Tesis sobre el tema "Semantic lexicons"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Semantic lexicons".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Zervakis, Georgios. "Enriching large language models with semantic lexicons and analogies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0039.
Texto completoRecent advances in deep learning and neural networks have made it possible to address complex natural language processing tasks, which find application in a plethora of real-world problems ranging from smart assistants in mobile devices to the prediction of cancer. Nonetheless, modern systems based on these frameworks exhibit various limitations that may compromise their performance and trustworthiness, render them unfair towards minorities, or subject them to privacy leakage. It is our belief that integrating symbolic knowledge and reasoning into the deep learning framework is a necessary step towards addressing the aforementioned limitations. For example, lexical resources can enrich deep neural networks with semantic or syntactic knowledge, and logical rules can provide learning and reasoning mechanisms. Therefore, the scope of this thesis is to develop and evaluate ways of integrating different types of symbolic knowledge and reasoning into a widely used language model, Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT). ln a first stage, we consider retrofitting, a simple and popular technique for refining distributional word embeddings based on relations coming from a semantic lexicon. Inspired by this technique, we present two methods for incorporating this knowledge into BERT contextualized embeddings. We evaluate these methods on three biomedical datasets for relation extraction and one movie review dataset for sentiment analysis, and show that they do not substantially impact the performance for these tasks. Furthermore, we conduct a qualitative analysis to provide further insights on this negative result. ln a second stage, we integrate analogical reasoning with BERT as a means to improve its performance on the target sense verification task, and make it more robust. To do so, we reformulate target sense verification as an analogy detection task. We present a hybrid model that combines BERT to encode the input data into quadruples and a convolutional neural classifier to decide whether they constitute valid analogies. We test our system on a benchmark dataset, and show that it can outperform existing approaches. Our empirical study shows the importance of the input encoding for BERT, and how this dependence gets alleviated by integrating the axiomatic properties of analogies during training, while preserving performance and improving robustness
Zemtsova, Valeriia. "The structure of the lexico-semantic field "Sport" in modern English". Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2019. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14353.
Texto completoThompson, Cynthia Ann. "Semantic lexicon acquisition for learning natural language interfaces /". Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Texto completoMonteiro, Necy de Arruda. "Lexico-semantic deviances in English". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/24363.
Texto completoMatikainen, Tiina Johanna. "Semantic Representation of L2 Lexicon in Japanese University Students". Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/133319.
Texto completoEd.D.
In a series of studies using semantic relatedness judgment response times, Jiang (2000, 2002, 2004a) has claimed that L2 lexical entries fossilize with their equivalent L1 content or something very close to it. In another study using a more productive test of lexical knowledge (Jiang 2004b), however, the evidence for this conclusion was less clear. The present study is a partial replication of Jiang (2004b) with Japanese learners of English. The aims of the study are to investigate the influence of the first language (L1) on second language (L2) lexical knowledge, to investigate whether lexical knowledge displays frequency-related, emergent properties, and to investigate the influence of the L1 on the acquisition of L2 word pairs that have a common L1 equivalent. Data from a sentence completion task was completed by 244 participants, who were shown sentence contexts in which they chose between L2 word pairs sharing a common equivalent in the students' first language, Japanese. The data were analyzed using the statistical analyses available in the programming environment R to quantify the participants' ability to discriminate between synonymous and non-synonymous use of these L2 word pairs. The results showed a strong bias against synonymy for all word pairs; the participants tended to make a distinction between the two synonymous items by assigning each word a distinct meaning. With the non-synonymous items, lemma frequency was closely related to the participants' success in choosing the correct word in the word pair. In addition, lemma frequency and the degree of similarity between the words in the word pair were closely related to the participants' overall knowledge of the non-synonymous meanings of the vocabulary items. The results suggest that the participants had a stronger preference for non-synonymous options than for the synonymous option. This suggests that the learners might have adopted a one-word, one-meaning learning strategy (Willis, 1998). The reasonably strong relationship between several of the usage-based statistics and the item measures from R suggest that with exposure learners are better able to use words in ways that are similar to native speakers of English, to differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate contexts and to recognize the boundary separating semantic overlap and semantic uniqueness. Lexical similarity appears to play a secondary role, in combination with frequency, in learners' ability to differentiate between appropriate and inappropriate contexts when using L2 word pairs that have a single translation in the L1.
Temple University--Theses
Levesque, Guy-Luc. "Lexico-Semantic Influence in Interlingual Transfer". PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4771.
Texto completoPlas, Marie Louise Elizabeth van der. "Automatic lexico-semantic acquisition for question answering". [S.l. : [Groningen : s.n.] ; University Library Groningen] [Host], 2008. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/.
Texto completoXia, Violet. "Conceptual organisation of the Chinese-English bilingual mental lexicon: investigations of cross-language priming". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11623.
Texto completoSimmons, Nathan G. "Semantic Role Agency in Perceptions of the Lexical Items Sick and Evil". Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2658.pdf.
Texto completoBertoldi, Anderson. "Semântica de frames e recursos lexicais jurídicos: um estudo contrastivo". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2011. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4718.
Texto completoMade available in DSpace on 2015-08-13T14:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndersonBertoldiLinguistica.pdf: 1093382 bytes, checksum: 67276822830f904d7688524dbfd24b12 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-01-05
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A presente tese teve como objetivo avaliar os desafios a serem enfrentados no desenvolvimento de recursos lexicais multilíngües segundo o paradigma FrameNet. Abordouse aqui a Semântica de Frames com uma teoria da lingüística cognitiva e a forma como a FrameNet trata o conceito de frame semântico em sua base de dados. Para tratar dos desafios no uso de frames semânticos para a descrição de informação jurídica em diferentes línguas, optou-se por investigar o frame Criminal_process. Em um primeiro momento, identificaram-se, com o auxílio de um dicionário jurídico bilíngüe, os equivalentes em português das unidades lexicais do inglês relacionadas ao processo penal. Em um segundo momento, essas unidades lexicais foram contrastadas para verificar se o conhecimento jurídico evocado pela unidade lexical em inglês era o mesmo conhecimento jurídico evocado pelo seu equivalente em português. A abordagem contrastiva permitiu a criação de frames jurídicos descrevendo o processo penal brasileiro. Constatou-se que os frames semânticos apresentam diferentes níveis de equivalência. Este trabalho procurou explicar as divergências de frames semânticos por meio da diferenciação entre frames inatos e frames aprendidos. Uma vez que constatada a falta de equivalência perfeita de frames entre as línguas, é necessário se repensar o uso dos frames semânticos como interlíngua em recursos lexicais multilíngües, especialmente se esses recursos representarem conhecimento jurídico. Este trabalho apontou como uma possível solução para a falta de equivalência entre frames o uso de um recurso ainda pouco abordado pela FrameNet: os tipos semânticos. Os tipos semânticos poderiam ser utilizados em uma base de dados jurídica multilíngüe para marcar o papel social exercido por cada participante dos eventos jurídicos.
This Ph.D. dissertation discusses the challenges to be faced in developing multilingual lexical resources according to the FrameNet paradigm. This work was based on Frame Semantics. The starting point was the Criminal_process frame. First, the equivalents in Portuguese for the lexical units were identified using a bilingual legal dictionary. Second, the lexical units were contrasted in order to verify the legal knowledge evoked by lexical units in English was the same legal knowledge evoked by their equivalents in Portuguese. Based on the contrastive study, legal frames representing the Brazilian legal system were created. This work could verify that semantic frames present different levels of equivalence. The differences in frame equivalence were analyzed according to the difference between innate and learned frames. Considering that the semantic frames do not present a perfect equivalence among languages, it is necessary to rethink the use of semantic frames as interlingual index to connect multilingual resources, especially legal lexical resources. This dissertation considers the possibility of using semantic types as a possible solution in a future.
El-Issa, Anwar Suleiman Awad. "The role of theme as an index of genre : analysis of tourist guides taken from two culturally different situations". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366705.
Texto completoAbeyruwan, Saminda Wishwajith. "PrOntoLearn: Unsupervised Lexico-Semantic Ontology Generation using Probabilistic Methods". Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/28.
Texto completoJensen, Susan Carrie. "Word-families and the mental lexicon, testing for a morpho-semantic lexical network". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0022/NQ38477.pdf.
Texto completoal-Mansoor, Mansoor. "Semantic mapping of the bilingual lexicon : form-to-meaning mapping through computerized testing". Virtual Press, 2004. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1302163.
Texto completoDepartment of English
Kordoni, Evagelia. "Psych verb construction in modern Greek : a semantic analysis in the hierarchical lexicon". Thesis, University of Essex, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394123.
Texto completoChandler, Nathan James. "Acquiring and grounding a lexicon with art : towards robotic systems that understand language". Thesis, Nottingham Trent University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343552.
Texto completoXavier, Vanessa Regina Duarte. "Conexões léxico-culturais sobre as minas goianas setecentistas no Livro para servir no registro do caminho novo de Parati". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-29082012-100504/.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to ratify that lexical study of manuscripts belonging to the codex titled Livro para servir no registro do caminho novo de Parati Thomé Ignácio da Costa Mascarenhas (1724-1762) reveals much about the socio-cultural formation of the newly created Capitania de Goiás, during the cycle of the gold. To this end, did realized the semi-diplomatic edition of ninety-two documents written from 1751 to 1753 in Vila Boa de Goiás, since that approach different aspects of administration, economy, politics, religion, culture, and of the regional legal and military structure. Gave up rigorous application of criteria for editing, in order to ensure its reliability and, consequently, of all the research. Were inventoried the nouns, adjectives and verbs for the preparation of an Index of Frequency and Occurrences of Lexical Items, in the light of that produced by Ferreira et al. (2005), in order to get the vocabulary used in the corpus and mapping the main subjects approached, by correlating them with the frequency of use of the lexias. Proceeded, then, to structuring and analysis of lexical fields more representative of the themes of the corpus, based on historical and social aspects Capitania de Goiás, given that the lexicon is the level of language that connects more to the extralinguistic universe ( BIDERMAN, 1981; SAPIR, 1961). The composition of lexical fields was based on the principles of structural semantics, specifically in theoretical that Coseriu (1977), Geckeler (1976) and Vilela (1979), taking into account the semantic relationships between lexical items and arquilexemas of the fields, more specifically, the synonymy, the antonymy, the meronymy and the hyponymy, identifying the cases of homonymy and polysemy. The results of this study indicate that the study of lexical fields on semantic associations among its members cant escape of the consideration of the universe of discourse, and the sociocultural context in which they are based, given that the meanings result from cognitive processing of physical, biological and social experiences.
Frey, Camille 1991. "Comparing monolingual and bilingual language acquisition : phonemes and lexicon". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668759.
Texto completoEn esta tesis doctoral comparamos la adquisición del lenguaje en monolingües y bilingües investigando dos temas centrales de la adquisición bilingüe temprana: el establecimiento del sistema fonético y el establecimiento del sistema léxico-semántico. El primer tema se ha abordado evaluando la posible influencia de información léxica (forma) sobre el aprendizaje fonético, la investigación ha estudiado tanto bebés y adultos monolingües y bilingües. Para el estudio del desarrollo del sistema léxico-semántico bilingüe se ha evaluado la aparición de conexiones semánticas inhibitorias en niños monolingües y bilingües. Los resultados sugieren un impacto del bilingüismo en el uso de información léxica (forma) en adultos, pero no en bebés. El estudio con bebés ha mostrado un impacto del bilingüismo en las capacidades discriminatorias. Los resultados del último estudio no permiten extraer conclusiones sobre la aparición de conexiones semánticas inhibitorias en el léxico bilingüe.
Assunção, Daniane da Silva. "Traços linguísticos e culturais de Goiás no século XVIII: vertentes lexicais no diário de viagem do barão de Mossâmedes". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7549.
Texto completoApproved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-07-10T13:45:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniane da Silva Assunção - 2016.pdf: 6581967 bytes, checksum: eb5e3c3b3ae47236372aab7a66cd7acc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T13:45:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Daniane da Silva Assunção - 2016.pdf: 6581967 bytes, checksum: eb5e3c3b3ae47236372aab7a66cd7acc (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-31
This study investigated and analyzed the lexical fields from the book Travel Diary of Baron Mossâmedes: 1771-1773, in relation to geographic, military, the descriptions of places, parties, religiosity and all of cultural aspects present in corpus, consisting of 63 folios. The book, edited and commented by Antonio César Caldas Pinheiro and Gustavo Neiva Coelho (2006), reports the two trips for the fourth governor of Mines of Goyazes, José de Almeida de Vasconcellos Soveral and Carvalho: the first trip departing from Rio de Janeiro to Vila Boa, then capital of Goyaz State and the second through the interior thereof. The inventory and analysis of lexias were performed according to the theory of lexical fields, developed by Eugenio Coseriu (1977) and Horst Geckeler (1971). Through this diary, you can know the history about culture in Goiás and analyze the most important lexical fields and characteristic of the people, the culture and the political and administrative organization of the Captaincy of Goyaz in that time. There was a study of the historical context about this period that can better describe the relationship between lexicon, culture and society. They were prepared the lexicographical records of lexias inventoried consulting the Bluteau dictionaries (1712-1728) and Silva (1813). Finally, it built up a glossary in order to get a better understanding of the history described in the Journal.
Este estudo investigou e analisou os campos lexicais a partir do livro Diário de Viagem do Barão de Mossâmedes: 1771-1773, em relação aos aspectos geográficos, militares, às descrições dos lugares, das festas, da religiosidade e de todos os aspectos culturais presentes no corpus, que é constituído por 63 fólios. O livro, editado e comentado por Antônio César Caldas Pinheiro e Gustavo Neiva Coelho (2006), relata as duas viagens realizadas pelo quarto governador das Minas dos Goyazes, José de Almeida de Vasconcellos Soveral e Carvalho: a primeira viagem partindo do Rio de Janeiro até Vila Boa, então capital da capitania de Goyaz; e a segunda pelo interior da mesma. A inventariação e a análise das lexias foram realizadas segundo a teoria dos campos lexicais, desenvolvida por Eugenio Coseriu (1977) e Horst Geckeler (1971). Através desse Diário, é possível conhecer a história da cultura goiana e analisar os campos lexicais mais importantes e característicos das pessoas, da cultura e da organização político-administrativa da Capitania de Goyaz na época referida. Fez-se um estudo do contexto histórico desse período para melhor descrever a relação entre léxico, cultura e sociedade. Foram elaboradas as fichas lexicográficas das lexias inventariadas consultando os dicionários Bluteau (1712-1728) e Silva (1813). Por fim, construiu-se um glossário com o intuito de se ter uma melhor compreensão da história descrita no Diário.
David, Arlette. "Syntactic and lexico-semantic aspects of the legal register in Ramesside royal decrees /". Wiesbaden : Harrassowitz, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41080870n.
Texto completoZeller, Britta Dorothee [Verfasser] y Sebastian [Akademischer Betreuer] Padó. "Induction, Semantic Validation and Evaluation of a Derivational Morphology Lexicon for German / Britta Dorothee Zeller ; Betreuer: Sebastian Padó". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180611284/34.
Texto completoVolkovyskaya, Evgenia. "Lexico-semantic processing in adult monolingual Russian and bilingual Russian (L1) - English (L2) Speakers". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/22968/.
Texto completoRodríguez, Penagos Carlos. "Metalinguistic information extraction from specialized texts to enrich computational lexicons". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7580.
Texto completoPor otro lado, se presenta la implementación de un sistema automático de extracción de información metalingüística en textos de especialidad. El sistema MOP (Metalinguistic Operation Processor) extrae enunciados metalingüísticos y definiciones de documentos especializados, utilizando tanto autómatas de estados finitos como algoritmos de aprendizaje automático. El sistema crear bases semi-estructuradas de información terminológica llamadas Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), de utilidad para la lexicografía especializada, el procesamiento del lenguaje natural y el estudio empírico de la evolución del conocimiento científico, entre otras aplicaciones.
This work presents an empirical study of the use and function of metalanguage in expert scientific knowledge and special-domain languages, with special focus on how each field's terminology is established, modified and negotiated within the group of experts. Through discourse statements called Explicit metalinguistic Operations the dynamic nature of conceptual structures and the sublanguages that embody them are formalized and analyzed.
On the other hand, it presents a system implementation for the automatic extraction of metalinguistic information from specialized texts. The Metalinguistic Operation Processor (MOP) system extracts metalinguistic statements and definitions from special-domain documents, using finite-state machinery and machine-learning algorithms. The system creates semi-structured databases called Metalinguistic Information Databases (MID), useful for specialized lexicography, Natural Language Processing, and the empirical study of scientific knowledge, among other applications.
Souza, Daniela Zaniolo de [UNESP]. "Mudanças lexicais no direito de família brasileiro: necessidade jurídica e evolução lingüística". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93944.
Texto completoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em estudar as mudanças havidas nas unidades lexicais relativas ao direito de família, retiradas da parte correspondente ao assunto nas leis brasileiras das mais diversas épocas, a partir das contribuições da Lexicologia. A justificativa do trabalho deve-se ao fato da estreita relação existente entre linguagem e Direito, pois a ciência jurídica se manifesta através da linguagem e depende dela para se realizar. Para a pesquisa, analisou-se um corpus formado por palavras extraídas do Direito de Família, que mantêm relação direta com o conceito restrito de família, que engloba a trindade pai, mãe e filho e partir daí foi feito um recuo no tempo, retomando a legislação civil e penal que trata do assunto, desde as Ordenações Filipinas até os as codificações brasileiras atuais. Com isso, procurou-se observar que as alterações ocorridas tanto nos significantes, como nos significados das unidades estudadas, tais como a criação ou adaptação de palavras ocorrem com o intuito de expressar os fatos jurídicos. Assim, como pretende-se demonstrar, as mudanças nos hábitos sociais influenciam as mudanças nas leis e, conseqüentemente, provocam alterações na linguagem, que são observadas mais diretamente no léxico, fazendo uma palavra surgir ou deixar de ser usada ou ainda, adaptar-se à nova situação jurídica, confirmando a intrínseca relação entre Direito, língua e sociedade.
The aim of this dissertation consists in studying the changes towards Family Law lexical units taken out of different periods of Brazilian Laws, based on their lexicology contributions. The reason behind this written essay is the narrow relation between Language and Law, since the Juridical Science manifests itself in language and depends on it to fulfil its functions. For the research, a corpus formed by words of Family Law was analyzed; words that have a straight relation with the concept of family which embodies the trinity father, mother and son or daughter, and from this principle a retrospection in criminal and civil legislation was placed since the Philippine regulations until the current Brazilian Codifications. Hereby, it was observed the changes in the studied units signifier and signified, as well as the creation or the adaptation of words that express law facts. Therefore, as it is intended to be shown, the changes in social habits influenced the law changes, and consequently caused modifications in language that are directly observed in lexicon, causing a word to appear or not to be used anymore, providing evidences of the narrow relation among Law, Language and Society.
Lima, Bruna Seixas. "Afasia e linguagem figurada: o acesso lexical dentro de contextos metafóricos". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-15062011-090428/.
Texto completoThis research proposes the analysis of language phenomena taken from interviews made with six aphasic subjects presenting different degrees of lexical access deficits. The focus of this paper is the observation of the ability of these subjects to produce and comprehend names of animals used in a metaphorical context. We developed an interview in order to determine whether the subjects presented problems to access the chosen names of animals. In the first part of the interview, the subjects were asked to name and describe the animal pictures presented and, aftermost, they had to produce and comprehend those names in the context provided by the interviewer. Two distinct perspectives are presented in this paper: first, we have theories based on biological correlates of language, and in second, the linguistic theory by Roman Jakobson about the processing of language and its division in two main axis: metaphor and metonymy (modes of relation based on similarity and contiguity, respectively). Some subjects present distress to produce word forms in their literal meaning, whereas the same does not occur when those words are used in their nonliteral meaning. This suggests that these subjects present a better preservation of the semantic-lexical system than expected, and the only affected element can be the type of input or output of the lexical form. We can see in the interviews presented here that the comprehension of the mentioned metaphors was a more laborious task for the subjects, which reinforces our hypothesis, once during the comprehension part of the interview, the subjects were not provided with the context given previously, in the production task.
Mullen, Kristen. "A Cross-Generational Analysis of Spanish-to-English Lexico-Semantic Phenomena in Emerging Miami English". FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1801.
Texto completoNădejde, Maria. "Syntactic and semantic features for statistical and neural machine translation". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31346.
Texto completoBergamini, Claudia. "Aspectos semântico-lexicais da lingua Portuguesa falada por universitários de Maputo - Moçambique". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-30082011-152606/.
Texto completoThis dissertation aims to describe the lexicon of Portuguese spoken by university students in Maputo, Mozambique. Under a synchronic bias, the method of data collection combines theoretical principles of Geolinguistics and variational Sociolinguistics, whose product is a Lexical-Semantic Questionnaire - QSL, onomasiological model, divided by semantic fields. The theoretical basis of Geolinguistics are provided by Brandão (1991), and of Sociolinguistics are based on Tarallo (2004). The cultural and historic apparatus of Maputo is delimited by considerations of Firmin (2006), Gill (1995), and Mondlane (1995). The target audience for the survey consists of persons who are completing or have completed higher education, identified as a university students, with at least 10 years of school life, divided equally in men and women, in three age groups (18 to 29 years, 30 to 44 years, 45 years or older). From this research can be identified peculiarities inherent to the formation of the lexicon of students in Maputo, thus contributing to the study and description of the Portuguese spoken in Mozambique.
Cousot, Kévin. "Inférences et explications dans les réseaux lexico-sémantiques". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS108.
Texto completoThanks to the democratization of new communication technologies, there is a growing quantity of textual resources, making Automatic Natural Language Processing (NLP) a discipline of crucial importance both scientifically and industrially. Easily available, these data offer unprecedented opportunities and, from opinion analysis to information research and semantic text analysis, there are many applications.However, this textual data cannot be easily exploited in its raw state and, in order to carry out such tasks, it seems essential to have resources describing semantic knowledge, particularly in the form of lexico-semantic networks such as that of the JeuxDeMots project. However, the constitution and maintenance of such resources remain difficult operations, due to their large size but also because of problems of polysemy and semantic identification. Moreover, their use can be tricky because a significant part of the necessary information is not directly accessible in the resource but must be inferred from the data of the lexico-semantic network.Our work seeks to demonstrate that lexico-semantic networks are, by their connexionic nature, much more than a collection of raw facts and that more complex structures such as interpretation paths contain more information and allow multiple inference operations to be performed. In particular, we will show how to use a knowledge base to provide explanations to high-level facts. These explanations allow at least to validate and memorize new information.In doing so, we can assess the coverage and relevance of the database data and consolidate it. Similarly, the search for paths is useful for classification and disambiguation problems, as they are justifications for the calculated results.In the context of the recognition of named entities, they also make it possible to type entities and disambiguate them (is the occurrence of the term Paris a reference to the city, and which one, or to a starlet?) by highlighting the density of connections between ambiguous entities, their context and their possible type.Finally, we propose to turn the large size of the JeuxDeMots network to our advantage to enrich the database with new facts from a large number of comparable examples and by an abduction process on the types of semantic relationships that can connect two given terms. Each inference is accompanied by explanations that can be validated or invalidated, thus providing a learning process
Kamanga, Mayinde Mystic. "A descriptive analysis of Chibrazi the urban contact vernacular language of Malawi : a focus on the lexicon and semantic manipulation". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/53413.
Texto completoThesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Afrikaans
DPhil
Unrestricted
Lima, Hildomar José de. "Categorias lexicais na língua brasileira de sinais: nomes e verbos". Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2012. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/4423.
Texto completoApproved for entry into archive by Erika Demachki (erikademachki@gmail.com) on 2015-04-16T18:45:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 4 Dissertação - Hildomar José de Lima - 2012 - parte 01.pdf: 17636865 bytes, checksum: 63ae351f343d1e51b8ca2adf1fa77206 (MD5) Dissertação - Hildomar José de Lima - 2012 - parte 02.pdf: 17664525 bytes, checksum: a18f77e197cf968856a3b6b1fc38c05e (MD5) Dissertação - Hildomar José de Lima - 2012 - parte 03.pdf: 6233184 bytes, checksum: 29e83f0ddcf2254bc34460774359d078 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-16T18:45:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 4 Dissertação - Hildomar José de Lima - 2012 - parte 01.pdf: 17636865 bytes, checksum: 63ae351f343d1e51b8ca2adf1fa77206 (MD5) Dissertação - Hildomar José de Lima - 2012 - parte 02.pdf: 17664525 bytes, checksum: a18f77e197cf968856a3b6b1fc38c05e (MD5) Dissertação - Hildomar José de Lima - 2012 - parte 03.pdf: 6233184 bytes, checksum: 29e83f0ddcf2254bc34460774359d078 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-09
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The objective of this paper is to analyze some ‘morphic’ and semantic-syntactic properties that allow us to define Noun and Verb in Brazilian Sign Language (BSL). It is based on a contemporary approach of linguistic analysis named functional-cognitive (Croft e Cruse, 2004; Fauconnier e Turnner, 1998, 2008; Givón, 2001; Langacker, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2008 e Taylor, 2002). In this perspective, a linguistic analysis asserts that the code should be regarded as dynamic and likely to suffer changes that come from the speaking community and the universe, never as an immutable entity. In this way, this research bases itself on the fact that in BSL, the processes of cognitive nature and discursive-pragmatic nature motivate the distribution of such linguistic code in terms of categories. The data analysis is done in two distinct moments. First, we showed analysis observations concerning those signs in BSL that are related to Nouns and Verbs in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), that is, we worked with nominal notions and verbal notions based on the prototypical semantic characteristics proposed by Givón (2001). At this stage, it was possible to link the prototypical semantic characteristics that are correlated to Verbs and Nouns in BP. Afterwards, we analyzed the grammatical criteria that are typical of the language being studied based on bigger constructions. In such analyses, we verified that a first criterion to identifying a contrast between verbal and nominal notions, in BSL, was semantic feature dynamicity, which separates dynamic events/activities from entities/states more stable in time.
Este trabalho objetiva analisar algumas propriedades ‘mórficas’ e sintático-semânticas que nos permitam definir as categorias lexicais Nome e Verbo na Língua de Sinais Brasileira (LSB). Fundamenta-se em uma abordagem contemporânea de análise linguística denominada Cognitivo-funcional (Croft e Cruse, 2004; Fauconnier e Turnner, 1998, 2008; Givón, 2001; Langacker, 1987, 1990, 1991, 2008 e Taylor, 2002). Nessa perspectiva, uma análise linguística implica que se considere o código como dinâmico e passível de mudanças advindas da relação entre comunidade falante e o universo, jamais como uma entidade imutável. Dessa forma, esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que na LSB os processos de natureza cognitiva e de natureza pragmático-discursiva motivam a distribuição do código linguístico em estudo em termos de categorias. Este trabalho envolveu pesquisa de campo, com dados coletados especialmente para esta investigação, através de narrativas de surdos adultos usuários de LSB. A análise dos dados se dá em dois momentos distintos. Primeiramente, explicitamos observações de análise sobre aqueles sinais em LSB que se correlacionam com Nome e os que se correlacionam com Verbo no Português do Brasil (PB), ou seja, trabalhamos com noções nominais e noções verbais com base nas características semânticas prototípicas propostas por Givón (2001). Nesta etapa foi possível traçar as características semânticas prototípicas daqueles sinais que se correlacionam com Verbos e Nomes no PB. Em seguida, analisamos critérios gramaticais internos à língua em estudo a partir de construções maiores. Nesta análise verificou-se que um primeiro critério para a identificação de um contraste entre noções verbais e nominais, na LSB, foi o traço semântico de dinamicidade, que separa eventos/ações, dinâmicos, de entidades/estados, mais estáveis no tempo.
Souza, Daniela Zaniolo de. "Mudanças lexicais no direito de família brasileiro : necessidade jurídica e evolução lingüística /". Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93944.
Texto completoBanca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino
Banca: Luiz Fabiano Correa
Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em estudar as mudanças havidas nas unidades lexicais relativas ao direito de família, retiradas da parte correspondente ao assunto nas leis brasileiras das mais diversas épocas, a partir das contribuições da Lexicologia. A justificativa do trabalho deve-se ao fato da estreita relação existente entre linguagem e Direito, pois a ciência jurídica se manifesta através da linguagem e depende dela para se realizar. Para a pesquisa, analisou-se um corpus formado por palavras extraídas do Direito de Família, que mantêm relação direta com o conceito restrito de família, que engloba a trindade pai, mãe e filho e partir daí foi feito um recuo no tempo, retomando a legislação civil e penal que trata do assunto, desde as Ordenações Filipinas até os as codificações brasileiras atuais. Com isso, procurou-se observar que as alterações ocorridas tanto nos significantes, como nos significados das unidades estudadas, tais como a criação ou adaptação de palavras ocorrem com o intuito de expressar os fatos jurídicos. Assim, como pretende-se demonstrar, as mudanças nos hábitos sociais influenciam as mudanças nas leis e, conseqüentemente, provocam alterações na linguagem, que são observadas mais diretamente no léxico, fazendo uma palavra surgir ou deixar de ser usada ou ainda, adaptar-se à nova situação jurídica, confirmando a intrínseca relação entre Direito, língua e sociedade.
Abstract: The aim of this dissertation consists in studying the changes towards Family Law lexical units taken out of different periods of Brazilian Laws, based on their lexicology contributions. The reason behind this written essay is the narrow relation between Language and Law, since the Juridical Science manifests itself in language and depends on it to fulfil its functions. For the research, a corpus formed by words of Family Law was analyzed; words that have a straight relation with the concept of family which embodies the trinity father, mother and son or daughter, and from this principle a retrospection in criminal and civil legislation was placed since the Philippine regulations until the current Brazilian Codifications. Hereby, it was observed the changes in the studied units signifier and signified, as well as the creation or the adaptation of words that express law facts. Therefore, as it is intended to be shown, the changes in social habits influenced the law changes, and consequently caused modifications in language that are directly observed in lexicon, causing a word to appear or not to be used anymore, providing evidences of the narrow relation among Law, Language and Society.
Mestre
Romeo, Lauren Michele. "The Structure of the lexicon in the task of the automatic acquisition of lexical information". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/325420.
Texto completoLa información de clase semántica de los nombres es fundamental para una amplia variedad de tareas del procesamiento del lenguaje natural (PLN), como la traducción automática, la discriminación de referentes en tareas como la detección y el seguimiento de eventos, la búsqueda de respuestas, el reconocimiento y la clasificación de nombres de entidades, la construcción y ampliación automática de ontologías, la inferencia textual, etc. Una aproximación para resolver la construcción y el mantenimiento de los léxicos de gran cobertura que alimentan los sistemas de PNL, una tarea muy costosa y lenta, es la adquisición automática de información léxica, que consiste en la inducción de una clase semántica relacionada con una palabra en concreto a partir de datos de su distribución obtenidos de un corpus. Precisamente, por esta razón, se espera que la investigación actual sobre los métodos para la producción automática de léxicos de alta calidad, con gran cantidad de información y con anotación de clase como el trabajo que aquí presentamos, tenga un gran impacto en el rendimiento de la mayoría de las aplicaciones de PNL. En esta tesis, tratamos la adquisición automática de información léxica como un problema de clasificación. Con este propósito, adoptamos métodos de aprendizaje automático para generar un modelo que represente los datos de distribución vectorial que, basados en ejemplos conocidos, permitan hacer predicciones de otras palabras desconocidas. Las principales preguntas de investigación que planteamos en esta tesis son: (i) si los datos de corpus proporcionan suficiente información para construir representaciones de palabras de forma eficiente y que resulten en decisiones de clasificación precisas y sólidas, y (ii) si la adquisición automática puede gestionar, también, los nombres polisémicos. Para hacer frente a estos problemas, realizamos una serie de validaciones empíricas sobre nombres en inglés. Nuestros resultados confirman que la información obtenida a partir de la distribución de los datos de corpus es suficiente para adquirir automáticamente clases semánticas, como lo demuestra un valor-F global promedio de 0,80 aproximadamente utilizando varios modelos de recuento de contextos y en datos de corpus de distintos tamaños. No obstante, tanto el estado de la cuestión como los experimentos que realizamos destacaron una serie de retos para este tipo de modelos, que son reducir la escasez de datos del vector y dar cuenta de la polisemia nominal en las representaciones distribucionales de las palabras. En este contexto, los modelos de word embedding (WE) mantienen la “semántica” subyacente en las ocurrencias de un nombre en los datos de corpus asignándole un vector. Con esta elección, hemos sido capaces de superar el problema de la escasez de datos, como lo demuestra un valor-F general promedio de 0,91 para las clases semánticas de nombres de sentido único, a través de una combinación de la reducción de la dimensionalidad y de números reales. Además, las representaciones de WE obtuvieron un rendimiento superior en la gestión de las ocurrencias asimétricas de cada sentido de los nombres de tipo complejo polisémicos regulares en datos de corpus. Como resultado, hemos podido clasificar directamente esos nombres en su propia clase semántica con un valor-F global promedio de 0,85. La principal aportación de esta tesis consiste en una validación empírica de diferentes representaciones de distribución utilizadas para la clasificación semántica de nombres junto con una posterior expansión del trabajo anterior, lo que se traduce en recursos léxicos y conjuntos de datos innovadores que están disponibles de forma gratuita para su descarga y uso.
Lexical semantic class information for nouns is critical for a broad variety of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks including, but not limited to, machine translation, discrimination of referents in tasks such as event detection and tracking, question answering, named entity recognition and classification, automatic construction and extension of ontologies, textual inference, etc. One approach to solve the costly and time-consuming manual construction and maintenance of large-coverage lexica to feed NLP systems is the Automatic Acquisition of Lexical Information, which involves the induction of a semantic class related to a particular word from distributional data gathered within a corpus. This is precisely why current research on methods for the automatic production of high- quality information-rich class-annotated lexica, such as the work presented here, is expected to have a high impact on the performance of most NLP applications. In this thesis, we address the automatic acquisition of lexical information as a classification problem. For this reason, we adopt machine learning methods to generate a model representing vectorial distributional data which, grounded on known examples, allows for the predictions of other unknown words. The main research questions we investigate in this thesis are: (i) whether corpus data provides sufficient distributional information to build efficient word representations that result in accurate and robust classification decisions and (ii) whether automatic acquisition can handle also polysemous nouns. To tackle these problems, we conducted a number of empirical validations on English nouns. Our results confirmed that the distributional information obtained from corpus data is indeed sufficient to automatically acquire lexical semantic classes, demonstrated by an average overall F1-Score of almost 0.80 using diverse count-context models and on different sized corpus data. Nonetheless, both the State of the Art and the experiments we conducted highlighted a number of challenges of this type of model such as reducing vector sparsity and accounting for nominal polysemy in distributional word representations. In this context, Word Embeddings (WE) models maintain the “semantics” underlying the occurrences of a noun in corpus data by mapping it to a feature vector. With this choice, we were able to overcome the sparse data problem, demonstrated by an average overall F1-Score of 0.91 for single-sense lexical semantic noun classes, through a combination of reduced dimensionality and “real” numbers. In addition, the WE representations obtained a higher performance in handling the asymmetrical occurrences of each sense of regular polysemous complex-type nouns in corpus data. As a result, we were able to directly classify such nouns into their own lexical-semantic class with an average overall F1-Score of 0.85. The main contribution of this dissertation consists of an empirical validation of different distributional representations used for nominal lexical semantic classification along with a subsequent expansion of previous work, which results in novel lexical resources and data sets that have been made freely available for download and use.
Bertoldi, Anderson. "A semântica dos adjetivos: como e por que incluí-la em uma ontologia de domínio jurídico". Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2555.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A meta principal desta pesquisa é realizar um estudo da semântica dos adjetivos objetivando a sua representação em uma ontologia jurídica. O fato motivador desse interesse foi o estudo de ontologias e léxicos computacionais jurídicos e a constatação de que os adjetivos não recebem um tratamento sistemático nessas ferramentas computacionais de conhecimento especializado. A partir dessa constatação, partiu-se para o estudo de ontologias e léxicos computacionais de linguagem não-especializada, buscando elementos práticos e teóricos para a inclusão sistemática, e não ocasional, de adjetivos em uma ontologia jurídica. Esta pesquisa defende que a eficiência no tratamento computacional da linguagem requer uma combinação de teorias. Assim, a metodologia adotada combina diferentes abordagens teóricas. Através do estudo do corpus e construção da ontologia jurídica, percebe-se a importância dos adjetivos para a organização do conhecimento especializado. Nos domínios de conhecimento especializados, os adjetivos têm a fu
The main goal of this research is to study the semantics of the adjectives in order to codify them into a legal ontology. Through a search for legal ontologies and lexicons one verifies that adjectives are not codified systematically into specialized lexicons and ontologies. Taking the codification of adjectives into a legal ontology as the target of this work, one analyzes non-specialized language ontologies and lexicons. The purpose of such analysis is to find practical and theoretical elements for including adjectives systematically into a legal ontology. This research defends the position that integrating linguistic approaches is more fruitful to natural language processing. Therefore, the methodology applied here combines different theoretical approaches. The corpus analysis and legal ontology construction shows the importance of adjectives in organizing the specialized knowledge. In the specialized domains, adjectives have the main function of classifying entities
Bangerter, Renee. "Since Joseph Smith's Time: Lexical Semantic Shifts in the Book of Mormon". BYU ScholarsArchive, 1998. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4500.
Texto completoVelykodna, A., Олена В`ячеславівна Назаренко, Елена Вячеславовна Назаренко y Olena Viacheslavivna Nazarenko. "Semantic Features of Chrematonyms in the Series of Novels “A Game of Thrones” by George R.R. Martin". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76937.
Texto completoHalezhenko, V., Олена В`ячеславівна Назаренко, Елена Вячеславовна Назаренко y Olena Viacheslavivna Nazarenko. "Pecularities of slangy lexico-semantic units in young adult literature (based on the novels of E. Lockhart)". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/76939.
Texto completoVenetz, Jacqueline. "Lexico-Semantic Areality in the Greater Hindu Kush : An Areal-Typological Study on Numerals and Kinship Terms". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-170385.
Texto completoLanguage contact and relatedness in the Hindukush region (421-2014-631)
Al-Smael, Fahad I. "A think-aloud protocols investigation of lexico-semantic problems and problem-solving strategies among trainee English-Arabic translators". Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1530/.
Texto completoJuffs, Alan. "Learnability and the lexicon in second language acquisition : Chinese learners' acquisition of English argument structure". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41626.
Texto completoŽukaitė, Kristina. "The relation between lexico-semantic groups and modes of action (on the material of phrasal verbs with the postverb up)". Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110802_161956-39923.
Texto completoFrazinių veiksmažodžių tyrimo objektas – sudėtingas kalbinis reiškinys, keliantis daug teorinių klausimų (kalbinę padėtį, žodžių vedybos aspektą, leksinę reikšmę, aspektualumą ir kt.). Anglų kalbos postverbas UP yra pasirinktas mokslo tiriamajame darbe siekiant ištirti ryšį tarp leksinių-semantinių grupių ir veiksmo būdų. Manome, kad mūsų mokslo tiriamasis darbas bei surinkti duomenys gali būti naudojami anglų kalbos leksikologijoje, žodžių daryboje bei semantikoje.
Joan, Casademont Anna. "Sintaxi i semàntica verbals en el discurs d'especialitat: elements per a l'activació del valor terminològic". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7506.
Texto completoA partir de les anàlisis, identifiquem les construccions verbals mínimes que són unitats de coneixement especialitzat (UCE) i observem si els verbs que fan de nucli sintàctic d'aquests sintagmes sofreixen canvis semàntics en els contextos especialitzats. Alhora, reinterpretem la proposta de factors d'activació d'Adelstein (2007) per als verbs, i confirmem empíricament diversos supòsits de la TCT sobre la polisèmia.
La tesi consta de tres parts: els fonaments de la recerca, l'anàlisi sintacticosemàntica del corpus, i els resultats i conclusions.
La tesis, en el marco de la Teoría Comunicativa de la Terminología (TCT), se propone observar los elementos de activación del valor terminológico en los verbos fraseológicos del discurso especializado. Se describe, a distintos niveles, la sintaxis y la semántica de los verbos fraseológicos de uso común y frecuentes en textos de economía y de genómica, y se detectan diferencias y similitudes en su comportamiento en ambos discursos de especialidad para establecer tendencias.
A partir de los análisis, identificamos las construcciones verbales mínimas que son unidades de conocimiento especializado (UCE) y observamos si los verbos que funcionan como núcleo sintáctico de estos sintagmas sufren cambios semánticos en los contextos especializados. Asimismo, reinterpretamos la propuesta de factores de activación de Adelstein (2007) para los verbos, y confirmamos empíricamente distintos supuestos de la TCT sobre la polisemia.
La tesis consta de tres partes: los fundamentos de la investigación, el análisis sintacticosemántico del corpus, i los resultados y conclusiones.
This thesis, within the frame of the Communicative Theory of Terminology (CTT), aims at observing the terminological-value activating elements of phraseological verbs in specialized discourse. Syntax and Semantics of common use and frequent phraseological verbs in Economy and Genomic texts are described at different levels, and differences and similarities in their behavior in both domain discourses are detected to establish tendencies.
From the analysis, we identify the minimal verbal constructions working as specialized knowledge units (SKU) and we observe if the verbs being the syntactic core of these groups suffer semantic changes in specialized contexts. Moreover, we reinterpret for verbs the activation factors proposal by Adelstein (2007, and we empirically confirm different assumptions of CTT on polysemy.
The thesis has three parts: the basis of the research, the syntax-semantic analysis of the corpus, and the results and conclusions
Souza, Vivian Regina Orsi Galdino de. "Metáforas do universo lexical português e italiano das zonas erógenas : ânus, nádegas, pênis, seios, testículos e vulva /". São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100098.
Texto completoBanca: Claudia Maria Xatara
Banca: Maria Gloria Cusumano Mazzi
Banca: Marilei Amadeu Sabino
Banca: Paola Giustina Baccin
Resumo: A língua em uso numa sociedade é produto de uma cultura e reflete o pensamento de um povo. Desse modo, as unidades léxicas, por meio dos significados atribuídos por um grupo social, determinam um olhar específico do universo e um sistema de valores. Com esse embasamento, nosso trabalho centra sua atenção num tipo de item lexical específico: as unidades lexicais que nominam os órgãos referentes às zonas erógenas, dos quais destacamos o pênis, a vulva, as nádegas, o ânus, os testículos e os seios, em língua italiana e em língua portuguesa, variante brasileira, partindo da análise do corpus coletado. Intencionamos demonstrar que para a denominação dos órgãos sexuais do corpo humano tende-se a evitar a terminologia anatômica oficial - relegada a contextos de grande formalidade - e adotar outros itens lexicais em situações informais, que possam denominar as referidas partes do corpo com conotação sexual. Muitas das lexias recolhidas não são aceitas em todos os contextos, mas entre pessoas afeiçoadas, encontra-se um emprego mais intenso e que assinala intimidade. Por essa razão usam-se inúmeros sinônimos que servem para suavizar uma determinada unidade lexical, na tentativa de mascarar preconceitos sociais historicamente construídos. Principiamos nossa pesquisa examinando os referidos itens lexicais sob a luz da teoria da metáfora conceitual - pois muitos dos itens empregados têm base metafórica e, na maioria das vezes, eufemística. O produto de nossa pesquisa é a amostragem de um dicionário onomasiológico especial bilíngue, abrangendo o mencionado tipo de unidade lexical estudado. Apresentamos, ainda, dentro dos verbetes quais são os semas (unidades mínimas de significação) presentes nas principais metáforas relativas aos mencionados órgãos. O acréscimo destes se mostra uma inovação em meio ao argumento erótico-obsceno, praticamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The language in use in a society is product of a culture and reflects the way a community thinks. Therefore, the lexical units, through the meanings assigned by a social group, establish a specific look of the universe and a system of values. With this basement, our work centers its attention in a specific lexical type: the lexical units that nominates the organs from the erotic zone, that are the penis, the vulva, the buttocks, the anus, the testicles and the breast, in Italian and Portuguese language, Brazilian variety, by analysing our corpus. We intend to demonstrate that for the denomination of the sexual organs of the human body it usual to avoid the official anatomical terminology - relegated to the contexts of great formality - and to adopt other lexical items during informal situations. Many of the collected items are not accepted in all the contexts, but between known people, they may designate familiarity. Thus, innumerable synonymous are used to alleviate one lexical unit, trying to mask social prejudices historically constructed. We begin our research examinating the cited lexical items under the light of the theory of the conceptual metaphor - because many of the employed items have a metaphorical and also euphemistics basis. The product of our research is a special onomasiological bilingual dictionary, enclosing part of the mentioned studied of the lexical type. We introduce also in the entries of it semes (minimal meaning unit) present in the main metaphors related to these organs. The addition of these semes reveals an innovation in the study of the erotical-obscene argument, practically unexplored by the linguists. We intend, with this research, to be able to collaborate to demystify some prejudices related to the erotical-obscene lexicon, its use and its creation and to stimulate reflections of it, whose examination of the metaphors... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Kossmann, Bianca. "Rich and poor in the history of English: corpus-based analyses of lexico-semantic variation and change in Old and Middle English". [S.l. : s.n.], 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-46897.
Texto completoSouza, Vivian Regina Orsi Galdino de [UNESP]. "Metáforas do universo lexical português e italiano das zonas erógenas: ânus, nádegas, pênis, seios, testículos e vulva". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100098.
Texto completoCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A língua em uso numa sociedade é produto de uma cultura e reflete o pensamento de um povo. Desse modo, as unidades léxicas, por meio dos significados atribuídos por um grupo social, determinam um olhar específico do universo e um sistema de valores. Com esse embasamento, nosso trabalho centra sua atenção num tipo de item lexical específico: as unidades lexicais que nominam os órgãos referentes às zonas erógenas, dos quais destacamos o pênis, a vulva, as nádegas, o ânus, os testículos e os seios, em língua italiana e em língua portuguesa, variante brasileira, partindo da análise do corpus coletado. Intencionamos demonstrar que para a denominação dos órgãos sexuais do corpo humano tende-se a evitar a terminologia anatômica oficial – relegada a contextos de grande formalidade – e adotar outros itens lexicais em situações informais, que possam denominar as referidas partes do corpo com conotação sexual. Muitas das lexias recolhidas não são aceitas em todos os contextos, mas entre pessoas afeiçoadas, encontra-se um emprego mais intenso e que assinala intimidade. Por essa razão usam-se inúmeros sinônimos que servem para suavizar uma determinada unidade lexical, na tentativa de mascarar preconceitos sociais historicamente construídos. Principiamos nossa pesquisa examinando os referidos itens lexicais sob a luz da teoria da metáfora conceitual – pois muitos dos itens empregados têm base metafórica e, na maioria das vezes, eufemística. O produto de nossa pesquisa é a amostragem de um dicionário onomasiológico especial bilíngue, abrangendo o mencionado tipo de unidade lexical estudado. Apresentamos, ainda, dentro dos verbetes quais são os semas (unidades mínimas de significação) presentes nas principais metáforas relativas aos mencionados órgãos. O acréscimo destes se mostra uma inovação em meio ao argumento erótico-obsceno, praticamente...
The language in use in a society is product of a culture and reflects the way a community thinks. Therefore, the lexical units, through the meanings assigned by a social group, establish a specific look of the universe and a system of values. With this basement, our work centers its attention in a specific lexical type: the lexical units that nominates the organs from the erotic zone, that are the penis, the vulva, the buttocks, the anus, the testicles and the breast, in Italian and Portuguese language, Brazilian variety, by analysing our corpus. We intend to demonstrate that for the denomination of the sexual organs of the human body it usual to avoid the official anatomical terminology – relegated to the contexts of great formality – and to adopt other lexical items during informal situations. Many of the collected items are not accepted in all the contexts, but between known people, they may designate familiarity. Thus, innumerable synonymous are used to alleviate one lexical unit, trying to mask social prejudices historically constructed. We begin our research examinating the cited lexical items under the light of the theory of the conceptual metaphor – because many of the employed items have a metaphorical and also euphemistics basis. The product of our research is a special onomasiological bilingual dictionary, enclosing part of the mentioned studied of the lexical type. We introduce also in the entries of it semes (minimal meaning unit) present in the main metaphors related to these organs. The addition of these semes reveals an innovation in the study of the erotical-obscene argument, practically unexplored by the linguists. We intend, with this research, to be able to collaborate to demystify some prejudices related to the erotical-obscene lexicon, its use and its creation and to stimulate reflections of it, whose examination of the metaphors... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Smith, Zachary D. "Analisis comparativo del español de Colombia, Cuba y Mexico". University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1525430997999644.
Texto completoLaffling, John D. "Machine disambiguation and translation of polysemous nouns : a lexicon-driven model for text-semantic analysis and parallel text-dependent transfer in German-English translation of party political texts". Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254466.
Texto completoSirri, Louah. "L'organisation du système lexico-sémantique dans le cerveau monolingue et bilingue en développement". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05H103/document.
Texto completoThe present doctoral research explored the developing lexical-semantic system in monolingual and bilingual toddlers. The question of how and when word meanings are first related to each other and become integrated into an interconnected semantic system was investigated. Three studies were conducted with monolingual French learning children which aimed at exploring how words are organized, that is, according to taxonomic relationships (e.g., pig - horse) and to semantic similarity distances between words (e.g., cow - sheep versus cow - deer), and whether cognitive mechanisms, such as automatic activation and controlled processes, underlie priming effects. An additional two studies conducted with children learning two languages simultaneously, aimed at determining, first, whether taxonomically related word meanings, in each of the two languages, are processed in a similar manner. The second goal was to explore whether words presented in one language activate words in another language, and vice versa. In an attempt to answer these questions, lexical-semantic processing was explored by two techniques: eye-tracking and event-related potentials (ERPs) techniques. Both techniques provide high temporal resolution measures of word processing but differ in terms of responses. Eye-movement measurements (Study III) reflect looking preferences in response to spoken words and their time-course, whereas ERPs reflect implicit brain responses and their activity patterns (Study I, II, IV, and V). Study I and II revealed that words are taxonomically organized at 18 and 24-month-olds. Both automatic and controlled processes were shown to be involved in word processing during language development (Study II). Study III revealed that at 24-month-olds, categorical and feature overlap between items underpin the developing lexical-semantic system. That is, lexical-items in each semantic category are organized according to graded similarity distances. Productive vocabulary skills influenced word recognition and were related to underlying cognitive mechanisms. Study IV revealed no differences in terms of semantic processing in the bilinguals¿ two languages, but the ERP distribution across the scalp varied according to the language being processed. Study V showed that words presented in one language activate their semantic representations in the second language and the other way around. The distribution of the ERPs depended, however, on the direction of translation. The results suggest that even early dual language experience yields distinct neural resources underlying lexical-semantic processing in the dominant and non-dominant languages during language acquisition
Brundin, Gudrun. "Kulturelle Lexika und metaphorische Profile : zu einer semantisch-kognitiven Theorie der Protosem- und Konzemstrukturen lexikalisierter Konzepte der Arbeitswelt". Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Moderna språk, 1999. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-60868.
Texto completoAlves-Soares, Leonardo. "Investigating the Portuguese-English Bilingual Mental Lexicon: Crosslinguistic Orthographic and Phonological Overlap in Cognates and False Friends". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41153.
Texto completo