Tesis sobre el tema "Sistema europeo"
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Bologna, Giulia <1988>. "La qualità della comunicazione del sistema turistico europeo". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/2017.
Texto completoHonorato, Torrealba Rodolfo Francisco. "La marca no registrada : Sistema comunitario europeo y derecho chileno". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/107014.
Texto completoEn el contexto internacional, las marcas siempre han tenido un rol protagónico, especialmente en el aspecto comercial. Ellas son portadoras del signo distintivo de un producto o servicio, y ello tiene un valor que debe ser protegido, el que se irá acrecentando o disminuyendo en cuanto el titular de la marca pueda penetrar o no en el mercado. Prueba de lo anterior, han sido las diversas normativas dictadas para tal efecto, como el CUP, los Arreglos de Madrid y de Niza, el ADPIC, etc. De ahí su importancia en la globalización actual, donde la libre circulación de mercancías y la libre prestación de servicios es un principio básico. Las marcas distinguen e identifican en el mercado las características y origen de los productos y servicios, por lo que desempeñan un rol dinamizador. En Chile, este proceso no se materializa en un derecho regional (como podría ocurrir con el reingreso del país al Pacto Andino de Naciones). No obstante, la Ley 19.039 que establece normas aplicables a los privilegios industriales y protección de los derechos de propiedad industrial, ha ido asumiendo las diversas exigencias que rigen a nivel internacional, mediante la adecuación a los diversos instrumentos internacionales y tratados de libre comercio suscritos por el país. El presente trabajo aborda la figura de la marca no registrada desde la perspectiva de su regulación en la legislación chilena y en la Comunidad Europea. A lo largo de estas páginas, primero se contextualizará el plano internacional, comunitario europeo y nacional; luego se desarrollarán los sistemas marcarios que existen hoy en día, y posteriormente se estudiará la figura de la marca no registrada abordándola a partir de las cuestiones propias de cualquier marca, registrada o no. El trabajo se abocará al estudio pormenorizado de la figura en cuestión, confrontando permanentemente los ordenamientos chileno y europeo, para así establecer las diferencias existentes entre éstas y las marcas registradas, las facultades que tienen los titulares de cada tipo de marca en ambos sistemas, y el rol que juega el registro dentro éstos. Ello para llegar a la cuestión final relativa al estatuto legal de las marcas no registradas, determinando qué acciones y defensas asisten a sus titulares tanto en Chile como en la Comunidad Europea.
ALIANO, MAURO. "Globalizzazione e sistema bancario europeo: Determinanti e impatto sulla redditività". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266754.
Texto completoHernández, Vásquez Cristián Edmundo. "El euro y el sistema monetario europeo : análisis descriptivo y perspectivas". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2002. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/113641.
Texto completoEl 1 de enero de 2002, entró en circulación el euro como moneda única en doce países de Europa. Desaparecen así cada una de las monedas nacionales de estos países, que son sustituidas por una moneda única y común. Con ello, lógicamente, se hace necesario todo un nuevo y tremendamente complejo engranaje: instituciones supranacionales, acuerdos y negociaciones, un banco central para toda la zona en cuestión, replanteamientos para la empresa privada, coordinaciones de las más variadas clases y estilos y, en general, la firme convicción de que se gana más de lo que se pierde. Así, la zona del euro se convierte en una especie de experimento económico y social, en el que se ha traspasado la frontera de la cooperación bilateral y los acuerdos de libre comercio. En este experimento –sin querer usar un sentido peyorativo en dicho concepto-, las sociedades tienen la posibilidad de ser parte de un sistema en que otras sociedades, tan distintas y diversas, cohabitan y se desenvuelven en los más variados ámbitos, que no sólo se circunscriben a lo meramente económico. Reconozcamos eso sí, que el eje de esta unión corresponde al pilar que da la cohesión económica, representada simbólicamente por el euro y sus instituciones.
Agrifoglio, Giangabriele <1978>. "L'abuso di dipendenza economica nel sistema del diritto europeo dei contratti". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/616.
Texto completoBENINCASA, Luigi. "La tenuta del sistema italiano dell'ipoteca alla luce del diritto europeo". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2487911.
Texto completoThe recent European legislation on real estate credit for consumers has obliged the Italian legislator to specifically introduce into our legislation a hypothesis of Patto Marciano. This proves that the European Union (EU) has an interest to legislate in the field of collateral in order to pursue its target of harmonisation and integration of the single market, and therefore can directly intervene. This also shows that the Italian collateral system is out-dated and requires a radical change, starting from the most notorious collateral: the mortgage. Monitoring the needs of the market actors and the European trends in the field, one finds out that to make the whole mortgage system more efficient, the mortgage regulation must be updated in its spe-cial and accessory nature. The aim of the present work is to understand what can be done in the Italian law, waiting for the EU to regulate directly on the matter. We will start with a verification of the compatibility with our legal system of a mortgage with a mitigated accessory nature, capable of being assigned independently of the credit. Having ascertained that there are no legal reasons against such an effect, it is nevertheless concluded that an intervention of the legislator is necessary for this purpose, as this result cannot be achieved by interpretation. Following a careful analysis of the disciplines of the Euromortgage and of the French hypothèque re-chargeable - both institutions endowed with considerable flexibility - and drawing from them, an at-tempt is made, finally, to reconstruct a possible regulation of this new transferable mortgage, which balances the interests of all parties potentially involved in such an operation.
Santin, Piera <1986>. "Vicende giuridiche dei rapporti e variazioni iva: sistema europeo ed esperienza nazionale". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7681/2/tesi_santin_diritto_tributario_europeo_XXVIII.pdf.
Texto completoVat is applicable to legal relationship, that means that, whatever happens to the legal relationship considered in order to determinate value added tax, it has to be considered. The European system provide to an autonomous framework, evolved since the first introduction of VAT in 1967. In the present work it is analyzed how this system has been evolved and what are the effects in the national, particularly Italian, legal system.
Santin, Piera <1986>. "Vicende giuridiche dei rapporti e variazioni iva: sistema europeo ed esperienza nazionale". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7681/.
Texto completoVat is applicable to legal relationship, that means that, whatever happens to the legal relationship considered in order to determinate value added tax, it has to be considered. The European system provide to an autonomous framework, evolved since the first introduction of VAT in 1967. In the present work it is analyzed how this system has been evolved and what are the effects in the national, particularly Italian, legal system.
Fidelangeli, Alessia <1993>. "Le nozioni autonome di diritto europeo nel sistema dell'imposta sul valore aggiunto". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9956/1/Tesi%20Alessia%20Fidelangeli_Le%20nozioni%20autonome%20di%20dirittto%20europeo%20nell%27IVA_AMS.pdf.
Texto completoThe thesis aims at investigating the creation of independent concepts of European law in the field of Value Added Tax developed by the Court of Justice. The aim is to propose a conventional taxonomy of autonomous notions, useful for their systematisation and better understanding, based on the fundamental distinction between "autonomous" and "own" notions. Hence, the thesis has a broad analysis of the notions in European case law, which are distinguished according to whether the ultimate objective of autonomy is to limit the States' discretion in application with regard to derogatory hypotheses (exemptions), in the case of "autonomous notions"; or whether the ultimate objective is to better define the scope of fundamental notions in the tax structure, in the case of "own notions". The aim of the work is to show that the functionalist definition responds to different objectives, which all have in common the granting of the primacy of European law. The analysis and systematisation proposed can be a useful tool in the implementation, interpretation and application of the concepts. In this sense, the work also examines examples from national experiences that show, on the one hand, that the Court's interventions on the concepts influence national systems and, on the other hand, that misalignments still remain. Finally, the analysis of European case law and national systems is intended to show that the development of autonomous notions is part of the process towards deeper harmonisation in the VAT field, in which the Court of Justice has a leading role. This process, to which the elaboration of a European concepts contributes, entails a limitation of the discretion of States in the name of the effectiveness and primacy of European law.
Moscato, Giulia <1989>. ""Mare Nostrum": la politica italiana dell'asilo, nel quadro del Sistema Comune Europeo". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/5990.
Texto completoCOLLETTI, Elisa. "I diritti fondamentali nel sistema di compensazione italiano e nel contesto europeo". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/394895.
Texto completoMalena, Micaela <1977>. "Il diritto di asilo tra ordinamento costituzionale e sistema europeo di protezione multilivello". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/747/1/Tesi_Malena_Micaela.pdf.
Texto completoMalena, Micaela <1977>. "Il diritto di asilo tra ordinamento costituzionale e sistema europeo di protezione multilivello". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/747/.
Texto completoRizza, Laura Santa. "Il sistema europeo comune di asilo: la protezione internazionale dello straniero in Europa". Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/4027.
Texto completoOlivares, Belinchon Jesús Lorenzo. "Análisis del sistema de navegación por satélite europeo EGNOS para su integración con VRS". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/61981.
Texto completo[ES] Resumen Los Sistemas Globales de Navegación por Satélite (GNSS) han transformado las técnicas de posicionamiento y navegación, llegando a ser en la actualidad indispensable para múltiples aplicaciones. La navegación por satélite es una de las nuevas formas de navegación y tiene múltiples ventajas sobre las técnicas existentes. Puede proporcionar información a los usuarios en cualquier ubicación, sin necesidad de visión directa y de forma global en todo el planeta. Por tanto, estamos asistiendo a la llegada de un sistema de navegación que, por sí mismo, podría proporcionar a los navegantes la capacidad de realizar el posicionamiento y la planificación de rutas sin la necesidad de recurrir a otro método o información adicionales. La Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI) inició a principios de 1990 una serie de actividades encaminadas a definir el "sistema de navegación aérea del futuro", cuya base serían los sistemas GNSS. La aplicabilidad potencial de estos sistemas es ya una realidad, cumpliendo los requerimientos de muchas operaciones de navegación: precisión, integridad, disponibilidad y continuidad. Sirva como ejemplo que se está utilizando ya para operaciones de CAT III, como el aterrizaje de aeronaves. La señal que emiten los satélites sufre una serie de errores en su propagación y funcionamiento del sistema que los limitan para muchas aplicaciones. Por ello, el posicionamiento en tiempo real necesita de la utilización de unas correcciones diferenciales que mejoran el rendimiento de los sistemas GNSS. Los sistemas actuales de corrección diferencial los podemos agrupar en sistemas locales o LADGPS (Local Area DGPS), y sistemas de área extensa o WADGPS (Wide Area DGPS). En marzo de 2011 la Comisión Europea declaró el servicio 'Safety-of-Life' de EGNOS apto para su uso en aviación civil, siendo éste el sistema WADGPS utilizado en esta investigación junto con el sistema de Estaciones de Referencia Permanentes por VRS, como sistema LADGPS. El Objetivo de ésta Tesis es el análisis de la posible integración del sistema de navegación EGNOS con la metodología de posicionamiento a partir de Estaciones de Referencia en tierra VRS de Trimble. Se pretende mejorar la precisión de posicionamiento del sistema EGNOS implementando la solución VRS, a priori más precisa. En definitiva, buscamos una propuesta de metodología de posicionamiento que tenga lo mejor de ambas, que llamaremos EGNOS/VRS. Una vez definida la metodología a emplear para la determinación del posicionamiento EGNOS/VRS se analizan los nuevos rendimientos y se verifica la mejora de precisión, lo que permite utilizar está nueva metodología para aplicaciones con más requisitos en exactitud de posicionamiento, como por ejemplo en agricultura de precisión.
[CAT] Resum Els Sistemes Globals de Navegació per Satèl¿lit (GNSS) han transformat les tècniques de posicionament i navegació, arribant a ser en l'actualitat indispensable per a múltiples aplicacions. La navegació per satèl¿lit és una de les noves formes de navegació i té múltiples avantatges sobre les tècniques existents. Pot proporcionar informació als usuaris en qualsevol ubicació, sense necessitat de visió directa i de forma global en tot el planeta. Per tant, estem assistint a l'arribada d'un sistema de navegació que, per si mateix, podria proporcionar als navegants la capacitat de realitzar el posicionament i la planificació de rutes sense la necessitat de recórrer a un altre mètode o informació addicionals. L'Organització d'Aviació Civil Internacional (OACI) va iniciar a principis de 1990 una sèrie d'activitats encaminades a definir el "sistema de navegació aèria del futur", la base del qual serien els sistemes GNSS. L'aplicabilitat potencial d'estos sistemes és ja una realitat, complint els requeriments de moltes operacions de navegació: precisió, integritat, disponibilitat i continuïtat. Servisca com a exemple que s'està utilitzant ja per a operacions de CAT III, com l'aterratge d'aeronaus. El senyal que emeten els satèl¿lits patix una sèrie d'errors en la seua propagació i funcionament del sistema que els limiten per a moltes aplicacions. Per això, el posicionament en temps real necessita de la utilització d'unes correccions diferencials que milloren el rendiment dels sistemes GNSS. Els sistemes actuals de correcció diferencial els podem agrupar en sistemes locals o LADGPS (Local Àrea DGPS) , i sistemes d'àrea extensa o WADGPS (Wide Àrea DGPS) . Al març de 2011 la Comissió Europea va declarar el servici 'Safety-of-Life' d'EGNOS apte per al seu ús en aviació civil, sent este el sistema WADGPS utilitzat en esta investigació junt amb el sistema d'Estacions de Referència Permanents per VRS, com a sistema LADGPS. L'Objectiu d'esta Tesi és l'anàlisi de la possible integració del sistema de navegació EGNOS amb la metodologia de posicionament a partir d'Estacions de Referència en terra VRS de Trimble. Es pretén millorar la precisió de posicionament del sistema EGNOS implementant la solució VRS, a priori més precisa. En definitiva, busquem una proposta de metodologia de posicionament que tinga el millor d'ambdós, que cridarem EGNOS/VRS. Una vegada definida la metodologia a emprar per a la determinació del posicionament EGNOS/VRS s'analitzen els nous rendiments i es verifica la millora de precisió, la qual cosa permet utilitzar està nova metodologia per a aplicacions amb més requisits en exactitud de posicionament, com per exemple en agricultura de precisió.
Olivares Belinchon, JL. (2016). Análisis del sistema de navegación por satélite europeo EGNOS para su integración con VRS [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/61981
TESIS
Viero, Francesca <1987>. "Perseguitate in quanto donne: la protezione dalla violenza di genere nel sistema dell'asilo europeo". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3922.
Texto completoBade, Rubio Christel. "El Banco Central Europeo en las relaciones monetarias internacionales". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378372.
Texto completoIn the years prior to the introduction of the euro, analysts around the world questioned if the single currency would fulfil the enormous expectations that surrounded its creation; the effects it would have on the development of the single market or European financial markets, and also on the international features of the European Union (EU). One aspect of this unique phenomenon of monetary integration that stands out is the role of the European Central Bank (ECB). Since the beginning of its functions, it has managed to establish itself as a credible institution, thus gaining the trust of economic agents, which in turn contributes to consolidate the status of the euro both inside the EU and at the international level. This development is especially interesting since, unlike other central banks, the ECB is not backed by a centralized or federal government. The investigation analyses the behaviour of the ECB in its external dimension, that is, its role in international monetary relations, from the perspective of Constructivist International Political Economy. This approach, besides allowing to understand the link between economy and politics, assigns a preponderant role to the identities and interests of actors in international relations, which for their part are understood as a social construction. By means of an analysis of the speeches of the three ECB presidents –Willem F. Duisenberg, Jean-Claude Trichet, and Mario Draghi- in numerous international fora, the study focuses on: a) the ECB’s perception of the international system; b) the evolution of that vision throughout the years; c) the actions that the ECB carries out in the world; and d) how the position of the ECB in the international system has changed. The importance of studying the ECB’s “diplomacy” lies in the fact that, given that it is a relatively new institution, entrusted with the responsibility of managing the single currency in a limited field of action and without the backing of a centralized government, it is necessary to understand why it acts like it does at the international level, how does it define and execute its international relations? Have its interests or identity been modified throughout the years? The subject under analysis relates to a very sensitive political area (the monetary one) whose success depends a great deal on the trust of economic agents; a lot of times it is impossible to learn the details about what happens backstage in the internal decision making process or in negotiations at the international level. Nevertheless, that process may be inferred from the results, decisions and agreements adopted, paying close attention to the language, the discourse, and the understandings that are created.
Ortega, Atienza Rocio. "El Principio de subsidiariedad y el sistema de reparación en el convenio europeo de derechos humanos: una propuesta de mejora del sistema de reparación". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671343.
Texto completoThe case-law of the ECHR repeatedly emphasize that, once the violation of the Convention has been declared, the States are free to choose the means of reparation. On the bases of this premise, in this thesis I will defend that this statement is not inherent to the principle of subsidiarity and that its maintenance reduces the effectiveness of the system of reparation. On the contrary, certain modifications, including greater intervention by the Court, supported by an integral conception of the principle of subsidiarity that combines the principle of freedom of the States with that of proportionality, efficiency and shared responsibility, would increase the effectiveness of the aforementioned system.
Viguri, Cordero Jorge Agustín. "Seguridad y protección de datos en el Sistema Europeo Común de Asilo: conflictos y retos". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668886.
Texto completoThis Doctoral Thesis analyses the impact of the security dimension on the effectiveness of the European Common Asylum System (CEAS) and in its proposed reform. This dimension is examined from a three-perspective approach: its correlative national security limitations and exceptions, its connections with the right to privacy and data protection and in relation to the national asylum system. The research confirms the need for a balance between security imperatives and the fundamental rights and freedoms that affect applicants for international protection. Furthermore, the legal regime of data protection –mainly, the GDPR and Directive 2016/680– in the light of the CEAS and the interoperability Regulation 818/2019 is examined. Finally, the lack of coherence of the national asylum system to the European framework as well as its most immediate problems affecting Ceuta's and Melilla's border procedure is highlighted.
CARTA, ROSSELLA. "La riforma del sistema comune di asilo europeo tra principio di solidarietà e rinascita dei nazionalismi". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/313090.
Texto completoTROMBETTI, OLGA. "L'UNIFORMAZIONE DEL DIRITTO PRIVATO EUROPEO: IL PROBLEMA DEI PRINCIPI GENERALI, CON PARTICOLARE RIGUARDO AL SISTEMA GIURIDICO ARGENTINO". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/217945.
Texto completoThe thesis analyzes the general principles of European private law elaborated in the uniformization projects of European contract law such as the Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law, the Draft Common Frame of Reference, the Code Européen des Contrats. The purpose of the analysis is to check if these principles, as common values of European legal systems, are in compliance with the policies and structural choices adopted by UE Institutions. The analysis is carried out comparing: - the Proposal for a Regulation on a Common European Sales Law - (hereinafter CESL), presented by the European Commission to the European Parliament and the Council with the Communication of 11th October 2011 n. 635; - the Draft Common Frame of Reference, presented between 2008 and 2009 by a networks of experts appointed by the European Commission to draw up a toolbox and a frame of reference containing principles, definitions and model rules of European contract law; - the Code Européen des Contrats, presented by the Academy of European Private Lawyers. The project should to be applied to B2B contracts, to C2C contracts and to B2C contracts. The Code’s peculiarity is that the harmonization is not based on vague and undetermined principles, but rather on the use of a legislative type technique which allows for proposing clear, determined rules. Specific principles, such as freedom of contract, good faith and fairness, cooperation are analyzed. The freedom of contract, strictly connected with the optional nature of Proposal of the CESL, is the basic principle of the parties choice to determine the regulatory instrument of their contract. The same principle is also laid down in the Code Européen des Contrats art. 2 and in art. II.-1: 102 DCFR. The parties can determine the content of the contract, or exercise their freedom to allow a third party to determine the content or they can choose to direct the effects of the contract to a person not involved in it. Between general principles of European contract law detects the good faith, and its corollary the transparency of the contractual content, fundamental rule of the acquis communautaire. In the Code Europèen des Contrats, the general principles of fairness is established by the art. 6, on the precontractual duties. The duty to disclose, governed by art. 7, is applied during the negotiations but even after the conclusion of the contract. The same principles is established by art. I.-1:103, Book I, DCFR, where good faith and fairness are conduct standard characterized by honesty, clarity and consideration of the interests of the other party in the contractual relationship. The duty of good faith is established by the DCFR, in Chapter 3, Book II, "Marketing and pre-contractual duties" with regard to individual negotiations, and in Section 4 of Chapter 9, Book II, with regard to the unfair terms. The CESL introduces the general principle of good faith with its art. 2, setting specific application in precontractual duties in Part II, Chapter 2, about «Precontractual information». Particular attention should have the cooperation, established by art. 3 of the CESL and by art. III.-1104 of the DCFR. The check of effectiveness of general principles is aimed to allow a teleological interpretation of the set of rules, in which they are incorporated. It’s necessary clarify if, in addition to the purpose of improving the conditions for the establishment of the internal market, is possible to comply - on the basis of a solidarity inspired by a social justice criteria - also the needs of protect for the weak subjects of internal market. In this sense, the concept of the general principle is associated, in European contract law, to the concept of fundamental right, as well as in the Draft Common Frame of Reference, where is possible to find a specific chapter of Book II on right / principle of non-discrimination. Finally, the thesis examines the central question of the current legislature, that is how to create a direct link between the principles of contract law and fundamental rights, as referred to by the European Charter of Fundamental Rights. The academics highlight three possibilities: a) a direct reference, without the explicit reproduction of them; b) interpretation / application of the texts of European private law in the light of these principles as laid down in the European Charter of Fundamental Rights; c) qualification of fundamental principles as mandatory rules, necessarily to be applied.The analysis will be deepened by reflection on the recent project of argentine civil and commercial code, presented in March 2012. The idea offered by the mentioned project is of particular interest in view of the unification process currently in South America, only in some respects similar to the European one.
Llerena, Taco Francisco Walter. "Aplicación del sistema de evaluación del riesgo quirúrgico europeo (Euroscore) en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en el HNERM". Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2005. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/1890.
Texto completoTesis de segunda especialidad
Jaurena, i. Salas Francesc-Xavier. "Les sentències del Tribunal Europeu dels Drets Humans com a elements transformadors del propi sistema del Conveni Europeu dels Drets Humans i de l’ordre constitucionals dels Estats". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/455137.
Texto completoSince its origins, the system of the ECHR has been suffering from tension between its form and content. From a formal point of view, the system of the Convention is a mere international treaty. However, with regard to its content, the ECHR deals with issues which are typically constitutional, such as guaranteeing human rights and fundamental freedoms in a real and effective way. Rights and freedoms are real limits to the exercise of public power. In order to achieve this constitutional goal effectively through an international instrument, the ECtHR has been gradually transforming its own functions and purpose of the system. The ECtHR has transcended the specific case and individual justice in order to define the standard of rights protection, harmonize national domestic laws and update the ECHR to time. The Court also acquires new power and exerts control over the rules. This situation leads to a permanent and systematic harmonization of the different domestic laws around a shared protection standard which is developed by the ECtHR. This standard of rights protection is described as minimum common indispensable to maintain a democratic society and transcends hierarchies of national laws and borders. From this perspective, the ECHR and the doctrine of the ECtHR is a real constitutional instrument of European public order in the field of human rights. The ECtHR holds individual justice purpose, but at the same time, the Court relativizes it to provide constitutional justice. This new purpose of the system is not neutral with respect to the other elements of the system. The margin of appreciation of the States in choosing the means to fulfill their conventional obligations is reduced substantially. Individual justice is diminished. However, the intensity and extent of the impact of the constitutional system of the Convention on the states is not homogeneous. The impact can vary very much from one State to another because the same ECHR system assumes the legal diversity of States. It can be said that the ECHR system has been constitutionalized because it has acquired constitutional functions and effects. In turn, the constitutional law of various States are conventionalized. The result has been a gradual strengthening of national systems of protection of fundamental rights of each State and the emergence of a number of centers (national-international) affecting fundamental rights. From this perspective, we can talk of the existence of pluralism around constitutional rights in Europe.
Meleo, Linda. "Regolazione ambientale e competitività: costi e benefici del sistema europeo dei permessi di emissione tra teoria economica e realtà dei fatti". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200763.
Texto completoSerra, Llobet Pol. "Análisis de las enseñanzas de Posgrado para Fisioterapeutas, tras la adaptación universitaria al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/293781.
Texto completoŠadeikaitė, Giedrė. "Supporting Sustainable Tourism Development through Improved Measurement: A Case Study of European Tourism Destinations". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/72529.
Texto completoBandini, Vittoria <1982>. "Applicazione di strumenti e metodi per la gestione ambientale di un territorio vasto - Sviluppo di un sistema di gestione ambientale in un ente pubblico secondo lo schema europeo EMAS e analisi di un sistema energetico territoriale". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2620/1/Bandini_Vittoria_Tesi.pdf.
Texto completoLa gestione ambientale è composta da più elementi, tra le quali i Sistemi di gestione ambientale (SGA), l'analisi ed il reporting ambientale, la gestione di dati ambientali, la comunicazione ambientale. In questa tesi ci si occupa dello sviluppo e applicazione di un SGA in un Ente pubblico secondo lo schema europeo "EMAS", e dell'analisi di un sistema energetico territoriale attraverso la costruzione di scenari e l'uso di indici di sostenibilità ambientale. Entrambe le tematiche sono accomunate dalla ricerca di inserire elementi di scientificità in procedure (i SGA e la pianificazione energetica) che sono altrimenti spesso caratterizzate da localismo e scarsa confrontabilità . La sintesi eMergetica, proposta dall'ecologo H.T. Odum e descritta nel 1996 nel libro "Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Environmental Decision Making", è stata utilizzata per completare con un elemento di valutazione del valore ambientale globale le analisi svolte. In particolare, la sintesi eMergetica è stata utilizzata per migliorare la metodologia per valutare la significatività degli aspetti ambientali in un SGA, e per valutare le performance ambientali degli scenari di evoluzione del sistema energetico studiato. Relativamente ai SGA, si riportano una applicazione congiunta del metodo CLEAR per facilitare l'identificazione degli aspetti ambientali, i dati dei 4 Comuni seguiti per quanto riguarda aspetti ambientali e significatività , una proposta preliminare di integrazione della valutazione della significatività attraverso la sintesi eMergetica. Relativamente all'analisi di un sistema energetico territoriale, si riportano la caratterizzazione della situazione attuale ed il bilancio energetico, il bilancio delle emissioni di gas serra, 3 scenari di evoluzione del sistema definiti col supporto del software LEAP ("Long Term Energy Alternatives Planning System" del SEI - "Stockholm Environment Institute"), la sintesi eMergetica della situazione attuale e degli scenari costruiti.
Bandini, Vittoria <1982>. "Applicazione di strumenti e metodi per la gestione ambientale di un territorio vasto - Sviluppo di un sistema di gestione ambientale in un ente pubblico secondo lo schema europeo EMAS e analisi di un sistema energetico territoriale". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2620/.
Texto completoLa gestione ambientale è composta da più elementi, tra le quali i Sistemi di gestione ambientale (SGA), l'analisi ed il reporting ambientale, la gestione di dati ambientali, la comunicazione ambientale. In questa tesi ci si occupa dello sviluppo e applicazione di un SGA in un Ente pubblico secondo lo schema europeo "EMAS", e dell'analisi di un sistema energetico territoriale attraverso la costruzione di scenari e l'uso di indici di sostenibilità ambientale. Entrambe le tematiche sono accomunate dalla ricerca di inserire elementi di scientificità in procedure (i SGA e la pianificazione energetica) che sono altrimenti spesso caratterizzate da localismo e scarsa confrontabilità . La sintesi eMergetica, proposta dall'ecologo H.T. Odum e descritta nel 1996 nel libro "Environmental Accounting: Emergy and Environmental Decision Making", è stata utilizzata per completare con un elemento di valutazione del valore ambientale globale le analisi svolte. In particolare, la sintesi eMergetica è stata utilizzata per migliorare la metodologia per valutare la significatività degli aspetti ambientali in un SGA, e per valutare le performance ambientali degli scenari di evoluzione del sistema energetico studiato. Relativamente ai SGA, si riportano una applicazione congiunta del metodo CLEAR per facilitare l'identificazione degli aspetti ambientali, i dati dei 4 Comuni seguiti per quanto riguarda aspetti ambientali e significatività , una proposta preliminare di integrazione della valutazione della significatività attraverso la sintesi eMergetica. Relativamente all'analisi di un sistema energetico territoriale, si riportano la caratterizzazione della situazione attuale ed il bilancio energetico, il bilancio delle emissioni di gas serra, 3 scenari di evoluzione del sistema definiti col supporto del software LEAP ("Long Term Energy Alternatives Planning System" del SEI - "Stockholm Environment Institute"), la sintesi eMergetica della situazione attuale e degli scenari costruiti.
Loren, Eisendecher Ralph Ian y Vial Agustín Searle. "El Sistema de Dublín : perspectiva y desafíos a la luz del derecho internacional de los refugiados y de los derechos humanos". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/144849.
Texto completoLa llamada “crisis” migratoria experimentada por Europa en los últimos años ha puesto de relieve los múltiples inconvenientes derivados de la aplicación del sistema de Dublín. Este trabajo analiza los orígenes y objetivos del sistema desde una perspectiva crítica, inspirada por la finalidad de protección propia del derecho internacional de los refugiados. Asimismo, a la luz de los estándares europeos e internacionales relevantes, se identificarán algunas de las principales dificultades que implica el funcionamiento del sistema, abordando especialmente algunos desafíos que enfrenta a causa de su oposición con ciertos derechos fundamentales de los solicitantes y ciertos aspectos de su diseño que son problemáticos desde el punto de vista de su eficacia. Hacia el final, se evaluarán los motivos que podrían justificar la conservación de su diseño y se concluirá señalando que la lógica subyacente al sistema se ha mantenido constante desde sus inicios.
Singh, Manish Kumar. "Bank and Sovereign Risk: The Case of European Economic and Monetary Union". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672653.
Texto completoPORFILIO, AMELIO. "Il welfare state incontra l’Unione europea: dalla costituzione economica europea ad un modello sociale europeo". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/807.
Texto completoThe thesis examines the relationship between European Union and Welfare State under three different perspectives. Firstly, it looks at the EEC as an organization pursuing economic integration of Member States while not interfering with their welfare function. In tracing the evolution of the social competences of the European Union, it is highlighted how the original logic still underlies the existence of procedural and substantive limits to those competences. Second, the thesis draws on the category of European economic constitution to explain how Member States bounded their sovereignty in order to give full effect to economic freedom. On that basis, the thesis describes some of the inroads made by the European economic constitution into national welfare states, with special attention to its effects on pension systems. Finally, the thesis looks at some of the innovations introduced by the Lisbon Strategy and the Lisbon Treaty, focusing on the strengthening of the Open Method of Co-ordination and the entry into force of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this perspective, the thesis captures the emergence of a European social model. Having discussed origins and development of the European social model, its main distinctive features and reflexes on domestic social policies are spelled out.
PORFILIO, AMELIO. "Il welfare state incontra l’Unione europea: dalla costituzione economica europea ad un modello sociale europeo". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/807.
Texto completoThe thesis examines the relationship between European Union and Welfare State under three different perspectives. Firstly, it looks at the EEC as an organization pursuing economic integration of Member States while not interfering with their welfare function. In tracing the evolution of the social competences of the European Union, it is highlighted how the original logic still underlies the existence of procedural and substantive limits to those competences. Second, the thesis draws on the category of European economic constitution to explain how Member States bounded their sovereignty in order to give full effect to economic freedom. On that basis, the thesis describes some of the inroads made by the European economic constitution into national welfare states, with special attention to its effects on pension systems. Finally, the thesis looks at some of the innovations introduced by the Lisbon Strategy and the Lisbon Treaty, focusing on the strengthening of the Open Method of Co-ordination and the entry into force of the Charter of Fundamental Rights. In this perspective, the thesis captures the emergence of a European social model. Having discussed origins and development of the European social model, its main distinctive features and reflexes on domestic social policies are spelled out.
Moreno, García Davinia. "Datation par ESR de quartz optiquement blanchis (ESR-OB) de la région de Atapuerca (Burgos, Espagne) : application au site préhistorique de Gran Dolina (contexte karstique) et aux systèmes fluviatiles quaternaires de l'Arlanzón et l'Arlanza". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/51761.
Texto completoMaria, José Francisco R. "Controlos de capitais e sistema monetário europeu". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12419.
Texto completoSolé, Anna 1982. "The negotiation of an asymmetrical European Monetary System and the decision of high inflation countries to join the system". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668918.
Texto completoLas negociaciones sobre el SME se centraron en el debate de la simetría. Los países de inflación elevada intentaron introducir elementos que impusiesen un funcionamiento del sistema más simétrico que el de la Serpiente. Sin embargo, estos intentos se encontraron con la oposición alemana. El gobierno alemán consiguió imponer su postura en los aspectos que determinaban la simetría del sistema. La principal razón por la que Alemania consiguió imponerse fue su mayor poder de negociación durante las discusiones, que se explica principalmente por el diseño institucional de la política monetaria en Alemania, donde el Bundesbank gozaba de gran reputación y un nivel excepcional de autonomía. Para países como Italia e Irlanda, el SME no satisfacía sus principales requisitos. No obstante, ambos países decidieron entrar. En estos países, los debates domésticos sobre el SME estuvieron fuertemente influenciados por otras discusiones sobre cuestiones económicas y políticas.
Tassinari, Aurelio. "Sistemi di quote in ambito nazionale ed europeo". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
Buscar texto completoJaneliūnaitė, Vilma. "Mokesčių sistema, integruojantis į Europos Sąjungą". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20140620_204259-73062.
Texto completoThe most important source of financial expenses which gives capital means for various purposes is taxes. The way of harmonyzing taxes became important after abolishment of borders control and abolishment of trade restriction and different duties. By this process we seek equal competition rights between EU partners who repeal impediments for taxes. Moreover, we seek to accelerate integration process. EU does not have general taxes politics that is why every state member formates it‘s own tax politics according to EU directives, regulations and other documents. Each state member must apply such tax system which will not allow to distort competition, which will guarantee the functioning of common market and equal taxes to all economy subjects. There is a necessity to unify taxes because different taxes make a huge damage to competition. People will choose such countries, where load of taxes is not so big, other counties are going to have big problems with budget‘s incoms. The object of this research is tax system. The big load of taxes prevent production growth, stimulate the growth of shade economics expansion and tax hiding. By joining EU Lithuania commited to harmonize VAT taxes and excise taxes. Also other administration systems of taxes were harmonyzed. The advantages for Lithuania for joining EU: coordination of tax system with practice of EU in tax system; usual and easier business conditions for small and medium bussiness companies; the growth of budget incomes because... [to full text]
Ferreira, Ana Catarina Areias. "Design de comunicação para a mudança no sistema alimentar". Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17887.
Texto completoO impacto da qualidade da alimentação quer na saúde da sociedade europeia quer na sustentabilidade do planeta Terra é uma questão que tem tanto de importante como de complexa. O funcionamento do sector alimentar afecta várias áreas do desenvolvimento social, cultural e económico de uma sociedade e como tal, cabe à União Europeia, na qualidade de entidade reguladora, tomar medidas que zelem pelo equilíbrio e bem-estar dos seus cidadãos e promovam o desenvolvimento sustentável deste sector. O design de comunicação, muitas vezes tão ubíquo que se torna invisível aos olhos do consumidor, tem um papel importante na evolução do consumo, desde logo precisamente pela sua omnipresença na relação entre os bens e os seus compradores. Com o objectivo de dar uma resposta a uma “chamada” do projecto Horizonte 2020, foi seleccionado o problema - abordagens inovadoras ao sistema alimentar e orientadas para o cidadão Europeu nas cidades - da categoria da Segurança Alimentar. Propõe-se assim a construção de um elo de ligação - através do design de comunicação - entre o cidadão e as abordagens inovadoras ao sistema alimentar. Foram analisados três pilares que serviram de suporte a este trabalho: a actuação da União Europeia e de algumas entidades mundiais no âmbito da alimentação; temas inerentes à tomada de decisão do consumidor e relacionados com o sistema alimentar; e o papel activo do designer de comunicação na sociedade. Através do método de brainstorming, chegou-se a uma possibilidade para uma resposta a esta chamada europeia. A concretização de um projeto editorial europeu e multilingue, a revista Proof, foi a conclusão deste processo que de seguida descreveremos. Este projecto pretende contribuir para a literacia do cidadão europeu expondo-o a informações factuais e a novas perspectivas, para que haja uma consciencialização individual e consequentes alterações graduais em todo o sistema alimentar. Em suma, com o término deste projecto alcançámos um objecto que dará uma contribuição útil para a literacia do consumidor no âmbito da alimentação. É um projecto editorial que tem como intuito ser um meio de comunicação que faz desencadear uma acção no consumidor resultando a longo prazo na sustentabilidade do sistema alimentar europeu.
ABSTRACT: The impact of the diet we choose to have, not only in society health but also on our planet sustainability, is a major and complex subject. Food industry affects several areas from social development, cultural and economical in nowadays society therefore is up to European Union, on regulatory authority duty, to take actions to keep the balance and well being of its citizens and promote sustainable development of this sector. Communication Design, quite often so ambiguous that becomes invisible to consumer’s eyes, has an upmost importance role in consumption evolution, right from the presence in consumer and goods relationship. With the purpose of giving an answer to a call from Horizon 2020 project, it was selected the problem – Innovative and citizen-driven food system approaches in cities – from food safety category. Our response was to develop a connection – through Communication Design – between the citizen and this new approaches to our food system. There were three main focus in this project: European Union action, and other world entities in food industry; subjects related to consumer choice when it comes to food; and finally the active role of the communication designer in today’s society. While brainstorming, we came to a way as an answer to this European callout. The conclusion of an editorial(magazine) and multilingual project, Proof magazine, was the outcome of this process that we will detail. This project seeks to add to the ordinary person knowledge by exposing facts and new perspectives, so that there’s an individual conscious and hopefully change in all food system. Nonetheless, as we conclude this project we reach a point and with it a work that will give a useful contribution to everyday consumer about the food system. This is a magazine project in which our main goal is to be a communication mean to unleash an action from consumer’s way of thinking, aiming to have in the long run a better sustainable food system in Europe.
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CALAMITA, MARIA ROSARIA. "Sistema di tutela degli investimenti e diritto dell’Unione europea". Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11369/424571.
Texto completoGanhoteiro, Pedro Jorge Romão. "Taxa única sobre o Imposto sobre o Valor Acrescentado". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21158.
Texto completoA presente dissertação retrata um estudo, com dados concretos, relativo à harmonização da taxa de IVA (imposto sobre o valor acrescentado) em curso na União Europeia (UE), este estudo foca-se em analisar, o IVA na UE entre 2000 a 2018, em função das receitas de IVA, do PIB, e do consumo privado. O correto funcionamento do mercado único na União Europeia exige a eliminação da tributação interna discriminatória ou protetora dos bens e serviços. A abordagem do tema pretende também proporcionar um historial da harmonização fiscal e uma descrição do atual funcionamento do sistema na UE. Constituindo esta harmonização na Europa, será possível obter uma fiscalização que permita potencializar o comércio, trocar informações importantes entre os EM e obter resistência à fraude e à evasão fiscal. O objetivo principal desta dissertação, é fornecer uma visão geral da evolução da harmonização fiscal indireta na União Europeia (UE) e os impactos que a harmonização fiscal, através do estabelecimento de uma taxa única de IVA na EU, pode contribuir para a anulação das barreiras fiscais entre os EM, consolidando o sistema fiscal Europeu para um mercado mais integrado.
This dissertation pictures a study, with concrete data, on the harmonization of the current VAT rate (value added tax) in the European Union (EU), this study focuses on analyzing VAT in the EU between 2000 and 2018, in the function of VAT revenues, GDP, and private consumption. The proper functioning of the single market in the European Union requires the elimination of discriminatory or protective internal influence of goods and services. An approach to the theme also aims to provide a history of fiscal harmonization and a description of the current functioning of the system in the EU. By constituting this harmonization in Europe, it will be possible to obtain a control that will enhance trade, exchange important information between Member States and gain resistance to fraud and tax evasion. The main objective of this dissertation is to provide an overview of the evolution of indirect tax harmonisation in the European Union (EU) and the impacts that tax harmonization, through the establishment of a single VAT in the EU, can contribute to the cancellation of tax barriers between state members by consolidating the European tax system into a more integrated market.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
OSELLINI, ALICE. "Normative dell'Unione Europea e sistema penale. Profili di tutela dell'ambiente". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1301.
Texto completoThe enquiry aims to explore the relationships between European Legislation and National Criminal Law. The thesis is composed of two parts: the first one relates to questions pertaining to the National Criminal Law in light of the innovations of the Lisbon Treaty (i.e. the abolition of the three-pillar structure of the EU, the EU Criminal Law Competence, the Charter of Fundamental Rights that was given binding legal effect equal to the Treaties, the legal basis for the accession of the Union to the European Convention on Human Rights). The analysis is done assuming a constitutional-oriented approach. The second part relates to Environmental Law as a test case for the EU Criminal Competences.
OSELLINI, ALICE. "Normative dell'Unione Europea e sistema penale. Profili di tutela dell'ambiente". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1301.
Texto completoThe enquiry aims to explore the relationships between European Legislation and National Criminal Law. The thesis is composed of two parts: the first one relates to questions pertaining to the National Criminal Law in light of the innovations of the Lisbon Treaty (i.e. the abolition of the three-pillar structure of the EU, the EU Criminal Law Competence, the Charter of Fundamental Rights that was given binding legal effect equal to the Treaties, the legal basis for the accession of the Union to the European Convention on Human Rights). The analysis is done assuming a constitutional-oriented approach. The second part relates to Environmental Law as a test case for the EU Criminal Competences.
Indriliūnaitė, Vilma. "Europos Sąjungos valstybių narių teisinių sistemų panašumai ir skirtumai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20101124_200843-29417.
Texto completoThere are 27 Member States in European Union (EU), and all of them are based on separate legislative, executive and judiciary power. EU is a unique union, which Member States established common institutions, for which they transfer a part of their sovereignty, for the purpose that common questions would be usefully solved at European level. Moreover, there are also separate judiciary system. Actually, EU legal system is not independent, formally EU and its legal system is based on national constitutions and depends on national institutions in creation of EU law, and also depends on realizing of already legislated EU law. Assorting legal systems of Member States is useful, because it helps to see their differences and similarities and also the impact of them to EU legal system. Firstly, dividing legal systems to common law and continental law groups. Latter is divided into French, German and Scandinavian law groups. Basic differences between common law and continental law are: making the decisions, the language of laws, civil process, methods of interpreting law. Similarity is that, nevertheless there are not in continental Europe states officially established principle for lower courts to follow the decision of higher court, but in practice this principle is acknowledged. Another similarity is that in common law there are obvious purpose to unify law with the help of legislator. As to the Scandinavian law, so for this unity of law there were favourable circumstances: common... [to full text]
Carratalá, Liberto. "La estructura de los valores humanos en la Unión Europea. Cómo definen y valoran los jóvenes europeos la democracia a través de su sistema de valores". Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Alicante, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10045/58975.
Texto completoMarzano, Michele. "Profili giuridici del coordinamento tra sistemi reddituali nell'Unione Europea". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA035/document.
Texto completoThe coexistence of different income tax systems is structurally antithetic to a system – the EU one – which promotes economic integration. Does EU law, in accordance with these scopes, provide solutions for the distribution of tax powers between member states? In particular, does the coexistence of those tax powers imply the recognition of a “priority” in taxation of cross-border income, belonging to one rather than the other Member States? The fundamental principles of EU law – see the EU Treaties – offer no support to affirm the existence of such distribution parameters and, more generally, it is much more difficult to determine whether these same principles of European law involve a set of coordination rules, which the tax claim of the Member States must comply
Aleotti, Alessandro. "Sistemi di ritenuta stradale: evoluzione normativa nazionale ed europea". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/2006/.
Texto completoMarzano, Michele <1981>. "Profili giuridici del coordinamento tra sistemi reddituali nell'Unione Europea". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5125/1/marzano_michele_tesi.pdf.
Texto completoIncome tax systems' co-ordination is a relatively recent issue in the globalizing economy. In fact, a tendence to tax co-ordination begins, essentially, with the EU Law. Since 2006, European Institutions feel the urgence to solve problem of double imposition and non imposition phenomena left unsolved by the member states themselves, or by means of Double Taxation Conventions (DTCs). The tax co-ordination envisages means to do so. The theme is firstly envisaged by the unilateral and bilateral perspective, underlining the deficiencies of sovereignity methods in fronting the economies' integration problems. The theme is then pointed out by the perspective of EU Law. At a first level, by considering tax systems co-ordination methods envisaged by the Directives in matter of group-taxation. Then, monitoring the outgoing of co-ordination considered by three EU Communications dated 19 December 2006 (respectively targeted to the general problem of tax co-ordination, to the co-ordination between member states upon exit taxation, to the co-ordination upon consideraton of intra-EU losses). The issue is also considered by the point of view of the European Court of Justice. In this perspective, it's relevant to estabilish whether the ECJ has the power to compel the member states to structure each other their income tax systems, based on the application of the EU freedoms, with a view – in particular – to exit taxation policies, to intra-EU losses: a theme strictly linked to the view that is optioned out for the interpretation of EU non-discrimination clause (an overall approach facing the opposite per-country approach).
Marzano, Michele <1981>. "Profili giuridici del coordinamento tra sistemi reddituali nell'Unione Europea". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/5125/.
Texto completoIncome tax systems' co-ordination is a relatively recent issue in the globalizing economy. In fact, a tendence to tax co-ordination begins, essentially, with the EU Law. Since 2006, European Institutions feel the urgence to solve problem of double imposition and non imposition phenomena left unsolved by the member states themselves, or by means of Double Taxation Conventions (DTCs). The tax co-ordination envisages means to do so. The theme is firstly envisaged by the unilateral and bilateral perspective, underlining the deficiencies of sovereignity methods in fronting the economies' integration problems. The theme is then pointed out by the perspective of EU Law. At a first level, by considering tax systems co-ordination methods envisaged by the Directives in matter of group-taxation. Then, monitoring the outgoing of co-ordination considered by three EU Communications dated 19 December 2006 (respectively targeted to the general problem of tax co-ordination, to the co-ordination between member states upon exit taxation, to the co-ordination upon consideraton of intra-EU losses). The issue is also considered by the point of view of the European Court of Justice. In this perspective, it's relevant to estabilish whether the ECJ has the power to compel the member states to structure each other their income tax systems, based on the application of the EU freedoms, with a view – in particular – to exit taxation policies, to intra-EU losses: a theme strictly linked to the view that is optioned out for the interpretation of EU non-discrimination clause (an overall approach facing the opposite per-country approach).
Fernandes, Italo José Ramos Esguita. "IIW/EWF system for professional qualification and its impact in metalworking companies in Europe". Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10396.
Texto completoA tecnologia de soldadura é fundamental na industria e requer profissionais altamente qualificados dada a concorrência de saberes que envolve e a exigência de qualidade que coloca. A qualificação e certificação de pessoas é, assim, fundamental para o bom desempenho das empresas e a Federação Europeia de Soldadura desenvolveu um sistema implementado actualmente em 42 paises em colaboração com o Instituto Internacional de Soldadura desde 1998. O objectivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar o impacto do Sistema EWF/IIW de Qualificação de Pessoas na área tecnológica de soldadura, nas empresas Europeias de metalomecânica. Pretendeu-se com este documento apresentar um estudo que permita às empresas de metalomecânica Europeias entender a relevância em ter nos seus quadros de pessoal indivíduos que tenham as qualificações adequadas em termos de tecnologia de soldadura. A metodologia de investigação utilizada baseou-se na realização de inquéritos às metalomecâncias, complementados pontualmente com a realização de entrevistas para esclarecimento de questões especificas. Foram recebidas 105 respostas provenientes de 14 países. Do estudo efectuado foi possivel concluir que existe uma clara mais valia para as empresas que contratam pessoal com qualificações profissionais emitidas no âmbito dos sistemas da Federação Europeia de Soldadura e do Instituto Internacional de Soldadura. Todas as empresas que empregam pessoal com diplomas EWF/IIW fazem menção que obtiveram ganhos tanto intagíveis com tangívieis, com a existência de pessoal com diplomas EWF/IIW nos seus quadros; Foi possivel a partir deste estudo desenvolver um método de cálculo que permite determinar “o melhor” número de coordendores de soldadura por empresa tendo em linha de conta o número de empregados da empresa que têm actividades ligadas à tecnologia de soldadura. Do estudo, pode concluir-se que existe uma relação entre o rácio RD (número de pessoas qualificadas/dimensão da empresa) e a redução de Sucata ou a redução de Reparações ou o aumento da Produtividade.
Stasiulaitytė, Rasa. "Europos Sąjungos prekybos aplinkos taršos leidimais sistemos vertinimas Lietuvoje". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20141223_184446-84906.
Texto completoEU requirements are forming Lithuanian climate policy. All liabilities are based on international agreements. After 1995 when Lithuanian parliament ratified the United Nations Framework on Climate Change (UNFCC) and in 2002 signed the Kyoto Protocol was started international work against climate change. This paper deals with main liabilities of Lithuania in climate changing policy and processes, the main key legislation and responsibilities of institution implementing with climate changes. Also the assessment of EU emission allowances trading system is done. One of the strongest instruments in a process of stopping global warming is trade of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions mitigation policy. It‘s important to understand the meaning of GHG emission trading system, because we all are affected by the climate change. Research object - European Union emission allowance trading system’s assessment in Lithuania. The main target of the paper – to make the analysis of the EU Climate change policy and to make the emission allowance trading system‘s assessment in Lithuania. The main tasks of the paper: 1. To analyze what is the impact of climate change and which instruments are used to control the climate change. 2. To discuss the main models and methods of the emission allowances. 3. To emit what are the main aspects of the climate change system. 4. To analyze which low papers are the main of reglamentation processes in climate change policy, which institutions are responsible for... [to full text]