Tesis sobre el tema "Simulations quantiques"
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Arnaud, Ludovic. "Statistique de l'interférence quantique et circuits quantiques aléatoires". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00599990.
Texto completoGaillard, Philippe. "Modélisation de la croissance de boîtes quantiques sous contrainte élastique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4303/document.
Texto completoThe growth and morphology of quantum dots is currently a popular subject as these structures have numerous potential uses, specifically in microelectronics and optoelectronics. Control of the size, shape and distribution of these dots is of critical importance for the uses that are being considered. This thesis presents a theoretical and numerical study of the growth of islands during molecular beam epitaxy. In order to study these dots, we used two models : a nonlinear study of an Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld like instability, and kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. The first model is appropriate for low misfit systems, and is detailed in the case where misfit is anisotropic (this is the case when depositing GaN on AlGaN). In this case we took into account elastic effects, wetting effects and evaporation. Numerical calculations show faster growth, compared to the isotropic misfit case, and the growth of strongly anisotropic islands.The second model is based on kinetic Monte Carlo simulations that can describe 3D island nucleation. We use these simulations to study systems with high misfits, specifically Ge on Si. Adatom diffusion on a surface is considered and takes into account elastic effects, and surface energy anisotropy, that allows us to stabilize (105) facets. Simulation results show the growth of pyramid-shaped 3D islands, as observed in experiments, and their ripening is interrupted. The results of these simulations are then compared to the case of 2D nucleation, and we find that several of the known 2D properties also apply to 3D islands. Specifically, island density depends on a power law of D/F, the diffusion coefficient divided by the deposition flux
Gonon, Benjamin. "Simulations quantiques non-adiabatiques d’un photo-interrupteur moléculaire vers un dialogue expérience-théorie". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT186/document.
Texto completoThis thesis adresses the study and control of the photo-reactivity of molecular switches, here the photo-isomerisation of spiropyrans. This theoretical work has been achieved in close collaboration with the experimental team PFL within the ICB in Dijon. Non-adiabatic quantum dynamics simulations were carried out so as to reproduce and rationalise the experimental results from time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy. Such experiments have demonstrated ultra-fast photo-reactivity (~ 100 fs) following excitation by an ultra-short LASER pulse. It is interpreted as an internal conversion mechanism between the first singlet excited eletronic state and the ground state via a conical intersection. The theoretical study used the ring-opening reaction of benzopyran as a model. Developments were made regarding: (1) The exploration of the reaction mechanism and the computation of potential energy surfaces with perturbative, post-CASSCF quantum chemistry methods (XMCQDPT2). This investigation showed that results changed significantly compared to those reported in the literature with lower-level calculations. (2) The generation of a diabatic Hamiltonian based on ab initio XMCQDPT2 data. Owing to the significant anharmonicity in the ground electronic state, we designed a new effective approach, quite different from the previous studies. (3) The production of non-adiabatic quantum dynamics simulations using the MCTDH method. The results thus obtained are in excellent agreement with the experimental ones. Including explicitly the LASER pulse allowed us to reproduce and rationalise the action of pulse shaping on control observed in experiments. The present work thus made possible the succesful implementation of a theoretical/experimental collaboration
Giuriato, Umberto. "Dynamique des particules actives dans les superfluides et leur interaction avec les vortex quantiques". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4062.
Texto completoSuperfluids are inviscid flows in which vorticity is supported on filaments with quantized circulation. Such objects, known as quantum vortices, exhibit a hydrodynamical behavior. Experimentally, the dynamics of superfluids has been studied by using particles, which nowadays have become the main tool for visualizing quantum vortices. In this Thesis, we study numerically and analytically the dynamics of active and finite-size particles in superfluids. The superfluid is modeled with the Gross–Pitaevskii equation, while the particles are implemented as moving repulsive potentials coupled with the macroscopic wave function describing the superfluid. Firstly, the model is used to investigate the interaction between particles and quantum vortices at very low temperatures. This part aims to give a theoretical background to the current experiments in which macroscopic particles are used to sample superfluid vortices and quantum turbulence. Specifically, we address the following problems: the capture of a particle by a quantum vortex, the reconnections of vortex filaments and the propagation of Kelvin waves in presence trapped particles and the dynamics of particles in decaying quantum turbulence. In the last part of the manuscript, finite temperature effects are studied in the Fourier-truncated Gross–Pitaevskii model. The goal is to characterize the dynamics of impurities immersed in a thermal bath and how their presence modifies the statistical properties of the fluid. In particular, the random motion of the impurities and the temperature dependence of the friction coefficient are studied. Finally, the clustering of impurities and its effect on the phase transitions of the condensate are investigated
Domenge, Jean-Christophe. "Brisures de symétrie dans les modèles de Heisenberg classiques et quantiques en deux dimensions". Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010943.
Texto completoForets, Irurtia Marcelo Alejandro. "Marches quantiques et mécanique quantique relativiste". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAM028/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the development of two well-known models of computation for their application in quantum computer simulations. These models are the quantum walk (QW) and quantum cellular automata (QCA) models, and they constitute doubly strategic topics in this respect. First, they are privileged mathematical settings in which to encode the description of the actual physical system to be simulated. Second, they offer an experimentally viable architecture for actual physical devices performing the simulation.For QWs, we prove precise error bounds and convergence rates of the discrete scheme towards the Dirac equation, thus validating the QW as a quantum simulation scheme. Furthermore, for both models we formulate a notion of discrete Lorentz covariance, which admits a diagrammatic representation in terms of local, circuit equivalence rules. We also study the continuum limit of a wide class of QWs, and show that it leads to a class of PDEs which includes the Hamiltonian form of the massive Dirac equation in (1+1)-dimensional curved spacetime.Finally, we study the two particle sector of a QCA. We find the conditions for the existence of discrete spectrum (interpretable as molecular binding) for short-range and for long-range interactions. This is achieved using perturbation techniques of trace class operators and spectral analysis of unitary operators
Lévi, Benjamin. "Simulation de systèmes quantiques sur un ordinateur quantique réaliste". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007592.
Texto completoDi, Molfetta Giuseppe. "Discrete time quantum walks : from synthetic gauge fields to spontaneous equilibration". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066220/document.
Texto completoProblems too demanding for classical computers can be approached promisingly with quantum simulators, which operate using one controllable quantum system in order to investigate the behavior and properties of a less accessible one. Over the past few years, significant progress has been made in a number of experimental and theoretical fields. Quantum Walks (QWs) are simple and sophisticated discrete space and time dynamical systems and it has been shown that in the continuous limit different emergent quantum fields can be simulated. In this thesis we will draw on QWs to further explore various areas of interest in Physics. More specifically our analysis will branch out into three main directions: (i) the connection between QWs and quantum field theory, with particular attention to bridging the quantum coin of QWs with the geometrical properties of gauge field theories; (ii) the study of QWs' classical limit and of the transient semi-classical dynamics, especially in relation with field theories; (iii) the spontaneous equilibration and thermalization in some nonlinear QWs-like models. Every step of this thesis will be validated by specific analytical results and numerical implementations
Gondret, Victor. "On the entanglement of quasi-particles in a Bose-Einstein Condensate". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UPASP005.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the non-separability of pairs of quasi-particles excited by parametric resonance. The experimental setup used here allows the production of a Bose-Einstein condensate of metastable helium. The use of an ultra-cold atomic gas makes it possible to reach sufficiently low temperatures to observe intrinsically quantum phenomena: the non-separability of the state. In this work, we use the condensate as a coherent reservoir to populate two momentum modes. The advantage of metastable helium is its high internal energy, which allows the electronic detection of single particles. We therefore measure the position and the time of impact of the particles after a time of flight of 308 ms, which allows us to reconstruct the in-trap momentum distribution. In the first theoretical contribution of this work, we demonstrate that measuring the two- and four-body correlation functions not only attests to, but also quantifies the non-separability of a Gaussian state. We also derive a new entanglement witness using only the two-body correlation function. In the experimental part, we improve the machine used to produce our ultra-cold gas and enhance its stability. We implement original techniques to deflect part of the atoms and avoid the saturation of our detector. These improvements allow us to observe the non-separability of the state
Marquez, Martin Ivan. "Quantum walks : background geometry and gauge invariance". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0698.
Texto completoThere are many problems that cannot be solved using current classical computers. One manner to approach a solution of these systems is by using quantum computers. However, building a quantum computer is really challenging from the experimental side. Quantum simulators have been capable to solve some of these problems, as they are realizable experimentally. Discrete Time Quantum Walks (DTQWs) have been proved to be an useful tool to quantum simulate physical systems. In the continuous limit, a family of differential equations can be achieved, in particular, the Dirac equation can be recovered. In this thesis we study QWs as possible schemes for quantum simulation. Specifically, we can summarize our results in: i) We introduce a QW-based model in which a brane theory can be simulated in the continuum, opening the possibility to study more general theories with extra dimensions; ii) Electromagnetic gauge invariance in QWs is discussed, presenting some similarities and differences to previous models. This QW model also makes a connection to gauge invariance in lattice gauge theories (LGT); iii) We introduce QWs over non-rectangular lattices, such a triangular or honeycomb structures, for the purpose of simulating the Dirac equation in the continuum. We also extent these models, by introducing local coin operators, that allow us to reproduce the dynamics of quantum particles under a curved space time
Bidzhiev, Kemal. "Out-of-equilibrium dynamics in a quantum impurity model". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS352/document.
Texto completoThe fields of in- and out-of-equilibrium quantum many-body systems are major topics in Physics, and in condensed-matter Physics in particular. The equilibrium properties of one-dimensional problems are well studied and understood theoretically for a vast amount of interacting models, from lattice spin chains to quantum fields in a continuum. This progress was allowed by the development of diverse powerful techniques, for instance, Bethe ansatz, renormalization group, bosonization, matrix product states and conformal field theory. Although the equilibrium characteristics of many models are known, this is in general not enough to describe their non-equilibrium behaviors, the latter often remain less explored and much less understood. Quantum impurity models represent some of the simplest many-body problems. But despite their apparent simplicity, they can capture several important experimental phenomena, from the Kondo effect in metals to transport in nanostructures such as point contacts or quantum dots. In this thesis consider a classic impurity model - the interacting resonant level model (IRLM). The model describes spinless fermions in two semi-infinite leads that are coupled to a resonant level -- called quantum dot or impurity -- via weak tunneling and Coulomb repulsion. We are interested in out-of-equilibrium situations where some particle current flows through the dot, and study transport characteristics like the steady current (versus voltage), differential conductance, backscattered current, current noise or the entanglement entropy. We perform extensive state-of-the-art computer simulations of model dynamics with the time-dependent density renormalization group method (tDMRG) which is based on a matrix product state description of the wave functions. We obtain highly accurate results concerning the current-voltage and noise-voltage curves of the IRLM in a wide range parameter of the model (voltage bias, interaction strength, tunneling amplitude to the dot, etc.).These numerical results are analyzed in the light of some exact out-of-equilibrium field-theory results that have been obtained for a model similar to the IRLM, the boundary sine-Gordon model (BSG).This analysis is in particular based on identifying an emerging Kondo energy scale and relevant exponents describing the high- and low- voltage regimes. At the two specific points where the models are known to be equivalent our results agree perfectly with the exact solution. Away from these two points, we find that, within the precision of our simulations, the transport curves of the IRLM and BSG remain very similar, which was not expected and which remains somewhat unexplained
Negrevergne, C. "Controle quantique grâce aux méthodes de RMN. Application à la simulation de systèmes quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004371.
Texto completoLes methodes de Resonance Magnetique Nucleaire en solution permettent d'initialiser, de manipuler et d'observer l'etat d'un systeme de spins 1/2 couples. ces methodes ont ete utilisees pour realiser experimentalement un petit processeur d'information quantique (QIP pour "Quantum Information processor") pouvant executer une centaine d'operations elementaires. un des themes principaux de ce travail a ete de concevoir, d'optimiser et de valiser des sequences d'impulsions necessaires pour "programmer" ce QIP.
ces techniques ont ete utilises pour executer un algorithme quantique de simulation des systemes anyoniques. des resultats experimentaux pour la determination des energies propres et de fonctions de correlation d'un systeme illustratif de fermions sur reseaux ont ete obtenus permettant de valider l'algorithme de simulation dans son principe et son execution experimentale.
Negrevergne, Camille. "Contrôle quantique grâce aux méthodes de RMN : application à la simulation de systèmes quantiques". Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12593.
Texto completoCoraux, Johann. "Etude par spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction de la croissance et de l'encapsulation de boites quantiques GaN/AlN". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105778.
Texto completoLa mesure des structures fines en conditions de diffraction (spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction) et de la diffraction anomale, dans une géométrie en incidence rasante indispensable pour l'étude de nanoobjets, à nécessité des développements expérimentaux spécifiques. Conjointement, un effort particulier a été porté sur la prise en compte des effets dynamiques associés à l'utilisation d'une incidence rasante, dans l'analyse quantitative des résultats. En outre, les résultats ont été confrontés à des simulations des diagrammes de diffraction, des structures fines en condition de diffraction et de la diffraction anomale, sur la base de simulations des champs de déformations dans les boîtes quantiques.
L'encapsulation de boîtes quantiques GaN (0001) par AlN, susceptible de modifier les propriétés structurales et donc optoélectroniques des boîtes, a été étudié, in situ pendant la croissance et ex situ, par diffraction anomale et spectroscopie X en condition de diffraction ou d'absorption, par TEM et AFM. Ces mesures ont permis de proposer un mécanisme d'encapsulation original, et de mettre en évidence l'évolution des propriétés structurales des boîtes pendant l'encapsulation. L'empilement de plans de boîtes quantiques, et les effets de corrélations verticale de la position des boîtes associés, ont par ailleurs été étudié in situ, par diffraction anomale et diffusion aux petits angles en incidence rasante. Par RHEED, une étude préliminaire structurale du mûrissement des boîtes quantiques GaN (0001) a été entreprise. Enfin, AFM, TEM et MEIS ont permis d'analyser les propriétés structurales et optoélectroniques de boîtes quantiques GaN (11-20) auto-organisées.
Metais, Cyrielle. "Impact des analogues sédimentaires et de la stœchiométrie sur la métastabilité structurale, la cinétique de formation et la sélectivité moléculaire des hydrates de gaz : une étude physico-chimique combinant diffraction neutronique, spectroscopie Raman et calculs quantiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCD071.
Texto completoGas clathrate hydrates are nanoporous crystalline solids composed of hydrogen-bonded water molecules forming cages within which gaseous guest molecules are encapsulated. Clathrate hydrates are considered to be pivotal ingredients due to their natural occurrence. They constitute a great part of the Earth’s seafloor sediments but are also involved as a byproduct in gas and oil pipeline blockages. They are also known to play a role in extraterrestrial planetary and cometary formation scenari. A very important observation common to both terrestrial and extraterrestrial clathrate hydrates is that they are predominantly and naturally formed in the presence of porous dusty ice media, possibly enriched in minerals, hydrated salts and/or sediments. The impact of these mineral impurities onto the physical-chemistry properties of clathrate hydrates (trapped-gas selectivity, thermodynamic promotion or kinetics modification) is of prime importance to track the evolution of the abundances of species taking part in the compositions of hydrate-bearing deposits on Earth and on extraterrestrial bodies. Since the hydrate morphology and distribution both depend on the medium property (chemical composition, hydrophobicity, pore space, bulk stiffness), a fundamental understanding of the hydrate selectivity, thermodynamics, formation and dissociation mechanisms onto/into mineral-like media appears to be crucial.This PhD work falls in that research context. Mixtures of CO2, N2 and CH4 gases were used to synthesize hydrates in the presence of silica beads, used as surrogates for the natural hydrate environment. Quantum chemistry calculations (in the Density Functional Theory approximation) were performed on pure CO2 and N2 hydrates: this study revealed how cage occupancy influences the structural stability of the various types of formed hydrates. Powder neutron diffraction yields the formation of these systems to be followed in situ, i.e., under pressures and temperatures mimicking natural environments. It reveals a strong influence of sedimentary particle size on the hydrate formation kinetics. Raman spectroscopy was used to study the molecular selectivity within mixed hydrates (co-including several species) in the presence of the sedimentary particles and it is showed that the latter ones also influence the selectivity, in comparison with systems formed without sedimentary surrogates. This whole set of results open up new opportunities on both applied (gas separation, kinetic promoter) and fundamental (hydrates in natural environments) aspects
Marion, Antoine. "Dynamiques moléculaires utilisant un champ de force quantique semiempirique : développement et applications à des systèmes d'intérêt biologique". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0169/document.
Texto completoThe present work is devoted to the development of approximate quantum chemistry methods that are suitable to treat biological systems of large size. In particular, we run molecular dynamics under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, allowing a quantum mechanical description of the electronic Hamiltonian of the full system: SEBOMD (SemiEmpirical Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics). Our method is based on a semiempirical (SE) electronic Hamiltonian. One of the key issues arising in a condensed phase SEBOMD simulation is represented by the choice of the SE method. Since most of the currently available approaches fail in describing some relevant intermolecular interactions, we developed a new correction of SE Hamiltonians. This method, which we named PM3-PIF3, was applied to study the molecular dynamics of organic molecules in water. The results that we obtained showed that our technique is suitable to treat molecules having hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic groups in an aqueous medium. The analysis of the electronic and vibrational properties of these molecules in the presence of the solvent validates our results with respect to experimental and theoretical studies in the literature. Finally, we investigated the water self-Dissociation process in confined environments. After discussing the choice of the SE Hamiltonian to be used for this purpose, we characterized the proton transfer in a water cluster. We established a correlation between the free energy of the first step of this process and some collective physical properties
Vu, Van Binh. "Theoretical studies of novel graphene based nanostructures". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASP039.
Texto completoSince its discovery, graphene has become a focal point of extensive research and interest because of its exceptional mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics. Nevertheless, the absence of a bandgap in graphene constitutes a barrier to applications in optics, nanoelectronics, and spintronics. Bandgap engineering involving the nanostructuration of graphene has been developed over the years, such as by quantum confinement, to overcome this limitation. This theoretical work is dedicated to the change of electronic, optical, and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS) responses as a function of system size of new carbon materials like graphene nanomeshes (GNMs), shape/size controlled graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs), in order to compare and analyze experimental data. These new carbon materials are theoretically deposited on gold Au(111) surfaces in STM simulation performed using the Non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism based on the Fireball DFT method to support the experimental data. Concerning GQDs, we simulate their absorption spectrum using the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equations (BSE), if possible, to compare directly with the experiment data. Otherwise, their optical properties are achieved by a lower approach, the Tight-Binding (TB) approach. Also, the impacts of aggregations and impurities on their optical responses are explored by studying the twisted bilayer of the GQDs via the TB method. Moreover, the changes in these new carbon materials' electronic properties as a function of their system size are extracted using the TB method. The performance of the TB method is verified by DFT and GW simulations. Finally, other low-dimensional materials, new close-to 30° twisted hexagonal boron nitride bilayer structures (hBN-TBLs), are also studied in this thesis. DFT and TB methods perform the electronic and optical structures of further 30° hBN-TBLs to obtain the fit parameters for the TB model. These parameters are then used to predict closer to 30° hBN-TBLs, which are hardly to be obtained by DFT
Gallego, Samy. "Modélisation Mathématique et Simulation Numérique de Systèmes Fluides Quantiques". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00218256.
Texto completoNous avons donc commencé dans le chapitre I par proposer une discrétisation du plus simple de ces modèles qu'est le modèle de Dérive-Diffusion Quantique sur un domaine fermé. Puis nous avons décidé dans le chapitre II et III d'appliquer ce modèle au transport d'électrons dans les semiconducteurs en choisissant comme dispositif ouvert la diode à effet tunnel résonnant. Ensuite nous nous sommes intéressés au chapitre IV à l'étude et l'implémentation du modèle d'Euler Quantique Isotherme, avant de s'attaquer aux modèles non isothermes dans le chapitre V avec l'étude des modèles d'Hydrodynamique Quantique et de Transport d'Énergie Quantique. Enfin, le chapitre VI s'intéresse à un problème un petit peu différent en proposant un schéma asymptotiquement stable dans la limite semi-classique pour l'équation de Schrödinger écrite dans sa formulation fluide: le système de Madelung.
Gavra, Iona Alexandra. "Algorithmes stochastiques d'optimisation sous incertitude sur des structures complexes : convergence et applications". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30141/document.
Texto completoThe main topics of this thesis involve the development of stochastic algorithms for optimization under uncertainty, the study of their theoretical properties and applications. The proposed algorithms are modified versions of simulated an- nealing that use only unbiased estimators of the cost function. We study their convergence using the tools developed in the theory of Markov processes: we use properties of infinitesimal generators and functional inequalities to measure the distance between their probability law and a target one. The first part is concerned with quantum graphs endowed with a probability measure on their vertex set. Quantum graphs are continuous versions of undirected weighted graphs. The starting point of the present work was the question of finding Fréchet means on such a graph. The Fréchet mean is an extension of the Euclidean mean to general metric spaces and is defined as an element that minimizes the sum of weighted square distances to all vertices. Our method relies on a Langevin formulation of a noisy simulated annealing dealt with using homogenization. In order to establish the convergence in probability of the process, we study the evolution of the relative entropy of its law with respect to a convenient Gibbs measure. Using functional inequalities (Poincare and Sobolev) and Gronwall's Lemma, we then show that the relative entropy goes to zero. We test our method on some real data sets and propose an heuristic method to adapt the algorithm to huge graphs, using a preliminary clustering. In the same framework, we introduce a definition of principal component analysis for quantum graphs. This implies, once more, a stochastic optimization problem, this time on the space of the graph's geodesics. We suggest an algorithm for finding the first principal component and conjecture the convergence of the associated Markov process to the wanted set. On the second part, we propose a modified version of the simulated annealing algorithm for solving a stochastic global optimization problem on a finite space. Our approach is inspired by the general field of Monte Carlo methods and relies on a Markov chain whose probability transition at each step is defined with the help of mini batches of increasing (random) size. We prove the algorithm's convergence in probability towards the optimal set, provide convergence rate and its optimized parametrization to ensure a minimal number of evaluations for a given accuracy and a confidence level close to 1. This work is completed with a set of numerical experiments and the assessment of the practical performance both on benchmark test cases and on real world examples
Schaack, Sofiane. "Nuclear quantum effects in hydrated nanocrystals". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS370.pdf.
Texto completoThe quantum nature of nuclei yields unexpected and often paradoxical behaviors. Due to the lightness of its nucleus, the hydrogen is a most likely candidate for such effects. During this thesis, we focus on complexe hydrated systems, namely, the brucite minerals (Mg(OH)2), the methane hydrate (CH4-H2O) and the sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which display complex mechanisms driven by the proton quantum properties. Brucite exhibits the coexistence of thermally activated hopping and quantum tunneling with opposite behaviors as pressure is increased. The unforeseen consequence is a pressure sweet spot for proton diffusion. Simultaneously, pressure gives rise to a «quantum» quasi two-dimensional hydrogen plane, non-trivially connected with proton diffusion. Upon compression, methane hydrate displays an important increase of the inter-molecular interactions between water and enclosed methane molecules. In contrast with ice, the hydrogen bond transition does not shift by H/D isotopic substitution. This is explained by an important delocalization of the proton which also triggers a transition toward a new MH-IV methane hydrate phase, stable up to 150 GPa which represents the highest pressure reached to date by any hydrate. Sodium hydroxide has a phase transition below room temperature at ambient pressure only in its deuterated version. This radical isotope effect can be explained by the quantum delocalization of the proton as compared with deuteron shifting the temperature-induced phase transition of NaOD towards a pressure-induced one in NaOH
Turinici, Gabriel. "Contrôle et simulations numériques en chimie quantique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377193.
Texto completoTrenado, Nicolas. "Modélisation et simulation des composants optoélectroniques à puits quantiques". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010221.
Texto completoTrenado, Nicolas. "Modelisation et simulation des composants optoélectroniques à puits quantiques". Rouen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ROUES051.
Texto completoThe main goal of this work is the implementation of a new method to calculate bound states in multiquantum well devices. It focuses on the improvement of simulation tools and therefore helps the design of optoelectronic devices prior to their fabrication. We describe the physical model used as well as the classical methods usually employed for this calculation. Compared to first order finite element approach, our method deals correctly with borderline cases like coupling of identical wells or valence bands calculation of large wells and is also advantageous in terms of computational time. The aim of this calculation is the material gain evaluation that is the basis for device simulation. Our new module completes the BCBV simulator of which we will describe the main models such as that of drift-diffusion and electro-optic coupling in the semi-classical approach. However, the quantum wells can require a density matrix approach to take into account transport phenomena more precisely. Finally, we try to compare simulation results with experimental measurements taken from Fabry-Pérot lasers
Gallego, Samy Degond Pierre Méhats Florian. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation numérique de systèmes fluides quantiques". Toulouse (Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse 3), 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/98.
Texto completoSzewc, Wojciech. "Theory and simulation of scanning gate microscopy : applied to the investigation of transport in quantum point contacts". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876522.
Texto completoCattaneo, David. "Modélisation graphique et simulation en traitement d'information quantique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM076/document.
Texto completoGraph States formalism consist in using graphs to model quantum states. This formalism allows us to use notion and tools of graph theory (e.g. flow, domination, probabilistic methods) in quantum information processing. Last years, this combinatorial modelisation had lead to many decisiv breakthroughs, in particular (i) in the comprehension of the quantum entranglement properties (ii) in very promising in term of physical implementation quantum calculus model, and (iii) in the analysis and construction of quantum cryptography protocols. The goal of this thesis is to study the graphic properties emerging of those quantum information processing problematics, especially for quantum simulation. In particular, the properties of causality and locality in graph states, by extanding for exemple the existing notion of causality flows to a notion integring the locality constraints, would allow new perspectives for the quantum system simulation using graphs states. Formal connections with noisy quantum cellular automata would emerge from this study
Leuliet, Aude. "Simulation du transport dans les lasers à cascade quantique". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077070.
Texto completoQuantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are unipolar semiconductor devices based on the electronic transitions in the conduction band of a multiple quantum wells Systems and on resonant tunnelling. They are the only coherent semiconducting sources in the mid infrared to allow ambient temperature operation. The thesis aims at calculating the current in QCLs. After a short introduction on QCLs, the thesis is divided into 3 parts. The first part details the different diffusion processes taking place in the active region and determines which are the most important processes. The second part contains a study of QCLs under strong magnetic fields (up to 45 Teslas). This allow a more precise determination of processes taking place in the active region. The last part describes the calculation of the current in the QCL, based on the diffusion determined in the first chapters
Darancet, Pierre. "Théorie et simulation du transport quantique dans les nanostructures". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE10261.
Texto completoThis theoretical work focuses on the electronic quantum transport in nanostructures. We used the theoretical framework of the Landauer and post-Landauer approaches. The critical point within these approaches in order to correctly describe the transport problem is the approximation on the self-energies, which are supposed to represent simultaneously contact resistance effects as well as interactions in the device. In this work, we adressed both these issues. In order to describe the contact resistance mechanisms, we developped a method based on the effective conductance channels concept. The recursive calculation of these channels, together with the derivation of a new formula of the conductance, provide us with an exact description of the contact effects. Moreover, we built a new \textit{ab initio} methodology, which allows us to introduce the electron-electron interactions in the quantum transport through the Hedin's approximation of the self-energy. The second part of this work deals with the analysis of the transport properties of graphene. We firstly analysed the experimental magneto-resistance characteristics of epitaxial graphene, and explained them by a mechanism consecutive to the planes stacking. Eventually, we calculated the conductance characteristics of devices compound by graphene nanostructures. We shown that such devices exhibit very high contact resistance effects, which can be explained by means of electron diffraction. We introduced the electronic diffraction barrier concept, which allows us to extract conductance characteristics, without determining the electronic structure
Darancet, Pierre. "Théorie et simulation du transport quantique dans les nanostructures". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363630.
Texto completoDillet, Valérie. "Simulation des effets de solvant dans les calculs quantiques de structure moléculaire". Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10123.
Texto completoParadis, François. "Points de vue alternatifs en simulations numériques de la physique quantique". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24586/24586.pdf.
Texto completoNicolas, Cédric. "Femtochimie de l'électron hydraté : dynamique moléculaire mixte classique quantique". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112100.
Texto completoA mixed quantum classical dynamics simulation method has been developped and applied to study the excess electron in condensed phase. In this method, the excess electron is treated with quantum mechanics whereas the rest of the system is described with semi-empirical potentials. The Newton's equations of motion are used to evolve the classical phase space coordinates. The excess electron wave-function is expanded in a basis set of spherical Gaussians, distributed on a regular cubic lattice and the interaction between this electron and the other molecules of the system is described with pseudopotentials. We have studied two systems composed of a Ag+ or Na+ cation and an excess electron in water. With sodium cation, the stable state corresponds to a contact pair whereas the silver cation is reduced by the excess electron to form a polarised solvated atom. In both cases, calculated absorption spectra are in good agreement with experimental ones. With free energy curve calculations, we were able to conclude that these structures are effectively the most stable. In the case of Na+, the potential barrier leading to separately solvated species is much lower (3 kBT) than in the case of Ag+ (27 kBT). We have also studied the influence of the temperature and density on the behaviour of these systems. We were able to reproduce the red shift of the absorption spectrum of solvated electron with increasing temperature. We have shown that this shift if mostly due to the decrease of density witch arises simultaneously to the increase of temperature. For the silver atom, we have found no significant effect of temperature or density in accordance with experiments
Bouliane, Vincent. "Électrodynamique quantique en circuit : mesures à grand nombre de photons". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5889.
Texto completoFahri, Emmanuel. "Etude des anomalies paraélectriques quantiques de pérovskites dérivées de KTaO3". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20190.
Texto completoBonno, Olivier. "Simulation Monte Carlo du transport quantique dans les composants nanométriques : application à l'étude de lasers à cascade quantique térahertz". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009033.
Texto completoBonno, Olivier Thobel Jean-Luc. "Simulation Monte Carlo du transport quantique dans les composants nanométriques application à l'étude de lasers à cascade quantique térahertz /". Villeneuve d'Ascq : Université des sciences et technologies de Lille, 2007. https://iris.univ-lille1.fr/dspace/handle/1908/197.
Texto completoNedel, Patrick. "Nanostructures photoniques ultimes pour l'information quantique". Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00676648.
Texto completoTurinici, Gabriel. "Analyse des méthodes numériques de simulation et contrôle en chimie quantique". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377187.
Texto completoBescond, Marc. "Modélisation et simulation du transport quantique dans les transistors MOS nanométriques". Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008075.
Texto completoTurinici, Gabriel. "Analyse de methodes numeriques de simulation et controle en chimie quantique". Paris 6, 2000. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377187.
Texto completoBouazra, Adel. "Simulation des mécanismes de transport quantique dans les nanocomposants sur Silicium". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAL0040.
Texto completo[Reducing the size of electronic components has resulted in inevitable quantum effects such as quantum confinement and tunnelling affect. We have used these phenomena to the study of quantum transport through ultra-thin oxides. We began by studying the quantum transport for 1D structures by solving the coup led Schrodinger-Poisson equations. Oxide ls not perfect and lake account of trap is essential. The trap is modelled by a thin quantum well in the matrix or in interface between two oxides. One dimensions! modelling ls not enough to explain all quantum phenomena, therefore the study and modelling of nanoscale inclusions having a two-dimensions confinement for quantum wire and three dimensional confinement quantum dot, ls essential. To this end we solved the Schr6dinger equations in 20 and 30. The study of the phenomenon of transport through quantum dots, requires solving equations of Schrodinger-Poisson 3D. We face two main problems, technically very difficult to solve, which are the enormous computation al lime and machine memory space taken for solving eigenvalue problems. Some approximations have been made to solve this problem. ]
Arnault, Pablo. "Discrete-time quantum walks and gauge theories". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066135/document.
Texto completoA quantum (Q) computer (QC), i.e. utilizing the resources of Q physics, superposition of states and entanglement, could fournish an exponential gain in computing time. A simulation using such resources is called a Q simulation (QS). The advantage of QSs over classical ones is well established at the theoretical, i.e. software level. Their practical benefit requires their implementation on a Q hardware. The QC, i.e. the universal one (see below), has not seen the light of day yet, but the efforts in this direction are both growing and diverse. Also, QS has already been illustrated by numerous experimental proofs of principle, thanks too small-size and specific-task Q computers or simulators. Q walks (QWs) are particularly-studied QS schemes, being elementary bricks to conceive any Q algorithm, i.e. to achieve so-called universal Q computation. The present thesis is a step more towards a simulation of Q field theories based on discrete-time QWs (DTQWs). Indeed, it is shown, in certain cases, how DTQWs can simulate, in the continuum, the action of Yang-Mills gauge fields on fermionic matter, and the retroaction of the latter on the gauge-field dynamics. The suggested schemes preserve gauge invariance on the spacetime lattice, i.e. not only in the continuum. In the (1+2)D Abelian case, consistent lattice equivalents to both Maxwell’s equations and the current conservation are suggested. In the (1+1)D non-Abelian case, a lattice version of the non-Abelian field strength is suggested. Moreover, it is shown how this fermionic matter based on DTQWs can be coupled to relativistic gravitational fields of the continuum, i.e. to curved spacetimes, in several spatial dimensions
Armagnat, Pacôme. "Physique quantique et électrostatique auto-cohérentes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY024/document.
Texto completoElectrostatic energy is very often the largest energy scale in quantum nanoelectronic systems. Yet, in theoretical work or numerical simulations, the electrostatic landscape is equally often taken for granted as an external potential, which may result in a wrong physical picture. Developing numerical tools that can properly handle the electrostatics and its interplay with quantum mechanics is of utter importance for the understanding of quantum devices in e.g. semi-conducting or graphene like materials.This thesis is devoted to the self-consistent quantum-electrostatic problem. This problem (also known as Poisson-Schr"odinger) is notoriously difficult in situations where the density of states varies rapidly with energy. At low temperatures, these fluctuations make the problem highly non-linear which renders iterative schemes deeply unstable. In this thesis, we present a stable algorithm that provides a solution to this problem with controlled accuracy. The technique is intrinsically convergent including in highly non-linear regimes. Thus, it provides a viable route for the predictive modeling of the transport properties of quantum nanoelectronics devices.We illustrate our approach with a calculation of the differential conductance of a quantum point contact geometry.We also revisit the problem of the compressible and incompressible stripes in the integer quantum Hall regime. Our calculations reveal the existence of a new ”hybrid” phase at intermediate magnetic field that separate the low field phase from the high field stripes.In a second part we construct a theory that describes the propagation of the collective excitations (plasmons) that can be excited in two-dimensional electron gases. Our theory, which reduces to Luttinger liquid in one dimension can be directly connected to the microscopic quantum-electrostatic problem enabling us to make predictions free of any free parameters. We discuss recent experiments made in Grenoble that aim at demonstrating electronic flying quantum bits. We find that our theory agrees quantitatively with the experimental data
Lhuillier, Emmanuel. "Transports electronique dans les super-réseaux : applications aux détecteurs infrarouges à grandes longueur d'onde". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/52/86/65/PDF/THESE_EL.pdf.
Texto completoThe low flux infrared imaging needs performant high wavelength detectors. Quantum Well Infrared Photodetectors (QWIP), thanks to the maturity of GaAs, the possibility to adjust the detected wavelength on a large range and to realize large uniform matrix are good candidate for such applications. In order to validate this interest, we have performed an electro-optic characterization of a 15µm sample. These measurements have been used to simulate the performance of a camera based on this QWIP and used in a low infrared photons flux scenario. We predict that this QWIP would succeed. Nevertheless these simulations also underline the detrimental role of the dark current. Thus we have developed a simulation tool based on a hoping approach between localized states, which provide us a better understanding of the transport in these heterostructures. The code has in particular underlines the role plays by the electron –ionized impurities interaction, which make the dark current very sensitive to the doping profile. Using this tool we have designed new structures, with optimized doping profile, in which the scattering rate has been decreased by a factor two. Moreover we have identified a quantum origin to the plateau shape of the I(V) curve. This code is more generally a useful simulation tool for the transport in hétérostructures. The influence of growth defects (non ideal interface and disorder) has been quantized and we have performed the first evaluation of The R0A in a THz QCD. Finally non local transport effects have been investigated. Saw teeth observation on the I(V) curves have been modeled and their influence on the detectivty estimated
Polizzi, Eric. "Modélisation et simulations numériques du transport quantique balistique dans les nanostructures semi-conductrices". Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0023.
Texto completoThis thesis is concerned with the modeling and numerical simulations of ballistic quantum transport in multidimensionnal open devices. The simulation is performed by solving self-consistently the Schrödinger equation (for electrons) and Poisson equation (for space charge effects). To account for injection phenmona, open boundary conditions are prescribed for the Schrödinger equations. In the case of the three dimensional electron waveguide devices such as T-stubs and quantum couplers, we show the importance of quantum effects in the active region. Moreover, a quasi-three dimensional model for these open heterostructures is proposed. The derivation of the model relies on the strong confinement of the electrons at the heterojunction which allows to split the three dimensional Schr\"odinger equation into a one Schrödinger equation for the confined direction and a two dimensional Schrödinger equation in the transport direction. The space charge effects are taken into account in a three dimensional framework. Numerical simulations of open split gate devices are used to illustrate the accuracy of the quasi-3D model versus the fully 3D model with much less numerical effort. The quasi-3D is used to show the importance of the non linear current voltage characteristics. The last part of the thesis deals with the bidimensional quantum model of the nanoscale MOSFET and shows some first results about the confinement of the electrons in the channel. Finally, the 3D code NESSIE which was developped during this thesis, is a tool which could be used to study a wide range of characteristics (current-voltage, temperature effects, conductance quantization effects\dots) of many open quantum structures
Grillet, Corentin. "Simulation du transport quantique dans les transistors en semi-conducteurs III-V". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT020.
Texto completoIn this work, we have implemented numerical methods to simulate III-V semiconductor transistors. Thanks to an eight-band k.p Hamiltonian and the non-equilibrium Green's functions formalism, we were able to account for many of the quantum effects that arise in these nano-scale devices. Indeed, in order to accurately predict their behavior, one must consider the impact of quantum confinement, tunneling, interferences, or electron-phonon interactions, to cite some of them. In our simulations, these phenomena manifest themselves in the form of short-channel effects, energy band shifts, band-to-band and source-to-drain tunneling processes, and also influence scattering events. Additionnaly, the model has been improved by the implementation of strain effects and surface roughness. This allowed us to formulate predicitions about the characteristics of different logic devices in a realistic context. The aim of this work was to look for possible III-V based candidates that could outperform current silicon technology. To carry out this investigation, we have studied different device architectures. First, we simulated a ultra-thin body n-type MOSFET with an In(Ga)As channel. Second, we made a further step towards ultra-scaled devices, by simulating gate-all-around nanowire transistors. Third, we moved to a totally different kind of architecture, by studying a vertical GaSb/AlSb/InAs tunnel-FET device
Ayyadi, Asma El. "Couplage des modèles classique-quantique. Simulation de la diode à effet tunnel". Toulouse, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAT0026.
Texto completoThe principal objective of this work of thesis is to deal with the problem of coupling macroscopic fluid models (namely the Drift-Diffusion model) with quantum models (namely the Schrödinger equation) for those semiconductor devices where quantum effects play an important role only in a (small) portion of the domain. The hybrid classic-quantum models derived here are then coupled self-consistently with Poisson equation on the whole domain. The starting point for deducing the interface conditions is the kinetic-quantum coupling studied by Ben Abdallah ('98). The interface conditions are obtained with a diffusion limiting process. Second order interface conditions incorporating kinetic boundary layer corrections are derived. Two analytical formulae for the extrapolation coefficient appearing in the second order interface conditions, are proposed : the first one is based on the approximation of the albedo operator and the second one is an iteration procedure first introduced by Golse-Klar ('95). Resonant tunnelling diodes are simulated for two test cases of the results of the literature and the model shows good performance. Chapter 3 contains the extension of the results of the previous chapter to the case of Fermi-Dirac statistics and it follows the same structure. In the chapter 4 collisions are included in the quantum model via the Pauli equation. Appropriate interface conditions are deduced. Chapter 5 deals with the time dependant case with Boltzmann statistics
Yehia, Raja. "Design and Optimization of Tools for the Quantum Internet". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS288.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis is written in the context of quantum Internet development. We try here to contribute to the community by discussing some security concerns and by providing detailed models and simulation studies of quantum internet architectures and protocols. We explore different aspects of quantum networks on the path to the Quantum Internet. After introducing basic quantum information notions, we define the Quantum Internet and highlight the main goals and challenges. Then, we list a few bipartite and multipartite applications. After that, we study the composable security of a multipartite entanglement verification protocol, that is used as a building block by many other protocols. In the following chapter, we perform simulations of different quantum repeater protocols allowing connection between two distant nodes. These repeaters use a defect in the crystalline structure of the diamond, that we model. Finally, the last two chapters are dedicated to building and simulating an international quantum network architecture that minimizes the necessary hardware for the end users. We first study a metropolitan network, called the Quantum City, that we simulate in a Parisian context. We highlight the main parameters and today’s performances. Then, we study the feasibility of connecting different quantum cities separated by hundred of kilometers using satellites
Michel, Antoine. "Quantum simulation for strongly interacting fermions with neutral atoms array : towards the simulation of materials of interest". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP149.
Texto completoQuantum simulation holds the promise of improving the atomic simulations used at EDF to anticipate the ageing of materials of interest. One simulator in particular seems well suited to modeling interacting electrons: the Rydberg atoms. The first task of this thesis is to design a variational algorithm that can be implemented on a Rydberg atom simulator for chemistry. This algorithm is specially designed for this platform and optimized by recent theoretical tools. We compare our numerical results, obtained with an emulation of a real experiment, with other approaches and show that our method is more efficient. Finally, we show that by limiting the number of measurements to make the experiment feasible on a real architecture, we can reach the fundamental energy of H2, LiH and BeH2 molecules with 5% error.For a second algorithm, we used the "slave" spin method to implement the physics of the Fermi-Hubbard 2D model on a Rydberg atom simulator. The idea is to decouple the degrees of freedom of charges and "slave" spins using a mean field to obtain two self-consistent Hamiltonians: a classically solvable one and an Ising Hamiltonian that can be reproduced on a real machine. We show numerically that we can recover a Mott transition from the initial model with this method even when emulating the noise of a real experiment, and we show that we can also recover the dynamics of non-equilibrium electrons in this same paradigm with good results. Both algorithms can possibly be improved theoretically until they reach materials of interest, but they can also be implemented on today's existing architectures, to achieve a potential quantum advantage
Bahlak, Samia. "Contribution à l'étude d'un modulateur acousto-optique à puits quantiques". Valenciennes, 1997. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/a93e0d34-1079-4e51-b081-345993233dd1.
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