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1
Croccolo, D. y N. Vincenzi. "Stress concentration factors in compression—fit couplings". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 224, n.º 6 (1 de junio de 2010): 1143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1881.
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The aim of the present work is to define the maximum stress generated by the coupling of axially symmetric and continuous shafts press-fitted into axially symmetric hubs. The theoretical stresses given by the well-known formulae of the thick-walled cylinders theory are constant on the whole coupling surface, but if the shaft extends beyond the hub there is a stress concentration factor on the boundary zone. This occurrence is confirmed by finite element analyses performed by the authors on several different shaft—hub couplings. The analysed couplings have the shaft extended beyond the hub, the shafts press-fitted into the hubs, and both shafts and hubs loaded by an external pressure and an internal pressure. The stress concentration factors have been calculated in this work and their expressions have been derived as a function of some tensile and geometrical parameters. By combining the thick-walled cylinders theory with the proposed formulae, it is possible to evaluate the maximum stress located at the end of the hub without performing any numerical investigations.
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Croccolo, D. y N. Vincenzi. "A generalized theory for shaft—hub couplings". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, n.º 10 (29 de junio de 2009): 2231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1437.
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The design of compression-fit joints, based on the theory of thick-walled cylinders, is usually referred to shaft—hub couplings carried out between two elements that have an axial symmetric shape. The stress distributions both inside the elements and on the contact surfaces can be defined by the equilibrium and by the compatibility formulae once the total radial interference and the internal and external pressure (the boundary conditions) are known. The complete tensile state of the coupling is defined by two principal stresses: the radial and the hoop tensions. The present article aims at extending the analytic calculation valid for two elements to a number of n elements by means of a sequential solution of the governing equation system. The elements in contact can rotate at a generic angular velocity and can, also, be made of different materials. The overall solution has been derived starting from the hypothesis of the simultaneous presence of axial symmetric geometries and axial symmetric loads. The mathematical model has been verified by comparing the theoretical results with some finite-element analysis calculations performed on the same coupled elements.
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Meeus, Hans, Björn Verrelst, David Moens, Patrick Guillaume y Dirk Lefeber. "Experimental Study of the Shaft Penetration Factor on the Torsional Dynamic Response of a Drive Train". Machines 6, n.º 3 (17 de julio de 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines6030031.
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Typical rotating machinery drive trains are prone to torsional vibrations. Especially those drive trains that comprise one or more couplings which connect the multiple shafts. Since these vibrations rarely produce noise or vibration of the stationary frame, their presence is hardly noticeable. Moreover, unless an expensive torsional-related problem has become obvious, such drive trains are not instrumented with torsional vibration measurement equipment. Excessive levels can easily cause damage or even complete failure of the machine. So, when designing or retrofitting a machine, a comprehensive and detailed numerical torsional vibration analysis is crucial to avoid such problems. However, to accurately calculate the torsional modes, one has to account for the penetration effect of the shaft in the coupling hub, indicated by the shaft penetration factor, on the torsional stiffness calculation. Many guidelines and assumptions have been published for the stiffness calculation, however, its effect on the damping and the dynamic amplification factor are less known. In this paper, the effect of the shaft penetration factor, and hence coupling hub-to-shaft connection, on the dynamic torsional response of the system is determined by an experimental study. More specifically, the damping is of major interest. Accordingly, a novel academic test setup is developed in which several configurations, with each a different shaft penetration factor, are considered. Besides, different amplitude levels, along with both a sweep up and down excitation, are used to identify their effect on the torsional response. The measurement results show a significant influence of the shaft penetration factor on the system’s first torsional mode. By increasing the shaft penetration factor, and thus decreasing the hub-to-shaft interference, a clear eigenfrequency drop along with an equally noticeable damping increase, is witnessed. On the contrary, the influence of the sweep up versus down excitation is less pronounced.
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Lee, Dong-Hyung, Ha-Young Choi, Seok-Jin Kwon y Jeong-Won Seo. "Optimization of Contact Edge Profile for Minimizing Contact Pressure in a Press-fitted Shaft". MATEC Web of Conferences 165 (2018): 22029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816522029.
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In the shrink or press-fitted shafts such as railway axles, the rotor of a steam turbine or coupling, a high-stress concentration takes place in the close of contact edge due to relative slip between shaft and boss in a press-fitted shaft and this is a major cause of fatigue failure of the shaft. The object of this paper is to build a finite element analysis model for analysing press-fitted and bending load condition in a pressfitted assembly and is to propose a hub shape optimization method to minimize a contact pressure in the close of shaft contact edge. Numerical asymmetric-axisymmetric finite element model was developed to predict the contact stress state of the press-fitted shaft. Global optimization method, genetic algorithm, and local optimization method, sequential quadratic programming, was applied to the press-fitted assembly to optimize the hub contact edge geometry. The results showed that the maximum contact pressure with optimized hub shape decreased more than 60% compared to conventional hub shape, the maximum contact stress affecting fatigue life reduced about 47%. In addition, hub shape optimization design could be a useful tool, able to increase the load capabilities of press fits concerning wear and fatigue behaviour.
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Lebedev, Anatoliy T., Roman V. Pavlyuk, Anton V. Zakharin, Pavel A. Lebedev y Nikolay A. Mar’in. "Research of quality of production of the key connections basic units". Tekhnicheskiy servis mashin, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2020): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2618-8287-2020-58-1-106-112.
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When considering the work of key connections with broken geometry of the working surfaces of the units, we can observe that often the key is not properly fixed in the groove of the shaft and sleeve and when rotating the coupling, it skews and perceives the transmitted torque unevenly at some point, which is a stress concentrator. (Research purpose) The research purpose is to increase the durability of keyways by preventing failures through quality control of the manufacture of their basic units. (Materials and methods) Authors have noted that the standard keyway has three fitments: "shaft-hub", "shaft-keyway" and "hub-keyway". It was shown that in these couplings the manufacturer provided gaps of various sizes for the convenience of disassembly and assembly of the connection, directly affecting the performance and durability of the connection as a whole. The geometric dimensions of keyway coupling were monitored by contact method using electronic micrometers MCC-25, MCC-50 and MCC-75 to measure the width of the keys and the diameter of the shafts and indicator nutromers NI-18 and NI-50 with an indicator head 1IG for keyways and internal diameters of pulleys. (Results and discussion) It has been revealed that the dispersion of the tolerance fields of the key width coincides with the law of normal distribution. It was found the presence of defects in width in the supplied keys, the value of which reached 15 percent. It was determined that the technical requirements for hardness and roughness corresponded to GOST 23360-78. It was noticed when checking the diametrical dimensions of the coupling "shaft-sleeve" the presence of deviations from the technical conditions, which during assembly can lead to the formation of a large gap in the keyway coupling. (Conclusions) Performed theoretical and experimental studies have allowed to establish the probability of obtaining gaps and tightness in common key coupling.
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Rasyid, Kurniadi y Tutur Angger Pambudi. "Single-plate Swipe Couplings On Four-wheeled Vehicles". Aptisi Transactions On Technopreneurship (ATT) 2, n.º 1 (22 de enero de 2020): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34306/att.v2i1.56.
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The clutch is an absolutely necessary part of the gasoline cars and the other types where the main drive is obtained from the fuel in the cylinder. The author starts planning this friction coupling with the theory and shifting system of style, then determines the type of clutch plate to be worn, determining the large diameter of the clutch shaft, specifies the thick of the friction plate, the spring reducer, the flywheel connecting Bolt with the flux, the flywheel connecting bolt with the engine shaft, the rivet connector of the friction plate with the spring disc, the rivet of the disc-connector with the sub plate, the rivet of the sub-plate and the spline hub, the rivet of the Cover flux, clutch shaft bearings, bearing holders, as well as heat calculations and age of friction plates. Specifies the type of clutch plate to be worn, determining the large diameter of the clutch shaft, determining the thick of the friction plate, the damper spring, the flywheel connecting Bolt with the flux, flywheel connecting bolt with engine shaft, rivet swipes with friction plate with disc spring, Rivet Connector Spring with sub plate, rivet sub plate rivets with spline hub, rivet fastening rivets with flux cover, clutch shaft bearings, bearing holders, as well as heat calculation and age of friction plates. Single-plate swipes are designed so that they can transmit power/rotation in a rotating or unrotating state. The type of coupling discussed here is the fixed clutch that uses a plate that serves as a medium of friction between the flywheel and the pressing plate. The purpose of writing these planning tasks to meet and complement the course of the machine element, the authors try to plan and discuss the clutch system
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Kelemen, Laszlo y Jozsef Szente. "Two Mathematical Models for Generation of Crowned Tooth Surface". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/641091.
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Gear couplings are mechanical components to connect shaft ends and eliminate the misalignments. The most important element of the gear coupling is the hub which is an external gear having crowned teeth. The crowned teeth on the hub are typically produced by hobbing. The resulting tooth surface depends on several parameters. It is influenced by the size of the hob and the feed. In this paper two mathematical models of the crowned tooth surface are introduced for the generation of the idealized tooth surfaces. These are the profile-shifting and the two-parameter enveloping methods. Our aim is to compare the obtained crowned tooth profiles for the two examined models and to investigate the results. From our numerical results, it was found that the two profiles show indistinguishable differences.
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Nguyen, Huu Loc y Vi Phong Lam. "Effects of Nickel Plating on Interference Fit between Medium Carbon Steel and Copper–Zinc Alloy Parts". Metals 13, n.º 2 (28 de enero de 2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13020247.
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Studies on load capacity enhancement for an interference fit mainly focused on the essential coupling material pair of steel–steel parts. With more complex requirements in technical assemblies, more notable cases of material pairs are applied in interference fits. Hence, it is crucial to highlight the variations across-coupling scenarios in order to identify a workable approach for load capacity augmentation. The goal of this study is to examine how nickel plating affects the interference fit between steel and brass assembly parts. The experiments in this research focus on comparing the load capacity of plated and non-plated specimens by evaluating the extraction force on a compression machine. The fit parameters are measured with a coordinate measuring machine and contact surface profiler. Some microscopic observations are made to confirm the phenomena of this coupling case. The axial extraction tests determined that the plated fits show an increase in axial force limits of around 20% in comparison with the non-plated ones. There are also some significant improvements in the plated shaft surface properties, which reduce the physical adhesions between the shaft and hub. These results confirm the possibility of reusing the plated assembly parts, which gives highly economic and environmental advantages.
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Winters, Jeffrey. "Winding Up". Mechanical Engineering 125, n.º 01 (1 de enero de 2003): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2003-jan-1.
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This article reviews today’s wind turbines that are a far cry from the windmills that once reached into the rural sky to pump water for irrigation. A single utility-scale turbine, built from European designs, can provide enough electricity to power more than a thousand homes when the wind is blowing. Wind power is increasingly viewed as an ecologically friendly energy source, without the carbon emissions of fossil fuels or the watershed wrecking force of hydropower. Wind power enthusiasts point out that wind is the fastest-growing source of electricity in the world. In the United States alone, the amount of installed wind power grew by 66 percent in 2001, according to the American Wind Energy Association in Washington. WTC’s two-bladed design makes the most of the lightness the downwind configuration can offer. Each blade is reinforced by a hydraulic piston running from the hub, and the root itself is attached to the rotor shaft by a hinged coupling. The pistons can reposition each blade independently over the course of a single rotor sweep.
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Shenglin, Zhang, Zhu Caichao, Song Chaosheng, Tan Jianjun y Chen Xu. "Natural characteristic analysis of wind turbine drivetrain considering flexible supporting". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 232, n.º 5 (7 de febrero de 2017): 842–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406217692006.
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The mechanical system of wind turbine is much complicated and can be divided into the drivetrain and supporting portions. The drivetrain consists of wheel, main shaft, gearbox, generator, etc. and the supporting portion mainly consists of a tower and a cabin. In order to reduce the unit cost of electricity, the capacity and size of wind turbine are increased gradually in the past years. Meanwhile, with the increase of the wind turbine height, the tower actually becomes more flexible as the supporting part. And the influence of the supporting tower flexibility becomes stronger due to the varying wind loads both in magnitude and direction. Using the rigid–flexible coupling multibody dynamic theory, the coupled dynamic model of the wind turbine drive train was developed considering the flexible supporting. Then the natural characteristics of the system were computed and investigated. For the dynamic modeling, the blades, the tower and main shaft were modeled as flexible bodies, while the other components, such as the hub and the gearbox, were modeled as rigid bodies. The potential resonance frequencies of the system were discussed through the Campbell diagram and the modal energy distribution analysis. The results show that the natural frequency of swing mode shapes for the tower was 0.399 Hz and 0.405 Hz. The first natural frequency of drivetrain, which represented a torsional vibration mode, was 1.64 Hz. From the Campbell diagram and the modal energy distribution analysis, resonances would not occur within the normal operating speed range for the drivetrain. And a comparison analysis indicated that the flexible supports would increase the bearing loads along axial direction and radial direction, especially in main shaft and torque arm, but that influence was not obvious at parallel stage. However, to some extent, the flexible supports can decrease the loads fluctuation of drivetrain. Finally, the online vibration experiments were carried out in the wind field. The vibration characteristics of the wind turbine drivetrain were analyzed and the experimental results also compared well with the theoretical dynamic results.
11
Citarella, R. y S. Gerbino. "BE analysis of shaft–hub couplings with polygonal profiles". Journal of Materials Processing Technology 109, n.º 1-2 (febrero de 2001): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(00)00772-x.
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Cuffaro, Vincenzo, Francesca Curà y Andrea Mura. "Experimental Investigation about Surface Damage in Straight and Crowned Misaligned Splined Couplings". Key Engineering Materials 577-578 (septiembre de 2013): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.577-578.353.
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In this paper an experimental investigation has been carried on, in order to determinate the different damage patterns and the corresponding entity on the surface of splined couplings with straight and crowned teeth, subjected to variable working loadings. In particular, experimental tests have performed by means of a dedicated test rig, allowing to realize different working conditions, as the angle between the axis of shaft and hub and also the presence of lubrication. Teeth surfaces after tests have been analyzed by considering as damage parameters both surface roughness and gap between teeth. Results show that the wear pattern on crowned teeth is completely different with respect to the straight ones; in both cases, the value of the misalignment angle and the presence of lubrication may substantially influence the entity of the surface damage.
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R. Citarella y M. Perrella. "Robust design of a polygonal shaft-hub coupling". Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale, n.º 34 (29 de septiembre de 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.34.61.
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In this work, the Taguchi method is applied for the optimal choice of design parameter values for a polygonal shaft-hub coupling. The objective is to maximize a performance function, minimizing, at the same time, its sensitivity to noises factors (robust design). The Design of Experiments (DoE) is adopted to set up a plan of numerical experiments, whose different configurations are simulated using the Boundary Element Method (BEM).
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Croccolo, Dario y Nicolò Vincenzi. "On the Design of Interference-Fitted and Adhesively Bonded Joints for Lightweight Structures". Journal of Mechanical Design 133, n.º 5 (1 de mayo de 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4003921.
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Interference-fitted and adhesively bonded joints are hybrid fastening systems that involve a hub (cylindrical or asymmetric) and a shaft (solid or hollow) locked together by both a frictional force (based on the radial pressure and the Coulomb friction law) and an adhesive strength generated at their coupling surfaces. Total interface forces allow the transmission of a high torque moment and/or a high axial force with respect to the joint dimension so that hybrid joints are demonstrated to be a smart solution for lightweight structures. This paper investigates the optimal combinations of geometrical parameters (ratios between internal and external diameters of the shaft and the hub) in order to maximize the axial load transmitted by the joint as well as to save the weight of the structure. Some design formulae, based on the maximum shear (Tresca) yield criterion, are proposed as a function of different materials for both the shaft and the hub (steel, aluminum, magnesium, and titanium).
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Cuffaro, Vincenzo, Francesca Curà y Andrea Mura. "Test Rig for Spline Couplings Working in Misaligned Conditions". Journal of Tribology 136, n.º 1 (7 de noviembre de 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4025656.
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This paper presents a novel spline couplings test rig. Its peculiarity is to allow angular misalignments between hub and shaft in order to investigate the behavior of spline couplings in real working conditions, in particular, to investigate fretting wear phenomena. A preliminary experimental activity has been carried out showing a correct behavior of the test rig from all points of view. A preliminary approximated estimation of the test articles fretting wear has been obtained by means of two experimental parameters: Ra roughness and the amount of angular rotation clearance. An estimation of the Ruiz parameter has also been obtained.