Literatura académica sobre el tema "Serve dei poveri"

Se attraverso i dati ufficiali (ISTAT, MIUR e altre Istituzioni) si può analizzare dal punto di vista statistico il fenomeno della povertà educativa, costruendo graduatorie territoriali, na-zionali e internazionali, sono le indagini direttamente rivolte ai ragazzi, o anche agli educa-tori, a dare completezza al quadro complessivo del rischio di marginalizzazione a cui sono esposti i minori. Dal 2014 il CNR-IRPPS ha svolto una serie di indagini rivolte ai giovani delle scuole secondarie, sia inferiori che superiori, per approfondire la conoscenza sulla condizione giovanile. Si tratta di esperienze pratiche derivanti dalle attività di ricerca di due progetti del CNR-IRPPS, uno dedicato alla pratica dello sport come veicolo di integrazione sociale (IRPPS WPs n. 106 e 108), che è stato realizzato attraverso quattro survey distinte, e l'altro più specificamente dedicato allo studio della condizione giovanile (IRPPS WPs n. 107; Tintori e Cerbara, 2016) sia in contesti territoriali limitati che a livello nazionale. In entram-bi i progetti un team di ricercatori si è recato nelle scuole per effettuare, durante l'indagine, l'osservazione diretta del comportamento degli studenti ammessi nel campione, rivelando una serie di elementi importanti, in primo luogo per la scuola che è chiamata ad intervenire anche sulla povertà educativa, ma anche a livello di ricerca sociale più allargata. Partendo dal presupposto che la povertà educativa solo in parte coincide con la povertà eco-nomica, i dati raccolti dimostrano che, anche quando le condizioni economiche sono accetta-bili, può verificarsi la presenza di fattori di rischio di esclusione sociale che spesso si so-vrappongono, fino a determinare una vera e propria barriera che impedisce ai ragazzi di vedersi nello stesso modo dei propri pari. Vivere in una famiglia con background migratorio oppure con uno status culturale non elevato, ma anche essere donna, costituiscono elementi sufficienti perché i giovani rimangano vittime di condizionamenti sociali che impediscono lo-ro di scegliere il proprio futuro. E anche i comportamenti devianti (uso di sostanze pericolo-se, atti di violenza verbale o fisica, ecc.) possono essere determinati da situazioni di disagio correlabili con una povertà culturale che è più difficile da determinare ma che è altrettanto importante delle altre declinazioni di povertà. Alla voce degli studenti si aggiunge poi quella dei docenti che, attraverso le due indagini con-dotte dal CNR-IRPPS, hanno potuto esprimere il proprio parere sulla situazione dei giovani da un punto di osservazione particolare ed hanno dato alcune indicazioni su come la scuola potrebbe intervenire per limitare le situazioni di difficoltà nell'integrazione tra i giovani.

A tre anni dall'introduzione del "Reddito di Cittadinanza" in Italia, nel dibattito pubblico non è stato compresa a sufficienza la reale portata di una riforma che vincola, almeno sulla carta, il riconoscimento di un sussidio di ultima istanza a precisi e rigidi obblighi. In questo articolo si forniscono una serie di ipotesi per spiegare questo fenomeno che sarà interpreta- to sia in termini culturali che politici. Si utilizzerà una categoria ripresa da Antonio Gram- sci, quella di "rivoluzione passiva", adeguatamente contestualizzata e rielaborata. Si spie- gherà come il reddito di cittadinanza sia configurabile, per come è stato concepito e per come è stato gestito fino ad oggi, nella stessa cornice. In particolare, sarà evidenziato il doppio ruolo svolto da una simile misura: da un lato, essa si muove in una prospettiva di giustizia sociale, ma riconosce un sostegno condizionato nel tempo solo a una parte dei po- veri assoluti statisticamente rilevati in base a criteri meramente fiscali; dall'altro lato, evi- denzia l'esigenza di un controllo sociale vincolato a un'idea astratta di lavoro e distingue i poveri abili al lavoro da quelli non abili.

Gregory Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa between them composed three orations on love of the destitute poor: Nazianzen's Oration 14, Peri philoptōchias and Nyssen's On love of the poor 1 and 2 (De beneficentia and In illud: quatenus uni ex his fecistis mihi fecistis). All three situate leprosy as the most extreme, and therefore paradigmatic, form of poverty as a basis for exhorting Christians to the practice of love. Those suffering from leprosy were stigmatised and excluded from society even by Christians, yet the Gregories exhort them to serve Christ by serving them, supporting pastoral entreaty with theological argument. This paper aims to introduce these orations to those unfamiliar with them and contribute new insights to those who already know them. After situating them in their historical context I summarise each then comment on their content, highlighting Nazianzen's reconfiguration of classical motifs in the service of a revisionist social policy and Christian anthropology rooted in the imago Dei and Nyssen's recourse to ascetic theory with marked similarities to that of Egyptian desert asceticism as taught by Evagrius. This paper's discussion of these prophetic orations will contribute to knowledge of them and by extension of the two Gregories.

Gli angiomi cavernosi cerebrali (ACC) sono una delle malformazioni vascolari del SNC meno frequenti. É nota peraltro la possibilità di ricorrenza familiare con modalità di trasmissione autosomica dominante. Presentiamo una famiglia italiana, seguita lungamente nel tempo, in cui 10 soggetti in 4 generazioni presentano ACC. Il reperto cerebrale era associato ad angioma cavernoso epatico (ACE) in 2 soggetti e ad angioma cavernoso retinico (ACR) in uno. La TC, eseguita in 9 soggetti, ha dimostrato una maggior capacità rispetto alla RM di rilevare le calcificazioni spesso presenti in queste malformazioni; la RM ha evidenziato d'altra parte un numero maggiore di cavernomi, soprattutto in sede sottotentoriale. 7 pazienti sono stati sottoposti ad esame angiografico con tecnica digitale sottrattiva. In nessun caso è stata dimostrata malformazione angiomatosa di tipo artero-venoso ed in 1 solo caso è stata rilevata una lieve persistenza di contrasto nelle fasi capillare-venose. Riteniamo meritevole di segnalazione questa famiglia per: l'associazione di ACC con ACE segnalata in 1 solo caso in letteratura (Filling - Katz) e la contemporanea associazione, pur in un solo paziente, di ACR; la costante molteplicità delle lesioni cerebrali, quasi sempre presenti sia in sede sopra che sottotentoriale; il contrasto tra la povertà dei sintomi e l'imponenza del quadro radiologico e la sua variabilità espressiva nelle diverse generazioni; l'elevato numero di soggetti affetti rispetto ad altre famiglie riportate in letteratura. I rilievi clinico-radiologici nella presente casistica ed i dati riportati dalla letteratura suggeriscono la necessità di uno studio neuroradiologico complementare TC ed RM nei soggetti affetti da ACC e nei familiari. Va peraltro tenuta presente la possibilità attuale di selezionare i pazienti da sottoporre ad angiografia tradizionale sulla base dei reperti ottenibili con angio-RM. Va sottolineata infine l'opportunità di una attenta e ponderata valutazione della terapia chirurgica proposta da molti autori, data la relativa benignità del decorso clinico riscontrata nei soggetti della nostra serie casistica.

The overall objective of the study was to identify the problems of sustainable development of environmentally valuable areas of the Lubelskie Voivodship, as seen from the perspective of local authorities. Implementation of the adopted objective was served by the analysis of the results of research carried out in 2013 in the Lubelskie Voivodship in the 30 communes of the greatest ecological value in the Lubelskie Voivodship according to the index developed by D. Guzal-Dec within the assessment of natural value in the study of the ecological value of rural and urban-rural communes of the Lubelskie Voivodship and the analysis of documents of local development strategies of the researched communes. The study included a questionnaire survey of 383 councilors representing 86% of respondents. In light of the conducted analysis we can claim that problems of socio-economic development, such as unemployment, poverty, emigration of young people, difficulty in developing social capital, poor infrastructure — both social and technical, including roads and sewers, are still important issues of sustainable development. and environmental problems are not seen as important when compared to the essential problems of socio-economic development, as well as the small scale of direct environmental threats.

Purpose A cost-oriented data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a non-parametric tool for discriminating the best performers from a number of homogenous decision-making units (DMU) using allocative efficiency, technical efficiency and a cost-based efficiency score. Cost of each resource has been an important input in such cases. However, the purpose of this paper is to propose a method, which, in absence of it, helps to define the targeted output for all DMUs. Eigenvector derived from the first principal component of specific covariance matrix from each allocated outputs is used here for computing such targets. An orthogonal projection of resources to such radial directions is another indicator of a relative economic use of resources. Unlike regular cost-oriented DEA model, the current model proposes a multiplier model of BCC DEA. With the provision of the targeted output set for a DMU, the modified multiplier model measures the orientation of a DMU towards cost. A case study of six schools is incorporated here to identify the superior cost efficient school. Design/methodology/approach The problem referred here is concerned about six private pre-primary schools situated in a locality. The financial condition of the population is heterogeneous. The school management has the option to select the group of students according to the richness of the family. Thus, an average richness is taken into account here for each school to understand the motive of providing service to the targeted section of the society. Cost borne by each school per student per month is incorporated here to notice the intention of the school to offer education. The selection of input variables is inspired from the valuable findings of Hillman and Jenkner (2002). According to them in many developing countries, the governments lack either the financial resources or the political will to meet their citizens’ educational needs. Moreover, “Children are entitled to a free, quality basic education. Many children who do attend school receive an inadequate education because of poorly trained, underpaid teachers, overcrowded classrooms, and a lack of basic teaching tools such as textbooks, blackboards, and pens and paper […].” The inclusion of the first input is due to the measurement of willingness of a primary school to impart education. Commenting on the ill-effects, they mentioned “In an ideal world, primary education would be universal and publicly financed, and all children would be able to attend school regardless of their parents’ ability or willingness to pay. The reason is simple: when any child fails to acquire the basic skills needed to function as a productive, responsible member of society, […]. The cost of educating children is far outweighed by the cost of not educating them. Adults who lack basic skills have greater difficulty in finding well-paying jobs and escaping poverty […].” Thus, the second input plays a key role to measure the intention of a primary school to stand them in a good stead serve for the sake of ensuring social benefit. In this regard, two scores refer the outcome of the endeavor of whole system to create better students and to help society to progress. Findings The cost-oriented multiplier BCC DEA model is presented here to cite a proof of an existence of an ideal cost frontier originating from an MPSS-based DEA (referred in Sarkar, 2014a). The former model has mentioned that it is not necessary for a CCR efficient DMU to remain cost competent. However, the major drawback of that model was its inability to show the impact of return to scale. In the present model, this problem has been tackled nicely. School A, in this example, under the variable return to scale, can become a cost efficient school. However, the proposed model, in this paper, under constant return to scale, has accepted the ranking, which was proposed before. Research limitations/implications Only six schools, situated around Northwest Durgapur, were observed. Practical implications The prescribed model iterates how a smaller number of intermediate inputs can be used in DEA to identify benchmark. These variables, which emblem the control through lean approaches, can be representative of a large number of other actual inputs which have already been mentioned by many erstwhile researchers. Social implications The selection of input variables is inspired from the valuable findings of Hillman and Jenkner (2002). According to them in many developing countries, the governments’ lack either the financial resources or the political will to meet their citizens’ educational needs. Moreover, “Children are entitled to a free, quality basic education. Many children who do attend school receive an inadequate education because of poorly trained, underpaid teachers, overcrowded classrooms, and a lack of basic teaching tools such as textbooks, blackboards, and pens and paper […].” The inclusion of the first input is due to the measurement of willingness of a primary school to impart education. Commenting on the ill-effects, they mentioned “In an ideal world, primary education would be universal and publicly financed, and all children would be able to attend school regardless of their parents’ ability or willingness to pay. The reason is simple: when any child fails to acquire the basic skills needed to function as a productive, responsible member of society, […]. The cost of educating children is far outweighed by the cost of not educating them. Adults who lack basic skills have greater difficulty in finding well-paying jobs and escaping poverty […].” Thus, the second input plays a key role to measure the intention of a primary school to stand them in a good stead serve for the sake of ensuring social benefit. In this regard, two scores refer the outcome of the endeavor of whole system to create better students and to help society to progress. Originality/value The application of the directional distance model (prescribed by Chambers et al., 1998) in the present problem is because the target for each DMU is settled using the non-central PCA. Such a radial direction not only explains a comprehensive variation of the corresponding specific covariance matrix but also provides a cost function, which is orthogonal to it. The targeted output for any DMU is predicted by minimizing the cost function bearing with the respective utilization of resources. The current model allows deriving the radial efficiency score in reference to such targeted goals. The outcome of this model is validated with the outputs of an MPSS-based constant return on scale frontier function described in Sarkar (2014a). Both models show a substantial association in this regard.

<p class="IIABSBARU">This study discussed the implementation of the strategy management system on zakat management organizations 'Al-Mumtaz Peduli’ Pontianak, West Kalimantan. Using the Five Forces Strategy analysis, the researcher will see to what extent Al-Mumtaz Peduli Pontianak is able to serve its function as a zakat agency competing with other organizations. This study was a field and qualitative research. The data had been obtained through interviews and documentation. This study concludes that Al-Mumtaz Peduli recognized other zakat institutions are partners that can work together to alleviate poverty and social problems. Al-Mumtaz gives services on orphans and wish every village has a religious preacher. Al-Mumtaz Peduli always do a socialization through seminars, mass and electronic media. Relating with collection and distribution of ZISWAF funds, Al-Mumtaz always improves its services to <em>muzaki</em> by giving activity and financial reports socialized by a per-three months’ magazines.</p><p class="IIABSBARU">***</p>Penelitian ini membahas implementasi sistem manajemen strategi pada organisasi pengelola zakat ‘Al-Mumtaz Peduli’ Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. De­ngan menggunakan analisa Five Forces Strategy, peneliti akan melihat sejauh mana Al-Mumtaz Peduli Pontianak mampu menjalankan fungsinya sebagai organisasi pengelola zakat ditengah persaingan dengan lembaga zakat yang lain. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dan kualitatif. Sedangkan data didapatkan melalui wawancara dan dokumentasi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa Al-Mumtaz Peduli memandang organisasi pengelola zakat yang lain adalah mitra, supaya dapat bersinergi dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan social problem. Al-Mumtaz fokus segmen layanannya pada anak yatim dan berharap setiap desa ada memiliki satu dai. Al-Mumtaz Peduli harus selalu melakukan sosialisasi, baik melalui seminar, media massa dan elektronik. Dalam hal pengumpulan dan penyaluran dana ZISWAF dan Al-Mumtaz selalu meningkatkan pelayanan kepada muzaki berbentuk laporan kegiatan dan keuangan berbentuk majalah yang disampaikan per tri wulan.

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is the first cancer of women in Burkina Faso. There remains a relatively late diagnosis and a reserved prognosis. The main aim of this study is to study the causes, therapeutic and prognostic impacts of late diagnosis of breast cancer at Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive and prospective study from May 1st to October 31, 2013. The departments of surgery, gynecology and anatomy-pathology served as a framework for our study. All consenting breast cancer patients with a height greater than at least 5 cm (>T2), suspicious or metastatic satellite lymphadenopathy was included. The data analysis was done using Epi-info© software version 7.2.2.6, with the use of the Khi2, Fisher-exact and Student tests. RESULTS: We collected 70 patients with an average age of 46.1 years. In 95.7% of cases, our patients had consulted a traditional therapist or at least one medical center before being referred to the Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital. The consultation was less than 6 months in 52.9% of cases. Diagnostic time was statistically associated with source and monthly income with a p-value of 0.03 and 0.05 respectively. Stage III accounted for 62.8% of cases. Surgery was performed in 48.6% of cases, including 23.5% palliative surgery. Chemotherapy was neo-adjuvant in 22%, adjuvant in 48.8% and palliative in 14.6%. The average duration of follow-up was 2.7 months. We had found 20.6% of recidivism and 22% of deaths. CONCLUSION: Poverty, ignorance, socio-cultural constraints and lack of staff reduce patients' access to early diagnosis, which is responsible for expensive complex treatment and a poor prognosis. Equitable financial and geographic access will reduce diagnostic delays and mortality from breast cancer. KEYWORDS: Breast cancer; Late diagnosis; Causes; Treatment; Prognosis.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to express the strategic positioning of a firm among its rivals based on an overall analysis. The proposed model uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) to determine the indexes due to cost leadership and differentiation. The model can be useful to identify the true cost leaders and those who are stuck in the middle. This work suggests the way how the strategic position can be explored from the consumption of resources (unlike the prevalent models like Banker et al., 2014). Design/methodology/approach Depending on the previous surveys, two inputs (spending per student and percentage of non-poor income group) and two outputs (average scores attained by students in science group and in language group in six private schools, located within the outskirt of Durgapur) were analyzed. Findings The classification made on the basis of the result of the proposed model reveals that out of the six schools (A, B, C, D, E and F), A, E and F occupy a strong position in this context, whereas B can be an example of stuck in the middle scenario. It not only has to reduce cost by 30 percent but also improve the differentiation index by 140 percent. C and D are lagging behind as they do not have enough differentiating qualities. Research limitations/implications Only six schools were taken for the analysis. Second, the input and output vectors had to be non-negative. In case of a negative input (output) set, separate treatment must be applied to them before the application of non-central PCA. Any decision-making unit producing an output of 0 will prohibit the use of the non-central PCA. Practical implications The extant study provides the indices to measure cost leadership and differentiation strategies for the classification as per the generic strategies. A firm which is lagging behind can adjust its consumption to remain successful. Social implications According to Hillman and Jenkner (2002), the developing countries lack the willingness of a primary school to impart education to children. The current study is used to explore whether any private primary school has the same goal or not. They also pointed out the possible future consequences while stating that the cost of educating children from the poorer section might be outweighed by the cost of not educating them and adults lacking basic skills had greater difficulty in finding well-paying jobs to escape poverty. So it is important to understand the role of a private primary school to offer seats to underprivileged students for educating them. The intention of six private primary schools toward educating the population of the small area within Durgapur is analyzed in this study, The study revealed that few schools spend more to serve the students belonging to upper classes to remain successful, whereas few schools as a differentiator make conscious attempts for providing services to poorer sections in an economical manner like a cost leader. Originality/value The extant research aims to formulate the determining methods of identifying strategic groups (proposed by Hunt, 1983) to make a parity between business definition view and strategic type concepts. The model can assess the rivals within an industry to explore the true cost leaders and those who are stuck in the middle using DEA. There are not enough kinds of literature which could effectively measure them.

Abstract Background: Despite its effectiveness in reducing breast cancer inequities, patient navigation (PN) is not accessible to all patients across the United States. To improve access, Susan G. Komen established a telehealth PN model, scaled to deliver PN services equitably across the country. Methods: Patients are referred to Komen patient navigators through Komen’s Helpline. Navigators conduct an initial distress screening and barrier assessment and create an individualized care plan. This information, recommended interventions, and other health data are documented, 62 days. Navigators communicate via the patient’s preferred method: phone, email, text, or video. A patient satisfaction survey is administered 30 days after the start of navigation. Results: From April 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023, 1,092 individuals were navigated. Navigation was provided throughout the continuum of care, including screening and diagnosis through treatment. Of the 3,064 barriers identified by patients, 63% were economic, 20% related to emotional health, 11% indicated lack of access to care and 6% related to care management. Eleven percent of individuals selected Spanish as their preferred language, 84% had a household income at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Level and 24% were uninsured. Navigated individuals identified as: 46% Black or African American, 37% white or Caucasian, 20% Hispanic or Latino, 2% Asian, and 14% preferred not to answer. The average patient age was 54 years old, ranging from 20 to 101 years old. 588 patients identified as being diagnosed with breast cancer, with 69% diagnosed as early stage (Stage 0-III), 22% as metastatic (Stage IV), and 8% undesignated. Distress screening is administered, within the domains established by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network, at intake, major transitions in care and end of navigation. Average distress across all domains was 6.1 on an 11-point scale at first observation (a score of 10 indicating the highest level of distress). Financial distress was the highest average (7.5) followed by emotional distress (6.6). During navigation enrollment, financial distress decreased 14% and emotional distress decreased 14%. Survey respondents reported: the Komen navigation program helped them: follow their treatment plan (91%), will help them continue their care (92%), feel more prepared to talk with their care team (91%), to be able to get care faster (88%), and improve their quality of life (91%). Conclusion: Distress screening was developed for a clinical setting with in-network medical and mental health providers. This program’s demonstrates distress screening can be adapted for use in a non-clinical, virtual setting. Socioeconomic, survey, and distress data indicate Komen’s model succeeded in reaching people that research shows have numerous barriers to breast health services and cancer care, and overcome the most common barriers, thus improving access to timely, high-quality care. Opportunities for program improvement include: -To improve support for those experiencing high emotional distress, additional training in emotional support is being incorporated into onboarding and Komen’s Navigation Training Program. - Research shows that navigation is most effective when delivered by someone who shares a lived experience, so the diversity of navigators is important. More bilingual navigators have been added to the program to better serve the Spanish-speaking population. - To improve support of those living with metastatic breast cancer seeking navigation support, Komen has launched a research study to identify the unique needs of patients living with MBC, and use this information to enhance navigation services. Citation Format: Julie McMahon, Shelby Lautner, Mandy Spadine, Toni Lee, Janet Okamoto. Effectiveness of Susan G. Komen’s national telehealth patient navigation model in reaching underserved populations and reducing cancer-related distress [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO1-11-01.

Oggetto di questo studio è l’analisi di una fonte francescana, la Vita del povero et humile servo de Dio Francesco. Il testo è tradito da quattro codici: Chiesa Nuova 8 (edito da Faloci Pulignani nel 1901), Chiesa Nuova 64, Terni 226bis e Capponiano 207 (Roma); su quest’ultimo manoscritto si fonda la pubblicazione a cura di Marino Bigaroni del 1985. La necessità di un nuovo allestimento critico si spiega in relazione alla scoperta da parte di Giovanni Boccali di un nuovo documento tramandante la Vita, il ternano 226bis, la cui descrizione codicologica risale al 1990. Lo scopo dell’edizione è quello di fornire un testo valido e criticamente fondato e insieme di riconsiderare lo scritto in relazione alle fonti latine volgarizzate dall’autore e all’ambiente storico e culturale di componimento.

Il tema centrale è lo studio dell'evoluzione temporale dell'ineguaglianza in riferimento alle indagini campionarie sui bilanci familiari italiani condotte a cadenza biennale dalla Banca d'Italia nel periodo 1977 - 2010. Tale studio viene affrontato sotto due punti di vista: il confronto temporale di misure sintetiche di ineguaglianza (indici I di Zenga (2007), G di Gini (1914)), in riferimento ai redditi familiari disponibili netti, pesati ed equivalenti e lo studio dell'evoluzione temporale delle fonti che compongono i redditi stessi. Questa seconda analisi è resa possibile grazie alla disponibilità dei dati in forma disaggregata: per ciascun reddito familiare infatti, sono disponibili le fonti che vanno a formare i redditi familiari stessi.

Il volume presenta l’esito di una serie di incontri e seminari che, a più livelli, hanno contribuito alla costruzione del Convegno Internazionale La ricerca sull’Educazione in età Adulta nelle università italiane tenutosi all’Università di Firenze il 23 e 24 novembre 2017. I vari contributi hanno provato a dare risposta alla domanda sull’origine e lo sviluppo dell’educazione degli adulti in Italia all’interno dei contesti accademici. Cosa significa occuparsi di tale ambito di ricerca? Le direttrici indagate hanno riflettuto su una molteplicità di approcci di ricerca e hanno ricostruito la varietà delle teorie, dei modelli, degli autori che hanno tratteggiato lo sviluppo della disciplina in Italia negli ultimi cinquant’anni. Tra i temi trattati: accrescimento della qualità educativa dei luoghi di lavoro, comprensione dell’educazione incorporata nei luoghi di lavoro, studio delle finalità dell’educazione nei luoghi formali e informali. Si è giunti così a un tema originalmente rilevato, ma non toccato dalla letteratura nazionale, ovvero la questione delle diseguaglianze e la povertà relativa, fenomeni importanti per comprendere lo sviluppo delle società del futuro.

Dying at the Margins: Reflections on Justice and Healing for Inner-City Poor gives voice to a most vulnerable and disempowered population—the urban dying poor—and connects them to the voices of leaders in end-of-life care. Chapters written by these experts in the field discuss the issues that challenge patients and their loved ones, as well as offering insights into how to improve the quality of their lives. In an illuminating and timely follow-up to Dancing with Broken Bones, all discussions revolve around the actual experiences of the patients previously documented, encouraging a greater understanding about the needs of the dying poor, advocating for them, and developing best practices in caring. Demystifying stereotypes that surround poverty, Moller illuminates how faith, remarkable optimism, and an unassailable spirit provide strength and courage to those who live and die at the margins. As with his previous book, Dying at the Margins serves as a rallying call for not only end-of-life professionals, but compassionate individuals everywhere, to understand and respond to the needs of the especially vulnerable, yet inspiring, people who comprise the world of the inner-city dying poor.

By the mid-1960s, Guatemalan newspapers regularly discussed the nation’s underdeveloped status, identifying it as a national embarrassment. However, the regions that the Guatemalan government identified as underdeveloped were largely rural and indigenous, thus presenting a unique set of cultural behaviors and practices that challenged the western development ideas the government wished to initiate. This chapter compares two development projects that different governmental institutes implemented in Guatemala between 1956-1976: the Plan de Mejoramiento de Tactic, Alta Verapaz and the Programa del Desarrollo de la Comunidad. The key sources that serve as evidence for the chapter’s arguments are anthropologists’ field notes, oral histories, and unpublished internal government documents. The chapter argues that as leftist guerrilla activity increased, the Guatemalan government capitalized upon international concerns with poverty, hunger, and illiteracy, and they used development as a peaceful means to fight the Cold War.

This chapter discusses the relevance of neo-liberalism as both an ideology and as a pragmatic approach, defined as a re-making of the state, where the state is not rolled back as such but is re-shaped, re-configured to better serve the demands of capital. Neo-liberalism represents an attempt to replace political judgement with economic evaluation, including, but not exclusively, the evaluations offered by markets. Writers on this subject such as Davies, Gough, Garrett, Peck, Mirowski and Shaxson are referred to where they address globalisation and audit culture, the logic of markets and economic evaluation. It was believed that the economic pressures generated by neo-liberal globalisation would inexorably lead to welfare state entrenchment or its dissolution and replacement by a lean ‘competition’ state. Yet the global rediscovery of poverty and the challenges to territorially-based conceptions of social rights posed by the increasing flow of migrants have put social policy issues on the social agenda.

Un dels efectes més notables de la reestructuració econòmica viscuda a Europa durant les darreres dècades ha estat la intensificació dels processos de pobresa urbana i exclusió social. El que ha comportat el reforçament i agudització de les desigualtats socials i la segregació espacial, consolidant-se així una realitat urbana dualitzada. Les situacions d’exclusió social han tendit a concentrar-se en aquelles àrees urbanes que pateixen majors processos de degradació, amb una qualitat de vida i unes oportunitats econòmiques sensiblement inferiors a la del conjunt urbà més proper. Per treballar en favor d’un model de desenvolupament urbà sostenible i socialment més just, així com per donar resposta als reptes i necessitats especials dels barris amb dificultats, s’estan implementant, en diferents ciutats europees, respostes conegudes com programes d’intervenció integral. Aquests programes recullen de forma explícita la voluntat d’actuar sobre les múltiples variables que configuren i expliquen les situacions de marginalitat urbana. No plantegen actuacions focalitzades en la transformació de l’espai físic, sinó que també atorguen una atenció especial als diferents factors que interaccionen en la configuració social i econòmica de l’espai urbà. La perspectiva integrada implica la superació del model clàssic de compartimentació sectorial. L’element que canalitza l’actuació pública no són les responsabilitats i fronteres competencials, sinó els dèficits i les oportunitats que manifesta una determinada àrea urbana. Aquest model d’intervenció ha assolit un creixent protagonisme, tant en l’agenda política de diferents Estats i regions europees, com en la pròpia UE. L’any 1994, la UE creà la Iniciativa Comunitària URBAN. El programa recollia com a objectius generals la necessitat de fer front a la degradació de la qualitat de vida en determinats espais de les ciutats i actuar en favor de la redinamització socioeconòmica i ambiental de les àrees urbanes amb dificultats. A través de dues edicions (1994-1999 i 2000-2006), URBAN ha permès cofinançar 188 programes en 15 Estats Membres. En aquesta comunicació es presentarà els resultats d’una recerca sobre la IC URBAN, tot centrant l’atenció de l’anàlisi en el model d’aproximació a la realitat urbana que planteja. Aquest model es caracteritza per la perspectiva integrada de les qüestions socials, econòmiques i medi ambientals com a mecanisme per donar una millor resposta als problemes locals. Finalment, s’interpretarà l’impacte assolit per URBAN, emprant com a indicador l’anàlisi de diferents casos d’estudi de ciutats angleses, espanyoles, franceses i italianes One of the most notable effects of the economic restructuring undertaken in Europe during recent decades has been the intensification of processes that give rise to urban poverty and social exclusion. This has led to the reinforcing and sharpening of social inequalities and spatial segregation and to the consolidation of a dichotomous urban reality. Situations of social exclusion have tended to concentrate in urban areas that have suffered major processes of degradation and which have levels of quality of life and economic opportunity that are appreciably inferior to those of their nearest urban neighbours. Several European cities are currently working towards the creation of a model of sustainable and more socially just urban development and towards providing responses to the challenges and special needs of neighbourhoods with difficulties. This initiative forms part of what are known as integrated intervention programmes. These programmes explicitly share the will to take appropriate action to influence the many variables that configure and explain situations of urban marginality. They do not only propose interventions aimed at physically transforming space, but also dedicate special attention to the different factors that interact to determine the social and economic configuration of urban space. The integrated approach implies improving on the classical model of sectorial division. The elements that channel public responses are not responsibility and competence frontiers, but rather the deficits and opportunities manifested by a given urban area. This new model for intervention has gained increasing protagonism, both in the political agendas of various European states and regions and in the European Union itself. In 1994, the EU established the URBAN Community Initiative. The general objectives of this programme were related to the need to take measures against the loss of quality of life in certain parts of cities and to take action to promote the socioeconomic and environmental revitalisation of urban areas with difficulties. To date, two editions of URBAN (1994-1999 and 2000-2006) have permitted the co-financing of 188 programmes in 15 EU member states. In this communication, we will present the results of research relating to the URBAN Community Initiative, specifically focusing our attention and analysis on the model for urban reality that it proposes. This model is characterised by the way in which social, economic and environmental questions are addressed from an integrated approach, which serves as a mechanism for providing better responses to local problems. Finally, we will analyse the impact that the URBAN has achieved, using case studies based on British, Spanish, French and Italian cities as indicators in this analysis.

Las previsiones de retroceso económico y social en América Latina y el Caribe son alarmantes. La COVID-19 golpea con fuerza la región marcada que tendrá que afrontar una contracción del 9,4%, una de las más severas en todo el planeta. La desigualdad, la informalidad y la insuficiente dotación sanitaria lastran las posibilidades de hacer frente a la pandemia. Pero son los más vulnerables quienes asumen el costo, hasta 52 millones de personas que podrían caer en la pobreza y 40 millones podrían perder sus empleos, un retroceso de 15 años para la región. Pero la COVID-19 no afecta a todos por igual, una élite se mantiene inmune al contagio de la crisis económica. Desde el principio de los confinamientos, hay 8 nuevos milmillonarios en América Latina y el Caribe, personas con un patrimonio superior a los mil millones de dólares. Las personas más ricas han aumentado su fortuna en US$ 48 200 millones desde marzo 2020, lo que equivale a un tercio del total de los paquetes de estímulo de todos los países de la región. Para hacer frente a esta crisis tan profunda, Oxfam propone una serie de reformas que recaigan sobre quienes más tienen y menos han sufrido la pandemia. Entre otros un impuesto sobre el patrimonio neto de las personas más ricas con el que se podría recaudar al menos US$ 14 260 millones, 50 veces más de lo que ahora se estaría recaudando sobre esta élite de grandes fortunas. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, forecasts for economic and social decline in Latin America and the Caribbean are alarming. The region will face a 9.4% contraction in its economy, among the most severe in the world. Coping with the pandemic is hindered by inequality, weak and insufficient social protection and limited public health capabilities. Up to 52 million people could fall into poverty and 40 million could lose their jobs – a 15-year setback for the region. Yet, an elite remains ‘immune’ to the contagion of the economic crisis. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there have been 8 new billionaires in LAC: 1 every 2 weeks since the lockdowns began. The richest people have increased their fortune by $48.2bn since March 2020, equivalent to a third of the total stimulus packages of all countries in the region. In this paper, Oxfam proposes a series of reforms targeting those who have being less affected by the pandemic. They include a net wealth tax that could potentially generate $14.3bn, 50 times more than billionaires in the region pay now in theory, under current tax systems.