Tesis sobre el tema "Silicatées"
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Palard, Mickaël. "Synthèse et frittage d’hydroxyapatites phosphocalciques silicatées". Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0a57188a-f515-49eb-b974-67e88f06f89e/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4056.pdf.
Texto completoSilicated hydroxyapatite powders Ca10(PO4)6-x(SiO4)x(OH)2-x (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) were synthesized by a wet precipitation method with control of the pH and temperature, followed by a heat treatment. The raw materials were composed of a partially silicated and carbonated apatite and a secondary minor phase containing the excess silicon. This excess is fully incorporated in the apatite lattice during the calcination by substituting carbonate groups (CO3 2-) from the synthesis. For xSi ≤ 1 mol, powders are pure. The mechanism of formation of the silicated HA is : Ca10-y(PO4)6-y-w(CO3)y(SiO4)w(OH)2-y-w + y CaSiO3 → Ca10(PO4)6-y-w(SiO4)w+y(OH)2-y-w + y CO2. For xSi > 1 mol, the powders crystallize in a biphasic system, alpha tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite. The thermal stability of powders depends on the silicon content. The thermal decomposition of the silicated hydroxyapatite could be written into two steps according to the reactions : Ca10(PO4)6-x(SiO4)x(OH)2-x → (1 – x/2) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + (x) Ca3(PO4)2 + (x) Ca2SiO4 (T1) → (1 – x/2) Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 + (x/2) Ca10(PO4)4(SiO4)2 (T2). When silicates were incorporated in the hydroxyapatite lattice, the begining of the sintering and the maximum densification rate were shifted to the high temperatures. The conditions must be adaptated to each composition in order to obtain dense materials (τ> 95%) without secondary phase. Dense ceramics made of pure HA and SixHA containing various amounts of silicate (up to x = 0. 6) were biologically tested in vitro with human osteoblast like cells. The proliferation of cells on the surface of the ceramics increased up to 5 days of culture indicating that the materials were biocompatible. But, the silicon content did not influence the cell proliferation
Coste, Amaury. "Modélisation moléculaire de solutions silicatées en milieux alcalins". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS144.
Texto completoMy thesis focused on the molecular modeling of alkaline silicate solutions. The originality of our approach is the use of classical molecular dynamics, which is suited to study equilibrium properties, to reactive systems. The aim of this work is to understand ion-ion interactions in of such electrolyte solutions. To this end, polarizable force fields have been developed to describe the solvation properties of the hydroxide anion and the silicate oligomers.First, the structural and thermodynamics properties of concentrated aqueous solutions of alkali hydroxide MOH (M+ = Li+, Na+, K+, and Cs+) have been studied over a wide range of concentrations. Theoretical WAXS intensities calculated from our simulations are in good agreement with the experimental data. In addition, we pointed out a weak association of the MOH ion pairs, even at high concentrations. This was confirmed by the calculations of the association constants of ion pairs (KMOH = 0.1 L mol-1) which are in good agreement with the data available in the literature. Further- more, based on the McMillan-Mayer potentials calculated from the molecular dynamics simulations, Monte Carlo simulations have been performed to calculate the osmotic coefficients of MOH solutions.Then, we focused on the structural properties of alkaline solutions containing silicate oligomers, typically monomers (Si(OH)4, SiO(OH)-) and dimers (Si2O2(OH)5-, Si2O3(OH)42-). Thus, we first developed an "universal" force field allowing for describing a large number of silicate oligomers. These simulations highlighted a Na+ adsorption dependent on the silicate speciation and a low interaction between the hydroxide anions and the silicates.Finally, by taking into account the connectivity of silicon atoms (determined by 29Si NMR) and the average oligomer radius (determined by X-ray scattering measurements), we have simulated the behaviour of "real" experimental solutions, and we have explained the influence of the alkali’s nature on the structural and dynamical properties
Boussois, Kévin. "Céramiques silicatées à résistance mécanique et ténacité élevées". Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/409cf415-f1bf-4a2e-883f-2b79387c362d/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4022.pdf.
Texto completoMultilayer ceramic materials with organized microstructures were obtained from kaolin and alumino-silicate fibers. This kind of microstructure can significantly improve tensile strength and toughness, which are essential properties for conventional ceramics. The two main ways promoting microstructural organization are (i) the use of an adapted shaping process favoring the preferential orientation of anisotropic particles in the compact powder. This is the case of mixtures composed of kaolinite and fibers shaped by pressing and especially by tape casting; (ii) the recrystallization of mullite needle crystals during sintering occurs in preferred directions from the layers of kaolinite and fibers. This addition of template contributes to impose the mullite growth direction. An anisotropic sintering is then obtained in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the orientation of the layers of kaolin and fibers. Simultaneously to the densification, the growth of mullite is highly anisotropic, inducing the formation of a micro composite with an organized microstructure in which the majority of large mullite crystals are mainly oriented in the casting direction and perpendicular to the fibers. At the macroscopic scale, materials exhibit mechanical properties strongly correlated to the organization degree of mullite crystals in the microstructure. The values of tensile strength and toughness are mostly increased despite the low fiber content (between 1 and 5 vol. %) compared to the properties of usual silicate ceramics
Boyer, Antoine. "Synthèse, caractérisation et évaluation biologique d'apatites phosphocalciques carbo silicatées". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068540.
Texto completoHouta, Nadia. "Dispersion de phyllosilicates et processus de frittage de céramiques silicatées". Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0075/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to improve both densification and stress to rupture values of silicate ceramics mainly elaborated from kaolin. This improvement is achieved by replacing a proportion of kaolin by halloysite. Indeed, this way also allows to highlight the influence of the shape of particles and their organization on microstructural properties. First, the dispersion of suspensions containing only kaolin or a mixture of kaolin and halloysite was optimized by reducing the size of agglomerates and by increasing the absolute value of zeta potential. Second, parameters (milling, ratio binder/plasticizer...) controlling the tape casting shaping process were also optimized. Finally, the influence of two types of thermal treatment at 1200°C (conventional and micro-waves sintering) mechanical properties (stress to rupture determined by bixial bending tests) of final products was studied. Results obtained show that several compromises regarding porosity, the organization of microstructure and mechanical properties i) a proportion equals to 10 mass % of halloysite combined with a micro-waves thermal treatment at 1200°C ii) a substitution content equals to 50 mass % of halloysite combined with a conventional thermal treatment at the same temperature
Gautron, Laurent. "Minéralogie physique de phases silicatées alumino-calciques du manteau terrestre. Implications géodynamiques". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00743660.
Texto completoBoyer, Laurent. "Synthèses et caractérisations d'apatites phospho-silicatées aux terres rares : application au nucléaire". Toulouse, INPT, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPT008C.
Texto completoMeducin, Fabienne. "Etude des phases silicatées du ciment hydraté sous haute pression et haute température". Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066337.
Texto completoFroment, Aurélien. "Caractérisation structurale d'hydroxyapatites carbo-silicatées par RMN du solide : applications à l'ingénierie du tissu osseux". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS435.
Texto completoBioceramics based on calcium phosphates, and more particularly hydroxyapatite (HA, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) are widely popular for applications linked to bone filling. These osteoconductive macroporous bioceramics provide a function of supporting bone regrowth, but the volumes are weak and only located on the edges of the host tissue. These bioceramics also have a limited capacity to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis at the heart of the implant and do not degrade according to a kinetic concomitant with that of the formation of new tissues. These limits have revealed the need to develop a new generation of biomaterials for clinical applications of regenerative medicine, biomaterials no longer only having the capacity to accommodate bone regrowth but must stimulate it. Carbo-silicate hydroxyapatites for which structural knowledge is very weak or almost non-existent are serious candidate materials for this new generation of biomaterials. The double substitution in carbonate ion, promotes the properties of biodegradation and osteoconduction, and in silicate ion, which in soluble form promotes bone formation, is a source of structural modifications that can lead to the modulation of the biological properties of those biomaterials. Structural knowledge of these new materials is therefore necessary before being able to classify them as future candidates for applications. The LCMCP has long had proven expertise in "NMR crystallography" in order to determine the structural properties of materials using characterization techniques. conventional and solid-phase NMR
Villanova, de Benavent Cristina. "Compositional and structural characterisation of Ni-phyllosilicates in hydrous silicate type Ni-laterite deposits". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/396616.
Texto completoEls fil- losilicats de níquel (comunament anomenats "garnierites") són importants menes en molts jaciments laterítics de Ni del món. La seva caracterització, classificació i nomenclatura és complexa, ja que normalment es troben en forma de mescles íntimes de diferents fil- losilicats de gra molt fi i baixa cristal• linitat. L'objectiu d' aquesta tesi és avançar en el coneixement de la mineralogia dels fil- losilicats de Ni del dipòsit de laterites niquelíferes de Falcondo, a la República Dominicana, per mitjà de l'ús d'un ampli espectre de tècniques analítiques: difracció de pols de raig X, anàlisi tèrmica diferencial i termogravimetria, microscòpia òptica, microscòpia electrònica de rastreig, microsonda electrònica, microscòpia electrònica de transmissió, espectroscòpia Raman, espectroscòpia d' absorció de raigs X (EXAFS i XANES, amb radiació sincrotró) i per mitjà d'experiments de dissolució. Les garnierites de Falcondo es localitzen a la part baixa de l'horitzó saprolftic en forma de rebliment de fractures i vetes, i ciments i clasts en bretxes. Els principals resultats indiquen que hi ha cinc tipus de garnierites, segons el seu color, la seva mineralogia i la química mineral. La majoria són barreges de serpentina i talc hidratat (kerolita-pimelita), tot i que també hi ha fases de la sèrie sepiolita-falcondoita. La fase que concentra més Ni és la kerolita-pimelita, mentre que a la serpentina el Ni és sistemàticament molt baix i a la sepiolita-falcondoita és molt variable. Les imatges d' alta resolució obtingudes amb microscopi electrònic de transmissió indiquen que els fil- losilicats que componen les garnierites formen una gran varietat de textures: serpentina poligonal, tubs de crisòtil, lamel• les de lizardita, lamel• les de talc hidratat i cintes de sepiolita. A més, s'ha observat que la kerolita-pimelita (rica en Ni) reemplaça sistemàticament la serpentina (pobra en Ni). L'espectroscòpia Raman permet distingir els cinc tipus descrits de garnierites i per tant, s'ofereix com una tècnica ràpida, senzilla i no destructiva per analitzar aquest tipus de minerals al camp. L' absorció de raigs X per mitjà de radiació sincrotró ha permès identificar que tot el Fe contingut en les garnierites i en les serpentines de la saprolita està en forma de Fe3+, i que tot el Ni es troba acumulat formant clusters, i no pas en forma de solució sòlida homogènia, a la capa octaèdrica. Finalment, els experiments de dissolució suggereixen que les velocitats de dissolució són més ràpides en les garnierites que contenen molta serpentina, i que la dissolució no és congruent, sent el Mg el primer element en ser posat en solució, seguit del Si i del Ni.
Shenoi, Perdoor Shridevi. "Nanoparticules fluorescentes cœur-coquille organique@silicates pour l'imagerie vasculaire in vivo". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV063/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is the synthesis, optimization and functionalization of organic@inorganic core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), which constitute a novel class of nanoparticulate tracers, to be used for two-photon deep tissue imaging of tumor vascularization. These core-shell NPs, which comprise an organic dye nanocrystal core (ca 40-50 nm) surrounded by a silicate crust, are synthesized using an original spray-drying method developed in our group. This process is based on the confined nucleation and growth of an organic nanocrystal concomitantly with the formation of a silicate crust by fast drying of sprayed droplets containing silicate oligomers, organic dye and solvent under an air flux at 150-200 °C. This one-step synthesis is made possible thanks to the control of both the sol-gel chemistry (polycondensation) and the nanocrystallization process, which occur simultaneously. Alkoxide precursors, TMOS (tetramethoxysilane) and TMSE (1.2-bis(trimethoxysilyl)ethane) are chosen to form the silicate shell. Additionally, an organosilane, (3-azidopropyl) triethoxysilane (AzPTES), is used to impart an azide functionality to the NPs for further functionalization with alkyne-modified moieties using the Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of organic azides to alkynes (CuAAC). The organic dyes for the nanocrystalline core are non-commercial and designed to exhibit high fluorescence intensity in the solid state under two-photon excitation in the near infrared (biological window) and the appropriate physico-chemical properties to enable their nanocrystallization. Spherical defect-free NPs were obtained. Colloidal NP suspensions were obtained after a basic partial dissolution of the shells of the NPs followed by acidic neutralization to pH 7.4, to match the pH of physiological media.In order to provide long circulation time of the NPs in the bloodstream to enable the use of these NPs as tracers for deep-tissue imaging, the synthesized NPs were derivatized with different moieties to improve their colloidal stability by charge/steric stabilization. The effects of the functionalization were studied using different characterization tools such as fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential under physiological conditions.Functionalization with different forms of alkyne-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG), differing in chain length and structure was done using CuAAC, to render them furtive and increase their circulation time in the bloodstream. The functionalized NPs, when compared with the initial core shell NPs (prior to functionalization) using IR spectroscopy, showed positive results, with reduction in the azide band intensity and appearance of bands corresponding to the C-H bonds of the PEG in the functionalized NPs. DLS performed on colloidal suspensions of the core-shell NPs functionalized with a long-chain (Mn :5000) PEG in two media, (a) water and (b) Simulated body fluid (SBF) solution, each tested at two different temperatures (i) 25 °C and (ii) 37 °C resulted in size distributions centered at less than 200 nm in all four cases, thereby indicating stability of the functionalized core-shell NP suspensions under physiological conditions. Fluorescence spectroscopy of the NP suspensions before and after functionalization also exhibited good results, with comparable brightness after functionalization, suggesting that no quenching occurred in the presence of Cu salts. The colloidal suspensions were found to have lost less than 10 % of the fluorescence signal, suggesting colloidal stability.The interactions of these core-shell NPs with different plasma proteins were also investigated, with minimal aggregation in the presence of high concentrations of proteins. Two-photon fluorescence imaging tests in mice are underway. In conclusion, bright, red-emitting core-shell NPs have been produced, which are promising for use in bio-imaging
Maffre, Pierre. "Interactions entre tectonique, érosion, altération des roches silicatées et climat à l'échelle des temps géologiques : rôle des chaînes de montagnes". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30287.
Texto completoThis thesis explores how orogenies may affect the Earth climate through the quantification of the interactions between climate dynamics, continental erosion, silicate rock weathering rate and geological carbon cycle. The first chapter describes the mechanisms linking the continental topography and its impacts on the atmospheric and oceanic circulations, with emphasis on the thermohaline circulation. The second chapter compares the effects on continental weatherability of climate dynamics and erosional changes related to the presence of mountains. The third chapter describes a dynamic model of regolith designed for global scale simulations, and describes its transient behavior, as well as its response to a CO2 degassing. Finally, the last chapter presents a numerical model of the continental isotopic cycle of lithium, so that its reliability as a proxy of the past weathering can be tested. The model explores the case study of the Amazon lithium cycle
Sissman, Olivier. "Séquestration minérale du CO2 dans les basaltes et les roches ultrabasiques : impact des phases secondaires silicatées sur le processus de carbonatation". Paris, Institut de physique du globe, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GLOB0001.
Texto completoFeneyrol, Julien. "Pétrologie, géochimie et genèse des gisements de tsavorite associés aux gneiss et roches calco-silicatées graphiteux de Lemshuku et Namalulu, Tanzanie". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0348/document.
Texto completoTsavorite, a (V, Cr, Mn)-bearing green grossular, is hosted by graphitic gneisses or calc-silicates, often asssociated with dolomitic marbles, and belonging to the Metamorphic Neoproterozoic Mozambique Belt. Tsavorite is found either as nodules or in quartz veins (primary deposits), or in placers (secondary deposits). The mineralogical study of tsavorites suggests a new protocol to certificate their geographical origin, based on the V/Cr ratio, Mn content and delta18O. The study of the Lemshuku and Namalulu deposits in Tanzania has shown that the metamorphism of organic matter-rich and evaporites-rich sedimentary protoliths occurred at P = 7.0 ± 0.4 kbar and T = 677 ± 14°C, at 634 ± 22 Ma (U-Th-Pb dating on monazite). The metamorphic series cooled down at around 500 Ma (40Ar-39Ar dating on muscovite). Two metasomatic stages are linked to the formation of tsavorite : (i) diffusion metasomatism forming nodules at P = 5.0-7.4 kbar and T = 580-691°C; (ii) calcitic infiltration metasomatism forming quartz veins at P = 3.6-4.9 kbar and T = 505-587°C. These last have been dated in situ with Sm-Nd dating at 606 ± 36 Ma. Continental evaporites, deposited in a coastal marine sabkha with (Si, Ca)-bearing sediments, transformed into tsavorite in the case of the nodules, while the molten salts are associated with the formation of the quartz veins. The mineralisations are controlled by lithostratigraphy and structure
Luquot, Linda. "Quantification expérimentale à l'échelle mésoscopique des processus réactionnels dans le cadre de l'injection de CO2 dans des roches carbonatées et silicatées". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00416408.
Texto completoLuquot, Linda. "Quantification expérimentale à l'échelle mésoscopique des processus réactionnels dans le cadre de l'injection de CO2 dans des roches carbonatées et silicatées". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON20245.
Texto completoIn order to minimize CO2 atmospheric concentration, a solution consists in sequestrating CO2 in geological reservoirs. To estimate long term risks, it is necessary to quantify the couplings between reaction processes as well as structural and hydrodynamical modifications. We realised two experimental benches enabling injecting CO2-enriched-brine in conditions corresponding to in situ storage (T < 200 °C and P < 200 bar) and developed an experimental protocol using X-Ray microtomography and fluid and rock analyses in order to measure the variations of physical and chemical parameters. The study of carbonated reservoirs near the injection well, allows quantifying different k-phi relationships depending on the dissolution processes and triggered by the local fluid chemical composition and initials conditions. Away from the injection well, we observe carbonate precipitation decreasing the permeability. The study of fracturated caprock samples shows that alternative percolation of CO2-enriched-brine and CO2 gas increases the fracture permeability. The study of silicated rocks indicates carbonate precipitation in zeolite sandstone and sintered dunite grains. Nevertheless, in zeolite sandstone we also observe the precipitation of clay particles located in the fluid pathways which decrease strongly the permeability
Panteix, Pierre-Jean. "Synthèse et caractérisation de conducteurs ioniques à structure apatitique". Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0e2e1931-fdaf-4a60-a348-2707f7246747/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0060.pdf.
Texto completoIn the field of the production of electrical energy, the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) have been for a few years the object of studies aiming at optimizing their performances. The too high operating temperature remains the principal point to improve, related above all to the nature of the electrolyte: at the present time, the most used material is the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), which properties of conduction of the ions O2- are sufficient about 1000°C. The lowering of the operating temperature to an "intermediate" range (600-800°C) thus passes by the search for an efficient material in this range of temperature. The oxyapatites are potential candidates. This work first proposes a bibliographical review. The conditions of use of the SOFC are summarized, founding the schedule of conditions of various materials constituting it. The crystalline structure of apatites is then detailed. The various research already carried out on the properties of ionic conduction of the oxyapatites is indexed. The oxyapatite selected as reference (La9,33(SiO4)6O2) is synthesized by solid state synthesis and then densified by natural sintering or hot pressing. The processes are optimized in order to obtain samples as pure as possible with good densification ratios. The influence of residual porosity on the electric response is detailed: the particular microstructure of the pellets leads to regard the materials as composites apatite-air. The improvement of conductivity involves a better comprehension of the mechanisms governing the diffusion of the ions O2- within the crystalline structure. As a consequence, several series of samples with controlled stoichiometries are synthesized and characterized. The influence of various defects is thus studied, giving information on the predominant parameters in the formulation of material, and highlighting particularly the importance of the relations between the stoichiometry and electrical properties
Azenha, Marcelo Rodrigues [UNESP]. "Reparação óssea em alvéolos de ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com biovidro: análise histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123378.
Texto completoObjetivos: Avaliar o processo de reparo alveolar em ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com Biosilicato cristalino. Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta ratas foram divididas em quatro grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o tratamento: Grupo 1- ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; Grupo 2-ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino; Grupo 3-ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; e Grupo 4- ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino. Após 7, 14 e 28 dias os animais foram sacrificados e análises histomorfométricas (histologia e histometria) e imunoistoquímicas (Osteopontina e Osteocalcina) foram realizadas. A comparação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico Assistat 2013 para Windows através da Análise de Variância e teste de Mann-Whitney, com resultados significantes sendo encontrados quando p≤0.05. Resultados: No período de 7 dias, os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram resultados superiores e estatisticamente maiores do que os Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05) quanto à formação óssea. Após o período de 14 dias as diferenças estatísticas mantiveram-se, com os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante maiores aos Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05). Aos 28 dias, a diferença estatística significativa permaneceu entre os mesmo Grupos estudados, sendo que nos grupos implantados com o Biosilicato cerca de 60% do alvéolo já havia sido preenchido por osso novo. A imunoistoquímica revelou expressão das proteínas Osteocalcina e Osteopontina, principalmente nos animais submetidos à cirurgia de ovarectomia. Conclusões: Os Grupos 1 e 3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados durante todo o estudo, com o Biosilicato cristalino apresentando resultado favorável na reparação...
Objectives: To evaluate the process of alveolar repair in ovariectomized rats after implantation with Biosilicate. Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four groups (n = 15) according to treatment: Group 1 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 2 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate; Group 3 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 4 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis (histology and histometric) and immunohistochemical (Osteopontin and Osteocalcin) were measured . The comparison of the results was performed using the statistical program Assistat 2013 for Windows by Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney tests, with significant results being found when p ≤ 0:05 . Results: During the 7- day period, Groups 1 and 3 showed better and significantly higher results in bone formation than Groups 2 and 4 (p<0.05). After 14 days the statistical differences remained between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 4 (p<0,05). At 28 days, the statically difference remained significant between the same Groups, while the groups implanted with Biosilicate presented about 60% of the socket filled by new bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin, especially in animals subjected to ovariectomy surgery. Conclusions: Groups 1 and 3 were those with the best results throughout the study, with the crystalline Biosilicate presenting favorable result in bone repair without bioglass resorption. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that animals subjected to ovariectomy had a higher signaling in Ostecalcina and Osteopontin proteins
Azenha, Marcelo Rodrigues. "Reparação óssea em alvéolos de ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com biovidro : análise histomorfométrica e imunoistoquímica /". Araçatuba, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123378.
Texto completoBanca: Celso Kooji Sonoda
Banca: Sonia Regina Panzarini Barioni
Banca: Luiz Guilherme Brentegani
Banca: Osny Ferreira Júnior
Resumo: Objetivos: Avaliar o processo de reparo alveolar em ratas ovarectomizadas após implante com Biosilicato cristalino. Materiais e Métodos: Sessenta ratas foram divididas em quatro grupos (n = 15) de acordo com o tratamento: Grupo 1- ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; Grupo 2-ratas submetidas à cirurgia sham com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino; Grupo 3-ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com coágulo; e Grupo 4- ratas ovarectomizadas com alvéolos preenchidos com Biosilicato cristalino. Após 7, 14 e 28 dias os animais foram sacrificados e análises histomorfométricas (histologia e histometria) e imunoistoquímicas (Osteopontina e Osteocalcina) foram realizadas. A comparação dos resultados foi realizada utilizando o programa estatístico Assistat 2013 para Windows através da Análise de Variância e teste de Mann-Whitney, com resultados significantes sendo encontrados quando p≤0.05. Resultados: No período de 7 dias, os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentaram resultados superiores e estatisticamente maiores do que os Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05) quanto à formação óssea. Após o período de 14 dias as diferenças estatísticas mantiveram-se, com os Grupos 1 e 3 apresentando diferença estatisticamente significante maiores aos Grupos 2 e 4 (p<0.05). Aos 28 dias, a diferença estatística significativa permaneceu entre os mesmo Grupos estudados, sendo que nos grupos implantados com o Biosilicato cerca de 60% do alvéolo já havia sido preenchido por osso novo. A imunoistoquímica revelou expressão das proteínas Osteocalcina e Osteopontina, principalmente nos animais submetidos à cirurgia de ovarectomia. Conclusões: Os Grupos 1 e 3 foram os que apresentaram os melhores resultados durante todo o estudo, com o Biosilicato cristalino apresentando resultado favorável na reparação...
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the process of alveolar repair in ovariectomized rats after implantation with Biosilicate. Materials and Methods: Sixty rats were divided into four groups (n = 15) according to treatment: Group 1 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 2 - rats underwent sham surgery with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate; Group 3 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with blood clot; Group 4 - ovariectomized rats with alveoli filled with crystalline Biosilicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days the animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric analysis (histology and histometric) and immunohistochemical (Osteopontin and Osteocalcin) were measured . The comparison of the results was performed using the statistical program Assistat 2013 for Windows by Analysis of Variance and Mann-Whitney tests, with significant results being found when p ≤ 0:05 . Results: During the 7- day period, Groups 1 and 3 showed better and significantly higher results in bone formation than Groups 2 and 4 (p<0.05). After 14 days the statistical differences remained between Groups 1 and 3 and Groups 2 and 4 (p<0,05). At 28 days, the statically difference remained significant between the same Groups, while the groups implanted with Biosilicate presented about 60% of the socket filled by new bone. Immunohistochemistry revealed expression of proteins osteocalcin and osteopontin, especially in animals subjected to ovariectomy surgery. Conclusions: Groups 1 and 3 were those with the best results throughout the study, with the crystalline Biosilicate presenting favorable result in bone repair without bioglass resorption. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that animals subjected to ovariectomy had a higher signaling in Ostecalcina and Osteopontin proteins
Doutor
Rizo, Garza Hanika. "Différenciation précoce de la terre silicatée enregistrée dans les roches archéennes d'Isua (Groenland) : implications sur la dynamique du manteau au cours du temps". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00861891.
Texto completoRogers, Jennifer Roberts. "Nutrient-driven colonization and weathering of silicates /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004368.
Texto completoHenchiri, Soufian. "Les isotopes du lithium, traceurs de la zone critique de la Terre : du local au global". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC201.
Texto completoThe Critical Zone of the Earth is the layer covering its surface, at the interface between the water cycle, the lithosphere and the biosphere. This layer is produced at its base by chemical weathering and destroyed at its top by mechanical erosion. We explore the potential of lithium isotopes dissolved in rivers as tracers of continental chemical weathering processes as lithium and its isotopes are highly fractionated between the dissolved and solid phases during water-rock interaction processes. First, we are focused on the Congo Bassin. This study demonstrates the equivocal response of the isotopic composition of the riverine dissolved Li isotope compositions (δ7Li) to flat topography (and high weathering intensities). Two extreme values of dissolved δ7Li are produced in the Congo Basin, which trace two distinct continental weathering styles in which chemical weathering processes are different. On the other hand, we refined the mean flux of Li and its average isotopic signature exported to the ocean by rivers today (5.5×1010 g. an-1 et 19±2‰, respectively). We show that dissolved δ7Li in large rivers is controlled, at first-order, by the re-incorporation of Li into secondary weathering minerals (in soils and floodplains) and in, an equivocal way, of the weathering intensity. Moreover, the study of dissolved δ7Li in rivers draining volcanic islands (Iceland, Java, Martinique, Sao Miguel and Reunion) shows that continental hydrothermal activity, producing waters with high Li concentration with low value of δ7Li (as low fractionated towards the basaltic bedrock), influences the dissolved δ7Li in rivers of volcanic islands and can have an impact on the Li flux (and its δ7Li) transferred to the ocean on a global scale. Finally, by using a simple box model of the ocean and our results, we suggest an interpretation of the 9‰ increase of seawater δ7Li during the Cenozoic. This thesis highlights that riverine dissolved Li isotopes confirm once again their capacity to be powerful tracers of the weathering regimes of continental silicate rocks (even in anthropized context, as showed by our study of the Orgeval catchment, in Seine-et-Marne). Li and its isotopes are thus promising tracers of the Critical Zone of the Earth and the chemical weathering paleo-processes as well as the long-term geodynamic evolution of the continents or even the large vertical movements affecting the continental lithosphere
Claireaux, Corinne. "Mobilité atomique dans les silicates vitreux et fondus". Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066401/document.
Texto completoThis manuscript deals with the coupled diffusion in an industrial glass system containing four oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O). The temperature range extends from the glass transition temperature (650°C) to the liquidus (1200°C). The first results concern the macroscopic nature of diffusion. The matrix containing the diffusion coefficients quantifies the mobility of the components and highlights many interactions between them. Other information can be obtained at the microscopic scale. The exchange equations summarize the main diffusion paths followed by the system in reactions form. All the data from the literature are processed and they seem to converge towards preferential diffusion paths. Hypothesis about the mechanisms of diffusion of the species are proposed. The results obtained at low temperatures open a discussion of the relationship between transport properties and diffusion. The study of the structure of the material was based on Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion experiments provide a large number of glass compositions, which allowed us to develop a statistical tool for handling spectra. The spectral components thus obtained are discussed in the light of the many observations described in the literature. This approach allowed us to interpret the components through correlations between their relative intensities and the composition of the material and by studying their evolution along the diffusion profiles. The possibility of a Raman spectroscopy technique for quantifying species is discussed
Claireaux, Corinne. "Mobilité atomique dans les silicates vitreux et fondus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066401.
Texto completoThis manuscript deals with the coupled diffusion in an industrial glass system containing four oxides (SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, Na2O). The temperature range extends from the glass transition temperature (650°C) to the liquidus (1200°C). The first results concern the macroscopic nature of diffusion. The matrix containing the diffusion coefficients quantifies the mobility of the components and highlights many interactions between them. Other information can be obtained at the microscopic scale. The exchange equations summarize the main diffusion paths followed by the system in reactions form. All the data from the literature are processed and they seem to converge towards preferential diffusion paths. Hypothesis about the mechanisms of diffusion of the species are proposed. The results obtained at low temperatures open a discussion of the relationship between transport properties and diffusion. The study of the structure of the material was based on Raman spectroscopy. Diffusion experiments provide a large number of glass compositions, which allowed us to develop a statistical tool for handling spectra. The spectral components thus obtained are discussed in the light of the many observations described in the literature. This approach allowed us to interpret the components through correlations between their relative intensities and the composition of the material and by studying their evolution along the diffusion profiles. The possibility of a Raman spectroscopy technique for quantifying species is discussed
Bobin, Olivier. "Propriétés optiques de nanoparticules de cuivre et d'argent dans des matrices silicatées : application aux archéomatériaux : céramiques glaçurées à décor de lustre métallique du IXème siècle : Grande Mosquée de Kairouan-Tunisie". Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30065.
Texto completoWild, Bastien. "Changements microstructuraux et diversité microbienne associés à l'altération des silicates : influence sur les cinétiques de dissolution du laboratoire au terrain". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAH004/document.
Texto completoChemical weathering of silicate minerals is central to numerous environmental and societal challenges. This study addresses the long-standing question of the inconsistency between field and laboratory estimates of dissolution kinetics, by revisiting current approaches of mineral reactivity. It is demonstrated that evolution of feldspar reaction rates are inaccurately describedby current kinetics rate laws, due to textural and structural changes occurring at the fluid-mineral interface over the course of the dissolution process. A novel method is developed to enable probing biogeochemical weathering rates in the field. Bacterial and fungal metagenomic data reveal that subtle reciprocal relationships are established between microorganisms and mineral substrates within the mineralosphere. This thesis emphasizes the impact of passivation phenomena on dissolution rates, under field-relevant reacting conditions and the incapacity of microorganisms to overcome the passivation barrier
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes [UNESP]. "Aplicação de corretivos de acidez do solo na implantação do sistema plantio direto". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110936.
Texto completoNo sistema de semeadura direta (SSD), a prática da correção da acidez do solo se restringe ao uso do calcário, havendo poucas informações em relação às escórias de siderur gia. O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações em atributos químico s do solo, absorção de nutrientes e produtividade do feijoeiro, aveia preta e soja em sucessão, em função da aplicação incorporada e superficial de escórias de siderurgia, comparadas ao ca lcário, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto . O experimento foi conduzido sob um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico , durante três anos (2010 - 2013) . Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação superficial e incorporada de sete corretivos da acidez do solo: es córias de aciar ia (EA), de alto forno (EAF), forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (agrosilício ® ) ( AG), wollastonita (W), calcário dolomítico (CD) e calcário dolomítico calcinado (CDC), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de corretivo. A dose aplicada de cad a corretivo foi calculada para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 70%. Em fevereiro de 2011 foi realizado o primeiro cultivo com o feijoeiro ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) , em seguida o experimento foi desenvolvido obedecendo a um sistema de sucessão de culturas , ou seja, no inverno foi semeada a aveia preta ( Avena strigosa ) e no verão a soja ( Glycine max ). Os corretivos de acidez do solo proporcionaram alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, com elevação nos teores de Ca, Mg, P refletindo em alterações nos va lores de soma de bases, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. As escória s forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (AG) e de aciaria (EA) pode m ser aplicadas em SSD, com eficiência semelhante aos calcários na neutralização da acidez do solo. A mai or solubilidade do silicato em relação ao carbonato não torna as ...
In the no - tillage system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding the use of steel slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical attributes, yield and nutrient u ptake of common bean, soybean and black oat according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted under a Rhodic Hapludox for three years (2010 - 2013). The treatments consiste d of surface and incorporated application of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag (SS), blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), stainless steel slag (“agrosilício”) (AG), wollastonite (W), lime (L) and calcined dolomite lime (CDL), plus o ne control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. In February 2011, the first cultivation of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) occurred. Afterwards, the experiment was developed according to a success ion of cultures, that is, in winter black oats was sown ( Avena strigosa ) and in summer, soybean ( Glycine max ) was sown. Soil acidity correctives materials provided changes in soil chemical properties, increased Ca, Mg, P and values of sum of bases, base saturation and CEC. The ladle furnace slag (LFS), SS and AG can be applied in the no - tillage system with similar efficiency to limestone to neutralize soil acidity. Higher solubility of the silicate in regard to the carbonate neither become the steel slag more efficient than the limes not even correct soil acidity faster at the establishment of no - tillage system. The common bean yield increases by application of correctives in soil acidity, while, black oat yield shows low answer to the correctives material s applications. The agrosilicate (AG), SS, LFL, W, CDL and L increases similarly soy bean yield in the no - tillage system ...
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes 1983. "Aplicação de corretivos de acidez do solo na implantação do sistema plantio direto /". Botucatu :, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/110936.
Texto completoBanca: Rosemary Marques de A. Bertani
Banca: Marcelo Andreotti
Banca: Dirceu Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol
Resumo: No sistema de semeadura direta (SSD), a prática da correção da acidez do solo se restringe ao uso do calcário, havendo poucas informações em relação às escórias de siderur gia. O trabalho objetivou avaliar as alterações em atributos químico s do solo, absorção de nutrientes e produtividade do feijoeiro, aveia preta e soja em sucessão, em função da aplicação incorporada e superficial de escórias de siderurgia, comparadas ao ca lcário, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto . O experimento foi conduzido sob um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico , durante três anos (2010 - 2013) . Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação superficial e incorporada de sete corretivos da acidez do solo: es córias de aciar ia (EA), de alto forno (EAF), forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (agrosilício ® ) ( AG), wollastonita (W), calcário dolomítico (CD) e calcário dolomítico calcinado (CDC), além de uma testemunha sem aplicação de corretivo. A dose aplicada de cad a corretivo foi calculada para elevar a saturação por bases do solo a 70%. Em fevereiro de 2011 foi realizado o primeiro cultivo com o feijoeiro ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) , em seguida o experimento foi desenvolvido obedecendo a um sistema de sucessão de culturas , ou seja, no inverno foi semeada a aveia preta ( Avena strigosa ) e no verão a soja ( Glycine max ). Os corretivos de acidez do solo proporcionaram alterações nos atributos químicos do solo, com elevação nos teores de Ca, Mg, P refletindo em alterações nos va lores de soma de bases, saturação por bases e capacidade de troca catiônica. As escória s forno de panela (EFP), do aço inox (AG) e de aciaria (EA) pode m ser aplicadas em SSD, com eficiência semelhante aos calcários na neutralização da acidez do solo. A mai or solubilidade do silicato em relação ao carbonato não torna as ...
Abstract: In the no - tillage system, soil acidity correction practice is restricted to limestone use and there is little information regarding the use of steel slag. The study aimed to evaluate the amendments in soil chemical attributes, yield and nutrient u ptake of common bean, soybean and black oat according to the application forms of slags, compared to limestone, in the implantation of no till system. The experiment was conducted under a Rhodic Hapludox for three years (2010 - 2013). The treatments consiste d of surface and incorporated application of seven soil acidity correctives: steel slag (SS), blast furnace slag (BFS), ladle furnace slag (LFS), stainless steel slag ("agrosilício") (AG), wollastonite (W), lime (L) and calcined dolomite lime (CDL), plus o ne control without corrective application. Each material dose was calculated to raise the base saturation to 70%. In February 2011, the first cultivation of bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) occurred. Afterwards, the experiment was developed according to a success ion of cultures, that is, in winter black oats was sown ( Avena strigosa ) and in summer, soybean ( Glycine max ) was sown. Soil acidity correctives materials provided changes in soil chemical properties, increased Ca, Mg, P and values of sum of bases, base saturation and CEC. The ladle furnace slag (LFS), SS and AG can be applied in the no - tillage system with similar efficiency to limestone to neutralize soil acidity. Higher solubility of the silicate in regard to the carbonate neither become the steel slag more efficient than the limes not even correct soil acidity faster at the establishment of no - tillage system. The common bean yield increases by application of correctives in soil acidity, while, black oat yield shows low answer to the correctives material s applications. The agrosilicate (AG), SS, LFL, W, CDL and L increases similarly soy bean yield in the no - tillage system ...
Doutor
Dufils, Thomas. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques des magmas hydratés par dynamique moléculaire". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066240/document.
Texto completoIn this manuscript, we focused on the properties of magmas and the effects of water on these properties using classical molecular dynamics simulations. After having pointed out the importance of water in geological processes and presented some basic principles of molecular dynamics simulations, we present a force field for dry silicate melts. We use this force field to study the equation of state, the structure and the transport properties (viscosity, electrical conductivity, diffusion coefficient) of silicate melts of terrestrial and extra-terrestrial compositions. These results are systematically compared with data of the literature. We then develop a force field for pure water compatible to the one proposed for silicates. The validity of this force field is investigated by comparison with experimental studies, ab-initio simulations and other MD simulations using classical force fields. At last we add a water-silicate interaction to the two former force fields in order to describe hydrous silicate melts. This force field is used to study the properties of water-silicate mixtures (solubility, surface tension). The structure and properties of hydrous silicate melts are evaluated as well as the speciation of water, the density, the viscosity, the electrical conductivity and the diffusion coefficients. The local structure around protonated species (OH-,H2O and H3O+) and their diffusion coefficients are also determined. All these results are compared with available data of the literature
Pollet-Villard, Marion. "Évolution de la surface réactive du feldspath potassique au cours de son altération en contexte géothermal : étude expérimentale et modélisation". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAH015/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at quantifying the reactive surface area evolution of dissolving K- feldspar, and evaluating the impact on the dissolution kinetics during its alteration in geothermal context. The study focuses on : (1) the influence of secondary coatings on the orthoclase surface, (2) the impact of the anisotropic crystalline structure of orthoclase and (3) the effect of etch pit formation on the mineral surface. Experimental and numerical results highlight that the orthoclase dissolution rate and its evolution over time mainly depends onits morphology. Some orthoclase faces dissolve 10 times faster than others, resulting in an increase of the surface proportion of rapid vs. slow dissolving faces during the process and the increase of up to an order of magnitude of the overall orthoclase dissolution rate. These results question the significance of rate laws and reaction mechanisms determined from powder experiments and the pave to new approaches for investigating mineral reactivity
Dubernet, Stéphan. "Défauts ponctuels dans les silicates : élaboration, coloration, altération de verres archéologiques, caractérisation de défauts dans un luminiphore silicaté". Bordeaux 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR30205.
Texto completoRzeplinski, Igor. "Implications de la chimie du xénon sur les contextes planétaire et nucléaire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS268.
Texto completoXenon (Xe) is the heaviest element among the stable noble gases series. This element undergoes a geochemical paradox involving its elemental abundance and its isotopic fractionation. Several theories has been proposed as solutions. Here we investigate the hypothesis of Xe incorporation in silicates at moderate pressure. Samples are made from natural mineral powders loaded with Xe-enriched gas, heated up to a temperature between 800 and 1,400 °C under 3.5 GPa. A significant isotopic fractionation is observed for 11 samples showing a maximum value d(Xe) = 2.30 ± 0.19 ‰ per atomic mass unit. Based on these results, we propose a scenario as the Xe paradox solution (Rzeplinski et al., 2022). It consists firstly in the incorporation of Xe in crystals solidifying from successive magma oceans within the 100 first million years of Earth existence. This incorporation favors the heaviest isotopes retention within minerals. Then, each planetesimal impact generating a new magma ocean triggers the escape of a significant part of the atmosphere, which is lost to space. Finally, Xe contained into silicates progressively degas and overprints the chondritic signature of the secondary atmosphere until reaching nowadays observed value. This scenario can be extended to Mars. In addition, our work provides us phases containing up to 0.318 ± 0.016 n%Xe. Those materials could have a potential application in nuclear industry. By delaying the appearance of Xe bubbles in the fuel, its burnup could be increased
Vedovatto, Felipe. "Silício no controle de Colletotrichum lindemuthianum em feijoeiro". Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2017. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/11642.
Texto completoA antracnose do feijoeiro é causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Sacc & Magnus) Scribner, sendo considerada uma das principais doenças que atacam a cultura, podendo ocasionar perdas e diminuição da produtividade final e uma das alternativas de controle mais utilizadas é a indução química e genética de resistência. O uso do silício na agricultura apresenta vários benefícios, tais como: diminuição de toxidez por metais, alívio do estresse salino e da falta de água, aumento da resistência a ventos fortes, aumento da resistência a patógenos e insetos, entre outros. Diante disso, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito do silício como indutor de resistência à antracnose do feijoeiro, utilizando diferentes fontes no recobrimento de sementes. Foram utilizadas quatro fontes de silício: cinza de casca de arroz carbonizada, pó de rocha produto comercial Potenccy®, o produto comercial Supa Sílica, Agrichem® e o produto comercial Silicon SiO2, Rigrantec®. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos: no experimento 1 foram testadas as fontes de silício aplicadas em sementes da cultivar IPR Graúna, suscetível a antracnose, através da avaliação sanitária e fisiológica das sementes, e foi realizada a análise histológica das plântulas e do tegumento das sementes para detectar a presença de silício. A fonte de silício que apresentou as melhores respostas para o controle da antracnose, no experimento 1, foi utilizada no experimento 2, que foi realizado em campo, com duas cultivares de feijão suscetíveis a antracnose (IPR Graúna e IPR Uirapuru), onde foram avaliadas a emergência e sintomas nas plântulas. Foi possível identificar silício nas folhas primárias de plântulas de feijão, somente para o tratamento com silício oriundo do produto comercial Silicon SiO2, Rigrantec®. A aplicação de silício reduz efeito negativo da inoculação com Colletotrichum lindemuthianum nas sementes de feijão.
Diniz, Vandeberg. "Durabilidade de união e carga cíclica para falha do silicato de litío reforçado por zircônia após cimentação adesiva /". São José dos Campos, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180712.
Texto completoBanca: Tarcísio José Arruda Paes Júnior
Banca: Laís Regiane da Silva Concílio
Resumo: No presente trabalho, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes concentrações de ácido fluorídrico (5% e 10%), na resistência de união entre uma cerâmica de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia (sem cristalização adicional, com queima de glaze e com queima adicional de cristalização) e um cimento resinoso, com e sem envelhecimento. Avaliou-se também o comportamento em fadiga de uma cerâmica à base de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia (sem cristalização adicional, com de queima de glaze e com queima adicional de cristalização) cimentada adesivamente a um material análogo a dentina (NEMA G10), na ausência ou presença de envelhecimento. Para o teste de microtração os blocos cerâmicos de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia foram cortados em blocos menores e divididos aleatoriamente em 12 grupos (N = 72; n = 6). No teste de fadiga os espécimes foram em formato de discos (diâmetro de 12 mm e espessura de 1,2 mm) cimentados a discos de resina epoxi Nema G10 (diâmetro de 12mm e espessura de 2,3mm), divididos em 6 grupos (N = 120; n = 20) e submetidos a ensaio de fadiga pelo método da escada (100.000 ciclos, 20 Hertz de frequência). Os dados resistência de união (MPa) e fadiga (N) foram submetidos à ANOVA 2-fatores, e respectivamente submetidos aos testes de Tukey e Bonferroni (p<0,05). Os resultados mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante para o fator "termociclagem" (ANOVA 2 fatores, p<0,05) sendo os grupos sem termociclagem superiores aos grupos com envelhecimento... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract : This study evaluated the effect of different hydrofluoric acid concentrations (5% and 10%) on the bond strength between a zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate ceramic (without additional crystallization, glaze firing and additional crystallization firing) and a resinous cement, with and without aging. The fatigue behavior of a zirconium-reinforced lithium silicate-based ceramic (without additional crystallization, glaze firing and additional crystallization firing) adhesively cemented to a material like dentin (NEMA G10) was also evaluated with or without thermal aging. For the microtensile test, the zirconia reinforced lithium silicate ceramic blocks were cut into smaller blocks and randomly divided into 12 groups (N=72; n=6). In the fatigue test, discs (diameter 12 mm and thickness 1.2 mm) were cut, cemented to NEMA G10 epoxy resin discs (diameter 12 mm and thickness 2.3 mm), assigned into 6 groups (N=120, n=20) and subjected to the fatigue test by the ladder method (100,000 cycles, 20 Hertz frequency). The bond strength (MPa) and fatigue (N) data were submitted to 2-Way ANOVA, and respectively submitted to Tukey and Bonferroni tests (p <0.05). The results showed a statistically significant difference for the "thermocycling" factor (2-Way ANOVA, p <0.05), with the groups without thermocycling been superior to the aged groups (Tukey). The Bonferroni test indicated that within the same condition (with or without thermocycling), the groups with additional crystallization or glaze firing showed higher results than the groups without additional firing. Thus, the bond between ZLS and the resin cement was negatively affected by thermal aging in water. On the other hand, the fatigue behavior of ZLS discs cemented on NEMA G10 was higher in the groups that received glaze or crystallization firing and lower in the aged groups...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Pires, Cleo Thomas Gabriel Vilela Menegaz Teixeira. "Síntese e pilarização de ácidos silícicos lamelares". [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250072.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: Nos últimos anos tem sido observado um crescente interesse na obtenção de materiais lamelares modificados, devido as suas propriedades únicas e consequentes aplicações científicas e tecnológicas possíveis. Ácidos silícicos como a magadeíta, a kaneíta e a ilerita são compostos extremamente versáteis, podendo-se variar os seus espaçamentos basais a partir de intercalações com grupos de cadeia carbônica longa ou troca iônica. Outras alterações possíveis são as substituições isomórficas do silício por átomos tri- ou tetravalentes como alumínio e titânio respectivamente, modificando as propriedades químicas da lamela. Neste trabalho os ácidos silícicos lamelares magadeíta, ilerita e kaneíta foram sintetizados pelo método hidrotérmico, contendo também átomos de Al e Ti inseridos na estrutura. Em todos os casos observou-se que conforme aumenta-se a quantidade de metal adicionado ou o tempo de tratamento hidrotérmico, ocorrem transições de fase que seguem a ordem: amorfa, fase lamelar de interesse, cristobalita e tridimita, bem como suas misturas em situações intermediárias. Diferentes métodos de pilarização com TiO2 foram exaustivamente testados, variando-se uma série de parâmetros. O método que se mostrou mais eficiente consistiu na utilização de CTAB e TBAOH como agentes espaçadores sob refluxo a 353 K, seguido de adição direta do alcoxido no material intercalado seco, então refluxados a 363 K sob fluxo de nitrogênio. Os materiais obtidos por este método possuem mesoporos com 4,8 nm de diâmetro em media, porem a área superficial obtida foi de apenas cerca de 270 m g. Nos materiais pilarizados foram imobilizados os fotocatalisadores pirílio (TPP) e tiapirílio (TPTP) de modo a provar a eficiência na degradação fotocatalítica do pesticida metidation. Os materiais híbridos apresentaram desempenho superior aos fotocatalisadores orgânicos puros, o que representa um ótimo ponto inicial para a otimização deste processo. Também o comportamento fotofísico dos corantes impregnados nos materiais pilarizados foram estudados
Abstract: Recently, the interest to obtain modified layered materials is increasing, due to their properties and possible scientific and technological applications. Silicic acids such as magadiite, kenyaite and ilerite are extremely versatile compounds, allowing to vary the basal spacing by intercalation with carbonic long chains groups or ionic exchange process. Other possible modifications are isomorphic substitution by aluminum, titanium or iron atoms, with changeing the lamella chemical properties. In this investigation layered silicic acids magadiite, ilerite and kenyaite, containing also Al and Ti atoms inserted into the lamellar structure, were synthesized by hydrothermal method. For all cases was observed that with the increase of metal amount added or the hydrothermal treatment time there are phase transitions, following the order: from amorphous, to layered phase to crystobalite and tridimite, as mixtures of them at intermediate situations. Different pilarization methods with TiO2 were exhaustedly tested by varying many parameters. The most efficient methods used CTAB and TBAOH as swelling agents under reflux at 353 K, followed by direct alcoxide addition on the dry material, then refluxed at 363 K with dry nitrogen atmosphere. These materials have mesopores with 4.8 nm average diameter, nevertheless just 270 m g surface area. Some pillared materials were used to immobilize the photocatalyst pyrylium (TPP) and thiopyrylium (TPTP) and then test in the photocatalytic degradation of methidathion pesticide. The hybrid materials showed a better activity than that of pure organic, what means a great initial point to optimize this process. The photophysic behavior of impregnated dyes on pillared materials was also studied
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
Crépisson, Céline. ""Missing Xenon" : experimental and theoretical study of Xe storage in crustal and upper mantle minerals". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS095.
Texto completoStorage of Xe in silicate minerals has been proposed to explain the ‘Missing Xenon’ issue, i.e. the low Xe abundance in the Earth’s and Mars’ atmospheres compared to other noble gases and chondrites. However, data about Xe incorporation in minerals remain scarce due to high Xe volatility preventing studies at ambient conditions. Xe incorporation in silicates has been proposed based on experimental evidences at high pressures (P) and temperatures (T). In this PhD thesis we bring new constraints on Xe incorporation in major Earth minerals of the continental crust (quartz and feldspar) and upper mantle (olivine). Xe-bearing samples have been synthesized, characterized ex situ and investigated in situ at high P-T conditions. Theoretical calculations have been performed to propose Xe incorporation sites able to reproduce experimental observations. In olivine and quartz, a Xe for Si substitution is likely, with the formation of at least partially covalent Xe-O bonds of 1.98-2.09 Å. Up to 0.4 at% Xe could be stored in olivine at depth, and in quartz a phase transition toward a new (Xe,Si)O2 phase is evidenced at high T. In presence of Fe and Xe, a phase separation is observed between a Fe-rich phase and a Fe-poor phase for feldspars and olivine, with Xe and Fe stabilizing each other. In presence of excess water, Xe is going into the fluid phase for olivine, while it is retained in a feldspathic melt. Eventually Kr and Xe reactivity in feldspathic glass and melt is evidenced with the observation of Kr oxidation and Kr-O short bonds (2.49 ± 0.1 Å). These constraints on Xe incorporation in silicate melts and minerals at depths could be crucial in the ‘Missing Xenon’ issue
Silva, Dailto 1960. "A mobilidade dos elementos traço e geração de fusão félsica na crosta durante o impacto de meteoritos : implicações para a evolução da crosta hadeana". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287218.
Texto completoTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: A pesquisa foi realizada na cratera de impacto de meteorito de Araguainha (Goiás / Mato Grosso, Brasil) e compreendeu três desenvolvimentos científicos principais. O primeiro engloba a petrografia e geoquímica de rochas graníticas parcialmente fundidas do núcleo da cratera de impacto. Foi possível separar, por petrografia e posicionamento geográfico, os litotipos do granito preservado (GP) dos litotipos de fusão (granito parcialmente fundido (GPF), veios de fusão (VF) e capa de fusão (CF)). Contudo, estes litotipos apresentam características geoquímicas muito semelhantes para elementos maiores, menores, traços e terras raras. O diagrama que se mostrou o melhor discriminante entre os litotipos de fusão e os granitos preservados foi o Th/U x TiO2, que indica enriquecimento relativo na razão Th/U nos granitos. O granito preservado é também rico em quartzo e apresenta empobrecimento em elementos como Ti, Zr, Ce, Y, Eu, Nb e elementos terras raras. Essas características permitem postular uma possível influência hidrotermal na geração dos litotipos de fusão. O segundo desenvolvimento aborda a mobilidade dos elementos traço e geração de fusões félsicas na crosta terrestre durante o impacto de meteoritos e implicações para a evolução da crosta Hadeana. Nesse caso, o processo de acresção crustal por impacto pode ser um mecanismo complementar, capaz de explicar uma importante modificação da crosta terrestre Hadeana ocorrida entre 3.9-4.5 Ga. O terceiro desenvolvimento trata dos efeitos do impacto na indução de fusão incongruente da crosta da Terra, tendo como base a fusão da biotita. O estudo mostrou que a biotita pré-impacto é distinta daquela pós-impacto, com texturas, estrutura e quimismo contrastantes. Demonstrou-se que até 9% do granito de Araguainha é produto de cristalização a partir da quebra da biotita. A biotita funde incongruentemente durante o processo de impacto, produzindo uma fusão aluminosa, que preenche bolsões e rede de fraturas nas rochas. Impactos do tamanho de Araguainha ou maiores são capazes de gerar volumes substanciais de fundidos aluminosos na crosta
Abstract: The focus of this PhD thesis is on granitic targets impacted by meteorites and felsic melting generation in the crust during impacts. Key features of the Araguainha impact crater (Goiás / Mato Grosso, Brazil) were employed as a control. Field, petrographic and analytical data collected in the study area were grouped into three, central scientific developments. The first comprises the petrography and geochemistry of partially melted granitic rocks observed in the core of the Araguainha crater. The work shows that it is possible to separate, by petrography and geographical positioning, preserved granite rocks from melt rock types, such as the partially melted granite (GPF), the melted veins (VF), and the melted caps (CF). These rock types have very similar geochemical characteristics regarding major, minor, trace and rare earth elements. However, melt rock types are readily discriminated from preserved granites in Th/U x TiO2 scatergrams; granites show relative enrichment in the ratio Th/U. Another noteworthy feature is that the preserved granite rich in quartz is depleted in Ti, Zr, Ce, Y, I, Nb and REE, indicating a possible influence of hydrothermal systems in the formation of melt products. The second development provides clues on the mobility of trace elements and generation of felsic melts in the crust during the meteorite impact, and implications for the evolution of the Hadean crust. It is argued that process of crustal accretion by impacts may have been one of the mechanisms that can explain important modification of the Earth's crust during the Hadean (3.9-4.5 Ga). The third development deals with the effects of shock-induced incongruent melting within Earth's crust, using the case of biotite melting. It was demonstrated that pre-impact and pos-impact biotites found in Araguainha show distinct textures, structures and chemistry. Results show that up to 9% of Araguainha granite is a product of magma crystallization from breakdown of biotite. The biotite melts incongruently during the impact process, producing an aluminous fusion, which fulfills pockets and fracture networks of the rocks. Impacts of the size of Araguainha or larger seem to be capable of generating substantial amounts of aluminous melt in the crust
Doutorado
Geologia e Recursos Naturais
Doutor em Ciências
Guignard, Jérémy. "Caractérisation texturale des assemblages métal-silicate lors de la différenciation des planétésimaux : étude de météorites et approche expérimentale". Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1551/.
Texto completoMeteorites are samples of small parent bodies accreted in the first five million years of the solar system. The diversity of meteorites can be related to different thermal evolutions of their parent bodies, from thermal metamorphism to complete mantle/core differentiation. This thesis focuses on the silicate-metal relative mobility during heating, in particular for solid systems which approach or exceed the onset of silicate melting. Two approaches are considered. Firstly, the textural evolutions in natural meteorites have been quantified. Secondly, laboratory experiments have been performed in order to identify and understand the processes which govern these textural changes. A textural study of metal and sulphide grains in H-chondrites shows that as metamorphism grade increases, phases separate, change in shape and grow. This evolution occurs progressively, making it possible to define textural criteria that vary continuously across petrographic boundaries. This evolution is consistent with independent geochemical data and thermal model. We propose a new scale of metamorphism allowing the subdivision of types 4 to 6. Grain growth experiments have been performed in synthetic analogues of meteorites: the system forsterite+nickel±melt silicate (Fo:Ni±M). The synthesis of starting materials required special care. A new sintering technique, seldom used in geosciences, has been developed: Spark Plasma Sintering. Experimental results show that mechanisms of grain growth of Fo and Ni are largely dependent of proportion and composition of each phase. Finally, results are in good agreement with natural observations and can be used to precise thermal history of planetesimals
Deus, Angélica Cristina Fernandes 1983. "Avaliação de eficiência relativa para a reatividade em silicatos /". Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86388.
Texto completoBanca: Francisco Maximino Fernandes
Banca: Renato de Melo Prado
Resumo: A eficiência dos corretivos de acidez do solo, e, sua qualidade depende da taxa de reatividade (RE), e do poder de neutralização (PN), sendo esta eficiência indicada pelo poder relativo de neutralização total (PRNT). Para os silicatos existem poucos estudos que estabeleça taxas de reatividade para suas frações granulométricas e, portanto, utilizam-se as mesmas taxas de reatividade do calcário. Foram desenvolvidos três experimentos no período de julho/2008 a outubro/2009 em casa de vegetação na Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas/UNESP - Botucatu-SP, com o objetivo de comparar valores de reatividade das frações granulométricas para materiais silicatados em três solos de diferentes classes texturais cultivados com plantas de alfafa. Utilizou-se seis materiais corretivos: escória, silicato de cálcio, silicato de cálcio e magnésio, wollastonita, calcário dolomítico e calcário calcítico os quais no experimento 1 e 2 foram separados em quatro frações granulométricas, peneiras: nº 10 (Ø = 2 mm), nº 20 (Ø = 0,84 mm), nº 50 (Ø = 0,30 mm) e fundo (Ø<0,30 mm), exceto a wollastonita que possui apenas a granulometria < 0,30 mm. Os tratamentos foram aplicados em três solos: Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, Nitossolo Vermelho eutrófico e Neossolo Quartzarênico. No 1° experimento aplicou-se quatro doses (1, 2, 4 e 8 t ha-1) afim de obter a curva de neutralização dos solos, para determinar a dose a ser aplicada de cada fração granulométrica para atingir o pH 5,5. O 2° experimento constou da aplicação das doses ecomendadas no primeiro experimento e com o valor de pH obtido aos 90 dias de incubação calculou-se a eficiência relativa de reatividade para cada fração granulométrica, tomando-se como referência o pH obtido com a aplicação do calcário dolomítico na peneira... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract : The efficiency and quality of materials for soil acidity correction are based on the reactivity rate (RR) and neutralization power (NP), and it is indicated by the effective calcium carbonate (ECC). Considering that there are few studies establishing reactivity rates of silicate particle-size fractions, lime values are used as reference. Three experiments were carried in the period July/2008 to October/2009 out in greenhouse in College of Agricultural Sciences, UNESP, Botucatu - SP, aiming to compare reactivity rates of silicate particle-size fractions in three soils with distinct textures cultivated with alfalfa plants. Slag, calcium silicate, calcium+magnesium silicate, wollastonite, dolomitic and calcitic lime were the materials evaluated. The first and second experiments consisted of four particlesize fractions obtained from each material, separated by the sieves no. 10 (Ø = 2 mm), no. 20 (Ø = 0.84 mm), no. 50 (Ø = 0.30 mm) and bottom (Ø < 0.30 mm), except that the wollastonite has the particle-size fraction < 0,30 mm. Treatments were applied in three soils: Oxisol, Hapludox and Quartzipsamment. In the first study, four doses were applied (1, 2, 4 and 8 t ha- 1) to obtain soil neutralization curve and thus determine which one was to be applied for each particle-size fraction to reach pH 5.5. The second study consisted of the application of the recommended doses from the first experiment. Then, with the pH values obtained 90 days after incubation, the relative efficiency of reactivity was calculated for each particle-size fraction based on the pH of dolomitic lime from the last sieve. Afterwards, RR and ECC were calculated. In the third study, the doses to increase soil base saturation up to 80% were calculated based on both the PRNT reported in the laboratory and in the experiment. Treatments were incubated... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Ramos, Francisca Solânea de Oliveira 1985. "Estruturas 3D a partir de estruturas 2D : transformações hidrotérmica e topotática". [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250404.
Texto completoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Química
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Resumo: A aplicação dos silicatos lamelares como catalisadores apresenta como limitações as baixas área superficial e acidez, porém, esses sólidos têm como principais propriedades a reatividade dos grupos Si-OH e Si-ONa da superfície de suas lamelas e sua capacidade de troca iônica. Em função disso, esses sólidos podem sofrer uma variedade de modificações em sua superfície e em seu espaço lamelar e até passar de uma estrutura 2D para uma estrutura 3D. As lamelas do silicato lamelar Na-RUB-18, além de serem recobertas por Si-OH e Si-O, são constituídas de cavidades de quatro anéis de cinco membros [5], presentes tanto no RUB-24 quanto na MOR, assim como em outros zeólitos, indicando que tal lamelar seja potencial precursor de estruturas zeolíticas. Por tais motivos, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar e descrever como o Na-RUB-18 se transforma nas estruturas zeolíticas MOR e RUB-24, por processos hidrotérmico e topotático, respectivamente, e como essas estruturas 2D e 3D se relacionam. A gradual aproximação das lamelas do Na-RUB-18 e conseqüente condensação dos grupos Si-OH, ou seja, unidades Q ([O4Si]3Si-OH), ocasiona a formação de ligações Si-O-Si, unidades Q ([O4Si]4-Si), gerando a estrutura 3D. No caso do zeólito MOR, esse processo é induzido pela adição de uma fonte de alumínio, Al[OCH(CH3)2]3 ou Na2Al2O4. O presente trabalho também investiga a etapa de aproximação das lamelas do Na-RUB-18, ocasionando na sua condensação em RUB-24. A condensação das lamelas do precursor lamelar no RUB-24 via processo topotático é conduzida por um agente direcionador de estrutura, o íon trietilenotetramônio, comprovando que tal processo, como a transformação hidrotérmica, não acontece aleatoriamente
Abstract: The application of the layered silicates in heterogeneous catalysis has limitations such as low surface area and acidity. However, these solids also have ion exchange capacity and their surfaces can be covalently modified with silylation reagents. As a result, they can undergo a variety of surface changes yielding modifications in interlayer space and in the structure lamellar that may even cause collapse of a 2D structure to a 3D. The framework of layered silicate Na-RUB-18 is composed of four five-membered rings, [5] and its surface made of Si-OH and Si-ONa. The [5] cage is a building unit also found in zeolitic structures, as RUB-24 and MOR, indicating that the structure of Na-RUB-18 contains important elements of microporous materials structures and should be regarded as a potential precursor structure to the three-dimensional four-connected microporous framework silicates. This work aimed of studying and describing the transformations of the Na-RUB-18 into MOR and RUB-24 by hydrothermal and topotactic process, respectively. The gradual reduction of interlayer distance of the Na-RUB-18 led to the condensation of the Si-OH groups, Q units ([O4Si]3Si-OH), forming Si-O-Si bonds, Q units ([O4Si]4-Si), i.e., a 3D structure. In the preparation of MOR zeolite by hydrothermal transformation, the process is conducted through addition of a aluminum source, Al[OCH(CH3)2]3 or Na2Al2O4. This work also investigated the formation of RUB-24 through Na-RUB-18 collapsing. The topotactic reaction between Si-OH groups of the lamellar precursor was conducted by a structure-directing agent, triethylenetetrammonium ion, proving that this process, as the hydrothermal transformation, does not occur randomly
Mestrado
Quimica Inorganica
Mestra em Química
Santos, Felipe Antunes. "Vitrocerâmica à base de silicato de lítio para uso como material dentário utilizando casca de arroz como fonte alternativa de silica". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97133/tde-08102013-084019/.
Texto completoThis work suggests the replacement of commercial silica by silica obtained from rice husk as alternative source for obtaining lithium disilicate material that can be used in dental application. The lithium disilicate as dental material is a glass-ceramic that has good mechanical properties and chemical stability. For these developments the materials have been obtained using stoichiometry of 33.33%mol. Li2O and 66.67%mol. SiO2, without complementary oxide addition or with, seeking better fracture toughness comportment, to both sources of silica, commercial and from rice husk. As initial characterization X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed for the mixtures of materials before and after the fusion to obtain the glasses. For materials without oxide addition, the two materials developed were characterized for their devitrification, in other words, the transition from glass to glass-ceramic was observed by differential thermal analysis (DTA), using different heating rates and granulometries. Peak crystallization temperatures (Tp), to both silica sources, heat rate 10°C/min and 1mm of granulometry, was in average values of 640°C. The DTA was used to verify the devitrification in material with oxide addition too. In addition, to observe the possible formation of intermediate phases on stoichiometric system of lithium disilicate, were also carried out high temperature X-ray diffractomery (HTXRD). To view the microstructural changes occurring in the system, according to the variation of heat treatments temperatures (HT), silica source and oxides influence, characterizations were performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cytotoxic behavior of the materials in cell colonies was observed by the cytotoxicity test. Mechanical properties, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness, were determined by calculus, using Vickers test data. Values of approximately 1.75 MPam½ were obtained for both silica sources with oxide addition to 660°C (HT). Results obtained show great potential in the replacement of commercial silica by rice husk silica.
Carrera, Betzabel Noemi Silva. "Estudo de propriedades de termoluminescência e ressonância paramagnética eletrônica de lapis lazuli". Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-24062015-163152/.
Texto completoLapis Lazuli is a natural silicate mineral investigated in the present work. It is a complex solid solution of four other silicate minerals, sodalite, Nosean, Hanyne and Lazurite. This compositon of solid solution does not allow the estimate of the percentage of each mineral component from the result of X ray fluorescence analysis, which has revealed as main oxide components of lapis lazuli as (in mol % ) SiO_2 (33,2), CaO (16,3), MgO (12,1) and Al_2 O_3 (10,1) and in smaller concentrations Na_2 O (6,10), SiO_3 (5,90), Fe_2 O_3 (2,05), K_2 O (1,90) plus others in even smaller concentration. For the characterization of the lapis lazuli sample, we used thermoluminescence (TL), electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and reflectance spectroscopy techniques. In TL, of course, glow curves of natural or irradiated or annealed samples have been used.\\\\ A typical glow curve presented peaks at 296.5°C and at 372°C, but irradiated sample has shown peaks at 140°C, 250°C and 350°C. Later it was shown that 140 °C peak is actually a superposition of 116°C and 160°C peaks. The second peak is the prominent one and its height grows linearly with the dose up to about 7000 to 8000 Gy. Lapis lazuli presents an anomalous fading. The first peak decays from 3400 (a.u.) to 1700 (a.u.) in 45 hours, the second peak decays from 8500 (a.u.) to 3000 (a.u.) in the same 45 hours. For the evalution of parameters E and s, peak shape method and Tm-Tstop methods have been used. The third method based on various heating rates for TL reading, with the direct use of method yielded unrealistic E and s values. We did not find explanation why, but doing the deconvolution of glow curves for each heating rate we found more realistic results. The deconvolution has shown four peaks at 110°C, 146°C, 191°C ands 245°C with E-values, respectively equal to 1.229eV, 1,23eV, 1.24eV and 1,25 eV. The EPR spectrum of natural sample consisted of six signals of Mn^(2+) and strong Fe^(3+) signal at g=2,0. The irradiation of the order of tens of kGy produced a signal around g=2,003 due to radiation induced F-center. The reflectance spectrum shows a dip around 600- 800nm which corresponds to an absorption band of the same wavelength and is responsible for blue colour.
Peyne, Julie. "Etude de l'amélioration et de la revalorisation des matières premières argileuses utilisées dans les briques en terre cuite : de l'amélioration du procédé à la revalorisation des déchets". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0070.
Texto completoThis study is based on the investigation of the brick clay quality and on their valorization in a geopolymer binder. First, numerous clay samples were analyzed by physical, chemical, structural and thermal characterizations, which led to abacus plots, allowing to distinguish an efficient or a non-suitable clay for the bricks production. Simultaneously, the iron interaction with the clay minerals was established. An experimental protocol was determined for the company to determine the clay quality for a brick production. Then, a feasibility study of the valorization of these clay minerals in a geopolymer binder was conducted. The FTIR study highlighted a polycondensation reaction and a reaction with the calcium, which was more or less important according to the alkali cation type of the silicate solution. An alternative to the lightweight expanded clay aggregates was evidenced, with the revalorization of brick clay materials in a lightweight geopolymer product
Bonfils, Benjamin. "Mécanismes et verrous de la carbonatation minérale du CO2 en voie aqueuse". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7920/1/bonfils_partie_1_sur_2.pdf.
Texto completoAupoil, Julien. "Etude des mécanismes de dissolution/polycondensation lors de la géopolymérisation : réactivité du métakaolin et influence de la solution d'activation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLET014.
Texto completoGeopolymers are alternative aluminosilicates binders prepared from metakaolin and alkaline silicate solutions. However, the origin of their setting through a massive polycondensation of aluminosilicates remains unclear. The influence of hydroxide ions and of the stoichiometry Si-Al-alkali in solution has to be clarified. But these species are also implicated in the dissolution of metakaolin. First, interactions between hydroxides and silicates in the activating solution were expressed by means of the Hammett function H- to quantify free hydroxides, and of the buffering capacity β to quantify hydroxide bonded to silicates. Then the dissolution was dissociated from the polycondensation by progressively diluting the metakaolin mixed with the solution. The dissolution was then monitored by microcalorimetry and static 27Al NMR. As a complement, the geopolymerization was described as occurring in several steps using rheometry, conductimetry, SAXS and QENS. Third, a microcalorimetry-NMR correlation exhibited that the dissolution pathway remained unchanged whatever the initial silicate and sodium concentrations and the nature of the alkali used, thus whatever the initial H- and β. On the contrary, the higher those parameters, the higher the dissolution rate. The rheological setting time of geopolymers is also directly dependent on the dissolution rate. The suggested mechanisms involves that the initially bonded hydroxides in the activating solution, expressed by β, are progressively released in solution according to a dissolution-condensation loop process
Scannell, Garth. "Understanding the structure and deformation of titanium-containing silicate glasses from their elastic responses to external stimuli". Thesis, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10158591.
Texto completoThe responses of structure and properties to composition and temperature have been investigated for glasses in TiO2-SiO2 and Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 systems. Additionally, the response of Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses to plastic deformation has been studied. (x)TiO2-(1-x)SiO2 glasses were prepared through the sol-gel process with compositions 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 mol% and compared to commercial glasses prepared through flame hydrolysis deposition with x = 0, 5.4, and 8.3 mol%. (x) Na2O - (y) TiO 2 - (1-x-y) SiO2 glasses were prepared with x = 10, 15, 20, and 25 mol% and y = 4, 7, and 10 mol% through a melt-quench process. Density and index of refraction of glasses was measured through the Archimedes's method and using a prism coupler, respectively. The glass transition temperature of Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses was measured through differential thermal analysis.
The structure and elastic moduli have been studied through Raman spectroscopy and Brillouin light scattering, respectively, at room temperature and in-situ up to 1200 °C for TiO2-SiO2 glasses and up to 800 °C for Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses. Young's modulus was observed to decrease from 72 GPa to 66 GPa with the addition of 8.3 mol% TiO2 in TiO2-SiO2 glasses and to increase from 65 GPa to 73 GPa with the addition of 10 mol% TiO2 in 10 Na2O - (0-10) TiO2-SiO2 glasses. The addition of TiO2 was observed to shift the 460, 490, and 600 cm-1 Raman peaks to lower frequencies in TiO2-SiO2 glasses, suggesting a more open and flexible network, and the 720, 800, and 840 cm -1 Raman peaks to higher frequencies in Na2O-TiO2 -SiO2 glasses, suggesting a lower free volume and stiffer network. The addition of TiO2 has little effect on the temperature response of the elastic moduli in either system, but decreases the thermal expansion and increases the frequency shifts in the 950 and 1100 cm -1 Raman peaks in the TiO2-SiO2 system while the thermal expansion increases with initial additions of TiO2 and then remains constant in the Na2O-TiO2-SiO 2 system.
Changes in structure and property with composition have been discussed, and structural models were proposed. The reduction of thermal expansion and elastic moduli in TiO2-SiO2 glasses occurs through the promotion of cooperative, inter-tetrahedral rotations facilitated by the longer and weaker Ti-O bonds. The increase in elastic moduli in the Na2O-TiO 2-SiO2 glasses occurs through the formation of small clusters with local, relatively high Ti and Na concentrations, promoted by Ti adopting a five-fold coordination in a square-pyramidal geometry. These clusters work to shield the silica network from non-bridging oxygens from the presence of Na while simultaneously increasing the volume bond density of the glass.
For Na2O-TiO2-SiO2 glasses, the response to mechanical damage and plastic deformation has been examined through Vickers indentation experiments at loads from 10 mN to 49 N. Fracture toughness was measured through the single-edge precracked beam method. The permanent deformation volumes around Vickers indents were investigated through atomic force microscopy. Critical loads for crack initiation and cracking patterns were systematically investigated and correlated with the elastic properties of glass. Vickers indents were observed to change from a mixture of radial/median and cone cracks to radial/median and lateral cracks as Poisson's ratio increases. As Poisson's ratio increases hardness decreases from 5.5 GPa to 4.5 GPa, the average radial/median crack length roughly doubles, and fracture toughness remains constant. A minimum in the critical crack initiation load was observed at ν = 0.21–0.22. The volume of glass deformed through shear flow during indentation increases gradually with increasing Poisson's ratio, becomes larger than the densified volume at ν = 0.237. The densified volume increases between ν = 0.18 and ν = 0.21 and decreases rapidly from 16.5 µm3 to 8.7 µm3 at ν = 0.235–0.237. A correlation between the minimum in crack initiation load and the change in deformation mechanisms over the same Poisson’s ratio range was observed.
Riquieri, Hilton. "Impacto do processo de cristalização na microestrutura e na resistência à flexão de cerâmicas de silicato de lítio reforçadas por zircônia". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152526.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia quanto a sua microestrutura e as mesmas propriedades mecânicas em diferentes fases de cristalização. Cento e vinte amostras de discos de silicato de lítio reforçado por zircônia foram usinados de acordo com as normas ISO 6872 (12x1,2mm) para o ensaio de flexão biaxial. Foram separados em 4 grupos de acordo com a fase de cristalização. Grupo I: 30 amostras de Celtra pré cristalizado (CNC); Grupo II: 30 amostras de Celtra cristalizado (CC); Grupo III: 30 amostras de Suprinity Não Cristalizado (SNC) e Grupo IV: 30 amostras de Suprinity Cristalizado (SC). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao ensaio mecânico de flexão biaxial e em seguida realizadas análises qualitativas e quantitativas. Por meio microscopia eletrônica de varredura, microscopia eletrônica com emissão de campo MEV-FEG, EDS e difração de raios X (n=4), foi realizada a caracterização completa dos materiais e análise morfológica da microestrutura para todos os grupos. Para as análises estatísticas foram utilizados o módulo Weibull (m) e resistência característica (σ0).
The objective of this work was to evaluate the lithium silicate reinforced by zirconia as to its microstructure and the same mechanical properties in different phases of crystallization. One hundred and twenty samples of zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate discs were machined according to ISO 6872 (12x1,2mm) standards for the biaxial flexural test. They were separated into 4 groups according to the crystallization step. Group I: 30 samples of Pre-Crystallized Celtra (CPC); Group II: 30 samples of Crystallized Celtra (CC); Group III: 30 samples of Uncrystallized Suprinity (SNC) and Group IV: 30 samples of Crystallized Suprinity (SC). The specimens were submitted to the mechanical biaxial flexion test and qualitative and quantitative analyzes were performed. Scanning Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy with Field emission SEM-FEG, EDS and X-ray diffraction (n = 4) were carried out to characterize the materials and morphological analysis of the microstructure for all groups. The Weibull (m) and characteristic resistance (σ0) were used for the statistical analysis.
Filho, Luiz Tomaz. "Estudo de propriedades de luminescência, de ressonância paramagnética eletrônica e de centros de cor da pumpelita e de sua correlação com defeitos pontuais". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-29062010-093911/.
Texto completoNatural mineral of pumpellyite, one of the members of epidote group has been investigated. With chemical formula (Ca8Al8(Mg,Fe,Mn,Al)[(SiO4)4/(Si2O7)4/(OH)8(H2O, OH)4]), the sample here studied was collected from Brejui Mine, Currais Novos County, state of Rio Grande do Norte. The work was aimed to investigate its thermoluminescence (TL), color centers and electron paramagnetic properties. Annealing at high temperatures, heavy irradiation and UV irradiation techniques have been used. The physical properties of interest are due to the elements composing crystal structure such as Si, Al, Mg, Fe and Mn, however among about twenty elements that can be considered impurities; only Na, K and Cr participate. The TL glow curve obtained from 600 °C for one hour pre-annealed and then - irradiated sample has shown 90, 145, 220, 275 and 390 °C peaks. A heating rate of 4 °C has been used for TL read out. The lowest 90 °C peak is very unstable, however, it is by far the most sensitive one to the irradiation; at 50 Gy -dose its peak height is almost 100 times larger. Among others, the 315 °C peak grows faster. Heat treatments before irradiation increase the sensitivity of TL peaks slowly from 500 to 800 °C, but such increase becomes very large above 800 °C. For example the 390 °C peak sensitivity increases by a factor 100 on going from 500 C to 900 °C annealing. The spectral analysis of the emitted TL light has shown that there are 470, 575 and 600 nm bands indicating that there are at least three recombination centers. The 575 nm is by far the dominating one. The UV light bleaching has shown that all the TL peaks decay fast up to 10 minutes exposure and a residual TL is left after long time exposure. The optical absorption spectrum is characterized by four absorption bands in the visible region, one strong and broad band around 1060 nm and several in near IR region. The 1060 nm band is due to Fe2+ which around 850 900 °C annealing decreases indicating that Fe2+ liberates electrons leaving Fe3+. The EPR spectrum is dominated by Fe3+ spin spin interaction. Mn2+ six hyperfine lines superpose Fe line around g = 2,0. Under 850 900 °C heating, that broad Fe3+ lines becomes stronger and broader due to Fe2+ changing to Fe3+. The EPR intensity of 800 °C annealed sample and then irradiated to 1 kGy - dose increases with microwave power, but start saturation around 30 to 40 mW power.
Soares, Jones Leite. "Ortossilicatos: uma nova proposta para a cinética de formação de Sr2SiO4 em estado sólido de uma comparação de rotas de síntese de Zn2SiO4 dopado com Mn2+". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46136/tde-11042017-073008/.
Texto completoThe present thesis aims develop a new kinetic model of solid state reactions from the formation of strontium silicate, Sr2SiO4, and the photoluminescent study of Mn2+ doped zinc orthosilicate, Zn2SiO4. Synthesis of Sr2SiO4 was conducted from the solid state reactions between SrCO3 and three silicas with different average particle sizes given in millimeters: 0.035-0.070 mm; 0.05-0.200 mm and 0.063-0.200 mm. The results obtained by x-ray diffraction indicate that the reaction between SrCO3 and silica 0.05-0.200 mm is the formation of the orthorhombic phase of Sr2SiO4, whereas the reaction between SrCO3 and the other silicas indicates the formation of the monoclinic phase of the same silicate. In this study a new kinetic proposal of solid state reactions was developed from the quantitative progression of reactions. The quantitative progress of the reactions was determined from the loss of mass that is due to the production of CO2 in the reaction. The kinetic constant of reactions was defined from the ratio of the number of silicate particles formed to the total particle number of the reaction mixture. The relationship between the kinetic constants and the respective synthesis temperatures does follow the linear pattern of Arrhenius. In the second part, the synthesis of Zn2SiO4 doped with Mn2+ is reported by two methods: the solid state reaction method and the precipitation method, with and without a hydrothermal treatment step before calcination, with the objective of characterizing and to study the photoluminescent properties as a function of the synthesis method. Studies by x-ray diffraction indicate that doping at high concentrations causes structural modification. Infrared spectroscopy indicates changes in the vibrational modes of the bonds as a function of doping. It has been observed that the percentage doping after the syntheses are different from the initial percentage doping and the reasons are discussed. The results of photoluminescent spectroscopy indicate that the degree of covalence of the bonds between Mn2+ and the silicate matrix is higher in the case of the calcined precipitate and even higher in the case of the precipitate submitted to hydrothermal treatment before calcination in relation to the silicates obtained by solid state reactions. It was also observed that the decrease in the emission intensity is associated to the increase in the degree of covalence of the bonds between the Mn2+ ion and the matrix.
Vila, Gustavo Barretto. "Caracterização de silicatos e carbonatos de cálcio aplicados à dosimetria de doses altas". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-29042013-090305/.
Texto completoThe predominant isomorphous form in the biominerals studied in this work (oyster shell, coral, mother of pearl and shell) was aragonite. The appearence of the calcite phase occurred at 500°C at a heating rate of 10°C/s for all samples except for the coral sample, which was 400°C, independent of the heating rate. The most abundant element in the biominerals samples was Ca in the CaO form, and in the silicates (tremolite, diopside and rhodonite) Si in the SiO form. The most common trace element observed in the biominerals samples was Fe. The analyses of electron paramagnetic resonance showed lines of Mn2+ in the coral and mother-of-pearl samples before irradiation. In the case of the irradiated samples, the defects found were CO2-, CO33-, CO3- and SO2-, in the g range between 2.0010 and 2.0062. In the analyses by optical absorption of biominerals, transitions due to the presence of Mn in the samples were found. A thermoluminescent (TL) peak at approximately 140°C was found for the biominerals and at 180°C for silicates, which intensity depends directly on the dose. For samples exposed to different types of radiation, the TL peak occurred at lower temperatures. From the dose-response curves obtained for these materials, it was possible to determine a linear range for which their application in high dose dosimetry becomes possible. Taking into account the radiation type, among biominerals and silicates, the lowest detectable dose (40mGy) to gamma radiation was achieved for oyster shell samples using the measuring technique of optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). Using beta radiation, for diopside and tremolite samples the lowest detectable dose of 60mGy was obtained. For all samples, using the TL, OSL and thermally stimulated exoelectron emission (TSEE) techniques in alpha, beta and gamma radiation beans a good response reproducibility was obtained. Therefore, the samples characterized in this work are suitable to be used as high dose detectors/dosimeters.