Tesis sobre el tema "Sémantique de motif"
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Dupuis, France. "Une approche linguistique et phénoménologique de la sémantique du mot amour". Thesis, Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE1141.
Texto completoConstruction of the semantic form “amour”. The core of this work is a phenomenological endeavourtargeting the emergence of meaning considered as the result of a conceptualizing process rooted inaffective and perceptual experience. Three intertwined strata of meaning can be observed in thesemantics of the word. These take an active part in the global construction of the form via each ofthese strata, namely the germ-motif stratum, the profiling-unfolding process stratum and the thematicdiscursiveone. The latter notions make it possible to open the creative space of meaning in a trulyoriginal fashion. This creative space results from the intertwining of perception, language and thevarious modalities of self-appropriation of the phenomenon arising in /and through a discourse on loveand the amorous discourse. The word amour polarizes a movement dynamics within the amorousdiscourse. This word is anchored to the heterogeneous “motif” of a dynamic power liable to surpassthe process per se such as linked to its object. It is a vehicle for aesthesic, axiological andpraxeological properties. The phenomenology of the word amour mostly expands in the domain ofqualitative and poetic figures as well as metaphorizing constructions. In the latter domain, figures andconstructions aim at uniting the perceptive and thematic fields, thus enabling the speaker, thoughpartially only, to grasp his amorous experience as well as to express his own impressions andfeelings
Dupuis, France. "Une approche linguistique et phénoménologique de la sémantique du mot amour". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Orléans, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ORLE1141.
Texto completoConstruction of the semantic form “amour”. The core of this work is a phenomenological endeavourtargeting the emergence of meaning considered as the result of a conceptualizing process rooted inaffective and perceptual experience. Three intertwined strata of meaning can be observed in thesemantics of the word. These take an active part in the global construction of the form via each ofthese strata, namely the germ-motif stratum, the profiling-unfolding process stratum and the thematicdiscursiveone. The latter notions make it possible to open the creative space of meaning in a trulyoriginal fashion. This creative space results from the intertwining of perception, language and thevarious modalities of self-appropriation of the phenomenon arising in /and through a discourse on loveand the amorous discourse. The word amour polarizes a movement dynamics within the amorousdiscourse. This word is anchored to the heterogeneous “motif” of a dynamic power liable to surpassthe process per se such as linked to its object. It is a vehicle for aesthesic, axiological andpraxeological properties. The phenomenology of the word amour mostly expands in the domain ofqualitative and poetic figures as well as metaphorizing constructions. In the latter domain, figures andconstructions aim at uniting the perceptive and thematic fields, thus enabling the speaker, thoughpartially only, to grasp his amorous experience as well as to express his own impressions andfeelings
Lermusiaux, Pierre. "Analyse statique de transformations pour l’élimination de motifs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0372.
Texto completoProgram transformation is an extremely common practice in computer science. From compilation to tests generation, through many approaches of code analysis and formal verification of programs, it is a process that is both ubiquitous and critical to properly functionning programs and information systems. This thesis proposes to study the program transformations mechanisms in order to express and verify syntactical guarantees on the behaviour of these transformations and on their results.Giving a characterisation of the shape of terms returned by such a transformation is, indeed, a common approach to the formal verification of programs. In order to express some properties often used by this type of approaches, we propose in this thesis a formalism inspired by the model of compilation passes, that are used to describe the general compilation of a program as a sequence of minimal transformations, and based on the notions of pattern matching and term rewriting.This formalism relies on an annotation mechanism of function symbols in order to express a set of specfications describing the behaviours of the associated functions. We then propose a static analysis method in order to check that a transformation, expressed as a term rewrite system, actually verifiesits specifications
Thomas, Jean-François. "Gloria et Laus, étude sémantique". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040207.
Texto completoThe subject is the analysis of the semantics of the words gloria and laus. Both contain a rich polysemy and keep in touch concerning the synonymy. The way of doing is the componential analysis but we also take in account the "referents" of the words. It seems that gloria finds its unity in the meaning of brightness; therefore we can draw an etymological parallel with the root *gel- "to shine". It is more difficult to reconstitute the coherence and the story of laus. The main difference bears upon the meaning of "glory": the notoriety intrudes on the others attention {gloria) or it is given by the collective sense [laus)
Barathieu, Marie-Agnès. "Les mobiles de Marcel Proust, une sémantique du déplacement". Toulouse 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU20046.
Texto completoA semantic study of travelling and private means of transportation: les "mobiles" (horse-drawn vehicles, automobile, bicycle, aeroplane) in the Recherche and the two chapters in Jean Santeuil (from the sociological, affective, artistic and literary aspect). A study of the relationship of means of transportation and the fashion of an age (Belle époque) and the evolution of society (collapse of aristocracy, and the rise of middle class) as well as the semiological status of the characters (emblem, indirect or differential characterization, mediation, auxiliary) and the modalisation (expression of narrator, organised distribution, indirect language, enunciation). Their relationship with inversion particularly through drivers (baron de Charlus, le chauffeur de Balbec; and bicyclists (Albertine in Recherche, Servois in Jean Santeuil) but also through hero-narrator's interest in all these. Their relationship with the Swann's sentiments, the differents Odette (dame en rose, dame en blanc) and with a famous metaphor (faire catleya). Their relationship towards writing (motion and emotion) and the initiation novel the three memorable vehicles ("epiphanies-machines"), the vocation of the author of la Recherche du temps perdu ; reference to notion of M. Bakhtine : chronotope; their relationship with (visionary or static) art in general (motion, color generalised metamorphosis) and artists (Berma, Elstir, Bergotte, hero-narrator). Their relationship with biography of Marcel Proust (above all Alfred Agostinelli, Jacques Bizet), study of mobility of text of Proust
Betote, Doumbe Akwa Martin Robert. "Identité lexicale et régulation de la variation sémantique : identité et variation du mot raison". Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100025.
Texto completoCostes, Anne. "La métamorphose : fonctions et investissements sémantiques au sein de cent et un contes européens et africains". Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20041.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at discovering the different narrative and structural functions and the semantic investment of metamorphosis in one hundred one European and African fairy tales. Through a semiotic analysis, our approach lies on the hypothesis according which the tale is resonating with different levels. In the same way as numerous tale motifs, the metamorphosis forms a metapsychological configuration linked to anthropological preoccupations. Moreover, it illustrates reminiscences of ethnological practices linked to passage rites, initiation rites, and funeral cults. It also recalls totemic beliefs. Besides these ethnological considerations, it lies on rhetorical and linguistic processes which contribute to enhance positively or negatively the metamorphosed subject according to other subjects. It permits to incarnate fear as well as fascination men or women or any changing person may suggest to others. This study is composed of three parts. In the first chapter, we define our approach of the fairy tales and our methodology. The second chapter consists in a presentation of the nine groups of tales in which the metamorphosis appears. We expound the thematic and narrative composition, the representational content, the mythological inspiration of the tales which are concerned so as to make appear the semantic and structural role metamorphosis acts at last, in the third chapter, we present the different types of metamorphosis, its different semantic and narrative functions as well as the reinvestment of ethnological material and the rhetorical processes linked to anthropological preoccupations
Gavoille, Élisabeth. "Ars, étude sémantique et historique du mot latin jusqu'à l'époque cicéronienne". Paris 4, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA040349.
Texto completoThis thesis is a semantic study of the word ars. It begins at the commencement of Latin literature and includes the ciceronian era, the perspective being both lexicographic and historical. After the etymological research, which highlights the fundamental elements of order and of ability for organization, the various meanings of ars are classified applying the methods of componential analysis. The evolution of this semantic structure is seen on two levels: the archaic period and the first century (dominated globally by cicero). During this second era new meanings of ars began to appear ("a special science", "a technique or method", "a theory, system" and "a treatise"), essentially borrowed from the Greek word techne, from which ars is the Latin counterpart, notably apparent in rhetorical and philosophical works. These new definitions do not replace the older ones ("skill" and "behavior, practices", "professional skill, craftsmanship" and "a profession, craft"): the plural artes bonae, which can be synonymous with artes liberales (the basis of a free man culture) was used concurrently to designates the traditional roman virtues as opposed to the Greek uirtules. Out of this study one surmises that ars like techne is not limited to practical knowledge but provides for a larger explanation of human knowledge
Toussaint, Yannick. "Fouille de textes : des méthodes symboliques pour la construction d'ontologies et l'annotation sémantique guidée par les connaissances". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764162.
Texto completoHessas, Hakim. "L'Europe dans la revue Europe : analyse sémantique et statistique de corpus". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0036.
Texto completoHow "Europe" is represented with in the Review Europe? This research is meant to answer this question through a semantic and statistical investigation of a corpus of texts extracted from the Review itseIf since its fouodation in 1923, up to the year 2000. This review posed itseIf to be a rupture space with the preceding period of time represented as "declining". Based on the construction of the semantic course (trajectory), the different analyses show permanences through the themes like living body and the myth of Europe. Moreover, Europe is defined in the Review as opposed to a farther ever islamic Orient, paradoxically embodied in the secular Turkey, that of the aftermath of Kemal's Revolution
Hagil, Abdelmoula. "Le vocabulaire de la mort chez les Arabes jusqu'au septième siècle ap. J. -C : essai d'analyse morpho-sémantique". Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040263.
Texto completoThis research tends to explain that language is the best way to study and analyze the by gone people's civilizations and cultures. This study is mainly morphological and semantic analysis, as it is transmitted in ibn Sidah's muhassas. In this research, i used also a few up to date representations expressed by some terms as : mawt, halak, maniyya and theirs equivalents
Andre, Dominique. "Étude sémantique du substantif pouvoir dans Les Rougon-Macquart de Zola". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20046/document.
Texto completoPower is a key element in the work of Zola, who was the first author to make political power the subject of a novel in Son Excellence Eugène Rougon. This thesis will therefore study the noun pouvoir (power), an abstract word whose polysemy is extensive.The first part is a lexicological and lexicographic study of the noun pouvoir in French considered as a language system (langue). The lexicological study uses basic notions of lexical semantics to present the polysemy, synonyms, context and connotations of pouvoir. The lexicographic study offers a diachronic analysis of this verbal noun from its first attested use in 842, reviewing its different meanings in old, pre-classical, classical, modern and contemporary French.The second part goes on to study pouvoir in a discourse setting in Zola’s Rougon-Macquart cycle. Using a semasiological approach, the 139 occurrences of the word across the twenty novels are classified according to a dominant meaning. This makes it possible to show the range of meanings of the word based on an analysis of the precise contexts in which it is used. In context, it becomes apparent that it is sometimes difficult to define the word’s meaning precisely, since ambiguities or slippages are observed with respect to the meanings established in the study of the overall language system. This part of the thesis thus sheds a different light on the word, by situating its polysemy in a continuum of meanings.The third part uses an onomasiological approach, analysing the broader contexts of the use of the word to establish three semantic fields of pouvoir. Its generic field is composed of the synonyms autorité (authority), puissance (power, capacity), toute-puissance (omnipotence), ascendant (ascendancy, influence), domination (domination), empire (empire), force (force), trône (throne). Its associative field, analysed through the different meanings of the word, can be summarised in seven representative key words : régime politique (political regime), appétits (appetites), bande (gang), force (force), impuissance (powerlessness), chute (fall), and disgrâce (disgrace). Finally an analysis of the actantial field of the word reveals that members of the Rougon-Macquart family are over-represented compared to other characters in actant positions related to power.Adopting an approach which spans the divide between language as system (langue) and discourse, this study shows that the double semantic reach of pouvoir as ‘capability’ (capacité) and ‘authority’ (autorité) is not present in Zola. Zola chooses to give massive priority to meanings of pouvoir which relate to authority. This serves to reveal the author’s attitude towards his characters, who possess authority without necessarily having the corresponding capability
Belghaouti, Fethi. "Interopérabilité des systèmes distribués produisant des flux de données sémantiques au profit de l'aide à la prise de décision". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLL003.
Texto completoInternet is an infinite source of data coming from sources such as social networks or sensors (home automation, smart city, autonomous vehicle, etc.). These heterogeneous and increasingly large data can be managed through semantic web technologies, which propose to homogenize, link these data and reason above them, and data flow management systems, which mainly address the problems related to volume, volatility and continuous querying. The alliance of these two disciplines has seen the growth of semantic data stream management systems also called RSP (RDF Stream Processing Systems). The objective of this thesis is to allow these systems, via new approaches and "low cost" algorithms, to remain operational, even more efficient, even for large input data volumes and/or with limited system resources.To reach this goal, our thesis is mainly focused on the issue of "Processing semantic data streamsin a context of computer systems with limited resources". It directly contributes to answer the following research questions : (i) How to represent semantic data stream ? And (ii) How to deal with input semantic data when their rates and/or volumes exceed the capabilities of the target system ?As first contribution, we propose an analysis of the data in the semantic data streams in order to consider a succession of star graphs instead of just a success of andependent triples, thus preserving the links between the triples. By using this approach, we significantly impoved the quality of responses of some well known sampling algoithms for load-shedding. The analysis of the continuous query allows the optimisation of this solution by selection the irrelevant data to be load-shedded first. In the second contribution, we propose an algorithm for detecting frequent RDF graph patterns in semantic data streams.We called it FreGraPaD for Frequent RDF Graph Patterns Detection. It is a one pass algorithm, memory oriented and "low-cost". It uses two main data structures : A bit-vector to build and identify the RDF graph pattern, providing thus memory space optimization ; and a hash-table for storing the patterns.The third contribution of our thesis consists of a deterministic load-shedding solution for RSP systems, called POL (Pattern Oriented Load-shedding for RDF Stream Processing systems). It uses very low-cost boolean operators, that we apply on the built binary patterns of the data and the continuous query inorder to determine which data is not relevant to be ejected upstream of the system. It guarantees a recall of 100%, reduces the system load and improves response time. Finally, in the fourth contribution, we propose Patorc (Pattern Oriented Compression for RSP systems). Patorc is an online compression toolfor RDF streams. It is based on the frequent patterns present in RDF data streams that factorizes. It is a data lossless compression solution whith very possible querying without any need to decompression.This thesis provides solutions that allow the extension of existing RSP systems and makes them able to scale in a bigdata context. Thus, these solutions allow the RSP systems to deal with one or more semantic data streams arriving at different speeds, without loosing their response quality while ensuring their availability, even beyond their physical limitations. The conducted experiments, supported by the obtained results show that the extension of existing systems with the new solutions improves their performance. They illustrate the considerable decrease in their engine’s response time, increasing their processing rate threshold while optimizing the use of their system resources
De, Carvalho Godoy Castanho Gabriel. "Isolement, communauté et société : sémantique de la solitude en contexte monastique latin (v.1080 - v.1150)". Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0123.
Texto completoWhat is the role of isolation in medieval social organization? Our thesis aims at answering this wide and complex question with a study of historical semantics centered on what we called "vocabulary of the solitude": the words often used with the term "solitudo" in medieval texts. During our research we were able to identify continuities and discontinuities in the way how the Latin monastic world conceived the isolation. Towards a better understanding of the social aspect of the solitude we chose to study one of the key moments of the reorganization of the social order in the Middle Ages, namely, the turning and first half of the 12th century (c. 1080-c. 1150). In the big variety of forms of isolation existing during" this period, it was imperative to study the case of the Carthusian monks, the major specialists in monastic institutional solitude at the time. The Carthusian monks were early recognized by their contemporaries and by the ecclesiastical hierarchy as a perfect example of solitary life, what encouraged us to analyze the specific way that they conceived the solitude. Through a detailed analysis of the vocabulary and the semantic field of the solitudo, we have demonstrated that the isolation participates on the normative speech of the Church. A speech which establishes an ecclesiological thought based on a hierarchical organization of the material and the ideal forms of separation from the world. In short, we point out that to live the solitude is to think about the society, once to speak of the isolation often makes the medieval authors to think about the appropriate manners to live together on Earth and not about the total abandonment of the world
Sene, Abib. "Sémiotique de l'espace et sémantique du discours littéraire dans les oeuvres de Ngugi wa Thiong'o, George Lamming et William Boyd". Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR2030/document.
Texto completoAfrican, Caribbean, and English societies, in spite of the fact that they share common features, remain different in their profile on the grounds of the particularities of the physical spaces that witness their expressions and the specific goals they target within historical, cultural, political and economic data that form out their social stratification. In this way, it becomes important, as a main idea of this work, to put on surface the intrinsic link between space and discourse. A semiotic analysis of literary space in Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s, George Lamming’s and William Boyd’s works has led to a concluding argument which highlights social and political realities. Read through a semiotic stand, the nomenclature of these events and realities root their meaning in communicating scenarios which portray pragmatic aspects. Levels of language and nature of messages help to observe some logic of positions and transformations that imply continuity and discontinuity dimensions. What affects to the literary message an anthropological account narrated into a framework of interactions that articulate a totalizing significance
Richard, Jérémy. "De la capture de trajectoires de visiteurs vers l’analyse interactive de comportement après enrichissement sémantique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROS012.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on the behavioral study of tourist activity using a generic and interactive analysis approach. The developed analytical process concerns the tourist trajectory in the city and museums as the study field. Experiments were conducted to collect movement data in the tourist city using GPS signals, thus enabling the acquisition of a movement trajectory. However, the study primarily focuses on reconstructing a visitor’s trajectory in museums using indoor positioning equipment, i.e., in a constrained environment. Then, a generic multi-aspect semantic enrichment model is developed to supplement an individual’s trajectory using multiple context data such as the names of neighborhoods the individual passed through in the city, museum rooms, weather outside, and indoor mobile application data. The enriched trajectories, called semantic trajectories, are then analyzed using formal concept analysis and the GALACTIC platform, which enables the analysis of complex and heterogeneous data structures as a hierarchy of subgroups of individuals sharing common behaviors. Finally, attention is paid to the "ReducedContextCompletion" algorithm that allows for interactive navigation in a lattice of concepts, allowing the data analyst to focus on the aspects of the data they wish to explore
Belghaouti, Fethi. "Interopérabilité des systèmes distribués produisant des flux de données sémantiques au profit de l'aide à la prise de décision". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLL003.
Texto completoInternet is an infinite source of data coming from sources such as social networks or sensors (home automation, smart city, autonomous vehicle, etc.). These heterogeneous and increasingly large data can be managed through semantic web technologies, which propose to homogenize, link these data and reason above them, and data flow management systems, which mainly address the problems related to volume, volatility and continuous querying. The alliance of these two disciplines has seen the growth of semantic data stream management systems also called RSP (RDF Stream Processing Systems). The objective of this thesis is to allow these systems, via new approaches and "low cost" algorithms, to remain operational, even more efficient, even for large input data volumes and/or with limited system resources.To reach this goal, our thesis is mainly focused on the issue of "Processing semantic data streamsin a context of computer systems with limited resources". It directly contributes to answer the following research questions : (i) How to represent semantic data stream ? And (ii) How to deal with input semantic data when their rates and/or volumes exceed the capabilities of the target system ?As first contribution, we propose an analysis of the data in the semantic data streams in order to consider a succession of star graphs instead of just a success of andependent triples, thus preserving the links between the triples. By using this approach, we significantly impoved the quality of responses of some well known sampling algoithms for load-shedding. The analysis of the continuous query allows the optimisation of this solution by selection the irrelevant data to be load-shedded first. In the second contribution, we propose an algorithm for detecting frequent RDF graph patterns in semantic data streams.We called it FreGraPaD for Frequent RDF Graph Patterns Detection. It is a one pass algorithm, memory oriented and "low-cost". It uses two main data structures : A bit-vector to build and identify the RDF graph pattern, providing thus memory space optimization ; and a hash-table for storing the patterns.The third contribution of our thesis consists of a deterministic load-shedding solution for RSP systems, called POL (Pattern Oriented Load-shedding for RDF Stream Processing systems). It uses very low-cost boolean operators, that we apply on the built binary patterns of the data and the continuous query inorder to determine which data is not relevant to be ejected upstream of the system. It guarantees a recall of 100%, reduces the system load and improves response time. Finally, in the fourth contribution, we propose Patorc (Pattern Oriented Compression for RSP systems). Patorc is an online compression toolfor RDF streams. It is based on the frequent patterns present in RDF data streams that factorizes. It is a data lossless compression solution whith very possible querying without any need to decompression.This thesis provides solutions that allow the extension of existing RSP systems and makes them able to scale in a bigdata context. Thus, these solutions allow the RSP systems to deal with one or more semantic data streams arriving at different speeds, without loosing their response quality while ensuring their availability, even beyond their physical limitations. The conducted experiments, supported by the obtained results show that the extension of existing systems with the new solutions improves their performance. They illustrate the considerable decrease in their engine’s response time, increasing their processing rate threshold while optimizing the use of their system resources
Masmoudi, Ikram. "De L'enfant de sable maudit, à La statue de chair sanctifiée de la nuit sacrée : approche syntaxique, sémantique et pragmatique de deux œuvres de Tahar ben Jelloun". Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39057.
Texto completoThe first part deals with the concerns of polyphony in the narrative voices, a polyphony to which is related a multiplicity of narrators in the child of sand. This narrative technique stands in scharp contrast with the classical mode of narration in the sacred night. The study of the subject predicate relationship will help us establish the uniqueness of the main character dispite the different masks and diverse designations wich they take on in both novels. The statement as such enable us to analyse the extent to wich the main character is presented as a future theme in the discursive universe of the two novels. Similarly, the use of the communicative dynamism allows us to unearth from the discourse the informatory elements wich give impetus to the text and help us have access to the father'stratagem. The swift from feminine to masculine genders in the designation of character creates a thematic discontinuity and a trouble in the reference. But when the signe he ceases to take turns with she, the masculine gender becomes void of watever reference only to point to the vacuity in the child of sand. It becomes the linguistic signifier of the metaphor of the sand. The second part traces zahra's quest for feminine nature with regard to the danger of castration in its different forms. This castration is contagious since the narrators run the risk of losing their creative powers. In this respect, the return of the last story-teller to his ancient vocation, a koran-reader, seems to be the symbol of a cultural regression
Chauche, Catherine. "Grammaire géopoétique du paysage contemporain". Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040236.
Texto completoThe landscape is the place where the relation of man to nature unfolds in its spatial temporal dimension. Hence, the groundwork of a geopoetical grammar of contemporary landscape can be seen as consisting in pinpointing the various ways of being - or existential - defined by Heidegger on the time-chart- or chronogenesis - drawn by the linguist Gustave Guillaume (part 1). On the phenomenological basis of this potential landscape, the commentary of literary texts (in part 2) permits the reader to assess man's capability to face the various forms of potentiality for authentic being; the emphasis is laid on fragmentation as the main feature of contemporary landscapes devastated by the anarchic development of one-sided techniques. In part 3, a close reading of significant poems locates the grammatical elements of being there (da-sein) in a particular historical landscape, and confirms the hypothesis that the manifold meaning of being may be reduced to a basic oneness
Adda, Mehdi. "Intégration des connaissances ontologiques dans la fouille de motifs séquentiels avec application à la personnalisation web". Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842475.
Texto completoYahaya, Alassan Mahaman Sanoussi. "Amélioration du système de recueils d'information de l'entreprise Semantic Group Company grâce à la constitution de ressources sémantiques". Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100086/document.
Texto completoTaking into account the semantic aspect of the textual data during the classification task has become a real challenge in the last ten years. This difficulty is in addition to the fact that most of the data available on social networks are short texts, which in particular results in making methods based on the "bag of words" representation inefficient. The approach proposed in this research project is different from the approaches proposed in previous work on the enrichment of short messages for three reasons. First, we do not use external knowledge like Wikipedia because typically short messages that are processed by the company come from specific domains. Secondly, the data to be processed are not used for the creation of resources because of the operation of the tool. Thirdly, to our knowledge there is no work on the one hand, which uses structured data such as the company's data to constitute semantic resources, and on the other hand, which measure the impact of enrichment on a system Interactive grouping of text flows. In this thesis, we propose the creation of resources enabling to enrich the short messages in order to improve the performance of the tool of the semantic grouping of the company Succeed Together. The tool implements supervised and unsupervised classification methods. To build these resources, we use sequential data mining techniques
Tengour, Hossein. "La figure du forçat dans le roman français de 1835 a 1925 [de Vautrin a Chéri-Bibi]". Thesis, Paris 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA030167.
Texto completoIs there such thing as a literary myth about the convict ? Can we say that literature dealing with convicts is a genre or even a sub-genre? These are the two issues we will adress in our thesis. First we give a historical, social and physiological definition of the convict ; the notion of “bassin sémantique” as established by Gilbert Durand, helps us analyse different myths and mythemes, such as the devil, Napoleon or even the superman and this leads us to the conclusion that the convict as a literary myth does exist. Secondly, we use the Bagne de Toulon by Ponson du Terrail as a pattern to discuss the recurrent themes and motives pervading the novels where such a figure appears : penal colony, escape, paternity, pursuit or even revenge. At last ,we consider the way this character is represented in foreign literature and the different forms it has taken since the classical period until to-day, whether it be galley slave, convict or prisoner. We also show that it is also present in other genres such as the theatre or the cinema and that it features prominently in marginal literature : detective novel, science-fiction, western, adventure story, comic strip. Besides, we examine how the accounts of Albert Londres and Henry Charrière contributed to a rebirth of the convict novel for which , as is illustrated by the rewriting of famous works such as les Misérables or The Count of Monte Cristo there are good times ahead
Longhi, Vivien. "Κρίσις (Krisi) dans l’épopée, la Collection hippocratique et chez Platon : Vertus génératrices de la séparation et de la décision". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040178.
Texto completoMy research is devoted to the Greek notion of κρίσις whereas classical studies usually favour the modern notion of crisis. It focuses on the Epic, the Hippocratic Corpus and Plato’s dialogues. The existing research on κρίσις has led to extremely varied results. My work offerts to reunite these differences in order to define a more general notion of κρίσις, thanks to a comprehensive lexical analysis. The κρίσις seems to be an act which puts an end to a conflict, thus enabling a breach between two opposite states. Time suddenly speeds, and the long torment resolves. Thanks to selection and decision making, danger gives way to a new life force: κρίσις enables γένεσις. These characteristics can already be found in the Epic where κρίσις refers to various decisions suddenly bringing generation and salvation. The medical notion of crisis is also a sudden recovery even though it can partially be predicted by prognosis, which brings health and balance back. The platonic κρίσις, which is akin to judging or discerning something, allows various changes (from darkness to light, from impurity to purity, from sickness to health) and ultimately enables the soul to regenerate. Fertility of the thought is restored; the soul can be reincarnated in a better shape or life reassembled with carefully selected elements (Philebus). As a turning point for a possible rebirth, as the climax of philosophical endeavours, the liberating power of the κρίσις has also often been dramatized in dialogues
Belluc, Sylvain. "Signe, nature, signature : parcours étymologiques dans l’œuvre de James Joyce – Dubliners, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man et Ulysses". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030105.
Texto completoOne of the hallmarks of Joyce’s prose is the acute consciousness it reflects of the history of words. This tendency is the product of the emergence of comparative linguistics and historical semantics in the 19th century, both of which had revolutionized the concept of etymology and seemed to make the history of words relevant to their use. Yet that approach soon became irremediably outdated and its numerous contradictions had been subjected to severe criticism by the time Joyce wrote his books. Accordingly, his works, far from giving a faithful and stable image of the etymological discourse prevalent in the century of his birth, reflect its biases and contradictions. Although the writing strategy of Dubliners relies on a constant exploitation of the data unveiled by linguists, it opposes any transcendental philosophy and makes much of the subjective and random nature of the activation of words’ etymological potentialities by the reader. Stephen’s attempts at finding a superior meaning in the direct and then indirect motivation of names in A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man evolves, in the next novel, into a bitter rejection of the “imposture of sounds”. Ulysses, however, also brings into relief the inconsistencies of the linguistic theories of its own time: in highlighting the role played by folk etymology in the use of language, it constitutes an implicit criticism of Saussure’s positivist claims and calls into question any pseudo-rational and supra-individual conception of history
Faure, Germain. "Structures et modèles de calculs de réécriture". Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00164576.
Texto completoéquationnelle a priori arbitraire. L'agrégation est utilisée pour collecter les différents résultats possibles.
Dans cette thèse, nous étudions différentes combinaisons des ingrédients fondamentaux du rho-calcul: le filtrage, l'agrégation et les mécanismes d'ordre supérieur.
Nous étudions le filtrage d'ordre supérieur dans le lambda-calcul pur modulo une restriction de la beta-conversion appelée super-développements. Cette nouvelle approche est suffisamment expressive pour traiter les problèmes de filtrage du second-ordre et ceux avec des motifs d'ordre supérieur à la Miller.
Nous examinons ensuite les modèles catégoriques du
lambda-calcul parallèle qui peut être vu comme un enrichissement du lambda-calcul avec l'agrégation de termes. Nous montrons que ceci est une étape significative vers la sémantique dénotationnelle du calcul de réécriture.
Nous proposons également une étude et une comparaison des calculs avec motifs éventuellement dynamiques, c'est-à-dire qui peuvent être instanciés et réduits. Nous montrons que cette étude, et plus particulièrement la preuve de confluence, est suffisamment générale pour
s'appliquer à l'ensemble des calculs connus. Nous étudions ensuite l'implémentation de tels calculs en proposant un calcul de réécriture avec filtrage et substitutions explicites.
Maillot, Pierre. "Nouvelles méthodes pour l'évaluation, l'évolution et l'interrogation des bases du Web des données". Thesis, Angers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ANGE0007/document.
Texto completoThe web of data is a mean to share and broadcast data user-readable data as well as machine-readable data. This is possible thanks to rdf which propose the formatting of data into short sentences (subject, relation, object) called triples. Bases from the web of data, called rdf bases, are sets of triples. In a rdf base, the ontology – structural data – organize the description of factual data. Since the web of datacreation in 2001, the number and sizes of rdf bases have been constantly rising. This increase has accelerated since the apparition of linked data, which promote the sharing and interlinking of publicly available bases by user communities. The exploitation – interrogation and edition – by theses communities is made without adequateSolution to evaluate the quality of new data, check the current state of the bases or query together a set of bases. This thesis proposes three methods to help the expansion at factual and ontological level and the querying of bases from the web ofData. We propose a method designed to help an expert to check factual data in conflict with the ontology. Finally we propose a method for distributed querying limiting the sending of queries to bases that may contain answers
Tong, Zheng. "Evidential deep neural network in the framework of Dempster-Shafer theory". Thesis, Compiègne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022COMP2661.
Texto completoDeep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved remarkable success on many realworld applications (e.g., pattern recognition and semantic segmentation) but still face the problem of managing uncertainty. Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) provides a wellfounded and elegant framework to represent and reason with uncertain information. In this thesis, we have proposed a new framework using DST and DNNs to solve the problems of uncertainty. In the proposed framework, we first hybridize DST and DNNs by plugging a DSTbased neural-network layer followed by a utility layer at the output of a convolutional neural network for set-valued classification. We also extend the idea to semantic segmentation by combining fully convolutional networks and DST. The proposed approach enhances the performance of DNN models by assigning ambiguous patterns with high uncertainty, as well as outliers, to multi-class sets. The learning strategy using soft labels further improves the performance of the DNNs by converting imprecise and unreliable label data into belief functions. We have also proposed a modular fusion strategy using this proposed framework, in which a fusion module aggregates the belief-function outputs of evidential DNNs by Dempster’s rule. We use this strategy to combine DNNs trained from heterogeneous datasets with different sets of classes while keeping at least as good performance as those of the individual networks on their respective datasets. Further, we apply the strategy to combine several shallow networks and achieve a similar performance of an advanced DNN for a complicated task
Hajji, Jamel. "Conflits et amours mythiques représentés sur des mosaïques de l’Afrique proconsulaire du Bas-Empire : fin du IIIe siècle – début du Ve siècle". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20043.
Texto completoThe object of this thesis is the review of the conflicts and mythological love endeavors depicted in the Africa Proconsularis mosaics in the Late Antiquity period. In the meantime, one of the main aims is the study of the subject of the mosaics, the manners of the figurative assimilation, the evolution of the concept, and also the relation between the mosaic makers and a culture considered as a foreign one.For each mosaic are highlighted the respective contributions of the iconography and literature. The structural and conjectural components of each image, meaning the setting of the actions, the characters, the models and the iconographic formulas, and the methods of the production are examined more narrowly; questioning the insistence of imprints, interchange- ability between subjects. We are putting into question theories which has become over time as a dogma, such as the total dependence of the mosaic of Africa Proconsularis to the artistic trends of the time and the inability to separate from the hegemony of the arts alias the major; and we will try to demonstrate that the African mosaic makers were not mere imitators, but truly innovators.Moreover, other approaches are needed to put the mosaics within their architectural and decorative context. These approaches will allow addressing issues related to semantic relations, aiming to find out the modality of the insertion in the rest of the Empire, but also to investigate the validity of certain theories, such as the existence of a codification as a regulator linking the scenes presented and the architectural contexts.Finally, the replacement of the mosaic, in the artistic production encompassing all the other disciplines, taking into consideration all the geographical, historical, social particularities, and the cultural aspects of Roman Africa during the Late Antiquity, which give evidence that it is difficult or impossible to measure the exact relationship between administrative function, financial status and cultural level of the elite sponsors. Instead of, continuing to discuss about the existence of only an elitist culture that adheres to all the aristocracy of the Empire, it would need to exceed some a priori and talk about diversity and differences rather than only similarities
Uwatowenimana, Jeanne d'Arc. "Extraction de motifs dans la rédaction collaborative sur les Wikis". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7231.
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