Tesis sobre el tema "Simulations moléculaire interactive"
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Lanrezac, André. "Interprétation de données expérimentales par simulation et visualisation moléculaire interactive". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7133.
Texto completoThe goal of Interactive Molecular Simulations (IMS) is to observe the conformational dynamics of a molecular simulation in real-time. Instant visual feedback enables informative monitoring and observation of structural changes imposed by the user's manipulation of the IMS. I conducted an in-depth study of knowledge to gather and synthesize all the research that has developed IMS. Interactive Molecular Dynamics (IMD) is one of the first IMS protocols that laid the foundation for the development of this approach. My thesis laboratory was inspired by IMD to develop the BioSpring simulation engine based on the elastic network model. This model allows for the simulation of the flexibility of large biomolecular ensembles, potentially revealing long-timescale changes that would not be easily captured by molecular dynamics. This simulation engine, along with the UnityMol visualization software, developed through the Unity3D game engine, and linked by the MDDriver communication interface, has been extended to converge towards a complete software suite. The goal is to provide an experimenter, whether an expert or novice, with a complete toolbox for modeling, displaying, and interactively controlling all parameters of a simulation. The particular implementation of such a protocol, based on formalized and extensible communication between the different components, was designed to easily integrate new possibilities for interactive manipulation and sets of experimental data that will be added to the restraints imposed on the simulation. Therefore, the user can manipulate the molecule of interest under the control of biophysical properties integrated into the simulated model, while also having the ability to dynamically adjust simulation parameters. Furthermore, one of the initial objectives of this thesis was to integrate the management of ambiguous interaction constraints from the HADDOCK biomolecular docking software directly into UnityMol, making it possible to use these same restraints with a variety of simulation engines. A primary focus of this research was to develop a fast and interactive protein positioning algorithm in implicit membranes using a model called the Integrative Membrane Protein and Lipid Association Method (IMPALA), developed by Robert Brasseur's team in 1998. The first step was to conduct an in-depth search of the conditions under which the experiments were performed at the time to verify the method and validate our own implementation. We will see that this opens up interesting questions about how scientific experiments can be reproduced. The final step that concluded this thesis was the development of a new universal lipid-protein interaction method, UNILIPID, which is an interactive protein incorporation model in implicit membranes. It is independent of the representation scale and can be applied at the all-atom, coarse-grain, or grain-by-grain level. The latest Martini3 representation, as well as a Monte Carlo sampling method and rigid body dynamics simulation, have been specially integrated into the method, in addition to various system preparation tools. Furthermore, UNILIPID is a versatile approach that precisely reproduces experimental hydrophobicity terms for each amino acid. In addition to simple implicit membranes, I will describe an analytical implementation of double membranes as well as a generalization to arbitrarily shaped membranes, both of which rely on novel applications
Barnoud, Jonathan. "Interaction entre modèles de membranes biologiques et nanoparticules, une études par simulation moléculaire". Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077260.
Texto completoBiological membranes have a crucial role in cells as they form their outer boundary with the plasma membrane, but also the inner boundaries as they border the organelles. Membranes regulate the flow of matter, information, and energy in all cell compartments. A membrane functions are tightly attached to its composition, so alterations of a membrane composition can alter the membrane function. Such change in composition can be due to the addition of exogenous molecules as drugs or pollutants. How these exogenous molecules alter membrane properties is not always known nor understood. In addition, the chemical environment of a molecule affects the its behavior; therefore, exogenous molecules embedded in a lipid membrane can be affected by the membrane. The molecular details of this effect on small molecules are not fully understood. In this thesis, I used molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the effect of carbon nanoparticules on the properties of membrane models, and the effect of these membranes on nanoparticules. I showed that polystyrene nanoparticules alter some membrane properties, especially the lipid lateral organization. Other hydrophobie molecules affect lipid lateral organization. This effect depends on the molecule: aromatic molecules, including C60 fullerene, stabilize the separation of the lipids; on the contrary, aliphatic molecules mix the lipids. C60 fullerene also destabilize lung surfactant. I investigated the effect of membrane properties on the dimerization of transmembrane peptides. Finally I characterized how C60 fullerene aggregate less in a lipid membrane than in chemically similar bulk alkanes
Özdamar, Burak. "First-principles simulations of the interaction of metal-organic molecules with a surface and as building blocks for nanodevices". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE043/document.
Texto completoThe purpose of this study is to investigate the interaction of organometallic complexes with transition metals. This topic in question has a broad array of applications in a number of domain; realization of nanojunctions for molecular nanoelectronics, biological imaging and nanocatalysis. Within this general framework, this PhD project aims to model the fundamental interactions of molecular building blocks at the atomic level in order to understand their role in the assembly and functionalization of nanostructures. The principal tool used in this study is first-principles simulation methods such as the Born-Oppenheimer and Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics. The first chapter presents an emphasis of the current developments in the related field alongside of a retrospective on the historical developments that leads today's knowledge. The second chapter presents the basic elements of the theory behind the methods that were used in the thesis, whose development has also been contributed during this research project. Lastly, the third chapter which is organized in three sub-chapters enumerates and describes the results of the various systems studied.Molecular dynamics, constrained dynamics, molecular electronics, molecular junctions, ferrocene, fullerene, metal-organic precursors
Roux, Raphaël. "Étude probabiliste de systèmes de particules en interaction : applications à la simulation moléculaire". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00597479.
Texto completoSimard, Jean. "Collaboration haptique étroitement couplée pour la manipulation moléculaire interactive". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00688036.
Texto completoDavydova, Alexandra. "MD simulation of H2 plasma/graphene interaction for innovative etching processes development". Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT054.
Texto completoGraphene is a two-dimensional material with unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. It could be promising for novel applications, but the nm-scale control of graphene processing challenges current technology, especially in plasma treatment, thus preventing the development of graphene based technology at industrial scale. The main issue associated with plasma/graphene processes is the atomic thickness of the material: graphene is easily damaged upon exposure to reactive plasma. One critical question to answer then: is it possible to use conventional plasma technologies to pattern/clean/dope graphene layers, as is done for other materials in the microelectronic industry?Hydrogen plasmas have been shown to be promising for graphene treatment with minimal damages, but little is known about the fundamental mechanisms involved in graphene etching. Thus, in our work, we applied classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of H2 plasma/graphene interaction to assist the development of three important processes. First, MD allowed us to explain the lateral etching mechanisms of graphene nanorribons (GNR) in downstream H2 plasmas, which is an important technological step to produce GNR with a width<10 nm. Second, we show that H2 plasmas can be used to clean polymeric residues from the graphene surface (selective removal of PMMA/photo-resist residues or atmospheric contaminant from its surface). Modeling results combined with experimental work shows very promising results in this application, which is demanded by the entire graphene community. Third, MD simulations were also used to assist the development of multilayer graphene processing by Atomic Layer Etching. Although irreversible damages of graphene are observed when the ion bombarding energy is in the 5-50 eV range, MD predicts a very interesting phenomenon at 20-25eV range: the implantation of hydrogen atoms and subsequent formation of H2 gas sandwiched between first two layers. This causes a pressure rise, which leads to a lift-off of the entire top graphene layer. This result from modeling suggests that H2 plasmas can be used to etch graphene layer by layer in a controlled way through an entirely new mechanism. However, in order to avoid damages of underneath layers during the processing, additional investigations should be provided.In conclusion, several novel and unexpected results were obtained during the present PhD study and MD simulations have proven to be a powerful tool to assist plasma process development. Indeed, based on this fundamental research work an ANR project was launched to develop cleaning, doping and etching processes of graphene in the ICP reactors available in the LTM laboratory, Grenoble, France. MD calculation developed during this PhD will therefore continue to be used to assist further the development of innovative processes.The current PhD project was held in LTM etching group Grenoble, France under supervision of Gilles Cunge and Emilie Despiau-Pujo in the framework of the Chair of Excellence 2010 of Prof. David Graves and financial support of Nanoscience Foundation. We would like to acknowledge collaboration with several groups from Institute Neel (Vincent Bouchiat, Laurence Magaud and Johann Coraux) and our colleagues from CEA-Grenoble, France (Okuno Hanako)
Luo, Yun. "Etude des interactions sucre-sucre : synthèse totale de deux glycosphingolipides pentaosyl Lewis déoxygéné et simulations de dynamique moléculaire d'un agglomérat de Lewis". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066355.
Texto completoDoutreligne, Sébastien. "interactive molecular dynamics software development : Application to biomolecule folding". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC180/document.
Texto completoThe folding of biomolecules by computational methods remains a big challenge. Most notably, all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are intrinsically time consuming and do not yet commonly reach the microsecond time scale. Generally, a coarse-grained approach is preferred to simulate bigger systems and larger time scales. Automated approaches like MD do not account for the investigator expertise. The present thesis explores the folding of biomolecules with interactive molecular dynamics (IMD) simulations using the OPEP and HiRE-RNA models, respectively for amino acids and nucleic acids. IMD is like MD, but in addition, the user can apply forces on a selection of atoms and see the reaction of the system live from a molecular visualization software while the simulation is running. Dedicated software developments were done in such a program named UnityMol, coupled with coarse-grained OPEP and HiRE-RNA simulations. The picture is completed with an incursion into integrative biology. The use of theoretical and experimental models is proposed in two declinations: biasing MD simulations to faster converge to plausible results and guide users during interactive sessions. This work shows the complementarity of experimental and theoretical methods when it comes to biomolecules. A few trials at folding with IMD and our set of tools are exposed: mainly a crowdsourcing approach to RNA folding with coarse-grained HiRE-RNA models and the interactive folding of peptides in a laboratory setup of OPEP simulations. In complement, virtual reality aspects and performance enhancement of a spring network model simulation package named BioSpring have been explored
Khalfa, Adil. "Etude des cycles peptidiques en interaction avec les membranes lipidiques par simulations de dynamique moléculaire utilisant l'approche gros grains". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10024/document.
Texto completoCyclic peptides (CPs) composed of an even number of alternating D and L amino acids, are able to self-assemble into hollow tubular peptide nanotubes by means of a network of hydrogen bonds. The partition of hydrophobic CPs in lipid membranes forms an artificial transmembrane nanotube, while charged CPs characterized by amphipathic properties exhibit high antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The main goal of our investigation consisted to studying the interaction of cyclic peptides with lipid membranes using coarse grained molecular dynamics simulations in order to characterize the process of self assembly in solution, formation of transmembrane nanotubes and antibacterial activity of cyclic peptides. The results obtained revealed that, the activity of these CPs are governed by their physicochemical properties and by the interactions with the membrane lipid head-groups. In the case of hydrophobic CPs, the peptides pre-assemble as clusters before re-organizing in the interior of the membrane to form transmembrane nanotubes. For cationic CPs, the antibacterial activity seems to result from a release of phospholipid micelles following a carpet-like model adsorption. This study required a large effort in optimizing the coarse grain force field published so far. We have indeed shown their shortcomings, and optimized the parameters describing the interactions involving several amino-acids such as Leu, Trp, Arg and Lys. We have extended the study to the investigation of the folding of transmembrane and antimicrobial peptides probing hence the transferability of the optimized coarse grained model force field
Madeleine, Noelly. "Recherche d'inhibiteurs de l'interaction Lutheran-Laminine par des techniques de modélisation et de simulation moléculaires". Thesis, La Réunion, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LARE0054/document.
Texto completoDrepanocytosis is a genetic blood disorder characterized by red blood cells that assume an abnormal sickle shape. In the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusive crises of sickle cell disease, red blood cells bind to the vascular endothelium and promote vaso-occlusion. At the surface of these sickle red blood cells, the overexpressed protein Lutheran (Lu) strongly interacts with the Laminin (Ln) 511/521.The aim of this study was to identify a protein-protein interaction (PPI) inhibitor with a highprobability of binding to Lu for the inhibition of the Lu-Ln 511/521 interaction. A virtual screening was performed with 1 295 678 compounds that target Lu. Prior validation of a robust scoring protocol was considered on the protein CD80 because this protein has a binding site with similar topological and physico-chemical characteristics and it also has a series of ligands with known affinity constants. This protocol consisted of multiple filtering steps based on calculated affinities (scores), molecular dynamics simulations and molecular properties. A robust scoring protocol was validated on the protein CD80 with the docking program DOCK6 and the scoring functions XSCORE and MM-PBSA and also with the FMO method. This protocol was applied to the protein Lu and we found two compounds that were validated by in vitro studies. The protection of these ligands by a patent is under process. Nine other compounds were identified by the scoring functionXSCORE and seem to be promising candidates for inhibiting the Lu-Ln 511/521 interaction
Casciola, Maura. "Interaction of pulsed electric fields with membrane models for controlled release of drugs". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0017/document.
Texto completoElectroporation (EP) is a technique used to affect the integrity of plasma cell membranes and/or internal organelles, consequence of the application of an external pulsed electric field of sufficient energy content, tuned by its strength and duration. It is proven by extensive indirect experimental and in silico evidences that this phenomenon results in the permeabilization of membrane structures by aqueous pores, allowing the transport of poorly- or non-permeant molecules, e.g. salts, ions, genetic material, and any other small solutes present. Applications of the techniques range from electrochemoterapy DNA vaccination and gene regulation. The electric pulses used in EP are categorized in two main families: msPEF, the length of the pulses is in the µs- ms scale and the amplitude in the order of kV/cm, their effect takes place mainly at the plasma cell membrane of cells; nsPEFs, higher magnitude (MV/m) over ns time scale, they act are able to permeabilize internal organelles as well as the plasma cell membrane, presenting the advantage of avoiding undesired thermal effects. Molecular dynamics simulations allow the microscopic description, with atomic resolution, of the membrane structure and its interaction with the surrounding solution, providing a substantial support to experimental findings. A considerable amount of work have been devoted to describe some of the aspects of EP using MD, (e.g. the pore formation, its evolution and reseal, the role of water and of lipid headgroups, …) nevertheless outstanding questions remain unexplored: • How does the composition of the bilayer affect the EP threshold? • What are the morphology, size and conductance of pores formed? • What are the mechanisms and time scales of translocation of small molecules through the electropores? • Is there any difference when modeling nsPEFs and msPEFs? As part of the present work, using MD simulations and comparing our results to other findings from our group, we addressed some relevant questions. We quantified the EP threshold of libid bilayes for the increasing concentration of cholesterol (0, 20, 30, 50 mol %) when the two protocol to model nsPEFs and msPEFs are exploited. The results obtained applying the two approaches indicate that in both cases an increase in cholesterol concentration requires a higher transmembrane voltage to porate the membrane bilayer. We developed a procedure, mimicking msPEFs, to stabilize electropores under different transmembrane voltages in mechanical condition similar to experiments for a time long enough to determine the pore dimension, its conductance and selectivity to ion species. We employed the same method to investigate the transport of small charged molecules, used in drug delivery, comparing our findings with similar studies conducted under nsPEFs conditions with the attempt to rationalize the molecular uptake. Interestingly we found that that the dynamic of the transport process takes place in the same time scale (nanosecond) that for nsPEFs. Despite the fact that nsPEFs have the advantage to affect both cell membranes and internal organelles and to further reduce thermal effects, the possibility to exploit nsPEFs for drug delivery is an ongoing research since the ability to reliably deliver to biological loads these ultra-short intense pulses is not trivial. Particular attention must be paid in the design of microchambers to realize a broadband devices to transmit without attenuation and distortion nsPEF, which exhibit large spectral components, i.e. spanning from MHz up to GHz. An important part of the current work has been devoted to the design (with Finite Element Method) of an exposure device, based on microwave propagating systems, able to deliver pulses down to 1 ns with rise and fall time of 0.5 ns
França, João. "Solid-liquid interaction in ionanofluids. Experiments and molecular simulation". Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC077.
Texto completoOne of the main areas of research in chemistry and chemical engineering involves the use of ionic liquids and nanomaterials as alternatives to many chemical products and chemical processes, as the latter are currently considered to be environmentally non-friendly. Their possible use as new heat transfer fluids and heat storage materials, which can obey to most principles of green chemistry or green processing, requires the experimental and theoretical study of the heat transfer mechanisms in complex fluids, like the ionanofluids. It was the purpose of this dissertation to study ionanofluids, which consist on the dispersion of nanomaterials in an ionic liquid.The first objective of this work was to measure thermophysical properties of ionic liquids and ionanofluids, namely thermal conductivity, viscosity, density and heat capacity in a temperature range between -10 e 150 ºC and at atmospherical pressure. In this sense, the thermophysical properties of a considerable set of ionic liquids and ionanofluids were measured, with particular emphasis on the thermal conductivity of the fluids. The ionic liquids studied were [C2mim][EtSO4], [C4mim][(CF3SO2)2N], [C2mim][N(CN)2], [C4mim][N(CN)2], [C4mpyr][N(CN)2], [C2mim][SCN], [C4mim][SCN], [C2mim][C(CN)3], [C4mim][C(CN)3], [P66614][N(CN)2], [P66614][Br] and their suspensions with 0.5% and 1% w/w of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The results obtained show that there is a substantial enhancement of the thermal conductivity of the base fluid due to the suspension of the nanomaterial, considering both mass fractions. However, the enhancement varies significantly when considering different base ionic liquids, with a range between 2 to 30%, with increasing temperature. This fact makes it more difficult to unify the obtained information in order to obtain a model that allows predicting the enhancement of the thermal conductivity. Current models used to calculate the thermal conductivity of nanofluids present values that are considerably underestimated when compared to the experimental ones, somewhat due to the considerations on the role of the solid-liquid interface on heat transport.Considering density, the impact from the addition of MWCNTs on the base fluid’s density is very low, ranging between 0.25% and 0.5% for 0.5% w/w and 1% w/w MWCNTs, respectively. This was fairly expected and is due to the considerable difference in density between both types of materials. However, viscosity was the property for which the highest values of enhancement were verified, ranging between 28 and 245% in both mass fractions of MWCNTs. The heat capacity was the only of the four properties mentioned above not to be studied in this work due to technical issues with the calorimeter to be used. Nevertheless, the amount of data collected on the remainder thermophysical properties was extensive. It is believed that the latter contributes meaningfully to a growing database of ionic liquids and ionanofluids’ properties, while providing insight on the variation of said properties obtained from the suspension of MWCNTs in ionic liquids.The second objective of this work consisted on the development of molecular interaction models between ionic liquids and highly conductive nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene sheets. These models were constructed based on quantum calculations of the interaction energy between the ions and a cluster, providing interaction potentials. Once these models were obtained, a second stage on this computational approach entailed to simulate, by Molecular Dynamics methods, the interface nanomaterial/ionic liquid, in order to understand the specific interparticle/molecular interactions and their contribution to the heat transfer. This would allow to study both structural properties, such as the ordering of the ionic fluid at the interface, and dynamic ones, such as residence times and diffusion. (...)
Martirosyan, Vahagn. "Atomistic simulations of H2 and He plasmas modification of thin-films materials for advanced etch processes". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT101/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis focuses on technological challenges related to the development of advanced transistors (FinFET, FDSOI), where the etching of thin films reveals several issues. In particular, the etching of silicon nitride spacers should be achieved with a nanoscale precision without damaging the underlayers, a step which cannot be addressed by conventional CW plasmas. To overpass this limitation, an innovative approach was recently developed (so-called Smart Etch), which is based on light ion implantation and composed of two steps. First, the material to be etched is modified by exposure to a hydrogen (H2) or helium (He) ICP or CCP plasma; in a second step, the modified layer is selectively removed using wet etching or gaseous reactants only. To support the fundamental understanding of the first step and assist the development of this new technology, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the interaction between silicon/silicon nitride films and hydrogen/helium plasmas. MD was used to investigate how the substrates modification is affected by the ion energy, the ion dose, the ion composition or the radical-to-ion flux ratio (in the case of a H2 plasma). In agreement with experiments, simulations of He+ or Hx+ (x=1-3) ion bombardment of Si/SiN show that a self-limited ion implantation takes place with a surface evolution composed of two stages: a rapid volume modification (with no etching) followed by a slow saturation and the formation of a stable He- or H- implanted layer at steady state. The mechanisms of ion-induced damage (Si-Si or Si-N bond breaking, He or H2 trapping/desorption, SiHx (x=1-3) complex creation) are investigated and allow to bring new insights to both the Smart Cut and Smart Etch technologies. Si/SiN exposure to various H2 plasma conditions (with both Hx+ ions and H radicals) was then studied. In this case, a self-limited transformation is observed but the H-modified layers are simultaneously etched during the ion implantation, at a rate ~10 times smaller for SiN compared to Si. Simulations show that to modify Si/SiN thin films with a nanoscale precision by H2 or He plasmas, both the ion energy and the ion flux have to be controlled very cautiously. In particular, low ion doses, where the substrate evolution is in rapid modification stage, must be avoided since the substrate evolution cannot be precisely controlled. In H2 plasmas, high ion energies induce thicker modified layers but smaller and less homogeneous hydrogenation rates. The ion composition and the radical-to-ion flux ratio Γ must be considered as well, since the etch rate increases with Γ, compromising even the possibility to achieve a Smart Etch of silicon. The MD simulations performed in this thesis enable to clarify various unexplained phenomena seen in the Smart-Etch experimentally, and reveal some possible issues in this new process. In the end, a range for plasma parameters is proposed to optimize this first step of the Smart Etch process and to control the modification of SiN with a sub-nanoscale precision
Oberlin, Michael. "Etude in silico de la reconnaissance moléculaire et de la communication allostérique dans les récepteurs nucléaires ERα et ERRγ". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13074.
Texto completoThis work presents an in silico study of two nuclear receptors, ERR3 (Estrogen Related Receptor 3) and ER alpha (Estrogen Receptor alpha). We focused on studying the molecular mechanism of ER alpha activation by a ligand and the phenomena of allosteric communication within the ligand binding domain of nuclear receptors. Results are based on 2 different approaches : the analysis of interaction energies and the study of residue dynamical caracteristics. This work allows a better comprehension of the ligand binding effect on the structure and the dynamics of ER alpha, and on the other hand to give detailed information on ERR3 dimerisation interface and its relationship to the rest of the protein domain
Castanié, Fabien. "Approches numérique et théorique du microscope à force atomique : interaction, dynamique et imagerie". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1831/.
Texto completoThe atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a powerful and versatile tool capable of imaging with a sub-nanoscale resolution, samples as inorganic materials surface with or without adsorbed molecules, and operating in environments ranging from ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) to solid/liquid interface. Among the different existing modes, the frequency-modulation mode of AFM (FM-AFM) provides remarkable results thanks to three control loops that influence self-consistently. In return, the understanding of the machine operation as well as the optimization of its settings appear tedious. Moreover, this difficulty is accentuated by the often complex interpretation related to specific phenomena at the nanoscale. To overcome these difficulties, the present thesis work consisted in the elaboration of a numerical AFM (n-AFM) from a program designed by L. Nony in C language. After a phase of implementation in Fortran 90 to ensure portability and compatibility with other scientific programs, new features have been developed. Among these, a coupling with a code of molecular dynamics (MD) was performed to consider the effects of temperature and relaxation of the imaged system. These n-AFM developments helped implement various regimes and working modes through the study of several systems. First, adsorbed bi- and tri-dimensional molecules helped to test the sensitivity and the stability of the n-AFM simulating a classical cantilever and tuning fork. Second, the surface reconstruction 6H-SiC (3X3) was studied using the MD and then the n-AFM. Experimental images of this reconstruction show an atypical behavior that we tried to understand and explain. Finally, the use of the n-AFM has been extended to other areas than the study of surfaces and molecules. In particular, we modeled and studied the influence of a defect on the walls of a nano-tip oscillating at the air/liquid interface with FM-AFM. Finally, we studied the influence on the behavior of a AFM in amplitude modulation mode (tapping mode) of liquid nano-films on the tip-substrate system surface
Morelon, Nhan Duc. "Dynamique moléculaire du composé d'inclusion TANO-heptane : une étude combinée : simulation numérique/diffusion quasiélastique incohérente des neutrons". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10015.
Texto completoTian, Falin. "Interaction between Nanoparticles and Aggregates of Amphiphile Molecules". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1002.
Texto completoAmphiphile molecules, endowed with a particular structure containing a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail, have many important applications, e.g., fabrication of detergents, surface coating or surface functionalization, etc. Molecular aggregates of various forms, micelles, vehicle, membranes, etc. can be formed from amphiphile molecules. The complexity of these molecular aggregates involving a large number of atoms make the theoretical study of these system very challenging. Up to now, our understanding of the interaction between nanoparticles and aggregates of amphiphiles remains quite incomplete. Using a variety of molecular simulation methods and some theoretical approaches (Helfrich theory and perturbation theory), we have studied the following issues in the present thesis: 1. How the presence of nanoparticles, especially due to their highly curved surfaces, affects the aggregation of the amphiphiles? 2. How a lipid bilayer, a particular amphiphile aggregate, induces the self-assembly of hydrophobic nanoparticles.3. How the morphology transition of a membrane nanotube can be induced by nanoparticles?
Véry, Thibaut. "Simulation de propriétés photophysiques de complexes de ruthénium en interaction avec l'ADN". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0232/document.
Texto completoMolecules are rarely isolated and a modelisation of their environment must be carried out when computing their physical or chimical properties. Quantum chemistry offers various ways to take into account this environment. For instance, polarizable continuum model is available for more than 30 years. This model is able to reproduce the influence of a solvent upon a solute but while the environment is becoming less isotropic, serious limitations are found for the model. In order to represent such environments, methods coupling quantum mechanics, for the treatment of the physically or chemically interesting part, and molecular mechanics for the environment have been developped. This thesis is dedicated to the study of ruthenium complexes in interaction with DNA. Moreover, their emission spectra are strongly modified by this interaction. We show that the photophysical properties calculated must take into account the environment. Eventually, we used a methodology able to include effects linked to the electronic response of the surroundings when computing vertical transitions. Triplets of these complexes intercalated between 2 DNA base pairs are also studied. Indeed, emission properties are linked to the nature of these and it is necessary to modelize correctly the double-strand to better understand mecanisms involved. The light-switch effect is then elucidated
Panadés-Barrueta, Ramón Lorenzo. "Full quantum simulations of the interaction between atmospheric molecules and model soot particles". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R022.
Texto completoWe aim at simulating full quantum mechanically (nuclei and electrons) the processes of adsorption and photoreactivity of NO2 adsorbed on soot particles (modeled as large Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, PAHs) in atmospheric conditions. A detailed description of these processes is necessary to understand the differential day-nighttime behavior of the production of HONO, which is a precursor of the hydroxyl radical (OH). In particular, the specific mechanism of the soot-mediated interconversion between NO2 and HONO is to date not fully understood. Due to its particular relevance in this context, we have chosen the Pyrene-NO2 system. The first stage in this study has consisted in the determination of the stable configurations (transition states and minima) of the Pyrene-NO2 system. To this end, we have used the recently developed van der Waals Transition State Search using Chemical Dynamics Simulations (vdW-TSSCDS) method, the generalization of the TSSCDS algorithm developed in our group. In this way, the present work represents the first application of vdW-TSSCDS to a large system (81D). Starting from a set of judiciously chosen input geometries, the aforementioned method permits the characterization of the topography of an intermolecular Potential Energy Surface (PES), or in other words the determination of the most stable conformations of the system, in a fully automated and efficient manner. The gathered topographical information has been used to obtain a global description (fit) of the interaction potential, necessary for the dynamical elucidation of the intermolecular interaction (physisorption), spectroscopic properties and reactivity of the adsorbed species. To achieve this last goal, we have developed two different methodologies together with the corresponding software packages. The first one of them is the SpecificReaction Parameter Multigrid POTFIT (SRP-MGPF) algorithm, which is implemented in the SRPTucker package. This method computes chemically accurate (intermolecular) PESs through reparametrization of semiempirical methods, which are subsequently tensor decomposed into Tucker form using MGPF. This software has been successfully interfaced with the Heidelberg version of the Multi-configuration Time-DependentHartree (MCTDH) package. The second method allows for obtaining the PES directly in the mathematical form required by MCTDH, thence its name Sum-Of-Products Finite-Basis-Representation (SOP-FBR). SOP-FBR constitutes an alternative approach to NN-fitting methods. The idea behind it is simple: from the basis of a low-rank Tucker expansion on the grid, we replace the grid-based basis functions by an expansion in terms of a orthogonal polynomials. As in the previous method, an smooth integration with MCTDH has been ensured. Both methods have been successfully benchmarked with a number of reference problems, namely: the Hénon-Heiles Hamiltonian, a global H2O PES, and the HONO isomerization PES (6D)
Semrouni, David. "Énergétique et spectroscopie de polypeptides par dynamique moléculaire : champ de force de seconde génération et chimie quantique". Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00528244.
Texto completoShahsavari, Bedoustani Ashkan. "Dynamique des polymères à grande densité d'interactions fortes". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1133/document.
Texto completoThe aim of the thesis is to study the dynamic properties of polymers with high densities of strong intermolecular interactions, depending on the energy and the density of these interactions. This study is carried out by the molecular dynamics method
Dupin, Lucie. "Validation et criblage de nouvelles molécules anti-infectieuses sur microarray : applications à Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEC018/document.
Texto completoSummary: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is the third pathogen involved in nosocomial diseases and the major cause of mortality of cystic fibrosis patients. PA develops resistance to antibiotics treatments. And so, developing new therapeutic strategies is a public health issue. One of the promising strategies is to inhibit virulence factors involved in the adhesion and the biofilm formation of PA. Some of these virulence factors are lectins which interact with sugars (PA-IL, PA-IIL, FliC, FliD, PilA, PilY1 and CupB6).The goal of this work is to find molecular decoys which have a strong affinity for these lectins. These are saccharidic units with a multivalent display: glycoclusters. An innovative screening tool has been developed: the glycocluster-microarray, to study lectin/glycocluster interactions. It is a microstructured glass slide where glycoclusters are immobilized by DNA Directed Immobilization (DDI). Two screening methods have been developed with this microarray: 1) the screening in solution and by competition of a saccharidic units library and2) the screening of a glycoclusters library immobilized on the microarray. Protocols of IC50 and Kd measurements have also been developed with this tool to characterize the best lectins inhibitors. This tool allows to use few amount of material (few picomoles) and to do parallel analysis.To validate the microarray, a study of the impact of glycoclusters surface density has been done. The screening of more than 150 saccharidic units allowed the selection of the ones that display the best affinity forlectins. The analysis, on microarray and molecular simulations, of the glycoclusters library displaying thesesaccharidic units and several topologies, valences and properties (aromaticity, charge,…) enable to identify key parameters of structure-affinity relationships. An anti-biofilm activity has been observed for the best glycoclusters targeting PA-IL.Testing in vivo activity of these best candidates will be explored. Targeting others lectins such as the ones on the flagella and pili of PA and involved in the early adhesion needs also to be developed. To this end, preliminary tests have been showed and some are in progress
Fabre, Gabin. "Molecular interaction of natural compounds with lipid bilayer membranes : Towards a better understanding of their biological and pharmaceutical actions". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0122/document.
Texto completoOne of the key lockers to understand mechanisms of biological action of drugs and natural compounds is their capacity to incorporate/cross lipid bilayer membranes. In the light of demanding experimental techniques, in silico molecular modelling has become a powerful alternative to tackle these issues. In the past few years, molecular dynamics (MD) has opened many perspectives, providing an atomistic description of the related intermolecular interactions. Using MD simulations, we have explored the capacity of several compounds (polyphenols, vitamins E and C, plantazolicin, carprofens) to incorporate lipid bilayer membranes. The different compounds were chosen according to their different biological functions, namely (i) antioxidant activity against lipid peroxidation, (ii) antimicrobial activity with the possibility of trans-membrane pore formation, and (iii) inhibition of enzymes involved in Alzheimer’s disease. In order to rationalize their mechanisms of action, their position and orientation in membranes as well as their capacity to accumulate or permeate lipid bilayers were assessed. Having in mind a predictive purpose in drug design for MD simulations, the accuracy of the results relies on the quality of the in silico membrane models. By ensuring relationships between experimental and theoretical data, methodological improvements have been proposed. In particular, force field selection, xenobiotic parameterization and bilayer constitution emerged as crucial factors to appropriately depict drug-membrane interactions. For the latter issue, lipid mixtures e.g., including cholesterol have been developed
Chung, Salomon. "Effet d'un champ électrique sur la structure et la dynamique de suspensions colloïdales confinées : étude numérique par simulation". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1059/document.
Texto completoThe work presented in this dissertation is in the framework of the theoretical study ofcolloidal dispersions, i.e. suspensions of particles whose size varies from nanometers tomicrometers. In such a medium, the interactions between particles can be tuned through their surfacecomposition for instance. One may also modify the environment of the colloids:a specific solvent can be combined with confinement of the mixture andan external can field applied on it in order to tune its thermodynamic properties.Once a model of a physical system is defined, computer simulation can be used to explorea range of parameters to check if the sought phenomenon occurs, before carrying outany real experiment. This work focuses on this preliminary step: our model consists ofa mixture of dipolar and apolar hard spheres in a confined medium and subjected to anelectric field (or a magnetic one for ferrocolloids).In a first step, we use Monte Carlo simulation to study equilibrium states ofa binary mixture confined between distant walls,with symmetric composition of the two species having non additive interactions.By comparing the results of different densities and field directions,we recover some properties already observed for similar systems.In the reference state where the field is turned off, the mixture at low density is stableand we notice that the dipoles stay away from the walls.A denser mixture separates into two phases and in the dipoles rich one,the dipolar particles now wet the walls.When the mixture is subjected to a field perpendicular to the walls,it remains stable in spite of its high density and non additivity between unlike particles.Increasing the field induces a structuring of the dipolar component near the wallsand we observe column shaped clusters of dipoles along the direction of the field.Finally, the application of a field parallel to the walls separates the mixture,even at the lowest density we chose. Dipoles stay away from the walls and we observeentangled dipoles chains.In a second step we explore the dynamics of a mixture with asymmetric composition andsubjected to a field. We combine Monte Carlo and molecular dynamic (Langevin) simulationsin this study. The mixture is confined in a box with a bottleneck channel in order tosimulate an open pore exchanging particles with a reservoir through an explicit interface.The field which is perpendicular to the walls is applied in the bottleneck regionto attract dipoles there.We first consider a low density mixture such that the filling / emptying cycleof the pore is reversible.The intensity of the field is then increased to speed up the cycles.As expected, the dipoles fill the pore faster then. However their composition saturatesunder the maximum value found for a lower field.A series of cycles was performed with increasing Langevin damping coefficients but stilllow enough to reduced the computation time.We then notice that the filling or emptying duration is a linear function ofthe damping coefficient. The duration of a cycle for colloids is then obtained fromextrapolation.Combining non additivity and high enough density, we are able to make an irreversible cycle:depending on the application sought for, this irreversibility can be useful ormust be avoided.This chapter ends with the assessment of the duration of a cycle with respect tothe size of colloids. We use an interaction model between colloidal particles wherea colloid is uniformly made of repulsive centers following a power law.With some scaling law hypotheses, the duration of a filling or an emptying is estimated forsmall colloids down to nearly molecular dimensions
Ortega, Varga Laura. "Innovative inhibition strategy against functional structural transitions of essential pathogenic factors : Computational applications to Malarial and Neurotransmitter targets". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS455.
Texto completoThis PhD project describes the design of inhibitors of two essential malaria enzymes and of novel modulators of specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Plasmodium vivax subtilase SUB1 is required for parasite egress. We focused our efforts on the design of reversible covalent inhibitors of PvSUB1. We performed covalent docking of potential peptide and peptidomimetic candidates and studied peptide cyclization. Several peptides have shown activity in the submicromolar range and could be resolved after co-crystalization. Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase is critical for parasite metabolism. We targeted it by design on the basis of inhibitory cofactor analogs. We have built a combinatorial library aiming to bridge the cofactor and the substrate binding site, while avoiding affecting the human isoenzymes. We screened it in silico and selected about fifty molecules that are under synthesis for ex vivo testing. We also targeted α5 subunit containing nAChRs to address addiction. A multidisciplinary approach has been established. It uses an AChBP engineered chimera, which structure was solved in complex with the first known 5 ligands. This structure, and two comparative modeling models were used to perform in silico screening. A cation-π interaction definition was introduced in the FlexX software and side chain flexibility was allowed in the binding site. An interactive pipeline was developed for the analysis of the virtual screening results and hit molecules have been confirmed by STD-NMR experiments. Deep neural networks models were also built to assess on- and off-target bioactivity prediction in a panel of nAChRs and putative off-targets
Rachel, Schurhammer. "Simulations par dynamique moléculaire de la solvatation et du comportement interfacial d'espèces hydrophobes.Application à l'hypothèse TATB et à l'extraction liquide/liquide de cations par le CO2 supercritique". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292205.
Texto completoLa première partie concerne l'hypothèse TATB qui suppose que les deux ions AsΦ4+ (TA+) et BΦ4- (TB-) ont la même énergie de solvatation dans tout solvant. Nous avons montré que les deux ions étaient solvatés différemment dans des liquides purs (eau, chloroforme, acétonitrile) ainsi qu'à une interface chloroforme / eau. Des calculs de différences d'énergie libre de transfert ont confirmé cette tendance, de même que des simulations sur des ions "hypothétiques" S+ et S-, analogues sphériques de AsΦ4+ et BΦ4- qui répondent exactement aux critères de l'hypothèse. De nombreux tests méthodologiques ont été effectués et ont permis de montrer l'importance (i) d'une description correcte des interactions à "longue distance", (ii) de la répartition précise des charges atomiques et (iii) du modèle de solvant utilisé notamment pour l'eau, sur la différence de solvatation de "gros" ions hydrophobes selon leur charge.
La seconde partie décrit les premières simulations avec le CO2 supercritique dans le cadre de l'extraction liquide / liquide de cations métalliques. Nous avons étudié le comportement d'ions (Cs+, UO22+, Eu3+), de molécules extractantes (tri-n-butylphosphate, calixarène), de complexes de ces cations avec ces molécules extractantes et d'acide nitrique à une interface préformée CO2 / eau et lors de simulations de séparation de phase, en partant de solutions binaires homogènes CO2 / eau. Ces études démontrent l'importance des phénomènes interfaciaux, des conditions de simulations, ainsi que de la concentration en acide et en extractant, dans les processus d'extraction vers le CO2 supercritique.
Fernandes, Mendonça Ana Catarina. "Simulations moléculaires d'une nouvelle classe de liquides ioniques basés sur la fonction ammonium pour l'utilisation potentielle en tant qu'huiles lubrifiantes respectueuses de l'environnement". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00857336.
Texto completoYu, Jinchao. "développement méthodologique et applications de la prédiction des interactions protéine-protéine". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS021.
Texto completoProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) play essential roles in life. My PhD work aimed at developing advanced bioinformatics methods in the field of PPI prediction at the structural scale. My goal was to improve the predictive power of methods which model the structures of macromolecular assemblies (docking) and to tackle real-life problems faced by biologists.First, I developed HHalign-Kbest server using algorithms for the search of suboptimal solutions to gain better-quality models. Second, in the field of protein docking, I built InterEvDock server which can take co-evolutionary information into account. It yields better performance than other state-of-the-art servers. In order to further test our methods, we participated in CAPRI – an international challenge for prediction of protein interactions. Over years 2013-2016, our group ranked 1st at the 6th CAPRI evaluation meeting. At last, I developed a realistic benchmark dataset PPI4DOCK, largest dataset so far, in order to improve docking methods for the scientific community.In terms of applications, I was involved in a variety of collaborative projects with different labs. As representative examples, I searched for binding partners of the histone chaperone Asf1; I studied the CENP-F/Nup133 interaction in the context of mitosis and the Exo70/Abi interaction related to cell mobility regulation; I also simulated the binding modes of multiple peptides, partners of Ku complex involved in DNA repair pathway
Castanié, Fabien. "APPROCHES NUMÉRIQUE ET THÉORIQUE DU MICROSCOPE À FORCE ATOMIQUE : INTERACTION, DYNAMIQUE ET IMAGERIE". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788143.
Texto completoDouady, Julie. "Etude théorique et simulations de petites molécules de sodium excitées, immergées dans des matrices de gaz rare". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2044.
Texto completoThe purpose of this work is to understand how a rare gas environment can modify the static and dynamic properties of small sodium molecules. The chosen system has physical and chemical properties which permit a two-levels description where only the valence electrons of the molecule are explicitly treated within quantum mechanics. The electronic structure is calculated using the configurations interaction method while sodium ions and argon atoms are treated within classical molecular dynamics of polarizable atoms. The theoretical model allows determining the equilibrium geometry and the optical properties of the sodium atom and dimers embedded in argon matrices. The most stable trapping site depends on the electronic charge of the dimer as was found dynamically by removing an electron from embedded Na2 and relaxing the system. For Na2+, we highlight the role of the matrix size on the non-adiabatic dynamics on the first excited state (X-> A) which is dissociative in gas phase. We show that there exists a critical number of argons which prevents the dissociation of the dimer due to a translation along the insertion row. This translation, observed for larger systems, is avoided when including the non-adiabatic couplings within a surface hopping algorithm. In this case, we observe a non-radiative desexcitation of the dimer towards its fundamental state after a few picoseconds
Panel, Nicolas. "Étude computationnelle du domaine PDZ de Tiam1". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX062/document.
Texto completoSmall protein domains often direct protein-protein interactions and regulate eukaryotic signalling pathways. PDZ domains are among the most widespread and best-studied. They specifically recognize the 4-10 C-terminal amino acids of target proteins. Tiam1 is a Rac GTP exchange factor that helps control cellmigration and proliferation and whose PDZ domain binds the proteins syndecan-1 (Sdc1), Caspr4, and Neurexin. Short peptides and peptidomimetics can potentially inhibit or modulate its action and act as bioreagents or therapeutics. We used computational protein design (CPD) and molecular dynamics (MD) free energy simulations to understand and engineer its peptide specificity. CPD uses a structural model and an energy function to explore the space of sequences and structures and identify stable and functional protein or peptide variants. We used our in-house Proteus CPD package to completely redesign the Tiam1 PDZ domain. The designed sequences were similar to natural PDZ domains, with similarity and fold recognition scores comarable to the widely-used Rosetta CPD package. Selected sequences, containing around 60 mutated positions out of 90, were tested by microsecond MD simulations and biophysical experiments. Four of five sequences tested experimentally (by our collaborators) displayed reversible unfolding around 50°C. Proteus also accurately scored the binding specificity of several protein and peptide variants. As a more refined model for specificity, we parameterized a semi-empirical free energy model of the Poisson-Boltzmann Linear Interaction Energy or PB/LIE form, which scores conformations extracted from explicit solvent MD simulations of PDZ:peptide complexes. With three adjustable parameters, the model accurately reproduced the experimental binding affinities of 41 variants, with a mean unsigned error of just 0.4 kcal/mol, andgave predictions for 10 new variants. The PB/LIE model was tested further by comparing to non-empirical, alchemical, MD free energy simulations, which have no adjustable parameters and were found to give chemical accuracy for 12 Tiam1:peptide complexes. The tools and insights obtained should help discover new tight binding peptides or peptidomimetics and have broad implications for engineering PDZ:peptide interactions
Qin, Liang. "Application of irreversible Monte Carlo in realistic long-range systems". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLE009.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the behavior of event-chain Monte Carlo (ECMC) in long-range particle systems. In the first two chapters, we introduce established methods for molecular simulation, highlighting their difficulties in dealing with Coulomb interaction, and gives the basic of ECMC. The third chapter presents our framework of Coulomb system sampling using ECMC. Under the tin-foil convention, the formulation consisting of pairwise terms for electrostatics can be directly applied to the cell-veto method. Together with dipole factorization, we obtain an O(NlogN)-per-sweep algorithm for dipole systems. Chapters four and five describe our development of a scientific application called JeLLyFysh for molecular simulation through ECMC. Its mediator design and stream processing of all operations can best accommodate future extensions. Using JeLLyFysh, we profile the performance of ECMC for large water systems in chapter six. The resulting dynamics imply that a more sophisticated scheme is needed to equilibrate the polarization. Finally, in chapter seven, we test the sampling strategy with sequential direction change. The dipole evolution exhibits distinct dynamics, and the set of direction choices and the order to select prove both crucial in mixing the dipole's orientation
Agueny, Hicham. "Etude théorique des processus électroniques ayant lieu au cours de collisions atomiques et moléculaires : approches non perturbatives". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021304.
Texto completoAgueny, Hicham. "étude théorique des processus électroniques ayant lieu au cours de collisions atomiques et moléculaires: approches non perturbatives". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01052860.
Texto completoSawmynaden, Jaysen. "Conception de peptide cyclique et étude de l'interaction protéine-protéine par des méthodes d'échantillonnage accélérée". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS389.
Texto completoProteins are molecules involved in biological function. Most of them interact with other protein. Disturb protein protein interactions has high potential in the development of new drugs. Cyclic peptides could be good candidat with a good specificity and target for their targets. Indeed cyclization stabilize and increase their resistance again protease. Make experimental experience to check their binding affinity can be complicated. In this thesis we present method to sample Cyclic peptides’s conformational landscape and predicted their binding affinity for their targets with enhanced sampling method
Vamparys, Lydie. "Exploration de la reconnaissance de la courbure membranaire par le motif ALPS". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00934412.
Texto completoVan, de Steen Cyril. "Modélisation des propriétés de transport des ions moléculaires de krypton et xénon pour l'optimisation des générateurs de plasma froids utilisant les gaz rares". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30264/document.
Texto completoThe use of cold plasmas based on rare gases (Rg) in biomedical applications as well as in space propulsion is clearly evolving. To optimize these plasma reactors, a fine understanding of the processes taking place in these reactors is necessary. This thesis aims to provide the missing data in the literature (transport coefficients and reaction rates) through mesoscopic data (cross-sections) obtained from microscopic data (interaction potentials) for xenon and krypton in their parent gas. Only cold plasmas composed of a single type of atom are considered. As krypton and xenon are rare gases, and so have, in the neutral state little / no interaction between them. Therefore, only ion - atom collisions will be considered. Due to the low ion energies in the cold plasma, only the first 6 excited states of the Rg2+ pair will be taken into account. These 6 states will be classified in two groups, 2P1/2 and 2P3/2. In this work, two different interaction potentials available in the literature are used and compared for the Kr+/Kr and Xe+/Xe collision systems in the calculation of cross-sections. For collisions involving ionic dimers (Kr2+/Kr and Xe2+/Xe), the interaction potentials are calculated from the DIM model (Diatomics In Molecules) which is a combination of the atomic potentials of neutral - neutral and ionic - neutral interactions. The cross-sections required to obtain the missing mesoscopic data are calculated from three different methods. The first method is the quantum method which allows, by a resolution of the Schrödinger equation, to obtain exactly the cross-sections from the interaction potentials. This exact method, which consumes a lot of computation time, is used as a reference to validate the two other approximate methods. The second method, called semi-classical, is based on the same expression as the quantum cross section but uses an approximate phase shift (JWKB approximation), induced by the interaction potential, between the scattered wave and the incident wave. [...]
Duffour, Emmanuel. "Interaction plasma-isolant. Applications au lanceurélectrothermique et à l'interaction SF6-polyéthylène". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011655.
Texto completoUne étude fondamentale de la dynamique moléculaire, basée sur l'utilisation des méthodes numériques particulières comme les intégrateurs symplétiques et l'exploitation des différents potentiels d'interactions existants (Morse, Lennard-Jones...), a abouti à deux modèles de polymère : le polyéthylène ou PE (CH2)n. Le premier modèle dit simplifié consiste à considérer un groupement CH2 comme un atome fictif de masse molaire 14g, tandis que le second plus complet traite la dynamique de l'atome d'hydrogène au sein de la macromolécule. Ces deux modèles sont utilsés, dans le cadre de ce travail, pour diverses interactions.
Par ailleurs, des mesures expérimentales de perte de masse des matériaux polymères qui interagissent avec un plasma, créé par l'explosion d'un fil de cuivre, sont exposées. Ces résultats sont corrélés par des calculs théoriques de thermodynamique qui montrent une différence de comportement des deux polymères testés : le polyéthylène et le polyoxyméthylène, POM ou Delrin (CH2O)n.
Naseem-Khan, Sehr. "Development of a polarizable ab initio force field : From separability of intermolecular interactions to condensed phase properties". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS564.
Texto completoThanks to the recent progresses of computer sciences de-multiplying the available computational resources, the possibility of using sophisticated polarizable force fields such as SIBFA becomes a reality. Indeed, the SIBFA intermolecular potential and its gradients are now implemented in the Tinker-HP package. The original calibration of SIBFA was based on the RVS method, an energy decomposition analysis only available at the Hartree–Fock level of theory. Therefore, the goals of this work are double : i) choosing a new energy decomposition analysis reference scheme in order to upgrade the SIBFA parameters at the correlated level of theory ; ii) performing molecular dynamics. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to the study of the separability of the ab initio intermolecular interaction energy predicted by both variational and perturbational Energy Decomposition Analysis methods. We have made improvements for the induction energy term within the SAPT(DFT) method, and we have proposed a new charge transfer definition. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to the development of the SIBFA polarizable water model and to our definition of a strategy to compute condensed phase properties. The ab initio study of the separability of the total SAPT(DFT) intermolecular interaction energy has led the SIBFA potential to achieve both full separability of its components and high accuracy at the post Hartree-Fock level. This thesis marks a turning-point for the SIBFA potential, finalizing its global bottom-up strategy going from gas phase ab initio computations towards molecular dynamics simulations and accurate condensed phase properties predictions
Chevrollier, Nicolas. "Développement et application d’une approche de docking par fragments pour modéliser les interactions entre protéines et ARN simple-brin". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS106/document.
Texto completoRNA-protein interactions mediate numerous fundamental cellular processes. Atomic scale details of these interactions shed light on their functions but can also allow the rational design of ligands that could modulate them. NMR and X-ray crystallography are the 2 main techniques used to resolve 3D highresolution structures between two interacting molecules. Docking approaches can also be utilized to give models as an alternative. However, the application of these approaches to RNA-protein complexes is hampered by an issue. RNA-protein interactions often relies on the specific recognition of a short singlestranded RNA (ssRNA) sequence by the protein. The inherent flexibility of the ssRNA segment would impose, in a classical docking approach, to explore their resulting large conformation space which is not computationally reliable. The goal of this project is to overcome this barrier by using a fragment-based docking approach. This approach developed from some of the most represented RNA-binding domains showed excellent results in the prediction of the ssRNA-protein binding mode from the RNA sequence and also a great potential to predict preferential RNA binding sequences
Laudet, Béatrice. "Stratégies pour inhiber une interaction protéine-protéine de haute affinité : l'exemple de la protéine kinase CK2". Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10172.
Texto completoMany arguments in favour of oncogenic potential of CK2 protein kinase make it a promising therapeutic target in oncology. This protein kinase is composed of a tetrameric complex of two catalytic subunits CK2a constitutively active and a dimmer of two regulatory subunits CK2b. Our laboratory showed that dynamic interaction between these two subunits in cell is an essential component for this enzyme regulation. For better understanding this regulation in normal and pathologic processes, it seems necessary to develop compounds able to perturb this proteinprotein interaction. In this respect, three complementary strategies were used: 1) hot spots characterization for CK2a-CK2b interaction based on tetramer crystal structure. 2) rational conception of the first antagonist of this interaction as a mimetic cyclic peptide (IC50 = 3 mM). 3) pharmacophore definition based on this peptide allowing to identify chemical molecules analogs by virtual screening. A cluster of chemical compounds active as well in vitro as in vivo has been identified. They represent the first inhibitors for this interaction
Saurabh, Suman. "Nature of Inter-biomolecular interaction and its consequences : protein, DNA and their Complexes". Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4052/document.
Texto completoThe biological world is full of mysteries. The understanding of many extremely complex biological processes is greatly improved by the combination of approaches borrowed from different disciplines such as chemistry and more recently physics. Physics uses experimental tools such as optical tweezers and optical and electron microscopes to explore the microscopic mechanisms taking place in the cell. Knowledge of the nature of the interactions between biomolecules and the possibility of translating these interactions into equations allowed physics to construct models that are simple, but contain the ingredients sufficient to describe a specific mechanism. The numerical simulation of such models improves our understanding of the relationship between relevant molecular-scale mechanisms and experimental observations of biological phenomena. The structural organization of biomolecular complexes is a process that involves various scales of length and time
Chicheportiche, Alexandre. "Données de base des ions atomiques et moléculaires de l'hélium et de l'argon pour l'optimisation des jets de plasmas froids utilisés dans le domaine biomédical". Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2437/.
Texto completoThe use of cold plasma jets at atmospheric pressure (AP) for biomedical applications is a hot research topic. Such devices produce many active species (photons, radicals, charged particles, electric field, etc. ) very useful for biomedical applications. The challenge for the plasma physics community is to tune such plasma devices to abundantly or selectively produce actives species beforehand identified for their biological effects. To reach this goal, physicochemical models have been developed but require, in input data, the transport coefficients (not always available in the literature) of ions affecting the kinetics of the plasma jet. In this thesis work we are interested in helium or argon plasma jets. Thus, transport coefficients of He+ and He2+ ions as Ar+ and Ar2+ ions have been calculated in their parent gas. The originality of the work concerns the molecular ions (He2+ and Ar2+) which play the main role in the plasma jet dynamics since they are overwhelmingly present at the AP. The transport coefficients are closely related to the collision cross sections and then to the ion-neutral interaction potential curves. For the He+/He interaction system, a 1D quantum method without approximation has been used for the collision cross section calculation and an optimized Monte Carlo code allowed us to obtained the transport coefficients in the experimental error bars. On the other side, for the molecular ions He2+, two calculation methods have been considered: a 1D quantum method and a hybrid method mixing classical and quantum formulations. A compromise between these two methods finally allowed us to obtain reduced mobilities with a mean relative deviation from experiments of 5% and to expand the latter to higher electric fields. Diffusion coefficients and reaction rates, not available in the literature, have been also calculated. For the argon plasma jet, the transport coefficients for atomic ions in the ground 2P3/2 state and metastable 2P1/2 state have been obtained, using quantum collision cross sections, up to 1500 Td (1 Td = 10-17 V. Cm²) with a mean relative deviation from measurements below 0. 2%. Finally, for Ar2+ ions, the hybrid method allowed us to obtain reduced mobilities with a mean relative deviation of 2% from experiments and to calculate the diffusion coefficients and reaction rates not available in the literature
Garcia, Manon. "Développement de nouveaux agents anticancéreux inhibiteurs de la syntenin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/210312_GARCIA_59el396udxeux306vl471dzd_TH.pdf.
Texto completoThe thesis describes the identification and optimization of selective inhibitors targeting the syntenin/syndecan complex, using a “Fragment-based drug design” (FBDD) strategy, which could pave the way for new anticancer therapies. The syntenin/syndecan interaction plays a major role in the recycling of endosomes to the plasma membrane, as well as in the biogenesis and release of exosomes derived from tumor cells. Therefore, we performed an FBDD program targeting selectively the syntenin/syndecan interaction. To do this, two different fragment library screenings were performed, one experimental the other virtual, and two fragments hits were identified that specifically inhibit the interaction of the syntenin/syndecan complex. The resolution of 3D crystallographic structures of the complexes between these two fragments and syntenin allowed their optimization by a structure-based drug design approach based on information about their binding site and the mode. SAR studies and fragment growing optimization steps, based on molecular docking studies, were carried out. My work consisted in synthesizing chemical libraries of targeted analogues resulting from molecular docking and demonstrating strong interactions with syntenin. Among all the synthesized analogues, we identified the most promising inhibitors which exhibit sub-micromolar IC50 and which affect the release pathway of exosomes derived from tumor cells, dependent on syntenin/syndecan activity
Briot, Julie. "Identification biochimique et fonctionnelle des domaines structuraux d’une sous-unité des canaux calciques". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21202.
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