Tesis: "Sexual behavior surveys"

1

Prestage, Garrett School of Sociology UNSW. "Investigating sexuality : a personal review of homosexual behaviour, identities and subcultures in social research". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Sociology, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19353.

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This thesis investigates the relationship between identity, behaviour and desire to examine the nature of research among homosexually active men. The hypothesis is that samples of such men necessarily reflect the definitions of sexuality and homosexuality, and their interpretation, by both the researchers themselves and their research subjects, meaning that the research process itself is marked by the subjectivity of the field of sexuality. The relationship between the observer and the observed is intrinsic to research into homosexual subjectivity and the samples obtained, therefore, represent particular kinds of sexual subjects in a particular social and sexual cultural milieu. Research in this field has given pre-eminence to behaviour over identity and desire, and, as such, has usually failed to account for these differences in sexual subjectivities. To investigate this problem, I have reviewed the relevant literature both on subjectivity and on methodological approaches to research among homosexual men, and I have appraised my own ideological and personal relationships with the subject matter. I have examined the nature of the samples of homosexual men I have obtained during my work as a researcher within the Sydney gay community and reanalysed these with regard to the particular problematic I have identified. These investigations and analyses have shown that there are numerous differences within and between the various samples of homosexual men obtained, indicating that methodological frameworks can determine the nature of the samples obtained. These differences in samples also appear to reflect differences in the ways of enacting homosexual desire among the men in the studies. However, they also parallel differences in the definitions and understandings of the target population by the researchers themselves. These differences reflect differences in definition and understanding both of homosexuality and of the population of gay men, but they also represent differing patterns in the ways of being and living ?gay?, differences in sexual subjectivity. ?Gayness? and homosexuality, as concepts in research, are both the subjective basis on which the research endeavour itself is based, as well as its representational outcome.

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2

Hawkins, Alishea R. "Women's self-reports on sensitive topics : impact of context". Virtual Press, 2005. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1318615.

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Since Kinsey and his colleagues (Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard, 1948; 1953) first began to empirically examine human sexual behavior researchers have found that heterosexual men tend to report having had more sexual partners than heterosexual women. The purpose of the present study was to explore this phenomena using a within subject design. Participants were 124 undergraduate women who completed a packet of surveys on sensitive topics, such as sexuality, and body image, in two conditions: Anonymity Threat Condition: Participants were led to believe that the principle investigator would come in a view their responses while completing the surveys and Bogus Pipeline: Participants were led to believe that they were `hooked-up' to a lie detector. Results found within as well as between subject effects for measures of social desirability and one sexual attitude measure. However, these results did not generalize to the body image measures or sexual behavior questions.
Department of Psychological Science

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3

Wildschut, Alvino Vernal. "The construction of young musculine sexualities in rural Western Cape /". Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1312.

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4

Fitzwilson, Mary Ann. "Innocents lost : university sex surveys in the 1920s and the battle for sexual moral authority /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3074402.

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5

Ramrakha, Sandhya y n/a. "The link between mental health problems and sexual risk taking in a general population sample". University of Otago. Dunedin School of Medicine, 2009. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20090527.155127.

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This thesis examined whether mental health problems and sexual risk taking were associated in a general population sample and if so, the extent and direction of this association. The thesis begins with a review of theories of risk taking; sexual risk and mental health correlates; and the existing studies linking mental health and sexual risk taking. Three empirical studies were conducted. Study One produced new evidence that a range of psychiatric disorders were linked to early sex (<16 years), risky sex (multiple partners and inconsistent condom use in the past year at age 21) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by the age of 21 years. Young people who present with schizophrenia spectrum disorder were also prone to early and risky sex and STIs. Second, depression, the single most common psychiatric problem in the population, was also associated with risky sex and STIs. The risk increased with comorbid psychiatric conditions. Study Two addressed the issue of directionality, specifically examining if childhood behavioural and emotional problems and early adolescent psychiatric disorder predicted later sexual risk taking and STIs. Main findings showed that childhood antisocial behaviour increased the likelihood of risky and early sex, and that low levels of childhood anxiety increased the likelihood of later risky sex and having STIs. Involvement with delinquent peers mediated the association between childhood antisocial behaviour and risky and early sex. To a lesser degree, attachment to parents mediated the association between antisocial behaviour and early sex. These factors did not mediate the association between low levels of childhood anxiety and later sexual outcomes. No associations were found between adolescent psychiatric disorder and later sexual risk taking, with the exception of conduct disorder. However, it is important to note that by excluding the group who had early sex in order to establish temporality, other behaviours of interest exhibited by this group were also excluded. The third study examined whether sexual risk taking was associated with an increased risk of subsequent mental health problems, addressing the issue of directionality in the other direction. Main findings showed that reports of early sex, multiple sex partners and STIs elevated the risk of later substance dependence disorders. Importantly, this association persisted after controlling for �baseline� levels of psychiatric disorder. Early sex also predicted later conduct disorder, even after controlling for prior conduct disorder. In contrast, early sex, multiple sex partners and acquisition of STIs were unrelated to later diagnoses of anxiety or depression. The significant associations with multiple sex partners and STIs were also shown for incident cases of substance dependence. Moderation analyses revealed no differences between the sexes in any of the studies except in Study Three. Specifically, the association between multiple sex partners and substance dependence appeared to be stronger for males than females for up to 10 sex partners and substantially stronger for females than for males beyond ten sex partners. The final chapter in this thesis reviews the strengths and weaknesses of the studies in this thesis before considering the implications of the results for theory, research and practice.

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6

Jayatilaka, Y. M. C. N. B. Pantyp Ramasoota. "Use of condoms as HIV/AIDS preventive behavior among Sri Lankan adult male visitors in Thailand /". Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5038011.pdf.

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7

Richters, Juliet. "The social construction of sexual practice setting, sexual culture, and the body in casual sex between men /". Connect to this title online, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/352.

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8

Okonkwo, Amaechi Dickson. "Agency or structure? : Nigerian University students' perspectives of influences on sexual risk taking". Thesis, Swansea University, 2009. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42787.

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This thesis is about influences on young people's sexual risk taking. It is situated within a complex context of young people's sustained structural/self-sexualisation, significant sexual activity, unwanted outcomes such as sexually transmitted infections (STIs), intended benefits such as pleasure, and recurrent interventionists' promotion of abstinence-until-marriage sexual norm to young people. The above conceptualization is tested with a mixed-methodology that recruited fifty-six students with a snowball sampling technique. McCracken's long-interview and Stones' empirical research brackets for structuration theory facilitated narrative data collection, which were subjected to structural-hermeneutic analysis. Respondents identified four broad influences on their dominantly heterosexual behaviour. They include external influences (mass media), internal influences (positive pre-dispositions to premarital sex), agency (purposeful sexual action), and (un)intended outcome (STI and pleasure). Respondents emphasize that influences are non-hierarchical, differentially combine, and are dependent on individuals, contexts and seasons. They also infer the Nigerian context concurrently constrain and enable their sexual conducts via three normative sexual behaviour options. These are (1) the dominant Nigerian culture promoted abstinence-until-marriage. (2) Modernity sanctioned safer-sex with contraceptives. (3) Collective/individuated preference for unprotected premarital sex, periodic abstinence and contraceptive use. Respondents admit they practise the latter, which is a hybridization of option (1) and (2) and is illustrative of the co-influence of structure and agency on action. The conclusion is drawn that sexual risk taking is influenced by young people's concurrent structural/self sexualisation and their pursuit of contextual, personal and collectively meaningfial goals. Consequently, dominant linear conceptualizations of sexual risk taking, e.g. problem behaviour, will continue to be limited in effectiveness because they neglect these complex, recursive and interrelated influences. Thus, pragmatic efforts to manage risk-prone sexualities must concurrently engage their complex structural and agential sources, governed by safer-sex promotion, a recognition of multiple influences and individuated/collective value that both society and young people attach to sex.

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9

Dashlooty, Ashraf. "Sexual coercion among year 11 and year 12 high school students". University of Western Australia. School of Human Movement and Exercise Science, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0079.

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Adolescence is a time of accelerated physical and sexual growth, and many students become sexually active before they finish secondary schooling. Unfortunately, many adolescents and young adults experience sexual coercion in their intimate relationships. Sexual coercion is defined broadly as verbal or physical pressure to engage in sexual activity. This study sought to examine sexual coercion experiences of Year 11-12 high school, male and female students in their peer dating and relationships. Before retrieving such information, a modified Sexual Experiences Survey (SES) questionnaire was designed. This was named the Adolescent Dating and Relationship Survey (ADRS) which, subsequently, was examined by experts in the area, and validated via a pilot study using 30 university students. Thirdly, the study administered the ADRS to 341, Year 11 and Year 12 students to examine how they responded to their sexually coercive experiences. The participants were actively engaging in relationship behaviours, with nearly 50% of the females and 70% of the males reporting a relationship with a partner of the same age. However, significantly more females dated older partners and, conversely, more male students were involved with younger partners. The female students tended to have longer relationships than the males, especially for relationships of 9 to 12 months or longer. Participants did not report sexual coercion experiences via threat or blackmail, nor were the males threatened with a weapon. The most frequently cited forms of coercion by both female and male students were: made to feel guilty, being plied with alcohol and/or other drugs, being pressured by begging and/or arguing, and being lied to. However, the female students reported being physically restrained significantly more than the males. As a group they responded to these sexually coercive acts via all forms 2 measured except the males, who did not resort to either fighting off or yelling. Talking about the experience later was the response commonly reported by the students. Further, female students responded to sexual coercion by saying either,

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10

Sovannary, Tuot Pimpawan Boonmongkon. "Passion, pleasure and danger : the study of sexual culture of male seasonal migrant workers in Phnom Penh, Cambodia /". Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737912.pdf.

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11

Musabaeka, True Shame. "Gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe". Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/308.

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This study sought to establish gender perceptual differences and their effects on the implementation of Policy in the prevention of HIV/AIDS in Makoni District, Zimbabwe. The role of women as caregivers to HIV/AIDS sufferers is also highlighted and how this has deprived them towards social, political and economic development. The source of the data used was the World Health Organisation (WHO) project on Family Planning and AIDS. The sample of the study comprised of 100 men and women from Makoni District, Zimbabwe. In addition to the survey question, focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted. The FGD data complimented the survey results with qualitative information. The objectives of the study looked at people’s attitudes, cultural practices and sexual practices. These were analysed to determine how the gender issues within them affected the HIV/AIDS prevention strategies. The five major prevention strategies focused on in this study are: · promotion of condom use; · reduction of the number of sexual partners; · sticking to one sexual partner; · control and Treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); and · Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for HIV to prevent vertical transmission of the disease. Although, the majority of the women indicated that it was acceptable for a married woman to ask her husband to use condoms, this was disputed by the findings from the FGDs. Issues of trust and fidelity were raised,but many men and women reported that they were not prepared to confront one another. The FGD results revealed that the men assert that it is normal for every man to have extra marital relationships, therefore they do not see anything wrong with it. It also came out that there are women who both have no income or partner to support them financially and are living in absolute poverty. These women, if anything, are more likely to increase the number of their sexual partners than reduce them so that they increase their economic base inorder to support their families. It has been established that for effective treatment and control of STDs, there is need for both partners to cooperate and seek treatment at the same time. However, the findings from this study revealed that lack of communication between sexual partners hampered the treatment of these diseases. On the other hand, the men indicated that talking to their wives about STDs would compel them to say where they got it. On the other hand the women reported that their men would accuse them of infidelity if they told them of an STD. FGD results however revealed that men and women were prepared to have HIV testing so that they would know of their status before planning a family. The gender perceptual differences on HIV/AIDS prevention have been identified as follows: · the need for male compliance to use condoms effectively; · the fear of losing trust by suggesting condom use; and · acceptance of male promiscuity by society that perpetuates that risky behaviour and exposure to HIV/AIDS infection and lack of communication between sexual partners, are a hindrance for effective control and treatment of STDs.

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12

Kress, Stephanie C. "Women's risk of sexual coercion through type of responding personality characteristics and typical behaviors /". View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-2/rp/kresss/stephaniekress.pdf.

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13

Dunn, Kerri F. "Degrading pornography: A male perspective". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/783.

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Non-violent, degrading pornography -- Ratings of degradation and arousal -- Men vs. women -- Male reations to video depictions of sexually explicit behavior, status reduction, availability, semen/penis worship, dominance, status inequality, submission, objectification, and unreciprocated sex.

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14

Placencia, Mary Louise. "Condom use in 15-19 year old adolescent girls before and after initiating hormonal contraception". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2002. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2123.

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This study provides data suggesting that adolescent girls who receive education and hormonal contraceptive methods at a school-based clinic in the Fontana Unified School District, are more likely to have a signficant improvement in condom use, which improves safe sex practices and reduces the risks of sexually transmitted diseases.

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15

Wildschutt, Alvino Vernal. "The construction of young masculine sexualities in rural Western Cape". Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2702.

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Thesis (MPhil (Sociology and Social Anthropology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.
It is widely accepted that South African youth are particularly at risk of unplanned pregnancies and infection with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Research addressing the issue of HIV and reproductive health problems among young adolescents has largely focused on exploring the sexual behaviour of young women. The perceptions and attitudes of young men toward sexuality have been neglected, thus perpetuating gender bias. It is argued that the dominant focus on women is a flawed strategy for prevention and that researchers also need to listen to the voices of young men when it comes to studying sexuality (Thorpe, 2002; Morrell, 2002). The aim of this study is to explore how adolescent men in rural communities in the Western Cape experience and construct a masculine sexuality. Two-hundred-and-thirty-one Coloured adolescent men aged 12 to 20, who attend a rural high school in the Langeberg District, Western Cape, completed selfadministered anonymous questionnaires. The aim was to document (1) the range and extent of rural adolescent males’ sexual behaviour and (2) to determine the levels of knowledge and perceptions that rural adolescent men have regarding condom use and contraceptives, as well as the sources from which they receive their knowledge. Of the sample, 37.9% had had sexual intercourse before, 41% never used contraceptives when having sexual intercourse and almost 60% believed that the use of contraception is the women’s responsibility. In addition, 21 individual interviews were conducted with both sexually active and non- active rural adolescent men to understand how they construct a masculine sexuality. Interviews revealed that young men generally regret their first sexual experience and that the experience of having sexual intercourse does not necessarily prove that you are a ‘real man’. According to some of these young men, masculinity is not proven via sexual coercion or sexual intercourse, but being gentle and caring at all times. However, male-to-male sex is not considered masculine, but just perceived to be ‘morsig’ (disgusting).

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16

Mao, Limin. "Gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney : cultural, social and cognitive factors associated with sex practices /". Connect to this title online, 2002. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20030303.112942/index.html.

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17

Flood, Michael. "Lust, trust, and latex why young heterosexual men don't use condoms /". Connect to this title online, 2000. http://thesis.anu.edu.au/public/adt-ANU20011205.151419/index.html.

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18

Mao, Limin Education Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney: cultural, social and cognitive factors associated with sex practices". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Education, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18763.

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Using the perspectives of individualism-collectivism, Social Cognitive Theory and other concepts such as gay community attachment, this study focused on issues of homosexual identification, disclosure and sexual risk practices in relation to cross-cultural differences among gay Asian and Caucasian men in Sydney. Mostly recruited from gay social venues, 19 gay Asian men participated in exploratory focus groups discussions, another 201 gay Caucasian and 199 gay Asian men completed an anonymous questionnaire, and a further 10 gay Caucasian and 9 gay Asian men took part in in-depth one-to-one interviews. The major findings were: gay Asian men tended to experience conflict, in being both gay and Asian, related to individualism and collectivism; the gay Asian and Caucasian men differed in various aspects of homosexual practice, but shared certain sexual traits and practices; self-efficacy in safe sex and gay community attachment were key factors associated with gay men???s sexual risk practices (???risk??? being defined as unprotected anal intercourse with any casual partners or with a regular partner whose HIV status was not concordant with the participant???s). This study provides evidence that the inclusion of individualism-collectivism, social cognitive variables and gay community factors in the examination of homosexual identity and practice among men of different cultural backgrounds holds promise. It further suggests that educational programs to encourage safe sex will continue to yield benefits from increasing individual awareness, confidence and ability to effectively deal with situations that could pose risks of HIV transmission.

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19

Ihenacho, Kelechi Nkeiruka y Christina Nicole Burden. "The influence of gender scripts on African American college student condom use". CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3329.

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This study examines how African American gender scripts influence condom use for disease and pregnancy prevention. One-hundred African American California State University, San Bernardino (CSUSB) students were selected to participate in this study. Fifty African American males and fifty African American females were surveyed for this study to be representative of the African American community on campus.

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20

Freeman, Justin W. "Male sexual behavior : revisiting the EIU sexual experience survey and report /". View online, 2000. http://ia301506.us.archive.org/2/items/malesexualbehavi00free/malesexualbehavi00free.pdf.

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21

Wilson, Jodi L. "Sexual Behavior Among Ohio Youth: An Analysis of Data from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1560866752557457.

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22

Killackey, Eoin Joseph y mikewood@deakin edu au. "The development of a model to explain the sexual beliefs, intentions and behaviours of adolescents and young adults". Deakin University. School of Psychology, 2000. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050728.112619.

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In the last thirty years there have been many research studies which have examined the reasons why adolescents and young adults engage in sexual behaviours. Most of these studies have lacked a theoretical basis, Consequently there are many links made between variables, but no consistency across studies, or attempts to develop an underlying theory to explain the results. However, there have been theoretical models developed to explain adolescents and young adults sexual decision making. Unfortunately, many of these models have not been empirically validated. This thesis attempts to address these deficiencies in the literature by utilising a theory of behaviour and applying it to adolescent and young adult sexual decision making. This theory is the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). Two longitudinal studies were conducted to examine the utility of an adaptation of the TPB to sexual decision making among adolescents and young adults. In the first study 58 adolescent males, aged between 14 years and 18 years participated in a longitudinal study using a questionnaire adapted from the Depth of Sexual Involvement Scale. In the second study, 194 young adults (156 female, 38 male) aged between 18 years and 21 years participated in a similar study. The first study found that intention to engage in behaviour was well predicted, although some of the variables in the model, did not in fact, contribute significantly to the prediction. The prediction of behaviour was less strong than that of intention. Study two found that intention to engage in behaviours was well predicted by the model. However, the degree to which intention led to behaviour was not well predicted. Overall, the results of these studies suggest that the TPB is a good theoretical basis from which to launch a systematic and theoretically informed explanation of adolescent and young adult sexual decision making. However, other factors may need to be added to the model to fully describe the decision making process and accurately predict behaviour. Suggestions are made for future research, as well as interventions that may arise as more knowledge is gathered using this paradigm.

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23

Turchik, Jessica A. "IDENTIFICATION OF SEXUAL RISK BEHAVIORS AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTS: A NEW MEASURE OF SEXUAL RISK". Ohio : Ohio University, 2007. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1169848207.

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24

Teeranee, Techasrivichien. "Changes in Sexual Behavior and Attitudes across Generations and Gender among a Population-Based Probability Sample from an Urbanizing Province in Thailand". Kyoto University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195965.

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Final publication is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0429-5. Teeranee Techasrivichien, Niphon Darawuttimaprakorn, Sureeporn Punpuing, Patou Masika Musumari, Bhekumusa Wellington Lukhele, Christina El-saaidi, S. Pilar Suguimoto, Mitchell D. Feldman, Masako Ono-Kihara, Masahiro Kihara "Changes in Sexual Behavior and Attitudes Across Generations and Gender Among a Population-Based Probability Sample From an Urbanizing Province in Thailand" Archives of Sexual Behavior 2014.
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(医学)
甲第18679号
医博第3951号
新制||医||1007(附属図書館)
31612
京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻
(主査)教授中山健夫, 教授福原俊一, 教授中原俊隆
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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25

Ningpuanyeh, Wilson Chialepeh. "Determinants of youth sexual behaviours and knowledge of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Malawi : evidenced from the Demographic Health Survey 2010". University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4759.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The sexual behaviour of youths is believed to play a role in the spread of SexuallyTransmitted Infections (STIs) and Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs). This study examinesthe determinants of youth sexual behaviours and knowledge of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Malawi. It explores rural/urbandifferentials in sexual behaviours using indicators such as early sexual initiation, multiplesexual partnerships, and non-use of condoms, in order to establish policy recommendationstoward improving sexual behaviour among youths. The Malawi Demographic Health Survey2010 data was used. Out of a sample of 2987 males and 9559 females aged 15-24 years,5652 females and 1405 males (condom use), 675 females and 511 males (inconsistentcondom use), 6470 females and 2026 males (multiple sexual partnerships (MSP)), and 15217females and 1405 males (early sexual debut) were filtered in the study.Chi-square and logistic regression techniques were performed to test for association betweensexual behaviour indicators and socio-demographic variables. The prevalence of non-use ofcondom was higher among catholic females (OR=1.11), lower among Muslim males (OR=0.81) and higher among CCAP females (OR=1.19). Muslim females were (OR=1.42) more likely to initiate sexual activities early, while Muslim males were (OR= 0.57) less likelyto initiate sexually activities early. Females in the central region (OR=1.51) and catholicmales (OR=1.63) were more likely to have more sexual partners.Encouraging these young people to be faithful to one uninfected partner, abstinence fromsexual activities, use condoms consistently and delay sexual initiation will help curb the spread of STIs in Malawi.

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26

Cherner, Rebecca A. "Psychophysiology of the Sexuality of Women with Lifelong Vaginismus: A Matched Controlled Thermography and Survey Investigation of Sexual Function, Behaviour, and Physiological Arousal". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23539.

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Vaginismus is defined as a persistent difficulty with vaginal entry, despite a woman’s expressed wish, due to muscle tension, avoidance, and/or pain (Basson et al., 2003). The disorder is classified as a sexual dysfunction; however, there is a paucity of literature on the sexual response, sexual function, and sexual behaviour of women with vaginismus. This thesis research was designed to investigate the differential aspects of sexual health in women with lifelong vaginismus, compared to women with lifelong dyspareunia (pain with intercourse) and women with pain-free intercourse. In the first study, 45 women viewed erotic films, of which one set depicted penetration and the other did not. Physiological sexual arousal was assessed via thermography. Subjective responses to films were assessed with questionnaires. Despite significantly greater negative emotions and lower mental sexual arousal in response to erotic stimuli, women with vaginismus showed genital arousal comparable to the comparison groups. In the second study, 174 women completed an online survey. Women with vaginismus reported more sexual difficulties than the no-pain group and a restricted range of lifetime sexual behaviours and lower frequency of intercourse attempts/experiences than the comparison groups. Women with vaginismus and dyspareunia reported more anxiety during sexual activity and a restricted sexual behaviour repertoire in the previous year and month compared to the no-pain group. Women with vaginismus endorsed more negative cognitions related to penetration, specifically concerns about losing control of their body and the situation. The findings suggest that sexual function difficulties and restricted behavioural repertoire may be associated with negative emotions and maladaptive cognitions. Women with vaginismus may avoid encounters that could lead to intercourse. Alternatively, the negative response to sexual stimuli may be indicative of a more global negative response to sexuality beyond intercourse. The negative penetration-related cognitions, negative responses to sexual stimuli, anxiety during sexual activity, and reduced range and frequency of sexual behaviours of women with vaginismus provide support for the Fear-Avoidance Model of Vaginismus. The impairment in sexual functioning supports the need to move beyond the singular treatment focus of making intercourse possible to an approach that addresses overall sexual rehabilitation.

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27

Bauder, Christina Rose. "“We are not Minorities, we have been Minoritized”: Exploring sexual violence and suicidal thoughts and behaviors among Ohio youth with oppressed identities using the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey". The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618490257273101.

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28

Conner, Donnie Gray. "Reactions of gay men to AIDS: A survey of self-reported change relative to self-concept, intimacy and sexual behavior". W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618679.

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The purpose of this exploratory study was to investigate the impact of the AIDS crisis on gay men relative to self-concept, intimacy, and sexual behavior changes. Additionally, this research examined the sources, amount, and accuracy of AIDS information currently available to gay men in a middle-sized, urban area.;The sample for the study consisted entirely of adult, self-identified gay men who were anonymous volunteers recruited through a networking process. The research design for this status study was a within group comparison which utilized non-probability, purposive sampling procedures.;It was concluded that gay men, participating in this study, utilize a wide variety of mainstream and gay oriented information sources and that they have extensive and accurate information on AIDS. It was concluded also that while gay men's self-concepts and personal adjustment have not been significantly affected by the AIDS crisis, intimacy levels have increased and sexual behavior changes have occurred for a large majority of the sample. The investigation identified further a significant relationship between accuracy of AIDS knowledge and the extent of change in sexual practices.;Further study is needed in this area making use of a more diverse sample so as to increase the external validity of the study's findings. Additionally, the possibility of homophobia as perceived by gay men relative to family, church, and professional service providers needs to be explored. Finally, the effect of the AIDS crisis on gay male relationships merits close examination.

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29

Kasilima, Yosh Sospater. "Knowledge, Attitude and Sexual Behaviors with Regard to HIV/AIDS among Upper Primary School Pupils in Meru District, Arusha, Tanzania". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8343_1299559787.

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A cross- sectional descriptive study using a self-administered close-ended questionnaire was conducted with pupils in standards four to seven (aged 10 &ndash
17 years) in ten government primary schools in Meru District. The sample of 400 school pupils was obtained by a simple random sampling technique. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (version 15) computer software and the results were presented in frequencies using simple percentages, tables and graphs. The Chi-square test was used to assess the significance where a p-value of <
0.05 was considered statistically significant. In conclusion, Primary school pupils in Meru district engage in several risky sexual behaviors including substance use, sexual coercion, early sexual debut and engaging in various sexual practices. This calls for a more comprehensive approach in the fight against HIV among primary school children in Tanzania, which could include life skill training at an early age, behaviour change communication interventions, advocacy activities to influence policy formulation, condom promotion and incorporating key stakeholders in the rollout of school based HIV programmes such as parents, community leaders and faith-based organizations leaders.

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30

Tsik, Chung-hong Joseph. "A study of the sexual knowledge, attitudes and behaviour of the Hong Kong high school students : implications for teaching young people about sexuality /". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13991590.

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31

Hidaka, Yasuharu. "Substance use and sexual behaviours of Japanese men who have sex with men : a nationwide Internet survey conducted in Japan". 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/137046.

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32

Adie, Achinyang O. "Knowledge of and attitudes towards HIV and risky sexual behaviour among adolescent secondary school students in Bekwarra, Nigeria". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3720_1360592074.

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Aim: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of the transmission and prevention of HIV/AIDS among secondary school students in Bekwarra, Cross River State, Nigeria
to appraise the students&rsquo
attitudes towards HIV/AIDS
to describe the risky sexual and other behaviours they engaged in and what factors influenced such behaviours. This study was conducted in the area to systematically examine the widely held notion that adolescents were deviating from the strict sexual mores of the Bekwarra people, thereby exposing themselves to the risk of acquiring HIV. Methods: Information was collected using a cross-sectional survey based on a 64 item questionnaire adapted from the Family Health International HIV/AIDS/STD Behavioural . Surveillance Surveys. A random sample of 381 male and female students aged 14 to 18 selected from 12 secondary schools participated in the survey. Results: The level of general awareness of HIV/AIDS was high - 56.9% of participants knew how HIV is transmitted - but their knowledge of STI symptoms was low. Only 24.7% knew at least two STI symptoms in women, while only 20.7% knew at least two STI symptoms in men. One hundred and twenty three (32.2%) students constituting 68 males (17.8%) and 55 females (14.4%) had experienced sexual intercourse. The mean age at first sexual experience was 15.06 years for males and 14.95 years for female students. There was a statistical association between age and experience of sexual intercourse (p = .024). Two thirds (65.0%) of the 123 sexually experienced students had intercourse in the last six months, and only 30 of them (24.4%) had used a condom during their last intercourse. The use of condom was most frequent (10.6%) at age 18 and least frequent (.8%) at age 14. About one quarter (26.1%) of the students had taken
alcohol: 17.3% occasionally, 5.5% moderately, and 2.6% frequently. There was a statistical association between taking alcohol and age (p = .038). Over a half (56.1%) of those who had not had sexual intercourse also had not taken alcohol. In contrast, 14.2% had sexual intercourse and also took alcohol, indicating significant statistical association (p <
.001). 66.8% of the students had neither used drugs nor taken alcohol, whilst 6.8% had both used drugs and taken alcohol, indicating significant association, (p <
.001). There was a similar association between sexual intercourse and using drugs, (p = .002). Conclusions: The study revealed significant high risk sexual behaviour among adolescents in Bekwarra. The high level of risky sexual behaviour and lack of basic knowledge about STIs indicated that access to information is currently insufficient. Health and educational authorities in Bekwarra should utilize the key findings highlighted from this study to design more effective local strategies for sexual health promotion that may help to slow the spread of STIs including HIV/AIDS. Intensive child-friendly programmes for pre-teenagers organized by educators to promote postponement of the early initiation of sexual intercourse may be effective. For adolescents who are unable to control their sexual initiation, improved education on safe sexual practices, especially the use of condoms appears to be necessary.

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33

Kingbo, Marie Huguette Kayi Akpedje. "Association Of Socio Demographic Characteristics With Condom Used At Last Sexual Intercourse Among Adults 15 To 49 Years Between Côte D’Ivoire And Senegal An Examination Of Measure Demographic Health Survey Data 2005". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/275.

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Background: HIV/AIDS is one of the world’s most serious health challenges. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the region most heavily affected by HIV, with 69% of the people living with HIV in the world. Côte d'Ivoire has a high HIV prevalence rate and Senegal a low prevalence rate. The main research question is whether or not the HIV risk behavior of Ivorian differs from the HIV risk behavior of Senegalese in terms of selected categorical and continuous variables. In other words, if using condoms at last sexual intercourse differs between Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Measure Demographic and Health Survey (MDHS) involving 9,686 Ivorian and 18,363 Senegalese from 2005 were used. The Pearson Chi-square test were performed to determine any significant relationship between the variables across the two countries with respect to socio-demographic and HIV risky behaviors status. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to test the significance of any association between the independent and the dependent variables (Condoms used at last sexual intercourse). Throughout all the analysis performed, a p-value of 0.05 and confidence interval of 95% were used to determine any statistical significance. Results: Logistic regression models showed that Côte d’Ivoire respondents had decrease odds of using condoms during their last sexual intercourse (OR=0.7; 95% CI 0.62 - 0.79) as compared to Senegal and the difference was statistically significant at p < 0.05. In Côte d’Ivoire and Senegal, wealth and education have been consistently found to be positively associated with condoms used at last sexual intercourse. Conclusion: HIV risk behaviors seem to be associated with condoms used and marital status. The results in our study suggest a possible relation with condoms used, HIV prevalence and polygamy in Senegal, so men use condoms less frequently with marital partners. More studies need to assess the role of polygamy in the transmission and/or acquisition of HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa. Key words: HIV/AIDS, Risky behaviors, Condoms used, Côte d’Ivoire, Senegal

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34

Rodohan, Eamonn Patrick. "Criminalisation for sexual transmission of HIV : emerging issues and the impact upon clinical psychology practice in the UK". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/5873.

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Objective: Criminal liability for the sexual-transmission of HIV raises complex questions for both clinicians and service-users regarding their responsibilities and legal obligations to disclose information to others. This is the first research study to address the impact of these issues upon everyday clinical and professional management in the UK. The prevalence and incidence of clinical and HIV-legal issues reported by the 107 psychologists sampled are reported. Design: A cross-sectional approach comprising two components was utilised: Firstly, questionnaire survey (Response rate 22%) scoping the experiences of practice issues among psychologists from sexual-health and generic settings. Attitudes towards HIV-prosecutions and various measures of professional self-efficacy were also collected. Secondly, three focus groups (N=15) exploring the impact of practice issues upon clinicians’ likely confidentiality breaking behaviours. Methods: Clinical and legal issues are presented. Further statistical analyses explored the interaction of various demographic, clinical and attitudinal variables upon clinician’s perceived self-efficacy. Focus Group transcripts analysed using Thematic Analysis (Data-driven approach) with eight emergent themes. Results: Although no direct involvements in police investigations reported, two instances of psychology notes being subpoenaed plus multiple ‘near miss’ clinical experiences described. High proportions of sexual-health psychologists experienced HIV-clients disclosing problematic behaviours, including intentional transmission (9%; N=5) and/or ‘reckless’ behaviour (72%). Focus groups expressed high levels of anxiety regarding these scenarios associated to multiple influences (interpersonal, clinician, professional and service factors). Quantitative and qualitative results were triangulated to provide a detailed analysis of how psychologists manage the clinical impact of the issues. Conclusions: Psychologists broadly supported HIV-prosecutions for intentional transmission (81%) but only limited support around ‘reckless’ cases (44%), particularly among those sexual-health experienced. Those ‘critical’ attempted to mitigate the impact of legal issues by proactively raising awareness among HIV-clients and resisting overly-defensive service changes; whereas those ‘less-critical’ were more accepting. Clinical, training and therapeutic implications are briefly considered.

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35

Frieslaar, Farzanah. "Knowledge and perceptions about HIV among adolescent girls and young women aged 15 – 24 years: associations with HIV testing and sexual behaviour – a sub-study of the 2012 South African National HIV Household survey". Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32621.

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Background. While much progress has been made, HIV remains a major global public health problem. South Africa remains home to the highest number of people living with HIV (7.1 million) in the world. Despite remarkable progress in the past decade, adolescent girls and young women aged 15-24 (AGYW) remain at higher risk of HIV exposure and infection than other groups. We do not know enough about AGYW HIV knowledge and perceptions, although it is likely an important factor to consider in AGYW's HIV risk. This paper investigates knowledge and perceptions about HIV risk behaviours and explores associations with demographic and behavioral characteristics among AGYW in South Africa. Methods. This sub-study is based on the 2012 South African National HIV Prevalence, Incidence and Behaviour Survey, a cross-sectional population-based household survey. A multistage stratified cluster sampling approach was employed to select the study population. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine associations or factors which were associated with HIV knowledge. Results. Among the sample of 3700 AGYW aged 15-24 years, White [OR=2.44 (95% CI: 1.48-4.03), p=0.001] and Indian [OR=3.85 (95% CI: 2.39-6.18), p=0.000] AGYW were associated with high HIV knowledge compared to Black Africans. AGYW in urban informal [OR=0.64 (95% CI: 0.45-0.90), p=0.011] and rural informal [OR=0.57 (95% CI: 0.33-0.98), p=0.043] were associated with low HIV knowledge compared to urban formal settings. AGYW in Eastern Cape [OR=0.69 (95% CI: 0.48-1.00), p=0.048], KwaZulu-Natal [OR=0.69 (95% CI: 0.48-0.99), p=0.044], North West [OR=0.50 (95% CI: 0.32-0.77), p=0.002] and Limpopo [OR=0.44 (95% CI: 0.27-0.71), p=0.001] provinces were associated with low HIV knowledge compared to AGYW in Western Cape. Unemployed AGYW were associated with low HIV knowledge [OR=0.57, p=0.001]. While AGYW with higher levels of education: grade 12 [OR=1.66 (95% CI: 1.04-2.64), p=0.034] and tertiary [OR=2.68 (95% CI: 1.47-4.89), p=0.001] were associated with high HIV knowledge. AGYW having had sex in the last 12 months were associated with high HIV knowledge [OR=1.70 (95% CI: 1.08-2.72), p=0.023]. On the contrary, having multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months was associated with low HIV knowledge [OR= 0.60 (95%CI: 0.39-0.99), p=0.045] compared to AGYW that had 1 sexual partner in the last 12 months. AGYW with a low risk of alcohol use were associated with high HIV knowledge [OR=1.4 (95% CI: 1.02-1.87), p=0.039] compared to AGYW that abstained from alcohol. The final multivariate logistic regression model showed that AGYW in urban informal settings have low HIV knowledge [aOR=0.59 (95% CI: 0.35-0.99), p=0.046] among all geotypes. Conclusion. Overall, the main findings show a lack of knowledge among AGYW across race, geotype, province and sexual activity. More specifically that low HIV knowledge was associated with AGYW who were Black South Africans, living in informal settings, from Eastern Cape, KwaZulu Natal, North West and Limpopo, unemployed, had lower levels of education, and have multiple sexual partners. However, in the final multivariate analysis, only geotype stood out, indicating that there is an HIV knowledge deficit in urban informal settings. This can be addressed through the promotion of knowledge through education, equitable and accessible availability of education and sexual and reproductive health services, and HCT and support among AGYW living in urban informal settings.

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36

Lewis, James E. "Childhood Abuse, Religiosity, and Opioid Use: Findings from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions Data". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3678.

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Religiosity is adopting a belief system surrounding concepts of purpose, meaning, and value through an institution that has already defined these concepts prior to the individual member attending and that member’s degree of participation. Religiosity does have protective factors against negative health outcomes. This protective influence was evaluated in this study. Data from Wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions were examined to learn about the relationship between protective effects of religious participation on substance abuse, and whether this association weakened for individuals who have experienced higher levels of childhood abuse. A binary logistic regression was completed to examine this relationship. Religiosity does decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder for lower levels of childhood maltreatment, but only slightly. In extreme cases of sexual, emotional, and physical abuse, religiosity does not decrease the likelihood of experiencing an opioid use disorder.

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37

Borgato, Neiva Maria. "Gravidez adolescente = indesejada para quem?" [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/281224.

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Orientador: Maria Coleta Ferreira Albino de Oliveira
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T14:02:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Borgato_NeivaMaria_M.pdf: 915381 bytes, checksum: 8696158447b9f47c07f7a10b18d5e462 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Os dados censitários mostram que, no Brasil desde 1980, as taxas específicas de fecundidade diminuíram em todos os grupos etários (considerando o período reprodutivo da mulher 15-49 anos), exceto no segmento de 15-19 anos. O tema da gravidez na adolescência ganhou espaço na pesquisa e na mídia. Contudo, seu tratamento é permeado por uma série de suposições e de preconceitos. A ideia de que essa faixa etária não é apropriada para a reprodução é o ponto de partida para muitos trabalhos. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo principal analisar o contexto em que ocorre a gravidez entre os 15 e 19 anos. A partir dos dados da PNDS 2006, procuramos traçar um perfil das mulheres que engravidaram antes dos 20 anos. Para tanto abordamos temas como a iniciação sexual, o conhecimento dos métodos anticoncepcionais, o desejo e as percepções sobre a gravidez. Com o objetivo de investigar mais de perto as concepções de gênero e reprodução nesta faixa etária foi realizado também um trabalho de campo qualitativo entre os adolescentes do Programa de Atenção Integral a Saúde do Adolescente (PAISA), do município de Bragança Paulista (SP). Interessa avaliar os valores que estão em jogo no caso da gravidez considerada no senso comum - e até certo ponto pelas próprias adolescentes - como precoce
Abstract: Census data show that since 1980 the specific fertility rates in Brazil declined in all age groups (considering the reproductive period of women aged 15-49 years), except for the segment of 15-19 years. The issue of teenage pregnancy gained interest both from the media and from researchers. However, it is permeated by a series of assumptions and prejudices. The idea that this age group is not suitable for reproduction is the starting point for many analyses. This research aims to analyzing the context in which pregnancy occurs between 15 and 19 years. Based on 2006 PNDS data, we intend to outline a profile of women who became pregnant before the age of 20. For that we approach issues such as sexual initiation, knowledge of contraception, the desire and perceptions about pregnancy. A qualitative fieldwork among the adolescents of the Program of Integral Attention to Adolescent Health (Programa de Atenção Integral a Saúde do Adolescente - PAISA), in the city of Bragança Paulista (SP) has also been conducted. The intent was to investigate more closely the conceptions of gender and reproduction in this age group. To evaluate values at stake in the case of pregnancy considered as a too early experience both by common sense and, to some extent, by the very adolescents themselves has been a major interest
Mestrado
Demografia
Mestre em Demografia

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38

Seutlwadi, Lebogang. "Adolescents' knowledge about abortion and emergency contraception a survey study". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002561.

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Adolescents have become focal points of discussions and debates regarding sexuality and reproductive health matters. However, little research has been done particularly in South Africa to examine their knowledge concerning abortion and emergency contraception. Research indicates that a substantial proportion of adolescent pregnancies are unintended or unwanted. Abortion and emergency contraception are both time-sensitive services. Thus having accurate and comprehensive knowledge about both abortion and emergency contraception is pivotal, in the case of unintended or unwanted pregnancy or when engaging in unprotected sex or experiencing contraceptive failure that could lead to pregnancy. The 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) defined reproductive health rights for both men and women as the right to "decide freely and responsibly the number, spacing and timing of their children and to have the information and means to do so" (p. 60). That is, men and women should "have the right to make decisions concerning their reproduction free of discrimination, violence and coercion" (ICPD, 1994, p.60). Based on these definitions, it is rather evident that comprehensive and accurate knowledge are at the core of one's ability to make an informed consent. This is confirmed by Adler's (1992, p. 289) definition of informed consent or choice "a) access to sufficient information b) understanding the information c) competence to evaluate potential consequences d) freedom to make a choice and e) the ability to make and express that choice". It is from this framework that this study emerged. The aim of this study was to examine adolescents' knowledge concerning abortion and emergency contraception. The participants were Grade 11 learners between the ages of 15-24 years from five different schools in the Buffalo City Municipality. A sample of 514 was achieved. Data were analysed using descriptive cross-tabulation, chi-square and qualitative methods where appropriate. The results revealed that most of the participants did not have sufficient accurate knowledge concerning the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act, consequences of legal abortion and emergency contraceptive pills to make informed decisions. Furthermore, data also revealed that the participants' schools playa role in their sexual activity, their knowledge about the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act and about emergency contraceptive pills. Although this method made it feasible for the researcher to make general assumptions, non-responses were one of the limitations of the study. Similar research in various municipalities/cities in and outside the Eastern Cape is recommended so as to increase further awareness concerning the level of knowledge that adolescents have about contraceptive pills particularly emergency contraceptive pills, the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act and abortion in general.

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39

Forrester, Trina K. "Intimate Partner Violence Predictors in an International Context: An Analysis of the International Violence against Women Survey". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19915.

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Using the International Violence Against Women Survey (IVAWS), this paper identifies factors contributing to women’s individual risk of being victimized by their current intimate partner. Additionally, this analysis examines the overlap of physical and sexual violence within intimate relationships. Past research into IPV has identified a numerous predictor variables. Adapting nine such variables (controlling behaviours, male heavy drinking, female only income, female past marriage, female past IPV, respondents’ age, relationship duration, relationship status and violence outside the home) to the IVAWS dataset, a framework identifying risk patterns for physical and sexual violence was developed. The results identify a number of variables that performed as expected and increased a women’s risk of being a victim of IPV; however, some variables decreased women’s risk and therefore acted as protective factors. These findings suggest that IPV at the country level is more complex and requires additional research to fully explain the variation observed.

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40

Browning, James R. "A comprehensive inventory of sexual motives". Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=813796991&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1233784286&clientId=23440.

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41

Gailliot, Matthew Thomas Baumeister Roy F. "Self-regulation and sexual restraint dispositionally and temporarily poor self-regulatory abilities contribute to failures at restraining sexual behavior /". Diss., 2005. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-06012005-115942.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005.
Advisor: Dr. Roy F. Baumeister, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Psychology. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 21, 2005). Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 49 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

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42

Prestage, Garrett. "Investigating sexuality : a personal review of homosexual behaviour, identities and subcultures in social research /". 2002. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20030205.140500/index.html.

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43

Dir, Allyson L. "Understanding sexting behaviors, sexting expectancies, and the role of impulsivity in sexting behaviors". Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/3358.

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Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
Sexting, defined as the exchange of sexually explicit materials via the Internet or mobile phones, is an increasingly common risky behavior; however, little is known about why people sext. The goals of the study were to (1) review the sparse literature on sexting, (2) identify key information yet to be answered by the current literature, (3) describe how personality and social learning might influence the risk for sexting, (4) empirically examine the factor structure of the newly developed Sextpectancies Measure, and (5) empirically examine how sensation seeking and sexual arousal-related expectancies might interact to predict sexting. Participants: Participants were undergraduate students at a large, public US, mid-western university (N = 611). The mean age was 21.2 (SD = 5.4) and the sample was 77.3% female. Design: A series of correlational, reliability, and hierarchical regressions were conducted to examine relationships between sensation seeking, sexting frequency, and sexual arousal sexting expectancies. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted based on two proposed models of the Sextpectancies Measure. Findings: Sensation seeking significantly predicted sexting frequency (β = .215, p < .001). Sexual arousal sexting expectancies significantly predicted sexting frequency (β = .428, p < .001), and sexual arousal expectancies partially mediated the relationship between sensation seeking and sexting frequency, showing a significant indirect effect (β = .085, p < .001). Although the initially proposed model for the Sextpectancies Measure examining two overarching sending and receiving domains did not fit the data well, an alternative model which identified overall positive and negative expectancies, fit the model relatively well (RMSEA = .085; CFI = .926). Conclusions: This study is the first step towards understanding the sexting risk process and how specific personality traits and social learning may increase the risk for sexting. Additionally this study provides some insight into common expectancies of sexting.

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44

Desta, Amare Bayeh. "Strategies to support positive sexual behaviour among adolescents attending high schools in Ethiopia". Thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24970.

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The understanding of the patterns of association between positive sexual behaviours and protective factors that have greater impact helps to design appropriate strategies not only on positive sexual behaviour but also for reproductive health outcomes. The purpose of the study was to explore the protective factors and develop strategies to support positive sexual behaviours among high school adolescents. A concurrent mixed method research design was employed to explore the protective factors for positive sexual behaviours. A total of 990 adolescent students attending regular classes were selected using systematic sampling technique for the quantitative study and 33 focus group participants for qualitative study. Pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used for the quantitative whereas focus group discussions were employed for the qualitative phase. Protective factors were assessed at family, community/ neighbourhood, school, peer and individual levels. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis were employed to identify protective factors. Variables with significant association in bivariate analysis were entered into logistic regression to control confounding effects. The qualitative data management, analysis and interpretation followed thematic analysis principles. Illuminating verbatim quotations used to illustrate findings. RESULTS: adolescents follow parents' rules about sexual activities [AOR=0.462, 95%CI: 0.285-0.748], authoritative [AOR=0.075, 95%CI: 0.021-0.265] and authoritarian [AOR=0.091, 95%CI:0.025-0.331] parenting styles were protective factors. Adolescents’ communication with parents was more likely to have positive association [AOR=0.56, 95%CI:0.31-0.94] than counterparts. Parental greater monitoring [AOR=0.604, 95%CI:0.38-0.959], clear rules and consequences [AOR=0.378, 95%CI: 0.233-0.613] and need for permission to go anywhere [AOR=0.387; 95%CI: 0.235-0.637] were significantly associated. School performance [AOR=0.141, 95%CI:0.055-0.362], perception that teachers are supportive [AOR=0.447, 95%CI:0.266-0.752], sex education [AOR=0.424, 95%CI: 0.243- 0.742], people approved contraceptive use [AOR=0.319, 95%CI: 0.165-0.619] and discussion with health workers on sexuality AOR=0.545, 95%CI:0.318-0.932] were strongly associated with positive sexual behaviour. Positive sexual behaviour associated with peer influence resulted in preferred later sexual debut [AOR=0.444, 95%CI: 0.248- 0.797] and bonding with peers AOR=0.531, 95%CI: 0.327-0.862].
Health Studies
D. Lit. et Phil. (Health Studies)

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45

Thompson, Lance. "Situational variables associated with unsafe sexual behaviour in an MSM population : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Psychology at the University of Canterbury /". 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2741.

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Zhang, Dapeng. "HIV/AIDS behavioral surveillance among men who have sex with men in China: community and internet based surveys". Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49985.

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BACKGROUND The coverage of HIV/AIDS behavioral surveillance among MSM in China falls far short of what is necessary as the current approach is expensive and time consuming. In addition MSM are difficult to reach in China. Internet-based behavioral surveys have demonstrated a number of advantages compared with the traditional paper-pen method. Chinese MSM are avid users of the Internet. Use of the internet provides an opportunity to access this hard-to-reach population and explore their use of the Internet for sexual purposes as well as to assess risk behaviors among MSM internet users. This thesis aimed to explore the trends in risk behaviors and HIV prevalence among MSM using traditional community-based surveys and Internet surveys, and to analyze the potential of web-based behavioral surveillance among MSM by comparing the differences between Internet and community-based MSM samples, and then to provide insights for the future HIV/AIDS behavioral surveillance, epidemic estimation and prediction as well as health intervention among the Chinese MSM population. METHODS This study has three components. The first focuses on trends in HIV risk behaviors and prevalence among MSM in Harbin in northeast China, based on community-based surveys. Eligible participants were approached by peer recruiters in traditional gay venues and then interviewed by health professionals with a standard questionnaire. Urine samples were collected to screen their HIV status. The second part presents two cross-sectional, Internet-based surveys among MSM in China in 2006 and 2007. The study website was advertised on three selected gay websites using a series of banners, pop-ups and text notifications. After providing consent to the survey, eligible participants were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The third component compares the demographic characteristics and risk behaviors of two samples of Chinese MSM. Participants living in Heilongjiang Province were extracted from the 2006 online survey dataset to compare with the community sample of MSM recruited in Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province in the same year. KEY FINDINGS Community-based behavioral surveillance Among MSM in Harbin, a trend was observed towards more self-identifying as homosexual (from 58% to 80%) and more living with a male partner (from 12% to 41%) over the study period 2002-06. Although there was a trend towards a reduction in the rate of never using a condom and an increase in the rate of always using condoms during anal sex in the past six months, the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) still remained at high level (from 90% in 2002 to 72% in 2006). Most respondents reported having multiple male sexual partners (≥ 2) in the past six months: 86.5% in 2002, 76.0% in 2004 and 91.6% in 2006. The HIV prevalence (2.2%, 15/674) among MSM in Harbin in 2006 was higher than that in previous survey years (1.3% in 2002 and 0.94% in 2004), but no statistically significant change was detected. Internet-based behavioral surveys Gay website users in China are young and well educated. The majority (85%) have used the Internet to seek sex and meeting sexual partners online, which is one of the most common reasons for visiting gay websites. Traditional gay venues still play an important role in the sex seeking process, especially for MSM who are older and less educated. Gay website users are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS given their high prevalence of UAI (56.6%) and multiple male sexual partners (66.5%). The type of partners plays an important role in determining consistent condom use. An increase in condom use was observed among MSM having sex between commercial partners relative to those having sex with non-regular partners and regular partners. Among the Internet sample, participants who have regular partners are less likely to have sex with females, less likely to have multiple partners and less likely to engage in commercial sex behaviors than those who do not. Comparisons between Internet and community samples There are significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics and risk behaviors between the Internet and community samples of MSM. The Internet sample was significantly younger, more educated and more likely to be students and self identify as homosexual. Among those who had anal sex in the past six months, the Internet sample tended to use condoms less consistently than the community sample. However, using the total sample size as the denominator to calculate the prevalence of UAI, no significant difference between the two samples was observed (AOR 1.02, CI 0.73-1.43, p = 0.905). After adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics, the community sample was more likely to have had sex with females (AOR 2.01, CI 1.22-3.30, p = 0.006) and have had ≥ 6 male partners in the previous six months than the Internet sample (46.1% vs. 20.2%; AOR 4.88, CI 3.51-6.80, p < 0.001). The mean number of male partners for the community sample was 13.5 ± 16.8, whereas it was 6.0 ± 12.2 for the Internet sample. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a trend towards an increase in condom use among MSM in China, they are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection given their high prevalence of UAI and multiple sexual partners. Public sector officials at all levels need to recognize this risk for HIV transmission. Health promotion and behavioral interventions should be enforced and scaled up to meet the need for controlling HIV transmission among MSM in China. Since the Internet has become a risk environment for MSM and the online MSM population is significantly different from the traditional community MSM group, online MSM should be included as a risk group in national HIV sentinel and behavioral surveillance and the coverage of surveillance for this specific group should be expanded to better understand the health promotion needs of this community as part of an HIV/AIDS strategy in China.
Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2008

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47

Zhang, Dapeng. "HIV/AIDS behavioral surveillance among men who have sex with men in China: community and internet based surveys". 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/49985.

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BACKGROUND The coverage of HIV/AIDS behavioral surveillance among MSM in China falls far short of what is necessary as the current approach is expensive and time consuming. In addition MSM are difficult to reach in China. Internet-based behavioral surveys have demonstrated a number of advantages compared with the traditional paper-pen method. Chinese MSM are avid users of the Internet. Use of the internet provides an opportunity to access this hard-to-reach population and explore their use of the Internet for sexual purposes as well as to assess risk behaviors among MSM internet users. This thesis aimed to explore the trends in risk behaviors and HIV prevalence among MSM using traditional community-based surveys and Internet surveys, and to analyze the potential of web-based behavioral surveillance among MSM by comparing the differences between Internet and community-based MSM samples, and then to provide insights for the future HIV/AIDS behavioral surveillance, epidemic estimation and prediction as well as health intervention among the Chinese MSM population. METHODS This study has three components. The first focuses on trends in HIV risk behaviors and prevalence among MSM in Harbin in northeast China, based on community-based surveys. Eligible participants were approached by peer recruiters in traditional gay venues and then interviewed by health professionals with a standard questionnaire. Urine samples were collected to screen their HIV status. The second part presents two cross-sectional, Internet-based surveys among MSM in China in 2006 and 2007. The study website was advertised on three selected gay websites using a series of banners, pop-ups and text notifications. After providing consent to the survey, eligible participants were invited to complete an online questionnaire. The third component compares the demographic characteristics and risk behaviors of two samples of Chinese MSM. Participants living in Heilongjiang Province were extracted from the 2006 online survey dataset to compare with the community sample of MSM recruited in Harbin, the capital city of Heilongjiang Province in the same year. KEY FINDINGS Community-based behavioral surveillance Among MSM in Harbin, a trend was observed towards more self-identifying as homosexual (from 58% to 80%) and more living with a male partner (from 12% to 41%) over the study period 2002-06. Although there was a trend towards a reduction in the rate of never using a condom and an increase in the rate of always using condoms during anal sex in the past six months, the prevalence of unprotected anal intercourse (UAI) still remained at high level (from 90% in 2002 to 72% in 2006). Most respondents reported having multiple male sexual partners (≥ 2) in the past six months: 86.5% in 2002, 76.0% in 2004 and 91.6% in 2006. The HIV prevalence (2.2%, 15/674) among MSM in Harbin in 2006 was higher than that in previous survey years (1.3% in 2002 and 0.94% in 2004), but no statistically significant change was detected. Internet-based behavioral surveys Gay website users in China are young and well educated. The majority (85%) have used the Internet to seek sex and meeting sexual partners online, which is one of the most common reasons for visiting gay websites. Traditional gay venues still play an important role in the sex seeking process, especially for MSM who are older and less educated. Gay website users are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS given their high prevalence of UAI (56.6%) and multiple male sexual partners (66.5%). The type of partners plays an important role in determining consistent condom use. An increase in condom use was observed among MSM having sex between commercial partners relative to those having sex with non-regular partners and regular partners. Among the Internet sample, participants who have regular partners are less likely to have sex with females, less likely to have multiple partners and less likely to engage in commercial sex behaviors than those who do not. Comparisons between Internet and community samples There are significant differences in terms of demographic characteristics and risk behaviors between the Internet and community samples of MSM. The Internet sample was significantly younger, more educated and more likely to be students and self identify as homosexual. Among those who had anal sex in the past six months, the Internet sample tended to use condoms less consistently than the community sample. However, using the total sample size as the denominator to calculate the prevalence of UAI, no significant difference between the two samples was observed (AOR 1.02, CI 0.73-1.43, p = 0.905). After adjusting for differences in demographic characteristics, the community sample was more likely to have had sex with females (AOR 2.01, CI 1.22-3.30, p = 0.006) and have had ≥ 6 male partners in the previous six months than the Internet sample (46.1% vs. 20.2%; AOR 4.88, CI 3.51-6.80, p < 0.001). The mean number of male partners for the community sample was 13.5 ± 16.8, whereas it was 6.0 ± 12.2 for the Internet sample. CONCLUSIONS Although there is a trend towards an increase in condom use among MSM in China, they are vulnerable to HIV/AIDS infection given their high prevalence of UAI and multiple sexual partners. Public sector officials at all levels need to recognize this risk for HIV transmission. Health promotion and behavioral interventions should be enforced and scaled up to meet the need for controlling HIV transmission among MSM in China. Since the Internet has become a risk environment for MSM and the online MSM population is significantly different from the traditional community MSM group, online MSM should be included as a risk group in national HIV sentinel and behavioral surveillance and the coverage of surveillance for this specific group should be expanded to better understand the health promotion needs of this community as part of an HIV/AIDS strategy in China.
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Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Adelaide, School of Population Health and Clinical Practice, 2008

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48

Damtie, Demeke Gizew. "Factors influencing sexual risk behaviors among senior secondary school students (youths)". Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13772.

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This quantitative descriptive cross sectional study explored factors influencing sexual risk behaviours among youths in senior secondary schools in Ethiopia. Data were collected using structured questionnaires. Religious attachment, living with friends, living alone, parental control, level of parental education, peer pressure and number of friends who had experienced sex were some of the factors noted to influence youths to engage in sexual risk behaviours. The findings of this study have implications for both practice and policy development. They will enable healthcare workers to identify youths at risk of engaging in sexual risk behaviours and subsequently motivate them using health promotion strategies to engage in safe sexual practices. Adopting such an approach will prevent or at least minimise risk of youths being infected with sexually transmitted diseases, such as HIV/AIDS.
Health Studies
M.A. (Health Studies)

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49

Motlatla, Rebecca. "The role of male partners in combating adolescent pregnancy". Diss., 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17520.

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This study was intended to explore the role male partners play in preventing adolescent pregnancy in the Letlhabile area, of Brits district, which is located in the North West Province. Adolescent males and females whose ages ranged between 13-20 years were included in the sample. The inclusion criteria was determined on the basis of the adolescents who were pregnant and non- pregnant, as well as males who had already became parents and those who hadn't experienced fatherhood. Focus group discussions and individual in-depth interviews were conducted.ObservaJions and the review of existing documents were triangulated to gather valid and reliable information. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis were blended. The findings revealed significant factors that ranged from the reaction of parents and/or partner to the announcement of pregnancy, to issues that impact on consequences of multiple sex partners. The recommendations of this project deal with aspects that include contraception, sexuality education, parental involvement among many relevant policy issues.
Health Studies
M.A. (Nursing Science)

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50

Freitas, Engrácia da Glória Gomes de. "Adolescents' knowledge of contraception in a selected area in Angola". Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/550.

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Adolescent pregnancy is a worldwide problem. This study attempted to describe and explore the knowledge of female adolescents in Angola's knowledge with regard to contraception. The research results, obtained from interview schedules, revealed that the respondents lacked knowledge about themselves as adolescents as well as a lack of knowledge of their reproductive health and development. Furthermore, the results portrayed a lack of knowledge of contraceptives. The study findings may assist health care providers to identify educational programmes on contraception at schools, markets and in the community.
Health Studies
Thesis (M.A. (Health Studies))

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