Tesis: "Sensory input"

1

McNair, Nicolas A. "Input-specificity of sensory-induced neural plasticity in humans." Thesis, University of Auckland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2292/3285.

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The aim of this thesis was to investigate the input-specificity of sensory-induced plasticity in humans. This was achieved by varying the characteristics of sine gratings so that they selectively targeted distinct populations of neurons in the visual cortex. In Experiments 1-3, specificity was investigated with electroencephalography using horizontally- and vertically-oriented sine gratings (Experiment 1) or gratings of differing spatial frequency (Experiments 2 & 3). Increases in the N1b potential were observed only for sine gratings that were the same in orientation or spatial frequency as that used as the tetanus, suggesting that the potentiation is specific to the visual pathways stimulated during the induction of the tetanus. However, the increase in the amplitude of the N1b in Experiment 1 was not maintained when tested again at 50 minutes post-tetanus. This may have been due to depotentiation caused by the temporal frequency of stimulus presentation in the first post-tetanus block. To try to circumvent this potential confound, immediate and maintained (tested 30 minutes post-tetanus) spatial-frequency-specific potentiation were tested separately in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Experiment 3 demonstrated that the increased N1b was maintained for up to half an hour post-tetanus. In addition, the findings from Experiment 1, as well as the pattern of results from Experiments 2 and 3, indicate that the potentiation must be occurring in the visual cortex rather than further upstream at the lateral geniculate nucleus. In Experiment 4 functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to more accurately localise where these plastic changes were taking place using sine gratings of differing spatial frequency. A small, focal post-tetanic increase in the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) response was observed for the tetanised grating in the right temporo-parieto-occipital junction. For the non-tetanised grating, decreases in BOLD were found in the primary visual cortex and bilaterally in the cuneus and pre-cuneus. These decreases may have been due to inhibitory interconnections between neurons tuned to different spatial frequencies. These data indicate that tetanic sensory stimulation selectively targets and potentiates specific populations of neurons in the visual cortex.

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2

Nargis, Sultana Mahbuba. "Sensory Input and Mental Imagery in Second Language Acquisition." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1418370678.

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3

Kim, Jung-Kyong. "Sensory substitution learning using auditory input: Behavioral and neural correlates." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96695.

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Sensory substitution refers to the replacement of one sensory input with another. This concept, originally developed to aid the blind, presents a scientific opportunity to study crossmodal perceptual learning and neural plasticity. Using a technique that translates vision into sound, the present dissertation examined sensory substitution learning. Four studies tested the hypotheses that mental representations of spatial information such as shape are abstract, and that they are based on involvement of common brain regions independently of sensory modality. Study 1 aimed to develop a training paradigm in auditory vision substitution. We examined the minimum amount of learning necessary to identify visual images using sound, and the effects of more extensive training on a wide range of stimuli to test the hypothesis that sensory substitution would be based on generalized crossmodal rule learning. Study 2 was a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) adaptation of study 1. Subjects were scanned before and after training during a task in which shape-coded sound was to be matched to visually presented shape. It was predicted that training would lead to sound-induced visual recruitment. Study 3 examined auditory touch substitution learning. Blindfolded sighted subjects were trained to recognize tactile shapes using shape-coded sounds and tested on a matching task. We also tested post-training transfer to vision. It was predicted that shape could be conveyed across sensory modalities. Study 4 was an fMRI adaptation of Study 3. Subjects were scanned before and after training during a task in which shape-coded sound was matched to tactually presented shape. Visual recruitment driven by non-visual inputs was predicted. Results showed that sighted people learned to extract visual or tactile patterns from auditory input. This learning was generalizable across stimuli within and across modalities, suggesting an abstract mental representation of shape. Auditory shape learning was associated with change in the functional network between the auditory cortex and the lateral occipital complex (LOC), a region known for visual shape processing. The auditory access to the LOC supports the notion that sensory specificity of the brain is not determined by the nature of the stimuli but rather by the task demand of the information to be processed. La substitution sensorielle réfère à la capacité de remplacer une entrée sensorielle par une autre. Ce concept, initialement développé pour aider les personnes aveugles, offre une opportunité scientifique pour étudier l'apprentissage perceptuel à travers plusieurs modalités sensorielles et la plasticité neurale. La présente dissertation utilise une technique qui transforme la vision en son pour examiner l'apprentissage de la substitution sensorielle. Quatre études ont testé les hypothèses que les représentations mentales de l'information spatiale telles que des formes abstraites sont basées sur l'implication de régions cérébrales communes indépendamment de modalités sensorielles. L'étude 1 avait pour but de développer un paradigme d'apprentissage de la substitution audio-visuelle. Nous avons examiné le taux minimal d'apprentissage nécessaire pour identifier les images visuelles en utilisant le son, et les effets d'un entraînement plus intensif sur une large gamme de stimuli pour tester l'hypothèse que la substitution sensorielle serait basée sur une loi d'apprentissage généralisé à travers plusieurs modalités. L'étude 2 était une adaptation de l'étude 1 utilisant l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf). Les sujets étaient scannés avant et après un entraînement à une tâche pendant laquelle une forme codée sonore devait être appariée à une forme abstraite présentée visuellement. Nous faisions l'hypothèse que suite à l'entraînement, l'exposition sonore conduirait à un recrutement visuel. L'étude 3 a examiné l'apprentissage pour transformer le toucher en son. Des sujets voyants avaient les yeux bandés et étaient entraînés pour reconnaitre des formes tactiles utilisant des formes codées sonores et testées sur une tâche d'appariement. Nous avons aussi testé le transfert à la vision après entraînement. Nous avons prédit que les formes pourraient être transportées à travers les modalités sensorielles. L'étude 4 était une adaptation en IRMf de l'étude 3. Les sujets étaient scannés avant et après un entraînement pendant une tâche dans laquelle une forme codée sonore était appariée à une forme présentée tactilement. Nous faisions l'hypothèse que des entrées non visuelles conduiraient à un recrutement visuel. Les résultats ont montré que les personnes voyantes ont appris à extraire des modes visuels ou tactiles à partir d'entrées auditives. Cet apprentissage était généralisable à travers les stimuli, dans et à travers les modalités, suggérant une représentation mentale abstraite des formes. L'apprentissage de formes auditives était associé à un changement dans le réseau fonctionnel entre le cortex auditif et le complexe latero-occipital (CLO), une région connue pour le traitement visuel des formes. L'accès auditif au CLO supporte la notion que la spécificité sensorielle du cerveau n'est pas déterminée par la nature des stimuli mais plutôt par le traitement requis pour exécuter la tache.

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4

Lovell, Nathan, and N/A. "Machine Vision as the Primary Sensory Input for Mobile, Autonomous Robots." Griffith University. School of Information and Communication Technology, 2006. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070911.152447.

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Image analysis, and its application to sensory input (computer vision) is a fairly mature field, so it is surprising that its techniques are not extensively used in robotic applications. The reason for this is that, traditionally, robots have been used in controlled environments where sophisticated computer vision was not necessary, for example in car manufacturing. As the field of robotics has moved toward providing general purpose robots that must function in the real world, it has become necessary that the robots be provided with robust sensors capable of understanding the complex world around them. However, when researchers apply techniques previously studied in image analysis literature to the field of robotics, several difficult problems emerge. In this thesis we examine four reasons why it is difficult to apply work in image analysis directly to real-time, general purpose computer vision applications. These are: improvement in the computational complexity of image analysis algorithms, robustness to dynamic and unpredictable visual conditions, independence from domain specific knowledge in object recognition and the development of debugging facilities. This thesis examines each of these areas making several innovative contributions in each area. We argue that, although each area is distinct, improvement must be made in all four areas before vision will be utilised as the primary sensory input for mobile, autonomous robotic applications. In the first area, the computational complexity of image analysis algorithms, we note the dependence of a large number of high-level processing routines on a small number of low-level algorithms. Therefore, improvement to a small set of highly utilised algorithms will yield benefits in a large number of applications. In this thesis we examine the common tasks of image segmentation, edge and straight line detection and vectorisation. In the second area, robustness to dynamic and unpredictable conditions, we examine how vision systems can be made more tolerant to changes of illumination in the visual scene. We examine the classical image segmentation task and present a method for illumination independence that builds on our work from the first area. The third area is the reliance on domain-specific knowledge in object recognition. Many current systems depend on a large amount of hard-coded domainspecific knowledge to understand the world around them. This makes the system hard to modify, even for slight changes in the environment, and very difficult to apply in a different context entirely. We present an XML-based language, the XML Object Definition (XOD) language, as a solution to this problem. The language is largely descriptive instead of imperative so, instead of describing how to locate objects within each image, the developer simply describes the properties of the objects. The final area is the development of support tools. Vision system programming is extremely difficult because large amounts of data are handled at a very fast rate. If the system is running on an embedded device (such as a robot) then locating defects in the code is a time consuming and frustrating task. Many development-support applications are available for specific applications. We present a general purpose development-support tool for embedded, real-time vision systems. The primary case study for this research is that of Robotic soccer, in the international RoboCup Four-Legged league. We utilise all of the research of this thesis to provide the first illumination-independent object recognition system for RoboCup. Furthermore we illustrate the flexibility of our system by applying it to several other tasks and to marked changes in the visual environment for RoboCup itself.

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5

Xin, Yifei. "Exploring the Chinese Room: Parallel Sensory Input in Second Language Learning." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1333762798.

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6

Lovell, Nathan. "Machine Vision as the Primary Sensory Input for Mobile, Autonomous Robots." Thesis, Griffith University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367107.

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Image analysis, and its application to sensory input (computer vision) is a fairly mature field, so it is surprising that its techniques are not extensively used in robotic applications. The reason for this is that, traditionally, robots have been used in controlled environments where sophisticated computer vision was not necessary, for example in car manufacturing. As the field of robotics has moved toward providing general purpose robots that must function in the real world, it has become necessary that the robots be provided with robust sensors capable of understanding the complex world around them. However, when researchers apply techniques previously studied in image analysis literature to the field of robotics, several difficult problems emerge. In this thesis we examine four reasons why it is difficult to apply work in image analysis directly to real-time, general purpose computer vision applications. These are: improvement in the computational complexity of image analysis algorithms, robustness to dynamic and unpredictable visual conditions, independence from domain specific knowledge in object recognition and the development of debugging facilities. This thesis examines each of these areas making several innovative contributions in each area. We argue that, although each area is distinct, improvement must be made in all four areas before vision will be utilised as the primary sensory input for mobile, autonomous robotic applications. In the first area, the computational complexity of image analysis algorithms, we note the dependence of a large number of high-level processing routines on a small number of low-level algorithms. Therefore, improvement to a small set of highly utilised algorithms will yield benefits in a large number of applications. In this thesis we examine the common tasks of image segmentation, edge and straight line detection and vectorisation. In the second area, robustness to dynamic and unpredictable conditions, we examine how vision systems can be made more tolerant to changes of illumination in the visual scene. We examine the classical image segmentation task and present a method for illumination independence that builds on our work from the first area. The third area is the reliance on domain-specific knowledge in object recognition. Many current systems depend on a large amount of hard-coded domainspecific knowledge to understand the world around them. This makes the system hard to modify, even for slight changes in the environment, and very difficult to apply in a different context entirely. We present an XML-based language, the XML Object Definition (XOD) language, as a solution to this problem. The language is largely descriptive instead of imperative so, instead of describing how to locate objects within each image, the developer simply describes the properties of the objects. The final area is the development of support tools. Vision system programming is extremely difficult because large amounts of data are handled at a very fast rate. If the system is running on an embedded device (such as a robot) then locating defects in the code is a time consuming and frustrating task. Many development-support applications are available for specific applications. We present a general purpose development-support tool for embedded, real-time vision systems. The primary case study for this research is that of Robotic soccer, in the international RoboCup Four-Legged league. We utilise all of the research of this thesis to provide the first illumination-independent object recognition system for RoboCup. Furthermore we illustrate the flexibility of our system by applying it to several other tasks and to marked changes in the visual environment for RoboCup itself. Thesis (PhD Doctorate) Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) School of Information and Communication Technology Full Text

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7

Ortman, Robert L. "Sensory input encoding and readout methods for in vitro living neuronal networks." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44856.

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Establishing and maintaining successful communication stands as a critical prerequisite for achieving the goals of inducing and studying advanced computation in small-scale living neuronal networks. The following work establishes a novel and effective method for communicating arbitrary "sensory" input information to cultures of living neurons, living neuronal networks (LNNs), consisting of approximately 20 000 rat cortical neurons plated on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) containing 60 electrodes. The sensory coding algorithm determines a set of effective codes (symbols), comprised of different spatio-temporal patterns of electrical stimulation, to which the LNN consistently produces unique responses to each individual symbol. The algorithm evaluates random sequences of candidate electrical stimulation patterns for evoked-response separability and reliability via a support vector machine (SVM)-based method, and employing the separability results as a fitness metric, a genetic algorithm subsequently constructs subsets of highly separable symbols (input patterns). Sustainable input/output (I/O) bit rates of 16-20 bits per second with a 10% symbol error rate resulted for time periods of approximately ten minutes to over ten hours. To further evaluate the resulting code sets' performance, I used the system to encode approximately ten hours of sinusoidal input into stimulation patterns that the algorithm selected and was able to recover the original signal with a normalized root-mean-square error of 20-30% using only the recorded LNN responses and trained SVM classifiers. Response variations over the course of several hours observed in the results of the sine wave I/O experiment suggest that the LNNs may retain some short-term memory of the previous input sample and undergo neuroplastic changes in the context of repeated stimulation with sensory coding patterns identified by the algorithm.

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8

Chakrabarty, Arnab. "Role of sensory input in structural plasticity of dendrites in adult neuronal networks." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-155241.

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9

Zhao, Yifan. "Language Learning through Dialogs:Mental Imagery and Parallel Sensory Input in Second Language Learning." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1396634043.

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10

MacBride, Claire Ann MacBride. "Mental Imagery as a Substitute for Parallel Sensory Input in the Field of SLA." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525379740507044.

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11

Chen, Chun-Chun. "Response to social stress : sensory input, stress response and the neural substrates of reproductive suppression /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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12

Him-Jensen, Ida. "Sinnrik matematik : En läromedelsanalys med fokus på uppgifters visuella, auditiva och kinestetiska/taktila stöd." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för matematik och datavetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-69430.

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The purpose of the essay is to examine the possibilities for students to learn mathematics with a variety of senses through the tasks in the teaching materials Nya matematikboken, Singma and Favorit matematik during school year 1. The focus is on visual, auditory and kinesthetic/tactile support. Furthermore, the aim is to investigate the different elements of the teaching material and the extent of the different support in them. With categories based on different sensory input, a thorough content analysis has been made to compare the three chosen teaching materials. The result shows that there are good grounds for learning through many senses. However, the support varies in total and in the different elements. Both similarities and differences have been distinguished. The results also clearly show the benefits of using the teaching materials fully.

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13

Hallock, Robert Matthew. "Evidence for the involvement of cells that receive glossopharyngeal nerve input in oromotor responses." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2005.

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14

Oldford, Elizabeth. "Input-specific effects of acetylcholine on sensory and intracortical evoked responses in the"Barrel cortex" in vivo." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33019.

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The somatosensory neocortex processes extrinsic information from the thalamus and intrinsic information from local circuits. We compared the effects of acetylcholine (Ach) on neocortical field potential responses evoked by stimulation of the whiskers and by local electrical stimulation in the upper layers of the neocortex vibrissae representation ("barrel cortex") of adult rats anesthetized with urethane. The two responses differed in terms of their frequency-dependent dynamics. In particular, the whisker response depressed when stimulated repetitively, whereas the intracortical response did not. The cholinergic system was manipulated in the barrel cortex by application of exogenous Ach using microdialysis, by increasing the endogenous levels of Ach with physostigmine and by applying specific cholinergic agonists. The results revealed that Ach selectively enhances the sensory response relative to the intracortical response via a nicotinic effect. Thus, pathways in the barrel cortex are differentially regulated by cholinergic inputs.

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15

Jongprasithporn, Manutchanok. "The Age-Related Effects of Visual Input on Multi-Sensory Weighting Process During Locomotion and Unexpected Slip Perturbations." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39339.

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Falls are the leading cause of fatal and non-fatal injuries among older adults. Age-related sensory degradation may increase instability and increase the risk of slips and falls in older adults. The integration of three sensory systems (visual, proprioceptive, and vestibular systems) and the respective weighting of each are needed to maintaining balance during unexpected slip-induced falls. The visual system is often thought of as the most important sensory system in playing a major role in stabilizing posture, guiding locomotion and controlling slip response. However, previous studies have focused on the age-related effects of visual input on static postural stability. The age-related effects of visual input associated with locomotion and unexpected slip perturbations (i.e., dynamic tasks) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the age-related effects of visual input on multi-sensory processing during locomotion and unexpected slip perturbations. Fifteen young and fifteen old adults were recruited to participate in this study. Motion capture system, force plate, and EMG data were collected during the experiments. Various biomechanical and neuromuscular characteristics were identified to quantify the age-related effects of visual input during locomotion and unexpected slip perturbations. The results indicate that temporary loss of visual input during walking could cause individuals to adopt a more cautious gait strategy to compensate for their physical and neuronal changes as shown in increased double support time and higher co-contraction (i.e., stiffness) of the knee and ankle joints. Older adults also have higher co-contraction at the ankle joint during walking as compared with young adults. Regarding slip-induced falls, temporary loss of visual input causes increased slip distances and response times of upper and lower limbs in both younger and older groups. In terms of kinematics, the combination of age and temporary loss of visual input influenced the perturbed limb. In terms of muscle activation patterns, temporary loss of visual input may increase the proprioceptive gain as shown in early muscle activity onset, increased muscle activation duration, and increased co-contraction at the knee joint. However, stiffness may increase the difficulty to detect a slip event and reduce flexibility and increase slip-induced falls. Although the human body cannot fully compensate for the temporary loss of visual input, the results in this study suggest that the reweighting process increases proprioceptive gain while visual input is unavailable. These findings support the implication of future research in order to understand the potential hazards which could occur while walking and slipping with temporary loss of visual input. The results may also contribute to the design of effective interventions to improve motor learning by applied visual occlusion in slips/falls training to reduce fall risk and enhance safety. The visual occlusion paradigm may assist to increase learning encoded in intrinsic coordination, related to motor performance skill, providing the flexibility required to adapt to complex environments such as slip-induced falls. Ph. D.

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16

Haywood, Adrian Richard. "Dissecting the complex roles of peripheral sensory afferent input and supra-spinal influences to pain associated with osteoarthritis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716667.

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Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and an increasingly significant clinical problem. It is characterised by varying degrees of chronic pain and joint pathology. However, the structural changes to the joint do not always correlate with the severity of pain experienced. Furthermore, a significant number of patients still experience chronic pain even after joint replacement indicating sensitisation in people with OA. The aim of this thesis was to determine the contribution of peripheral and central mechanisms to the initiation versus the maintenance of pain, in an animal model of OA pain. Two models of OA pain were characterised. Both the MIA and MNX model demonstrated significant pain behaviour, joint pathology and increases in activated microglia and reactive astrocytosis in the spinal cord indicative of sensitisation consistent with human OA. Spinal excitability was further assessed in the MIA model and demonstrated significant increases in evoked EMG responses at late but not early timepoints of the model, suggesting a time- dependent sensitisation. Sensory-specific block of TRPVl-positive joint afferents following intra-articular QX-314 concomitant with capsaicin revealed a significant contribution of afferent input to pain at 7 and 14 days but not at 28 days post-MIA. A descending contribution from the RVM to OA pain was investigated in the MIA model at 14 and 28 days. It was shown that intra-RVM administration of a high dose of p-opioid agonist DAMGO significantly attenuated evoked EMG responses. However a low dose of DAMGO attenuated EMG responses only at 28 days post-MIA and not at 14 days post-MIA suggesting an increased sensitivity of the RVM to the effects of DAMGO. Potential alterations in p-opioid receptor G protein-coupled binding were investigated as a potential mechanism driving the enhanced opioid effect observed. Agonist-stimulated GTPyS-binding autoradiography in RVM slices demonstrated a significant increase in GTPyS binding in MIA-treated rats at 28 days but not at 14 days, compared to saline-treated rats. This thesis provides new insights into the mechanisms driving pain behaviour in the MIA model at different timepoints and suggests a switch from a predominantly peripherally mediated pain at an early stage of the model, to a centrally mediated maintenance of chronic pain. These findings may also inform the development of more effective treatment strategies in patients with OA.

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17

Chakrabarty, Arnab [Verfasser], and Tobias [Akademischer Betreuer] Bonhoeffer. "Role of sensory input in structural plasticity of dendrites in adult neuronal networks / Arnab Chakrabarty. Betreuer: Tobias Bonhoeffer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103286267X/34.

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18

Cut, Erika [Verfasser]. "Agronomic performance, nutritional yields and sensory properties of different tomato cultivars under organic low-input production / Erika Cut." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237633389/34.

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19

Bol, Kieran G. "Redundant Input Cancellation by a Bursting Neural Network." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20061.

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One of the most powerful and important applications that the brain accomplishes is solving the sensory "cocktail party problem:" to adaptively suppress extraneous signals in an environment. Theoretical studies suggest that the solution to the problem involves an adaptive filter, which learns to remove the redundant noise. However, neural learning is also in its infancy and there are still many questions about the stability and application of synaptic learning rules for neural computation. In this thesis, the implementation of an adaptive filter in the brain of a weakly electric fish, A. Leptorhynchus, was studied. It was found to require a cerebellar architecture that could supply independent frequency channels of delayed feedback and multiple burst learning rules that could shape this feedback. This unifies two ideas about the function of the cerebellum that were previously separate: the cerebellum as an adaptive filter and as a generator of precise temporal inputs.

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20

Perez, Claire Fritzi. "Is improving gait post-stroke at the tip of our fingers? the effects on enhanced sensory input (haptics and walking aids)." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96743.

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While postural control during quiet stance can be enhanced by haptic input, the role of tactile cues on gait ability in healthy or neurological populations is not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of enhanced somatosensory input from (1) light fingertip touch and (2) cane use, on gait performance during level and slope walking in people post-stroke. Nine people post-stroke and 9 healthy individuals walked on a self-paced treadmill mounted on a motion platform while viewing a virtual scene. The experimental conditions were to walk level, up or down a 5° sloped surface: 1) without touch, 2) with light fingertip touch on a bar and 3) with an instrumented cane. Gait variability, expressed as the coefficient of variation of stride duration (CV), step width and gait speed were measured. Results reveal that light touch is an effective means of improving gait in people post-stroke. Light touch can be as effective compared to the cane even under the challenge of slope walking and may be more effective in downslope walking. Task specific (level, up and downslope) stabilizing strategies (use of either light touch or a cane) may offer specific gait improvements. These effects were not seen in the healthy controls. Nous savons déjà que le toucher léger peut augmenter le contrôle postural en position debout mais les effets haptiques, lors la marche, chez une population saine ou neurologique, sont peu connus. L'objectif de cette étude est d'examiner l'ajout d'information somatosensorielle provenant 1) du bout d'un doigt et 2) d'une canne instrumentée sur la marche d'individus ayant subi un AVC. Neuf adultes post-AVC et 9 individus sains ont marché sur un tapis roulant, à une vitesse qu'ils contrôlaient eux-mêmes. Le tapis roulant était fixé sur une plate-forme mobile faisant face à une scène virtuelle. Les conditions expérimentales consistaient à marcher sur une surface plane, inclinée de 5° vers le haut ou vers le bas: 1) sans aucun toucher, 2) avec un toucher léger du bout d'un doigt sur un capteur spécialisé et 3) en utilisant une canne instrumentée. La variabilité de la marche, exprimée par le coefficient de variation de la durée du cycle de marche (CV), la largeur des pas et la vitesse étaient les paramètres étudiés. Les résultats ont démontré que le toucher léger est une façon efficace pour améliorer la marche sur les plans inclinés chez les personnes post-AVC et peut être plus efficace que la canne lors la marche sur un plan incliné vers le bas. Des stratégies spécifiques (toucher léger ou canne) peuvent donc améliorer la marche de façon différente selon la tâche (surface plane ou inclinée). Ces effets n'ont pas été observés chez les personnes saines.

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21

Krüger, Melanie [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Straube. "Motor variability as a characteristic of the control of reaching movements : influence of sensory input and task constraints / Melanie Krüger. Betreuer: Andreas Straube." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1042615047/34.

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22

Fischer, Linda [Verfasser], Felix Christian [Akademischer Betreuer] Felmy, Anaclet [Akademischer Betreuer] Ngezahayo, and Evgeni [Akademischer Betreuer] Ponimaskin. "Input-Output Functions of Sensory Neurons in the Central Nervous System with Focus on the Physiological Basis underlying Information Transfer in the VNLL / Linda Fischer ; Felix Felmy, Anaclet Ngezahayo, Evgeni Ponimaskin." Hannover : Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224232968/34.

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23

Goulème, Nathalie. "Indicateurs posturaux et oculomoteurs impliquant l’intégration cérébelleuse dans les troubles neuro-développementaux." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS020.

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Le contrôle postural fait intervenir l’intégration cérébelleuse de différentes entrées sensorielles (le vestibule, la vision, la somesthésie). Nous avons évalué le contrôle postural à l’aide de différents dispositifs : la plateforme Techno Concept®, le Multitest Framiral® et les mouvements oculaires avec l’oculomètre : le Mobile e(ye)BRAIN T2® chez des participants contrôles et des enfants présentant des déficits neuro-développementaux, troubles appartenant au spectre autistique et dyslexie. Au cours de nos travaux, nous avons décrit un aspect développemental physiologique des indices posturaux et oculomoteurs et également un déficit de ces indicateurs auprès d’enfants avec retards d’apprentissage. En effet, chez ces enfants, la stabilité posturale est déficitaire et les stratégies d’exploration sont différentes par rapport aux contrôles. Nous avons basé nos hypothèses sur le fait que ce déficit serait du à un défaut d’utilisation des informations sensorielles ainsi qu’à une mauvaise intégration cérébelleuse. Les résultats de nos études nous permettent de mieux préciser les caractéristiques neuropsychologiques impliquant les fonctions cérébelleuses chez ces enfants afin de pouvoir suggérer des prises en charge thérapeutiques multimodales capables d’entrainer simultanément plusieurs fonctions. Notre objectif final est de pouvoir identifier une médiation thérapeutique spécifique pour ces enfants Postural control involves cerebellar integration of several sensory inputs (vestibular, visual and somesthesic). We evaluated postural control with force plateform: Techno Concept®, Multitest Framiral® and the eye movements with the Mobile e(ye)BRAIN T2® in healthy children population as well as in children with developmental disorders (autistic spectrum desorders and dyslexia). The results of our studies showed a developmental aspect of postural and oculomotor factors in healthy children and a deficit of both postural and oculomotor control in children with autistic spectrum desorders and with dyslexia. Indeed, in these children postural stability is poor and visual strategy is different with respect to healthy children. Our hypothesis is that these deficits could be due to a lack in using appropriately sensory inputs and of their integration via cerebellar activity. The importance of these studies is to better understand the involvement of cerebellar function in such developmental disorders. Our final goal is to suggest new training tecniques to use sensory inputs more efficiently in these children with developmental disorders

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24

Colaç̦o, Andrea B. (Andrea Brazilin Immaculate Danielle). "Compact and low-power computational 3D sensors for gestural input." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91437.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2014. 87 Cataloged from PDF version of thesis. Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-150). Mobile devices have evolved into powerful computing platforms. As computing capabilities grow and size shrinks, the most pronounced limitation with mobile devices is display size. With the adoption of touch as the de facto input, the mobile screen doubles as a display and an input device. Touchscreen interfaces have several limitations: the act of touching the screen occludes the display, interface elements like on-screen keyboards consume precious display real estate, and navigation through content often requires repeated actions like pinch-and-zoom. This thesis is motivated by these inherent limitations of using touch input to interact with mobile devices. Thus, the primary focus of this thesis is on using the space around the device for touchless gestural input to devices with small or no displays. Capturing gestural input in this volume requires localization of the human hand in 3D. We present a real-time system for doing so as a culmination of an exploration of novel methods for 3D capture. First, two related systems for 3D imaging are presented, both relying on modeling and algorithms from parametric sampling theory and compressed sensing. Then, a separate system for 3D localization, without full 3D imaging, is presented. This system, Mime, is built using standard, low-cost opto-electronic components - a single LED and three baseline separated photodiodes. We demonstrate fast and accurate 3D motion tracking at low power enabled by parametric scene response modeling. We combine this low-power 3D tracking with RGB image-based computer vision algorithms for finer gestural control. We demonstrate a variety of application scenarios developed using our sensor, including 3D spatial input using close-range gestures, gaming, on-the-move interaction, and operation in cluttered environments and in broad daylight conditions. by Andrea B. Colaç̦o. Ph. D.

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25

Gibson, Troy John. "Electroencephalographic responses of calves to the noxious sensory input of slaughter by ventral neck incision and its modulation with non-penetrative captive bolt stunning : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Physiology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1010.

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Slaughter by ventral neck incision (VNI) is performed on some animals without prior stunning in New Zealand and other countries. A single incision with a razor sharp blade is made in the ventral aspect of the neck, sectioning both carotid arteries and jugular veins, though, not the vertebral arteries. There are a number of potential welfare concerns surrounding slaughter by VNI including pain due to the incision, which may lead to distress during the time before loss of consciousness. The aims of this thesis were to identify cortical responses indicative of noxious stimulation due to slaughter by VNI using analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum and to investigate the effects of non-penetrative captive bolt (NPCB) stunning on these cortical responses. The studies utilised adaptations of a minimal anaesthesia model, which has been validated in a range of mammalian species. Surgical dehorning was used as a validation technique for this methodology in cattle and demonstrated a ‘typical’ EEG response to noxious stimulation. Cattle slaughtered by VNI without prior stunning produced specific responses in the EEG that strongly indicated responses to noxious stimulation. Causation was investigated in cattle where blood flow through the brain remained intact during neck tissue incision (NTI) or the major blood vessels of the neck were isolated and transected independently of other neck tissues (BVT). The response to neck incision in intact animals was principally due to the noxious sensory input due to incision of neck tissues and not mainly as a result of loss of blood flow through the brain. NPCB stunning produced states of cortical activity that were incompatible with the maintenance of sensibility and pain perception. Experimental examination of the time to onset of undoubted insensibility was attempted in cattle subsequent to a pilot study in sheep. The generation of somatosensory-evoked potentials was problematic in cattle. The conclusions of this thesis are that incision of neck tissues during slaughter without prior stunning constitutes a substantial noxious stimulus. Were an animal conscious, this stimulus would be perceived as painful until the onset of hypoxiainduced insensibility. This would represent a significant compromise to animal welfare.

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26

Atalay, Ozgur. "Development and investigation of weft knitted strain sensor." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/development-and-investigation-of-weft-knitted-strain-sensor(54fffacb-d1d7-4e9e-9d8f-7f33d4b90d66).html.

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This thesis presents a study of the sensing properties exhibited by textile-based knitted strain sensors. Sensing fabrics were manufactured from silver-plated conductive nylon and non-conducting elastomeric yarns. The component yarns offered similar diameters, bending characteristics and surface friction, but their production parameters differed in respect of the yarn input tension, the number of conductive courses in the sensing structure and the elastomeric yarn extension characteristics. The knitted sensors were manufactured using flat-bed knitting technology, and electro-mechanical tests were performed on the specimens using a tensile testing machine to apply strain whilst the sensor was incorporated into a Wheatstone bridge arrangement to allow electrical monitoring. The novel operational principle relies on the separation under strain of adjacent conducting knitted loops which are normally held in contact by the elastomeric yarn. The results confirm that production parameters play a fundamental role in determining the physical behaviour and the sensing properties of knitted sensors and the response could be engineered by varying the production parameters of specific designs. Results showed that the knitted structures could be manipulated to produce gauge factor values between 2.26 and 0.23 for sensors with working ranges of 8.4 % and 3.3 % respectively when the elastomeric yarn had 8 cN input tension. The generated signals were stable and repeatable, and under cyclic testing proved to be substantially free from long-term drift. A textile-based strain sensor was developed to create a respiration belt; this was realised by bringing together the extensible knitted sensor and a relatively inelastic textile strap. Machine simulations and real time measurements on a human subject were performed to calculate average breathing frequencies under different static and dynamic conditions. Various respiration rates were monitored to simulate different medical conditions and with the belt located either round the torso or in the abdominal area, the sensor yielded a satisfactory response. However, body motion artefacts affected the signal quality under dynamic conditions and an additional signal-processing step was added to separate unwanted interference from the breathing signal. Electro-mechanical modelling was developed by exploiting Peirce`s loop model in order to describe the fabric geometry under static and dynamic conditions. Kirchhoff`s node and loop equations were employed to create a generalised solution for the equivalent electrical resistance of the textile sensor for a given knitted loop geometry and for a specified number of loops. Experimental results were obtained from the sensor for strain levels up to 40% and these correlate well with the modelled data; a maximum error of 2.13 % was found between the experimental and modelled resistance-strain relationships.

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27

Wang, Jinhua. "A Wide Input Power Line Energy Harvesting Circuit For Wireless Sensor Nodes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103426.

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Massive deployment of wireless IoT (Internet of Things) devices makes replacement or recharge of batteries expensive and impractical for some applications. Energy harvesting is a promising solution, and various designs are proposed to harvest power from ambient resources including thermal, vibrational, solar, wind, and RF sources. Among these ambient resources, AC powerlines are a stable energy source in an urban environment. Many researchers investigated methods to exploit this stable source of energy to power wireless IoT devices. The proposed circuit aims to harvest energy from AC powerlines with a wide input range of from 10 to 50 A. The proposed system includes a wake-up circuit and is capable of cold-start. A buck-boost converter operating in DCM is adopted for impedance matching, where the impedance is rather independent of the operation conditions. So, the proposed system can be applied to various types of wireless sensor nodes with different internal impedances. Experimental results show that the proposed system achieves an efficiency of 80.99% under the powerline current of 50 A. M.S. Nowadays, with the magnificent growth of IoT devices, a reliable, and efficient energy supply system becomes more and more important, because, for some applications, battery replacement is very expensive and sometimes even impossible. At this time, a well-designed self-contained energy harvesting system is a good solution. The energy harvesting system can extend the service life of the IoT devices and reduce the frequency of charging or checking the device. In this work, the proposed circuit aims to harvest energy from the AC power lines, and the harvested power intends to power wireless sensor nodes (WSNs). By utilizing the efficient and self-contained EH system, WSNs can be used to monitor the temperature, pressure, noise level and humidity etc. The proposed energy harvesting circuit was implemented with discrete components on a printed circuit board (PCB). Under a power line current of 50 A @ 50 Hz, the proposed energy harvesting circuit can harvest 156.6 mW, with a peak efficiency of 80.99 %.

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28

Khawaja, Farhan. "Hierarchical transformations of sensory inputs along the primate dorsal visual pathway." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121159.

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The dorsal pathway of macaque visual cortex is involved in the processing of motion signals that are useful for perception and behaviour. This involves multiple stages, with each stage integrating information from its predecessors. Along these stages, motion information is first measured by the primary visual cortex (V1), which sends specialized projections to extrastriate regions such as the middle temporal area (MT). Previous work with plaid stimuli has shown that most V1 neurons respond to the individual components of moving stimuli, while some MT neurons are capable of estimating the global motion of the pattern. The observation of this pattern-selectivity has led to two-stage models, in which MT neurons integrate the outputs of component-selective V1 neurons. In this thesis we first show (Chapter 2) thatthe majority of neurons in the medial temporal area (MST), which receives input from MT, have this pattern-selective property. We also show that increased pattern selectivity in MST is associated with greater prevalence of the mechanisms (i.e. motion opponency and component integration) implemented by two-stage MT models. Thus the relationship between MST and MT is qualitatively similar to that between MT and V1, as repeated application of basic motion mechanisms leads to novel selectivities at each stage along the pathway. The second and third chapters of this thesis use dissociation of spikes and local field potentials (LFPs) through stimulus selectivity and inactivation of spiking output, respectively, to investigate the anatomical source of the LFP. These experiments suggest that the β and γLband of the LFP exhibit properties similar to the presumptive feedforward input to each area while the γH band reflects local spiking output. Together theresults of this thesis suggest a strong link between the sensory tuning of cortical LFPs and afferent inputs, with important implications for the interpretation of the BOLD signal, which has been shown to correlate with the spike-independent component of the LFP. The thesis also has important implications for the design of Brain-Machine Interfaces, which use the LFP response to decode brain function. Chez le macaque, la voie dorsale du cortex visuel est impliquée dans le traitement des signaux relatifs au mouvement qui sont utiles à la fois pour la perception et le comportement. Ce processus nécessite plusieurs étapes d'intégrations de l'information avec chacune des étapes intégrant l'information acheminée lors des étapes précédentes. Le long de ces étapes, l'information relative au mouvement est d'abord traitée par le cortex visuel primaire (V1) qui envoie des projections spécialisées aux régions extra-striées comme la région moyenne temporale (ou MT). En utilisant un stimulus visuel complexe de type 'plaid', des travaux antérieurs ont montré que la plupart des neurones V1 répondent aux composantes individuelles du stimulus en mouvement, alors que certains neurones du MT sont plutôt capables de traiter l'information concernant le mouvement et/ou le pattern du stimulus dans sa globalité. L'observation de ce type de modèle sélectif (ou modèle-sélectivité) à conduit au modèle à deux étapes au cours duquel les neurones du MT intègrent les informations sortantes sélectives des neurones V1. Dans cette thèse nous montrons tout d'abord (chapitre 2) que la majorité des neurones dans la région médiane temporale (ou MST), qui reçoivent des projections du MT, ont cette propriété de modèle-sélectivité. Nous avons montré également que l'augmentation du modèle-sélectivité dans le MST est associée à la prévalence des mécanismes implémentés par le modèle MT à deux étapes (c'est-à-dire mouvement dans des sens opposés et composante du processus d'intégration). Ainsi, la relation entre le MST et le MT est qualitativement semblable à celle entre le MT et le V1, étant donné qu'une application répétée des mécanismes de base du mouvement conduit à des sélectivités nouvelles à chaque étape le 10 long de cette voie. Dans le deuxième et le troisième chapitre de cette thèse nous avons utilisé les techniques de dissociation des potentiels d'actions ainsi que les potentiels de champs locaux (LFPs) en ayant recours, respectivement, à la stimulation sélective et l'inactivation de décharge neuronale à la sortie afin de déterminer l'origine anatomique du LFP. Nos résultats suggèrent que la bande β et γL de la LFP présente des propriétés semblables à celles des projections entrantes capables de rétroaction anticipative tandis que la bande γH reflète le pattern de décharge des projections sortantes. Ensemble, les résultats de cette thèse suggèrent un lien important entre l'affinement des entrées sensorielles des LFPs corticaux et les autres afférences, avec des implications importantes pour l'interprétation du signal "FORT", qui semble correler avec la composante indépendante du pic du LFP. La thèse a également des implications importantes dans la conception des Interfaces Cerveau- Machine, qui utilisent la réponse du LFP pour décoder le fonctionnement du cerveau.

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29

Slyper, Ronit. "Sensing Through Structure." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2012. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/158.

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We present an approach to designing input devices that focuses on the structure of materials. We explore and visualize how a material reacts under manipulation, and harness the material’s properties to design new movement sensors. Two benefits spring out of this approach. One, simpler sensing emerges from making use of existing structure in the material. Two, by working with the natural structure of the material, we create input devices with readily recognizable affordances. We present six projects using this approach. We use the natural structure (coordination) of the human body to enable a mapping from five clothing-mounted accelerometers to high-quality motion capture data, creating a low-cost performance animation system. We design silicone input devices with embedded texture allowing single-camera tracking. We study squishable, conformable materials such as foam and silicone, and create a vocabulary of unit structures (shaped cuts in the material) for harnessing patterns of compression/tension to capture particular manipulations. We use this vocabulary to build soft sensing skeletons for stuffed animals, making foam cores with e-textile versions of our unit structures. We also use this vocabulary to design a tongue input device for a collaboration with Disney Imagineering. Finally, we rethink this vocabulary and apply it to capturing, using air pressure sensors, manipulations of hollow 3D-printed rubber shapes, and 3D-print several interactive robots incorporating the new vocabulary.

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30

Pember, Stephen James. "A multiplexed network of optically powered, addressed and interrogated hybrid resonant sensors." Thesis, Brunel University, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341091.

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31

Fan, Su Yan. "Wide-input-range supply voltage tolerant capacitive sensor readout using on-chip solar cell." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335734.

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32

Drakopoulos, Leonidas. "Testing and evaluation of a pen input device using an interial/magnetic sensor module." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2008/Dec/08Dec%5FDrakopoulos.pdf.

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Thesis (Electrical Engineer and M.S. in Electrical Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 2008. Thesis Advisor(s): Yun, Xiaoping. "December 2008." Description based on title screen as viewed on January 29, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 57). Also available in print.

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33

Kose, Alper <1982&gt. "Assessment of Daily Life Mobility Levels using Wearable Inertial Sensors and Minimun Measured Input Models." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4854/1/kose_alper_thesis.pdf.

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Tracking activities during daily life and assessing movement parameters is essential for complementing the information gathered in confined environments such as clinical and physical activity laboratories for the assessment of mobility. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used as to monitor the motion of human movement for prolonged periods of time and without space limitations. The focus in this study was to provide a robust, low-cost and an unobtrusive solution for evaluating human motion using a single IMU. First part of the study focused on monitoring and classification of the daily life activities. A simple method that analyses the variations in signal was developed to distinguish two types of activity intervals: active and inactive. Neural classifier was used to classify active intervals; the angle with respect to gravity was used to classify inactive intervals. Second part of the study focused on extraction of gait parameters using a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to the pelvis. Two complementary methods were proposed for gait parameters estimation. First method was a wavelet based method developed for the estimation of gait events. Second method was developed for estimating step and stride length during level walking using the estimations of the previous method. A special integration algorithm was extended to operate on each gait cycle using a specially designed Kalman filter. The developed methods were also applied on various scenarios. Activity monitoring method was used in a PRIN’07 project to assess the mobility levels of individuals living in a urban area. The same method was applied on volleyball players to analyze the fitness levels of them by monitoring their daily life activities. The methods proposed in these studies provided a simple, unobtrusive and low-cost solution for monitoring and assessing activities outside of controlled environments.

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34

Kose, Alper <1982&gt. "Assessment of Daily Life Mobility Levels using Wearable Inertial Sensors and Minimun Measured Input Models." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4854/.

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Tracking activities during daily life and assessing movement parameters is essential for complementing the information gathered in confined environments such as clinical and physical activity laboratories for the assessment of mobility. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used as to monitor the motion of human movement for prolonged periods of time and without space limitations. The focus in this study was to provide a robust, low-cost and an unobtrusive solution for evaluating human motion using a single IMU. First part of the study focused on monitoring and classification of the daily life activities. A simple method that analyses the variations in signal was developed to distinguish two types of activity intervals: active and inactive. Neural classifier was used to classify active intervals; the angle with respect to gravity was used to classify inactive intervals. Second part of the study focused on extraction of gait parameters using a single inertial measurement unit (IMU) attached to the pelvis. Two complementary methods were proposed for gait parameters estimation. First method was a wavelet based method developed for the estimation of gait events. Second method was developed for estimating step and stride length during level walking using the estimations of the previous method. A special integration algorithm was extended to operate on each gait cycle using a specially designed Kalman filter. The developed methods were also applied on various scenarios. Activity monitoring method was used in a PRIN’07 project to assess the mobility levels of individuals living in a urban area. The same method was applied on volleyball players to analyze the fitness levels of them by monitoring their daily life activities. The methods proposed in these studies provided a simple, unobtrusive and low-cost solution for monitoring and assessing activities outside of controlled environments.

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35

Bahceci, Israfil. "Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Wireless Systems: Coding, Distributed Detection and Antenna Selection." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-08262005-022321/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. Altunbasak, Yucel, Committee Chair ; Mersereau, Russell M., Committee Member ; Fekri, Faramarz, Committee Member ; Smith, Glenn, Committee Member ; Huo, Xiaoming, Committee Member. Includes bibliographical references.

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36

Wang, Zeqi. "A design research study of the effects of process variation on the performance and functionality of a multi-input neural sensor (MINS) IC for neural signal recording." Thesis, Boston University, 2014. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21272.

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(Thesis: M.Sc.Eng.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you. In recent years, the effects of process variation have become increasingly more severe as technology has been scaling down in lithographic dimension. This problem also has affected the operation of the MINS IC (Multi-Input Neural Sensor) designed at Boston University by Dr. Lu Wang. This MINS chip was designed for use in both in-vitro and in-vivo applications of measuring and recording neural action potentials and local field potentials in the brains of animals. The MINS chip has been tested and is fully functional, however, with a serious problem of output level shifting from input-to-input due to process variation. This thesis will focus on the study of the effect of process variation on the MINS chip and a proposed method for process variation correction. The effect of process variation on the MINS chip is an extremely serious issue, given the large amount of gain required to sense and record neural signals, especially local field potentials, which have an input voltage of the order of 10-100 μV. The previous version of the printed circuit board designed to correct for process variation can center the output between the upper and lower rails by measuring the required column bias current independently for each of 256 inputs individually and storing these on an FPGA. However, this process variation correction procedure has jeopardized the ability to scan at the required rate in order to record action potentials (spikes). This thesis has two parts: The first part includes the study of the effects of process variation on the functionality of the 8HP MINS chip by doing Gaussian distribution analysis. The second part is the design of a new printed circuit board to increase the speed of the process variation correction procedure in scan mode, and as a goal, to center the output level in both stop mode and scan mode. The study of the effects of process variation on MINS utilizes circuit simulations with the IBM 8HP device models and design kit, using extracted models based on the MINS chip layout. According to the Monte Carlo sampling analysis, only 12 out of 200 samples are showing output level to be around center, with 65% of the samples having output voltage at upper and lower rails. What is more, as the study of 1000 cases shows, a column bias current of about 105uA and/or a bias voltage of 1.212 V, with 3σ to be 3.798uA and 0.131V respectively, is needed to center the output. A new developed version of the variation correction PCB has been designed and fabricated, utilizing a charge pump methodology to quickly charge up (or discharge) the large stabilization capacitor (4.7μF) placed on the Ibias0 node for stability, on the existing MINS PCB. Given that the Ibias0 current on MINS is only around 100μA, a large current of the order of 250-500mA is used in order to achieve the desired scan rate on the chip. A ping-pong approach is used, having two 4.7μF capacitors so that one can be readied while the other is being used for the testing. This PCB design also includes the needed controls with comparators and logic to terminate the charging/discharging operation at the exact correct voltage on the Ibias0 node, for each of the 256 inputs. On this new board, the required voltage at the Ibias0 node (Vbias0) to center the output, instead of Ibias0, will be measured and stored for each of 256 inputs in both stop mode and scan mode. 2031-01-01

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37

Kestell, Colin D. "Active control of sound in a small single engine aircraft cabin with virtual error sensors." Title page, abstract and contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk423.pdf.

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38

Montebelli, Alberto. "Towards navigation without sensory inputs: modelling Hesslow?s simulation hypothesis in artificial cognitive agents." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-906.

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In the recent years a growing interest in Cognitive Science has been directed to the cognitive role of the agent's ability to predict the consequences of their actions, without actual engagement with their environment. The creation of an experimental model for Hesslow's simulation hypothesis, based on the use of a simulated adaptive agent and the methods of evolutionary robotics within the general perspective of radical connectionism, is reported in this dissertation. A hierarchical architecture consisting of a mixture of (recurrent) experts is investigated in order to test its ability to produce an 'inner world', functional stand-in for the agent's interactions with its environment. Such a mock world is expected to be rich enough to sustain 'blind navigation', which means navigation based solely on the agent's own internal predictions. The results exhibit the system's vivid internal dynamics, its critical sensitivity to a high number of parameters and, finally, a discrepancy with the declared goal of blind navigation. However, given the dynamical complexity of the system, further analysis and testing appear necessary.

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39

Kim, Sanghong. "Statistical Modeling Method for Efficiency Improvement of Industrial Processes." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188626.

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40

Hoops, Christopher Michael. "Uncertainty Analysis for Control Inputs of Diesel Engines." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282067559.

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41

Böhm, Urs Lucas. "Physiological inputs to cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066196/document.

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Les neurones au contact du liquide céphalorachidien (CSF-cNs) sont des cellules ciliées présentes tout autour du canal central de la moelle épinière. Ces cellules sont GABAergiques, déploient une brosse de microvillosités à l'intérieur de la lumière du canal et sont caractérisées par une expression du canal ionique Pkd2l1. Ceci les désigne comme de potentielles cellules sensorielles. Il a été montré que les CSF-cNs peuvent moduler la locomotion et qu'elles réagissent aux variations de pH in vitro. Cependant les modalités sensorielles transmises par ces cellules et leur implication dans la fonction locomotrice nous échappent encore. Dans ma thèse, j'étudie la fonction sensorielle des CSF-cNs dans la moelle épinière de la larve de poisson zèbre. En combinant le relargage de proton et l'imagerie pH avec l'imagerie calcique, nous avons pu montrer que les CSF-cNs répondent à des pics d'acidification in vivo et que cette réponse persiste dans des mutants pkd2l1. Nous démontrons également que les CSF-cNs ne sont pas activés de façon coordonnée lors de la locomotion fictive. Les mouvements actifs ou passifs de la queue conduisent toutefois à l'activation spécifique des CSF-cNs ipsilatérales de la contraction musculaire. Ces observations suggèrent que les CSF-cNs sont recrutées par une stimulation mécanique. Les mutants pkd2l1 ont montré une diminution de la réponse à la flexion active et passive de la queue et une diminution de la fréquence de battement de la queue. Dans son ensemble, le travail présenté ici met donc en évidence que les CSF-cNs répondent aux variations de pH in vivo et révèle leur rôle d'organe mécanosensoriel permettant la modulation du réseau locomoteur spinal Cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs) are ciliated cells surrounding the central canal. These cells are GABAergic, extend a brush of microvilli into the lumen and are specified by the expression of the transient receptor potential ion channel Pkd2l1. The atypical morphology of CSF-cNs and their location make them candidates for sensory cells. It has been shown that CSF-cNs modulate locomotion by projecting onto the locomotor central pattern generators (CPGs) and that CSF-cNs can react to changes of pH in vitro, but the sensory modality these cells convey to spinal circuits and their relevance to locomotion remain elusive. In my thesis I investigate the sensory function of CSF-cNs in the zebrafish larva spinal cord. By combining proton uncaging together with pH imaging and calcium imaging, we could show that CSF-cNs respond to pulses of acidification in vivo and that this response persists in pkd2l1 mutants. Using genetically encoded calcium sensors we showed that CSF-cNs are not coordinately activated during fictive locomotion. Active or passive tail movement, however, led to CSF-cN activation restrained to cells ipsilateral to muscle contraction. These observations suggest that CSF-cNs are recruited by ipsilateral muscle contraction and/or tail torsion. Pkd2l1 mutants showed a decreased response to active and passive bending of the tail and a subtle but consistent decrease of tail-beat frequency was observed in the startle response. Altogether, the presented work shows evidence that CSF-cNs respond to changes in CSF pH and reveals that CSF-cNs constitute a mechanosensory organ which operates during locomotion to modulate spinal CPGs

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42

Bishop, Darcy Clair. "The control of lower limb sensory inputs associated with a seated inverted-pendulum balancing task." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0007/MQ43140.pdf.

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43

Millard, Daniel C. "Identification and control of neural circuit dynamics for natural and surrogate inputs in-vivo." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53405.

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A principal goal of neural engineering is to control the activation of neural circuits across space and time. The ability to control neural circuits with surrogate inputs is needed for the development of clinical neural prostheses and the experimental interrogation of connectivity between brain regions. Electrical stimulation provides a clinically viable method for activating neural tissue and the emergence of optogenetic stimulation has redefined the limitations on stimulating neural tissue experimentally. However, it remains poorly understood how these tools activate complex neural circuits. The goal of this proposed project was to gain a greater understanding of how to control the activity of neural circuits in-vivo using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Voltage sensitive dye imaging was used to observe the spatiotemporal activity within the rodent somatosensory cortex in response to systematically varied patterns of sensory, electrical, and optogenetic stimulation. First, the cortical response to simple patterns of sensory and artificial stimuli was characterized and modeled, revealing distinct neural response properties due to the differing synchrony with which the neural circuit was engaged. Then, we specifically designed artificial stimuli to improve the functional relevance of the resulting downstream neural responses. Finally, through direct optogenetic modulation of thalamic state, we demonstrate control of the nonlinear propagation of neural activity within the thalamocortical circuit. The combined experimental and computational approach described in this thesis provides a comprehensive description of the nonlinear dynamics of the thalamocortical circuit to surrogate stimuli. Together, the characterization, modeling, and overall control of downstream neural activity stands to inform the development of central nervous system sensory prostheses, and more generally provides the initial tools and framework for the control of neural activity in-vivo.

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44

Gummadavalli, Pavan Kumar Nair Satish S. Potts Jeffrey T. "Computational modeling of sensory circuitry in the nucleus tractus solitarii from arterial baroreceptor and somatosensory inputs." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4941.

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The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on September 10, 2009). Thesis advisor: Dr. Satish S. Nair, Dr. Jeffery T. Potts. Includes "Presentations and Publications" by author. Includes bibliographical references.

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45

Tomar, Abhineet Singh. "Modern Electrical/Electronic Infrastructure for Commercial Trucks : Generic Input/Output nodes for sensors and actuators in Commercial Trucks." Thesis, KTH, Radio Systems Laboratory (RS Lab), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-220183.

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The presence of electrical and electronic circuits in commercial trucks has increased at a very fast rate during recent decades. With advancements in embedded systems and the introduction of electric controls in the automotive industry, the design of complex electric systems for the vehicles has become one of the major design challenges. In the commercial truck industry, the development cycles are almost a decade long. Therefore, it is a big challenge to introduce a new architecture to accommodate the modern automotive technologies in the upcoming generation of trucks. Currently, the commercial truck industry relies highly on a federated electrical/electronic (E/E) architecture. In this architecture, Electronic Control Units (ECU) are responsible for computation and Input/Output operations. These ECUs are clustered into different domains based on their respective functions. However, these domains are not isolated from each other. These modules communicate with each other using a vehicular network, which is typically a controller area network in the current trucks. In the automotive industry, automation is increasing at a fast pace. As the level of automation increases, the need for high computation also increases, which increases the overall costs. This study aims to address this problem by introducing an integrated E/E architecture where all the computational power is concentrated at one place (or perhaps two or three places to allow for redundancy). This study proposes to introduce a lowcost replacement for the current ECUs with more limited computational power but with generic input/output interfaces. This thesis provides the reader with some background of the current E/E architecture of commercial trucks and introduces the reader to ECUs. Additionally, the relevant network architectures and protocols are explained. A potential solution, based upon the centralized computation based E/E architecture and its implementation are discussed followed by a detailed analysis of the replacements for ECUs. The result of this analysis, if adopted, should result in a reduction of manufacturing and design costs, as well as make the production and maintenance process easier. Moreover, this should also have environmental benefits by reducing fuel consumption. Förekomsten av elektronik och elektriska kretsar I kommersiella lastbilar has ökat i en väldigt snabb takt under de senaste decennierna. Med framsteg inom inbyggda system och introduktionen av elektroniska styrsystem i fordonsindustrin så har komplexa elektroniska system blivit en av de största designutmaningarna. I den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin där utvecklingscyklerna är nästan ett decennium, är det en stor utmaning att introducera ny arkitektur som tillgodoser all den nya teknologin som införlivas i fordonet. För närvarande så förlitar sig den kommersiella lastbilsindustrin mycket på en federated elektrisk/elektronisk (E/E) arkitektur. I denna arkitektur är elektroniska styrenheter (ECU) ansvariga för beräkningar och I/O (Input/Output) operationer. Dessa ECU:er är samlade i olika domäner baserade på dess funktioner. Domänerna är dock inte isolerade från varandra. De här modulerna kommunicerar därför med varandra med hjälp av ett fordonsnätverk, typiskt en CAN (Controller Area Network) i nuvarande lastbilar. I fordonsindustrin ökar automatiseringen i en snabb fart. I takt med att automatiseringen ökar så ökar även behovet av snabba och energiintensiva beräkningar, vilket i sin tur ökar den totala kostnaden. Denna studie har som mål att adressera det här problemet genom att introducera en integrated E/E arkitektur där all beräkningskraft är koncentrerad till en plats (eller två eller tre platser för att tillåta överskott). Den här studien föreslår att introducera en ersättning av nuvarande ECU:er till en låg kostnad, med lägre beräkningskraft och generiska I/O gränssnitt. Studien föreslår också ersättningar av nuvarande fordonsnätverk. Den här uppsatsen förser läsaren med viss bakgrund till den nuvarande E/E arkitekturen för kommersiella lastbilar och introducerar läsaren till ECU:er. Dessutom förklaras de relevanta nätverksarkitekturerna och protokollen. En potentiell lösning som baseras på den integrated E/E arkitekturen och dess implementering diskuteras med fokus på en detaljerad analys av ersättningarna till ECU:er. Resultatet av den här analysen skulle, om den adopteras, medföra minskning av tillverknings- och designkostnader samt leda till en förenkling av produktion och underhåll. Utöver det så bör det även ha miljöfördelar genom minskad bränsleförbrukning.

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46

Ptáček, Martin. "Spatial Function Estimation with Uncertain Sensor Locations." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-449288.

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Tato práce se zabývá úlohou odhadování prostorové funkce z hlediska regrese pomocí Gaussovských procesů (GPR) za současné nejistoty tréninkových pozic (pozic senzorů). Nejdříve je zde popsána teorie v pozadí GPR metody pracující se známými tréninkovými pozicemi. Tato teorie je poté aplikována při odvození výrazů prediktivní distribuce GPR v testovací pozici při uvážení nejistoty tréninkových pozic. Kvůli absenci analytického řešení těchto výrazů byly výrazy aproximovány pomocí metody Monte Carlo. U odvozené metody bylo demonstrováno zlepšení kvality odhadu prostorové funkce oproti standardnímu použití GPR metody a také oproti zjednodušenému řešení uvedenému v literatuře. Dále se práce zabývá možností použití metody GPR s nejistými tréninkovými pozicemi v~kombinaci s výrazy s dostupným analytickým řešením. Ukazuje se, že k dosažení těchto výrazů je třeba zavést značné předpoklady, což má od počátku za následek nepřesnost prediktivní distribuce. Také se ukazuje, že výsledná metoda používá standardní výrazy GPR v~kombinaci s upravenou kovarianční funkcí. Simulace dokazují, že tato metoda produkuje velmi podobné odhady jako základní GPR metoda uvažující známé tréninkové pozice. Na druhou stranu prediktivní variance (nejistota odhadu) je u této metody zvýšena, což je žádaný efekt uvážení nejistoty tréninkových pozic.

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47

Hirtle, Sean T. "EIGHT DEGREE OF FREEDOM VEHICLE MODEL WITH PITCH, YAW, TIRE CONTROL AND SENSOR INPUTS." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1360.

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This research focuses on the development of an eight degree of freedom vehicle model in the MATLAB computing language. Its purpose is to provide flexibility in the modeling and implementation of signal inputs and crash avoidance logic while maintaining accuracy in the physics of the vehicle’s motion. Firstly, the equations of motion for the bodies involved under a reasonable set of assumptions were developed. Next the model was translated to computer code. By writing the model in SimuLink with *.m files, the modularity of the code is enhanced. To validate the model, several well defined tests were simulated. To establish some form of credibility, the solutions from this model were compared against three independent solution sets. Three different visual correlates were noted: dynamic response, steady state accuracy, and tendency to oscillate in the high frequency domain. The dynamic response of the model was shown to agree with the empirically measured results. Some steady state accuracy arguments were presented, with focus on further development of the tire model. Future research into other finite difference methods were also given. Regarding three dimensional kinematics, it should be mentioned that this model uses the simplest approximation to a set of partial differential equations allowable, which gives it some form of presentability in the classroom. The method is comprehensible to even the most amateur computational physicist. For the tests presented, this approximation is convergent, and highlights the efficacy of residual methodologies.

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48

Pedersen, Cathrine Yvonne. "Interfacial Study of Input Data in Dynamic Ice-Structure Interaction and Evaluation of Tactile Sensors Usability in Ice-Related Problems." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for bygg, anlegg og transport, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26229.

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Tactile sensor recordings have been analyzed in time domain, frequency domain and visually to identify failure processes along a structural interface. Except for the pre-study to this thesis, there was not found anywhere in former literature that the spectral analyze method have been applied at small- scale tactile data from a cylindrical indenter. Underlying data have manly been conducted during the Deciphering Ice Inducted Vibration (EU- HYDRALAB DIIV) test campaign at HSVA in 2011. Both global and local forces have been evaluated. Similar to former studies were intermittent crushing found to dominate at lower indentation rates and brittle crushing at higher indentation speeds. For two test series analyzed in this paper transition speeds were found between 80 -90 mm/s and 60-70 mm/s. Contact area in different crushing regimes have been evaluated. Higher correlations in contact area were observed during tendencies to frequency lock-in. Line-like contact tended to prevail in continuous brittle crushing. Trends in time-history plots of experimental data with theoretical results show a decrease in correlation between local forces with increasing indentation velocities. During tendencies to frequency lock-in a resonant frequency of 8.57 Hz was found. This was slightly below the first natural frequency of the system. A possible sub-harmonic frequency was observed in two of thirteen panels within the same time window. Usability and the tactile sensors ability to reconstruct rapid pressure changes have been evaluated as a second stage of this thesis. In addition have there been search to develop an experimental routine to calibrate the tactile sensor. A sensor recording with 100 Hz failed in reconstructing a hammer-excitation, but was well reconstructing forces during a compression test of ice with ductile behavior. In general, output data from the tactile sensor was strongly dependent of the calibration file.

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49

Ware, David A. "Effects of Intentional Electromagnetic Interference on Analog to Digital Converter Measurements of Sensor Outputs and General Purpose Input Output Pins." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6640.

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As technology becomes more prevalent, its application to safety and security in critical systems continues to increase. This leads to an increased dependence on sensors to provide an accurate view of the environment surrounding an application. These sensors can also be exploited by a malicious individual to attack a system and compromise its safety or security. These attacks change the reported value of a sensor so that it doesn't re ect the real situation. The systems in a car can be used as an example of this. Cars can have numerous sensors that measure a variety of things, including the car's distance from an object, if the tires are locking up, or if the gas is low. The use of these sensors makes cars safer and more convenient to use. Using IEMI, an attacker could compromise some of these systems by changing the reported value so that an object appears further away than it actually is or that the tires aren't locking up when they are, possibly causing the car to crash. By doing this, a malicious individual could compromise the safety or security of a car. This work attempts to understand what would be required for a malicious individual to conduct such an attack, thereby allowing for the identification of systems that are vulnerable to such attacks. This understanding would also provide the basis for designing defenses against these attacks, thereby increasing the safety of society at large.

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50

Danishvar, Morad. "Modelling and design of the eco-system of causality for real-time systems." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12105.

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The purpose of this research work is to propose an improved method for real-time sensitivity analysis (SA) applicable to large-scale complex systems. Borrowed from the EventTracker principle of the interrelation of causal events, it deploys the Rank Order Clustering (ROC) method to automatically group every relevant system input to parameters that represent the system state (i.e. output). The fundamental principle of event modelling is that the state of a given system is a function of every acquirable piece of knowledge or data (input) of events that occur within the system and its wider operational environment unless proven otherwise. It therefore strives to build the theoretical and practical foundation for the engineering of input data. The event modelling platform proposed attempts to filter unwanted data, and more importantly, include information that was thought to be irrelevant at the outset of the design process. The underpinning logic of the proposed Event Clustering technique (EventiC) is to build causal relationship between the events that trigger the inputs and outputs of the system. EventiC groups inputs with relevant corresponding outputs and measures the impact of each input variable on the output variables in short spans of time (relative real-time). It is believed that this grouping of relevant input-output event data by order of its importance in real-time is the key contribution to knowledge in this subject area. Our motivation is that components of current complex and organised systems are capable of generating and sharing information within their network of interrelated devices and systems. In addition to being an intelligent recorder of events, EventiC could also be a platform for preliminary data and knowledge construction. This improvement in the quality, and at times the quantity of input data, may lead to improved higher level mathematical formalism. It is hoped that better models will translate into superior controls and decision making. It is therefore believed that the projected outcome of this research work can be used to predict, stabilize (control), and optimize (operational research) the work of complex systems in the shortest possible time. For proof of concept, EventiC was designed using the MATLAB package and implemented using real-time data from the monitoring and control system of a typical cement manufacturing plant. The purpose for this deployment was to test and validate the concept, and to demonstrate whether the clusters of input data and their levels of importance against system performance indicators could be approved by industry experts. EventiC was used as an input variable selection tool for improving the existing fuzzy controller of the plant. Finally, EventiC was compared with its predecessor EventTracker using the same case study. The results revealed improvements in both computational efficiency and the quality of input variable selection.

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