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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Services écosystémiques – Modèles mathématiques"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Services écosystémiques – Modèles mathématiques"
Cissé, Mohamed, Babou André Bationo, Salifou Traoré y Issaka Joseph Boussim. "Perception d’espèces agroforestières et de leurs services écosystémiques par trois groupes ethniques du bassin versant de Boura, zone soudanienne du Burkina Faso". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 338 (11 de febrero de 2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2018.338.a31680.
Texto completoMulongoy, Kalemani Jo y Annie Cung. "Évaluation des écosystèmes en début de millénaire : conclusions et retombées". Les ateliers de l'éthique 4, n.º 1 (11 de abril de 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1044580ar.
Texto completoBaulaz, Yoann, Jean-Marcel Dorioz y Véronique Peyrache-Gadeau. "Exploration fonctionnelle du territoire des grands lacs alpins par le prisme des services écosystémiques". Collection EDYTEM. Cahiers de géographie 21, n.º 1 (2021): 103–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/edyte.2021.1450.
Texto completoLe Clec'h, Solen, Johan Oszwald, Nicolas Jégou, Simon Dufour, Pierre André Cornillon, Izildinha de Souza Miranda, Luiz Gonzaga, Michel Grimaldi, Valéry Gond y Xavier Arnauld de Sartre. "Cartographier le carbone stocké dans la végétation : perspectives pour la spatialisation d¿un service écosystémique". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 316, n.º 316 (1 de junio de 2013): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2013.316.a20529.
Texto completoPiponiot, Camille. "Quel futur pour les forêts de production en Amazonie ? Du bilan carbone de l’exploitation forestière à la recherche de compromis entre services écosystémiques (bois d’œuvre, biodiversité et carbone)". BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 341 (20 de julio de 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2019.341.a31731.
Texto completoLIMA RESQUE, Antonio Gabriel. "Le concept de services écosystémiques peut-il faciliter la transition agroécologique dans l’Amazonie brésilienne ? Résultats d’une approche de recherche par méthodes mixtes à Irituia et Paragominas, dans l’État du Pará." BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES 350 (4 de enero de 2022): 83–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/bft2021.350.a36832.
Texto completoBAUMONT, René y Jean-Louis PEYRAUD. "avant-propos". INRA Productions Animales 28, n.º 1 (10 de enero de 2020): 3–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2015.28.1.3005.
Texto completoLoireau, Maud, Mireille Fargette, Moussa Dieng y Moussa Sall. "Cadre conceptuel pour l’étude de la relation société-milieu : attache et insertion au monde". BASE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25518/1780-4507.20308.
Texto completoClémence, Émilie Crouzat, Coline Byczek, Rémy Lasseur, Thomas Cordonnier, Pierre-Yves Longaretti y Sandra Lavorel. "Cartographier les services écosystémiques : quelles données, quels modèles, quelles incertitudes ? Exemple autour du bassin de vie de Grenoble". Environnement Urbain 11 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1050487ar.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Services écosystémiques – Modèles mathématiques"
Dinaharison, Jean Bienvenue. "Conception d’une approche spatialisée à base d’agent pour coupler les modèles mathématiques et informatiques : application à la modélisation du processus écosystémique du sol". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS184.
Texto completoSoil is a highly heterogeneous environment in which many processes interact to provide ecosystem services. Model coupling approaches propose to define such system by using a modular architecture in which various processes, represented by models, communicate to reproduce different aspects of a phenomenon such as soil functioning. In this thesis project, we develop such an approach for the purpose of modelling soil functioning. The challenges of such a scheme lie in solving representation problems of soil processes. These representation problems originate from the fact that models from various disciplines are reused to describe the processes. By representations problems, we mean model description which can be (individual or equation based), the temporal execution settings and data resolution. These coupling constraints are addressed by a number of approaches in the literature. All of them propose satisfactory solutions to these constraints in their respective application fields. In our approach, we use the agent paradigm to encapsulate the various soil processes. Then processes will communicate through the space by using resources inside it. The behaviour of the processes then depends on the availability of resources. A coordination problem can arise from this type of coupling, as processes may consume the resource simultaneously while the resource may not support this demand. To overcome that matter, we use an action-theoretic technique called Influence-Reaction to define strategies to manage this type of situation. We used algorithms suggested by the abbundant litterature to manage any processes temporality issues. This coupling approach was applied to a model of organic matter decomposition in which several processes (earthworms, microbes and roots) compete for soil ressources. The results suggest that the use of our approach is suitable for modelling soil functioning, but also gives more accurate indications of resource availability
Villanueva, Villa Antonio. "Services écosystémiques et paysage : Interactions dans un système socio-écologique à la périphérie de la Ville de Mexico". Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IAVF0020.
Texto completoIn an era dominated by strong anthropogenic transformations, the search for new approaches to reconcile human activities and natural ecosystems is becoming increasingly important. In this sense, the concepts of "Ecosystem Services" and "Socio-Ecological Systems" are increasingly used in different scientific disciplines and are taken into account in political spheres to draw attention to the benefits that humans derive from ecosystems. These concepts lead to the study of complex links between society and nature, where the spatial dimension and landscape characteristics have a strong influence. However, few studies have been applied in a spatial approach.This thesis presents a research on the spatial dimension of Ecosystem Services, in particulary those of the temperate forests of the mountains on the periphery of Mexico City. Ecosystems have an important role to the human well-being through many ecosystem services. These Ecosystem Services are the result of complex interactions between nature and society.The Central Valley (central zone) of Mexico is a priority area for biodiversity conservation due to the high degree of endemism of the fauna and flora species present. In this zone where several protected natural areas are located, a public-private initiative is seeking to create a new conservation category that includes the management of all these areas. This initiative is known as the "Bosque de Agua" (Water Forest). However, in the "Bosque de Agua" the spatial stakes between nature and society are subject to strong anthropic pressures which are due to mining and agricultural activities and to the urban spread of large conurbations. In this space, these pressures lead to the degradation of natural ecosystems. Research is needed to analyse the spatial dimension of interactions between nature and society, by studying the synergy between Socio-Ecological Systems and Ecosystem Services.The thesis introduces the conceptual framework used to study the links between Ecosystem Services and Socio-Ecological Systems. It is considered in this research that Ecosystem Services are at the centre of the "Bosque de Agua" Socio-Ecological Ecological System.In the spatial modelling section, four Ecosystem Services were evaluated (water supply, wood supply, food supply and local climate regulation).The results of this section include a map of Ecosystem Services by identifying hotspots of Ecosystem Services. These results make explicit in space, through geographically weighted regressions, the impact of landscape characteristics on Ecosystem Services.In addition, the spatial coherence of protected natural areas and the spatial distribution of Ecosystem Services were assessed in terms of area. The objective is to create a typology of natural areas according to the surface area of protected and unprotected Ecosystem Services hotspots.Finally, a third result relates to the perception of local inhabitants of the intrinsic capacity of the "Bosque de Agua" to provide Ecosystem Services. This perceived capacity was assessed through field photo questionnaires
Vallet, Améline. "Tradeoffs between ecosystem services : From landscapes to stakeholders". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA011.
Texto completoEcosystems contribute to human well-being by providing multiple provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services (ES, i.e. benefits of nature to people). Even though appealing, landscape multifunctionality is challenging and conflicts may appear between competitive uses. In this PhD thesis, we analyzed tradeoffs between ES resulting from landscape configurations and their implications for multiple stakeholders. More precisely, we addressed the following questions: How do landscape configuration and evolution determine the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications for multiple stakeholders? How to study the tradeoffs between ecosystem services and their implications? We mobilized interdisciplinary methods, relying on ecology, economics and sociology. We proposed a framework for analyzing temporal changes of ES and linking socio-economic drivers to ES demand at different scales. We applied it to the upper part of the Reventazón watershed in Costa Rica to reveal tradeoffs between ES. We compared different methods for assessing ES tradeoffs (correlations and production frontiers) and discuss their relevance for different decision context. Finally, we highlighted the tradeoffs between stakeholders by analyzing the differentiated distribution of ES benefits and participation in the governance of ES in the Mariño watershed (Peru)
Cadel, Maëlys. "Relations entre production agricole, services écosystémiques et impacts liés au fonctionnement du sol : Quels effets de systèmes de culture plus autonomes en azote en contexte de changement climatique ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ORLE1076.
Texto completoAgricultural soils provide many ecosystem services (ES) to farmers and Society such as green and blue water provision, nutrient provision to crops, water quality regulation, carbon sequestration etc. However, most cropping systems are still intensively managed, based on chemical inputs, with little to no consideration of the possible effects of such practices on the environment and the ability of soils to provide these ES. One issue of agroecological transition is to design more sustainable production systems, with limited use of chemical inputs, that provide and benefit from biodiversity and the ES support of agricultural production. We thus need to improve our knowledge on the spatio-temporal relationships that may exist between management practices, agricultural production, ES and environmental impacts. This manuscript synthesizes the results of a three years INRAE-ANDRA collaboration that aimed at providing key information on soil-crop functioning while facing this challenge. This work was structured into two parts. We first conducted a systematic literature review of the relationships between agricultural production, the ES and the impacts linked to soil functioning, within temperate annual production systems. In order to be able to compare the results of the 40 studies selected, we developed a new ontology of soil-based ES and impacts. This review evidenced mainly non-significant relationships between Biomass production and the ES and impacts investigated suggesting that there is no systematic trade-off between agricultural production and regulating ES. We also identified key relationships that have never been investigated in the studies selected as those between C sequestration and Physical soil quality regulation or Soil biodiversity. Also, an analysis of the effects of drivers of these ES revealed that the three pillars of conservation agriculture, as well as organic fertilization, seem promising practices to provide balanced bundles of ES. We then performed simulation analyses of actual and agroecological cropping systems of the French long-term Environmental Observatory of ANDRA. The objectives were to assess the effects of more N self-sufficient cropping systems, with a climate change mitigation purpose, on the temporal relationships between agricultural production, 5 ES and 3 impacts linked to soil functioning. These cropping systems were designed by implementing three agroecological management practices: a) long cover crops with legume (crimson clover), b) grain legumes (pea) and c) fodder legumes (alfalfa). To assess the performances of these systems, we used the STICS model, that simulates the functioning of the soil-crop system at a daily time-step. Simulations were run over two 20-years time periods: a first one for recent past climate (2000-2021) and a second one for future climate projection using RCP 8.5 (2036-2057). If most of the temporal relationships analysed were non-significant, results highlighted that the use of long cover crops in the rotation provided the highest values of N provision to crops and C sequestration and the lowest values of NO3 lixiviation
Byczek, Coline. "Une analyse multi-modèles des services écosystémiques de la région urbaine de Grenoble". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAV036.
Texto completoEcosystem services (ES) have gained increased attention from both researchers and decision-makers in recent years. Multi-service approaches have been developed and applied at various spatial scales, allowing an environmental, social and economic diagnosis of territories. Disclosing spatial patterns of ecosystem services, untangling spatial and/or causal relationships between services, and revealing the existence of characteristic ‘service profiles’ (ES bundles), such studies have helped designing land planning options and fostering communication among stakeholders. To support such efforts, comprehensive modelling platforms have been created which can provide raw estimates of multiple ES with minimum data availability and modelling efforts. On the other hand, many accurate but highly specific and hardly reproducible methods remain inapplicable to most cases. Researchers are now challenged by a double objective: to develop generic and reproducible methods which can still provide relevant information in the context of the study area. In this direction, tier-based modelling approaches have been designed in order to offer answers adaptable to a variety of situations.Here we present a suite of generic ES models for the Grenoble living basin, a major urban area located at the foot of three mountain ranges and surrounded by large agricultural lowlands. By making relevant use of a variety of large-scale databases and online resources, these models characterize a large panel of biophysical aspects in a contrasted territory and yet provide relevant information for land planning concerns.We first present a suite of generic and spatially-explicit models built from national datasets or downscaled from larger studies using fully-automated processes, which provided estimates for carbon storage, prevention of soil erosion, Vertebrate species richness and biological control.Addressing the concerns associated with management of mountain areas for multiple objectives, we developed a model of recreation ES based on the use of GPS tracks downloaded from crowd-sourced websites. Integrated within a Recreation Opportunity Spectrum framework, this process allows a spatially-accurate assessment of both visitor presence and recreational multifunctionality.We then introduce a suite of SE provided by agrosystems. Building on the results of an analysis of teledetection images and agricultural statistics, we constructed a high-resolution map reflecting spatial patterns of crop systems, serving as a common base for modelling agricultural ES: production, maintenance of soil fertility, and regulation of water quality – assessed using additional public data sources and biophysical models.In the light of these results, we examine the implications of using models originating from several fields of research, each with its own philosophy, methodology, accuracy and data requirements, in multi-service approaches. The pooling of such information in a single analysis raises several questions, such as the complementarity of these models and the transfer of uncertainties from each single model to the whole study system. Beyond these technical aspects, the ultimate goal being to inform stakeholders, a communication work must therefore be carried out to efficiently convey the right messages from the expert to the user.This work presents three main development perspectives. The release of an autonomous module of the recreation model will favor its distribution to a larger public. Second, the suite of models will provide a relevant basis for analyzing spatial relationships between SE in accordance with local stakes: combined analyses of agricultural production, environmental efficiency and animal biodiversity in agrosystems, hotspot analyses of recreation SE and biodiversity in rural and mountain areas. Third, projection analyses according to scenarios of land use change will allow testing the capacity of these models to return relevant information for land planning
Radoszycki, Julia. "Résolution de processus décisionnels de Markov à espace d'état et d'action factorisés - Application en agroécologie". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAT0022/document.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis focuses on the resolution of problems of sequential decision makingunder uncertainty, modelled as Markov decision processes (MDP) whose state and actionspaces are both of high dimension. Resolution of these problems with a good compromisebetween quality of approximation and scaling is still a challenge. Algorithms for solvingthis type of problems are rare when the dimension of both spaces exceed 30, and imposecertain limits on the nature of the problems that can be represented.We proposed a new framework, called F3MDP, as well as associated approximateresolution algorithms. A F3MDP is a Markov decision process with factored state andaction spaces (FA-FMDP) whose solution policies are constrained to be in a certainfactored form, and can be stochastic. The algorithms we proposed belong to the familyof approximate policy iteration algorithms and make use of continuous optimisationtechniques, and inference methods for graphical models.These policy iteration algorithms have been validated on a large number of numericalexperiments. For small F3MDPs, for which the optimal global policy is available, theyprovide policy solutions that are close to the optimal global policy. For larger problemsfrom the graph-based Markov decision processes (GMDP) subclass, they are competitivewith state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of quality. We also show that our algorithmsallow to deal with F3MDPs of very large size outside the GMDP subclass, on toy problemsinspired by real problems in agronomy or ecology. The state and action spaces arethen both of dimension 100, and of size 2100. In this case, we compare the quality of thereturned policies with the one of expert policies. In the second part of the thesis, we applied the framework and the proposed algorithms to determine ecosystem services management strategies in an agricultural landscape.Weed species, ie wild plants of agricultural environments, have antagonistic functions,being at the same time in competition with the crop for resources and keystonespecies in trophic networks of agroecosystems. We seek to explore which organizationsof the landscape (here composed of oilseed rape, wheat and pasture) in space and timeallow to provide at the same time production services (production of cereals, fodder andhoney), regulation services (regulation of weed populations and wild pollinators) andcultural services (conservation of weed species and wild pollinators). We developed amodel for weeds and pollinators dynamics and for reward functions modelling differentobjectives (production, conservation of biodiversity or trade-off between services). Thestate space of this F3MDP is of size 32100, and the action space of size 3100, which meansthis F3MDP has substantial size. By solving this F3MDP, we identified various landscapeorganizations that allow to provide different sets of ecosystem services which differ inthe magnitude of each of the three classes of ecosystem services
Malouch, Naceur. "Modélisation et optimisation de mécanismes de services à valeur ajoutée dans Internet". Nice, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NICE4003.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study two paradigms that aim to improve the best-effort service provided by the TCP/IP protocols of the Internet network. The thesis is organized in two parts. In the first part, we study differentiated services mechanisms. In particular, we develop models to evaluate the performance of TCP protocol in networks with multiple levels of assurance. We also use the model to investigate the problem of setting the parameters of routers with two drop probability functions. In the second part, we study overlay multicast, a new approach to improve the quality perceived by multicast applications. This approach requires the design of specific algorithms to optimize end-to-end delays and bandwidths. We propose and evaluate analytically and by simulation algorithms for overlay construction adapted to this kind of applications
Allain, Elodie. "La modélisation des coûts dans le secteur des services : une lecture au travers de l'utilisation de la variable "temps"". Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1G014.
Texto completoDemestihas, Constance. "Analyse des conflits et synergies entre services écosystémiques multiples en vergers de pommiers". Thesis, Avignon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AVIG0690/document.
Texto completoThe concept of « ecosystem service », which has been used increasingly since the publication of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment in 2005, has highlighted the importance of ecosystem’s non-marketed performances. In orchards, ensuring high productivity while preserving natural resources and human health has become a real challenge that could be analyzed with the concept of ecosystem service. Which ecosystem services are delivered in an apple orchard? How to analyze them? What are the relationships - conflicts or synergies – among multiple ecosystem services and how do cropping systems change multiple ecosystem service profiles? This PhD work aims at answering those questions with an innovative approach combining experimental measures, modeling and statistical analysis.Based on a literature review of ecosystem services in orchards, five services were selected: fruit production, nitrogen availability in soil, climate regulation based on the prevention of nitrogen denitrification and on carbon sequestration, maintenance and regulation of water cycle, including water quality, and pest control. We also considered the environmental disturbances caused by the use of pesticides. For each service, we identified the underlying ecosystem functions as well as the agricultural practices and soil and climate conditions affecting these functions. Services and functions were described by one or multiple indicators and quantified using models in the case of (i) nine existing cropping systems on two experimental sites in southeastern France differing in terms of soil and climate conditions, and (ii) 150 virtual cropping systems designed out of the combination of five major agricultural practice levers and their modalities, in identical soil and climate conditions. The two models used were STICS, a generic soil-crop simulation model under the influence of practices which required a parameterization and an evaluation on apple orchards based on experimental measures, and IPSIM, a generic modeling framework simulating the impacts of agricultural practices and local conditions on crop injuries caused by pests. IPSIM was parameterized on apple orchards, based on an important literature review and expert opinions. Model simulations were analyzed with simple statistics in the case of the nine existing cropping systems and with two-table multivariate analyses (principal component analysis with instrumental variables) for virtual cropping systems.Concerning the existing cropping systems, 14 important relationships were identified among ecosystem services, especially conflicts, like the one between nitrogen denitrification or leaching prevention and soil nitrogen availability on the short term, and synergies such as the one between soil humidity or carbon sequestration and nitrogen availability on the short term. These relationships are explained by the underlying ecosystem functions. Comparing service profiles among cropping systems highlighted the impacts of agricultural practices on some services. That way, on a same site, a high planting density increases fruit production and carbon sequestration. An exclusively organic fertilization decreases fruit production through nitrogen stress but also nitrogen leaching in drained water. Furthermore, service profiles are strongly influenced by the soil and climate conditions of each site. These results strengthen the need to explicitly consider the ‘agricultural practices x soil and climate conditions’ interdependence in order to analyze ecosystem services. The results obtained with the virtual cropping systems simulations confirmed those of the existing ones and gave precision on the impacts of fertilization, irrigation and pest control for codling moth, rosy apple aphid and apple scab on ecosystem functions and services
Njoh, Samuel. "Valorisation et couverture en marché incomplet : applications aux options sur prix spot électricité". Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0164.
Texto completoLibros sobre el tema "Services écosystémiques – Modèles mathématiques"
J, Saunders Robert. Telecommunications and economic development. 2a ed. Baltimore: Published for the World Bank [by] the Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.
Buscar texto completoQueueing methods: For services and manufacturing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1991.
Buscar texto completoQuinzii, Martine. Increasing returns and efficiency. New York: Oxford University Press, 1992.
Buscar texto completoPartial differential equation analysis in biomedical engineering: Case studies with MATLAB. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2012.
Buscar texto completoKate, Karban, ed. Contemporary mental health: Theory, policy, and practice. London: Routledge, 2005.
Buscar texto completoElectricity cost modeling calculations. Burlington, MA: Academic Press/Elsevier, 2011.
Buscar texto completoMedical device data and modeling for clinical decision making. Boston: Artech House, 2011.
Buscar texto completoSimulations in nanobiotechnology. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012.
Buscar texto completo1946-, Goldberg Larry, ed. The decision model: A framework for business logic and business-driven SOA. Boca Raton: Auerbach, 2010.
Buscar texto completoSally, Burnie, ed. Becoming a reflective practitioner. 4a ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
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