Literatura académica sobre el tema "Second generation biomass"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Second generation biomass"
Burhani, Dian, Eka Triwahyuni y Ruby Setiawan. "Second Generation Biobutanol: An Update". Reaktor 19, n.º 3 (16 de octubre de 2019): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.19.3.101-110.
Texto completoMahapatra, Manoj Kumar y Arvind Kumar. "A Short Review on Biobutanol, a Second Generation Biofuel Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass". Journal of Clean Energy Technologies 5, n.º 1 (2017): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/jocet.2017.5.1.338.
Texto completoRequejo, Ana, Susana Peleteiro, Alejandro Rodríguez, Gil Garrote y Juan Carlos Parajó. "Second-Generation Bioethanol from Residual Woody Biomass". Energy & Fuels 25, n.º 10 (20 de octubre de 2011): 4803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef201189q.
Texto completoYazan, Devrim Murat, Iris van Duren, Martijn Mes, Sascha Kersten, Joy Clancy y Henk Zijm. "Design of sustainable second-generation biomass supply chains". Biomass and Bioenergy 94 (noviembre de 2016): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.08.004.
Texto completoFagernäs, L., J. Brammer, C. Wilén, M. Lauer y F. Verhoeff. "Drying of biomass for second generation synfuel production". Biomass and Bioenergy 34, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2010): 1267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2010.04.005.
Texto completoSoni, Sanjeev Kumar, Apurav Sharma y Raman Soni. "Microbial Enzyme Systems in the Production of Second Generation Bioethanol". Sustainability 15, n.º 4 (15 de febrero de 2023): 3590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15043590.
Texto completoWright, Mark Mba. "Second Generation of Biofuels and Biomass. Roland A. Jansen". Energy Technology 1, n.º 4 (abril de 2013): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ente.201305003.
Texto completoDe Bari, Isabella, Federico Liuzzi, Alfredo Ambrico y Mario Trupo. "Arundo donax Refining to Second Generation Bioethanol and Furfural". Processes 8, n.º 12 (3 de diciembre de 2020): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121591.
Texto completoChandrasiri, Yasindra Sandamini, W. M. Lakshika Iroshani Weerasinghe, D. A. Tharindu Madusanka y Pathmalal M. Manage. "Waste-Based Second-Generation Bioethanol: A Solution for Future Energy Crisis". International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, n.º 1 (18 de noviembre de 2021): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.41774.
Texto completoXia, Jiangbao, Shuyong Zhang, Tian Li, Xia Liu, Ronghua Zhang y Guangcan Zhang. "Effect of Continuous Cropping Generations on Each Component Biomass of Poplar Seedlings during Different Growth Periods". Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/618421.
Texto completoTesis sobre el tema "Second generation biomass"
Maitan-alfenas, Gabriela Piccolo. "Enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass for second generation ethanol production". Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2014. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/6684.
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A produção de etanol de segunda geração apresenta grande potencial para ser uma realidade sustentável, especialmente no Brasil que prossui grandes quantidades de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Os maiores obstáculos deste processo são os pré- tratamentos e a hidrólise da biomassa, principalmente esta última etapa visto que as enzimas ainda apresentam custos muito elevados. Assim, esforços têm se concentrado em tornar o processo mais econômico com a descoberta de enzimas mais efetivas. Novas fontes de enzimas são continuamente encontradas e várias estratégias de prospecção e produção enzimática têm sido estudadas. Uma estratégia bastante utilizada na busca por novas enzimas e/ou enzimas mais eficientes é a análise de genômica comparativa de diferentes micro-organismos que permite a seleção de vários candidatos de interesse num curto período de tempo. Além disso, as enzimas podem ser produzidas por fungos quando estes são crescidos em biomassas que apresentam baixo custo e alta disponibilidade. Este trabalho foi dividido em cinco capítulos sendo que o primeiro consiste de uma revisão atual sobre a produção de etanol de segunda geração focada na etapa de sacarificação enzimática. Várias estratégias de prospecção e produção enzimáticas foram discutidas e detalhadas. No segundo capítulo, a sacarificação de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar após pré-tratamentos ácido e alcalino foi comparada usando o extrato enzimático do fungo fitopatógeno Chrysoporthe cubensis e três coquetéis comerciais. Para o bagaço de cana utilizado neste estudo, o pré-tratamento alcalino promoveu os melhores rendimentos de sacarificação sendo o extrato do fungo C. Cubensis o responsável pela maior liberação de glicose e xilose quando comparado às misturas enzimáticas comerciais. Além disso, o extrato de C. cubensis produziu maiores valores de atividade específica comparados aos dos coquetéis comerciais. No terceiro capítulo, o potencial genômico de fungos candidatos foi avaliado e as enzimas mais interessantes para a hidrólise de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar foram expressas em Aspergillus vadensis. Nove enzimas de três fungos diferentes, Aspergillus terreus, Nectria haematoccoca e Phaeosphaeria nodorum, foram viiclonadas e expressas por sistema heterólogo e representam uma nova possiblidade para a melhor degradação do bagaço de cana. Dentre estas enzimas, quatro - xilosidases foram bioquimicamente caracterizadas e apresentaram atividade máxima em valores de pH 4,5-5,0 e em temperaturas 55-60°C. No quarto capítulo, duas xilanases de Aspergillus nidulans previamente clonadas em Pichia pastoris, aqui denominadas Xyn1818 e Xyn3613, foram expressas, purificadas e caracterizadas. Xyn1818 apresentou ótima atividade em pH 7.5 e à 60°C enquanto Xyn3613 alcançou máxima atividade em pH 6.0 e à 50°C. Xyn1818 apresentou-se bastante termoestável à 50°C mantendo 50% de sua atividade original após 49 horas de incubação nesta temperatura. Xyn1818 apresentou maior atividade contra arabinoxilana de trigo enquanto o melhor substrato para Xyn3613 foi xilana beechwood. Testes de sacarificação mostraram que os coquetéis comerciais liberaram mais açúcares (glicose e xilose) quando suplementados com as xilanases Xyn1818 e Xyn3613 de A. nidulans. Finalmente, no quinto capítulo, os fungos Aspergillus niger e Trichoderma reesei foram avaliados quanto à produção de enzimas após crescimento em do e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Os fungos produziram diferentes tipos de enzimas (hemi)celulolíticas, o que foi refletido pelo forte efeito sinergístico na liberação de açúcares durante a sacarificação dos substratos utilizando o conjunto de enzimas dos dois microorganismos. Foi constatado que a remoção de monossacarídeos do meio de produção de enzimas é muito importante quando combinações de enzimas de T. reesei and A. niger são utilizadas para aprimorar a hidrólise de biomassas.
Second generation ethanol production has great potential to be a sustainable reality, especially in Brazil due to the large amount of available sugarcane bagasse. Pretreatment methods and biomass hydrolysis continue to be the bottlenecks of the overall process, mainly this second step since the enzymes present high costs. Therefore, efforts have been taken to make the process more cost-effective with regards to the discovery of more effective enzymes. New sources of enzymes are continuously encountered and several strategies of enzyme prospection and production have been studied. One strategy used in the search for new and/or more efficient enzymes is comparative genomic analysis of different microorganisms which allows for the screening of several candidates of interest in a short period of time. Moreover, plant-degrading enzymes can be produced by fungi grown on abundantly available low-cost plant biomass. This work was divided in five chapters being the first chapter a current review about second generation ethanol production focused mainly on the saccharification step. Several strategies of enzyme prospection and production were discussed and detailed. In the second chapter, saccharification of acid- and alkali-pretreated sugarcane bagasse was compared using the enzymatic extract from the pathogen fungus Chrysoporthe cubensis and three commercial enzymatic mixtures. For the sugarcane bagasse studied in this work, the alkaline pretreatment promoted the best saccharification yields, where the C. cubensis extract was responsible for the higher release of glucose and xylose when compared to the commercial enzymatic mixtures Furthermore, the C. cubensis extract was able to produce high specific enzyme activities when compared to the commercial cocktails. In the third chapter, the genomic potential of the candidate fungi was evaluated and the most interesting enzymes for sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis were expressed in Aspergillus vadensis. Nine enzymes from three different fungi, Aspergillus terreus, Nectria haematoccoca and Phaeosphaeria nodorum, were successfully cloned and expressed by heterologous system and these enzymes represent a possibility for a better degradation of sugarcane bagasse. -xylosidases were biochemicallycharacterized and showed maxima activity in the pH range 4.5-5.0 and at temperatures of 55-60°C. In the fourth chapter, two xylanases from Aspergillus nidulans previously cloned in Pichia pastoris, here nominated as Xyn1818 and Xyn3613, were expressed, purified and characterized. The optima pH and temperature for Xyn1818 were 7.5 and 60°C while Xyn3613 achieved maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 50°C. Xyn1818 showed to be very thermostable, maintaining 50% of its original activity after 49 hours when incubated at 50°C. Xyn1818 presented higher activity against wheat arabinoxylan while Xyn3613 had the best activity against xylan from beechwood. Saccharification results showed that the commercial enzymatic cocktails were able to release more sugars (glucose and xylose) after supplementation with the xylanases Xyn1818 and Xyn3613 from A. nidulans. Finally, in the fifth chapter, Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei were substrates: wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse. The fungi produced different sets of (hemi-)cellulolytic enzymes which was reflected in an overall strong synergistic effect in releasing sugars during saccharification using the enzyme blends from both fungi. It was observed that removing monosaccharides from the enzyme production media is very important when T. reesei and A. niger enzyme blends are combined to improve plant biomass saccharification.
Wetterlund, Elisabeth. "System studies of forest-based biomass gasification". Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Energisystem, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-74576.
Texto completoBioenergi spelar en viktig roll för att nå EU:s mål för förnybar energi. Sverige har med sina goda skogstillgångar och sin väletablerade skogsindustri en nyckelposition vad gäller modern bioenergianvändning. Förgasning av biomassa har flera fördelar jämfört med förbränningsbaserade processer - i synnerhet möjligheten att konvertera lågvärdiga råvaror till exempelvis fordonsdrivmedel. Används gasen istället för elproduktion kan en högre verkningsgrad nås om gasen används i en kombicykel, jämfört med i en konventionell ångturbincykel. De förgasningsbaserade processerna har i allmänhet ett betydande överskott av värme, vilket möjliggör integrering med fjärrvärmesystem eller industriella processer. I denna avhandling analyseras integrering av storskalig biomassaförgasning för drivmedelseller elproduktion, med andra delar av energisystemet. Skogsbaserad biomassa är i fokus och analysen behandlar såväl teknoekonomiska aspekter, som effekter på globala fossila CO2-utsläpp. Forskningen har gjorts på två olika systemnivåer - dels i form av detaljerade fallstudier av biomassaförgasning integrerat med lokala svenska system, dels i form av systemstudier på europeisk nivå. Resultaten visar att förgasningsbaserad biodrivmedels- eller elproduktion kan komma att utgöra ekonomiskt intressanta alternativ för integrering med fjärrvärme eller massa- och papperstillverkning. På grund av osäkerheter i fråga om framtida energimarknadsförhållanden och på grund av de höga kapitalkostnaderna som investering i förgasningsanläggningar innebär, kommer kraftfulla ekonomiska styrmedel krävas om biomassaförgasning är en önskad utvecklingsväg för framtidens energisystem, såvida inte olje- och elpriserna är höga nog att i sig skapa tillräckliga incitament. Medan förgasningsbaserad drivmedelsproduktion kan vara ekonomiskt attraktivt att integrera med såväl fjärrvärme som med massa- och papperstillverkning, framstår förgasningsbaserad elproduktion som betydligt mer lovande vid integrering med massa- och papperstillverkning. Användning av bioenergi anses ofta vara CO2-neutralt, eftersom upptaget av CO2 i växande biomassa antas balansera den CO2 som frigörs när biomassan förbränns. Som ett av alternativen i denna avhandling ses biomassa som begränsad, vilket innebär att ökad användning av bioenergi i en del av energisystemet begränsar den tillgängliga mängden biomassa för andra användare, vilket leder till ökade CO2-utsläpp för dessa. Resultaten visar att när hänsyn tas till denna typ av marginella effekter av ökad biomassaanvändning, blir potentialen för minskade globala CO2-utsläpp med hjälp av förgasningsbaserade tillämpningar mycket osäker. I själva verket skulle de flesta av de förgasningsbaserade drivmedel som studerats i denna avhandling leda till en utsläppsökning, snarare än den önskade minskningen.
Garbetti, Anna Laura. "Risk Assessment for the production of levulinic acid from second generation biomass and upgrading to γ-valerolactone". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Buscar texto completoHilares, Ruly Terán. "Hydrodynamic cavitation as a new approach for sugarcane bagasse pretreatment aiming to second generation ethanol production". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97131/tde-07082018-153234/.
Texto completoO uso de fontes de energia renováveis tem sido proposto como uma alternativa viável para reduzir o consumo e a dependência de combustíveis fósseis. Entre as alternativas disponíveis, a biomassa lignocelulósica apresenta grande potencial para geração de bioenergia, sendo que biocombustíveis como o etanol podem ser obtidos por fermentação a partir de açúcares presentes em suas frações celulósicas e hemicelulósicas. No entanto, para a liberação eficiente de açúcares fermentáveis na etapa de hidrólise enzimática, é necessário um processo prévio de pré-tratamento para modificar a estrutura e composição do material. Neste contexto, no presente trabalho a cavitação hidrodinâmica (CH) foi proposta como uma nova e promissora alternativa para o pré-tratamento do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Em uma primeira etapa, as variáveis concentração de NaOH, relação sólido/líquido (S/L) e tempo de processo foram otimizadas no pré-tratamento assistido por CH. Em condições otimizadas (0,48 mol/L de NaOH, 4,27% de relação S/L e 44,48 min), elevados valores de remoção de lignina (60,4%) e digestibilidade enzimática da fração de celulose (97,2%) foram obtidos. Com base nesses resultados, novas variáveis (pressão à montante, temperatura e concentração de álcali) foram incluídas para avaliação em uma segunda etapa do estudo com o objetivo de reduzir o tempo de pré-tratamento com CH. Neste caso, a temperatura e a concentração de álcalis foram as mais importantes na remoção de lignina e influenciaram na hidrólise das frações carboidrato da biomassa pré-tratada. Não houve diferença significativa na eficiência do pré-tratamento em 20 e 30 minutos de tempo de processo nas melhores condições (70 ° C, 3 bar de pressão a montante e 0,3 mol/L de NaOH). A influência do adimensional -número de cavitação? também foi avaliada em dois níveis (0,017 e 0,048), resultando em maior eficiência usando o número de cavitação mais baixo, que foi obtido usando placa de orifício com 16 furos (1 mm de diâmetro). Usando estas condições otimizadas e menor temperatura (60 ° C ao invés de 70 ° C) para evitar a formação de espuma quando o licor negro é reutilizado, outros álcalis (Ca (OH)2, Na2CO3, KOH) foram avaliados em combinação com CH e comparados com o uso de NaOH. Conversões enzimáticas elevadas das frações carboidrato foram observadas em material pré-tratado utilizando KOH-CH e NaOH-CH; além disso, o licor negro de NaOH foi reutilizado em 10 bateladas sequenciais. As biomassas pré-tratadas com licor negro reutilizado e fresco foram misturadas e utilizadas em processo de sacarificação e fermentação simultâneas (SSF) em reatores de coluna interligados, resultando em 62,33% de hidrólise das frações carboidrato e 17,26 g/L de produção de etanol (0,48 g de etanol/g de glicose e xilose consumidos). Finalmente, a adição de agente oxidante (H2O2) no processo alcalino-CH foi otimizado. Nas condições selecionadas (0,29 mol/L de NaOH, 0,78% v/v de H2O2 e 9,8 min), 95,43% e 81,34% de rendimento de hidrólise enzimática das frações de celulose e hemicelulose, respectivamente, foram obtidos utilizando 5% de carregamento de sólidos (S/L) no processo de hidrólise. Quando foi utilizado reator de coluna de leito fixo com 20% de S/L, atingiu-se 74,7% de rendimento de hidrólise de celulose. Os açúcares presentes no hidrolisado também foram fermentados em etanol em um reator de coluna de bolhas, resultando em um valor de rendimento de 0,49 g/g e 0,68 g/L.h de produtividade. Analisando-se os resultados de uma forma global, demonstrou-se que a CH é uma tecnologia promissora para acelerar o tempo de pré-tratamento em condições amenas, mostrando vantagens como simplicidade do sistema e possibilidade de aplicação em escala industrial.
Dlangamandla, Nkosikho. "Design of integrated processes for a second generation biorefinery using mixed agricultural waste". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2843.
Texto completoLignocellulosic biomass (agro-waste) has been recommended as the most promising feedstock for the production of bioalcohols, in the biofuel industry. Furthermore, agro-waste is well-known as the most abundant organic matter in the agricultural and forestry product processing industry. However, the challenge with utilizing agro-waste as a feedstock is its highly recalcitrant structure, which limits hydrolysis to convert the holocelluloses into fermentable sugars. Conventional pre-treatment methods such as dilute acid, alkaline, thermal, hot water and enzymatic, have been used in previous studies. The challenge with these conventional methods is the generation of residual toxicants during the pretreatment process, which inhibits a high bioalcohol yield, by reducing the microbial populations’ (fermenter) ability to be metabolically proficient during fermentation. Numerous studies have been developed to improve the engineered strains, which have shown to have an ability to reduce the inhibition and toxicity of the bioalcohols produced or by-products produced during pre-treatment, while enhancing the bioalcohol production. In the present study (chapter 5), evaluation of common conventional methods for the pretreatment of the mixed agro-waste, i.e. (˃45µm to <100µm) constituted by Citrus sinensis, Malus domestica peels, corn cobs from Zea mays and Quercus robur (oak) yard waste without a pre-rinsing step at a ratio of 1:1 at 25% (w/w) for each waste material, was undertaken, focusing on hot water pre treatment followed by dilute acid (H2SO4) pre-treatment. To further pretreat the mixed agro-waste residue, cellulases were used to further hydrolyse the pre-treated agro-waste in a single pot (batch) multi-reaction process. The TRS concentration of 0.12, 1.43 and 3.22 g/L was achieved with hot water, dilute acid and cellulases hydrolysis as sequential pretreatment steps, respectively, in a single pot multi-reaction system. Furthermore, a commercial strain was used to ascertain low (C1 to C3) and high carbon content (C4+) bioalcohol production under aerobic conditions. Multiple bioproducts were obtained within 48 to 72 h, including bioethanol and 1-Butanol, 3-methyl, which were major products for this study. However, undesirable bio-compounds such as phenolics, were detected post fermentation. Since multiple process units characterised by chemical usage and high energy intensivity have been utilized to overcome delignification and cellulolysis, a sustainable, environmental benign pretreatment process was proposed using N. mirabilis “monkey cup” fluids (extracts) to also reduce fermenter inhibitors from the delignification of mixed agrowaste; a process with minimal thermo physical chemical inputs for which a single pot multi-reaction system strategy was used. Nepenthes mirabilis extracts shown to have ligninolytic, cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities, were used as an enzyme cocktail to pretreat mixed agro-waste, subsequent to the furtherance of TRS production from the agro-waste, by further using cellulase for further hydrolysis. N. mirabilis pod extracts were determined to contained carboxylesterases (529.41±30.50 U/L), β-glucosidases (251.94±11.48 U/L) and xylanases (36.09±18.04 U/L), constituting an enzymatic cocktail with a significant potential for the reduction in total residual phenolic compounds (TRPCs). Furthermore, the results indicated that maximum concentration of TRS obtainable was 310±5.19 mg/L within 168 h, while the TRPCs were reduced from 6.25±0.18 to 4.26 ±0.09 mg/L, which was lower than that observed when conventional methods were used. Overall N. mirabilis extracts were demonstrated to have an ability to support biocatalytic processes for the conversion of agro-waste to produce fermentable TRS in a single unit facilitating multiple reactions with minimised interference with cellulase hydrolysis. Therefore, the digestive enzymes in N. mirabilis pods can be used in an integrated system for a second generation biorefinery.
Duarte, Aires. "Dimensionamento de plantas Biomass-to-Liquids para produção de óleo diesel sintético no Brasil". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/86/86131/tde-26022014-101501/.
Texto completoThere is a global demand for the supply of less polluting vehicular fuels as much by energy issues as socio-environmental. A potential alternative meaning the possibility of a biofuel without the limitations from the First Generation is the technological route known as Biomass-to-Liquids (BTL) which via gasification and the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis turns possible to obtain liquid biofuels such synthetic diesel oil from modern biomass, in this study, the lignocellulosic biomass. For commercial-scale production of a Second Generation biofuel, a complex planning and high investments are required given its pioneering and absence of market history or precise models. A methodology developed in 2006 by researcher Harold Boerrigter proposes the ideal sizing for a BTL plant assuming a Gas-to-Liquids (GTL) plant; here are proposed corrections and updates for this methodology, suggesting a curve able to point the influence of economy of scale in BTL plants and a formula for the calculation of an estimated Total Capital Investment (TCI) of these plants by the present time Brazil has no plant operating by BTL route. The research follows up with issues regarding forest residues provision in the Brazilian territory and conlcuding that the same would be insufficient as a raw material to sustain large BTL plants, making necessary the use of planned crops in the form of energy forests. Once made such analysis, it is presented the history since its beginning until its closing for the first plant to operate by the BTL route and to produce the designer fuel called SunDiesel®: built in Germany, the CHOREN Industritechnik contributes with its experience of years and also with the gasification technology Carbo-V® for researches with synthetic biofuels. Such example may indicates an alert regarding the expenditure of efforts on projects of this nature, given the economic uncertainties that surround the Second Generation fuels technological frontiers.
Van, Der Westhuizen Willem Andries. "A Techno-economic evaluation of integrating first and second generation bioethanol production from sugarcane in Sub-Saharan Africa". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85611.
Texto completoENGLISH ABSTRACT: Climate change that results from greenhouse gases (GHG’s) released from the burning of fossil fuels, together with the rising price of oil, have sparked interest in renewable biofuels. The production of biofuels also presents potential socio-economic benefits. There are two types of technologies for bioethanol production: · First generation bioethanol is produced from food feedstocks such as juice of sugarcane. · Second generation bioethanol is produced from non-food feedstocks (lignocellulosic materials). This project is concerned with 1st and 2nd generation bioethanol production from sugarcane juice and bagasse and the integration of these technologies. This project comprises a combination of experimental and process modelling work to assess energy efficiencies and the economic viability of integrated and stand-alone processes in the sub-Saharan African context. First generation fermentation experiments were conducted and high ethanol concentrations of up to 113.7 g/L were obtained. It was concluded that a recombinant yeast strain may be able to replace a natural hexose fermenting yeast for 1st generation fermentations to reduce costs. 2nd generation fermentation experiments were performed and ethanol concentrations of close to 40 g/L were obtained. Combinations of 1st and 2nd generation fermentation experiments were performed to improve the 2nd generation fermentation. In one of the experiments it was concluded that the combination of 1st and 2nd generation fermentations significantly improved the 2nd generation fermentation with an overall ethanol concentration of 57.6 g/L in a shorter time than for the pure 2nd generation experiments. It was determined from washing and pressing experiments that pressing the pre-hydrolysate liquor out of the pre-treated bagasse will sufficiently lower the levels of inhibitors in a 2nd generation fermentation when using a hardened yeast. Some of the data from the 1st generation experiments were used along with literature data to model a first generation process in Aspen Plus® which processes 493 tons of cane per hour (tc/hr). Pinch heat integration was used to reduce the utility requirements. The process used the bagasse that was generated to co-produce steam and electricity. The excess electricity was sold for additional revenue. In one scenario the excess bagasse was determined at 57.5%. This bagasse was sold to a stand-alone 2nd generation plant. The first generation process produced 85.5 litres of ethanol per ton of cane (L/tc), the integrated process produced 128 L/tc while the stand-alone 2nd generation process produced 185 litres of ethanol per ton of bagasse (50% moisture) or 25.5 L/tc. The amount of excess electricity that was produced ranged from 14.3 to 70.2 kWh/tc. Economic analyses were performed using South African economic parameters to resemble the sub- Saharan African context. Data from the 1st generation process model and literature data for integrated 1st and 2nd generation and stand-alone 2nd generation processes were used for the analyses. It was found that the integrated plant is the most economically viable (IRR = 11.66%) while the 1st generation process basically broke even (IRR = 1.62%) and the 2nd generation process is unviable. This was as a result of high sugarcane prices and too few incentives for 2nd generation ethanol.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Klimaatsverandering wat veroorsaak word deur kweekhuisgasse wat vrygestel word deur die verbranding van fossielbrandstowwe en die stygenede olieprys het belangstelling in hernubare biobrandstowwe laat opvlam. Die produksie van biobrandstowwe hou ook potensiële sosioekonomiese voordele in. Daar is twee tegnologieë vir bioetanol produksie: · Eerste generasie bioetanol word vanaf voedsel bronne soos suikersap geproduseer. · Tweede generasie bioetanol word van nie-voedsel bronne (lignosellulose materiaal) geproduseer. Hierdie projek handel oor 1ste en 2de generasie bioetanol produksie van suikersap en suikerriet bagasse en die integrasie van hierdie tegnologieë. Hierdie projek bestaan uit ‘n kombinasie van eksperimentele- en prosesmodellering werk om die energiedoeltreffendheid en ekonomise vatbaarheid van geïntegreerde en alleenstaande prosesse in die sub-Sahara konteks te ondersoek. Eerste generasie fermentasie eksperimente is uitgevoer en hoë etanol konsentrasies van tot 113.7 g/L is gekry. Dit was bepaal dat ‘n rekombinante gisras ‘n natuurilke heksose fermenterende gisras kan vervang vir 1ste generasie fermentasies om kostes te bespaar. 2de generasie fermentasie eksperimente is gedoen en etanol konsentrasies van amper 40 g/L is behaal. Kombinasies van 1ste en 2de generasie fermentasie-eksperimente was uitgevoer om die 2de generasie fermentasie te verbeter. In een van die eksperimente is dit bepaal dat die kombinasie van 1ste en 2de generasie fermentasie die 2de generasie fermentasie beduidend verbeter het met ‘n etanol konsentrasie van 57.6 g/L en dít in ‘n korter tyd as vir die suiwer 2de generasie eksperimente. Dit was bepaal vanuit pers- en was eksperimente dat om die pre-hidrolisaat vloeistof uit die stoombehandelde bagasse te pers, die vlak van inhibitore in ‘n 2de generasie fermentasie voldoende verlaag vir die gebruik van ‘n verharde gis. Van die data van die 1ste generasie eksperimente was saam met literatuurdata gebruik om ‘n 1ste generasie proses in Aspen Plus® te modelleer wat 493 ton suikerriet per uur prosesseer (tc/hr). Pinch hitte integrasie was gebruik om die dienste vereistes te verminder. In die proses word die bagasse gebruik om stoom en elektrisiteit te genereer. In een geval was die oortillge bagasse bepaal as 57.5%. Hierdie bagasse was verkoop aan ‘n alleenstaande 2de generasie aanleg. Die eerste generasie proses het 85.5 liter etanol per ton suikerriet geproduseer (L/tc), die geïntegreerde proses het 128 L/tc geproduseer terwyl die 2de generasie proses 185 liter etanol etanol per ton bagasse (50% vog) of 25.5 L/tc geproduseer het. Die hoeveelhede oortillige elektrisiteit wat geproduseer is wissel van 14.3 tot 70.2 kWh/tc. Ekonomiese analieses is gedoen met Suid-Afrikaanse ekonomiese parameters om die sub-Sahara Afrika-konteks uit te beeld. Data van die 1ste generasie prosesmodel en literatuurdata van geïntegreerde 1ste en 2de generasie en alleenstaande 2de generasie prosesse was vir die analieses gebruik. Dit is bepaal dat die geïntegreerde model die mees ekonomies vatbare model is (IRR = 11.66%) terwyl die 1ste generasie proses basies gelyk gebreek het (IRR = 1.62%) en die 2de generasie proses is ekonomies onvatbaar. Hierdie bevindinge is as gevolg van hoë suikerrietpryse en te min aansporings vir 2de generasie etanol.
Desiderato, Joana Gabriela [UNESP]. "Metagenômica e bioinformática aplicada à bioenergia: explorando um consórcio bacteriano degradador de biomassa". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151237.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
A indústria sucroalcooleira gera elevado número de resíduos de origem da biomassa lignocelulósica que apresentam grande potencial para produção de biocombustíveis, em particular o etanol de segunda geração. Uma das formas promissoras para a desconstrução da biomassa lignocelulósica é através da utilização de consórcios bacterianos que produzem enzimas altamente específicas com a capacidade de quebrar a estrutura da lignocelulose. Porém, para a otimização desse processo é importante entender as funções metabólicas presentes nesses consórcios degradadores de biomassa. Portanto, esse estudo objetivou identificar e classificar a composição de uma comunidade bacteriana proveniente de consórcio oriundo de solo contendo bagaço de cana-de-açúcar em decomposição e avaliar sua capacidade metabólica através de sequenciamento genômico de alto rendimento e análises de bioinformática. Esse consórcio foi cultivado durante vinte semanas, sendo que amostras de DNA foram extraídas para sequenciamento a cada sete dias. O sequenciamento da subunidade 16S do operon ribossomal (16S rRNA) foi realizado utilizando a plataforma Ion PGM™, enquanto que o sequenciamento do DNA total foi realizado na plataforma HiSeq 2500, Illumina®. Os resultados do sequenciamento do 16S rRNA indicam 5 diferentes famílias bacterianas ao longo das 20 semanas, sendo Burkholderiaceae (73%) e Rhodanobacteraceae (24%) as mais abundantes. Análises do potencial funcional do consórcio realizadas através dos programas PICRUSt e STAMP, indicam o enriquecimento da função de transportadores, incluindo transportadores do tipo ABC, principalmente na primeira semana, sugerindo um provável papel na metabolização do material lignocelulolítico presente no meio. Os dados gerados pelo sequenciamento total do metagenoma foram montados (“de novo” assembly) e permitiram recuperar a sequência genômica de um dos organismos mais abundantes presentes no consórcio (24%). Esse genoma foi finalizado e circularizado, apresentando 4.758.639 pb e GC% de 65,25, e similaridade de 99% da sequência do 16S rRNA e 90,77% de identidade de suas sequências codificadoras com o genoma da bactéria Dyella jiangningensis SBZ3-12 (Rhodanobacteraceae). A anotação realizada através da plataforma RAST, indicou 4.194 genes codificadores de proteínas, dentre os quais 36 Glicosil Hidrolases potencialmente envolvidas com a degradação da biomassa lignocelulósica. Portanto, esse estudo permitiu a elucidação da diversidade microbiana e perfil metabólico de um consórcio bacteriano, revelando um novo genoma pertencente ao gênero Dyella, potencialmente relacionado com o processo de degradação da biomassa lignocelulósica. Em linhas gerais, os resultados obtidos também corroboraram o potencial que ferramentas de sequenciamento de alto rendimento, metagenômica e bioinformática apresentam para o estudo de comunidades microbianas com potencial biotecnológico, mostrando-se como uma valiosa alternativa para a investigação de novos alvos para a pesquisa em bioenergia.
The sugarcane ethanol industry generates a number of residues related to the lignocellulosic biomass which exhibit potential for the production of biofuels, in particular second generation ethanol. One of the promising ways for the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass to valuable products is through the use of bacterial consortia. These consortia encode a specific set of enzymes capable to metabolize and decompose the lignocellulose structure. However, to optimize this process, the metabolic functions present in a biomass-degrading consortia must be well known. Therefore, this study aimed to unravel the taxonomic composition, and to evaluate the metabolic profile of a bacterial consortium from a sugar-cane derived soil containing decomposing straw, through high-throughput genomic sequencing and bioinformatics analyzes. The selected consortium was cultivated in laboratory for twenty weeks, and DNA samples were extracted for sequencing every seven days. The 16S subunit of the ribosomal operon (16S rRNA) and total DNA sequencing were performed through the Ion PGM™ (Thermo Fischer) and HiSeq 2500 (Illumina) platforms, respectively. The 16S rRNA sequencing indicate at least 5 different bacterial families during the 20 weeks of cultivation. The Burkholderiaceae (73%) and Rhodanobacteraceae (24%) are the most abundant. Functional analyses, indicate an enrichment of the transporter-related function, including ABC-transporters mainly in the first week of cultivation, suggesting a probable role related with the decomposing of the lignocellulolytic material. The whole metagenome sequencing uncover the genomic sequence of one of the most abundant organisms present in the consortium (abundance ~24% of the sequenced reads). This genome was finished and circularized, exhibiting 4,758,639 bp, GC% of 65.25, and 99% of similarity of the 16S rRNA and 90.77% identity of the coding sequences to the genome of the bacterium Dyella jiangningensis SBZ3- 12 (Rhodanobacteraceae). The annotation revealed 4,194 proteins coding genes, among which 36 Glycosyl Hydrolases potentially involved with the degradation of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, the microbial diversity and metabolic profile of the consortium was revealed. In addition a new genome belonging to the Dyella genus potentially involved with degradation of the lignocellulosic biomass were also uncovered. Overall, the results also corroborated the potential of high-throughput metagenomic sequencing and bioinformatic aproach for the elucidation of microbial communities with biotechnological potential, proving to be a valuable alternative for the bioenergy research.
CNPq: 132532/2015-8
Magnusson, Mimmi. "Energy systems studied of biogas : Generation aspects of renewable vehicle fuels in the transport system". Doctoral thesis, KTH, Energiprocesser, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-105120.
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Song, Letian. "Study and Engineering of a GH11 endo-beta-xylanase, a biomass-degrading hemicellulase". Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAT0039/document.
Texto completoEngineering new and powerful enzymes for biomass hydrolysis is one area that will facilitate thefuture development of biorefining. In this respect, xylanases from family GH11 are already importantindustrial biocatalysts that can contribute to 2nd generation biorefining. The target of this study, theGH11 xylanase (Tx-Xyl) from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus is thermostable, and is thus an interestingtarget for enzyme engineering, aiming at increasing its specific activity on lignocellulosic biomass,such as wheat straw. Nevertheless, the action of xylanases on complex biomass is not yet wellunderstood, and thus the use of a rational engineering approach is not really feasible.In this doctoral study, to gain new insight into structure-function relationships, two enzymeengineering strategies have been deployed. The first concerns the development of a randommutagenesis and in vitro DNA shuffling approach, which was used in order to improve the hydrolyticpotency of Tx-Xyl on wheat straw, while the second strategy consisted in the creation of a chimericenzyme, with the aim of probing and improving -3 subsite binding, and ultimately improvinghydrolytic activity.The first key results that has been obtained is the development of a novel high-throughputscreening method, which was devised in order to reliably pinpoint mutants that can better hydrolyzewheat straw. Using this screening method, several generations of mutant libraries have beenanalyzed and a series of improved enzyme variants have been identified. One mutant, bearing silentmutations, actually leads to higher gene expression, while others have intrinsically altered catalyticproperties. Testing of mutants has shown that some of the enzyme variants can improve thesolubilization of wheat straw arabinoxylans and can work in synergy with cellulose cocktails torelease both pentose sugars and glucose.Using a semi-rational approach, 17 amino acids have been added to the N-terminal of Tx-Xyl, withthe aim of adding two extra β-strands coming from a GH11 fungal xylanase. A chimeric enzyme hasbeen successfully expressed and purified and its catalytic properties have been investigated.Although this approach has failed to create increased -3 subsite binding, the data presented revealsimportant information on structure-function relationships and suggest that Tx-Xyl may possess ahitherto unknown secondary substrate binding site. Moreover, a rational explanation for the failureof the original strategy is proposed
Libros sobre el tema "Second generation biomass"
Jansen, Roland A. Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652976.
Texto completo1960-, Yoshida Kazuya, Ueda Mitsuyoshi 1955- y Fukusaki Eiichirō 1960-, eds. Daini sedai baio nenryō no kaihatsu to ōyō tenkai =: Exploitation of second generation biofuels and its development. Tōkyō: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2009.
Buscar texto completo1960-, Yoshida Kazuya, Ueda Mitsuyoshi 1955- y Fukusaki Eiichirō 1960-, eds. Daini sedai baio nenryō no kaihatsu to ōyō tenkai =: Exploitation of second generation biofuels and its development. Tōkyō: Shīemushī Shuppan, 2009.
Buscar texto completoSubcommittee hearing on second generation biofuels: The new frontier for small businesses. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.
Buscar texto completoIncreasing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises through the use of environmentally sound technologies: Assessing the potential for the development of second-generation biofuels in the ESCWA region. New York: United Nations, 2009.
Buscar texto completoJansen, Roland A. Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass: Essential Guide for Investors, Scientists and Decision Makers. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.
Buscar texto completoJansen, Roland A. Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass: Essential Guide for Investors, Scientists and Decision Makers. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.
Buscar texto completoJansen, Roland A. Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass: Essential Guide for Investors, Scientists and Decision Makers. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2012.
Buscar texto completoJansen, Roland A. Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass: Essential Guide for Investors, Scientists and Decision Makers. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.
Buscar texto completoBuckeridge, Marcos S. y Amanda P. De Souza. Advances of Basic Science for Second Generation Bioethanol from Sugarcane. Springer, 2017.
Buscar texto completoCapítulos de libros sobre el tema "Second generation biomass"
Sheldon, Roger A. "Enzymatic Conversion of First- and Second-Generation Sugars". En Biomass and Green Chemistry, 169–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66736-2_7.
Texto completoMartins, Luiza Helena Da Silva, João Moreira Neto, Paulo Weslem Portal Gomes, Johnatt Allan Rocha De Oliveira, Eduardo Dellosso Penteado y Andrea Komesu. "Potential Feedstocks for Second-Generation Ethanol Production in Brazil". En Sustainable Biofuel and Biomass, 145–66. Includes bibliographical references and index: Apple Academic Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429265099-8.
Texto completoCho, Hannah Hyunah y Vladimir Strezov. "Environmental and Energy Potential Assessment of Integrated First and Second Generation Bioenergy Feedstocks". En Renewable Energy Systems from Biomass, 103–20. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153971-7.
Texto completoLuft, Luciana, Juliana R. F. da Silva, Raquel C. Kuhn y Marcio A. Mazutti. "Second Generation Bioethanol Production from Residual Biomass of the Rice Processing Industry". En Lignocellulosic Biomass Production and Industrial Applications, 111–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119323686.ch6.
Texto completode Lourdes T.M. Polizeli, Maria, Alexandre Favarin Somera, Rosymar Coutinho de Lucas, Monica Stropa Ferreira Nozawa y Michele Michelin. "Enzymes Involved in the Biodegradation of Sugarcane Biomass: Challenges and Perspectives". En Advances of Basic Science for Second Generation Bioethanol from Sugarcane, 55–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49826-3_5.
Texto completoKaur, Manmeet, Mandeep Kaur Gill, Shivani Sharma, G. S. Kocher y H. S. Sodhi. "Biological Pretreatment Strategies for Second-Generation Lignocellulosic Biomass to Enhance Ethanol Production". En Clean Energy Production Technologies, 169–203. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6230-1_6.
Texto completoDriemeier, Carlos. "Nanostructure of Lignocellulose and Its Importance for Biomass Conversion into Chemicals and Biofuels". En Advances of Basic Science for Second Generation Bioethanol from Sugarcane, 21–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49826-3_3.
Texto completo"Biomass". En Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass, 113–25. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652976.ch8.
Texto completo"First- and Second-Generation Biofuels". En Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass, 21–29. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652976.ch2.
Texto completo"Biofuels and Biomass in Africa". En Second Generation Biofuels and Biomass, 169–72. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527652976.ch14.
Texto completoActas de conferencias sobre el tema "Second generation biomass"
Gu¨ell, Berta Matas, Judit Sandquist y Lars So̸rum. "Gasification of Biomass to Second Generation Biofuels: A Review". En ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2011-54140.
Texto completoPatel, Nikhil y Darren D. Schmidt. "Biomass Boundary Layer Turbine Power System". En 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26035.
Texto completoGabrielle Silva, Thaís, GONCALO AMARANTE GUIMARAES PEREIRA y Thamy L. R. Corrêa. "Bacterial Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases (LPMOs) and their impact on deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass for production of second generation ethanol". En XXV Congresso de Iniciação Cientifica da Unicamp. Campinas - SP, Brazil: Galoa, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.19146/pibic-2017-78831.
Texto completoMo¨ller, Bjo¨rn Fredriksson, Mohsen Assadi y Ulf Linder. "CO2-Free Power Generation: A Study of Three Conceptually Different Plant Layouts". En ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38413.
Texto completoSreenivasa, R. y K. Aung. "Numerical Simulations of Biomass Co-Firing in a Fluidized Bed Combustor". En ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59787.
Texto completoShamsuddin, Abd Halim. "Malaysian Biomass Resources: Green Renewable Contribution in the National Energy Mix". En ASME 2010 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2010-27333.
Texto completoPina, Eduardo Antonio y Marcelo Modesto. "Proposals to Maximize Electricity Generation From Sugar Cane in Brazil". En ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20132.
Texto completoHawkes, G. L., J. E. O’Brien y M. G. McKellar. "Liquid Bio-Fuel Production From Non-Food Biomass via High Temperature Steam Electrolysis". En ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62588.
Texto completoZampilli, Mauro, Gianni Bidini, Paolo Laranci, Michele D’Amico, Pietro Bartocci y Francesco Fantozzi. "Biomass Microturbine Based EFGT and IPRP Cycles: Environmental Impact Analysis and Comparison". En ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64947.
Texto completoMinchener, A. J. "An Overview of Recent Clean Coal Gasification Technology R&D Activities Supported by the European Commission". En ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-163.
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