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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Shake Maps"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 11 de marzo de 2023

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1

Ertuncay, Deniz, Laura Cataldi y Giovanni Costa. "Web-based macroseismic intensity study in Turkey – entries on Ekşi Sözlük". Geoscience Communication 4, n.º 1 (22 de febrero de 2021): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-69-2021.

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Abstract. Ekşi Sözlük is one of the most visited websites in Turkey. Registered users of the website share their knowledge about any topic. In this study, we collect the user entries on the topic of 20 earthquakes in Turkey and the surrounding area. Entries with city and district level information are converted to intensity values. Shake maps of the earthquakes are created by using a ground motion to intensity conversion equation. User entries and created shake maps are compared. It is found that entries correlate with the predicted intensities. It is also found that local soil conditions and building types have an amplifier effect on entries on the website. Several entries on the earthquake topics have magnitude estimations. The difference between predicted and observed intensities also varies with distance. Users are able to predict the magnitudes of the earthquakes with ±0.54 misfit. This study shows that Ekşi Sözlük has the potential to be a reliable source of macroseismic intensity for the earthquakes in Turkey if the felt reports are collected with a predetermined format.

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2

Böse, Maren, Vladimir Sokolov y Friedemann Wenzel. "Shake Map Methodology for Intermediate-Depth Vrancea (Romania) Earthquakes". Earthquake Spectra 25, n.º 3 (agosto de 2009): 497–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3148882.

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We establish and test a shake map methodology for intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes, based on seismological information gathered in Romania during recent years. We use region- (azimuth-) dependent attenuation relations derived from stochastic simulations of ground motions using spectral models of Vrancea earthquakes. Both region boundaries and Fourier amplification spectra for the characterization of seismic site effects are based on several hundred weak, moderate and strong-motion records and macroseismic intensity maps. We determine region-specific, magnitude- and distance-dependent amplification factors of peak values and instrumental intensity relative to rock. We interpolate recorded ground motions and ground motion estimates from the obtained amplification factors and attenuation relations for rock conditions. The resulting shake maps show a good agreement with macroseismic descriptions of moderate-sized and large Vrancea earthquakes, demonstrating the feasibility of a seismological approach to shake map generation. Unlike previous methodologies, this approach requires neither expensive assessments of geology-dependent site amplification factors, nor large numbers of strong-motion records. Our results are in good agreement with empirical topographic slope-site amplification relations, but give a better reflection of the abnormal attenuation of seismic waves in the Transylvanian region and the strong amplification in the Focsani basin.

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3

Midorikawa, Saburoh. "Recent Seismic Microzoning Maps in Japan". Journal of Disaster Research 1, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2006): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2006.p0201.

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In Japan, seismic microzoning has been conducted as the basis for better disaster planning by governments. This paper introduces various seismic microzoning maps published by the central and local governments in Japan after the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Nation-wide seismic hazard maps are published by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion, to understand the general view of seismic hazard nationwide. Regional seismic microzoning maps are prepared by the Central Disaster Prevention Council for large subduction earthquakes and the Tokyo Metropolitan earthquake. Based on results of the microzonings, strategies are proposed for disaster mitigation of the earthquakes. Local governments prepare more detailed, smaller scale maps, e.g., the Yokohama shake map using a 50 m mesh system. After the publication of the map, the numbers of applicants for seismic performance appraisal service of wooden houses and for seismic retrofitting subsidies from the city increased significantly. This stimulated central and local governments, which started detailed mapping studies. Seismic microzoning maps are being used not only for governments but also for citizens. The maps should evolve both for more attractive presentation to deepen citizens' understanding and for more reliable and comprehensive estimates of seismic hazard and risk.

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4

Deacon, Ashley M., Charles M. Weeks, Russ Miller y Steven E. Ealick. "The Shake-and-Bake structure determination of triclinic lysozyme". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 95, n.º 16 (4 de agosto de 1998): 9284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.16.9284.

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The crystal structure of triclinic lysozyme, comprised of 1,001 non-H protein atoms and ≈200 bound water molecules, has been determined ab initio (using native data alone) by the “Shake-and-Bake” method by using the computer program SnB. This is the largest structure determined so far by the SnB program. Initial experiments, using default SnB parameters derived from studies of smaller molecules, were unsuccessful. In fact, such experiments produced electron density maps dominated by a single large peak. This problem was overcome by considering the choice of protocol used during the parameter-shift phase refinement. When each phase was subjected to a single shift of ±157.5° during each SnB cycle, an unusually high percentage of random trials (≈22%) yielded correct solutions within 750 cycles. This success rate is higher than that typically observed, even for much smaller structures.

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5

Borzi, Barbara, Paola Ceresa, Paolo Franchin, Fabrizio Noto, Gian Michele Calvi y Paolo Emilio Pinto. "Seismic Vulnerability of the Italian Roadway Bridge Stock". Earthquake Spectra 31, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2015): 2137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/070413eqs190m.

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This study focuses on the evaluation of the seismic vulnerability of the Italian roadway bridge stock, within the framework of a Civil Protection sponsored project. A comprehensive database of existing bridges (17,000 bridges with different level of knowledge) was implemented. At the core of the study stands a procedure for automatically carrying out state-of-the-art analytical evaluation of fragility curves for two performance levels—damage and collapse—on an individual bridge basis. A WebGIS was developed to handle data and results. The main outputs are maps of bridge seismic risk (from the fragilities and the hazard maps) at the national level and real-time scenario damage-probability maps (from the fragilities and the scenario shake maps). In the latter case, the WebGIS also performs network analysis to identify routes to be followed by rescue teams. Consistency of the fragility derivation over the entire bridge stock is regarded as a major advantage of the adopted approach.

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6

Lenticchia, E. y E. Coïsson. "THE USE OF GIS FOR THE APPLICATION OF THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE SEISMIC RISK ANALYSIS: THE CASE OF THE ITALIAN FORTIFIED ARCHITECTURE". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W1 (12 de mayo de 2017): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w1-39-2017.

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The present paper proposes the use of GIS for the application of the so-called phenomenological approach to the analysis of the seismic behaviour of historical buildings. This approach is based on the awareness that the different masonry building typologies are characterized by different, recurring vulnerabilities. Thus, the observation and classification of the real damage is seen as the first step for recognizing and classifying these vulnerabilities, in order to plan focused preventive interventions. For these purposes, the GIS has proven to be a powerful instrument to collect and manage this type of information on a large number of cases.<br><br> This paper specifically focuses on the application of the phenomenological approach to the analysis of the seismic behaviour of fortified buildings, including castles, fortresses, citadels, and all the typical historical constructions characterized by the presence of massive towers and defensive walls. The main earthquakes which struck Italy in the last 40 years (up to the recent Central Italy seismic swarm) were taken into consideration and described by means of shake maps. A previously published work has been continued with the addition of new data and some improvements, including a specific symbology for the description of building typologies and conservation status on the maps, the indications of damage levels and the comparison between shake maps in terms of pga and in terms of pseudo-acceleration. The increase in knowledge obtained and the broader frame given by the analysis of the data are here directed to the primary aim of cultural heritage preservation.

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7

Peng, Chaoyong, Peng Jiang, Quansheng Chen, Qiang Ma y Jiansi Yang. "Performance Evaluation of a Dense MEMS-Based Seismic Sensor Array Deployed in the Sichuan-Yunnan Border Region for Earthquake Early Warning". Micromachines 10, n.º 11 (29 de octubre de 2019): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110735.

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With the last decades of development, earthquake early warning (EEW) has proven to be one of the potential means for disaster mitigation. Usually, the density of the EEW network determines the performance of the EEW system. For reducing the cost of sensors and building a dense EEW network, an upgraded low-cost Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS)-based sensor named GL-P2B was developed in this research. This device uses a new high-performance CPU board and is built on a custom-tailored Linux 3.6.9 operating system integrating with seismological processing. Approximately 170 GL-P2Bs were installed and tested in the Sichuan-Yunnan border region from January 2017 to December 2018. We evaluated its performance on noise-level, dynamic range (DR), useful resolution (NU), collocated recording comparison, and shake map generation. The results proved that GL-P2B can be classified as a type of Class-B sensor. The records obtained are consistent with the data obtained by the collocated traditional force-balanced accelerometers even for stations with an epicenter distance of more than 150 km, and most of the relative percentage difference of peak ground acceleration (PGA) values is smaller than 10%. In addition, with the current density of the GL-P2B seismic network, near-real-time refined shake maps without using values derived for virtual stations could be directly generated, which will significantly improve the capability for earthquake emergency response. Overall, this MEMS-based sensor can meet the requirements of dense EEW purpose and lower the total investment of the National System for Fast Seismic Intensity Report and Earthquake Early Warning project.

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8

Sirovich, Livio. "A simple algorithm for tracing synthetic isoseismals". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, n.º 4 (1 de agosto de 1996): 1019–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860041019.

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Abstract Probabilistic calculation of regional seismic hazard maps also requires the use of the so-called “attenuation relations,” which give the reference “shake-ability” at certain distances from the earthquake sources. This article achieves progress in this area. In fact, the present tests on a series of earthquakes in California (San Fernando, 1971; Whittier Narrows, 1987; Northridge, 1994) suggest that in some regions the areal shapes of the territories damaged by past earthquakes may be synthetically traced—sometimes amazingly well—with a simple algorithm that considers some gross features of the sources, and this is compatible with theory. It seems that this algorithm gives rather stable results. Moreover, when the detailed modeling techniques available nowadays are inapplicable due to lack of data, or for purpose of saving time and money, it might be useable for improving seismic hazard calculations and, conversely, for retrieving information about sources of earthquakes from the preinstrumental era.

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9

Lahlal, A., Jean Michel Sprauel y H. Michaud. "Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Residual Stress Induced by Elastic-Plastic Bending, Tension or Torsion Loading". Materials Science Forum 524-525 (septiembre de 2006): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.524-525.331.

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In this work a complete analytical model of elastic-plastic bending, tension and / or torsion has been developed to simulate the manufacturing of leaf springs and coil suspensions. A special procedure was also implemented to simulate mechanical surface treatments such as shot peening. These models allow predicting the plastic strains and residual stresses induced by successive loadings of the part. Our approach required first defining the mechanical behaviour of the material. The constitutive laws of the employed steels were therefore identified starting from cyclic loops recorded for tests carried out at various imposed strains. These laws were introduced in the plasticity model to simulate the different steps of manufacturing: forming of the part, presetting operations, shot peening, elastic-plastic shake down produced by the first cycles of fatigue. In order to validate the model, residual stress maps were also characterized by X-Ray diffraction. However, to retrieve the maximum of information from this kind of measurement, the experimental data has been analysed through a global method which processes the whole acquired diffraction peaks at once.

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10

Tsai, Hsin-Che y Jiunn-Lin Wu. "An Improved Adaptive Deconvolution Algorithm for Single Image Deblurring". Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/658915.

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One of the most common defects in digital photography is motion blur caused by camera shake. Shift-invariant motion blur can be modeled as a convolution of the true latent image and a point spread function (PSF) with additive noise. The goal of image deconvolution is to reconstruct a latent image from a degraded image. However, ringing is inevitable artifacts arising in the deconvolution stage. To suppress undesirable artifacts, regularization based methods have been proposed using natural image priors to overcome the ill-posedness of deconvolution problem. When the estimated PSF is erroneous to some extent or the PSF size is large, conventional regularization to reduce ringing would lead to loss of image details. This paper focuses on the nonblind deconvolution by adaptive regularization which preserves image details, while suppressing ringing artifacts. The way is to control the regularization weight adaptively according to the image local characteristics. We adopt elaborated reference maps that indicate the edge strength so that textured and smooth regions can be distinguished. Then we impose an appropriate constraint on the optimization process. The experiments’ results on both synthesized and real images show that our method can restore latent image with much fewer ringing and favors the sharp edges.

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11

Porter, Keith, Lucile Jones, Dale Cox, James Goltz, Ken Hudnut, Dennis Mileti, Sue Perry et al. "The ShakeOut Scenario: A Hypothetical Mw7.8 Earthquake on the Southern San Andreas Fault". Earthquake Spectra 27, n.º 2 (mayo de 2011): 239–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3563624.

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In 2008, an earthquake-planning scenario document was released by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and California Geological Survey that hypothesizes the occurrence and effects of a Mw7.8 earthquake on the southern San Andreas Fault. It was created by more than 300 scientists and engineers. Fault offsets reach 13 m and up to 8 m at lifeline crossings. Physics-based modeling was used to generate maps of shaking intensity, with peak ground velocities of 3 m/sec near the fault and exceeding 0.5 m/sec over 10,000 km2. A custom HAZUS®MH analysis and 18 special studies were performed to characterize the effects of the earthquake on the built environment. The scenario posits 1,800 deaths and 53,000 injuries requiring emergency room care. Approximately 1,600 fires are ignited, resulting in the destruction of 200 million square feet of the building stock, the equivalent of 133,000 single-family homes. Fire contributes $87 billion in property and business interruption loss, out of the total $191 billion in economic loss, with most of the rest coming from shake-related building and content damage ($46 billion) and business interruption loss from water outages ($24 billion). Emergency response activities are depicted in detail, in an innovative grid showing activities versus time, a new format introduced in this study.

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12

Sharon, Matty, Amir Sagy, Ittai Kurzon, Shmuel Marco y Marcelo Rosensaft. "Assessment of seismic sources and capable faults through hierarchic tectonic criteria: implications for seismic hazard in the Levant". Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, n.º 1 (14 de enero de 2020): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-125-2020.

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Abstract. We present a methodology for mapping faults that constitute a potential hazard to structures, with an emphasis on ground shake hazards and on surface rupture nearby critical facilities such as dams and nuclear power plants. The methodology categorises faults by hierarchic seismo-tectonic criteria, which are designed according to the degree of certainty for recent activity and the accessibility of the information within a given region. First, the instrumental seismicity is statistically processed to obtain the gridded seismicity of the earthquake density and the seismic moment density parameters. Their spatial distribution reveals the zones of the seismic sources, within the examined period. We combine these results with geodetic and pre-instrumental slip rates, historical earthquake data, geological maps and aerial photography to define and categorise faults that are likely to generate significant earthquakes (M≥6.0). Their mapping is fundamental for seismo-tectonic modelling and for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHAs). In addition, for surface rupture hazard, we create a database and a map of Quaternary capable faults by developing criteria according to the regional stratigraphy and the tectonic configuration. The relationship between seismicity, slip dynamics and fault activity through time is an intrinsic result of our analysis that allows revealing the dynamic of the deformation in the region. The presented methodology expands the ability to differentiate between subgroups for planning or maintenance of different constructions or for research aims, and it can be applied in other regions.

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13

Miyata, Takahisa. "Factorization of uniformly continuous maps through uniform shape fibrations". Glasnik Matematicki 50, n.º 1 (22 de junio de 2015): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3336/gm.50.1.14.

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14

Liang, Wen-Tzong, Jian-Cheng Lee, Kate Huihsuan Chen y Nai-Chi Hsiao. "Citizen Earthquake Science in Taiwan: From Science to Hazard Mitigation". Journal of Disaster Research 12, n.º 6 (29 de noviembre de 2017): 1174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p1174.

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Taiwan is located at the convergent plate boundary between the Eurasian and the Philippine Sea plates. As a result, intense earthquake activity and associated surface deformation are manifesting in this region. To implement and promote citizen earthquake science in Taiwan, we have developed several web-based platforms with multi-purpose themes, such as earthquake science information, popular science education, and crowdsourcing systems. First, with the rapid earthquake report issued from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau (CWB), the available near real-time scientific results obtained from the Taiwanese seismology community are collected and published to a platform, the Taiwan Earthquake Science Information System (TESIS). The scientific information archived at TESIS includes CWB earthquake reports, focal mechanisms, shake maps, and finite source models (for strong earthquakes). All real-time results are integrated into a GIS system with background geospatial information, such as geological maps, traces of active faults, background seismicity, and inter-seismic GPS velocity fields. Second, by collaborating with Stanford University to maintain a regional Quake-Catcher Network (QCN) server in Taiwan, we have promoted citizen seismology in Asia by bringing earthquake information and scientific knowledge to the public. More than 200 school teachers have already installed the QCN sensors in Internet-enabled computers. Through two web-based educational platforms, users are able to access the guidelines and further interact with the recorded waveforms. Third, we also developed an earthquake damage reporting system – the Taiwan Scientific Earthquake Reporting (TSER) system – to encourage the citizen to collect field observation for significant earthquake-induced ground damages such as surface fault rupture, landslide, rock fall, liquefaction, and landslide-triggered dam or lake. The TSER system is constructed under the Ushahidi mapping platform, which has been widely used in crowdsourcing for the geospatial archiving of events. Trained high school teachers and public volunteers can send their ground damage observations, including photographs, through the TSER system. Most of these products and online systems are now being operated by the Taiwan Earthquake Research Center (TEC). With these newly developed platforms and materials, we aim to not only raise earthquake awareness and preparedness, but also encourage public participation in earthquake science in Taiwan.

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15

Zerkalov, L. G. "Shape soft and shape locally soft maps". Russian Mathematical Surveys 42, n.º 4 (31 de agosto de 1987): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/rm1987v042n04abeh001452.

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16

Giraldo, Antonio. "Shape Fibrations, Multivalued Maps and Shape Groups". Canadian Journal of Mathematics 50, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1998): 342–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cjm-1998-018-7.

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AbstractThe notion of shape fibration with the near lifting of near multivalued paths property is studied. The relation of thesemaps–which agreewith shape fibrations having totally disconnected fibers–with Hurewicz fibrations with the unique path lifting property is completely settled. Some results concerning homotopy and shape groups are presented for shape fibrations with the near lifting of near multivalued paths property. It is shown that for this class of shape fibrations the existence of liftings of a fine multivalued map is equivalent to an algebraic problem relative to the homotopy, shape or strong shape groups associated.

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17

Michelini, Alberto, Lucia Margheriti, Marco Cattaneo, Gianpaolo Cecere, Giuseppe D'Anna, Alberto Delladio, Milena Moretti et al. "The Italian National Seismic Network and the earthquake and tsunami monitoring and surveillance systems". Advances in Geosciences 43 (9 de noviembre de 2016): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-43-31-2016.

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Abstract. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is an Italian research institution, with focus on Earth Sciences. INGV runs the Italian National Seismic Network (Rete Sismica Nazionale, RSN) and other networks at national scale for monitoring earthquakes and tsunami as a part of the National Civil Protection System coordinated by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile, DPC). RSN is composed of about 400 stations, mainly broadband, installed in the Country and in the surrounding regions; about 110 stations feature also co-located strong motion instruments, and about 180 have GPS receivers and belong to the National GPS network (Rete Integrata Nazionale GPS, RING). The data acquisition system was designed to accomplish, in near-real-time, automatic earthquake detection, hypocenter and magnitude determination, moment tensors, shake maps and other products of interest for DPC. Database archiving of all parametric results are closely linked to the existing procedures of the INGV seismic monitoring environment and surveillance procedures. INGV is one of the primary nodes of ORFEUS (Observatories & Research Facilities for European Seismology) EIDA (European Integrated Data Archive) for the archiving and distribution of continuous, quality checked seismic data. The strong motion network data are archived and distributed both in EIDA and in event based archives; GPS data, from the RING network are also archived, analyzed and distributed at INGV. Overall, the Italian earthquake surveillance service provides, in quasi real-time, hypocenter parameters to the DPC. These are then revised routinely by the analysts of the Italian Seismic Bulletin (Bollettino Sismico Italiano, BSI). The results are published on the web, these are available to both the scientific community and the general public. The INGV surveillance includes a pre-operational tsunami alert service since INGV is one of the Tsunami Service providers of the North-eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean Tsunami warning System (NEAMTWS).

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18

Sanjurjo, J. M. R. "On limits of shape maps". Topology and its Applications 23, n.º 2 (julio de 1986): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-8641(86)90039-8.

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19

Kuryzhov, E., E. Karatetskaia y D. Mints. "Lorenz- and Shilnikov-Shape Attractors in the Model of Two Coupled Parabola Maps". Nelineinaya Dinamika 17, n.º 2 (2021): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/nd210203.

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We consider the system of two coupled one-dimensional parabola maps. It is well known that the parabola map is the simplest map that can exhibit chaotic dynamics, chaos in this map appears through an infinite cascade of period-doubling bifurcations. For two coupled parabola maps we focus on studying attractors of two types: those which resemble the well-known discrete Lorenz-like attractors and those which are similar to the discrete Shilnikov attractors. We describe and illustrate the scenarios of occurrence of chaotic attractors of both types.

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20

Chappelow, J. E. "Simple impact crater shape determination from shadows". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 48, n.º 10 (24 de septiembre de 2013): 1863–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.12201.

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21

Alyeshina, E. A., l. I. Karpenko, S. V. Kurtkin, B. M. Sedov y E. I. Vedernikov. "Determination of initial seismicity score and seismic microzoning of infrastructure area of Kolyma Hydro Power Plant". Russian Journal of Seismology 4, n.º 4 (20 de diciembre de 2022): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2022.4.07.

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Earthquakes’ nature was studied and detailed seismic zoning (DSZ) and seismic micro-zoning (SMZ) were carried out for the Kolyma hydro power plant (KHPP) region, considering new geological, geophysical and seismological data. DSZ was based on tectonic zoning maps of Magadan region and seismological monitoring data in the vicinity KHPP facilities, carried out by Magadan Branch of Geophysical Survey of Russian Academy of Sciences. Eight source zones and 10 faults generating earthquakes were identified. Hypocenters of potential maximum earthquakes were determined. They are associated with the largest deep faults: Debinsky, Chay-Yuryinsky and Ulakhan and can cause ground shake in the area of main structures with intensities I= 8.8, 8.5 and 8.4 scores, which is consistent with OSR-2015-C map, selected as the main one for objects with increased level of responsibility. According to the DSR results, the initial seismicity of KHPP area on OSR-2015-С map was 8.8 scores. With repeatability of ~ 5000 years, the magnitude of the most dangerous earthquake for KHPP facilities will be M=6.5, with epicentral distance of 10 km. The obtained results of the DSZ were the initial estimates of seismic impacts for SMZ. The basis of SMZ is the nature of soils of the upper part of the section of the structures zone. The rock outcropping area was chosen as a reference, where the initial seismicity, taking into account DSZ, was 7.8 scores. The calculated increment of the score and the calculated intensity of the seismic impact on the areas of the main structures of KHPP were calculated. Moreover, in areas characterized by different engineering and geological conditions of the soils of the upper part of the section, both the method of direct registration of earthquakes and explosions, and the method of acoustic stiffness were used. According to both methods, the maximum shaking of the area of the main KHPP facilities amounted to 8 points, which is 1 point lower than the OSR-2015-C map

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22

Brechner, Beverly, J. Mayer y E. Tymchatyn. "Inaccessibility, essential maps, and shape theory". Fundamenta Mathematicae 132, n.º 1 (1989): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/fm-132-1-1-23.

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23

Suganthan, P. N. "Shape indexing using self-organizing maps". IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks 13, n.º 4 (julio de 2002): 835–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tnn.2002.1021884.

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24

Huang, Qi-Xing y Leonidas Guibas. "Consistent Shape Maps via Semidefinite Programming". Computer Graphics Forum 32, n.º 5 (agosto de 2013): 177–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12184.

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25

Goedert, M., C. P. Baur, J. Ahringer, R. Jakes, M. Hasegawa, M. G. Spillantini, M. J. Smith y F. Hill. "PTL-1, a microtubule-associated protein with tau-like repeats from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans". Journal of Cell Science 109, n.º 11 (1 de noviembre de 1996): 2661–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.109.11.2661.

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Tau, MAP2 and MAP4 are structural microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) that promote the assembly and stability of microtubules. They share three or four imperfect tandem repeats of an amino acid motif, which is involved in the binding to microtubules. All sequences to data containing this motif are of mammalian origin. We report here the cloning and functional characterisation of a new member of this family of proteins from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. This protein exists as two isoforms of 413 and 453 amino acids with four or five tandem repeats that are 50% identical to the tau/MAP2/MAP4 repeats. Both isoforms bind to microtubules and promote microtubule assembly, with the five-repeat isoform being more effective at promoting assembly than the four-repeat isoform. When expressed in COS cells, the five-repeat isoform co-localises with microtubules and induces the formation of microtubule bundles, whereas its expression in Sf9 cells leads to the extension of long unipolar processes. In view of its length, amino acid sequence and functional characteristics, we have named this invertebrate structural MAP ‘Protein with Tau-Like Repeats’ (PTL-1). In C. elegans PTL-1 is expressed in two places known to require microtubule function. It is first seen in the embryonic epidermis, when circumferentially oriented microtubules help to distribute forces generated during elongation. Later, it is found in mechanosensory neurons which contain unusual 15 protofilament microtubules required for the response to touch. These findings indicate that MAPs of the tau/MAP2/MAP4 family are found throughout much of the animal kingdom, where they may play a role in specialised processes requiring microtubules.

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Masarik, Jozef y Juraj Beňo. "Effects of meteoroid shape on cosmogenic nuclide production processes". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 50, n.º 2 (febrero de 2015): 318–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.12423.

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27

McClain, Stephen T., Peter Tino y Richard E. Kreeger. "Ice Shape Characterization Using Self-Organizing Maps". Journal of Aircraft 48, n.º 2 (marzo de 2011): 724–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.c031209.

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28

Vujakovic, Peter y Richard V. Francaviglia. "The Shape of Texas: Maps as Metaphors". Geographical Journal 162, n.º 3 (noviembre de 1996): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3059658.

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29

Zelinsky, Wilbur y Richard V. Francaviglia. "The Shape of Texas: Maps as Metaphors". Geographical Review 86, n.º 2 (abril de 1996): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215963.

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30

Yagasaki, Tatsuhiko. "Movability of maps and shape fibrations Ⅱ". Tsukuba Journal of Mathematics 9, n.º 2 (diciembre de 1985): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21099/tkbjm/1496160290.

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31

Laguna, V. y J. Sanjurjo. "Shape morphisms and spaces of approximative maps". Fundamenta Mathematicae 133, n.º 3 (1989): 225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4064/fm-133-3-225-235.

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32

Agarwal, Pankaj K., Nabil H. Mustafa y Yusu Wang. "Fast Molecular Shape Matching Using Contact Maps". Journal of Computational Biology 14, n.º 2 (marzo de 2007): 131–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cmb.2007.0004.

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33

Kato, Hisao. "Shape properties of Whitney maps for hyperspaces". Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 297, n.º 2 (1 de febrero de 1986): 529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9947-1986-0854083-2.

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34

Choi, Jung-In K. "Cell-like maps that are shape equivalences". Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 108, n.º 4 (1 de abril de 1990): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-1990-1038759-9.

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35

Sanjurjo, José M. R. "Selections of multivalued maps and shape domination". Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 107, n.º 3 (mayo de 1990): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305004100068778.

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AbstractSome results are presented which establish connections between shape theory and the theory of multivalued maps. It is shown how to associate an upper-semi-continuous multivalued map F: X → Y to every approximative map f = {fk, X → Y} in the sense of K. Borsuk and it is proved that, in certain circumstances, if F is ‘small’ and admits a selection, then the shape morphism S(f) is generated by a map, and if F admits a coselection then S(f) is a shape domination.

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36

Jin, Emma Y., Jing Qin y Christian M. Reidys. "Neutral networks of sequence to shape maps". Journal of Theoretical Biology 250, n.º 3 (febrero de 2008): 484–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2007.09.012.

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37

Huang, Qixing, Zhenxiao Liang, Haoyun Wang, Simiao Zuo y Chandrajit Bajaj. "Tensor maps for synchronizing heterogeneous shape collections". ACM Transactions on Graphics 38, n.º 4 (12 de julio de 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3306346.3322944.

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38

Wang, Zijian, Zhenzhong Kuang, Zhiqiang Guo, Suguo Zhu y Min Tan. "Isometric Shape Representation by Integrating Shape Function Maps and Deep Learning". IEEE Access 7 (2019): 158503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2950279.

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39

A. MORÓN, M. y F. R. Ruiz del PORTAL. "Spaces of discrete shape and $c$ -refinable maps that induce shape equivalences". Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan 49, n.º 4 (octubre de 1997): 713–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2969/jmsj/04940713.

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40

GUO Zhe, 郭哲, 樊养余 FAN Yang-yu, 刘姝 LIU Shu, 雷涛 LEI Tao y 王毅 WANG Yi. "3D to 2D: Facial intrinsic shape description maps". Optics and Precision Engineering 22, n.º 12 (2014): 3391–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/ope.20142212.3391.

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41

Mrozik, Peter. "Mapping Cylinders of Approaching Maps and Strong Shape". Journal of the London Mathematical Society s2-41, n.º 1 (febrero de 1990): 159–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/jlms/s2-41.1.159.

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42

Sangole, Archana y George K. Knopf. "Shape Registration Using Deformable Self-Organizing Feature Maps". International Journal of Smart Engineering System Design 5, n.º 4 (octubre de 2003): 439–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10255810390445274.

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43

Weber, Ofir y Craig Gotsman. "Controllable conformal maps for shape deformation and interpolation". ACM Transactions on Graphics 29, n.º 4 (26 de julio de 2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1778765.1778815.

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44

Rossi, O., D. J. Saunders y G. E. Prince. "Shape maps for second order partial differential equations". Journal de Mathématiques Pures et Appliquées 107, n.º 5 (mayo de 2017): 615–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2016.07.010.

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45

Thorstensen, Nicolas, Patrick Étyngier, Florent Ségonne y Renaud Keriven. "Diffusion maps as a framework for shape modeling". Computer Vision and Image Understanding 115, n.º 4 (abril de 2011): 520–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2011.01.002.

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46

Wang, Xiaoni. "3D Face Recognition Based on Regional Shape Maps". Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 22, n.º 1 (20 de enero de 2018): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2018.p0141.

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This study proposes an iterative closest shape point (ICSP) registration method based on regional shape maps for 3D face recognition. A neutral expression image randomly selected from a face database is considered as the reference face. The point-to-point correspondences between the input face and the reference face are achieved by constructing the points’ regional shape maps. The distance between corresponding point pairs is then minimized by iterating through the correspondence findings and coordinate transformations. The vectors composed of the closest shape points obtained in the last iteration are regarded as the feature vectors of the input face. These 3D face feature vectors are finally used for both training and recognition using the Fisherface method. Experiments are conducted using the 3D face database maintained by the Chinese Academy of Science Institute of Automation (CASIA). The results show that the proposed method can effectively improve 3D face recognition performance.

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47

Patki, A. S. y E. A. Patterson. "Decomposing Strain Maps Using Fourier-Zernike Shape Descriptors". Experimental Mechanics 52, n.º 8 (12 de noviembre de 2011): 1137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11340-011-9570-4.

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48

Lai, Po Kong, Weizhe Liang y Robert Laganière. "Additive depth maps, a compact approach for shape completion of single view depth maps". Graphical Models 104 (julio de 2019): 101030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2019.101030.

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49

Zhang, Mingming, Brett Clark, Ashley J. King, Sara S. Russell y Yangting Lin. "Shape and porosity of refractory inclusions in CV3 chondrites: A micro‐computed tomography (µCT) study". Meteoritics & Planetary Science 56, n.º 3 (marzo de 2021): 500–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/maps.13635.

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50

ETEMADI BORUJENI, SHAHRAM, MOHAMMAD ESHGHI y MAHDI SAFARNEJAD BOROUJENI. "MEHRAB MAPS: ONE-DIMENSIONAL PIECEWISE NONLINEAR CHAOTIC MAPS". International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 22, n.º 05 (mayo de 2012): 1250127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127412501271.

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In this paper, we propose a new one-dimensional, two-segmental nonlinear map by combining tent, triangle and parabola curve functions. We call the proposed map, Mehrab map since its return maps shape is similar to an altar (which we call it "Mehrab"). Definition and properties of Mehrab map along with orbit diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, and its histograms are considered. To generate more uniform density function maps, two modified versions of the proposed Mehrab map are also defined. In the first modification of Mehrab map (FMM), vertical symmetry and transformation to the right are used. Sensitivity to initial condition and total chaotic range of FMM are medium. Probability density function of FMM map is uniform and its histograms show this uniformity. In the second modification of Mehrab (SMM) map, vertical and horizontal symmetry and transformation to the right are used. According to the orbit diagrams and Lyapunov exponents, the sensitivity to initial condition and the total chaotic range of SMM map are large. This property gives more chaotic region to the map. Its histograms prove that the probability density function of SMM is also uniform.

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