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Literatura académica sobre el tema "Sédiments des estuaires – Somme, Baie de (France)"
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Tesis sobre el tema "Sédiments des estuaires – Somme, Baie de (France)"
Bastide, Julia. "Morphodynamique et enjeux d'aménagement des franges littorales d'un estuaire macrotidal tempéré : la Baie de Somme, Picardie, France". Littoral, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DUNK0594.
Texto completoThe Somme estuary is the archetype of a strongly managed, temperate macrotidal estuary confronted with various and often conflicting management and ecological stakes. The estuary, located on the coast of Picardy, in the eastern English Channel, is subject to a very large spring tidal range (> 8 m at the mouth), shows a high degree of infill, and is a strong attractor of sand derived from a sediment transport pathway along the French coast in the eastern English Channel. The morphodynamic characterization of the estuary has been conducted from a variety of methods including the critical analysis of ancien maps, aerial photographs and several field measurements involving very-high-resolution topographic surveys based on both profiles and digital terrain models, and hydrodynamic monitoring. Grain-size analyses aimed at determining transport vectors, and gravel transport tracer monitoring involving both resin and painted gravels, was also conducted. The flanks of the estuary are characterized by convergent sedimenty cells that contribute to the active estuarine sandy infill. Infill is also assured directly by large occasional sand banks driven onshore from the coastal sediment transport pathway by storms at the secular timescale. Estuarine infill has also been strongly favoured by flood-dominated tidal current asymmetry, and accelerated by important empoldering. The south flank of the estuary is bounded by a gravel barrier spit sourced by cliffs that have now been largely stabilized. This barrier is now strongly managed and is used as a dyke against marine flooding of a reclaimed back-barrier plain. To counter the chronic erosion affecting the proximal zone of this barrier following cliff stabilization, the barrier is frequently nourished artificially, and comprises numerous groynes. The flanks of the Somme estuary pose numerous management stakes in the decades to come. The thesis concludes with a series of coastal management proposals based on an integrated morphodynamic approach that notably includes sediment cells
Michel, Charlotte. "Morphodynamique et transferts sédimentaires au sein d'une baie mégatidale en comblement (Baie de Somme, Manche Est). Stratégie multi-échelles spatio-temporelles". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES045.
Texto completoThe Baie de Somme is an infilling estuarine environment, controlled by intensive marine hydrodynamics forcing (megatidal tide and waves) and a small river flow. Morpho-sedimentary dynamics of this bay and sedimentary fluxes were studied at two spatial and temporal scales. I) At the scale of intertidal hydraulic dunes, studied during semi-diurnal and semi-lunar tidal cycles with neap tides (NT) and spring tides (ST). In this context, a strong forcing variability (winds, tide, waves) control sedimentary fluxes and morphodynamics evolutions of dunes (λ : 5-23 m ; H : 20-60 cm). These fluxes generally increase with tide and waves, inducing a net sediment transport to the east or west, according to the predominance of current (flood/ebb), which depends on the characteristics of wind and waves. Low tide morphology of dunes depends on hydrodynamic conditions and sediment transport : asymmetry eastwards under a threshold water depth of 2,64 to 2,73 m. ; asymmetry westwards above this threshold, during quiet or agitated tide (Hs max < 1,5 m) ; sub-symmetry and flattening dunes during very agitated ST ( Hs max ≥ 1,83 m) ; asymmetry eastwards during a storming ST. Migration of dunes crests is more intense during ST than during NT and is not always in accordance with net sediment transport directions. It is due to significant variations in dunes morphology and polarity. During a semi-lunar tide cycle with waves, net sediment transport and dunes migrations are in direction of internal area of the bay (eastward). II) At the scale of the bay, studied to seasonal, annual and multiannual time steps, infilling dynamics is significant. Superficial sedimentary cover of the bay, observed in 2013, show a filtering gradient of sediment « offshore-coast » and « central axis-shoreline », with internal borders characterized by an increase in muds and carbonates rates between 1980 and 2013. At recent historical scale (1947-2011), orthophotos show a strong progress of coastal barriers (sand dunes at north and pebbles at south) and salt meadow (up to 23,7 m/year). Tidal flat is characterized by large variations in the distribution of sandy bars and dune fields, as well as by strong divagations of tidal channels. Between 2011 and 2013, sedimentary budgets show erosion of south external zones, close to the front delta ebb (low altitude), and deposition in areas located in front of the pointe du Hourdel (mean altitude). At contrary, internal zones of the bay (high altitude) are quite stable, because at the end of infilling or already filled. Very dynamic north external parts still have a low sediment budget to suggest that this sector is in dynamic equilibrium, perhaps as a result of sandy transfers with the coastline. These two spatial and temporal approaches confirm the trend of infilling of the Baie de Somme, under the effect of marine sand transport in the internal areas, during short time steps at the fine scale of dune fields, as during long time steps at the global scale of the bay, and allow to propose appropriate monitoring strategies
Allard, Jonathan. "Enregistrements des changements environnementaux dans les sédiments littoraux : cas des pertuis charentais et du bassin d'Arcachon". La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS257.
Texto completoThe purpose of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the potential of coastal sediment in recording environmental changes. With this aim in view, three coastal environments have been chosen along the French Atlantic coast: the Arçay sandspit for past wave climate record; the Marennes-Oléron Bay and Arcachon Lagoon to decipher among the multiple forcing parameters controlling estuaries sediment-fill. The Arçay Spit is a compound spit displaying an elongation mean rate of 26 m. Yr-1. Morphological and wave modeling approaches since 1979, show that energetic swells seem to cause massive sand accumulation and spit elongation, whereas less energetic swells appear to be responsible for small sand accumulation and spit curvature. Such mechanism seems to be responsible of the successive hook ridges accretion observed along the Arçay Spit since the second half of the 20th century. The Marennes-Oléron Bay and Arcachon Lagoon have been successively analyzed and compared following a combination of VHR seismic, sediment cores and historical and present-day bathymetries. The sediment-fill of the Marennes-Oléron Bay is rapid since the 19° century and complex since 8000 yrs BP, due to multiple forcing parameters. The sediment-fill of the Arachon Lagoon displays a balanced budget since the 19th century and seems to be mainly controlled by the partial closure of this lagoon since 2500 yrs BP. Numerous differences observed in those two estuarine environments give insight on relative influence of local forcing parameters including bedrock morphology, tide, waves, sediment supply and human impact
Lerat, Yannick. "Cycles annuels de la matière organique et des éléments nutritfs dans les sédiments d'un écosystème côtier (baie de Morlaix, France) : interactions avec le compartiment pélagique". Brest, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BRES2004.
Texto completoFoucher, Delphine. "Géochimie du mercure dans des sédiments estuariens et côtiers : cas de la Seine (France) et de la baie de Kaštela (Croatie)". Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-333.pdf.
Texto completoJimenez, Joselyn. "Comportement des ETMs dans les sédiments de surface du Golfe du Morbihan et la Baie de Quiberon : distribution spatiale, spéciation, biodisponibilité et relation avec les sédiments des ports et rivières". Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS400/document.
Texto completoSurface sediments in the Gulf of Morbihan and the Bay of Quiberon were analyzed in order to characterize the trace metals elements, their behavior, the processes that control their spatial distribution, their speciation, reactivity and bioavailability. Potential sources of metals were looked for, based on the analysis of nearby harbors and river basin’s sediments. The analyses were done on the fraction below 63 µm of the sediments collected in April 2013. MTEs total concentration and speciation were obtained from total and selective attacks, respectively.The enrichment of Zn, Cu, Cd et Pb was identified in the surface sediments of the Gulf of Morbihan. Pb lability and bioavailability were shown in the sediments of the Bay of Quiberon. The MTEs behavior of the Morbihan’s coast is mostly controlled by the land-sea gradient. However, harbors and rivers form sources of ETMs, principally of Cu and Zn
Billeaud, Isabelle. "Dynamique de construction d'un prisme sédimentaire littoral en régime mégatidal (la Baie du Mont-Saint-Michel)". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2071.
Texto completoThe Bay of Mt-St-Michel is a megatidal environment, the Holocene sedimentary infill of which began some 8000 years ago. The present-day Bay consists in various sub-environments : an embayment in the West, an estuary in the East, and a sandy barrier subject to wave action in the NE. Thanks to VHR seismic data and cores, different architectures are highlighted : progradational to aggradational in the embayment, aggradational to chanelized in the estuary and along the NE shoreline. The infill model established with all the data is characterised as follows: a transgressive systems tract of low volume; a well-developed highstand systems tract ; a tidal ravinement surface of large extent, reaching locally the substrate; a wave ravinement surface locally present along the estuary margins; an accommodation for sequence preservation of tidal origin in the estuary, and of eustatic origin along the margins. At the basin scale, discrepancies in time-and-space of the preservation potential of sedimentary sequences observed into the infill are very important. As soon as the transgression rate slow down from 6500 yB. P. , the key-control of local factors (hydrodynamics, sediment supply, substrate morphology) is evidenced. Sequences preserved along the estuary margins record environmental changes interpreted as the result of climate crisis of 1500-year period. Although the origin of these climate cycles is uncertain (Bond cycles, long term tidal cycles, combination of both ?), their control on coastal system evolution should be considered as major
Voltz, Baptiste. "Dynamique de la matière organique au sein dans les estuaires picards : caractérisation des faciès biosédimentaires et quantification des processus de minéralisation benthique". Thesis, Littoral, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020DUNK0579.
Texto completoEstuaries ensure a high production and transfer a large amount of organic matter (OM) from continent to ocean. To understand OM exchanges at the continent-ocean interface along the eastern English Channel coast, it is primordial to establish a mass balance OM budget in the three main estuaries : the Canche, the Authie and the Somme estuaries. In this frame, the sedimentary OM distribution and origin were studied by coupling a sedimentological description of surficial sediments and an elemental and isotopic characterization of the sedimentary OM. Such approach was carried out from near from subtidal to supratidal stages, along transects transversal to the main river channel, resulting in a sampling of 36, 37 and 39 stations respectively from the Canche, the Authie and the Somme estuaries. Based on this mapping approach, a representative transect was selected in the Canche and the Authie estuaries in order to quantify the sedimentary OM benthic mineralization along the tidal gradient and finally to establish an OM mineralization budget at the estuarine scale. Based on the sedimentological and biological characterization of sediments, the estuarine landscape was described according to four biosedimentary facies : sand flats, mud flats, low and high marshes. This study evidenced that the distribution of OM at the estuary scale is mainly controlled by the distribution of these biosedimentary facies. Indeed, sand flats are subject to intense hydrodynamic conditions in which sedimentary OM deposition is limited. On the other hand, OM is preferentially deposited in fine-grained sediments such as mud flats and salt marshes. Both of these sedimentary environments are subjected to lower hydrodynamic conditions, especially salt marshes, where vegetation enhances deposition and limits the resuspension of sedimentary OM. Indeed, the high quantities of sedimentary OM measured in salt marshes mainly originate from C3 halophytes dominating high marsh areas. Nevertheless, our study also evidenced that the deposition of sedimentary OM along the tidal gradient depends on the contribution of particulate OM from fluvial and marine/estuarine phytoplankton communities. Moreover, this study has demonstrated that various evolutions of the geomorphological features, with a mature salt marsh present in the Cancheestuary, a seaward prograding salt marsh on the north shore of the Authie estuary, a salt marsh retreat on the north shore of the Somme estuary resulting from an advanced sand infilling. The OM benthic mineralization campaigns demonstrated that during immersion and emersion periods, mud flats and salt marshes are the main contributors to total OM mineralization along the tidal gradient in contrast to sand flats. The spatial variation mainly depended on the sedimentological characteristics of each of biosedimentary facies but also on biological factors such as benthic macrofauna, microphytobenthos and root system of halophytes. The OM mineralization budget at the estuarine scale showed a significant contribution of sand flats in the Authie estuary given their wide distribution. This thesis contributes to a better definition of the role of "Picard" estuaries in the OM cycling and allows a first step towards the quantification of a mass balance OM budget in the three main estuaries of the eastern English Channel coast