclusal de cada espécime, de onde se obteve, 24 horas após o armazenamento em água destilada, 1 slice e 2 slices, respectivamente. Os slices foram submetidos a teste de push-out e logo após, a análise de fratura. Os valores obtidos em MPa foram submetidos à análise de variância de 3-fatores e teste Tukey (p<0.05), indicando diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre o tipo de sistema adesivo (p=0.000) e o tipo de região dentinária (p=0.005), porém o tipo de tratamento (p=0.058) não afetou significativamente os valores de resistência de união. Os valores de resistência de união foram maiores para superfície proximal, seguida de oclusal superficial e posterior oclusal profunda, sendo influenciados pelo tipo de sistema adesivo. A remoção de colágeno da superfície condicionada pode ser considerada caminho para diminuir a sensibilidade da técnica sem comprometer a efetividade adesiva.
Santos, Augusto Cesar dos. "Algoritmo evolutivo computacionalmente eficiente para reconfiguração de sistemas de distribuição". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-27052009-144709/.
Texto completoEnergy restoration in radial distribution systems usually involves the network reconfiguration to restore the electricity to the out-of-service areas. The main approaches for energy restoration in large-scale distribution systems have been the evolutionary algorithms (EAs). After a fault has been identified and isolated, the algorithm must find solutions that: 1) supply energy to the larger number of consumers, 2) reduce the number of switching operations, 3) respect operational constraints of the system, 4) reduce the amount of power losses, 5) generate exclusively radial configurations and 6) find solutions in real time. This work uses a new data structure, called node-depth encoding (NDE), to manipulate graphs producing exclusively radial and connected configurations, and guaranteeing that all potential solutions generated by the algorithm satisfy items (1) and (5). Moreover, we propose an EA using the NDE that is capable of finding adequate restoration plans in real time for large-scale distribution systems, with thousands of switches and buses.
Reyes, Estany Miguel. "Human Pose Analysis and Gesture Recognition from Depth Maps: Methods and Applications". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403985.
Texto completoEl análisis visual de personas es uno de los temas de investigación más activos en Visión Computacional. Varios enfoques para la recuperación de la postura corporal se han presentado recientemente, que permiten una mejor generalización de los sistemas de reconocimiento de gestos. La evaluación de los patrones de comportamiento humano en diferentes ambientes ha sido un problema de estudio en las ciencias sociales y cognitivas, pero actualmente se presenta como un reto para las ciencias informáticas, dada la complejidad de la extracción de datos y su análisis. Entre las principales dificultades del análisis visual de los datos n RGB está la discriminación de las formas, texturas, objetos de fondo, cambios en las condiciones de iluminación y puntos de vista. En contraste con las imágenes RGB comunes utilizadas en Visión Computacional, imágenes de rango aportan información adicional sobre mundo 3-D, lo que permite capturar la información de profundidad de cada pixel en la imagen. Además, el uso de mapas de profundidad es de creciente interés después de la llegada de los dispositivos multisensor baratos basados en luz estructurada, o la tecnología de Tiempo de Vuelo (TOF, por sus siglas en inglés). En este trabajo analizaremos el problema de la postura y el movimiento humano en imágenes RGB con profundidad, y en particular: 1) la actitud humana de recuperación de la postura, 2) descripción de posiciones de la mano, y 3) el reconocimiento de gestos. Vamos a tratar estas tres áreas mediante el uso de los datos RGB-Profundos con el fin de sacar provecho de la representación visual y la información geométrica en 3-D. El uso de los dos canales de información mejora la eficiencia de los métodos de análisis de movimiento y postura humanos. También presentamos un uso eficiente de los métodos propuestos en campos de aplicación real, como la salud y la interacción persona-ordenador (HCI). Nuestros principales objetivos son establecer la viabilidad del uso de mapa de profundidad en la estimación de pose de la mano y el cuerpo humano y, por otro lado, para el reconocimiento de gestos. Adicionalmente se presenta el impacto de éstas en aplicaciones reales con alto impacto social.
Rosa, Ana Carolina Maito Villela. "Resistência ao cisalhamento de sistemas adesivos autocondicionantes e de condicionamento total aplicados em dentina, em profundidades diferentes". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-26032010-175749/.
Texto completoObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dentin shear bond strength of four adhesive systems: Adper Single Bond 2, Adper Prompt L-Pop, Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond related to buccal and lingual surfaces and dentin depth. Material and Methods: Fourty extracted third molars had the roots removed and the crowns bisected on the mesio-distal direction. The buccal and lingual surfaces were included in PVC/acrylic resin ring and divided into buccal and lingual groups to each selected adhesives. The same specimens prepared to evaluation of superficial shear resistance were used in order to evaluate the different depths of dentin. The specimens were identified and abraded at depths of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0mm. Each depth was evaluated by ISO TR 11405, using an EMIC-2000 machine regulated at 0.5mm/min and 200 Kgf of cell load. The results were submitted to statistical analysis (ANOVA, Tukey and Scheffé Tests). Results: Data showed statistical differences to adhesive and depth variation factors (p<0,01) and to adhesive/depth (p<0,01) interaction. The Adper Single Bond 2 showed highest mean values of shear bond strength. The Adper Prompt L-Pop, a self-etching adhesive, showed higher mean values compared to Magic Bond DE and Self Etch Bond, a total and self etching adhesives, respectivelly. Conclusions: Based on these findings it can be concluded that the shear bond strength of dentin is dependent on material (adhesive system), substrate depth and the adhesive/depth interaction.
Munaro, Matteo. "Robust perception of humans for mobile robots RGB-depth algorithms for people tracking, re-identification and action recognition". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423652.
Texto completoUna delle più importanti abilità per un robot mobile che agisce in un ambiente popolato da persone è la capacità di percepire gli esseri umani. Questo non è vero soltanto per la navigazione perché le persone devono essere evitate in maniera diversa dagli altri ostacoli, ma anche perché i robot mobili devono essere in grado di interagire veramente con gli esseri umani. In un prossimo futuro, si può immaginare che i robot saranno sempre più presenti in ogni casa e svolgeranno compiti utili al benessere delle persone. Per questo scopo, è necessario utilizzare robusti algoritmi di tracking e le tecniche di re-identificazione svolgono un ruolo importante per far sì che i robot riconoscano una persona anche dopo un'occlusione totale o dopo lunghi periodi di tempo. Inoltre, essi devono essere in grado di riconoscere le azioni delle persone per reagire in maniera adeguata, aiutandole se necessario o anche apprendendo da loro. Questa tesi affronta queste problematiche proponendo approcci che combinano algoritmi basati su informazioni RGB e di profondità che possono essere ottenute con i sensori RGB-D recentemente introdotti nel mercato. Il nostro contributo chiave alla ricerca sulla rilevazione e il tracking di persone è un clustering basato sull'informazione di profondità che permette di applicare un rilevatore di persone robusto e basato sull'immagine solamente a un ristretto insieme delle possibili finestre di detection, quindi diminuendo il numero di falsi allarmi e raggiungendo un'elevata efficienza computazionale. La ricerca sulla re-identificazione di persone viene avanzata proponendo due tecniche che sfruttano algoritmi di tracking dello scheletro basati sull'informazione di profondità: una è pensata per la re-identificazione a breve termine e crea una firma compatta, ma discriminativa, delle persone calcolando delle feature alle posizioni chiave dello scheletro, che sono altamente ripetibili e semanticamente significative; l'altra estrae feature a lungo termine, come la forma 3D, per confrontare le persone in base alla loro nuvola di punti 3D acquisita con un sensore RGB-D. Per tenere conto del fatto che le persone non sono oggetti rigidi, ma sono articolate, questa tecnica sfrutta l'informazione 3D dello scheletro per ricondurre le nuvole di punti delle persone ad una posa standard che le renda direttamente confrontabili mediante un fitting ai minimi quadrati. Infine, viene descritta un'estensione al dominio RGB-D delle tecniche di riconoscimento di azioni basati sul flusso ottico. Questa estensione calcola il flusso nel tempo dei punti 3D di una persona sfruttando congiuntamente l'informazione di colore e profondità e riconosce le azioni umane classificando descrittori a griglia del flusso 3D. Un ulteriore contributo di questa tesi è la creazione di una serie di dataset RGB-D che permettono di confrontare diversi algoritmi su dati acquisiti con sensori RGB-D di tipo consumer. Tutti questi dataset sono stati rilasciati pubblicamente per favorire la ricerca in questi settori.
Benedicto, Rubia Paixão. "Causas múltiplas de morte relacionadas ao consumo de álcool na microrregião de Ribeirão Preto - SP, 1996 - 2007". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-31102011-094741/.
Texto completoThere are great number of evidences the allow to characterize the role of alcohol as a risk factor for diseases and death, besides several negative social consequences. Thus, consumption of alcoholic beverages has become a worldwide concern, being hailed as a major public health problem. Considering the limitations of health statistics that take into consideration only the basic cause, the purpose of this study was to describe the mortality related to alcohol consumption, according to multiple causes of death of the Ribeirão Preto micro region - SP for residence and/or occurrence from 1996 to 2007. This is a descriptive epidemiological study that used as a source the secondary data from the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health (SIM / MS). It was downloaded 100% of the files of deaths occurred in Brazil from 1996 to 2007 through available database on the SIM DATASUS (http://www.datasus.gov.br), and it was imported 324 files relating to declaration of death (DD). Using the APPENDA program, the database has gone through several filtering processes and 1,800 DDs were found mentioning alcohol (F10) as basic or associated cause of death. In the 1,800 DD documents refering to \'alcohol\', there was predominance of males (90.1%), between 40-59 years old (56.9%), and of Caucasian ancestry (\'White\', 65.7% ). Analysis of educational level attained was confounded due to the high number where this parameter was classed as \'unknown\' (78.8%). Post mortem examinations had been undertaken in 43.7% of cases and in 56.3% of these no laboratory tests were requested. The ICD-10 Chapters: IX- Diseases of the circulatory system, X- Diseases of the respiratory system and XI- Diseases of the digestive system were the three most frequently assigned causes of death, totaling 56.2% of basic causes and 48.7% of all recorded diagnoses. Among the main causes of death include diseases of the liver (K70-K77), pneumonia (J12-J18) and other respiratory diseases (J22, J66-J99), acute pancreatitis and other diseases of the pancreas (K85-K86 ), mental and behavioral disorders due to use of other psychoactive substances (F11-F19), other diseases of the digestive system (K83-k82, K87-K93), other heart diseases (I27-I43, I51-I52) and other diseases hypertension (I11-I15). Only 1% of deaths due to alcohol were mentioned in the chapter on external causes, and the analysis of the group ICD-10 revealed the absence of diagnoses of traffic accidents and violence as a basic causes, pointing to the existence of an important bias in the information flow between Institutes of Forensic Medicine - IMLS and the SIM. These results indicate that IML has information that the health sector needs, and they don´t pass this information through. Because of this, the DDs are incomplete, which means they are not included in official statistics. Thus, it was aroused the necessity of improvement on information flow between the reporting units and the SIM.
Silva, João Luis da. "Suicídios invisibilizados: investigação dos óbitos de adolescentes com intencionalidade indeterminada". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6132/tde-20042017-154508/.
Texto completoIntroduction - Regarding suicide epidemiology, it is important to highlight that official statistics may be underestimated due to possible mistakes on the identification and classification of the cause of death. Objective - To investigate the existence of suicide cases among adolescents in the city of Recife, which had been classified as undetermined intentionality deaths, from the years 2000 to 2014, and the perception of the medical examiners on the phenomenon and its sub notification. Methodology - In the Mortality Information System (SIM) in Recife, all data from adolescent deaths with undetermined intentionality was collected. Afterward, a databank with all this information was created and, from there, the documents could be located in the Medico-Legal Institute (IML) in Recife: the Event bulletin, the Body Removal document, the Police document for Corpse Entry in IML, the Registry Book for Corpse Entry in IML, the Cause of Death and Toxicology reports and the pink version of the Death Certificate; all these documents refer to the path the body of each victim made until having its death classified as undetermined. After examination of each one of these documents, it was possible to reclassify 43 (21 per cent ) out of the 203 deaths in the case, using a score based on the index of agreement between classifications of death intentionality registered in the documents. All deaths which presented a percentage of agreement above 50 per cent from the consultation to the referred documents had their intentionality reclassified. For the definition and reclassification of such cases, the tenth review of the International Disease Classification (CID-10) was used, where suicides correspond to codes X60 to X84, under the name of intentionally self-inflicted lesions. Results - Out of the cases initially classified as having undetermined intentionality (n=203), 9 per cent (n=19) were reclassified as suicide. The official statistics from SIM report that, within the studied period of time, there were only 61 suicides. However, adding the 19 reclassified cases to the official statistics quantitative, there are a total of 80 suicides among adolescents from the year 2000 to 2014, which indicates a general percentage of 23.7 per cent of sub notification. There was no change in the profile of the victims when comparing data from before and after the reclassification of the cases. In both situations, the bigger contingent of suicide cases is concentrated in the following profile: male adolescents, brown-coloured, aging from 15 to 19 years. According to the interviewed medical examiners, issues such as work overload and reduced amount of human resources are factors that might interfere in the process of undetermining death intentionality. Conclusions - From the recuperation of information contained in the documents found in IML, it was possible to reclassify the intentionality of deaths by external causes, improving the quality of data in SIM and allowing the elaboration of a more reliable and compatible epidemiologic profile regarding reality. This study, in fact, among all the obtained conclusions, reaffirms the need for constant sensitization of professionals involved in the death registration process, so that there is an enhancement in the quality of information in healthcare
Ferrari, Rosangela Aparecida Pimenta. "Mortalidade neonatal no município de Londrina - Paraná: características maternas, dos recém-nascidos e uso do sistema de saúde, de 2000 a 2009". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/7/7141/tde-19042012-080259/.
Texto completoNeonatal mortality mostly occurs due to avoidable causes which could be prevented if quality health services were available at prenatal, delivery and postnatal periods. In general, these causes are related to biological conditions, socioeconomic disparities and health services accessibility. Hence, even in cities where the economic development is high, it is fundamental to elucidate factors that contribute to the causality of neonatal deaths. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated to neonatal deaths in Londrina - PR, from 2000 to 2009. Neonatal deaths were investigated according to characteristics of mothers, newborns and health system city services through an ecological study with a retrospective and descriptive approach. Data were obtained from Birth Certificates, Death Certificates and Infant Death Investigation Forms provided by the Municipal Committee for Prevention of Maternal and Infant Death obtained from the Mortality Information Center assigned under the City Health Department. Regarding maternal characteristics, more than 60.0% were young adults (aged from 12 to 27), mean age of 25.8. Over this ten-year period, the number of teenager mothers decreased from 22.9% to 8.5%. Out of the total, 83.5% were married, 73.9% had 8-11 schooling years and 52.7% did not have a job. Most women (91.4%) received prenatal care and 55.1% of them attended to 1-6 prenatal care appointments. Almost all mothers had some sort of health problems during pregnancy: 82.7% presented with premature labor and 36.7% had renal and urinary conditions. Slightly more than 51,0% led to natural deliveries. Over the years, surgical deliveries increased from 35.4% to 61.5%. As for characteristics of newborns who died, 56.9% were male and 86.0% were caucasian. About 60.0% were born with 22-31 weeks of gestational age and 60.7% weighted under 1500 grams and 73.0% presented with asfixiation at the first minute. Over the studied period, prematurity rates remained elevated. Mean death age was 4.9 days. Most deaths occured at early neonatal period (73.9%) and the Neonatal Mortality Rate decreased from 21.2 to 14.8 between 2000 to 2009. The leading death causes were perinatal conditions (77.6%) followed by congenital anomalies (20.0%). Out of all avoidable deaths, 77.1% occured due to causes that could be prevented if adequate control over pregnancy and labor care were available. As for the city health services attended by the newborns\' mothers, 62.3% used the public health system. Almost all labors took place in hospitals (96.5%), and 63.7% of these facilities provided obstetric and neonatal intensive care. In the studied period, the use of hospital facilities with maternity/nursery and neonatal intensive care wards increased from 39.2% to 66.6%. The neonatal death period was statistically associated to premature labor (p<0.01), urinary tract infeccion (p<0.05), arterial hypertension/pre-eclampsia (p<0.01), birth weight (p<0.01), gestational age (p<0.01), Apgar score at 1st and 5th minutes (p<0.01), place of delivery (p<0.01) and place of death (p<0.05). On the other hand, there was no statistical association between maternal demographic and socioeconomical characteristics. Even though neonatal deaths have decreased over the years, in Londrina, this number still requires attention in order to reorganize the health system, specifically regarding qualified assitance for prenatal care and delivery. In conclusion, it is necessary to implement integrative care as to address the maternal-infant needs of the population who attends the city health services.
Corrêa, Érico Kunde. "Estudo dos processos de compostagem no sistema de produção de suínos sobre cama". Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2007. http://guaiaca.ufpel.edu.br/handle/123456789/1230.
Texto completoDeep litter systems (DLS) have lower facility cost and less environmental impact than conventional swine production systems, but the animal thermal comfort may not be ideal, during warm seasons. This thesis studied the effect of the use of litters having different depths on indicators of environmental comfort, animal growth performance and physical, chemical and microbiological characteristics of the litter. Three treatments were compared: solid concrete floor (control); litter of rice husk with depth of 0.25 (L25) and 0.50 m (L50). The first liter was used in two lots and replaced by a second litter used in other two lots. The environmental conditions were determined by the relative humidity of the air (RH), atmospheric temperature (AT) and litter temperature at the center of the pen, both in the surface (TSF) and at half of the depth (THD). Feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion for the pigs raised on DLS were also estimated. Concentrations of thermophilic and mesophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were determined by the most probable number method. TSF was lowest in the control group (P < 0.05), but it did not differ between C25 and C50 (P > 0.05). TSF was higher for new than for used litters and for the first than for the second litters (P < 0.05). The highest levels of N, P and K found in the L25 indicate that its compost has greater agronomical values. The concentration of mesophilic bacteria was higher in L50 than in L25 (P < 0.05). Although no statistical comparison was performed for growth performance parameters, feed conversion was similar for pigs in the control and DLS groups, with an apparent advantage for L25. This thesis also studied the effect of the addition of inoculums, in a pilot scale, on litters similar to those used in DLS, on the parameters mentioned above. The experimental units were boxes having area equal to 1 m2., on which litter of rice husk was added at the depths of 0.25 (L25) and 0.50 m (L50). On a daily basis, 6.4 l of swine dejects were added to the boxes, which consisted of three treatments: control without inoculums (T1); inoculation of 250 g of Bacillus cereus var. tyoii with 8,4 x 107 UFC/g (T2); and inoculation of 250 g of EnziLimp with 8,4 x 107 UFC/g (T3). Concentration of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, fungi and actinomycetes were determined and the chemical characteristics of the litter were evaluated. The addition of inoculums allowed higher concentration of thermophilic bacteria than in the control group (P < 0.05), so it would not be recommended for DLS. There was a higher concentration of thermophilic bacteria and fungi in the first lot of L50 (P < 0.05). Increased N level had a negative association with the concentration of all the thermophilic microbial populations (P < 0.05). Therefore, L25 can be recommended as a feasible option for DLS because it is associated with reduced concentration of thermophilic microbial populations in the litter, which leads to better thermal comfort for the pigs, without negative effects for growth performance, also generating compost having high agronomical value.
Em comparação com sistemas convencionais de criação de suínos, o sistema de produção sobre cama (SPC) utiliza edificações de menor custo e menor impacto ambiental, mas pode prejudicar o conforto térmico dos animais, em climas quentes. Esta tese estudou os efeitos das camas usadas para SPC, com diferentes profundidades, sobre indicadores de condicionamento ambiental da edificação, desempenho de crescimento dos animais, e características físicas, químicas e microbiológicas das camas. Três tratamentos foram comparados: piso de concreto (controle) e camas de casca de arroz com profundidade de 0.50 (C50) e 0.25 m (C25). A primeira cama foi usada em duas repetições e substituída por uma segunda cama usada em outras duas. A condição ambiental foi determinada através da umidade relativa do ar (UR) e das temperaturas atmosférica (TA) e no centro da baia, tanto na superfície (TCS), como na metade da profundidade (TCI). Também foram estimados o consumo de alimento, o ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar dos animais. Através de NMP, determinaram-se as concentrações de bactérias, fungos e actinomicetos, mesófilos e termófilos. A TCS foi mais baixa para o controle (P < 0,05), mas sem diferença entre C25 e C50 (P > 0,05). A TCS foi maior nas camas novas do que nas usadas e para as primeiras do que nas segundas camas (P < 0,05). Os maiores teores de N, P e K presentes na C25 indicaram que o composto produzido nesta profundidade possui melhor valor agronômico. A concentração de bactérias termófilas foi maior na C50 do que na C25 (P < 0,05). Ainda que não tenham sido feitas comparações estatísticas, a conversão alimentar foi similar para os animais no grupo controle e no SPC, com aparente benefício na C25. Esta tese também estudou o efeito da adição de inóculos, em escala piloto, sobre camas similares as usadas no SPC, sobre os parâmetros mencionados acima, em experimento realizado em uma granja comercial. As unidades experimentais foram caixas com 1 m2 de área, nas quais foi adicionada cama de casca de arroz, em profundidades de 0,25 (C25) e 0,50 m (C50). Diariamente, foram adicionados 6,4 l de dejetos por caixa, formando três tratamentos: controle sem inoculo (T1); inoculação de 250 g de Bacillus cereus var. tyoii com 8,4 x 107 UFC/g (T2); e inoculação de 250 g de EnziLimp com 8,4 x 107 UFC/g (T3). Foram determinadas as concentrações de bactérias, fungos e actinomicetos, mesófilos e termófilos e analisadas as características químicas das camas. A adição dos inóculos propiciou uma maior concentração de bactérias termófilas (P < 0,05), em relação ao controle, não sendo recomendável para animais em crescimento e terminação. Houve maior concentração de bactérias e fungos termófilos na primeira repetição da C50 (P < 0,05). A elevação do teor de N influenciou negativamente todas as concentrações microbianas termófilas (P < 0,05). Em conclusão, a C25 é uma opção viável para SPC, por apresentar um maior valor agronômico e possibilitar uma melhor conversão alimentar dos animais quando comparada com a C50.
Marquez, Remy Amorim Caero. "Restabelecimento de energia em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica com priorização de chaves automáticas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-06052014-162810/.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the service restoration problem in large scale distribution systems (distribution systems with thousands of switches and load buses) in contingency situations. This problem consists basically in determining the sectionalizing switches that must be operated in order to reconnect the out of service loads without violating any operational constraints. Several methodologies have been developed to deal with the service restoration problem in distribution systems. However, the majority of them demand high running time when used for large scale distribution systems and/or do not consider the existence of switches that can be remotely operated. It is proposed a methodology for determining, in real time, service restoration plans in large scale distribution systems. In order to determine service plans that can be implemented faster, the methodology will give priority to use remotely controlled switches. To deal with the multiple objectives and constraints of the service restoration problem, the proposed methodology will be based on Multi-objective Evolutionary algorithms. To guarantee computational efficiency to treat large scale distribution systems, the data encoding called Node-Depth Encoding will be used. The real distribution system of the São Carlos-SP city, and its doubled, quadruplicated and octuplicate versions will be used to validate the proposed methodology. It will be simulated cases considering one and multiple faults.
Carvalho, Arthur Alves Borges de. "Estudo sobre os registros do serviço de verificação de óbitos no sistema de informação de mortalidade para o estado do Tocantins, 2010-2012". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-06062017-155652/.
Texto completoThe Death Verification Service (SVO) was created to elucidate causes of natural deaths poorly defined by postmortem examinations and record more complete information on the causes of death in the Mortality Information System (SIM). Since the establishment of the national network of SVO, few studies have evaluated the quality of death records of SVO SIM. We studied 19780 no fetal death records of residents in the State of Tocantins between the years 2012, 2011 and 2012, downloaded the DATASUS website of the Ministry of Health. In addition to establishing the demographic social profile of the deaths were studied completeness information, the five leading causes of death and root causes recorded by the SVO and other informers within the SIM. Deaths male, mulatto, married, uneducated, retired hospital and over 75 years predominated. The incompleteness of data in SIM for the State of Tocantins was higher than 10% and there was no statistically significant difference between the completeness of data recorded by the SVO and the other informers. The circulatory diseases were the main causes of death recorded by informers except for IML, where external causes predominated. 15% of the records of external root causes did not belong to the IML and the SVO had a large proportion of ill-defined basic causes records. The qualification of information on mortality, essential to the development of health policies, remains defiant in the State of Tocantins. Creating a culture of epidemiological information passes through curriculum integration, education and continuing medical awareness.
Borges, Henrique Fernandes. "Otimização do processo de restabelecimento de energia em sistemas de distribuição de grande porte utilizando chaves automáticas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-22102013-155524/.
Texto completoThis dissertation presents a new methodology to address service restoration problem in Large Scale Distribution Systems (DS), that allow the obtaining of service restoration plans considering only automatic switches after the occurrence of interruption. This procedure is performed through the Network Reconfiguration (NR), which basically consists in changing the topology of the electrical system by changing states (open/closed) of the switches. For this, various load points DS are grouped into blocks separated by switches, forming sectors. Thus, from the NR is possible to exchange charges between feeders in case of interruption somewhere in the DS. The methodology proposed here divides the process of service restoration in two stages. The first exchange of charges between feeders is performed using only automatic switches, and the second stage uses any type of switches, automatic or not. The problem of service restoration in Large-Scale DS involves multiple objectives, some of which are conflicting, moreover, due to the large number of variables involved in this problem, it is subject to the combinatorial explosion phenomenon. Thus, meta-heuristics have been proposed as alternatives to address the problem, and among these, the Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs) have shown to be more efficient. Given the above, this work uses Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms, along with the graph encoding called Node-Depth Representation, which allows an efficient computational representation of DS topology. To validate the proposed methodology were performed computer simulations in real DS city of Londrina, in actual operation. The results will be presented in this thesis showed a substantial gain compared to other methods.
Lepsch, Lucília Brochado. "Toxicidade causada pela cocaína in vitro: participação da via dopaminérgica e do fator de transcrição NF-kB". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-03102008-135744/.
Texto completoCocaine is a drug deeply used and its abuse is associated with physical, psychiatric and social problems. Abnormalities in newly born have been demonstrated due to the toxics effects of cocaine during fetal development. The mechanism by which cocaine causes neurological damages is very complex and involves interactions of the drug with several neurotransmitter systems, such as the increase of extracellular levels of dopamine and free radicals, and modulation of transcription factors. In this study we investigated the cocaine toxicity in striatum and mesencephalic primary cultures, and dopaminergic cells (PC 12). We observed that cocaine exposure causes death to these cells. In the mesencephalic primary culture, the cellular death was blunted by superoxide dismutase (SOD) pretreatment. Cocaine exposure also induced inhibition of neurite lengthening in these primary cultures. In PC 12 cells, cocaine activated the transcription factors NFkB and CREB (after 6 hours), which regulate genes involved in cellular death. GBR 12909, an inhibitor of dopamine reuptake; lidocaine, a local anesthetic; and dopamine did not activate NFkB as cocaine did, however, the attenuation of NFkB activity after the pretreatment of the cells with SCH 23390, a D1 receptor antagonist, suggests that the activation of NFkB by cocaine is, at least partially, due to activation of D1 receptors. NFkB seems to have a protective role in these cells, because its inhibition with PDTC and Sodium Salicilate increased cellular death caused by cocaine. The increase in BDNF RNAm, can also be related to the protective role of this transcription factor. The decrease in Bcl-2, the increase in caspase 3 activity, and the increase in caspase 3 cleavage suggest that apoptose participates in the development of cocaineinduced cell death. The understanding of the mechanisms by which cocaine induces cell death in the brain will contribute to the development of new therapies for drug abusers, which can help the interruption of the progress of degenerative processes.
Sanches, Danilo Sipoli. "Algoritmos evolutivos multi-objetivo para reconfiguração de redes em sistemas de distribuição de energia elétrica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-26032013-080436/.
Texto completoFind the distribution system configuration of minimum power losses or that provides an adequate service restoration plan is a combinatorial, multi-objective and multi constraint problems, which involves functions whose characteristics, in general, difficult the use of mathematical programming techniques. Evolutionary Algorithms have shown relevant results for these problems, especially for Large-Scale Distribution Systems. This work proposes two methodologies for network reconfiguration based on Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms, which can be applied to treat the problems of power loss reduction and service restoration in large scale distribution systems (with thousands of buses, lines and switches). In order to develop these methodolgies, it was used a data structure to manipulate graphs producing exclusively radial and connected connections, called Node Depth Encoding. The proposed methodologies were successfully tested in several distribution systems, among them one with 30,880 buses. The problem of service restoration is analyzed considering cases of single and multiple faults.
Mansour, Moussa Reda. "Algoritmo para obtenção de planos de restabelecimento para sistemas de distribuição de grande porte". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-06052009-100440/.
Texto completoAn elaborated and fast energy restoration plan (ERP) is required to deal with steady faults in radial distribution systems (RDS). That is, after a faulted zone has been identified and isolated by the relays, it is desired to elaborate a proper ERP to restore energy on that zone. Moreover, during the normal system operation, it is frequently necessary to elaborate ERP to isolate zones to execute routine tasks of network maintenance. Some of the objectives of an ERP are: (i) very few interrupted customers (or none), and (ii) operating a minimal number of switches, while at the same time respecting security constraints. As a consequence, the service restoration is a multiple objective problem, with some degree of conflict. The main methods developed for elaboration of ERP are based on evolutionary algorithms (EA). The limitation of the majority of these methods is the necessity of network simplifications to work with large-scale RDS. In general, these simplifications restrict the achievement of an adequate ERP. This work proposes the development and implementation of an algorithm for elaboration of ERP, which can deal with large-scale RDS without requiring network simplifications, that is, considering a large number (or all) of lines, buses, loads and switches of the system. The proposed algorithm is based on a multi-objective EA, on a new graph tree encoding called node-depth encoding (NDE), as well as on two genetic operators developed to efficiently manipulate a graph trees stored in NDEs. Using a multi-objective EA, the proposed algorithm enables a better exploration of the search space. On the other hand, using NDE and its operators, the efficiency of the search is increased when the proposed algorithm is used generating proper ERP, because those operators generate only radial configurations where all consumers are attended. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm is shown using a Brazilian distribution system with 3,860 buses, 635 switches, 3 substations and 23 feeders.
Glaeser, Daniele Fabiana. "INFLUÊNCIA DOS HERBICIDAS GLIFOSATO E GLIFOSATO+2,4-D SOBRE A POPULAÇÃO DE ÁCAROS (ARACHNIDA: ACARI) EDÁFICOS EM SISTEMAS DE PLANTIO DIRETO E PLANTIO CONVENCIONAL". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFGD, 2008. https://dspace.ufgd.edu.br/jspui/handle/123456789/122.
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Diante da importância dos Acari para a manutenção da qualidade do solo e da fragilidade desses organismos às práticas agrícolas, avaliou-se a influência dos herbicidas glifosato e glifosato+2,4-D sobre a população de Acari edáficos em sistema de plantio direto (PD) e de plantio convencional (PC). A pesquisa foi realizada em áreas experimentais da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, da Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS. Em cada sistema foram estudados: herbicidas (glifosato, testemunha e glifosato+2,4-D), época (15, 30, 45, 60 e 75 dias após a aplicação dos herbicidas nas parcelas tratadas) e profundidade (0 a 2,5 cm e 2,5 a 5 cm), totalizando 30 tratamentos, em oito repetições. As coletas de solo foram realizadas através de anéis de 2,5 cm de comprimento, com o auxílio de um extrator de solo e posteriormente, as amostras foram alocadas em mesa expositora através de funis de Berlese, onde permaneceram por sete dias. Em seguida, os organismos das amostras foram triados e identificados. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o Inteiramente Casualizado, no esquema fatorial, sendo os dados submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Duncan (p<0,05). No PD, os herbicidas glifosato e glifosato+2,4-D contribuíram para o aumento do número de Acari, conforme a época de amostragem. No PC, o herbicida glifosato+2,4-D influenciou o aumento desses organismos. A profundidade de 0 a 2,5 cm e o sistema PD apresentou maior número de Acari. Em geral, tanto os herbicidas, quanto as épocas de coleta influenciaram no aumento das populações de Acari. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT - Due to the importance of Acari for the maintaining soil quality and the fragility of these bodies to agricultural practices, evaluate the influence of the herbicide glyphosate and glyphosate 2.4-D on the population of Acari edaphic in no-tillage system (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). The research was performed in experimental areas at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, MS. In each system were studied: herbicides (glyphosate, witness and glyphosate+2.4-D), season (15, 30, 45, 60 and 75 days after application of herbicides in plots treated) and depth (0 to 2.5 and 2.5 cm to 5 cm), totaling 30 treatments on eight repetitions. Sampling of soil were carried out through rings of 2.5 cm, with the aid of an extractor of soil and subsequently, the samples were allocated in table exposure with Berlese funnels, where remained for seven days. Then the bodies of the samples were screened and identified. The experimental design was a Completely Randomized, in the factorial scheme, and the data submitted to the analysis of variance and the mean compared by Duncan test (p <0.05). In the NT, the herbicide glyphosate and glyphosate+2.4-D contributed to the increase in the number of Acari, as the time of sampling. In the CT, the herbicide glyphosate+2.4-D influenced these bodies. The depth of 0 to 2.5 cm and the NT system showed higher number of Acari. In general, both herbicides, as the times of sampling influence the populations of Acari.
Freitas, Christiano Michel Fernandes. "Dimensionamento de equipes de trabalho por meio de modelos probabilísticos". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8721.
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This work proposes the modeling of a production system with three manufacturing units, in order to allow the optimal dimensioning of maintainers and the accomplishment of a sensitivity analysis that allows to evaluate the reliability of the obtained results. A Quasi-Birthand- Death (QBD) process is used to model the productive units, and through infinitesimal generators, the input probabilities for the developed code are obtained. Organizations usually define their supporter teams empirically, which can compromise organizational strategies. Thus, the code offers assistance in the decision making of these professionals. Thus, three production units X, Y and Z were modeled and the minimum dimensioning of maintainers that each unit had to be performed. Thus, the X unit with two maintainers provides a 70% probability of remaining in operation, the Y unit with three provides 76%, and finally, the Y unit with only one maintainer allows an 80% chance of remaining in operation. Bymeans of the sensitivity analysis, it was noticed thatwhen disturbing the infinitesimal generator the values of probability of operation tend to approximate to 100% whereas a maintainer is added, however, when the fourth maintainer is added, there is little variation in the system. However,when the system is stressed by the growth of the randomvariable t, the reliability of the results tends to decrease, whereas with a maintainer, the probability of functioning falls considerably over time, and in contrast, with four maintainers, the permanence of operating state tends to be distant.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivos: modelar um sistema de produção com três unidades fabris, de modo a permitir o dimensionamento ideal de mantenedores, e a realização de uma análise de sensibilidade para avaliar a confiabilidade dos resultados obtidos pelo mesmo modelo. Um processo de quase nascimento e morte (Quasi-Birth-and-Death - QBD) é utilizado para modelar as unidades produtivas, e por meio dos geradores infinitesimais, são obtidas as probabilidades de entrada para o código desenvolvido. Geralmente as organizações definem suas equipes de mantenedores de forma empírica, fato que pode comprometer as estratégias organizacionais. Sendo assim, o código oferece auxílio na tomada de decisões destes profissionais. Deste modo, foram modeladas três unidades de produção X, Y e Z e realizado o dimensionamento mínimo de mantenedores que cada unidade deve ter. Observou-se que a unidade X com no mínimo dois mantenedores proporciona 70% de probabilidade de permanecer em funcionamento, a unidade Y com três, proporciona 76%, e a unidade Z, com um mantenedor, possibilita 80%. Por meio da análise de sensibilidade, notou-se que ao perturbar o gerador infinitesimal os valores de probabilidade de funcionamento tendem a se aproximar de 100% à medida que se acrescenta um mantenedor, no entanto, quando se acrescenta o quarto mantenedor, existe pouca variação no sistema. Já em relação ao tempo, quando se estressa o sistema por meio do crescimento da variável aleatória t , a confiabilidade dos resultados tende a diminuir, sendo que com um mantenedor, a probabilidade de funcionamento cai consideravelmente ao longo do tempo, e em contrapartida, com quatro mantenedores, a permanência de estado de funcionamento tende a ser duradoura.
Paganini, Maria Cristina. "As situações de final de vida na unidade de terapia intensiva: o enfermeiro no processo de exercer a sua autonomia". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/83/83131/tde-19102011-125834/.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study is to: understand the process of autonomy exercised by nurses when making decisions related to end-of-life situations they in the adult ICU; to identify the meanings that nurses attribute to the experience of making decisions and of exercising their autonomy in end-of-life situations of adult patients in ICU; to construct a theoretical model about the process of understanding the exercise of their autonomy in decision-making relating to end-of-life situations of adult patients in the ICU. The study used as a theoretical reference the Symbolic Interactionism, and as methodological reference, the Grounded theory. The comparative analysis of the data has permitted the understanding of the meaning of nurses experience in exercising autonomy relating to life-ending adult patients in the ICU. Three phenomena that compose this experience have been identified: The first, \"Working in an environment of pressure,\" represents the initial phase of nurses experience, adding not only the features that exist within the ICU where the work is done, but also the clinical aspects of patients interaction with other professionals and family in end of life decision-making. The second, \"Seeking to gain power in order to be allowed to make decisions,\" shows the movement in which nurses create strategies for expanding opportunities in order to exercise autonomy. The third phenomena, \"Reviewing the spaces to exercise autonomy,\" reconsiders other spaces where nurses can act in end-of-life situations regarding planning of patient care, supporting families on their decision making and interface with health team members and the institution. The articulation of these phenomena has permitted the identification of the central category EXPANDING-THE-OPPORTUNITIES-FOR-EXERCISE AUTONOMY, based on which it has been possible to propose a theoretical model that explains the experience. It represents the process experienced by nurses in seeking spaces of power regarding decision making and action to assume the care role in end-of-life process.
Balestrin, Elisabete Aparecida. "Dentina: relação entre densidade tubular em diferentes profundidades e a resistência ao cisalhamento de quatro diferentes sistemas adesivos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/58/58131/tde-26032010-122840/.
Texto completoDentin at various depths presents different tubular density and permeability, thus directly affecting the adhesion of bonding systems. Aim: to evaluate the relationship between tubular density and shear strength of four bonding systems at different dentin depths. Material and methods: upper and lower human molars were analyzed regarding dentin tubular density at different depths by scanning electron microscopy, as well as shear strength (ISO TR 11405 method) for the dependent variables depth (surface dentin, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mm), bonding system (total etch and self-etching) and tooth aspect (buccal or palatal/lingual). The bonding systems Single Bond Adper, Xeno III, Clearfil SE Bond e Adper Prompt L-Pop were selected. The analysis were performed in a sampledependent way and results were submitted to the ANOVA test. Results: scanning electron microscopy revealed an increase in tubular density accompanying the depth. Shear strength tests showed that upper molars present significant differences for the factors depth and bonding system, as well as for the interactions depth x bonding system, aspect x depth and aspect x bonding system. Lower molars revealed significance for the three dependent variables and for the interactions depth x bonding system and aspect x bonding system. The Xeno III bonding system presented average values higher than the other products, both in upper and lower molars, in deep dentin (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0), in a regular way. Conclusions: In general, as the dentinal depth increases, so does the tubular density. In human molars, the dependent variables dentin depth and bonding system influenced the shear strength. The self-etching bonding system Xeno III revealed potential maintenance of shear strength when used in dentin at different depths. As dentin depth increases, so does the tubular density, thus lowering shear strength; however, this relationship is dependent on the bonding system used.
Almeida, Grace Kelly Melo de. "Efeito antioxidante da diosmina em miocárdio de rato submetido à lesão de reperfusão". Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2014. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4008.
Texto completoA lesao de reperfusao e responsavel por 50% do tamanho do infarto, sendo a principal responsavel pelas alteracoes cardiacas ocasionadas pela sobrecarga de calcio e estresse oxidativo que ocorrem no processo de isquemia-reperfusao. A prevencao ou limitacao desta area torna-se um alvo para a protecao cardiaca. Neste contexto, a diosmina por ser um flavonoide que apresenta ampla atividade biologica, principalmente cardioprotetora, apresenta-se como uma substancia a ser utilizada para a prevencao dessas lesoes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antioxidante da diosmina na lesao de reperfusao. Utilizou-se o sistema de perfusao aortico do tipo Langendorff pressao constante para a inducao do modelo de isquemia global cardiaca. Foram utilizados ratos Wistar machos (250-300 g) e os procedimentos foram aprovados pelo Comite de Etica em Pesquisa com Animais da UFS (04/2013). Os animais utilizados foram divididos em 4 grupos experimentais: Grupo 01 - Sham: 20 minutos de estabilizacao, 100 minutos de perfusao com solucao veiculo (solucao de Krebs-Ringer acrescida de dimetilsulfoxido - DMSO 0,02 %); Grupo 02 - I-R + Veiculo: 20 minutos de estabilizacao, 10 minutos de perfusao com solucao veiculo, seguido por 30 minutos de isquemia e, posteriormente, mais 60 minutos de reperfusao com a mesma solucao; Grupo 03 - I-R + Diosmina: 20 minutos de estabilizacao, perfusao por 10 minutos com solucao veiculo, seguido por 30 minutos de isquemia e, posteriormente, mais 60 minutos de reperfusao com solucao de diosmina (0,1 Êmol/L) e Grupo 04 - I-R + NAC: 20 minutos de estabilizacao, perfusao por 10 minutos com solucao veiculo, seguido por 30 minutos de isquemia e posteriormente, 60 minutos de reperfusao com o controle positivo NAC (N-acetilcisteina - 24 Êmol/L). Foi avaliado o efeito da diosmina sobre a contratilidade cardiaca, atraves da mensuracao da pressao intraventricular esquerda (PVE) e do indice de severidade de arritmia (ASI). Alem disso, foi analisada a area de lesao fazendo-se a marcacao do infarto, e mensuracao da atividade das enzimas creatina quinase (CK) e lactato desidrogenase (LDH). Tambem, foi analisado o efeito da diosmina na peroxidacao lipidica (TBARS, hidroperoxidos totais) e das enzimas antioxidantes superoxido dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutationa peroxidase (GPx), glutationa redutase (GR) nos coracoes estudados. E por fim, foi observada a expressao da proteina caspase-3 pela tecnica de western blot. Como resultados obtivemos o reestabelecimento da PVE quando comparada ao grupo Sham, assim como verificamos reducao do ASI (p< 0,01) em relacao aos coracoes que foram reperfundidos com o veiculo. Observamos, ainda, diminuicao (p< 0,01) da area de infarto e da atividade das enzimas CK total e LDH. A peroxidacao lipidica e a concentracao de hidroperoxidos mostraram-se reduzidas (p< 0,01) em relacao aos coracoes reperfundidos com o veiculo. Alem disso, a atividade das enzimas antioxidantes SOD, CAT, GPx e GR, tambem encontravam-se reduzidas (p< 0,01) em relacao aos coracoes reperfundidos com o veiculo. Demonstramos tambem reducao (p< 0,01) da expressao da proteina caspase-3 quando comparado ao grupo em que os coracoes foram reperfundidos com o veiculo. Estes resultados em conjunto evidenciam que a diosmina reduz as alteracoes decorrentes da isquemia-reperfusao cardiaca por sua acao antioxidante.
Pons, Tomás Patricia. "Towards Intelligent Playful Environments for Animals based on Natural User Interfaces". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/113075.
Texto completoL'estudi de la interacció dels animals amb la tecnologia i el desenvolupament de sistemes tecnològics centrats en l'animal està guanyant cada vegada més atenció des de l'aparició de l'àrea d'Animal Computer Interaction (ACI) . ACI persegueix millorar el benestar dels animals en diferents entorns a través del desenvolupament de tecnologia adequada per a ells amb un enfocament centrat en l'animal. Entre totes les línies d'investigació que ACI està explorant, hi ha hagut prou interès en la interacció dels animals amb la tecnologia basada en el joc. Les activitats de joc tecnològiques tenen el potencial de proveir estimulació mental i física als animals en diferents contextos, podent ajudar a millorar el seu benestar. Mentre ens embarquem en l'era de la Internet de les Coses, les activitats de joc tecnològiques actuals per a animals encara no han explorat el desenvolupament de solucions pervasives que podrien proveir-los de més adaptació a les seues preferències al mateix temps que oferir estímuls tecnològics més variats. En el seu lloc, estes activitats estan normalment basades en interaccions digitals en compte d'explorar dispositius tangibles o augmentar les interaccions amb estímuls de diferent tipus. A més, aquestes activitats de joc estan ja predefinides i no canvien amb el temps, mentre requereixen que un humà proveïsca el dispositiu o la tecnologia a l'animal. Si els humans pogueren centrar-se més en la seua participació com a jugadors actius d'un sistema interactiu per a animals en compte d'estar pendents de subjectar un dispositiu per a l'animal o de mantenir el sistema executant-se, açò podria ajudar a crear llaços més forts entre espècies i promoure millors relacions amb els animals. Així mateix, l'estimulació mental i física dels animals són aspectes importants que podrien fomentar-se si els sistemes de joc dissenyats per a ells pogueren oferir un rang variat de respostes, adaptar-se als comportaments de l'animal i evitar que aquest s'acostume al sistema i perda l'interès. Per tant, esta tesi proposa el disseny i desenvolupament d'entorns tecnològics de joc basats en Interfícies Naturals d'Usuari que puguen adaptar-se i reaccionar a les interaccions naturals dels animals. Aquestos escenaris pervasius podrien permetre als animals jugar per si mateixos o amb una persona, oferint activitats de joc més dinàmiques i atractives que siguen capaces d'adaptar-se amb el temps.
The study of animals' interactions with technology and the development of animal-centered technological systems is gaining attention since the emergence of the research area of Animal Computer Interaction (ACI). ACI aims to improve animals' welfare and wellbeing in several scenarios by developing suitable technology for the animal following an animal-centered approach. Among all the research lines ACI is exploring, there has been significant interest in animals' playful interactions with technology. Technologically mediated playful activities have the potential to provide mental and physical stimulation for animals in different environmental contexts, which could in turn help to improve their wellbeing. As we embark in the era of the Internet of Things, current technological playful activities for animals have not yet explored the development of pervasive solutions that could provide animals with more adaptation to their preferences as well as offering varied technological stimuli. Instead, playful technology for animals is usually based on digital interactions rather than exploring tangible devices or augmenting the interactions with different stimuli. In addition, these playful activities are already predefined and do not change over time, while they require that a human has to be the one providing the device or technology to the animal. If humans could focus more on their participation as active players of an interactive system aimed for animals instead of being concerned about holding a device for the animal or keep the system running, this might help to create stronger bonds between species and foster better relationships with animals. Moreover, animals' mental and physical stimulation are important aspects that could be fostered if the playful systems designed for animals could offer a varied range of outputs, be tailored to the animal's behaviors and prevented the animal to get used to the system and lose interest. Therefore, this thesis proposes the design and development of technological playful environments based on Natural User Interfaces that could adapt and react to the animals' natural interactions. These pervasive scenarios would allow animals to play by themselves or with a human, providing more engaging and dynamic playful activities that are capable of adapting over time.
Pons Tomás, P. (2018). Towards Intelligent Playful Environments for Animals based on Natural User Interfaces [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/113075
TESIS
Ludwig, Erika Fernanda dos Santos Bezerra. "Desenvolvimento e aplicação de escala informatizada para busca ativa de potenciais doadores de órgãos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-26012017-170218/.
Texto completoCare of severe patients, as potential organ donors, required individualized, coordinated and continuous actions among professionals, which are considered essential for the transplantation efficacy and quality. In this sense, access to information in real time, combining different patient data, is essential for the speed and maintenance of care quality, favored by informatics and the use of electronic medical charts. The objective of this study was to develop and apply a computerized scale for actively searching for potential organ donors in a philanthropic hospital in Londrina, Paraná. This is an applied, descriptive, retrospective and correlational study, with a documentary analysis. Data were collected from electronic medical charts of patients who died in intensive care units of the studied hospital in 2014. The analysis included clinical conditions, cause for hospitalization and demographic data. Deaths by heart arrest were evaluated as for the absence of brain stem reflexes, since in this case the patient was a potential donor who was not identified. The APACHE II and SOFA severity indices were applied to patients with brain death. The sample was made up of 377 charts of deceased patients. Of these deaths, 346 (91.8%) were due to a heart arrest and 31 (8.2%) to brain death. A total 34 cases of underreporting were identified among patients deceased by heart arrest. The main causes for hospitalization for patients in brain death protocol were hemorrhagic stroke 15 (48.4%) and severe traumatic brain injury 12 (38.7%), with prevalence of male patients (67.7%). Only 15 (48.4%) patients completed the protocol, six (19.3%) became donors. In addition, there were 10 (40%) family refusals and 15 (60%) contraindications for donation. The interval for verifying brain death was between 8 and 72 hours, with a mean of 24 (SD=20.6) hours. A statistically significant difference was observed, by means of the Wilcoxon test, between the scores of admission to the intensive care unit and the opening of the brain death protocol, for both severity indices, APACHE II (p=0.001) and SOFA (p<0.001), evidencing the importance of the daily application of the scale for active search for potential donors, for timely and appropriate maintenance of severe patients who may become potential donors. Later, the first version of the scale for active search for potential organ donors was created and submitted to face and content validity by five experts. This enabled the creation of its second version, which was computerized and applied, according to the prototype model. The scale for active search for potential organ donors is expected to serve as a tool for organizing the process of identification and maintenance of potential donors. This favors notification of all patients with brain death, a reduction of avoidable losses, and an increase in quantity and quality of the organs available for transplantation.
Silva, Isaac Azevedo. "Avaliação dos efeitos da anestesia peridural torácica sobre as alterações miocárdicas associadas à morte encefálica: estudo experimental". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-08082013-154929/.
Texto completoBACKGROUND: Currently, the main limitation to cardiac transplantation, worldwide, is the shortage of donors whose number is always smaller than the number of patients with terminal heart disease, and this gap is even greater because about 25 % of donated hearts are not used due to severe dysfunction of unknown cause. Brain-death associated catecholaminergic storm may be implicated in this dysfunction. Thus, therapeutic interventions aiming to reduce the sympathetic stimulation result, ultimately, in an increase in the number of organs for transplantation. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hypothesis that thoracic epidural anesthesia is capable of blocking the sympathetic discharge inherent to brain death, by acute intracranial hypertension, minimizing hemodynamic changes, and reducing the inflammatory response improving, therefore, the graft outcome. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (250 - 350 g) anesthetized (5 % isoflurane) and continuously monitored to record mean arterial pressure, underwent insertion of a catheter into the epidural space, at the thoracic level. Brain death was induced by acute intracranial hypertension by inflating an intracranially inserted Fogarty catheter. The animals (n = 28) were divided into 4 groups: saline group - infusion of 20 uL of saline through the epidural catheter before induction of brain death; pre-bup group - infusion of 20 uL of bupivacaine through epidural catheter before induction of brain death; bup-20 group - infusion of 20 uL of bupivacaine through epidural catheter 20 min after induction of brain death; bup-60 group - infusion of 20 uL of bupivacaine through epidural catheter 60 min after induction of brain death. After 6 h the animals were exsanguinated. Serum and cardiac tissue concentrations of cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1beta and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alfa, were performed by ELISA. The endothelial adhesion molecules, vascular adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1, proteins involved in apoptosis, Bcl-2 and caspase-3, and ?-actin were evaluated in myocardial tissue by immunohistochemistry. Longitudinal sections of the heart were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and evaluated for the presence of edema, vascular congestion and leukocyte infiltration. White blood cell counts were obtained prior to induction of brain death, 3 and 6 h thereafter. RESULTS: Clinical signs of brain death, fixed dilated pupils and absence of corneal reflex, were observed immediately after catheter insuflation. The sudden increase in mean arterial pressure was observed in all animals except in those receiving bupivacaine prior to brain death induction (pre-bup) (p<0.05). There was a marked and progressive leukopenia in all groups. Cytokine levels, IL-1beta and TNF-alfa, in serum and cardiac tissue, showed no significant differences among groups. Adhesion molecules, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, the proteins, Bcl-2, caspase-3 and ?-actin, and the histological analysis of the myocardium showed no significant differences among groups. CONCLUSIONS: The thoracic epidural anesthesia was effective to block the hypertensive peak associated with brain death. However, this blockage does not correlate to changes in the levels of cytokines, expression of adhesion molecules and expression of apoptosis-linked proteins, and alfa-actin. Furthermore, no changes in histological analysis and white blood cell counts were observed. The autonomic storm does not seem to be responsible for the activation of the inflammatory response and, ultimately, for the myocardial dysfunction associated with brain death
Gamarra, Carmen Justina. "Magnitude da mortalidade por câncer do colo do útero no Brasil, 1996-2005". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=5014.
Texto completoThis study aimed to correct the magnitude of registered deaths from cancer of the cervix in Brazil, and analyze the magnitude of mortality from this cancer and its association with social indicators in the states of the Northeast region, Brazil, in the period 1996 to 2005. For correction of under-registration, we used the factors created by the Global Burden of Disease Project in Brazil-1998. To redistribute the categories of diagnosis unknown, incomplete or poorly defined deaths, identified in the information system on mortality, was used the methodology of proportional redistribution, except the missing data of age, corrected by imputation. The corrections were applied to each state of the country, by sex and age group, and the results presented for Brazil and each major region and their respective geographical areas (capital, other cities and metropolitan areas of the interior). Temporal trends of mortality were analyzed using simple linear regression for each state of the region. Index percentage change was used to determine the variability of the magnitude of the rates before and after correction of the deaths. By linear regression, we analyzed the behavior of the correction and the correlations between the socio-economic indicators and mortality rates for cervical cancer with and without correction. After the correction, the mortality rates for cervical cancer in Brazil showed a percentile increment of 103.4%, with variation of 35% for capitals of South region, 339% for the interior of Northeastern region. Positive correlations between some socioeconomic indices and non -corrected rates, and negative association the same indices and fixed rates were evidenced. With others socioeconomic indices, the opposite behavior was observed. The results showed consistency in geographical terms and in relation to findings in the literature, allowing concluding that the proposed methodology was appropriate to correct the magnitude of the mortality rates for cervical cancer in the country. If comparative analysis on the socio-economic conditions and the behavior of this cancer are estimated without any knowledge about the quality and coverage of registration of deaths, wrong conclusions could be obtained. Considering the corrected magnitude of this disease we can affirm that cervical cancer in Northeastern region of Brazil is a problem bigger than the stated in the official reports. However, the results suggest that control and early detection programs developed in this country has shown positive results.
Camillo, Marcos Henrique Marçal. "Avaliação de uma metodologia para restabelecimento de energia baseada em algoritmos evolutivos multi-objetivos no sistema de distribuição de energia da COPEL na cidade de Londrina". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18154/tde-03012014-100203/.
Texto completoThe development of a reliable distribution system is certainly a challenge to electrical industry professionals. However, these systems are subject to failures and thus the fast restoration brings customer satisfaction and reduces the compensation paid by the electricity utilities. In this context, this dissertation aims to evaluate the methodology for service restoration called \"AEMT-H\", which is based on multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and in the data structure called Node Depth Encoding (NDE). This evaluation will occur by applying the \"AEMT-H\" to obtain service restoration plans considering the occurrence of simple faults in the COPEL system of the city of Londrina. The obtained results will bee valuated statistically and subjectively by professionals of the Distribution Operation Center. It is important to highlight that Evolutionary algorithms have shown promising results to treat the service restoration problem in distribution systems. In particular, the results obtained when using NDE tocomputationally represent the electrical topology of large distribution systems (with thousand of buses and switchers) are very interesting in terms of time processing (in the order of seconds). The system of Londrina has 30,156 buses, 2,660 switchers normally closed, 250 switchers normally opened and supplies a universe of more than 231,000 consumers connected directly to the system with voltage of 13.8 kV or, after distribution transformers, with voltages of 220V and 127V. This system contains 6 substations 138 kV/13,8 kV and 64 feeders, and a installed power of 541.7 MVA.
Zanini, Roselaine Ruviaro. "Modelos multiníveis aplicados ao estudo da mortalidade infantil no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, de 1994 a 2004". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/10589.
Texto completoCONTEXT: The Infant Mortality Coefficient (IMC), that express the risk of a bornalive baby die before completing one year of life, is considered one of the most efficient sensors of social, economic and ethical development, and its following allows to infer on the population life quality. In Rio Grande do Sul this coefficient has presented a decreasing trend, remaining below national average. However, to extend the understanding determinants of infant mortality can contribute in the elaboration of policies and specific health programs. Several risk factors are mentioned in literature, and the majority of them are evidenced in studies that disrespect the existing hierarchy in data. However, children who live in certain regions can present similar characteristics, when compared to others who live in different regions. Thus, classical techniques of analysis that estimate independence between comments, can produce biased estimates. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to use the systems of information data to analyze the evolution and determinants of infant mortality and their components in Rio Grande do Sul from 1994 to 2004, as well as to identify the factors associated to neonatal mortality, in 2003, considering individual and contextual characteristics. METHOD: For the evolution analysis a longitudinal ecologic study was carried out, considering repeated-measures and multilevel linear regression, with microregions in level 2 and time in level 1. To identify the determinants associated to neonatal death, a historic cohort was used to link births recorded from 01/01/2003 to 12/03/2003 with the originated neonatal deaths of these births. These factors were estimated and compared by classic and multilevel logistic regression models. RESULTS: It was verified that the infant mortality rate decreased from 19.2 to 15.2 per thousand live births, and the main causes of infant deaths in the last five years has been perinatal affections (54.10%). Approximately 47% of the variation in mortality rates occurred at a microregion level, being that 10% increase in Family Health Program coverage was associated to the reduction of 1‰ in infant mortality, and an increase of 10% in poverty rate was associated to an increase of 2.1‰ in infant deaths. Also, there was positive association with the proportion of low weight and hospital bed rates in the population and, negative, with the proportion of caesarean sections and hospital rates. Low birthweight, Apgar scores at 1 and at 5 minutes lower 8, presence of congenital abnormality, caesarean section, pre-term birth and previous fetal loss were associated to neonatal deaths in the classical model. In the multilevel model, previous fetal loss did not remain significant, but the inclusion of contextual variable indicated that 15% of neonatal mortality variation can be explained by the variability in rates of poverty in each microregion. CONCLUSIONS: This study evidenced the predominance of individual factors in infant and neonatal mortality, but it demonstrated that the multilevel analysis was capable of identifying contextual effects, making directed actions to the susceptible groups possible.