Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Sex role in literature"
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Diwyami, Ni Putu y A. A. Bagus Suryantara. "Home / Archives / Vol. 7 No. 02 (2021): Oktober : Jurnal Kesehatan Medika Udayana / Articles Literature Review: Peran Perilaku Seks Anal Berisiko pada Laki Seks dengan Laki (LSL) terhadap Transmisi HIV". Jurnal Kesehatan Medika Udayana 7, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2021): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.47859/jmu.v7i02.63.
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Background: This study is a literature study that employed descriptive qualitative research design with a library research approach to describe the risk of unsafe anal sex roles behavior among men who have sex with men (MSM) towards HIV transmission. In this literature study, the researcher used various written resources to obtain the data such as journal articles that were relevant to the present study. Purpose: This study focused on measuring the prevalence of risky anal sex roles among MSM and the risk of those roles towards HIV transmission. Result: The results of this study showed that the unsafe anal sex behavior among MSM towards HIV transmission was highly founded in the receptive role compared to the insertive role or versatile role. Conclusion: MSM who performed the receptive role during the unsafe anal sex were more exhibited by young MSM. In order to decrease the risk of sexual behavior among MSM, it is necessary to start it over young MSM. Therefore, the increasing incidence of HIV among MSM can be controlled as well.
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Kustati, Ami Linda Kustati, Kartika Adyani y Friska Realita. "The Role Of Sexuality Knowledge And Parent’s The Role Of Communication Quality In Introducing Sex Education To Adolescents". Science Midwifery 10, n.º 3 (16 de agosto de 2022): 2233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/midwifery.v10i3.477.
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Deviant behavior is the result of an imperfect socialization process. The group most frequently encountered with deviant behavior is adolescents. One form of adolescent deviant behavior is free sex, free sex is free sex is a problem from the lack of sexuality education, so there can be some problems as a result of free sex behavior in adolescents in the short term. Objective: to conduct a literature review on the role of knowledge of sexuality and the quality of communication between parents and children in introducing free sex education to adolescents. Methods: Results: Based on the results of the articles collected and the analysis of writing, it was found that knowledge of sexuality and the quality of parent-child communication is an important role in introducing free sex education where parents are very important in shaping their children's attitudes
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Usmonova, Mukhayyo. "THE ROLE OF LITERATURE IN ESL CLASSES". Scientific Reports of Bukhara State University 5, n.º 2 (24 de mayo de 2021): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.52297/2181-1466/2021/5/2/25.
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Introduction. This article deals with the interpretation of the literary texts in an ESL classroom. We will try to analyze and examine the possible overcomes of the usage of literature in the classroom which means it will purely rely on the teacher and student involvement in the classroom situation. Research methods. It is clear that the problem of using literary texts in the English classroom is being observed and analyzed for a long time. There are many researches conducted in this field that have both positive and negative results. Literature is inseparable part of language learning since it deals with authentic text, and the reader can see the language of people who use it as their native. It can be a very helpful tool even if it has some cons which will not overweight the positiveness of this research. Results and discussions. Its is very important to mention that ESL classroom differs from a native speaker classroom for the reason that the students are not directly involved in the process of using the language that they are learning. The learning styles of the students with different cultural background also affects on the process of learning for the fact that culture is a part of language. Because of this reason language learning can be closely connected with the literature of that nation since you can come across with different cultural aspects while you read or examine any sorts of literary books.
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Sejati, Putri Eka y Riza Tsalatsatul Mufida. "The Effect of Sex Education on Premarital Sex Among Adolescents; Literature Review". Journal for Quality in Public Health 5, n.º 1 (26 de noviembre de 2021): 363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30994/jqph.v5i1.280.
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Adolescent are an age group that is vulnerable to risky behaviour, including premarital sex, because during adolescent there are various changes both physically, namely the maturation of reproductive organs, emotional changes in attitudes and behaviour as well adolescent mind-sets and social changes. Vulnerable to engage risky behaviour (premarital sex behaviour). Lack of sex education and the misconception of the concept of sex education regarding premarital sex which is misunderstood causes various negative problems is adolescent.
Sex education is a preventive effort to avoid free sex to damage reproductive health and mental unpreparedness in living their days a parents. So it needs extra education so that there is no misunderstanding of the concept of sex education material. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effect of sex education on premarital sex.
This literature review is sourced from the Pubmed and Google Scholar database from 2017-2021 and manually select criteria according o the inclusion and exclusion criteria using the PICOS method, which is relevant and in accordance with the title taken by the author, in this literature review the number of journals reviewed by 8 journals. The result of this literature review found that the effects of sex education on premarital sex include, the lack of knowledge about sex education causes adolescents to take premarital sexual behaviour, imperfect socialization, misunderstanding about of the concept of sex education on premarital sex, strong curiosity and some people think taboo about the concept of sex education. the conclusion in this literature review is the effect of sex education on behaviour sex, namely low knowledge, misunderstanding of the concept of sex education and imperfect socialization, not only from school but the role of the family is needed to instil sex education to reduce sexual behaviour premarital sex in adolescent.
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Nordenstam, Anna. "Karin Westman Bergs könsrollsseminarium pionjäråret 1967-68". Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 26, n.º 4 (14 de junio de 2022): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v26i4.3991.
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The artide discusses an important beginning of the feminist literary research in Sweden. The seminars started in Uppsala in 1967. The artide analyzes the aims of the sex role seminar and its activities duringthe first year 1967-68. Under personal management of Karin Westman Berg, experts held lectures on women's role in literature and the participants diseminated the new knowledge through artides in newspapers. An anthology, Sexroles in literature from the antiquity to the 1960s, was published the followingyear. The seminar was rnterdisciplinary with both women and men participating. The aim of the sex role seminar was twofold; to emphasize the importance of gender research and to offer a historical perspective on the current sex role debate. The seminar was the startingpoint of organized gender research in Sweden and it continued until 1977.
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Athnaiel, Onella, Santiago Cantillo, Stephania Paredes y Nebojsa Nick Knezevic. "The Role of Sex Hormones in Pain-Related Conditions". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n.º 3 (18 de enero de 2023): 1866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24031866.
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Millions of people are affected by pain-related conditions worldwide. Literature has consistently shown that each individual experiences and perceives pain in a unique manner due to biological, environmental, and cultural factors in which they have been raised. It has been established that biological males and females perceive pain differently and that it may be partially explained by their distinct hormonal profiles since birth, which are only further magnified during puberty. For biological males, high levels of testosterone have shown to increase their pain threshold; and for biological females, estrogen fluctuations have shown to increase pain intensity and perception. However, sex hormones have not been studied in the context of pain treatment or their impact on biochemical pathways involved in pain perception. For this purpose, the transgender community serves as a unique population to investigate the impact of hormone replacement therapy on molecular pathways involved in the perception of pain. The purpose of this review is to explore the biochemistry of hormone replacement in transgender patients who also have other pain-related conditions such as headaches, fibromyalgia, temporomandibular myalgia, and visceral pain.
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Snipes, Daniel J., Jenna M. Calton, Brooke A. Green, Paul B. Perrin y Eric G. Benotsch. "Rape and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Examining the Mediating Role of Explicit Sex–Power Beliefs for Men Versus Women". Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, n.º 16 (3 de julio de 2015): 2453–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260515592618.
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Many rape survivors exhibit symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and recent literature suggests survivors’ beliefs about sex and control may affect PTSD symptoms. The present study examined beliefs about sex and power as potential mediators of the relationship between rape and PTSD symptoms for men versus women. Participants ( N = 782) reported lifetime history of rape, current PTSD symptoms, and beliefs about sex and power. Women reported higher levels of lifetime history of rape than men (19.7% for women; 9.7% for men). While rape history predicted PTSD symptoms for both genders, beliefs about sex and power were shown to be a significant partial mediator of this relationship for men, but not for women. Results extend the literature on rape and PTSD by suggesting that survivors’ beliefs about sex and power are connected and can affect their PTSD symptoms. Additionally, results illustrate how sexual violence against men may reaffirm male gender roles that entail power and aggression, and ultimately affect trauma recovery.
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HANK, KARSTEN. "PARENTAL GENDER PREFERENCES AND REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR: A REVIEW OF THE RECENT LITERATURE". Journal of Biosocial Science 39, n.º 5 (11 de diciembre de 2006): 759–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932006001787.
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SummaryThis paper reviews various theoretical approaches towards an explanation of parental gender preferences and empirical findings from developing as well as from industrialized countries, focusing on the role of gender preferences in reproductive decisions. Although various attempts have been made to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the observed patterns of sex preferences for children, a fully satisfying theoretical explanation is still not at hand. Empirically, a distinct and stable preference for at least one child of each sex can be observed as a common pattern of parental sex preferences across many different social, economic and cultural contexts. Further – and ideally multidisciplinary – research that helps to improve our understanding of this phenomenon is highly desirable.
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Kappeler, Peter M. "Sex roles and adult sex ratios: insights from mammalian biology and consequences for primate behaviour". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, n.º 1729 (31 de julio de 2017): 20160321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0321.
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Theoretical models and empirical studies in various taxa have identified important links between variation in sex roles and the number of adult males and females (adult sex ratio (ASR)) in a population. In this review, I examine these relationships in non-human primates. Because most existing theoretical models of the evolution of sex roles focus on the evolutionary origins of sex-biased behaviour, they offer only a general scaffold for predicting variation in sex roles among and within species. I argue that studies examining sex role variation at these more specific levels need to take social organization into account to identify meaningful levels for the measurement of ASR and to account for the fact that ASR and sex roles mutually influence each other. Moreover, taxon-specific life-history traits can constrain sex role flexibility and impact the operational sex ratio (OSR) by specifying the minimum length of female time outs from reproduction. Using examples from the primate literature, I highlight practical problems in estimating ASR and OSR. I then argue that interspecific variation in the occurrence of indirect forms of paternal care might indeed be linked to variation in ASR. Some studies also indicate that female aggression and bonding, as well as components of inter-sexual relationships, are sensitive to variation in ASR. Thus, links between primate sex roles and sex ratios merit further study, and such studies could prompt the development of more specific theoretical models that make realistic assumptions about taxon-specific life history and social organization. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.
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Hinchliff, Sharron, Merryn Gott y Christine Ingleton. "Sex, Menopause and Social Context". Journal of Health Psychology 15, n.º 5 (julio de 2010): 724–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105310368187.
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Most research on sex and menopause has been conducted within a biomedical framework describing how, for example, declining hormone levels result in reduced sexual desire. Little research has examined women’s own perspectives. In this article we present an analysis of interview data from 12 British women experiencing natural menopause. Analysis identified the key role of interpersonal factors in sexual pleasure, alongside heterogeneity with regard to changes in sexual desire and orgasm. The findings complement existing psychological literature on the topic of women’s sexual and reproductive health which foregrounds social context and emphasizes diversity of experience.
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Timofeeva, Natalya Yu, Natalia V. Bubnova, Larisa M. Merkulova, Gleb Yu Struchko, Irina S. Stomenskaya, Olga Yu Kostrova y Anastasiia A. Kotelkina. "THE ROLE OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN TUMOR METASTATIC SPREADING (LITERATURE REVIEW)". Acta medica Eurasica, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2022-2-50-60.
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Oncopathology is one of the main mortality causes in the population. The immediate cause of death in a patient with cancer is metastatic spreading. The study of this pathological process is difficult due to asymptomatic course of the metastatic process, non-specificity of the main clinical analyses, impossibility of in-life studying the process of metastatic spreading. For this reason, laboratory models of metastatic spreading are being investigated, which can be connected both with direct introduction of tumor strains into the organ and with the development of metastases during experimental carcinogenesis. The issue of studying the endocrine system and its influence on the processes of metastatic spreading remains relevant. One of the organs that react to changes in the internal environment is the adrenal glands. The adrenal cortex plays an important role in the body's homeostasis, controlling the amount of cortisol, aldosterone and sex hormones (androgens and a small amount of estrogens), while the adrenal medulla controls stress reactions by discharging adrenaline and norepinephrine. Each of the hormones synthesized by the adrenal glands is somehow involved in the processes of carcinogenesis and metastatic spreading. Thus, cortisol, one of the hormones formed in the adrenal cortex, has a pronounced immunosuppressive effect, it affects the rate of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis, has a destructive effect on connective tissue. An increase in catecholamines in the blood leads to the damage to biological membranes, which stimulates adhesion and extravasation of tumor cells. In addition, catecholamines stimulate lymphoproliferation. Sex hormones affect not only hormone-dependent tumors of the reproductive system by stimulating cell growth, enhancing uncontrolled cell proliferation and angiogenesis, but tumors of other organs as well. Aldosterone, acting on the vascular wall, promotes the penetration of tumor cells into the vascular bed and their spread throughout the body.
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Jiménez-Cortegana, Carlos, Germán Ortiz-García, Amalia Serrano, David Moreno-Ramírez y Víctor Sánchez-Margalet. "Possible Role of Leptin in Atopic Dermatitis: A Literature Review". Biomolecules 11, n.º 11 (5 de noviembre de 2021): 1642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11111642.
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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease, and its incidence has been rapidly increasing in developed countries in the last years. AD presents a high degree of heterogeneity due to biases and confounding factors such as age range, sex, or ethnicity. For those reasons, the search for new biomarkers is crucial. At the same time, obesity, which is a global health problem, has also increased over the years. It has been associated with many pathophysiological states, including skin diseases such as AD, mostly in childhood. Obesity promotes a low grade inflammation driven by many different cytokines and adipokines, including leptin, which has a key role in many other diseases due to its pleiotropic effects. Leptin also has a role in both skin and allergic diseases very related to AD. Thus, this adipokine could have an important role in the pathogenesis of AD, especially in its chronicity. Despite the limited literature available, there is some evidence that leads us to consider leptin as an important adipokine in this skin disease. For this reason, here we have reviewed the role of leptin in the pathophysiology of AD.
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Sheridan, Lorraine P., Adrian C. North y Adrian J. Scott. "Experiences of Stalking in Same-Sex and Opposite-Sex Contexts". Violence and Victims 29, n.º 6 (2014): 1014–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-13-00072.
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Most stalking literature reports on male stalkers and female victims. This work examines stalking experiences in 4 sex dyads: male stalker–female victim, female stalker–male victim, female–female dyads, and male–male dyads. Respondents were 872 self-defined victims of stalking from the United Kingdom and the United States who completed an anonymous survey. The study variables covered the process of stalking, effects on victims and third parties, and victim responses to stalking. Approximately 10% of comparisons were significant, indicating that sex of victim and stalker is not a highly discriminative factor in stalking cases. Female victims of male stalkers were most likely to suffer physical and psychological consequences. Female victims reported more fear than males did, and most significant differences conformed to sex role stereotypes. Earlier work suggested stalker motivation and prior victim–stalker relationship as important variables in analyses of stalking, but these did not prove significant in this work, perhaps because of sampling differences.
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HUNTER, JOHN A. y JUDITH V. BECKER. "The Role of Deviant Sexual Arousal in Juvenile Sexual Offending". Criminal Justice and Behavior 21, n.º 1 (marzo de 1994): 132–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854894021001009.
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This article reviews the construct of deviant sexual arousal and its application to understanding juvenile sexual offending. In contrast to the relatively extensive investigation of deviant sexual interests in adult sex offenders, the juvenile offender literature is just beginning to emerge. Studies are reviewed relevant to the etiology of deviant sexual arousal in juveniles, its measurement, and attempts to alter such patterns through the application of cognitive-behavioral methodologies. The authors urge caution in comparing the etiology and clinical manifestation of deviant sexual behavior in juveniles and adults, and suggest that juvenile sex offenders represent a heterogeneous population with diverse evaluative and treatment needs.
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Grittner, Alison y Kathleen C. Sitter. "The Role of Place in the Lives of Sex Workers: A Sociospatial Analysis of Two International Case Studies". Affilia 35, n.º 2 (5 de septiembre de 2019): 274–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886109919872965.
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This article conceptualizes how place-based analysis can generate innovative understandings of sex work and spatial justice, including ways in which stigma, well-being, and marginality are embodied in sex work places. Focusing on three interconnected dimensions of place—geographic location, material environment, and sociopower structures—this article examines the unexplored realm of place and sex work. Beginning with an analysis of existing sex work literature and knowledge relating to dimensions of place, we explicate the role of feminist ideologies, juridical contexts, and the built environment as the conceptual and analytic groundwork for a place-based understanding of sex work. Architectural spatial methods then generate a place-based analysis of two case study exemplars: the Residence in Western Canada and the Strichtplatz in Zurich, Switzerland. We conclude by considering avenues to incorporate place theory into sex work research and the social work discipline, ultimately advocating for research, policy, and practice that concomitantly address sex workers’ social and spatial oppression.
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Rahm, Laura. "Protect, Track, Emancipate: The Role of Political Masculinities in India’s Fight against Sex Selection". Men and Masculinities 22, n.º 3 (mayo de 2018): 529–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1097184x18768873.
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One of the side effects of India’s rapid socioeconomic transition has been a growing demographic masculinization with millions of “missing” women. Modern technologies have enabled couples to determine and select the fetal sex. Since the 1990s, political efforts to control sex selection have met with little success. This article assesses policy effectiveness and the role of political masculinities in India’s fight against sex selection. This qualitative analysis draws from policy files and forty-seven in-depth semistructured expert interviews conducted in Delhi, Punjab, and Haryana in 2014–2015. Interview participants included national policy makers, state and district implementers, and representatives from nongovernmental and international organizations. This article finds that state action against sex selection frequently follows the logic of “protecting,” “tracking,” and “emancipating” females—analogue to roles of a family patriarch toward his kin and thus reproducing gender biases and undermining policy efforts against sex selection.
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Hanim, Havizathul. "Pendidikan Sexs Pada Remaja di Keluarga Menengah Kebawah". Jurnal Masyarakat Maritim 4, n.º 2 (30 de octubre de 2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jmm.v4i2.2780.
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This study intends to look at the role of parents in socializing sex education to adolescents in lower middle families and the forms of socialization and the obstacles faced by parents in socializing the values of sex education to their teenage children. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach, data traversing began with initial surveys, literature studies, field studies and in-depth interviews and observations. The results of research on the importance of the role of parents in the socialization of knowledge about sex to children are needed. Lack of knowledge about sex education and being busy working means that most parents do not want to provide knowledge about sex to adolescents for fear of misinforming them so that parents tend to give up the responsibility for providing knowledge on adolescent sex to schools or youth organizations. Shame and reluctance
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Ayotte, Brian, Clare Mehta y Jacqueline Alfonso. "Health Communication With Same-Sex and Other-Sex Friends in Emerging Adulthood". International Journal of Aging and Human Development 85, n.º 3 (28 de diciembre de 2016): 231–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091415016680066.
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Objective We examined health-related communication between same-sex and other-sex friends and how communication was related to health-related behavior. Participants Data from 243 emerging adults attending college ( Mage = 18.96, SD = 1.43; 55.6% male) were analyzed. Methods Participants completed measures assessing the frequency in which they talked about and made plans to engage in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors with friends, as well as how often they engaged in exercise and nutrition-related behaviors. Results In general, participants reported more health-related communication with same-sex friends. Health-related communication with same-sex friends was positively related to health behaviors for men and women. However, the pattern of results differed for men and women depending on the topic of communication and the behavior being examined. Conclusion Our study extends the literature by examining the role of sex of friends in health communication and planning and how interactions with friends relate to health-promoting behavior.
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LoMauro, Antonella y Andrea Aliverti. "Sex and gender in respiratory physiology". European Respiratory Review 30, n.º 162 (8 de noviembre de 2021): 210038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0038-2021.
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Sex is a biological concept determined at conception. Gender is a social concept. Medicine recognises sex as a biological variable and recommends including sex as a factor in clinical practice norms and as a topic of bench and clinical research. Sex plays a role in respiratory physiology according to two pathways: hormones and anatomy, with females characterised by smaller dimensions at every level of the respiratory system. Sex hormones also play specific roles in lung inflammatory processes, breathing control and in response to diseases. The literature is extremely controversial because many factors need to be considered to avoid erroneous comparisons. The main difficulty lies in creating homogeneous groups of subjects according to age, body weight, lung/airway size, fluctuations in circulating hormone levels, and exercise protocol. Because almost all of the knowledge available in physiology is based on research in males, medicine for women is therefore less evidence-based than that being applied to men. Finally, the number of transsexual people is increasing and they represent new challenges for clinicians, due to the anatomical and physiological changes that they undergo.
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Kamalu, Ikenna. "Body as Capital: Construing Experiential Knowledge of Prostitution and Sex Slavery in Some Postcolonial African Literature". Journal of Gender and Power 11, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2019): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/jgp.2019.11.007.
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Previous studies on prostitution and sex slavery in African literature have focused chiefly on the thematic concerns of the novels such as the moral dimensions of the act but none of the studies has explored the role of language as a form of representation that enables the reader to infer the psychological conditions and attitudes of discourse participants either as victims of prostitution and sex slavery or as active agents in the sustenance of the act. Working within the systemic linguistic orientation and insights from the notion of phenomenalistic construal, therefore, this study explores the linguistic representation of the inner feelings and attitudes of victims of sex slavery and prostitution in Amma Darko’s Beyond the Horizon, Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo’s Trafficked, and Ifeanyi Ajaegbo’s Sarah House. The texts under study represent sex slavery and prostitution as forms of physical and mental violence against the victims of the acts and a gross violation of their humanness.
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Habib, Rima R., Dana A. Halwani, Diana Mikati y Layal Hneiny. "Sex and Gender in Research on Healthcare Workers in Conflict Settings: A Scoping Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, n.º 12 (17 de junio de 2020): 4331. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124331.
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The occupational health literature has established that sex and gender are associated with all dimensions of the workplace. Sex and/or gender (sex/gender) factors play an important role in shaping the experiences, exposures, and health outcomes of male and female healthcare providers working in war and conflict settings. This study aims to (1) assess how sex/gender is considered in the occupational health literature on healthcare workers in conflict settings, and (2) identify the gaps in incorporating sex/gender concepts in this literature. A scoping review was carried out and nine electronic databases were searched using a comprehensive search strategy. Two reviewers screened the titles/abstracts and full-texts of the studies using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key information was extracted from the studies and four themes were identified. Of 7679 identified records, 47 were included for final review. The findings underlined the harsh working conditions of healthcare workers practicing in conflict zones and showed sex/gender similarities and differences in experiences, exposures and health outcomes. This review revealed a dearth of articles with adequate consideration of sex/gender in the study design. Sex/gender-sensitive research in occupational health is necessary to develop effective occupational health and safety policies to protect men and women healthcare workers in conflict settings.
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Desai, Milli, Arvin R. Wali, Harjus S. Birk, David R. Santiago-Dieppa y Alexander A. Khalessi. "Role of pregnancy and female sex steroids on aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture: a systematic review of the literature". Neurosurgical Focus 47, n.º 1 (julio de 2019): E8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2019.4.focus19228.
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OBJECTIVEWomen have been shown to have a higher risk of cerebral aneurysm formation, growth, and rupture than men. The authors present a review of the recently published neurosurgical literature that studies the role of pregnancy and female sex steroids, to provide a conceptual framework with which to understand the various risk factors associated with cerebral aneurysms in women at different stages in their lives.METHODSThe PubMed database was searched for “(“intracranial” OR “cerebral”) AND “aneurysm” AND (“pregnancy” OR “estrogen” OR “progesterone”)” between January 1980 and February 2019. A total of 392 articles were initially identified, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 20 papers were selected for review and analysis. These papers were then divided into two categories: 1) epidemiological studies about the formation, growth, rupture, and management of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy; and 2) investigations on female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms (animal studies and epidemiological studies).RESULTSThe 20 articles presented in this study include 7 epidemiological articles on pregnancy and cerebral aneurysms, 3 articles reporting case series of cerebral aneurysms treated by endovascular therapies in pregnancy, 3 epidemiological articles reporting the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms through retrospective case-control studies, and 7 experimental studies using animal and/or cell models to understand the relationship between female sex steroids and cerebral aneurysms. The studies in this review report similar risk of aneurysm rupture in pregnant women compared to the general population. Most ruptured aneurysms in pregnancy occur during the 3rd trimester, and most pregnant women who present with cerebral aneurysm have caesarean section deliveries. Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms in pregnancy is shown to provide a new and safe form of therapy for these cases. Epidemiological studies of postmenopausal women show that estrogen hormone therapy and later age at menopause are associated with a lower risk of cerebral aneurysm than in matched controls. Experimental studies in animal models corroborate this epidemiological finding; estrogen deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction and inflammation, which may predispose to the formation and rupture of cerebral aneurysms, while exogenous estrogen treatment in this population may lower this risk.CONCLUSIONSThe aim of this work is to equip the neurosurgical and obstetrical/gynecological readership with the tools to better understand, critique, and apply findings from research on sex differences in cerebral aneurysms.
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Curun, Ferzan, Ebru Taysi y Fatih Orcan. "Ambivalent sexism as a mediator for sex role orientation and gender stereotypes in romantic relationships: A study in Turkey". Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 11, n.º 1 (20 de octubre de 2017): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.v11i1.229.
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The present study examined the mediating effects of ambivalent sexism (hostile and benevolent) in the relationship between sex role orientation (masculinity and femininity) and gender stereotypes (dominance and assertiveness) in college students. The variables were measured using the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI), the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), and the Attitudes toward Gender Stereotypes in Romantic Relationships Scale (AGSRRS). These inventories were administered to 250 undergraduate students at Istanbul University in Istanbul and Suleyman Demirel University in Isparta, Turkey. Results indicate that benevolent sexism mediates the relationship between hostile sexism and male dominance. Benevolent sexism also mediates femininity and male dominance, as well as femininity and male assertiveness. Hostile sexism was mediated only between the masculine personality trait and benevolent sexism. The present findings expand the literature on sex role orientation by revealing evidence that masculine and feminine individuals experience ambivalent sexism distinctively. The results are discussed in terms of the assumptions of sex role orientation, ambivalent sexism, and gender stereotypes.
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Hammond, Natalie. "Men Who Pay for Sex and the Sex Work Movement? Client Responses to Stigma and Increased Regulation of Commercial Sex Policy". Social Policy and Society 14, n.º 1 (8 de septiembre de 2014): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746414000360.
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Recent years have seen an increase in sex worker organisation, with sex workers and their allies forming unions and collectives, protesting in defence of sex workers’ rights, contesting working conditions, opposing criminalisation and aiming to decrease the stigma associated with sex work. However, the actions of male clients have remained invisible. Drawing on empirical data collected from interviews with thirty-five men who pay for sex, and borrowing from social movement literature, specifically Diani's (1992) framework of social movements, this article examines the role of collective identity and the way some clients negotiate political and media constructions of the client figure, and respond to policy processes surrounding the regulation of commercial sex. By taking a cultural studies approach to the sex industry, the article locates commercial sex and its actors within the wider social, cultural and political landscape, reflecting how wider trends regarding the mobilisation and resistance of marginalised groups are apparent within the most unlikely communities.
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Gurvich, Caroline, Kate Hoy, Natalie Thomas y Jayashri Kulkarni. "Sex Differences and the Influence of Sex Hormones on Cognition through Adulthood and the Aging Process". Brain Sciences 8, n.º 9 (28 de agosto de 2018): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci8090163.
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Hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis that regulate reproductive function have multiple effects on the development, maintenance and function of the brain. Sex differences in cognitive functioning have been reported in both health and disease, which may be partly attributed to sex hormones. The aim of the current paper was to provide a theoretical review of how sex hormones influence cognitive functioning across the lifespan as well as provide an overview of the literature on sex differences and the role of sex hormones in cognitive decline, specifically in relation to Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A summary of current hormone and sex-based interventions for enhancing cognitive functioning and/or reducing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease is also provided.
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Czubryt, Michael P., Leon Espira, Lise Lamoureux y Bernard Abrenica. "The role of sex in cardiac function and diseaseThis paper is one of a selection of papers published in this Special Issue, entitled Young Investigator's Forum." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 84, n.º 1 (enero de 2006): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y05-151.
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In the past decade, increasing attention has been paid to the importance of sex in the etiology of cardiac dysfunction. While focus has been primarily on how sex modulates atherogenesis, it is becoming clear that sex is both a predictor of outcome and an independent risk factor for a number of other cardiac diseases. Animal models and human studies have begun to shed light on the mechanisms by which sex influences the function of cardiomyocytes in health and disease. This review will survey the current literature on cardiac diseases that are influenced by sex and discuss the intracellular mechanisms by which steroid sex hormones affect heart function. A theory on how sex may regulate myocardial energy metabolism to affect disease susceptibility and progression will be presented, as well as a discussion of how sex may influence outcomes of experiments on isolated cardiomyocytes by epigenetic marking.
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McAlinden, Anne-Marie, Mark Farmer y Shadd Maruna. "Desistance from sexual offending: Do the mainstream theories apply?" Criminology & Criminal Justice 17, n.º 3 (27 de septiembre de 2016): 266–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895816670201.
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The literature on desistance from crime has become well established in recent years with strong bodies of evidence supporting the role of factors such as employment, relationships and identity change in this process. However, the relevance of this literature to individuals convicted of sexual crimes is not known as such individuals are almost always excluded from this research. This article presents the results from one of the first empirical studies on desistance from sexual offending based on 32 in-depth life story interviews with adult males previously convicted of child sex offences. In this analysis we explore the significance of work, the role of relationships and changes in imagined selves in the self-identities of individuals successfully desisting from sexual offending. The findings provide support for all three factors in helping to sustain desistance from sex offending, but also suggest clear differences between desistance from sex offending and other types of crime in these regards.
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Schacht, Ryan, Karen L. Kramer, Tamás Székely y Peter M. Kappeler. "Adult sex ratios and reproductive strategies: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, n.º 1729 (31 de julio de 2017): 20160309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0309.
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It is increasingly recognized that the relative proportion of potential mates to competitors in a population impacts a range of sex-specific behaviours and in particular mating and reproduction. However, while the adult sex ratio (ASR) has long been recognized as an important link between demography and behaviour, this relationship remains understudied. Here, we introduce the first inter-disciplinary collection of research on the causes and consequences of variation in the ASR in human and animal societies. This important topic is relevant to a wide audience of both social and biological scientists due to the central role that the relative number of males to females in a population plays for the evolution of, and contemporary variation in, sex roles across groups, species and higher taxa. The articles in this theme issue cover research on ASR across a variety of taxa and topics. They offer critical re-evaluations of theoretical foundations within both evolutionary and non-evolutionary fields, and propose innovative methodological approaches, present new empirical examples of behavioural consequences of ASR variation and reveal that the ASR plays a major role in determining population viability, especially in small populations and species with labile sex determination. This introductory paper puts the contributions of the theme issue into a broader context, identifies general trends across the literature and formulates directions for future research. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive decisions: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies'.
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Wright, Paul J., Bryant Paul, Debby Herbenick y Robert S. Tokunaga. "Pornography and Sexual Dissatisfaction: The Role of Pornographic Arousal, Upward Pornographic Comparisons, and Preference for Pornographic Masturbation". Human Communication Research 47, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2021): 192–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hcr/hqab001.
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Abstract Research finding that pornography use is associated with lower sexual satisfaction is common; evaluation of the mechanisms hypothesized as underlying the association is not. Informed by multiple theoretical perspectives, the present study tested a conceptual model positing that (a) regularly consuming pornography conditions the user’s arousal template to be particularly responsive to pornographic depictions, (b) this amplified arousal to pornography increases both (c) upward comparisons between one’s own sex life and sex as it is represented in pornography and (d) a preference for masturbation to pornography over partnered sex, which in turn (e) weaken perceptions of how satisfying it is to have sex with one’s partner, and ultimately (f) decreases perceptions of how satisfying one’s relationship is with one’s partner. Path-analytic results were supportive of the hypothesized linkages for both men and women. Discussion focuses on the implications of the present study’s findings for current debates in the literature and theoretical development.
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Rácz, Anita. "Women in Leading Role". Practice and Theory in Systems of Education 11, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2016): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ptse-2016-0026.
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AbstractThe questions related to the role of women in the world of labour and to the rate of female and male employees are issues that have been discussed since long ago. Equality of women and the fight against the discrimination of women are hot topics not only for the “weaker sex” as there are abundant research and literature dealing with the question whether feminism, the lengthy pursuit for the equality of women can be regarded successful or there are still much to do for the elimination of negative discrimination of women at workplaces. In this context, I examine in my study whether the increasing of the share of female employees, the action plans on raising the share of executive positions filled by women, and the related conferences live up to the expectations, and can women really have the same place on the labour market as men have.
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Putri, Vanya Arisda, Diana Puspitasari y Heri Widodo. "Dekonstruksi Peran Seme dan Uke dalam Manga Shishi mo Kobamazu". KIRYOKU 6, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2022): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v6i2.106-116.
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This research is descriptive qualitative research with the object of research manga entitled "Shishi mo Kobamazu" (2014) by Kiriyu Kiyoi. This manga is a boy's same-sex love genre that generally has a formula for the roles of Seme and Uke. The role of seme will be considered to have all the masculine traits and the role of uke to have all the feminine traits. In the Shishi mo Kobamazu manga, the roles of Seme and Uke are given a different role concept from manga boy's love in general resulting in a deconstruction of the role concepts of Seme and Uke. The aim of this research is to describe the deconstruction that occurs and its depiction in literary works so that it can be seen that the construction of gender roles in same-sex love relationships does not have a patent provision and can change according to conditions and times. The method used is a literature study. The theory used in this research is Derrida's deconstruction theory and Butler's performativity. Both theories are used to analyze the form of deconstruction in the roles of seme and uke and to understand the concept of gender roles in same-sex relationships. The results show that the character in this manga can display and form a new identity in their seme and uke roles through the performativity of gender roles in same-sex relationships. The new identity in the form of Seme and Uke is not fixed on one gender trait. Seme can be described as having a petite body and characters like women and uke can be described as having a strong and masculine physique. The roles of Seme and Uke can change according to the identity shown by each character in the manga.
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Lavie-Ajayi, Maya. "Informal Sex Education by Youth Practitioners". YOUNG 28, n.º 5 (2 de marzo de 2020): 485–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1103308819899564.
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Youth practitioners are commonly acknowledged to play an important role in supporting the sexual health of young people. However, there is relatively little literature that documents, conceptualizes and theorizes the unique nature and potential of informal sex education provided by youth practitioners such as social workers and youth workers. Using the theoretical framework of critical pedagogy, this article seeks to conceptualize informal sex education practices by youth practitioners, from the practitioner’s point of view. Eight semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with youth practitioners, working in a variety of programmes and provisions for young people across Israel. The data were thematically analysed. The analysis identified three key concepts, drawn from critical pedagogy, which underscore the unique potential of informal sex education by youth practitioners: dialogue, the language of possibility and language of critique.
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Cordova, David, Kate Coleman-Minahan, Tattiana Romo, Evelinn A. Borrayo y Sheana Bull. "The Role of Social Capital, Sex Communication, and Sex Refusal Self-Efficacy in Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Testing among a Diverse Sample of Youth". Adolescents 2, n.º 1 (27 de enero de 2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2010004.
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Social capital, namely civic engagement, adult support, and community support, shapes behaviors in meaningful ways, yet the literature examining the relationship between social capital and sexual risk behaviors and HIV testing among youth remains limited. This study examined the influence of social capital on sexual risk behaviors (i.e., unprotected sex, multiple sex partners, and being drunk or high prior to sex) and HIV testing among youth. A total of 200 primarily ethnic minority youth (mean age of 17.4 years) in Denver, Colorado were included in the study. Structural equation modeling findings indicate that higher levels of social capital were associated with unprotected sex and less HIV testing. Additionally, the association between social capital and sex with multiple partners was mediated by sex refusal self-efficacy. Youth may benefit from social capital, but it may not have the same protective or health-promotive value for youth as for adults.
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Mahović, Darija y Matea Bračić. "Cluster Headache: Literature Review with Reference to Sex Differences". Archives of Psychiatry Research 59, n.º 1 (20 de febrero de 2023): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20471/may.2023.59.01.10.
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Cluster headache is a pain syndrome characterised by severe, unilateral and predominantly orbital pain which lasts 15 - 180 minutes. It is accompanied by a range of ipsilateral autonomic symptoms, such as lacrimation, rhinorrhoea and myosis. Cluster headaches can be episodic with periods of remission or chronic. Even though it is a relatively rare condition, the excruciating pain causes significant disruption of patients’ daily life. The pathophysiology behind cluster headaches is complex and despite making significant progress, the pathogenetic cascade of events hasn’t been entirely elucidated yet. However, research into this subject has discovered brain structures, peripheral pathways and neuropeptides which have key roles in pathogenesis. The basis of diagnosing cluster headaches is a detailed patient history and the exclusion of other primary headaches and potential secondary causes. Sex differences in clinical presentation need to be taken into consideration in order to avoid misdiagnosis. Treatment options are divided into three categories: acute, transitional and prophylactic treatment. Although there are a lot of treatment modalities available, further research is necessary in order to find new therapeutic targets and more effective prophylaxis, especially for chronic cluster headache.
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Thompson, Katrina Daly. "How to Be a Good Muslim Wife: Women’s Performance of Islamic Authority during Swahili Weddings". Journal of Religion in Africa 41, n.º 4 (2011): 427–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006611x599172.
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Abstract The existing literature on women of the Swahili Coast has focused largely on their involvement in activities labeled as non-Islamic by both male peers and scholars. However, Islam plays an important role in these women’s lives and they often bring Islamic knowledge to bear on their participation in seemingly secular activities. In this study I address women’s role as sex instructors with a specific focus on instructing a bride in contemporary Swahili weddings. Contextualizing participant observation within the existing literature on Swahili puberty rituals, sex instruction, weddings, and language ideologies, I find that the ritual involves a discursive performance of Islamic knowledge and thereby offers women who act as instructors a form of religious authority. This provides an important counterpoint to decontextualized representations of Swahili Islam as excluding women from positions of authority.
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Lasane, Terell P., William L. Howard, Alexander M. Czopp, Peter N. Sweigard, Gary G. Bennett y Franklin Carvajal. "Hypermasculinity and Academic Goal-Setting: An Exploratory Study". Psychological Reports 85, n.º 2 (octubre de 1999): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.85.2.487.
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The relation between gender-role percepts and academic goal-setting was explored. An inventory examining the aspects of masculinity that would facilitate or inhibit academic goal-setting was developed based on a literature review of how masculinity relates to academic behaviors. A diverse sample of students (120 male, 147 female, 14 not indicating sex) was measured on three aspects of sex and academic goal-setting behavior. Factor analysis confirmed the content validity of masculine factors having facilitative (Mastery Competitiveness) and inhibitory (Antisocial Competitiveness) academic properties. Regression analyses indicated that sex-role orientations (Competitiveness and Hypermasculinity) significantly predicted academic goal-setting behaviors ( R2 = .136). Finally, men scored higher than women on the subscales measuring Hypermasculinity and Antisocial or Competitiveness, while there were no sex differences on the Mastery Competitiveness subscale. The implications of these findings and suggestions for research are discussed.
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Schacht, Ryan y Ken R. Smith. "Causes and consequences of adult sex ratio imbalance in a historical U.S. population". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, n.º 1729 (31 de julio de 2017): 20160314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0314.
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The responsiveness of individuals to partner availability has been well-documented across the literature. However, there is disagreement regarding the direction of the consequences of sex ratio imbalance. Specifically, does an excess of males or females promote male–male mating competition? In an attempt to clarify the role of the adult sex ratio (ASR) on behaviour, here we evaluate both competing and complimentary expectations derived from theory across the social and biological sciences. We use data drawn from a historical, nineteenth century population in North America and target several life-history traits thought to be affected by partner availability: age at first birth, relationship status, completed fertility and longevity. Furthermore, we assess the role of various contributors to a population's ASR. We find that both the contributors to and consequences of sex ratio imbalance vary over time. Our results largely support predictions of greater male pairbond commitment and lesser male mating effort, as well as elevated bargaining power of women in response to female scarcity. After reviewing our findings, and others from across the literature, we highlight the need to adjust predictions in response to ASR imbalance by the: (i) culturally mediated mating arena, (ii) variable role of demographic inputs across time and place, (iii) constraints to behavioural outcomes across populations, and (iv) ability and accuracy of individuals to assess partner availability. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Adult sex ratios and reproductive strategies: a critical re-examination of sex differences in human and animal societies’.
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Taylor, Lia E. y Jennifer C. Sullivan. "Sex differences in obesity-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction: a protective role for estrogen in adipose tissue inflammation?" American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 311, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2016): R714—R720. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00202.2016.
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Obesity is a potent predictor of cardiovascular disease and associated risk factors, including hypertension. Systemic inflammation has been suggested by a number of studies to be an important link between excess adiposity and hypertension, yet the majority of the studies have been conducted exclusively in males. This is problematic since women represent ∼53% of hypertensive cases and are more likely than men to be obese. There is a growing body of literature supporting a central role for immune cell activation in numerous experimental models of hypertension, and both the sex of the subject and the sex of the T cell have been shown to impact blood pressure (BP) responses to hypertensive stimuli. Moreover, sex steroid hormones play an important role in energy homeostasis, as well as in the regulation of immune responses; estrogen, in particular, has a well-known impact on both cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to examine whether sex or sex hormones regulate the role of the immune system in the development of hypertension and related vascular dysfunction in response to metabolic changes and stimuli, including a high-fat diet.
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Keller, Kathleen, Samantha Kling, Bari Fuchs, Alaina Pearce, Nicole Reigh, Travis Masterson y Kara Hickok. "A Biopsychosocial Model of Sex Differences in Children’s Eating Behaviors". Nutrients 11, n.º 3 (22 de marzo de 2019): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030682.
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The prevalence of obesity and eating disorders varies by sex, but the extent to which sex influences eating behaviors, especially in childhood, has received less attention. The purpose of this paper is to critically discuss the literature on sex differences in eating behavior in children and present new findings supporting the role of sex in child appetitive traits and neural responses to food cues. In children, the literature shows sex differences in food acceptance, food intake, appetitive traits, eating-related compensation, and eating speed. New analyses demonstrate that sex interacts with child weight status to differentially influence appetitive traits. Further, results from neuroimaging suggest that obesity in female children is positively related to neural reactivity to higher-energy-dense food cues in regions involved with contextual processing and object recognition, while the opposite was found in males. In addition to differences in how the brain processes information about food, other factors that may contribute to sex differences include parental feeding practices, societal emphasis on dieting, and peer influences. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings, as they may have implications for the development of effective intervention programs to improve dietary behaviors and prevent obesity.
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Bagi, Zoltán y Szilvia Kusza. "Application of molecular genetic methods for birds (literature review)". Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, n.º 69 (23 de marzo de 2016): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/69/1785.
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Ornithology studies have been extended by molecular genetic techniques. In this paper we are dealing with the most common use of areas. Our basic aim is to give a comprehensive view of the most commonly used methods in ornithological studies, including the available results by their use. We also deal with the following areas: an essential step during examination namely the applicability of sample collecting methods, and the unique identification, also the sex determination, methodology of DNA barcoding, as well as the role of molecular methods to protect endangered species. We discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the methods, such as the current trend for each method.
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Kakhovsky, E. A. y N. V. Buraeva. "To the pathogenesis of cerebral circulation disorders in young women". Kazan medical journal 69, n.º 3 (15 de junio de 1988): 198–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj97285.
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In recent years, the dependence of vascular disease on age and sex has been widely discussed in the literature. Disturbance of hormonal activity of endocrine glands plays an important role in the development of circulatory pathology.
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Cook, Ellen Piel. "Psychological Androgyny". Counseling Psychologist 15, n.º 3 (julio de 1987): 471–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011000087153006.
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Androgyny represents a combination of personality characteristics traditionally associated with men (masculine) and those associated with women (feminine). This critical review provides an overview of basic assumptions, measures, research topics, and results of research in the androgyny literature. In particular, research on developmental perspectives emphasizes the importance of focusing upon how individuals systematically maintain and modify their perceptions and experiences as men and women over the life span. The impact of client and practitioner femininity and masculinity upon the counseling process remains poorly understood. Researchers and practitioners alike should recognize the complexity of sex-role-related phenomena, including the importance of situational factors and the role of individual differences in accounting for sex role behavior and adjustment.
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Grasso, Antonella, Antonio Di Zazzo, Giuseppe Giannaccare, Jaemyoung Sung, Takenori Inomata, Kendrick Co Shih, Alessandra Micera et al. "Sex Hormones Related Ocular Dryness in Breast Cancer Women". Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, n.º 12 (14 de junio de 2021): 2620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10122620.
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Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is strictly connected to systemic and topical sex hormones. Breast cancer treatment, the subsequent hormonal therapy, the subsequent hyperandrogenism and the early sudden menopause, may be responsible for ocular surface system failure and its clinical manifestation as dry eye disease. This local dryness is part of the breast cancer iatrogenic dryness, which affects overall mucosal tissue in the fragile population of those with breast cancer. Methods: A literature review regarding the role of sex hormone changes and systemic hormonal replacement treatments (SHRT) in DES available on PubMed and Web of Science was made without any restriction of language. Results: Androgens exert their role on the ocular surface supporting meibomian gland function and exerting a pro-sebaceous effect. Estrogen seems to show a pro/inflammatory role on the ocular surface, while SHRT effects on dry eye are still not well defined, determining apparently contradictory consequences on the ocular surface homeostasis. The role of sex hormones on dry eye pathogenesis is most likely the result of a strict crosstalk between the protective androgens effects and the androgen-modulating effects of estrogens on the meibomian glands. Conclusions: Patients with a pathological or iatrogenic hormonal imbalance, such as in the case of breast cancer, should be assessed for dry eye disease, as well as systemic dryness, in order to restore their social and personal quality of life.
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Macedo, Alex, Gabriel Silva Santos, José Fábio Lana, Renato Bevilacqua de Castro, Icaro Lanzoni Gallo Ingrao, Stephany Cares Huber, Saulo Cardoso Filho, Inácio Facó Ventura Vieira y William Murrell. "Correlation between Sex Hormone Deficiency and Osteoarthritis". Journal of Bone Biology and Osteoporosis 4, n.º 1 (5 de octubre de 2018): 82–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18314/jbo.v4i1.1241.
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This literature review explores recent and past investigations carried out by researchers in various settings pertaining to the orthopaedic field of medicine, in attempts to show a possible connection between the deficit in sex hormone levels and the potential consequences it brings about on orthopaedic health, namely, osteoarthritis. There is some evidence in the literature suggesting that suboptimal concentrations of steroid hormones can negatively impact bone health, making it more susceptible to physical injury, especially when the hormone in question is estrogen. Several studies have shown that this biomolecule is quite essential to human health due to its effects on not only sexual development and function but also on bone metabolism, in both men and women. Investigations revolving around estrogenic compounds reveal their significance in physical capacitation of adult individuals, since it has already been found that estrogens play a pivotal role on bone maintenance by directly interacting with osteocytes, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and even T-cells, to name a few examples. Large scale studies also bring up plausible evidence by evaluating the links between measured sex steroid concentrations and incidence of osteoarthritic joint replacement in adults. Taking that into consideration, there is sufficient motivation to look into hormonal fluctuation in adult individuals, calling for suitable medical intervention in order to keep a patient’s health under control, avoiding and even treating the detrimental effects caused by the deficiency of certain steroid hormones.
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Roelvink, Nico C. A., Wouter Kamphorst, H. August, M. van Alphen y B. Ramanath Rao. "Literature statistics do not support a growth stimulating role for female sex steroid hormones in haemangiomas and meningiomas". Journal of Neuro-Oncology 11, n.º 3 (diciembre de 1991): 243–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00165533.
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Pratami, Yustika rahmawati Rahmawati. "Strategy to improve adolescent knowledge on sex education: scoping review". International Journal of Health Science and Technology 2, n.º 3 (1 de abril de 2021): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/ijhst.v2i3.1957.
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Background : Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing adolescents for safe, productive lives, and understanding about HIV and AIDS, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unwanted pregnancy, Gender-Based Violence (GBV), and Gender inequality still pose serious risks to their well-being. Study Aim : Determine the method most instrumental in improving adolescents' knowledge about adolescent sex education and teens identify constraints in obtaining information on sex education. Methods : Stage approach to review the literature using framework Arskey and O'Malley. The framework used to manage with PEOS research questions so that the search strategy uses 5 databases, viz. Pubmed, Science Direct, Wiley, Proquest, And Ebsco with the identification of the relevant study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Each method has its contribution in providing information and knowledge about sex education to adolescents, however the source of the greatest role in providing sex education information mostly came from digital sources both internet and TV media. The lack of role of parents and teachers to provide enough information about sex education is reflected in the results and the above discussion. Problems in adolescent sexual behavior that negatively due to inaccurate sources such as peer and the internet and added with minimal information from parents and teachers in which teenagers hoping to get information about sex education from parents and teachers.
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McDermott, Rose. "Sex and Death: Gender Differences in Aggression and Motivations for Violence". International Organization 69, n.º 3 (2015): 753–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020818315000065.
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AbstractGreater theoretical consensus and cohesion could offer critical insights for the broader community of international relations scholars into the role that gender plays in spawning and sustaining processes of violence. This review essay examines the role of gender in generating and perpetuating violence and aggression, both in theory and practice. I make four central claims. First, in many studies involving the role of sex and gender in violence, specific causal models tend to remain underspecified. Second, a divergence in fundamental assumptions regarding the ontological basis of sex differences implicitly permeates and shatters this literature. Third, arguments that men and women are more or less likely to fight appear too simplistic; rather, it is worth considering that men and women may possess different motivations for fighting, and fight under different circumstances and for different reasons. Finally, systematic differences in the variant psychologies of men and women regarding the relative merit of offense and defense exert predictable consequences for public opinion surrounding the conduct of war in particular.
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McEntee-Atalianis, Lisa y Lia Litosseliti. "Narratives of sex-segregated professional identities". Narrative Inquiry 27, n.º 1 (21 de julio de 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.27.1.01mce.
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Abstract Building on recent investigations of the role of gendered discourses in constructing and maintaining sex-segregated professions this article highlights the significance of small story analysis for the identification of positioning acts which function as rhetorical warrants for career choices and trajectories. It analyses small stories told by Speech and Language Therapists (SLTs) and investigates the tensions expressed in the negotiation and performance of their gendered professional identities. Small stories act as a medium of professional identity construction, rapport-building and as a site of contestation, employed to (re)appraise the social order, particularly with respect to 'women's' and 'men's' work. Gendered discourses are shown to impact not only on the amount of men entering the SLT profession but also the specialisms and progression routes that men and women pursue. The analysis points to the reproductive and regulatory power of gendered discourses on individuals' experience of their gendered subjectivity and professional identity.
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Crislip, G. Ryan y Jennifer C. Sullivan. "T-cell involvement in sex differences in blood pressure control". Clinical Science 130, n.º 10 (1 de abril de 2016): 773–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20150620.
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Hypertension affects one-third of adults in the Western world and is the most common independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and the leading cause of premature death globally. Despite available therapeutic options, approximately half of the hypertensive population taking medication does not achieve adequate blood pressure (BP) control leaving them at increased risk of chronic kidney disease, renal failure, stroke, congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, aneurysm and peripheral artery disease. New therapeutic options need to be identified for the treatment of hypertension in order to increase the percentage of individuals with controlled BP. There is a growing basic science literature regarding the role of T-cells in the pathogenesis of hypertension and BP control; however, the majority of this literature has been performed exclusively in males despite the fact that both men and women develop hypertension. This is especially problematic since hypertension is well recognized as having distinct sex differences in the prevalence, absolute BP values and molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathophysiology of the disease. The purpose of this article is to review the available literature regarding sex differences in T-cells in hypertension followed by highlighting the potential pathways that may result in sex-specific effects on T-cell activation and differentiation.
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Mirzaii Najmabadi, Khadigeh y Farangis Sharifi. "Sexual Education and Women Empowerment in Health: A Review of the Literature". International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences 7, n.º 2 (19 de octubre de 2018): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15296/ijwhr.2019.25.
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Objectives: Women constitute almost 50% of the world population and play a number of roles in the community. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between sex education and women empowerment in health. Methods: Based on the aim of the study, the data were obtained reviewing the related literature on electronic and non-electronic websites and using equivalent keywords published until the last week of February 2018. In addition, mesh terms and key words were included in this research. Inclusion criteria were articles published from 2005 to February 2018. All the observation or interventional studies including ten articles which met the search criteria were studied. Results: The results revealed that sex education has different effects on sexual attitudes or activities of women. Further, it was effective in increasing the sexual autonomy of female college students. Furthermore, health providers’ contribution may improve sexual autonomy. In the current study, sex education programs were effective at increasing HIV/AIDS ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) knowledge and condom use, reducing the risk of unprotected intercourse and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as unplanned pregnancy and abortion. Finally, abstinence-plus sex education programs increased health knowledge while they reduced risky sexual behaviors. Conclusions: In general, sex education is a critical method of women empowerment in health through increasing their health knowledge and related behaviors. Therefore, a compilation program of sex education is more useful. Accordingly, seeking to place sex training in the educational curriculum in accordance with the culture of the countries is a necessity.