Literatura académica sobre el tema "Sistema immunitario (Immune system)"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Sistema immunitario (Immune system)"
Maddock, Clementine y Carmine M. Pariante. "How does stress affect you? An overview of stress, immunity, depression and disease". Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 10, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2001): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00005285.
Texto completoRoberto Chavarette, Fábio, Roberto Outa, Igor Feliciani Merizio, Thiago Carreta Moro, Simone Silva Frutuoso de Souza y Fernando Parra dos Anjos Lima. "RECONHECIMENTO DE FALHAS ESTRUTURAIS UTILIZANDO SISTEMA IMUNOLOGICO ARTIFICIAL WAVELET". COLLOQUIUM EXACTARUM 12, n.º 4 (23 de febrero de 2021): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2020.v12.n4.e342.
Texto completoZárate-Ramos, Rosa Andrea, Sorely Adelina Sosa-Luis y William de Jesús Ríos-Ríos. "El sistema inmunitario en la salud y la enfermedad". RA RIÓ GUENDARUYUBI 3, n.º 8 (17 de enero de 2020): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53331/rar.v3i8.5123.
Texto completoAquino-Domínguez, Alba Soledad, María de los Ángeles Romero-Tlalolini y Sergio Roberto Aguilar-Ruiz. "Los receptores del sistema inmunitario innato". RA RIÓ GUENDARUYUBI 5, n.º 15 (15 de mayo de 2022): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53331/rar.v5i15.2463.
Texto completoCadavid, Luis F. "RESOLUCIÓN DE CONFLICTOS AL INTERIOR DEL ORGANISMO: EL PAPEL DEL SISTEMA INMUNE". Acta Biológica Colombiana 21, n.º 1Supl (8 de marzo de 2016): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v21n1supl.50973.
Texto completoMoro, Thiago Carreta, Fábio Roberto Chavarette, Luiz Gustavo Pereira Roéfero y Roberto Outa. "DETECÇÃO DE FALHAS ESTRUTURAIS DE UM PRÉDIO DE DOIS ANDARES UTILIZANDO SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO ARTIFICIA". Colloquium Exactarum, Vol.11 N.4 11, n.º 4 (17 de diciembre de 2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ce.2019.v11.n4.e298.
Texto completoSilva, Remersson Thaysnan da, Amanda Tavares Pinto Fernandes de Oliveira e. Silva, Natália Chagas de Oliveira, Marcos Vinicius Luz de Oliveira y Jean Jeyfison de Souza Mendonça. "ALERGIAS ALIMENTARES NA INFÂNCIA: SISTEMA IMUNOLÓGICO E FATORES ENVOLVIDOS¹ / FOOD ALLERGIES IN CHILD: IMMUNE SYSTEM AND FACTORS INVOLVED". Brazilian Journal of Development 6, n.º 9 (2020): 66324–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv6n9-170.
Texto completoBarros, Dayane de Melo, Marcela de Albuquerque Melo, Danielle Feijó De Moura, Alicya Beatriz de Santana Pereira, Mariana Vieira Cunha Barros, Juliane Suelen Silva Dos Santos, Andreza Luana Barbosa Da Silva et al. "A importância dos nutrientes na otimização do sistema imunológico / The importance of nutrients in optimizing the immune system". Brazilian Journal of Health Review 4, n.º 5 (15 de octubre de 2021): 22180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.34119/bjhrv4n5-316.
Texto completoMendes, Ana Carla Da Silva, Laryza Souza Soares, Pedro De Sousa Leite, Natália Moreira Garcia Feitosa, Amanda Parente de Alencar Novais, Thiago Moreira de Alencar, Marcus Vinicius De Macedo Fernandes, Italo Wanderson De Moura Gabriel, Jandir Alves Furtado y Djailson Ricardo Malheiro. "A Intrínseca Relação provocada no Sistema Imunológico pelo Tabagismo no processo de desenvolvimento da Tuberculose / The Intrinsic Relationship caused in the Immune System by Smoking in the Tuberculosis development process". ID on line REVISTA DE PSICOLOGIA 13, n.º 48 (29 de diciembre de 2019): 396–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/idonline.v13i48.2304.
Texto completoSouza, Simone Silva Frutuoso de, Fábio Roberto Chavarette y Fernando Parra dos Anjos Lima. "Wavelet artificial immune system algorithm applied to the faults aeronautical structural monitoring / Algoritmo do sistema imune artificial Wavelet aplicado a falhas monitoramento estrutural aeronáutico". Brazilian Journal of Development 8, n.º 4 (14 de abril de 2022): 27193–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n4-295.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Sistema immunitario (Immune system)"
Perrotta, Marialuisa. "A cholinergic-sympathetic pathway mediates the activation of immune system in hypertension". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi del Molise, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11695/83377.
Texto completoINGHESE, CRISTINA. "Exploitation of winery by-products as immune modulators in sheep". Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/369485.
Texto completoThis thesis focused on the potential reuse of winery by-products as immunomodulants in sheep. Recently, EU Parliament introduced the “Waste Framework Directive” (Directive 2008/98/EC) with the intent to promote the recycling and recovery of waste and by-products in order to obtain a secondary raw material. As describe in this directive a by-product is: a substance or object, resulting from a production process, the primary aim of which is not the production of that item. In this scenario is integrated the “zero waste economy” which is based on the circular economy concept. In this point of view waste can be used as new material to generate products. Nowadays, consumers are attentive to the healthiness and safety of animal products moreover, worldwide is generally accepted that industries generate a large amount of waste leading to a huge environmental impact. It is generally known that winery products contain considerable number of bioactive compounds mainly phenols with strong antioxidant activity, antimicrobial and anticancer activity, modulation of detoxification enzymes, activity on the immune system and modulation of hormone metabolism. Starting from this consideration this thesis is oriented to characterize two different oenological byproducts, wine lees and grape pomace, with the objective of extracting bioactive substances which can be used as supplements in sheep diet. This dissertation provides an in vitro overview of the immunomodulants properties of winery by-products extracts, so further researchers are required to evaluate their impact in vivo. The thesis is divided into three different trials. Winery by-products where collected at two local wineries: Cantine La Marchesa (Lucera, FG) and Cantine Pirro (Troia, FG), in order to support our economy, moreover the choice was made taking into account the vines processed in order to valorizate the Apulia Region production. The winery by-products chosen belong to local cultivar of Vitis Vinifera: Bombino and Trebbiano d’Abruzzo for white vinification (Cantine La Marchesa) and Nero di Troia for rosè and red vinification (Cantine Pirro). To operate in an “enviromentaly friendly” approach solvent and procedures were carefully chosen. In the first trial wine lees, classified as the residues remain at the bottom of recipients after wine production, were collected and submitted to extraction procedures in order to isolate bioactive compounds. The extraction of bioactive substances was conducted using a microwave assisted extraction (MAE) technique with low impact solvents such as water, ethanol and their mixture 1:1 and catalyser/no catalyser to increase the extraction yeald. In this experiment, three different wine lees from Bombino/Trebbiano d’Abruzzo in white vinifiaction and Nero di Troia in rosè and red vinification were submitted to MAE extraction operating at four different temperatures 50°C, 100°C, 150°C and 200°C then total phenols, antocians, flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity were assessed. MAE extracts were tested at 0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL on in vitro PBMC proliferation and cytokines’ production. In addition, an apoptosis ELISA assay was done to measure the presence of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins in cells supernatants. Wine lees extracts were submitted to a GC-MS/MS to investigate the presence of further compounds such as 5-hydroxymetylfurfural. An enzymatic determination of sulphites and organic acids was done to excludes the impact of these substances on wine lees’ antioxidant capacity. Results from this in vitro trial demonstrates that wine lees extracts contain a different total phenols content depends on the type of extraction solvent: white wine lees contains more flavonoids while Rosè lees contains more antocians and ABTS+ ability was higher in Red lees in water extraction. Tests on PBMCs confirm the hypothesis that wine lees are able to affect sheep immune system, reporting a reduction of their proliferation with all wine lees extracts. Even though no significative variation of pro-inflammatory cytokines were found, anti-inflammatory IFN-γ and IL-10 result augmented when Nero di Troia red wine lees in water (ReW) were added to PBMC, demonstrating an immunostimulatory effect of this wine lees extract which can be associated to the high scavenging activity of this extract. From GC-MS/MS analysis in Nero di Troia red wine lees extracted in water results the precense of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) to whose is connected the high ABTS+ capacity. Moreover, 5-HMF affected the apoptotic pathway through the BCl2 protein family resulting in an increment of the level of pro-apoptotic Bax proteins. In the second trial, MAE’ wine lees extracts in water at 200°C from previous trial were further extracted in separating funnel then purified by flash liquid chromatography (FLC) and submitted to a GC-MS/MS analysis. Results from gas chromatography report the presence of a family of diketopiperazines in these wine lees fractions with a different isomers distribution in different fractions. Based on these results fractions were merged and then two fractions (F1 and F2) of each wine lees where chosen and tested on in vitro PBMCs at two concentration 0.4 mg/mL and 0.8 mg/mL. This trial consist of two experiments conducted at two different temperatures simulating condition of thermal stress (43°C) for 24 h and condition of normothermia (37°C) for 48 hours; proliferation assay and cytokines determination were done for both experiment and, in addition, a mitochondrial health assay was conducted on cells cultivated in heat stress condition with EVOS FL Cell Imaging System (Thermo Fisher) using the HCS Mitochondrial Health Kit (Invitrogen). Recent studies revealed that diketopiperazines have antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial and immunstimulants properties. Results from this second trial report a marked decrement of lymphomonocytes proliferation and cells viability in condition of normothermia even more accentuated in thermal stress conditions. As concern the cytokines pattern, in condition of normothermia a decrement of IL-6 was observed in supernatants of cells harvested with WhF1, RoF1 0.8, ReF1 0.8 and ReF2 while an increment of IL-10 was observed in presence of White wine lees F2. Differently, in condition of thermal stress at 43°C, IL-6 undergone a reduction when cells were stimulated with F2 of each wine lees and with ReF1 0.8 while at 39°C a decrement was registered with RoF1 0.8. IFN-γ level increase in presence of ReF2 0.8 when administered in condition of thermal stress demonstrating the capacity of this wine lees fraction to increase anti-inflammatory cytokines at the expense of pro-antiflammatory cytokines. Third trial focused on grape pomace which consist mainly in grape skin and seeds. Nero di Troia grape pomace were collected and submitted to MAE extraction with water, ethanol and water/ethanol 1:1 and catalyser/no catalyser at 50°C, 100°C, 150°C and 200°C and then total phenols, antocians and flavonoids content and antioxidant capacity were assessed. Grape pomace extracts were tested on in vitro PBMC of sheep during transition period. Blood where collected 15 days (t1), 7 days (t2) before lambing, at lambing (t3) and 7 days (t4) after lambing. Results demonstrate a different impact on PBMC proliferation depending on the types of extracts; PBMCs proliferation increase respect to CS at t3 and t4 except in presence of 200°C extracts in water at both concentrations and in ethanol at 0.8 mg/mL that undergone to a decrement. This result could be associated with an immunosuppressive role of these extracts. The level of IL-6 resulted higher at all time of experiment when cells were stimulated with grape pomace extracted in water/ethanol or in ethanol at 150 and 200°C respectively. At day of lambing and seven days after, it was registered an increment of the level of IL-10. This cytokine and the IL-6 resulted both higher in some extracts and this effect can be linked to the activation of the innate immune response. Lastly, in this trial the level of the anti-inflammatory IFN-ɣ was higher in cells harvested with ethanol and catalyser and ethanol extracts seven days after lambing. From the above consideration is possible to assert that the reuse of winery by-products is possible to obtain bioactive compounds useful in animal nutrition thanks to their immunomodulants capacity. To sum up, wine lees extracts can be used as immunostimolants and antioxidants and their purified fractions, as obtained in the second trial, are useful as chemotherapeutic and anti-inflammatory compounds. Lastely, grape pomace can be used as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulants even in condition of stress linked to the transition period. Further studies can be directed to in vivo experiment in order to better understand the immune impact of these extracts and fractions with the last aim of sustaining animal immune response and meanwhile reducing the environmental impact of oenological by-products.
Fernández, Bravo Ana. "Epidemiology and pathogenic characterization of species of the genus Aeromonas". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667146.
Texto completoEl género Aeromonas incluye más de 32 especies, algunas de las cuales están distribuidas en el medio ambiente y se consideran autóctonas de los sistemas acuáticos. El objetivo principal de esta tesis fue contribuir al mejor conocimiento de la epidemiología y la patogenicidad de este género. En este trabajo se ha investigado la presencia de Aeromonas en diferentes fuentes de agua demostrando que el método de floculación de leche desnatada utilizado para detección de virus parece ser un buen método para la detección de estas. Además, el análisis de A. salmonicida, una especie asociada clásicamente con enfermedades en peces utilizando un modelo de ratón, confirmó que esta especie puede infectar mamíferos con diferentes niveles de patogenicidad. Teniendo en cuenta el aumento de las infecciones por Aeromonas en los últimos años, se han llevado a cabo colaboraciones con hospitales. También se demostró que el uso de MALDI-TOF para la identificación de Aeromonas aisladas de peces era poco precisa debido a las carencias en la base de datos. El uso de genomas, su comparación y el desarrollo de nuevas herramientas bioinformáticas, demostró ser útil para entender la función de las especies. En esta tesis doctoral se llevó a cabo la caracterización de la metalochaperona HypA previamente descrita en otros patógenos, demostrando el rol en la tolerancia al ácido del estómago y en la defensa de Aeromonas contra macrófagos. Además, se ha demostrado el rol de la toxina ExoA y el sistema de secreción tipo VI (SST6) en las infecciones mixtas que progresan en una fascitis necrotizante, mediante el estudio de cepas aisladas de un paciente de Estados Unidos. Finalmente, un estudio de la defensa de monocitos humanos contra Aeromonas se llevó a cabo. Los resultados demostraron una respuesta immune especie-específica, siendo más fuerte en las especies más prevalentes en clínica.
The genus Aeromonas includes more than 32 species, some of which are distributed in the environment and are considered to be indigenous to aquatic systems. The main objective of this thesis was to contribute to a better knowledge of the epidemiology and pathogenicity of this genus. In this work we have investigated the presence of Aeromonas in different water sources demonstrating the method of skimmed milk flocculation used for virus detection, it seems to be a good method for the detection of these bacteria. In addition, the analysis of A. salmonicida, a species classically associated with fish diseases using an in vivo model, confirmed that this species can infect mammals with different levels of pathogenicity. Considering the increase of infections by Aeromonas in recent years, different collaborations with university hospitals have been carried out to investigated different cases . It was also shown that the use of MALDI-TOF for the identification of Aeromonas spp isolated from clinical cases and fish was not precise due to the deficiencies in the database. The use of genomes, their comparison and the development of new bioinformatic tools, proved to be useful to understand the potential function of A. lusitana and A. salmonicida in the environment. In this doctoral thesis the metallochaperone HypA previously described with role in tolerance to stomach acid in other pathogens was characterized and in the defense of Aeromonas against macrophages. In addition, the role of the ExoA toxin and the type VI secretion system (T6SS) in mixed infections that progress in a necrotizing fasciitis have been demonstrated, using several mutant strains. Finally, a study of the defense of human monocytes against Aeromonas was performed. The results showed a species-specific immune response, that was higher in the most prevalent clinical species.
Diaz, Garrido Natalia. "Modulation of intestinal immune responses by microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673948.
Texto completoJulià, Manresa Marc. "Receptores del sistema inmunitario innato (Toll-like receptors y receptores de la Fc-gamma) y adaptativo (CD5 y CD6) como factores de susceptibilidad, modificadores de la enfermedad y respuesta al tratamiento biológico en psoriasis". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668023.
Texto completoPsoriasis is a chronic immuno-mediated inflammatory cutaneous disease characterized by the presence of erythematous and desquamative plaques tipically appearing in extension areas and the scalp. In its pathophysiology, multiple components of both the innate and adaptive immune system have been implicated. In this Doctoral Thesis, 4 original studies are presented analyzing different genetic polymorphisms of receptors belonging to both the innate (toll-like and Fc-gamma receptors) and adaptive immune system (CD5 and CD6) as potential factors that modify the phenotype, the susceptibility and the response to treatment in psoriasis. In addition, the first in vivo and in vitro experimental evidences of the involvement of CD6 lymphocyte receptor in psoriasis are provided.
Andrés, Rodríguez Laura. "Caracterització del perfil immunoinflamatori i efectes del Mindfulness en pacients amb fibromiàlgia". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670329.
Texto completoIntroducción: La Fibromialgia (FM) es un síndrome que cursa con dolor musculoesquelético generalizado y crónico, hiperalgesia y alodinia, rigidez muscular, fatiga, trastornos del sueño y presenta un alto porcentaje de patologías concomitantes, en un 84% de los casos en España. El impacto de la FM en el día a día suele ser severo y afecta a muchos niveles. Uno de los principales problemas de la investigación y la práctica clínica relacionadas con la FM es la ausencia de marcadores diagnósticos. En esta tesis doctoral se buscará definir el perfil inmunitario de las personas con FM, y se estudiará el papel en la fisiopatología y el mantenimiento de los síntomas de la FM. Por otro lado, a día de hoy no existe ningún tratamiento curativo para la FM. Las guías de tratamiento de la FM coinciden en recomendar intervenciones multidisciplinarias y multicomponente dirigidas a abordar la sintomatología concreta de cada paciente. Dentro de las intervenciones psicológicas, las intervenciones basadas en Mindfulness (MBIs) están resultando en una mejora de la calidad de vida y una reducción del deterioro funcional asociado a la enfermedad. Concretamente, la Reducción de Estrés Basada en Mindfulness (MBSR), añadida al tratamiento habitual, está teniendo buenos resultados en la mejora de la severidad de la FM y los síntomas asociados. Objetivos: Esta tesis se plantea en dos bloques, el primero se centra en caracterizar el perfil inmunológico de la FM mediante dos estudios. El primero es un estudio de casos y controles donde se comparan los perfiles inmunológicos de las pacientes con FM vs. un grupo de mujeres sanas, teniendo en cuenta posibles variables de confusión en los niveles de marcadores inflamatorios en sangre; y el segundo un metaanálisis, donde se busca contrastar los resultados obtenidos en el primer estudio teniendo en cuenta el conjunto de los datos publicados hasta el momento. En el segundo bloque de la tesis, el foco se pondrá en conocer qué efecto puede tener una intervención basada en mindfulness en la calidad de vida y los marcadores inmunitarios de las pacientes con FM. Conclusiones: Las personas con FM presentan un perfil inmunológico característico respecto de las personas que no padecen el síndrome, diferencia que se mantiene cuando se tienen en cuenta las variables de confusión. Este perfil inmunitario se caracteriza por una anómala regulación al alza de los fenotipos IRS y CIRS. Hemos visto que valores más bajos de IL-10 están significativamente relacionados con el diagnóstico de FM, al tiempo que niveles bajos de los marcadores inmunes IL-6, IL-10 y CXCL-8 ayudan a la predicción del nivel de dolor crónico de estas pacientes. El programa de MBSR ha sido eficaz para reducir la sintomatología clínica, la severidad, la afectación funcional, la sintomatología depresiva y el estrés percibido en pacientes con FM. Más allá de las medidas de autoinforme, el MBSR ha mantenido estables los niveles de IL-10, indicando una potencial capacidad de regulación de las alteraciones inmunitarias de la FM. Adicionalmente, hemos observado una relación entre niveles basales más elevados de CXCL-8 y una respuesta de menor eficacia en el tratamiento MBSR, en especial en la mejora del dolor. Asimismo, hemos encontrado una asociación similar entre niveles basales más elevados de los índices IL-6 / IL-10 y CXCL-8 / IL-10, y una menor mejora de la inflexibilidad psicológica tras la intervención de MBSR. Los resultados de esta tesis aportan nueva información respecto del perfil inmunitario de las personas que sufren de FM, y el potencial que tiene el MBSR como intervención coadyuvante.
Introduction: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome characterized by musculoskeletal pain, coupled with fatigue, stiffness, disordered sleep, perceived cognitive dysfunction, and mood disturbances. FM affects around 1.78% of worldwide population, and around 2.4% of Spanish population. Additionally, a high percentage of FM patients (84% in Spain) presents comorbid pathologies. FM impact on everyday life of patients who suffer it is usually severe and affects at multiple levels. One of the main problems in research and clinical practice related to FM is the lack of biomarkers for diagnose. The main aims of this thesis is to define the immune profile of people with FM, and to study the its role on the physiopathology and maintenance of FM symptomatology. Additionally, there are no curative treatments for FM. However, evidence-based guidelines on the treatment of FM agree on the recommendations of multidisciplinary and multicomponent interventions directed towards the specific symptomatology of each individual patient. Within psychological interventions, Mindfulness Based Interventions (MBIs), and specifically Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) are arising as promising interventions to accomplish a better quality of life, and a lesser impairment in functionality associated to FM. Objectives: This thesis is presented in two sections, the first is focused on determining the immunological differences between FM and CS through two studies. The first is a case-control study compares the immunological profiles of patients with FM vs a group of healthy women, controlling by cofounding variables; the second one is a meta-analysis, which seeks to contrast the results obtained in the first study considering the published data so far. In the second block of the thesis, the focus is on the mindfulness effects in clinical severity and the immune system of patients with FM. Conclusions FM patients present a characteristic immune-inflammatory profile, different from persons without the syndrome. These differences are maintained even after controlling by cofounding variables. This immune profile presents an anomalous upregulation of the IRS/CIRS phenotypes. Lower levels of IL-10 seem to be significantly related with the FM diagnose, while lower levels of IL-6, IL-10 and CXCL-8 contribute to the prediction of the chronic pain levels of these patients. MBSR is an effective intervention to reduce clinical symptomatology, severity, functional impairment, depressive symptomatology and perceived stress in patients with FM. Additionally, MBSR intervention had a significant effect on IL-10, since its levels decreased in the treatment as usual group, but not after MBSR, suggesting a potential effect of the intervention on the immune regulation in patients with FM. MBSR efficacy on reducing perceived pain was buffered when FM patients presented higher basal levels of CXCL-8. At the same time, there was a similar association between higher levels of IL-6/IL-10 and CXCL-8/IL-10 and less improvement in psychological inflexibility after MBSR. The results of this thesis provide new information regarding the immune profile of people suffering from FM, and the potential of MBSR as an adjuvant intervention.
Grases, Pintó Blanca. "Influència de la leptina i l’adiponectina sobre el sistema immunitari de rates lactants nascudes a terme i a preterme". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667433.
Texto completoNeonates are born with an immature immune system, which develops during the first stages of life. This early immaturity is more acute in preterm newborns. Breast milk contains numerous bioactive factors, such as adipokines (leptin and adiponectin). It has been described that they also have immunomodulatory properties. However, little is known about their effects in the development of the immune system in early life. On this basis, the aim of the present thesis was to establish the influence of a supplementation with leptin and adiponectin on the maturation of the systemic and intestinal immune system in term and preterm suckling rats. To achieve this goal, neonate Wistar rats born at term were daily supplemented with leptin or adiponectin throughout the suckling period. Regarding the systemic immune system, adipokine supplementation was able to modify the plasma immunoglobulin (Ig) pattern. Moreover, spleen lymphocyte composition and cytokine secretion were influenced by adipokine supplementations, without affecting their proliferative ability. In the case of the intestinal immune system, adipokine supplementations produced changes in cytokine production and also in the lymphocyte composition of both the inductor and effector compartments of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Furthermore, adiponectin was able to enhance the proliferation of lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes. Adipokine supplementation also changed the expression of genes involved in the innate immune response and intestinal maturation and modified the microbiota composition. To accomplish the second part of the goal – evaluate the influence of one of the adipokines in premature conditions− a preterm rat model was established. Preterm rats, born by a Caesarean, showed affectation in several biomarkers of innate and adaptive immunity. Using this model, premature rats were supplemented with leptin during the first 17 days of life. Results showed that leptin supplementation was able to counteract some of the alterations produced by prematurity, such as the changes in phagocytic activity of monocytes, plasma Ig concentrations, intestinal permeability, goblet cell size and the expression of particular intestinal genes. Overall, leptin and adiponectin supplementation during suckling promote the systemic and the intestinal immune system maturation in rats born at term. In the case of leptin, this effect was also demonstrated in preterm conditions.
Massot, Cladera Malen. "Efecte dels components bioactius del cacau sobre la microbiota i el sistema immunitari intestinal de rata". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/361098.
Texto completoIn the last few years, cocoa has become one of the main subjects of study due to its high content in flavonoids. Several studies have associated the cocoa intake with health benefits. Moreover, immunomodulatory properties in rats have been also attributed to cocoa. On this basis, the aim of the present thesis was to establish the impact of diets enriched with cocoa, cocoa flavonoids or cocoa fiber on the fecal microbiota composition and its activity as well as on the immune function in the gut. To achieve this objective, preclinical studies were carried out in rats fed a 10% conventional cocoa-enriched diet, diets elaborated with different amounts of non- fermented cocoa extracts and cocoa fiber diet. Regarding microbiota results, differential composition pattern was observed after all the experimental diets intake but only the cocoa fiber diet increased the Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp. proportion. In addition, the cocoa fiber diet was the one which caused the most pronounced changes in the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production. Particularly, it increased the cecal and fecal concentration of acetic, propionic and butyric acids. Moreover, both the 10%-cocoa diet and cocoa fiber diets differentially modulated the TLR gene expression in the colon. Concerning the mucosal immunoglobulin production, all cocoa polyphenol-enriched diets modulated the intestinal IgA secretion although this effect was not proportional to their flavonoid content. The cocoa fiber diet also exerted an effect on intestinal IgA secretion but in a different way depending on the compartment. Focusing on the extraintestinal compartment, although the cocoa fiber diet showed the same down- modulatory effect on IgA and IgM secretion as the cocoa diet, its mechanisms were different. In addition, all cocoa flavonoid-enriched diets decreased IgA-coated bacteria proportion in a non-dose dependent manner whereas this percentage increased by the cocoa fiber intake The 10% cocoa diet was the only one that caused a slower body weight gain. This effect is correlated with the microbiota modulation. The change induced by cocoa diet on the expression of genes involved in the lipid metabolism in the colon could be also involved. Regarding the urinary metabolites, the cocoa and the coca fiber diets caused differential metabolic profile that can be used as consumption marker. The metabolic fingerprint correlated well with the body weight, the metabolic hormones, the intestinal immunity and the microbiota composition. Moreover, all these variables showed also an association between them. Therefore, the effects produced by cocoa intake are due to the differential effects caused by each one of its main bioactive compounds - polyphenols and fiber - which act in a synergistic or opposite manner depending on the variable. Other cocoa compounds are also involved in such effects.
Corral, Pujol Marta. "Estudis de la Resposta Immunitària en els contextos d'Autoimmunitat i Immunitat Tumoral: models de Diabetis Tipus 1 i Melanoma Cutani". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673097.
Texto completoLa función del sistema inmunitario es eliminar cualquier agente infeccioso o célula dañada, propocionando una protección a largo plazo contra estos. Además, dispone de diferentes mecanismos de selección y tolerancia para controlar a los linfocitos autorreactivos. Defectos en la regulación de estos mecanismos pueden dar lugar a la aparición de enfermedades autoinmunes como la Diabetes Tipo 1 (T1D), que se caracteriza por la destrucción selectiva de las células β pancreáticas. A pesar de que éstas son la principal diana del ataque autoinmunitario, no son la única. Alteraciones en las neuronas sensoriales aferentes que inervan el páncreas y que tienen sus cuerpos celulares en los ganglios dorsales raquídeos (DRG), se han relacionado con el desarrollo de la T1D. En el presente trabajo, se realizó un análisis de la expresión de ARNm en células de los DRG que demuestra la presencia de alteraciones funcionales en este tipo celular, avalando la hipótesis de que la T1D es una enfermedad multisistémica y que, entre el conjunto de células afectadas por el ataque autoinmunitario, se podrían encontrar también las células de los DRG. Estas presentan un conjunto de alteraciones en la expresión de varias proteínas que podrían generar una respuesta autoinmune contra autoantígenos tanto del Sistema Nervioso Periférico como de las células β. Algunas de estas alteraciones se observaron también en leucocitos de sangre periférica, convirtiéndose en posibles biomarcadores de susceptibilidad a desarrollar T1D. Sin embargo, habría que hacer más estudios para comprender el papel de esta neurodegeneración en el desarrollo de la T1D así como para determinar qué genes podrían ser buenos biomarcadores para detectar pacientes susceptibles a desarrollar T1D. Paralelamente a los estudios de las células de los DRG, en el transcurso del estudio del papel de la periferina como autoantígeno en la T1D, se vió que uno de los péptidos derivados de esta molécula (DIF-P) estimulaba la producción de citoquinas proinflamatorias por parte de los monocitos e inducía la muerte de distintos tipos celulares. Además, estas propiedades funcionales estaban alteradas cuando se modificaba el péptido con una cola de 3 lisinas (DIF-P3K) o de 8 argininas (DIF-P8R), probablemente debido a que estas colas de aminoácidos los convertían en péptidos penetrantes celulares (CPPs) y permitían su mejor internalización. Dadas las propiedades citotóxicas y inmunoestimuladoras de DIF-P, DIF-P3K y DIF-P8R, se decidió dar un salto a los estudios in vivo para estudiar su potencial como agentes immunterapéuticos contra el cáncer. Los diferentes estudios in vivo realizados hasta el momento demuestran la actividad antitumoral de los péptidos DIF en los modelos de melanoma y mastocitoma, indicando su uso potencial en el tratamiento de cáncer humano, ya sea como agentes citostáticos y/o inmunoterapéuticos, y de este modo pasar a formar parte del arsenal terapéutico de esta enfermedad.
The main function of the immune system is to eliminate any infectious agents or damaged cells, providing long-term protection against them. Moreover, it has different selection and tolerance mechanisms in order to control self-reactive lymphocytes. Defects in the regulation of these mechanisms can lead to the onset of autoimmune diseases such as Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), which is characterized by the selective destruction of pancreatic β cells. Although these cells are the main target of the autoimmune attack, they are not the only one. Alterations in the afferent sensory neurons innervating the pancreas and having their cell bodies in the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) have been linked to T1D development. In the present study, we performed an analysis of mRNA expression in DRG that demonstrates the presence of functional alterations in this cell type, supporting the hypothesis that T1D is a multisystemic disease and that DRG cells can be found among the set of cells affected by the autoimmune attack. These cells present a set of alterations in the expression of various proteins that could generate an autoimmune response against autoantigens of both the Peripheral Nervous System and β cells. Some of these alterations were also found in peripheral blood leukocytes, suggesting their possible role as biomarkers of susceptibility to develope T1D. However, further studies are needed to better understand the role of this neurodegeneration in the development of T1D as well as to determine which genes could be good biomarkers for detecting patients susceptible to develope T1D. In parallel with the DRG cells studies, in the course of the study of the role of peripherin as an autoantigen in T1D, it was seen that one of the peptides derived from this molecule (DIF-P) stimulated the production of proinflammatory cytokines by monocytes as well as inducing the death of various cell types. In addition, these functional properties were altered when the peptide was modified with a 3-lysine (DIF-P3K) or 8-arginine (DIF-P8R) tail, probably because these amino acid tails turn them into Cell Penetrating Peptides (CPPs) allowing for better internalization. Given the cytotoxic and immunostimulatory properties of DIF-P, DIF-P3K, and DIF-P8R, it was decided to make a leap into in vivo studies to study their potential as immunotherapeutic agents against cancer. The different in vivo studies performed so far demonstrate the antitumor activity of DIF peptides in the models of melanoma and mastocytoma, indicating their potential use in the treatment of human cancer, either as cytostatic and/or immunotherapeutic agents, and this way become part of the therapeutic arsenal of this disease.
Galiano, Landeira Jordi. "Etiopathogenic relevance of CD8+ T cells in Parkinson’s disease". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673969.
Texto completoDiferentes estudios han señalado la importancia del sistema inmune adaptativo en la etiopatogenia de la enfermedad de Parkinson (PD). La infiltración de linfocitos T se ha descrito tanto en modelos animales como en tejido postmortem humano. Algunos autores han propuesta las modificaciones post-traduccionales de la α-sinucleína como posible antígeno que induzca la respuesta inmune adaptativa. Por lo tanto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis fue determinar si los linfocitos T participan en el inicio y la progresión de la PD. Además, queríamos saber si la α-sinucleína se comportaba como un neoantígeno. Analizamos y caracterizamos fenotípicamente los linfocitos T que infiltran la substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) en tejido postmortem humano en diferentes etapas de la enfermedad. Tejido de PD y casos incidentales de cuerpos de Lewy (iLBD), los cuales son considerados un estadio inicial pre-motor de la enfermedad, fueron analizados. Estudiamos la relación entre la infiltración de linfocitos T con la muerte de neuronas dopaminérgicas y la sinucleinopatía, dos piedras angulares de la enfermedad. Detectamos una infiltración bifásica de linfocitos T citotóxicos CD8+ (CTL) en la SNpc. Inesperadamente, el primer y más importante pico se produce cuando la sinucleinopatía y la muerte dopaminérgica aún no están establecidas. La infiltración de CTL se reduce cuando la sinucleinopatía y la muerte dopaminérgica empiezan. La infiltración de CTL vuelve a aumentar en los casos de PD donde la densidad de linfocitos T CD8+ correlaciona con la pérdida neuronal. Resultados parecidos fueron obtenidos en otra área cerebral afectada en la PD como es el locus coeruleus (LC). El hecho que los CTLs contactasen con neuronas dopaminérgicas y correlacionasen con su pérdida, sugiere un posible rol en la muerte dopaminérgica. Más específicamente, detectamos que los CTLs expresaban maquinaria citotóxica como granzimas e interferón-g. La infiltración de CTLs granzimas+ en la SNpc estaba augmentada en casos iLBD indicando una respuesta inmune adaptativa aguda en estadios iniciales de la enfermedad. Un elevado porcentaje de CTLs eran linfocitos T memoria residentes de tejido identificados por CD103. La presentación antigénica vía microglía MHC-II+ estaba reducida en estadios iniciales de la enfermedad. Bajas densidades de microglía MHC-II+ tipo ameboide/activada correlacionaban con más pérdida dopaminérgica, sugiriendo un rol positivo de la microglía MHC-II+. Para determinar el mejor modelo roedor con la intención de analizar el rol de los linfocitos T, caracterizamos la respuesta inmune adaptativa en ratones inyectados con MPTP y en ratas que sobre-expresaban α-sinucleína. Encontramos una infiltración transitoria de linfocitos T CD4+ y CD8+ que precedían la muerte dopaminérgica en el modelo MPTP subaguda y que correlacionaban con una afectación estriatal. Aún así, la eliminación de la tolerancia inmunitaria vía la depleción de los Tregs no augmentó el daño nigroestriatal. Finalmente, también observamos la infiltración de linfocitos T CD4 y CD8+ en la SNpc en ratas sobre-expresando α-sinucleína. No obstante, estas ratas no mostraban ni cambios motores ni daño nigroestriatal. En conclusión, la respuesta inmune adaptativa en cerebros de casos con la PD es diferente a la observada en modelos animales de la enfermedad. En la SNpc, los linfocitos T CD4+ no están augmentados y la infiltración de CTL precede la sinucleinopatía. Estos resultados señalan el hecho que la α-sinucleína no parace ser el antígeno que provoca un ataque citotóxico. En general, esta tesis ha demostrado que la infiltración de CTL es un evento inicial en la enfermedad precediendo tanto la muerte dopaminérgica como la sinucleinopatía. Por lo tanto, el sistema inmune adaptativo puede ser una buena diana terapéutica tanto en estados iniciales como finales de la enfermedad. Aún así, urge la necesidad de establecer nuevos modelos animales que recapitulen la respuesta humana inmune adaptativa.
Mounting evidence has pointed out that the adaptive immune system has an important role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) etiopathogenesis. T cell infiltration has been described in both PD experimental animal models and post-mortem human tissue. Some authors have proposed α-synuclein posttranslational modifications as the antigen eliciting this adaptive immune response. Thus, the main goal of this thesis was to determine whether T cells participate in the onset and progression of the disease. Moreover, we wanted to know whether α-synuclein behaved as a neoantigen. In order to overcome this, we analyzed and phenotypically characterized substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) infiltrating T cells in post-mortem human tissue at distinct disease stages. PD and incidental Lewy Body disease (iLBD) cases, which are considered to be an early pre-motor stage of the disorder, were analyzed. We studied the relationship between T cell infiltration with dopaminergic cell loss and synucleinopathy, two hallmarks of the disorder. We found a biphasic SNpc CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration. Strikingly, the first and highest peak was found when synucleinopathy and dopaminergic cell loss were not established. SNpc CTL infiltration subsided when synucleinopathy and dopaminergic cell loss started. SNpc CTL infiltration again increased in PD cases where CD8+ T cell densities correlated with neuronal death. Similar results were also obtained in another PD brain affected area such as locus coeruleus (LC). The fact that SNpc CTLs made contact with dopaminergic neurons and correlated with dopaminergic cell loss, suggests a likely role in dopaminergic cell death. To delve further into this concept, we found that SNpc CTLs expressed cytotoxic machinery i.e. granzymes and interferon-g. Infiltrating SNpc granzyme+ CTLs were found increased in iLBD cases indicating an acute adaptive immune response in early stages of the disease. A high percentage of SNpc CTLs were tissue resident memory T cells identified by CD103 expression. Antigen presentation by means of MHC class-II+ microglia was reduced in early stages of the disease. Low densities of ameboid/activated MHC class-II+ microglial cells correlated with higher dopaminergic cell loss, suggesting a positive role of MHC class-II+ microglia in the disease. To determine the best rodent model to assess the T cell role in PD, we characterized the immune response in MPTP injected mice and rats overexpressing α-synuclein. We found a transient CD4+ and CD8+ T cell infiltration preceding dopaminergic cell death in the subacute MPTP injected mice which correlated with striatal damage. Nonetheless, breaking immune tolerance through systemic Treg depletion did not increase nigrostriatal damage. Finally, we also observed CD4+ and CD8+ T cell SNpc infiltration in rats overexpressing α-synuclein. However, these rats did show neither behavioural motor changes nor nigrostriatal damage. To conclude, human PD-specific brain adaptive immune response reported in our study is different to the one observed in PD experimental animal models. In SNpc human tissue CD4+ T cells were not elevated, and CTL infiltration preceded synucleinopathy. These results point out the fact that α-synuclein seems not to be the antigen for the cytotoxic attack elicited by CD8+ T cells. Overall, this thesis demonstrated that CTL infiltration is an early event of the disease preceding both α-synuclein deposition and dopaminergic cell loss. Thus, targeting the adaptive immune response in both early and late stages of the disease may have beneficial effects. Nevertheless, there is a need to establish new PD experimental animal models which recapitulate the human adaptive immune response.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Neurociències
Libros sobre el tema "Sistema immunitario (Immune system)"
Konstantinova, I. V. Sistema immuniteta v ėkstremalʹnykh uslovii͡a︡kh: Kosmicheskai͡a︡ immunologii͡a︡. Moskva: "Nauka", 1988.
Buscar texto completoH, Lichtman Andrew, ed. Basic immunology: Functions and disorders of the immune system. 2a ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 2006.
Buscar texto completo1954-, Male David K., ed. Immunology. 7a ed. [Edinburgh]: Mosby Elsevier, 2006.
Buscar texto completoReid, Kenneth B. M., 1943- y Sim Robert B, eds. Molecular aspects of innate and adaptive immunity. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2008.
Buscar texto completoVeterinary immunology: An introduction. 5a ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1996.
Buscar texto completo1947-, Lewis R. E., ed. Atlas of immunology. 2a ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2004.
Buscar texto completoCruse, Julius M. Atlas of immunology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1999.
Buscar texto completoTizard, Ian R. Veterinary immunology: An introduction. 4a ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1992.
Buscar texto completoTizard, Ian R. Veterinary immunology: An introduction. 3a ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1987.
Buscar texto completoHansen, Grace. Sistema Inmunológico (Immune System). ABDO Publishing Company, 2019.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Sistema immunitario (Immune system)"
Lapčević, Milivoje. "INSTRUMENTI RACIONALIZACIJE BUDžETSKOG SISTEMA UJEDINjENOG KRALjEVSTVA". En USKLAĐIVANjE pravnog sistema Srbije sa standardima Evropske unije: Knj.9, 681–91. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/upssix.681l.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Sistema immunitario (Immune system)"
AZIZ, NURA TAREK ALI ABDEL, ALEXANDRE EUSTÁQUIO REZENDE ALMEIDA FILHO, ISABELLA MARTINS CANUTO PONTES DA SILVA y MARIA LUÍSA MIRELLE DUARTE. "REPERCUSSÕES TROMBOEMBÓLICAS DA COVID-19 E SUAS RELAÇÕES COM O SISTEMA IMUNE". En II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/5990.
Texto completoPinto, Julia Massotti, EDUARDA MAIOCHI, ISADORA ANTONINI AGNE, LETICIA WOINAROVICZ y PHELIPE DOS SANTOS SOUZA. "PARKINSON: UMA REVISÃO IMUNOLÓGICA". En II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/6792.
Texto completoFERNANDES, BEATRIZ APARECIDA, FERNANDO DE SANTANA SILVA, ISADORA NASCIMENTO DE CARVALHO, ANA IZABELLE FRANCELINO DOS SANTOS, FLÁVIA PEIXOTO DA SILVA GUIMARÃES y RENATO FARIA LOBO. "MODIFICAÇÕES IMUNOLÓGICAS DOS INDIVÍDUOS ACOMETIDOS PELO SARSCOV-2: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA". En II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/5848.
Texto completoPinto, Cassiane da Silva Portela y MARCELLO VIEIRA DOS SANTOS. "RESPOSTA IMUNE NO TRATO URINÁRIO". En II Congresso Brasileiro de Imunologia On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/ii-conbrai/5963.
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