Tesis sobre el tema "Services écosystémiques – Modèles mathématiques"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Services écosystémiques – Modèles mathématiques".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Dinaharison, Jean Bienvenue. "Conception d’une approche spatialisée à base d’agent pour coupler les modèles mathématiques et informatiques : application à la modélisation du processus écosystémique du sol". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS184.
Texto completoSoil is a highly heterogeneous environment in which many processes interact to provide ecosystem services. Model coupling approaches propose to define such system by using a modular architecture in which various processes, represented by models, communicate to reproduce different aspects of a phenomenon such as soil functioning. In this thesis project, we develop such an approach for the purpose of modelling soil functioning. The challenges of such a scheme lie in solving representation problems of soil processes. These representation problems originate from the fact that models from various disciplines are reused to describe the processes. By representations problems, we mean model description which can be (individual or equation based), the temporal execution settings and data resolution. These coupling constraints are addressed by a number of approaches in the literature. All of them propose satisfactory solutions to these constraints in their respective application fields. In our approach, we use the agent paradigm to encapsulate the various soil processes. Then processes will communicate through the space by using resources inside it. The behaviour of the processes then depends on the availability of resources. A coordination problem can arise from this type of coupling, as processes may consume the resource simultaneously while the resource may not support this demand. To overcome that matter, we use an action-theoretic technique called Influence-Reaction to define strategies to manage this type of situation. We used algorithms suggested by the abbundant litterature to manage any processes temporality issues. This coupling approach was applied to a model of organic matter decomposition in which several processes (earthworms, microbes and roots) compete for soil ressources. The results suggest that the use of our approach is suitable for modelling soil functioning, but also gives more accurate indications of resource availability
Villanueva, Villa Antonio. "Services écosystémiques et paysage : Interactions dans un système socio-écologique à la périphérie de la Ville de Mexico". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0020.
Texto completoIn an era dominated by strong anthropogenic transformations, the search for new approaches to reconcile human activities and natural ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. In this sense, the concepts of "Ecosystem Services" and "Socio-Ecological Systems" are increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and are taken into account in political spheres to draw attention to the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems. These concepts lead to the study of complex links between society and nature, where the spatial dimension and landscape characteristics have a strong influence. However, few studies have been applied in a spatial approach.This thesis presents a research on the spatial dimension of Ecosystem Services, in particulary those of the temperate forests of the mountains on the periphery of Mexico City. Ecosystems have an important role to the human well-being through many ecosystem services. These Ecosystem Services are the result of complex interactions between nature and society.The Central Valley (central zone) of Mexico is a priority area for biodiversity conservation due to the high degree of endemism of the fauna and flora species present. In this zone where several protected natural areas are located, a public-private initiative is seeking to create a new conservation category that includes the management of all these areas. This initiative is known as the "Bosque de Agua" (Water Forest). However, in the "Bosque de Agua" the spatial stakes between nature and society are subject to strong anthropic pressures which are due to mining and agricultural activities and to the urban spread of large conurbations. In this space, these pressures lead to the degradation of natural ecosystems. Research is needed to analyse the spatial dimension of interactions between nature and society, by studying the synergy between Socio-Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Services.The thesis introduces the conceptual framework used to study the links between Ecosystem Services and Socio-Ecological Systems. It is considered in this research that Ecosystem Services are at the centre of the "Bosque de Agua" Socio-Ecological Ecological System.In the spatial modelling section, four Ecosystem Services were evaluated (water supply, wood supply, food supply and local climate regulation).The results of this section include a map of Ecosystem Services by identifying hotspots of Ecosystem Services. These results make explicit in space, through geographically weighted regressions, the impact of landscape characteristics on Ecosystem Services.In addition, the spatial coherence of protected natural areas and the spatial distribution of Ecosystem Services were assessed in terms of area. The objective is to create a typology of natural areas according to the surface area of protected and unprotected Ecosystem Services hotspots.Finally, a third result relates to the perception of local inhabitants of the intrinsic capacity of the "Bosque de Agua" to provide Ecosystem Services. This perceived capacity was assessed through field photo questionnaires
Vallet, Améline. "Tradeoffs between ecosystem services : From landscapes to stakeholders". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA011.
Texto completoEcosystems contribute to human well-being by providing multiple provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services (ES, i.e. benefits of nature to people). Even though appealing, landscape multifunctionality is challenging and conflicts may appear between competitive uses. In this PhD thesis, we analyzed tradeoffs between ES resulting from landscape configurations and their implications for multiple stakeholders. More precisely, we addressed the following questions: How do landscape configuration and evolution determine the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications for multiple stakeholders? How to study the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications? We mobilized interdisciplinary methods, relying on ecology, economics and sociology. We proposed a framework for analyzing temporal changes of ES and linking socio-economic drivers to ES demand at different scales. We applied it to the upper part of the Reventazón watershed in Costa Rica to reveal tradeoffs between ES. We compared different methods for assessing ES tradeoffs (correlations and production frontiers) and discuss their relevance for different decision context. Finally, we highlighted the tradeoffs between stakeholders by analyzing the differentiated distribution of ES benefits and participation in the governance of ES in the Mariño watershed (Peru)
Cadel, Maëlys. "Relations entre production agricole, services écosystémiques et impacts liés au fonctionnement du sol : Quels effets de systèmes de culture plus autonomes en azote en contexte de changement climatique ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1076.
Texto completoAgricultural soils provide many ecosystem services (ES) to farmers and Society such as green and blue water provision, nutrient provision to crops, water quality regulation, carbon sequestration etc. However, most cropping systems are still intensively managed, based on chemical inputs, with little to no consideration of the possible effects of such practices on the environment and the ability of soils to provide these ES. One issue of agroecological transition is to design more sustainable production systems, with limited use of chemical inputs, that provide and benefit from biodiversity and the ES support of agricultural production. We thus need to improve our knowledge on the spatio-temporal relationships that may exist between management practices, agricultural production, ES and environmental impacts. This manuscript synthesizes the results of a three years INRAE-ANDRA collaboration that aimed at providing key information on soil-crop functioning while facing this challenge. This work was structured into two parts. We first conducted a systematic literature review of the relationships between agricultural production, the ES and the impacts linked to soil functioning, within temperate annual production systems. In order to be able to compare the results of the 40 studies selected, we developed a new ontology of soil-based ES and impacts. This review evidenced mainly non-significant relationships between Biomass production and the ES and impacts investigated suggesting that there is no systematic trade-off between agricultural production and regulating ES. We also identified key relationships that have never been investigated in the studies selected as those between C sequestration and Physical soil quality regulation or Soil biodiversity. Also, an analysis of the effects of drivers of these ES revealed that the three pillars of conservation agriculture, as well as organic fertilization, seem promising practices to provide balanced bundles of ES. We then performed simulation analyses of actual and agroecological cropping systems of the French long-term Environmental Observatory of ANDRA. The objectives were to assess the effects of more N self-sufficient cropping systems, with a climate change mitigation purpose, on the temporal relationships between agricultural production, 5 ES and 3 impacts linked to soil functioning. These cropping systems were designed by implementing three agroecological management practices: a) long cover crops with legume (crimson clover), b) grain legumes (pea) and c) fodder legumes (alfalfa). To assess the performances of these systems, we used the STICS model, that simulates the functioning of the soil-crop system at a daily time-step. Simulations were run over two 20-years time periods: a first one for recent past climate (2000-2021) and a second one for future climate projection using RCP 8.5 (2036-2057). If most of the temporal relationships analysed were non-significant, results highlighted that the use of long cover crops in the rotation provided the highest values of N provision to crops and C sequestration and the lowest values of NO3 lixiviation
Byczek, Coline. "Une analyse multi-modèles des services écosystémiques de la région urbaine de Grenoble". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV036.
Texto completoEcosystem services (ES) have gained increased attention from both researchers and decision-makers in recent years. Multi-service approaches have been developed and applied at various spatial scales, allowing an environmental, social and economic diagnosis of territories. Disclosing spatial patterns of ecosystem services, untangling spatial and/or causal relationships between services, and revealing the existence of characteristic ‘service profiles’ (ES bundles), such studies have helped designing land planning options and fostering communication among stakeholders. To support such efforts, comprehensive modelling platforms have been created which can provide raw estimates of multiple ES with minimum data availability and modelling efforts. On the other hand, many accurate but highly specific and hardly reproducible methods remain inapplicable to most cases. Researchers are now challenged by a double objective: to develop generic and reproducible methods which can still provide relevant information in the context of the study area. In this direction, tier-based modelling approaches have been designed in order to offer answers adaptable to a variety of situations.Here we present a suite of generic ES models for the Grenoble living basin, a major urban area located at the foot of three mountain ranges and surrounded by large agricultural lowlands. By making relevant use of a variety of large-scale databases and online resources, these models characterize a large panel of biophysical aspects in a contrasted territory and yet provide relevant information for land planning concerns.We first present a suite of generic and spatially-explicit models built from national datasets or downscaled from larger studies using fully-automated processes, which provided estimates for carbon storage, prevention of soil erosion, Vertebrate species richness and biological control.Addressing the concerns associated with management of mountain areas for multiple objectives, we developed a model of recreation ES based on the use of GPS tracks downloaded from crowd-sourced websites. Integrated within a Recreation Opportunity Spectrum framework, this process allows a spatially-accurate assessment of both visitor presence and recreational multifunctionality.We then introduce a suite of SE provided by agrosystems. Building on the results of an analysis of teledetection images and agricultural statistics, we constructed a high-resolution map reflecting spatial patterns of crop systems, serving as a common base for modelling agricultural ES: production, maintenance of soil fertility, and regulation of water quality – assessed using additional public data sources and biophysical models.In the light of these results, we examine the implications of using models originating from several fields of research, each with its own philosophy, methodology, accuracy and data requirements, in multi-service approaches. The pooling of such information in a single analysis raises several questions, such as the complementarity of these models and the transfer of uncertainties from each single model to the whole study system. Beyond these technical aspects, the ultimate goal being to inform stakeholders, a communication work must therefore be carried out to efficiently convey the right messages from the expert to the user.This work presents three main development perspectives. The release of an autonomous module of the recreation model will favor its distribution to a larger public. Second, the suite of models will provide a relevant basis for analyzing spatial relationships between SE in accordance with local stakes: combined analyses of agricultural production, environmental efficiency and animal biodiversity in agrosystems, hotspot analyses of recreation SE and biodiversity in rural and mountain areas. Third, projection analyses according to scenarios of land use change will allow testing the capacity of these models to return relevant information for land planning
Radoszycki, Julia. "Résolution de processus décisionnels de Markov à espace d'état et d'action factorisés - Application en agroécologie". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0022/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis focuses on the resolution of problems of sequential decision makingunder uncertainty, modelled as Markov decision processes (MDP) whose state and actionspaces are both of high dimension. Resolution of these problems with a good compromisebetween quality of approximation and scaling is still a challenge. Algorithms for solvingthis type of problems are rare when the dimension of both spaces exceed 30, and imposecertain limits on the nature of the problems that can be represented.We proposed a new framework, called F3MDP, as well as associated approximateresolution algorithms. A F3MDP is a Markov decision process with factored state andaction spaces (FA-FMDP) whose solution policies are constrained to be in a certainfactored form, and can be stochastic. The algorithms we proposed belong to the familyof approximate policy iteration algorithms and make use of continuous optimisationtechniques, and inference methods for graphical models.These policy iteration algorithms have been validated on a large number of numericalexperiments. For small F3MDPs, for which the optimal global policy is available, theyprovide policy solutions that are close to the optimal global policy. For larger problemsfrom the graph-based Markov decision processes (GMDP) subclass, they are competitivewith state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of quality. We also show that our algorithmsallow to deal with F3MDPs of very large size outside the GMDP subclass, on toy problemsinspired by real problems in agronomy or ecology. The state and action spaces arethen both of dimension 100, and of size 2100. In this case, we compare the quality of thereturned policies with the one of expert policies. In the second part of the thesis, we applied the framework and the proposed algorithms to determine ecosystem services management strategies in an agricultural landscape.Weed species, ie wild plants of agricultural environments, have antagonistic functions,being at the same time in competition with the crop for resources and keystonespecies in trophic networks of agroecosystems. We seek to explore which organizationsof the landscape (here composed of oilseed rape, wheat and pasture) in space and timeallow to provide at the same time production services (production of cereals, fodder andhoney), regulation services (regulation of weed populations and wild pollinators) andcultural services (conservation of weed species and wild pollinators). We developed amodel for weeds and pollinators dynamics and for reward functions modelling differentobjectives (production, conservation of biodiversity or trade-off between services). Thestate space of this F3MDP is of size 32100, and the action space of size 3100, which meansthis F3MDP has substantial size. By solving this F3MDP, we identified various landscapeorganizations that allow to provide different sets of ecosystem services which differ inthe magnitude of each of the three classes of ecosystem services
Malouch, Naceur. "Modélisation et optimisation de mécanismes de services à valeur ajoutée dans Internet". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4003.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study two paradigms that aim to improve the best-effort service provided by the TCP/IP protocols of the Internet network. The thesis is organized in two parts. In the first part, we study differentiated services mechanisms. In particular, we develop models to evaluate the performance of TCP protocol in networks with multiple levels of assurance. We also use the model to investigate the problem of setting the parameters of routers with two drop probability functions. In the second part, we study overlay multicast, a new approach to improve the quality perceived by multicast applications. This approach requires the design of specific algorithms to optimize end-to-end delays and bandwidths. We propose and evaluate analytically and by simulation algorithms for overlay construction adapted to this kind of applications
Allain, Elodie. "La modélisation des coûts dans le secteur des services : une lecture au travers de l'utilisation de la variable "temps"". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G014.
Texto completoDemestihas, Constance. "Analyse des conflits et synergies entre services écosystémiques multiples en vergers de pommiers". Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0690/document.
Texto completoThe concept of « ecosystem service », which has been used increasingly since the publication of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005, has highlighted the importance of ecosystem’s non-marketed performances. In orchards, ensuring high productivity while preserving natural resources and human health has become a real challenge that could be analyzed with the concept of ecosystem service. Which ecosystem services are delivered in an apple orchard? How to analyze them? What are the relationships - conflicts or synergies – among multiple ecosystem services and how do cropping systems change multiple ecosystem service profiles? This PhD work aims at answering those questions with an innovative approach combining experimental measures, modeling and statistical analysis.Based on a literature review of ecosystem services in orchards, five services were selected: fruit production, nitrogen availability in soil, climate regulation based on the prevention of nitrogen denitrification and on carbon sequestration, maintenance and regulation of water cycle, including water quality, and pest control. We also considered the environmental disturbances caused by the use of pesticides. For each service, we identified the underlying ecosystem functions as well as the agricultural practices and soil and climate conditions affecting these functions. Services and functions were described by one or multiple indicators and quantified using models in the case of (i) nine existing cropping systems on two experimental sites in southeastern France differing in terms of soil and climate conditions, and (ii) 150 virtual cropping systems designed out of the combination of five major agricultural practice levers and their modalities, in identical soil and climate conditions. The two models used were STICS, a generic soil-crop simulation model under the influence of practices which required a parameterization and an evaluation on apple orchards based on experimental measures, and IPSIM, a generic modeling framework simulating the impacts of agricultural practices and local conditions on crop injuries caused by pests. IPSIM was parameterized on apple orchards, based on an important literature review and expert opinions. Model simulations were analyzed with simple statistics in the case of the nine existing cropping systems and with two-table multivariate analyses (principal component analysis with instrumental variables) for virtual cropping systems.Concerning the existing cropping systems, 14 important relationships were identified among ecosystem services, especially conflicts, like the one between nitrogen denitrification or leaching prevention and soil nitrogen availability on the short term, and synergies such as the one between soil humidity or carbon sequestration and nitrogen availability on the short term. These relationships are explained by the underlying ecosystem functions. Comparing service profiles among cropping systems highlighted the impacts of agricultural practices on some services. That way, on a same site, a high planting density increases fruit production and carbon sequestration. An exclusively organic fertilization decreases fruit production through nitrogen stress but also nitrogen leaching in drained water. Furthermore, service profiles are strongly influenced by the soil and climate conditions of each site. These results strengthen the need to explicitly consider the ‘agricultural practices x soil and climate conditions’ interdependence in order to analyze ecosystem services. The results obtained with the virtual cropping systems simulations confirmed those of the existing ones and gave precision on the impacts of fertilization, irrigation and pest control for codling moth, rosy apple aphid and apple scab on ecosystem functions and services
Njoh, Samuel. "Valorisation et couverture en marché incomplet : applications aux options sur prix spot électricité". Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0164.
Texto completoDavigny, Arnaud. "Participation aux services système de fermes d'éoliennes à vitesse variable intégrant du stockage inertiel d'énergie". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Davigny.pdf.
Texto completoWargon, Mathias. "Gestion des flux par les services d'urgence modélisation, prédiction et applications pratiques". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066547.
Texto completoTouati-Serradj, Nadjia. "Modèles et algorithme pour l'optimisation de l'offre de transport combiné dans un réseau de services avec demande élastique". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0459.
Texto completoCarpentier, Guillaume. "La conception et la gestion d'un réseau de service ambulancier". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24511/24511.pdf.
Texto completoRulleau, Bénédicte. "Services récréatifs en milieu naturel littoral et évaluation économique multi-attributs de la demande". Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40036.
Texto completoRecreational services provided by the natural environment are hightly heterogenous and most of them are non market. For management and policy making purpose however, it is useful to fully appreciate preferences for forests attributes and give a monetary value for outdoor recreation. This study aims at contributing to the debate on the economic value of outdoor recreation demand in multidimensional contexts. It exemines the contributions of multi-attribute methods that come from Lancaster's characteristicss approach. More precisely, we focus on the Multiple Programmes Contingent Valuation Method (MPCVM) and on Choise Experiments (CE). These relatively new approaches aim at differentiating recreaction by relevant attributes in order to examine the consequences of multidimensional changes in their provision and to identify visitor's trade'offs between attributes. We propose here an application to Stated-owned coastal sites in the Gironde area (Southwest France), where three adjoining wilderness areas (the ocean, the sand and the forest) form one sole site. A survey was conducted in summer 2006 on tourists and main and secondary residents. The MPCVM studies any "substitution effect" the may be between the programmes (recreational quality of natural areas). It also allows for the calculation of visitors' Willingness-To-Pay. The CE is applied to forest recreation. It identifies the relative influence of an attribute on visit choice. Finally, these methods raise several questions about the formulation of individual choices and about the inclusion of these choices in the valuation process
Marechal, Matthieu. "Equilibre de Nash généralisé et problèmes bi-niveaux : reformormulation, conditions d'optimalité et application aux marchés de l'électricité". Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1157.
Texto completoBeaudoin, Luc. "Évaluation de deux modèles de produits dérivés : pour le marché de l'électricité en Amérique du Nord". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24799/24799.pdf.
Texto completoAit, Haddadene Syrine Roufaida. "Modèles et méthodes pour la gestion logistique optimisée dans le domaine des services et de la santé". Thesis, Troyes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TROY0027/document.
Texto completoThis work addresses the vehicle routing problem (VRP) including timing constraints: time windows (TW), synchronization (S) and precedence (P), applied in Home Health Care sector; giving the VRPTW-SP. This problem consists in establishing a daily caregivers planning to patients' homes asking for one or several services. We have started by considering the problem as a single objective case. Then, a bi-objective version of the problem is introduced. For solving the single-objective problem, a Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP), two constructive heuristics, local search procedures and three local search based metaheuristics are proposed : a Greedy Randomized Adaptive Search procedure (GRASP), an Iterated Local Search (ILS) and a hybrid approach (GRASP × ILS). Regarding the bi-objective VRPTW-SP, different versions of multi-objective evolutionary algorithm, including various local research strategies are proposed: the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm version 2 (NSGAII), a generalized version of this latter with multiple restarts (MS-NSGAII) and an Iterated Local Search combined with the Non-dominated Sorting concept (NSILS). All these algorithms have been tested and validated on appropriate instances adapted from the literature. Finally, we extended the VRPTW-SP on a multi-period planning horizon and then proposed a MILP and a matheuristic approach
Feger, Clément. "Nouvelles comptabilités au service des écosystèmes. Une recherche engagée auprès d'une entreprise du secteur de l'environnement". Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0006/document.
Texto completoCurrent efforts to halt the destruction of the planet’s ecosystems and to reinforce and renew their collective management reside on three distinct innovation fronts: (1) the design and use of new ecosystem assessment tools by conservation scientists and practitioners; (2) the development of new social and environmental accounting frameworks and tools at the level of organization; (3) the contribution of the private sector to natural capital protection and maintenance. This doctoral thesis aims to relate these three domains of innovation to one another by mobilizing the accounting discipline as a pivot to connect ecological information systems and tools, diverse forms of collective action for ecosystem management, and private sector initiatives and accounting innovations. The thesis combines a work of theoretical construction with the results of an action-research conducted in an environmental sector company that seeks to develop new services specifically designed for the management of ecological systems. We first propose a new theoretical and practical perspective at the junction of accounting and conservation science centered on the collective management of ecological issues: the development of Management Accounting for Ecosystems. We show why and how they are complementary to all the other domains of ecosystem accounting innovation. Secondly, we introduce four organizational and strategic directions to think and guide the development of new “services to ecosystems” business models. To complement them, we suggest new accounts and accounting practices to help environmental sector companies negotiate and co-create ecological value with other stakeholders, and transform their own representation and quantification of corporate value
Rosas, Erika. "Services à base de communautés de confiance dans les réseaux P2P". Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066573.
Texto completoAït-Sadoune, Idir. "Modélisation et vérification formelles de compositions de services". Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESMA0016.
Texto completoThe ability to compose existing services to provide more complex functionality is one of the main benefits of SOA architecture. This services compositions process, especially Web services, is generally defined by a choreography or an orchestration of atomic services. These compositions are seen as a states-transitions systems expressing the communication protocol between the participating services. Services Workflows description languages, expressing these compositions, suffer from the lack of formal semantics and the presence of ambiguities in their constructors definitions in standards defining these languages. The associated tools do not offer the possibility to formally verify and validate the behaviour and the obtained services compositions properties. This thesis focuses on modelling and formal verification of the Web services composition described with the BPEL standard using the B event method. The proposed approach models the static and dynamic parts of BPEL and is based on refinement for structuring the BPEL process development. The theorem proving technique is used for setting properties. One-to-one link is guaranteed between the BPEL elements and their B Event corresponding. This correspondence provides assistance to developers to improve the quality of the BPEL process. This approach has been implemented in the BPEL2B tool
Peng, Jing. "Modèles de files d’attente pour l'analyse des stratégies de collaboration dans les systèmes de services". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC089/document.
Texto completoIn past twenty years, the service sector has emerged as the primary sector in the world economy, especially in developed countries. Competition and cooperation in service industries have become more and more popular in the context of economic globalization. How to operate the collaboration with a win-win agreement brings a fertile source of operations management issues in service science. In this thesis, we study collaborations between homogeneous service systems in terms of resource pooling strategies.In the first two parts, we investigate the cost-sharing problem among independent service providers with general service times and accounting for the customer abandonment. We model both the service provider and the cooperative coalition as single server queues, and specialize the capacity pooling strategies with the fixed and optimized service capacities.Finally, we address the service pooling problem in the multi-serverpooling setting to assess the quality of the "super-server" assumption.We numerically investigate the impact of service duration variability and customer abandonment on the pooling game. We compare between cost-sharing results of the two resource pooling concepts, with or without the "super-server" assumptions
Djenouhat, Manel Amel. "Un cadre sémantique formel pour la description, sélection et composition des services web". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1137.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to provide a suitable formal semantic framework that supports interoperability ofdifferent formalisms already used to describe and deploy a Web service. In other words, we contribute to thedevelopment of a rigorous mathematical formalism to describe a complex Web service that may change duringexecution and coordinate with other services adaptively. To achieve this goal, the steps of description, selectionand composition constitute the three major issues studied in this thesis.We proposed so, initially, through the use of the K semantic framework the K-WSDL : a Web servicesdescription language endowed with an operational semantics in terms of rewriting rules which can be executedand analyzed in Maude. We introduced, in a second step, WS-Sim, a new approach based on the category theorywhich evaluates the behavioral equivalence between services by representing each service by a category and byestablishing formal links (functor) between them. Finally, we present RMop-ECATNet (Refined Meta OpenECATNet): a formal model for the specification of services composition. product of the refinement of the Mop-ECATNets model, introduced initially by [LB14]. We extended and enriched this model at three distinct levels:at the structural, behavioural level and implementation levels
Abderrabi, Fatima. "Ordonnancement de la production des repas d’un hôpital dans un contexte d’amélioration du bien-être au travail". Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0036.
Texto completoThe research work carried out within the framework of this thesis was motivated by a real problem issued from the hospital field relating to the optimization of the food supply chain processes of the hospital of Troyes. The Troyes hospital center has implemented important measures to effectively meet the demands of patients and to improve working conditions and employee's well-being. The contribution of the present work consists in determining the best plan to meet the customers' demands in matters of meals and to propose axes and tracks to improve the well-being of the catering service employees. The objective is to provide methods and decision support tools for optimizing and reorganizing the food supply chain with particular attention to the human factor. The studied problem in this thesis is considered as a flexible job-shop with sequence-dependent setup times and splitting of jobs in batches with the presence of different types of resources. The studied optimization criterion is the minimization of the total flow time. A new mathematical model and hybrid metaheuristics have been developed based on genetic algorithms and iterative local search methods combined with local searches. The implementation results of these methods proved their effectiveness for the scheduling of food production processes and allowed significant improvements in the real organization and the performance of the studied production system
Darwish, Molham. "Architecture et déploiement de services d'aide à la personne". Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS411/document.
Texto completoThe ageing of the European population encouraged the community to search for solutions tosupport this evolution. In this context, several issues (related to the expensive and limited healthcare services and health facilities capacities) need to be addressed.Thus, several projects, research and industrial solutions have been proposed to address these issues.Most of these projects and industrial developments are based on the use of the latest ICT technicaldevelopments to provide solutions that ameliorate the well-being of the targeted ageing groupand to guaranty their independence in their own living spaces. The provided technologicalsolutions need to be guaranteed against potential faults which may lead to the systems failure andimpact the users’ needs and independency.In this work, we propose a home automation system representation, based on the user’s needs toprovide continuous and viable solutions that meets the users’ expectations, and ensuring theavailability of system’s services.For this goal, we propose to develop an integrated modeling framework allowing therepresentation of the home automation reconfigurable system with the consideration of a faulttolerance approach (based on the alternative definition of scenarios of system servicesdeliverance).In the proposed workflow, we describe the system structural elements (described as services andcomponents) in the design modeling view, and, we lead model transformation rules allowinggenerating an analysis model and a behavior model. The analysis model allows making a decisionabout the alternative elements selection in order to substitute the faulty elements. The analysismodel definition is based on the notion of Fault Tree Analysis approach (adopting the probabilityof events failure in order to evaluate a given system status).The behavior model is in charge of simulating the execution of the system services ensuring, thus,that the proposed scenarios lead to system services deliverance.Moreover, we propose to define an expert based feature measuring the importance of a system’scomponent within the service context. In this framework, we propose a new approach, based onthe joint integration of the importance factor into the Fault Tree Analysis approach in order to studythe criticality of the component, in case of failure, on the service continuity.We propose an experimental validation framework, based on several validation objectives toevaluate the proposed work in this research
Simon, Eric. "Sam : un environnement d'exécution pour les applications à services dynamiques et hétérogènes". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585623.
Texto completoLe, Tai. "Architectures électriques optimales de centrales photovoltaïques linéaires et services contribués au réseau". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT014.
Texto completoIn France, the Multiannual Energy Programming project published in early 2019 plans to multiply by 4 or 5 the production capacity of photovoltaic energy in less than 10 years. In this context of strong demand for "clean" energy, an electricity network with a high rate of renewable energy (ENR) (up to 30% in 2030 in France) and the expansion of solar energy, many large photovoltaic (PV) plants of the order of a few hundred MW each have to be installed. However, because of the required surfaces, the development of large-scale ground-mounted solar power plants can lead to conflicts of use with agricultural land and affect biodiversity. The question of the land availability for this use therefore becomes crucial.The objective of this thesis is to present and study a solution that can respond to this problem: take advantage of linear surfaces, extending from hundreds of meters to tens, or even hundreds of kilometers, and only a few meters or few tens of meters large, such as cycle paths, motorway edges, railways, river dikes, etc. to install high-power PV systems. These potential surfaces have the advantages of being very present in Europe and throughout the world, exploitable for PV and inexpensive (because of little value for other uses). The installation of new types of linear PV plants will open up opportunities but on the other hand, they also have challenges to face such as technical problems to identify and study.The work of this thesis will, in particular, consist in defining and optimizing the electrical architecture of these large-scale innovative linear photovoltaic systems, according to criteria related to energy performance, operating reliability and installation, maintenance costs because so-called classical architectures are unsuitable here. This thesis will also aim to identify the services contributed by these plants to the electricity network. It is divided into six chapters:- The first chapter presents the state of the art and the energy context of renewable energy, solar energy and linear PV systems.- In the second chapter, we develop a modeling tool, which must be at the same time precise, reliable, robust and which can be adapted to each of the simulation needs of the thesis. In this chapter, we present detailed Matlab / Simulink models of all major components of a typical PV system.- In the third chapter, we first constitute, from the detailed models of the components developed in the previous chapter, a complete model of a PV system. After verifying the reliability of this model, we use it to model different electrical architectures of a large-scale linear PV plant in order to estimate the relative performance of each of them, study the technical requirements or limits and determine innovative and more efficient architectures for this new type of PV system.- In the fourth chapter, we design an efficient optimization tool in order to deal with technical and economic optimization problems of large-scale linear PV systems, since financial aspects are always preponderant in the design of a plant and its components.- In the fifth chapter, we exploit the advantageous contributions that high power linear PV systems occupying a territory over a significant length can make regarding the services for the electricity network. Six different auxiliary services, or even system services are discussed: frequency adjustment, voltage adjustment, improvement of network stability, support capacity in the event of a short-circuit, congestion management and compensation of electricity transmission losses.- Finally, the thesis ends with a conclusion on the innovative points and the advantages of linear PV plants to offer the possibility of responding to real needs and provide benefits that conventional architectures cannot. We also make a review of the limits of current policy and technology regarding this new PV system type and open some perspectives that may follow this research
Fauré, Fabienne. "Gestion de configuration et migration dans les systèmes coopératifs : une architecture répartie orientée services". Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30253.
Texto completoJlassi, Jihen. "Amélioration de la performance par la modélisation des flux logistiques des patients dans un service d'urgence hospitalier". Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00637849.
Texto completoJaaidane, Touria. "Mecanismes incitatifs et sondages : applications a l'economie publique". Cergy-Pontoise, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CERG0044.
Texto completoJlassi, Jihène. "Amélioration de la performance par la modélisation des flux logistiques des patients dans un service d'urgence hospitalier". Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/146714687#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Texto completoEmergency departments have become a useful way to access hospital and it is a subject of study for many researchers. The research developed in this thesis aims to improve the performance of the emergency department (ED) of Habib Bourguiba Sfax Hospital and to minimise the cycle time of patients. In fact, the assessment of the performance of system has two steps: the first step is the modelling permitting the system to the model and the second step is the analysis of performances of the model. We started by the description and the modelling of the process by which pass the patients. We first used the extensions of IDEF3 called IDEF3x. In fact IDEF3 is a process description capture method whose primary goal is to provide a structured method by which a domain expert can describe a situation as an ordered sequence of events. Then, we proposed to move to the analysis step by the application of the two complementary techniques: the simulation and queuing networks. We proposed a simulation model which enables us to define indicators to evaluate the performance of the ED of Sfax hospital. The study consists of drawing a passage from a graphic model IDEF3x to a WITNESS model. We applicated the multiclass networks of queues to validate the results got by the simulation model. So booth results are coherent, they show that patients wait a long time to be served in both steps: the specialist physician and the generalist physician in the second passage of the patients. Thus we used the tree diagram and the fuzzy AHP method to determine the inductive of performance on which we have acted and launched again the Witness model. We finished by the application of the fuzzy PROMETHEE II method to the improvement of actions. These works lead us to conclude that analysis methods and management tools from manufacturing systems can be used to hospital systems. On the other hand, they are used to help the managers of the emergency department of Habib Bourguiba hospital to determine and to classify by order of importance the actions of improvement which permit the minimization of the cycle time of patients
Djenouhat, Manel Amel. "Un cadre sémantique formel pour la description, sélection et composition des services web". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1137/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is to provide a suitable formal semantic framework that supports interoperability ofdifferent formalisms already used to describe and deploy a Web service. In other words, we contribute to thedevelopment of a rigorous mathematical formalism to describe a complex Web service that may change duringexecution and coordinate with other services adaptively. To achieve this goal, the steps of description, selectionand composition constitute the three major issues studied in this thesis.We proposed so, initially, through the use of the K semantic framework the K-WSDL : a Web servicesdescription language endowed with an operational semantics in terms of rewriting rules which can be executedand analyzed in Maude. We introduced, in a second step, WS-Sim, a new approach based on the category theorywhich evaluates the behavioral equivalence between services by representing each service by a category and byestablishing formal links (functor) between them. Finally, we present RMop-ECATNet (Refined Meta OpenECATNet): a formal model for the specification of services composition. product of the refinement of the Mop-ECATNets model, introduced initially by [LB14]. We extended and enriched this model at three distinct levels:at the structural, behavioural level and implementation levels
Said, Roméo. "Middleware for service provision in disconnected mobile ad hoc networks". Lorient, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LORIS224.
Texto completoLes réseaux mobiles ad hoc (MANETs) se forment spontanément à partir d'un nombre de terminaux mobiles qui communiquent en utilisant des interfaces sans fil à faible portée (e. G. Wi-Fi, Bluetooth). Dans la plupart des réseaux ad hoc déployés dans des conditions réelles, les terminaux mobiles peuvent avoir des comportements de mobilité et de volatilité très dynamiques. À cause de leur mobilité, leur faible portée, et leur volatilité, les terminaux forment des îlots de connectivité qui évoluent continuellement. Dans cette thèse, je vise ce type de réseaux, qui sont appelés MANETs discontinus. Les communications dans les MANETs discontinus présentent un défi parce que les protocoles de routages conçus pour les MANETs connexes ne s'appliquent pas. L'approche store-carry-and-forward permet à un noeud de stocker temporairement un message, afin de l'envoyer plus tard quand les conditions deviennent favorables. La mobilité des noeuds devient un avantage en facilitant la propagation des messages : un noeud peut transférer un message d'un îlot vers un autre. L'approche orientée services semble appropriée pour mettre en oeuvre des applications dans les MANETs discontinus à cause de la nature découplée des entités. En effet, le découplage entre un client un fournisseur de service est essentielle dans un environnement où la disponibilité des fournisseurs est fluctuante, et où les communications de bout en bout ne sont pas garanties. Malgré ce découplage, dans les systèmes orientés services existants, les fournisseurs sont supposés toujours disponibles (e. G. Services Web). Les fournisseurs sont aussi considérés accessibles dans les réseaux locaux utilisant des bornes Wi-Fi, ou bien dans les réseaux ad hoc de proximité à un saut ou routés à plusieurs sauts. Bien que l'approche orientée services semble appropriée dans les MANETs discontinus, la mise en oeuvre de services distribués nécessite des communications dans l'ensemble du réseau malgré la fragmentation. En outre, la mise en oeuvre doit prendre en compte l'accessibilité non prévisible des fournisseurs, ainsi que les délais potentiels de la communication. Cette thèse propose une plate-forme de services pour les terminaux mobiles, qui supporte l'exécution d'applications orientées services dans les MANETs discontinus. La plate-forme consiste en un intergiciel structuré en deux couches : une couche communication et une couche service. La couche communication permet le découplage entre deux entités en terme d'interactions dans le temps, de comportement synchrone, et de connaissance mutuelle. Pour cette couche, un protocole opportuniste et basé contenu est utilisé (DoDWAN). La couche service permet le découplage entre les fournisseurs de services et les clients en terme d’interopérabilité et de contrat de service. Pour cette couche, des solutions de découverte et d'invocation de services sont proposées. Les éléments du protocole de découverte sont la description et la publication du coté fournisseur, et la collection et sélection du coté client. La description utilise des propriétés fonctionnelles et non-fonctionnelles du service, ainsi que des propriétés contextuelles. La découverte est basé sur le modèle pair-à-pair, où un client ne collectionne que les services intéressants. Les invocations sont basées contenus pour bénéficier de la réplication de services, dans les cas où plusieurs fournisseur peuvent fournir le même service métier. Le client crée sa requête selon un fournisseur déjà découvert, mais il publie cette requête pour être reçue par tous les fournisseurs compatibles. Après être satisfait, le client peut commencer de guérir le réseaux des messages résiduelles. Les fournisseurs aussi peuvent guérir le réseaux avant même la satisfaction du client. Des simulations dans un MANET discontinu sont effectuées. La performance de la découverte est directement liée à celle du protocole de communication. Les simulations montrent que l'utilisation des invocations basées contenus permet des meilleurs temps de réponses et une meilleure satisfaction du client. Les simulations montrent aussi que les mécanismes de guérison du réseau sont efficaces
Bellot, Benoit. "Améliorer les connaissances sur les processus écologiques régissant les dynamiques de populations d'auxiliaires de culture : modélisation couplant paysages et populations pour l'aide à l'échantillonnage biologique dans l'espace et le temps". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B008/document.
Texto completoA promising alternative to the chemical control of pests consists in favoring their natural enemies populations by managing the agricultural landscape structure. Identifying favorable spatio-temporal structures can be performed through the exploration of landscape scenarios using coupled models of landscapes and population dynamics. In this approach, population dynamics are simulated on virtual landscapes with controlled properties, and the observation of population patterns allows for the identification of favorable structures. Population modeling however relies on a good knowledge about the ecological processes and their variability within the landscape elements. Current state of knowledge about the ecological mechanisms underlying natural enemies’ of the carabid family population dynamics remains a major obstacle to in silico investigation of favorable landscape scenarios. Literature about the relationship between carabid population and landscape properties allows the formulation of competing hypotheses about these processes. Reducing the number of these hypotheses by analyzing the convergence between their associated population patterns and investigating the stability of their convergence along a landscape gradient appears to be a necessary tep towards a better knowledge about ecological processes. In a first step, we propose a heuristic method based on the simulation of reaction-diffusion models carrying these competing hypotheses. Comparing the population patterns allowed to set a model typology according to their response to the landscape variable, through a classification algorithm, thus reducing the initial number of competing hypotheses. The selection of the most likely hypothesis from this irreducible set must rely on the observation of population patterns on the field. This implies that population patterns are described with spatial and temporal resolutions that are fine enough to select a unique hypothesis among the ones in competition. In the second part, we propose a heuristic method that allows determining a priori sampling strategies that maximize the robustness of ecological hypotheses selection. The simulation of reaction-diffusion models carrying the ecological hypotheses allows to generate virtual population data in space and time. These data are then sampled using strategies differing in the total effort, number of sampling locations, dates and landscape replicates. Population patterns are described from these samples. The sampling strategies are assessed through a classification algorithm that classifies the models according to the associated patterns. The analysis of classification performances, i.e. the ability of the algorithm to discriminate the ecological processes, allows the selection of optimal sampling designs. We also show that the way the sampling effort is distributed between its spatial and temporal components is strongly impacting the ecological processes inference. Reducing the number of competing ecological hypotheses, along with the selection of sampling strategies for optimal model inference both meet a strong need in the process of knowledge improvement about the ecological processes for the exploration of landscape scenarios favoring ecosystem services. In the last chapter, we discuss the implications and future prospects of our work
Von, Niederhäusern Léonard. "Conception et tarification de nouveaux services en énergie dans un environnement compétitif". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECLI0004.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to develop and study mathematical models of economical exchanges between energy suppliers and consumers, using demand-side management. On one hand, the suppliers offer time-of-use electricity prices. On the other hand, energy consumers decide on their energy demand schedule, minimizing their electricity bill and the inconvenience due to schedule changes. This problem structure gives rise to bilevel optimization problems.Three kinds of models are studied. First, single-leader single-follower problems modeling the interaction between an energy supplier and a smart grid operator. In this first approach, the level of details is very high on the follower’s side, and notably includes a stochastic treatment of distributed generation. Second, a multi-leader multi-follower problem is studied from the point of view of the best response of one of the suppliers. Aggregators are included in the lower level. Two new resolution methods based on a selection of Nash equilibriums at the lower level are proposed. In the third and final part, the focus is on the evaluation of noncooperative equilibriums for this multi-leader multi-follower problem.All the problems have been studied both from a theoretical and numerical point of view
Sbayou, Mariem. "Modélisation et simulation des systèmes de production de services : application à un système de sante". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0422/document.
Texto completoThe rapid growth of the services sector, especially modern services, is a remarkable trend around the world. The complexity of conceptualizing services is often related to their modeling, their design, and the management of possible interactions between the customer and the provider. One of the fundamental public services is health services, the major challenges faced by health services are: governance, coordination and accessibility to care. The accessibility of care is usually linked to an unbalanced geographic distribution of doctors and a high waiting time. In this context, an approach based on Modeling and Simulation taking into account the possible heterogeneity of modeling environments is proposed in order to analyze the problems related to the management of a service territory. This approach aims to give a global vision of the functioning of the service system studied, by taking into account the related factors impacting both the choice of service users and the process of service production
Domingues, Santos João Pedro. "Métabolisme socio-écologique des territoires d’élevage : une approche de comptabilité environnementale". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IAVF0026/document.
Texto completoThe development of the livestock sector in the past century undergone a strong intensification. The current heterogeneity of livestock areas in France may have arisen from a spatial differentiation of intensification process. Different degrees of disconnection between livestock and land have resulted in contrasted levels of performance and impacts across areas. To date, a lot of research effort has been directed at measuring environmental impacts and economic performance of livestock systems at the farm level. Insufficient attention has been paid to the three dimensions of sustainability and to trade-offs among them. Existing livestock heterogeneities across areas also deserve more research. An approach that enables connecting livestock to land and resources, at regional level, could bring novel insights on the role of livestock in use and transformation of resources. The goal of this PhD was to develop a holistic assessment of livestock areas using multimetric indicators encompassing positive and negative contributions. We compiled three databases at the department level: i) database 1 was related to socioeconomic, land use, and production characteristics of 88 French departments, within an extensive time frame (1938-2010); ii) database 2 included data on crop, fodder and livestock production for year 2010; iii) database 3 included measures of provision of cultural, environmental and social services for 60 departments. With the first database, we created a typology of intensification trajectories based on a multivariate approach. With the second database, we assessed the nitrogen metabolism of livestock areas, based on the material flows accounting (MFA) approach, from which we derived indicators of performance and impacts to study synergies and trade-offs. With the third database, we studied the influence of past intensification on the current provision of services by the livestock sector. A multivariate approach was used to assess how different rates of change in intensification variables determined contrasted levels of services. First, we showed that the intensification of the French livestock sector was spatially differentiated and based on four trajectories, ranging from extensive to intensive livestock areas, and from crop specialized to areas where livestock had a small share of national production. Livestock productivity and stocking rates had a 3 fold increase in intensive areas, whereas extensive areas had a 1.6 fold increase. Crop specialized areas lose more than half of their original fodder area, and tripled the average farm size and more than quadrupled their labor productivity. Non-dominated livestock areas lose 30% of initial livestock population, and half of their initial fodder area. Second, the study of synergies and trade-offs revealed that gains in efficiency and economies of scale, often compromised other dimensions, e.g. through increased environmental impacts. The spatial analysis of relationship between performance and impacts revealed two types of synergies linked to the type of impact, either land or product-based. Both of which were in trade-off. Third, we showed that the provision of services was spatially structured and based on three types of service bundles, determined by different rates of change in intensification variables. Changes towards grazing systems resulted in higher provision of environmental and cultural services, whereas changes towards intensive systems resulted in higher levels of social services; but this was achieved at the cost of environmental services. This PhD thesis furthered the understanding on the temporal trajectories of livestock sector across areas in France. This knowledge could help to improve livestock sustainability. Our work provided knowledge on the drivers that shaped current intensification patterns and the provision of cultural, environmental and social services. It could be used to examine options for desirable longterm changes of the livestock sector
Villemur, Thierry. "Conception de services et de protocoles pour la gestion de groupes coopératifs". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1995. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00146528.
Texto completoBazoun, Hassan. "Contributiion à une méthodologie pour la modélisation des systèmes de services et d'ingénierie grâce à une approche dirigée par les modèles : l'architecture, la transformation et la simulation du modèle". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0166/document.
Texto completoIn today’s world of business, manufacturers are facing many challenges. Business strategiesivare changing and manufacturers are entering new markets and striving to meet new andchanging customer needs. Manufacturers are outsourcing more components and services tosuppliers around the world, restructuring their internal operating and information systems, andre-engineering production processes to eliminate waste and lower costs. They are changingthe nature of their organizations by partnering with other companies in complex supply chainsand business networks that now extend globally. Manufacturing is being redefined by changesin market place and how companies react to them. As a result, many manufacturers wanted tomake the shift to services as a solution, but they find themselves trapped in the world ofproducts. At the end of the nineties, the concept of Service in Manufacturing appeared and theevolution from an economy of products towards an economy of services surrounding productsbecame more and more important in manufacturing. The process of creating value by addingservices to a tangible product has first been called “servitization”. Based on the problematic ofServitization and service system engineering and in order to reduce effort and time in servicesystem engineering, this thesis (as being part of the MSEE project) contributed in thedevelopment of solutions. The contribution of the thesis’s result can be classified into relatedand connected pillars. The first pillar is the participation in the development of the ModelDriven Service Engineering Architecture (MDSEA) which permits Virtual ManufacturingEnterprises (VME) to model their service systems (AS-IS and TO-BE models) starting frommodeling the system from business experts angle and then adding more details to reach thedevelopers and technical experts angle. The second pillar is the development of a modelingand simulation tool, the SLMToolBox. This tool is a partial implementation of MDSEA andits name Service Lifecycle Management ToolBox implies a role in the service’s lifecycle. Thethird pillar is the development of a DEVS graphical editor and simulator integrated in theSLMToolBox
Fam, Pape Abdoulaye. "Modélisation, analyse et optimisation de réseaux hybrides unicast-broadcast pour la diffusion de services multimédias linéaires et non linéaires". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAR0002/document.
Texto completoThe increasing popularity of linear multimedia services such as mobile TV, broadcasting live and sports events to mobile and portable devices, has led to a dramatic growth of the mobile data traffic. Indeed, the reason of this growth is related to the consumption of video content either as a linear service (live TV) or as a non-linear service (time-shifted or on demand), by many users on different devices (tablets, smartphones, laptops, etc.) connected to a cellular network. In cellular networks, these types of services are usually delivered over unicast connections, i.e. as many times as the number of users. This strategy is likely to lead to critical situations, e.g. network congestion at the expense of the quality of service. Thus, to deal with this mobile data traffic explosion and the lack of frequency bands, operators need to densify their radio access network infrastructure (RAN) and deploy heterogeneous and hybrid access networks using multiple technologies (WiFi / small cell (3G / 4G)), that enable data offloading.In this context, this thesis focuses on the definition and optimization of a hybrid network, where a unicast network (LTE) and a broadcast network (DVB-T2 Lite, DVB-NGH, LTE-eMBMS, etc.) cooperate to deliver multimedia content to mobile and portable devices.Firstly, we focus on the modeling and simulation of the hybrid unicast-broadcast network for the delivery of linear services. We consider a coverage extension scenario, where the coverage area of the broadcast network can be adjusted with respect to the distribution of the users and the number of users requesting the service. Using the TU-Wien system level simulator, we evaluate the performance of the hybrid network in terms of capacity, power consumption and energy efficiency.Secondly, with the proposed model, we provide a theoretical method to find an analytical expression of the broadcast coverage area that optimizes the service capacity, the power consumption and the energy efficiency of the hybrid network with respect to the quality of service requirements. Indeed, the theoretical results are in agreements with the simulation ones. Based on the proposed model, we analyze the impact of the number of users requesting the service on the optimal broadcast coverage area.Finally, we focus on the extension of the proposed hybrid network for the delivery of the non-linear services such as video on demand and file download services. We state an optimization problem regarding the constraints of these non-linear services, especially the waiting and downloading time and the transmission errors. This thesis provides great insights on the potential benefits that such hybrid approaches may bring in a context of “4G advanced” and “5G” networks where the UHF broadcasting spectrum is under pressure for being partly or completely attributed to mobile broadband operators due to the predicted explosion of the mobile data traffic
Bousbia, Salah Ben Hédi. "Proposition d'une architecture logique d'un système de pilotage hétérarchique évolutif par apprentissage". Valenciennes, 2006. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f4f6c179-dce7-4067-b5bf-86303e5ced21.
Texto completoWe are interested in this study in the performances’ continuous improvement of the Production Systems of Goods and Services (PSGS) which organization and structure of control have significantly evolved these last years. In this work, we propose a systemic modelling of the PSGS. In addition, we propose an original approach of control based on a total distribution of the decision-making capacities on the various entities which compose the system. This local decision-making is based on a set of strategies which takes into account the real state of the system. Moreover, capacities of learning are integrated in the control system. The learning’s mechanisms consist on an evaluation a posteriori of the performances realized by the last entities which leave the system in order to determine the best strategy to adopt for the entering ones. The results obtained through a simulation using a discret-event showed the interest of our approach
Alimi, Vincent. "Contributions au déploiement des services mobiles et à l'analyse de la sécurité des transactions". Phd thesis, Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN2061.
Texto completoElectronic transactions have paved the way for a multitude of services in various forms : a home banking web portal, an access control smart card opening a door or paying a transit fare, or an application downloaded onto a computer or a mobile device such a personal digital assistant or a mobile phone. The latter category of mobile equipment is extremely promising in terms of service offers. Indeed, a mobile handheld device is connected to the Internet with speeds higher and higher and is also more powerful. With the advent of the NFC (Near Field Communication) technology and secure architectures, mobile devices now has the ability to host sensitive applications in a secure chip, called « Secure Element ». Unlike plastic form factors, the Secure Element is a dynamic environment where you can download applications that will be accessible by a reader such as a point of sale or an access control reader. Those services are called mobile contactless services or NFC mobile services. We propose in this thesis several contributions to facilitate the deployment of mobile services based on a Secure Element. The adoption of this high added value services relies on an infrastructure and tools shared by different actors. As a first step, we propose three contributions to aid the deployment of mobile services Secure Element based allowing to: facilitate the personalization of a Secure Element by a TSM non-owner thereof, facilitate the exchange of keys for the TSM and perform a transaction with a mobile phone as a point of sale. In a second step, we focus on the analysis of payment transactions
Avanesov, Tigran. "Résolution de contraintes de déductibilité : application à la composition de services Web sécurisés". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00641237.
Texto completoGlaa, Besma. "Contribution à la conception et l’optimisation d’un système d’aide à la gestion des urgences". Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/35/96/07/PDF/THESE-GLAA-VFinale.pdf.
Texto completoEmergency management is one of the principal hospital missions. Since the 90s, hospitals have answered, through the emergency structure, an exponential request for not programmed care, which posed the problem of the dimensioning of the structure and its means. This situation provoked enormous organisational problems. In front of this situation, the hospital decision-makers miss tools witch are indispensable to re-size the emergency resources and to choose the new emergency organization. They shall also allow the planning of the emergency management as well as human and material resources allocation. In response to these needs, this thesis proposes an approach of assistance to the management of emergency systems. This approach tackles three principal problems. At first, we focus our attention on the modelling of emergency processes and its main paths. This modelling, coupled with patients flow simulation, will enable us to analyze the functioning of the emergency structure and to determine the parameters which influences the emergency process. We are interested, secondly, in the nursing staff’s allocation by taking into account their profile of competence evolution using the linear programming. In the third time, we shall study the problem of in hospital vital emergencies management. By means of a process modelling combined with a simulation, we proceed to an approach of conception and evaluation of in hospital survival chain. We tackle, in this last stage, the question of appointment of mobile resuscitation emergency team as well as the positioning of semi automatic defibrillator
Sukhbaatar, Uyanga. "Un modèle de simulation pour une infrastructure logistique dédiée à la fourniture de services mobiles sensibles au contexte : application au tourisme". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM040/document.
Texto completoThis research work aims to investigate the several variants of trip planning problems and develop efficient technique to solve that optimization problem. In order to model this kind of problem the Orienteering Problem became the promising starting point. Therefore, this basic model is extended to several variants in order to enable additional tourist functionalities. Based on the algorithm that is successfully applied to the certain version of problem, we proposed the Iterated Local Search Algorithm to tackle the Time Dependent Multi Constraint Team Orienteering Problem with Time Windows. The simple MCTOPTW takes into account money budget limitation as multiple constraints in addition to time window and associated satisfaction score while the TDMCTOPTW considers the integration of urban public transportation network into the MCTOPTW
Vilmarest, Joseph de. "Modèles espace-état pour la prévision de séries temporelles. Application aux marchés électriques". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS108.
Texto completoElectricity storage capacities are still negligible compared to the demand. Therefore, it is fundamental to maintain the equilibrium between consumption and production, and to that end, we need load forecasting. Numerous patterns motivate the study of time-varying models, including: changes in people's habits, increasing renewable capacities, more recently the coronavirus crisis. This thesis aims to propose adaptive methods for time series forecasting. We focus on state-space models, where the environment (or context) is represented by a hidden state on which the demand depends. Thus, we try to estimate that state based on the observations at our disposal. Based on our estimate, we forecast the load. The first objective of the thesis is to enrich the link between optimization and state-space estimation. Indeed, we see our methods as second-order stochastic gradient descent algorithms, and we treat a particular case to detail that link. The second contribution concerns variance estimation in state-space models. Indeed, the variances are the parameters on which the models' dynamics crucially relies. The third part of the manuscript is the application of these methods to electricity load forecasting. Our methods build on existing forecasting methods like generalized additive models. The procedure allows to leverage advantages of both. On the one hand, statistical models learn complex relations to explanatory variables like temperature. On the other hand, state-space methods yield model adaptation
Ayari, Naouel. "Modélisation des connaissances et raisonnement à base d'ontologies spatio-temporelles : application à la robotique ambiante d'assistance". Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1023.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we propose a generic framework for modeling and managing the context in ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The contextual knowledge considered is of several types and derived from multimodal perceptions : spatial and / or temporal knowledge, change of states and properties of entities, statements in natural language. To do this, we proposed an extension of the Narrative Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (NKRL) language to reach a unified representation of contextual knowledge whether spatial, temporal or spatio-temporal and perform the associated reasoning. We have exploited the expressiveness of the n-ary ontologies on which the NKRL language is based to bearing on the problems encountered in the spatial and dynamic knowledge representation approaches based on binary ontologies, commonly used in ambient intelligence and robotics. The result is a richer, finer and more coherent modeling of the context allowing a better adaptation of user assistance services in the context of ambient and robotic intelligent systems. The first contribution concerns the modeling of spatial and / or temporal knowledge and contextual changes, and spatial, temporal or spatial-temporal inferences. The second contribution concerns the development of a methodology allowing to carry out a syntactic treatment and a semantic annotation to extract, from a statement in natural language, spatial or temporal contextual knowledge in NKRL. These contributions have been validated and evaluated in terms of performance (processing time, error rate, and user satisfaction rate) in scenarios involving different forms of services: wellbeing assistance, social assistance, assistance with the preparation of a meal
Petitet, Marie. "Long-term dynamics of investment decisions in electricity markets with variable renewables development and adequacy objectives". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLED032/document.
Texto completoIn liberalised electricity systems, power markets are expected to ensure the long-term coordination of investments in order to guarantee security of supply, sustainability and competitiveness. In the reference energy-only market, it relies on the ability of power markets — where the hourly price is aligned with the marginal cost of the system — to provide an adequate price-signal for investors. However, in practice, questions have been raised about its ability to trigger investments in low-carbon technologies including in particular Renewable Energy Sources of Electricity (RES-E), and its ability to ensure capacity adequacy. After a characterisation of these market failures, this dissertation tackles the two research topics within a methodological framework based on a System Dynamics model developed to simulate private investment decisions in power markets.First, the results show that substituting out-of-market support mechanisms for RES-E by market-based investments helped by the sole implementation of a carbon price appears as a feasible solution to trigger RES-E development providing that there is a political commitment on a high carbon price. Second, it also appears that the energy-only market with price cap is ineffective to ensure capacity adequacy. Adding a capacity market or removing the price cap both bring benefits in terms of loss of load expectation and social welfare. Moreover, the capacity market is identified as the best option for regulators among the considered market designs
Beaufils, Mickaël. "Fusion de données géoréférencées et développement de services interopérables pour l’estimation des besoins en eau à l’échelle des bassins versants". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0847/document.
Texto completoNowadays, preservation of the environment is a main priority. Understanding of environmental phenomena requires the study and the combination of an increasing number of heterogeneous data. Several international initiatives (INSPIRE, GEOSS) aims to encourage the sharing and exchange of those data.In this thesis, the interest of making scientific models available on the web is discussed. The value of using applications based on geospatial data is demonstrated. Several methods and means that satisfy the requirements of interoperability are also purposed.Our approach is illustrated by the implementation of models for estimating agricultural and domestic water requirements. Those models can be used at different spatial scales and temporal granularities. A prototype based on a complete web service oriented architecture was developed. The tool is based on the OGC standards Web Feature Service (WFS), Sensor Observation Service (SOS) and Web Processing Service (WPS).Finally, taking into account the imperfections of the data is also discussed with the integration of methods for sensitivity analysis and uncertainty propagation
Bouzian, Mohamed. "Modélisation et optimisation de la qualité d'expérience client des services data sur le réseau mobile. Application au vidéo streaming". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR4061/document.
Texto completoIn recent years, mobile devices have become more powerful in terms of computing power, memory, size and screen quality. These improvements have greatly stimulated demand for multimedia services including video streaming. Moreover, customers are increasingly demanding in terms of the quality rendered on this type of service. In addition, a bad experience of video streaming has a great impact on the perception that customers have of the operator. Optimizing the quality of experience (QoE) of customers on the services of video streaming is thus a major competitive challenge. In this thesis, we are interested in modeling and optimizing the QoE of the streaming services taking into account the usages and the mobility of the clients. In particular, we are interested in two strategies for delivering content on the mobile network: the Fast Caching strategy and the On-Off strategy. We develop analytical models that allow us to calculate major indicators of the QoE for the streaming service that are: i) starvation, which drives operators to send more video content to customers and ii) the loss due to abandoning the video playback, which pushes them to send video content in a strictly reasonable manner. An optimal balance is to be found. We also propose QoE oriented strategies by maintaining a good level of QoE over the entire network and optimizing the QoE indicators of streaming services