Bibliografías temáticas / Shortage of fresh water

Literatura académica sobre el tema "Shortage of fresh water"

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Publicado: 26 de julio de 2024
Última modificación: 27 de julio de 2024

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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Shortage of fresh water"

1

Zhang, Fu Rong. "Prediction of China's Water Shortage in the Year of 2025". Applied Mechanics and Materials 409-410 (septiembre de 2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.83.

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In order to predict the demand of fresh water in China in the year of 2025, a mathematical model is proposed based on the summation of demand of water in ten major regions in China. The gray model is applied to predict the fresh water resource in the year of 2025 while neural network model is applied to predict the fresh water demand. The degree of water shortage is evaluated by the international water scarcity assessment criteria which are commonly used. The conclusion is that some provinces in China may be faced with big challenges for water shortage.
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Aliyev, RAE Z. H. "CHALLENGE OF WATER SHORTAGE IN THE WORLD AND AZERBAIJAN AND SCIENTIFIC PRACTICAL SOLUTION". JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN NATURAL SCIENCES 4, n.º 1 (19 de mayo de 2017): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jns.v3i4.6065.

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The rapid growth in world population and limitation of soil and water resources have caused major problem for human nutrition security in the world. only 3% of water resources are fresh water. Accoding to the FAO report, if in the any country Amount of fresh water is less than 1700m3 per capita, this country is faced to serous water shortage. At the present, in the 22 countries share of fresh water per capita is less than 100m3and in the 18 countries is more than 2000m3. Therefore, Azerbaijan is one of the countries which have faced serous water shortage.
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Brika, Bashir. "Water Resources and Desalination in Libya: A Review". Proceedings 2, n.º 11 (13 de agosto de 2018): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110586.

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Due to the shortage of clean and fresh water, especially in the coastal regions there is an urgent need to look for alternative water sources to meet people needs and compensate the reduction in groundwater. Desalination is one of such alternative water sources that can solve water shortage problem in Libya and other countries where face the same conditions. Desalination is the main technology that has been developed globally over the past three decades to meet the increasing demand for fresh and clean water. The objective of this paper is to highlight the conventional and non conventional water resources in Libya. In this context, our paper intends to present an overview on seawater desalination technology in Libya and why it should be accommodated as a strategic and ultimate solution for water shortage.
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Ahrestani, Zahra, Sadegh Sadeghzadeh y Hosein Banna Motejadded Emrooz. "An overview of atmospheric water harvesting methods, the inevitable path of the future in water supply". RSC Advances 13, n.º 15 (2023): 10273–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2ra07733g.

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Mendoza-Escamilla, Julio, Francisco Hernandez-Rangel, Pedro Cruz-Alcántar, María Saavedra-Leos, Josefa Morales-Morales, Rafael Figueroa-Diaz, César Valencia-Castillo y Francisco Martinez-Lopez. "A Feasibility Study on the Use of an Atmospheric Water Generator (AWG) for the Harvesting of Fresh Water in a Semi-Arid Region Affected by Mining Pollution". Applied Sciences 9, n.º 16 (9 de agosto de 2019): 3278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163278.

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Worldwide, the shortage of fresh water has increased exponentially due to population growth and contamination of available water, especially in water tables that provide water for general consumption. One of the main pollutants of water is arsenic (As), present in the environment and in most mining/metallurgical processes, which is a major health risk, especially as a carcinogen. In the region of Matehuala, San Luis Potosi (SLP), Mexico, a highly productive mining area, arsenic concentrations of 138.1 mg/kg have been found in soils—6.2 times higher than what is allowed in domestic soils, while in water it is reported up to 158 mg/L, exceeding permissible limits for human consumption. In addition to As pollution, the region suffers from water shortage both in the city and in rural communities. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new technologies to provide the population with fresh water. This paper presents a feasibility study on the use of an atmospheric water generator (AWG) to capture fresh water in the region of Matehuala, SLP. The region was found to have the necessary environmental conditions to use AWGs, with an annual average relative humidity (RH) of approximately 60%. Using a mathematical model of a dehumidifier, water harvesting can be evaluated under the region’s prevailing climatic conditions. The month with lowest harvest was found to be January, with 0.89 to 3.6 L/day, while the month with largest harvest was August at 3.9 to 18 L/day and water production costs of 0.0093 and $ 0.038 USD/L, respectively. The study concludes that the use of AWGs would help alleviate water shortages, thus benefiting marginalized people or communities, preserving ecosystems and the environment.
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6

Kumargaurao, D. Punase. "A review of reverse osmosis process for seawater desalination". i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology 18, n.º 1 (2022): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jfet.18.1.19024.

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The freshwater availability in many regions of the world has been a rising concern for the last few decades due to disturbing increase in population, urbanization, and industrial advancement. As water consumption is increasing year by year, the obvious solution to the freshwater shortage is to increase its supply. Desalination has been a prominent process to produce fresh water in numerous water-stressed regions to counteract the water shortage issues. Amongst the various desalination methods, the reverse osmosis method is used for generating fresh water from saline or brackish water by removing salts to make it suitable for human utilization, agriculture, and industrial purposes. In the present study, a systematic review of the seawater reverse osmosis process is presented to address the developments in the pretreatment, membrane, and post-treatment processes of reverse osmosis.
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Wang, Jun Tao y Qiang Kun Li. "Study of Water-Salt Production Function Based on Saline Water Irrigation". Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (mayo de 2012): 4350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.4350.

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Due to the shortage of fresh water in north-west China, the exploitations of saline water became very important for mitigating agricultural water shortage. Our study carried out plot experiments under different salinity water irrigation in the Shiyang River Basin, comprehensively considering the effect of water and salt factors on the growth of spring-corn, imported salinity stress factor and built water-salt production function basing on water production functions Blank model and Jensen model which were general used in the world. Through the Water-salt production function, calculating the salt sensitive index in different growth stage of spring-corn and the result shows that the salt sensitive degree sequence is seeding stage > jointing stage> tasseling-grouting stage> maturity stage.
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8

ElMekawy, Ahmed, Hanaa M. Hegab y Deepak Pant. "The near-future integration of microbial desalination cells with reverse osmosis technology". Energy Environ. Sci. 7, n.º 12 (2014): 3921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee02208d.

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The combined negative effect of both fresh water shortage and energy depletion has encouraged the research to move forward to explore effective solutions for water desalination with less energy consumption.
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9

Khudayev, Ismail Zhumakulovich. "Water saving in conditions of water scarcity: modern technologies". Social'naja politika i social'noe partnerstvo (Social Policy and Social Partnership), n.º 10 (11 de septiembre de 2021): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-01-2110-06.

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The problem of water saving for modern human civilization is becoming more and more important. In general, there is a tendency towards the dynamics of an increase in the shortage of fresh water in the world. At the same time, entire states have existed and developed in conditions of water shortage for many decades and even centuries. In this regard, water saving technologies, and renewal, development are becoming an increasingly urgent problem. In this regard, modern scientific and technological progress is becoming the most important factor in the development of water saving technologies. Scientific and technological progress also makes it possible to develop a water saving strategy. The article presents the results of studies devoted to water-saving irrigation technology on steep slopes and specifies the elements of irrigation technique for discrete irrigation in the south of Uzbekistan.
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10

Haddad, Marwan, Zakiyeh S. Namrotee y Munqez Shtaya. "Impacts of Wastewater Irrigation on Growth, Yield and Salts Uptake of Barley". Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering Technology 5, n.º 2 (19 de noviembre de 2017): 68–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12974/2311-8741.2017.05.02.5.

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Treated wastewater is promising water resource as alternative or supplementary source for fresh water to be used in agriculture specially for areas of water shortage and crops with good potential of tolerating saline water. In this study long-term irrigation with fresh and wastewater on growth and yield of seven non-local cultivars (S42IL107, BW284, BW281, G400, Scarlett, Bowman and BW290) of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) showed that (1) barley cultivars irrigated with both fresh and wastewater had in general the same growth vigor and growth nature, (2) The cultivars irrigated with wastewater gave nearly twice the yield of that irrigated with freshwater. BW290 cultivar showed the best and highest yield among the seven cultivars while S42IL107 had the weakest prostrate growth, (3) The use of wastewater in irrigation increased the nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) contents in soil profiles affecting its texture, (4) barley proved to be a salt-tolerant crop with considerable economic importance, Barley could tolerate saline water until (5µs) without any shortage in the yield of the crop, and (5) barley irrigated with both wastewater and freshwater needed nearly the same time to emergence, stem elongation, flowering and maturity and consequently, wastewater irrigation of barley is a promising water resource as alternatives for fresh water.
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Tesis sobre el tema "Shortage of fresh water"

1

Zhao, Yu. "Reverse osmosis desalination in a mini renewable energy power supply system". Thesis, Curtin University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2099.

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The design, construction and testing of a reverse-osmosis (PV-RO) desalination system for fresh water shortage area is presented. The system operates from salt water or brackish water and can be embedded in a renewable energy power supply system, since many fresh shortage areas are remote and isolated. Special attention is given to the energy efficiency of small-scale reverse osmosis desalination systems. Limitations of conventional control strategy using toggle control are presented. Based on this, an objective of creating a small-scale reverse osmosis desalination system was set out. Initially, the background information is presented. This includes the natural resources crisis and main desalination technologies and the viability of the integration with renewable energy source. A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system was assembled and set up at the Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia Supervisor Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system was built using a Human Machine Interface software and a programmable logic controller (PLC). Instrumentation that included signal conditioners was made in analysis of the system characteristics. Initial testing of the system was conducted after the system design and configuration was accomplished. Testing results were used as a guideline for the development of the whole system.Modelling and simulation of the system components in MATLABSimulink is presented, together with a discussion of the control systems modelling and design procedure, in which the aim was to improve the efficiency of the reverse osmosis system. Simulations show the designed reverse osmosis system with Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller has better performance than other controllers. This consequently leads to a lower overall cost of the water, as well as reducing full maintenance cost of the electric drives in the reverse osmosis unit. Additionally, the configuration of the remote control system through General Package Radio System (GPRS) network is depicted. After the PID control algorithm was programmed into the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), system experiments were carried out in short durations and long durations. System performance was monitored and experimental results prove that the new control strategy applied increase the water productivity and is able to improve the system efficiency up to 35%. Based on the data obtained from the simulations and experiments, Mundoo Island was chosen to be the location for a case study. The electric load profile of the island was derived from the Island Development Committee in Mundoo.A water demand profile was created and modelled in Matlab to be the input of the reverse osmosis system. The electric load of the reverse osmosis system was generated from Matlab simulation. This result was entered in Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) simulator. Having the designed RO unit as one of the electric loads, the entire remote area power supply (RAPS) system was tested in simulations which shows the energy cost is AUS$0.174 per kWh, lower than the Island Development Committee budget estimation of AUS$0.25 per kWh. The cost of the water treatment is very promising at AUS$0.77 per m3.
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2

Hafstad, Elin. "Naturliga vattenreservoarer i vattenbristområden i Stockholms skärgård : En studie på öarna Ornö, Svartsö och Vindö". Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298264.

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Vattenförsörjningsproblemen är stora i Stockholms läns kustområden. Enskilda brunnar försörjer invånarna med grundvatten, dock är förutsättningarna dåliga för större uttag. I takt med ett ökat permanentboende i den peri-urbana skärgården ökar även behovet av vatten, som är människans absolut viktigaste resurs. Ett ökat uttag hotar med högre risk för saltvatteninträngning och sinade brunnar. Vattenbrist lär kunna bli allt vanligare även i takt med klimatförändringarna. För att säkra en framtida hållbar utveckling för skärgården måste därför alternativa lösningar på vattenförsörjningsfrågan hittas.  Många av de större öarna i skärgården har naturliga vattenreservoarer också ovan mark i form av sötvattensjöar. Arbetets huvudsyfte har därför varit att undersöka möjligheten till att kunna nyttja dessa vattenlager som en del i öarnas vattenförsörjning. Fokus för arbetet har legat på att kartlägga vattenbehovet idag och i framtiden, vilka vattentillgångar som finns samt hur dessa kan användas och implementeras utifrån dagens vattenproduktion på tre valda öar, Ornö, Svartsö och Vindö.  Genom intervjuer och kontakter med öbor samt litteratur- och fältstudier har resultaten kunnat visa att vattenförsörjningen från sjöarna idag som mest endast ligger på cirka 10 procent av den totala förbrukningen. Vidare bedöms möjligheten vara god till att kunna utöka användningen av sjöar på öarna i vattenförsörjningssyfte. Särskilt gäller detta oligotrofa sjöar i närheten av bebyggelse. Samtidigt kan det finnas många olika intressen för en sjö i skärgården och vattenförsörjningen är en stor kostnadsfråga. Upprättande av gemensamma, kombinerade vattenlösningar anses vara gynnsamt, med ett renat sjövatten sommartid som kan avlasta grundvattenreservoarerna.
The water supply problems are large in Stockholm County's coastal areas. Individual wells supply the inhabitants with groundwater, however, the conditions are poor for larger outlets. In step with an increase in permanent housing in the peri-urban archipelago, the need for water, which is man's most important resource, is also increasing. An increased outlet threatens with a higher risk of saltwater penetration and drained wells. Water shortage is likely to become more common even in step with climate change. In order to secure a future sustainable development for the archipelago, alternative solutions to the water supply issue must therefore be found.  Many of the larger islands in the archipelago also have natural water reservoirs above ground in the form of freshwater lakes. The main purpose of this study has therefore been to investigate the possibility of being able to use these water reservoirs as part of the islands' water supply. The focus of the study has been on mapping the water demand today and in the future, what water resources are available and how these can be used and implemented based on current water production on three selected islands, Ornö, Svartsö and Vindö.  Through interviews and contacts with islanders as well as literature and field studies, the results have been able to show that the water supply from the lakes today constitutes at most only about 10 percent of the total consumption. Furthermore, the opportunity to be able to increase the use of lakes on the islands for water supply purposes is considered to be good. This mainly applies to oligotrophic lakes in the vicinity of built-up areas. However, there can be many different interests for a lake in the archipelago and the water supply is a major cost issue. Establishment of joint, combined water solutions is considered beneficial, with purified water from lakes in the summertime that can relieve the groundwater reservoirs.
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Zhao, Yu. "Reverse osmosis desalination in a mini renewable energy power supply system". Curtin University of Technology, Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2006. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18552.

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The design, construction and testing of a reverse-osmosis (PV-RO) desalination system for fresh water shortage area is presented. The system operates from salt water or brackish water and can be embedded in a renewable energy power supply system, since many fresh shortage areas are remote and isolated. Special attention is given to the energy efficiency of small-scale reverse osmosis desalination systems. Limitations of conventional control strategy using toggle control are presented. Based on this, an objective of creating a small-scale reverse osmosis desalination system was set out. Initially, the background information is presented. This includes the natural resources crisis and main desalination technologies and the viability of the integration with renewable energy source. A reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system was assembled and set up at the Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Western Australia Supervisor Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) system was built using a Human Machine Interface software and a programmable logic controller (PLC). Instrumentation that included signal conditioners was made in analysis of the system characteristics. Initial testing of the system was conducted after the system design and configuration was accomplished. Testing results were used as a guideline for the development of the whole system.
Modelling and simulation of the system components in MATLABSimulink is presented, together with a discussion of the control systems modelling and design procedure, in which the aim was to improve the efficiency of the reverse osmosis system. Simulations show the designed reverse osmosis system with Proportional Integral and Derivative (PID) controller has better performance than other controllers. This consequently leads to a lower overall cost of the water, as well as reducing full maintenance cost of the electric drives in the reverse osmosis unit. Additionally, the configuration of the remote control system through General Package Radio System (GPRS) network is depicted. After the PID control algorithm was programmed into the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), system experiments were carried out in short durations and long durations. System performance was monitored and experimental results prove that the new control strategy applied increase the water productivity and is able to improve the system efficiency up to 35%. Based on the data obtained from the simulations and experiments, Mundoo Island was chosen to be the location for a case study. The electric load profile of the island was derived from the Island Development Committee in Mundoo.
A water demand profile was created and modelled in Matlab to be the input of the reverse osmosis system. The electric load of the reverse osmosis system was generated from Matlab simulation. This result was entered in Hybrid Optimisation Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) simulator. Having the designed RO unit as one of the electric loads, the entire remote area power supply (RAPS) system was tested in simulations which shows the energy cost is AUS$0.174 per kWh, lower than the Island Development Committee budget estimation of AUS$0.25 per kWh. The cost of the water treatment is very promising at AUS$0.77 per m3.
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4

Wallenburg, Mary K. "The nursing shortage: a fresh perspective". [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2008. http://165.236.235.140/lib/MWallenburg2008.pdf.

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Saleh, Mohamed Al-Azhari M. "Modelling irrigation water management under water shortage and salinity conditions". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11348.

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The usefulness of mathematical models in identifying efficient management strategies under uncertain conditions is, however limited by the theories used in models as well as by the availability and quality of field data that can be used in the calibration and validation of these models. Many models have been developed and used to simulate water and solute flux in the crop rootzone. This thesis describes the development and application of two different models, the WAVE and UNSATCHEM models to simulate water and solute transport in the vadose zone and their effect on crop transpiration and yield. The WAVE model was modified to include the effect of salinity on crop transpiration, and used to simulate soil water balances, to investigate long-term salinity build-up in the root zone, and in conjunction with a crop yield response model to assess their effect on crop yield. The practicality of the modelling approach in the establishment of optimal irrigation and drainage practices is considered through application to the Makhtaaral region of South Kazakhstan. The impact of several irrigation and drainage scenarios was evaluated.  Optimal irrigation and drainage strategies for sustainable crop production have been derived. The application of the UNSATCHEM model as a multi-species model to the Makhtaaral region is also demonstrated for the evaluation of the current irrigation and drainage practices. For the problem considered in this study, the WAVE model along with the crop yield response model can be used as a tool for assessing the impact of different irrigation and drainage scenarios on crop yield. The results demonstrate that the modelling approach is robust and applicable under arid and semi-arid conditions and to a wide range of water shortage and salinity.
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6

Alsaeedi, Abdullah Hassan. "Utilizing ground water contributions to resolve irrigation water shortage in Al-Hassa". Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262511.

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Maher, Duarte. "IoT for fresh water quality monitoring". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235179.

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Water is one of the most important resources in the world. It has direct impact on the daily life ofmankind and sustainable development of society. Water quality affects biological life and has to obeystrict regulations. Traditional water quality assurance methods, used today, involve manual samplingfollowed by laboratory analysis. This process is expensive due to high labour costs for sampling andlaboratory work. Moreover, it lacks real time analysis which is essential to minimise contamination.This thesis aims to find a solution to this problem using IoT sensors and Machine Learning techniquesto detect anomalies in the water quality. The spatial scalability is key requirement when selecting transmissionprotocols, as sensors could be spread around the water network. We consider solutions readilyavailable or soon to be in the market. The key LPWAN technologies studied are: SigFox, LoRaWANand NB-IoT. In general these protocols have many characteristics essential for fresh water monitoring,like long lasting battery life and long range, however, they have many limitations in terms of transmissiondata rates and duty cycles. It is therefore essential to find a solution that would correctly find anomaliesin the water quality but at the same time comply with limited transmission and processing capabilities ofthe node sensors and above mentioned protocols.A trial sensor is already in place in lake M¨alaren and its readings are used for this study. Supervisedmachine learning algorithms such as Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Network, Decision Tree, OneClass K-NN and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are studied and discussed regarding the data available.SVM is then selected, implemented and optimised to comply with the limitations of IoT. The trade offbetween false anomalies and false normal readings was also discussed.
Vatten ä r en av de viktigaste resurserna i vä rlden. Det har direkt inverkan på mä nsklighetens dagliga liv och samhä llets hå llbara utveckling. Vattenkvaliteten på verkar det biologiska livet och må ste fö lja strikta fö reskrifter. Traditionella metoder fö r vattenkvalitetssä kring, som anvä nds idag, innefattar manuell provtagning fö ljt av laboratorieanalys. Denna process ä r dyr på grund av hö ga arbetskostnader fö r provtagning och laboratoriearbete. Dessutom saknar den realtidsanalys som ä r vä sentlig fö r att minimera‌fö rorening.Avhandlingen syftar till att hitta en lö sning på detta problem med hjä lp av IoT-sensorer och maskinlä rningsteknik fö r att upptä cka avvikelser i vattenkvaliteten. Den spatiala skalbarheten ä r ett viktigt krav vid val av ö verfö ringsprotokoll, eftersom sensorer kan spridas runt vattennä tverket. Vi diskuterar lö sningar som ä r lä ttillgä ngliga eller snart ska vara på marknaden. De viktigaste LPWAN-teknikerna som studerats ä r: SigFox, LoRaWAN och NB-IoT. Generellt har dessa protokoll må nga egenskaper som ä r nö dvä ndiga fö r ö vervakning av fä rskvatten, som lå ng batterilivslä ngd och lå ng rä ckvidd, men de har må nga begrä nsningar vad gä ller ö verfö ringshastighet och arbetscykel. Det ä r dä rfö r viktigt att hitta en lö sning som skulle hitta anomalier vid hö gt sä kerhet men samtidigt ö verensstä mmer med begrä nsade ö verfö ringsoch bearbetningskapaciteter hos sensorerna och de ovan nä mnda protokoll.En fö rsö kssensor finns redan på plats i Lake Mä laren och dess avlä sningar anvä nds fö r dennastudie.Ö vervakade maskininlä rningsalgoritmer, så som Logistic Regression, Artificial Neural Network,Decision Tree, One Class K-NN and Support Vector Machine (SVM) studeras och diskuteras beträ ffande tillgä ngliga data. SVM vä ljs sedan, implementeras och optimeras fö r att uppfylla IoTs begrä nsningarna.Balansen mellan falska avvikelser och falska normala avlä sningar diskuteras också .
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8

Pearce, Ariel Leah. "Fresh Water Scenes in Minoan Art". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2017. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/451958.

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Art History
Ph.D.
The goal of this dissertation is to provide a comprehensive study of scenes of fresh water in Minoan art from the Middle Minoan II (MM II) through the Late Minoan I (LM I) periods. This dissertation addresses and fills the gap in the scholarship regarding the depiction of riparian environments and the special place of these depictions in Aegean art. It also attempts to clarify the use and function of riverscapes across chronological periods. Rivers, marshes, streams, and springs, appear on a variety of media and fulfil multiple functions from MM II onward. Images of fresh water were used as topographical markers, ornamentation and decoration, and for religious purposes. Moreover, several images suggest that the Minoans may have believed that the realm for the goddess (or one of the goddesses) was a lush, riverscape. A second goal of this dissertation is to clarify and dispose of the term “Nilotic” as a label for images of fresh water in the Aegean. Since its introduction into the literature of Aegean studies in the beginning of the 20th century, the term “Nilotic” has been used inconsistently to describe Aegean scenes of fresh water that may or may not contain Egyptian elements. This assumption has led some scholars to state that Aegean riverscapes are ultimately derived from Egyptian scenes of fishing and fowling because they share similar iconographic elements. Unfortunately, the process of synthesis is important to the understanding of Aegean riverscapes, and iconographic similarities are somewhat superficial. Furthermore, the term has been used without regard for a long-standing tradition of the depiction of riparian environments in Bronze Age Aegean art. To fully address both goals of this project, the origin of individual iconographic elements has been traced through various media, including glyptic art, pottery, and wall painting. Wall paintings from the Cyclades and some Late Helladic IA scenes have been included when appropriate. Whenever possible, categories of riverscapes have been grouped together, but each wall painting, has been examined and interpreted individually. Some unique, highly pictorial, and detailed images in other media have also been addressed separately. Parallels in Egyptian and, in some cases, Near Eastern art have been sought to determine the validity of the term “Nilotic,” and a special study of Egyptian scenes of hunting in the marshes has been conducted in comparison to Aegean scenes. Iconography, synthesis, and context have all been taken into consideration.
Temple University--Theses
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Schulze, Lucy y Lena Bauer. "Water, Water, Everywhere? : How Different Stakeholders Perceive and Address the Water Shortage on Gotland, Sweden". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-325049.

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“Vattenfrågan har alltid varit viktig på Gotland” (Bastani et al. 2015, p. 25)  - “Water questions have always been important on Gotland”. Contrary to the common perception that water shortage does not pose a problem to northern European countries, the case on Gotland provides the example that it is a real issue. Due to several factors, the Swedish island faces severe water shortages during the summer and is in urgent need to address this in the light of an expected growing number of people coming to Gotland. Since water is a topic affecting a wide range of stakeholders, the water issue is already in the focus of attention and occasionally passionately discussed on the island. The aim of this paper was to identify with the help of qualitative research how relevant stakeholder groups perceive and address the water shortage on Gotland. The identified stakeholder groups were from the administrative/political sectors, industrial/business sectors, the research sector as well as engaged citizens. During the research it became clear that the water shortage can be characterized as a wicked problem, which in its nature is impossible to solve but only manageable due to its complexity. Yet, the majority of stakeholders did not recognize the wicked problem as such which explains the multiplicity of existent strategies for how to deal with it. The different approaches lead to outcomes that seem to only address parts of the problem but fail to manage it in its entirety. The study suggests that institutional voids, meaning a lack of clear responsibilities regarding who should manage the problem and how seem to both arise from and contribute to the complexity of the problem. As result of this research, it seems crucial to firstly gain a comprehensive understanding of the situation and then work with multi stakeholder communication and cooperation against prevailing institutional voids in order to address the water shortage effectively.
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Mulholland, Holly. "Water politics in the Middle East a multicase approach to regional water shortage". Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4988.

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Water shortage is a salient issue in the Middle East commonly overshadowed by more sensational topics such as the oil crisis and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. There is a debate among scholars as to whether water shortages in the Middle East will destabilize the region into armed conflict. Realists argue that non sustainable water sources will be the catalyst which will inevitably lead states to fight one another in a zero-sum game over limited water resources. Liberal Functionalists argue that there are precedents for multilateral cooperation and a technical approach may hold the key to providing solutions to the current water crisis. This research will examine three case studies from the Middle East region: the Jordan River Basin, the Tigris and Euphrates River Basin, and the Disi Aquifer on the border of Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Limited to a specific geographic region, these cases are indicative of water shortages that have or will become potential geostrategic centers for the water crisis.
ID: 029810515; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references.
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Libros sobre el tema "Shortage of fresh water"

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Fresh water. Maesteg: Guaranteed, 2009.

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Fresh water. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 2002.

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Ampt, Peter. Fresh water. Philadelphia, PA: Chelsea House Publishers, 2001.

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Fresh water. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998.

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Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet. Division of Water., ed. Kentucky water shortage response plan. Frankfort, Ky: Kentucky Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Cabinet, Dept. for Environmental Protection, Division of Water, 1988.

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California. Governor's Advisory Drought Planning Panel. Critical water shortage contingency plan. [Sacramento, Calif: Dept. of Water Resources, 2000.

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Bronshteĭn, Z. S. Fresh-water Ostracoda. Rotterdam: Balkema, 1988.

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Fund, World Wildlife, ed. Conserving fresh water. London: Evans, 2006.

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Narasaiah, M. Lakshmi. Fresh water fisheries. New Delhi: Discovery Pub. House, 2011.

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Fresh-water fishing. London: Galley Press, 1988.

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Capítulos de libros sobre el tema "Shortage of fresh water"

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Williams, Kim y Lucas Ihlein. "Fresh water, salt water". En Water Lore, 182–99. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003218272-17.

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Pandey, Pratima. "Fresh Water Storage". En Encyclopedia of Earth Sciences Series, 303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2642-2_168.

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Dworzack, David L. "On Fresh Water". En Infections of Leisure, 137–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2588-1_4.

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Zhang, Jianfeng. "Impacts of Water Shortage". En Coastal Saline Soil Rehabilitation and Utilization Based on Forestry Approaches in China, 93–106. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39915-2_11.

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Maitland, Peter S. "Fresh Water and Humans". En Biology of Fresh Waters, 201–31. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0501-9_8.

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Tolba, Mostafa K. y Osama A. El-Kholy. "Availability of fresh water". En The World Environment 1972–1992, 83–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2280-1_4.

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Depetris, Pedro José. "Fresh Water Geochemistry: Overview". En Environmental Geology, 55–100. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8787-0_969.

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Maitland, Peter S. "Fresh Water and Humans". En Biology of Fresh Waters, 201–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7852-5_8.

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Peinemann, Klaus-Viktor. "Salty vs. Fresh Water". En Renewable Energy, 107–8. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527671342.ch17.

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Maitland, Peter S. "Fresh Water and Humans". En Biology of Fresh Waters, 201–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6098-8_8.

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Actas de conferencias sobre el tema "Shortage of fresh water"

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Saleh, Mostafa M., Ahmed A. Abdelrazek, Arafa F. Mohammed y Ekaterina A. Sokolova. "A Solution to the Problem of Fresh Water Shortage in Egypt Using Nuclear Desalination". En 2024 6th International Youth Conference on Radio Electronics, Electrical and Power Engineering (REEPE). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/reepe60449.2024.10479700.

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Kim, Jihun, Karim Hamza, Mohamed El-Morsi, Ashraf O. Nassef, Sayed Metwalli y Kazuhiro Saitou. "Design Optimization of Batteryless Photovoltaic-Powered Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination in Remote Areas". En ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37750.

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Reverse osmosis (RO) is one of the main technologies for water desalination, which can be used in locations with water resources that have high salinity content (such as saline ground water or seawater) to produce fresh water. Energy requirement for RO is less than other desalination processes, but is in the form of electric power, which can be scarce as fresh water in in remote areas not connected to the grid. Fortunately, many areas with fresh water shortage due to lack of rainfall have abundant sunshine. The combination of solar power and RO desalination is attractive, but remote areas usually requires small modular units, which favors photovoltaic (PV) solar energy harvesting. It is important to consider the net cost-effectiveness of the system when designing the PV-RO desalination plant. Adding battery storage to a PV-RO system has the advantage of steadier operation, but is an additional cost whose real benefit is only realized with a larger PV array that can harvest more energy during daytime. This paper compares the net unit cost of fresh water for realistic scenarios of PV-RO systems with and without battery storage. A multi-level optimization approach previously developed by the authors for time-variant power PV-RO systems is adopted; a “sub-loop” optimization determines the operating pressure and flow rate given a fixed system configuration and instantaneous power input, while an “outer loop” optimizes the configuration of the desalination plant. The sub-loop optimization is done via an enumeration approach, while the outer loop is optimized via a mixed real-coded genetic algorithm (GA). A demonstration study shows a batteryless system being approx. 30% more expensive per unit fresh water production than a fully optimized battery-backed system. However, most of the cost of a batteryless system is in initial investment, which with 7% less annual operating cost, can present a plausible design choice for remote areas.
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Sundstrom, Glen y Fred Pethick. "Creating Sustainable Water Supplies That Benefit Industries and Communities". En 1st Water Quality, Drought, Human Health and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/water2006-20023.

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For many years, the world enjoyed an abundance of high-quality fresh water that was inexpensive to obtain, treat and transport. Now, many communities and industries face water shortages, deteriorating water quality from seawater intrusion and greater demands due to population growth, tourism, recreational use, drought and industrial expansion. Many water and wastewater treatment plants are struggling to keep up with these higher demands or achieve the quality standards set forth by regulatory agencies. As fresh water becomes harder to obtain and its demand rises, the cost to individual consumers and industrial users increases.
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Kowalski, Gregory J. y Mansour Zenouzi. "Enhanced Performance Design of Solar Desalination Device". En ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-40360.

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Many regions in the United States, especially in the Northeast coastal and Southern California regions, and in arid parts of the world are facing fresh water shortages while having access to salt or brackish water. At the present time, the reverse osmosis process is the most prevalent means of converting salt to fresh water. However, as energy prices continue to climb there is evidence that solar desalination may provide a more economical and sustainable means of converting salt water to fresh water. The following paper presents a design of unique modular solar distillation units that provides a mobile, flexible installation for addressing water shortages. The solar still is designed such that the condensation surface is on the shady side of the unit while the absorbing surface is designed as a series of cascading trays that significantly increases the evaporation surface area. Fresh water is produced in this device from the condensate. This design is intended to convert sea water into fresh water that is introduced into a community’s reservoir system to augment traditional water sources. The analysis of the solar distillation unit is performed for the Boston, Massachusetts, USA over a day period in the months of December and July to determine performance at the maximum and minimum ambient conditions. The performance of the proposed device is comparable with reported solar stills in the literature, without optimizing the number of trays or heat rejection surfaces.
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Chen, Weixiong, Jiang Fan, Yu Meng, Yousen Zhang y Junjie Yan. "Optimization of Extraction Position Under Low Loads Operation of Power Plant in Power-Water Cogeneration". En ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16255.

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Abstract Power-water cogeneration is an effective mode to address fresh water shortage problem, namely low-temperature multi-effect seawater desalination (LT-MED) system coupled with thermal power plant. In the present study, the steam extraction position of thermal vapor compressor (TVC) under different loads was optimized to reduce the cost of water production. And then, the thermodynamic performance of the coupled system is obtained when the extraction position of motive steam varies from No.5 to No.7, whereas the power plant load is in the range of 30% THA – 50% THA. The results indicate that the optimal extraction position is not fixed under different low loads of the power plant, it depends on the cost calculation methods. For any method used to calculate the steam cost, the optimal steam extraction position is from No.5 extraction when the power plant load is 40%THA. The optimal steam extraction position is from No.6 extraction when the power plant load is 30%THA. And the optimal steam extraction position is from No.7 extraction when the power plant load is 30%THA.
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Gharib-Yosry, Ahmed, Rodolfo Espina Valdes, Eduardo Blanco-Marigorta y Eduardo Alvarez-Alvarez. "An Approximation of Using Vertical-Axis Tidal Turbine for Water Desalination in the Suez Canal Waterway". En ASME 2022 16th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2022 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2022-85533.

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Abstract Many countries are suffering from water shortage, especially Egypt, which is considered one of the limited regions in fresh-water resources. Desalination has been proven a feasible and promising technology for supplying potable water. However, the main challenge inhibiting the wider use of desalination technologies is the high economic cost especially due to the energy consumption. The main goal of this research is to provide an approach on the possibility of using vertical-axis turbines to harness the periodical tidal current and the hydrokinetic flow from ships and vessels, which run continuously in the Suez Canal waterway, for a desalination process. The turbine rotor type and the design parameters have been selected carefully looking for self-starting and best performance under low flow velocities with independency of the flow direction. Experimentally, the model has been fabricated using additive manufacturing process, and tested in a water flume under different upstream flow velocities. Power curves have been obtained for each operating condition. Additionally, the non-dimensional tip speed ratio and power co-efficient curve have been characterized. Numerically, an intensive three-dimensional simulation has been carried out in order to obtain a better understanding of the complex hydrodynamic flow phenomena around the turbine rotor.
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Blanco, Gabriel y Lawrence L. Ambs. "Cost Optimization of Water Recovery Systems for Steam Injected Gas Turbines". En ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30124.

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Steam injection in gas turbines has been used for many years to increase the power output as well as the efficiency of the system and, more recently, to reduce the formation of NOx during the combustion. The major drawback in steam-injected gas turbine technology is the need of large amounts of fresh water that is eventually lost into the atmosphere along with the exhaust gases. Nowadays, fresh water is not readily available in many places due to either local water shortages or environmental legislation that protects water sources from depletion and pollution. In order to deal with water constraints, water recovery systems (WRS) to recuperate the injected steam from the exhaust gases and return it to the steam injection system can be implemented. In this project, computer models for two different WRS configurations have been developed and tested. The computer models allow finding the optimum size, power requirements and capital costs of the heat exchangers involved in a particular WRS configuration. The models can also simulate the performance of WRS during a given period of time, calculating the energy consumed by fans and pumps in the process. This paper explains the details of the computer models and illustrates, as an example, the results obtained when both WRS configurations are applied to the GE LM2500 gas turbine. These results support the technical and economic feasibility of steam recovery for medium-size steam-injected gas turbines.
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Agboola, O. Phillips y F. Egelioglu. "Water Scarcity and Solar Desalination Systems in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Case of Northern Cyprus". En ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54050.

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The constant decline of renewable water in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) and the Mediterranean regions qualify these two regions the most water scarce in the world. Water scarcity can be defined as a situation where there is not enough water to meet all local demand. These demands may include water needed for ecosystems, agricultural and domestic use. Water is definitely physically scarce in the MENA and the Mediterranean regions with less than 1000 m3/capita/year and the scarcity is related to domestic water, fresh water for drinking and water for food production. Water scarcity in these regions is a function of both water supply and water demand as both applies in most of the countries. Using the Falkenmark indicator the Mediterranean regions will see increased deterioration in the availability of renewable water and more people will suffer the effects of water shortage. The area will face major constraints in meeting water requirements for agriculture in the coming decades. The severe impacts of the non-availability of renewable water in these regions are cushioned by the development of desalination technology that is at an advanced stage in most of the countries in the region. Water desalination technology provides unlimited and constant supply of high quality water, and reduces the pressure on freshwater ecosystems and groundwater resources. Selection of the appropriate desalination technology, use of renewable energy and a proper method of dealing with high salinity wastewater discharge are very important measures necessary to mitigate the negative impacts of desalination activity, reduce desalination costs and make desalination sustainable and reliable. This work reviews the nature of water scarcity in the Eastern Mediterranean region and advances in solar desalination using the Northern part of Cyprus as a case study.
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Montes-Sánchez, J., B. de Weert, B. Petit, L. García-Rodríguez y D. Sánchez. "Potential of Micro Gas Turbines to Provide Renewable Heat and Power in Off-Grid Applications for Desalination and Industrial Wastewater Treatment". En ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60253.

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Abstract The demand for all types of resources (food, freshwater, energy and raw materials) has increased alarmingly due to the continuous techno-economic development of society, bringing about a pressing shortage not only in low-income countries but also in more developed economies. Such is the case for the very wealthy countries in the Gulf Cooperation Council, which are currently struggling with the lack of fresh water supply, or certain countries in Latin America where the contamination of natural water sources poses a major environmental threat. In order to assess this water-energy nexus problem, this paper looks into systems where the production of renewable power is combined with either freshwater production (through desalination) or industrial wastewater treatment for effluent control. Three enabling renewable energy technologies are assessed: solar micro gas turbines, wind turbines and photovoltaic panels. In all cases, off-grid installations are considered. The paper describes the characteristics of these three systems and provides a comparison of technical specifications, yield and costs. Wind and photovoltaic are the standard approach, as already proven by a number of commercial plants, but solar micro gas turbines exhibit additional flexibility (in particular when hybridisation is considered) and have the differential feature of producing not only electric power but also heat. This enables the combination of different types of water treatment technologies in order to increase water production/recovery which, in turn, reduces the environmental impact of the production process associated (either freshwater or other good or service).
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Azhibekova, A. S. y G. A. Adilbektegi. "Environmental assessment of the state of the underground lake Kokzhide, taking into account the impact of the activities of oil producing enterprises". En Scientific achievements of the third millennium. НИЦ "LJournal", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/satm-02-2022-05.

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Nowadays, Kazakhstan is experiencing a shortage of fresh groundwater resources, which in the future may lead to a complete depletion of this type of resources. One of the most promising sources of drinking fresh water in our country is the Kokzhide groundwater field, the state of which has deteriorated under the influence of oil production enterprises. The aim of the research was to conduct an environmental assessment of the state of the underground lake Kokzhide, taking into account the impact of the activities of oil producing enterprises, as well as to develop practical recommendations to minimize the harmful effects of subsoil users. Field and laboratory research methods were used in the work. Assessment of the state of groundwater at the Kokzhide deposit consists in a comparative analysis and processing of the results obtained during laboratory studies of water samples, taking into account the data of field route observations of the territory of the studied object, made in October 2019. In addition, the average intensity of pollution by oil products and the degree of natural protection of groundwater were chosen as the main criteria for assessing the ecological state of groundwater. The results of the research have shown increased concentrations of oil products in the content of the underground water. A comparative analysis of the obtained data shows the correlation of the content of oil products with the depth of observation wells. The greatest excess of the maximum permissible concentration of oil products in groundwater was observed mainly in the north-western part of the territory of the Kokzhide groundwater field, in the areas of intensive production of hydrocarbons. The high content of phenols in groundwater is the result of the impact of the activities of oil producing enterprises, as a result of which oil products, which contain phenol, are introduced into the aquifers. At the same time an increase in the content of total iron in the Kokzhide underground waters was found, which may result from the processes of oxidation and corrosion of well filters and casing pipes. Moreover, the assessment of the natural protection intensity of the groundwater field it has shown that the natural hydrogeological conditions of the site give rise to a high risk of introducing oil products into the aquifers, resulting in the formation of extensive pollution.
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Informes sobre el tema "Shortage of fresh water"

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Rijnaarts, Huub y Thomas Wagner. Water nexus : saline water when possible, fresh water when needed. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/553702.

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Rijnaarts, Huub y Thomas Wagner. Water nexus : saline water when possible, fresh water when needed. Wageningen: Wageningen University & Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/553702.

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Bolton, Laura. Attitudes to Water Usage in Jordan. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), julio de 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.105.

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The author undertakes a literature review of attitudes to water usage in Jordan. One survey was identified which assessed attitudes towards water conservation, sampling 2000 residents in three regions in Jordan (Irbid, Amman, and Zarqa) in 2017. According to the survey, only 61% of respondents believed there was a water shortage in Jordan. 23% believed the water shortage was due to population pressures. The survey focussed more on water conservation than water use. Most of the respondents felt the government were not doing enough on water shortage issues. They were not asked how they feel about the role of the government versus their individual responsibility. Older respondents perceived the shortages to be more critical. A lack of interest in participating in water saving activities was identified among the youth. Water quality was perceived as poor in the USAID survey and noted in other sources. The survey found that most residents had management strategies in place for the day that the water was delivered. Views about politics of regional cooperation and refugee pressure on water use potentially affect attitudes to water but this was not identified specifically within the scope of this report.
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Head, Debbra. Can the U.S. Do More to Help Avert a World Water Shortage. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada431912.

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Bierwirth, Roy C. US International Fresh Water Policy - Need Analysis, and Recommendation. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, enero de 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada400850.

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James F. Klausner, Renwei Mei, Yi Li y Jessica Knight. Innovative Fresh Water Production Process for Fossil Fuel Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918426.

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James F. Klausner, Renwei Mei, Yi Li y Jessica Knight. INNOVATIVE FRESH WATER PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835262.

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James F. Klausner, Renwei Mei, Yi Li, Mohamed Darwish, Diego Acevedo y Jessica Knight. INNOVATIVE FRESH WATER PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR FOSSIL FUEL PLANTS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825857.

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James F. Klausner, Renwei Mei, Yi Li, Jessica Knight y Venugopal Jogi. Innovative Fresh Water Production Process for Fossil Fuel Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/862097.

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Sun, Amy Cha-Tien y Marissa Devan Reno. Production of algal-based biofuel using non-fresh water sources. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), septiembre de 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/920114.

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