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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Scotland – Hebrides"

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Autor: Grafiati

Publicado: 25 de julio de 2024

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1

IMBER, J., R. A. STRACHAN, R. E. HOLDSWORTH y C. A. BUTLER. "The initiation and early tectonic significance of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, Scotland". Geological Magazine 139, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2002): 609–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756802006969.

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The Outer Hebrides Fault Zone is a major ESE-dipping detachment exposed within basement gneisses of the Archaean–Palaeoproterozoic Lewisian Complex, northwest Scotland. The fault zone exhibits a long-lived displacement history and was active during Proterozoic, end-Silurian, Carboniferous and Mesozoic times. The earliest deformation event preserved onshore was associated with top-to-the-NW ductile thrusting. A previous study proposed that thrust-related protomylonitic and mylonitic fabrics are cross-cut by amphibolites (‘Younger Basics’) and Laxfordian granite and pegmatite sheets. This evidence was used to suggest that ductile thrusting occurred during the Palaeoproterozoic Inverian event at c. 2500 Ma. Our observations demonstrate, however, that mylonitic fabrics within the ductile thrust zone are superimposed on all components of the gneiss complex including amphibolites and Laxfordian intrusions. It therefore follows that the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone cannot be older than c. 1685 Ma, the age of recently dated Laxfordian granites in the Outer Hebrides. Geochronological studies have shown that the basement blocks of the northern Outer Hebrides and Scottish mainland have different geological histories and were amalgamated during Proterozoic times at or after c. 1700 Ma. We propose that early ductile thrusting along the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone formed part of this amalgamation process leading to burial and reheating of the footwall gneisses in Lewis and north Harris. This would account for the c. 1100 Ma thermal event recorded by previous workers and implies that ductile thrusting along the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone is of Grenvillian age.

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2

Pierce, G. J. y M. B. Santos. "Diet of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) in Mull and Skye (Inner Hebrides, western Scotland)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 83, n.º 3 (9 de abril de 2003): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315403007604h.

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Data on the diets of harbour seals (Phoca vitulina) from two islands in the Inner Hebrides (Scotland, UK) based on collections of faecal samples made in 1993 and 1994 are presented. The diet included a range of fish and cephalopod species, of which the most important were gadoids, particularly whiting (Merlangius merlangus), along with pelagic scad (Trachurus trachurus) and herring (Clupea harengus). There were significant temporal and spatial (between-island) differences in diet. The relatively high importance of pelagic species and the low importance of sandeels (Ammodytidae) is consistent with previous studies on grey seals (Halichoerus grypus) in the Inner Hebrides but differs from studies based in other parts of Scotland.

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3

Dawson, Tom. "Community Rescue: Saving sites from the sea". AP: Online Journal in Public Archaeology 6, n.º 2 (7 de enero de 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23914/ap.v6i2.78.

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Erosion threatens coastal sites around the globe and Scotland has been pioneering a methodology of community action that brings local groups and professional together to work at sites before they are destroyed. This builds upon the Historic Scotland rapid coastal surveys and the follow-up analysis of collected data to prioritise action. Projects such as Shorewatch and the Scotland’s Coastal Heritage at Risk Project (SCHARP) have seen communities update records and participate in practical work. This paper presents the background to these community initiatives, giving details of two projects; the excavation of an Iron Age Wheelhouse in the Hebrides and the relocation of Bronze Age structures in Shetland.

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4

Lane, Cathy. "Mapping the Outer Hebrides in sound: towards a sonic methodology". Island Studies Journal 11, n.º 2 (2016): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24043/isj.353.

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Scottish Gaelic is still widely spoken in the Outer Hebrides, remote islands off the West Coast of Scotland, and the islands have a rich and distinctive cultural identity, as well as a complex history of settlement and migrations. Almost every geographical feature on the islands has a name which reflects this history and culture. This paper discusses research which uses sound and listening to investigate the relationship of the islands’ inhabitants, young and old, to placenames and the resonant histories which are enshrined in them and reveals them, in their spoken form, as dynamic mnemonics for complex webs of memories. I speculate on why this ‘place-speech’ might have arisen from specific aspects of Hebridean history and culture and how sound can offer a new way of understanding the relationship between people and island toponymies.

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5

Morton, Nicol. "Jurassic subsidence history in the Hebrides, N.W. Scotland". Marine and Petroleum Geology 4, n.º 3 (agosto de 1987): 226–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(87)90046-8.

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6

Moore, P. G. "The Lochbuie Marine Institute, Isle of Mull, Scotland". Archives of Natural History 40, n.º 1 (abril de 2013): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/anh.2013.0135.

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The Lochbuie Marine Institute on the Isle of Mull (Inner Hebrides), established in 1886, had links with the short-lived National Fish Culture Association of Great Britain and Ireland (inaugurated 1882). Its amalgamation with the Scottish Marine Station at Granton (Edinburgh) was informally suggested in 1887, but it ceased to exist about this time.

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7

Ryan, Anthony W., Valeria Mattiangeli y Jarle Mork. "Genetic differentiation of blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou Risso) populations at the extremes of the species range and at the Hebrides–Porcupine Bank spawning grounds". ICES Journal of Marine Science 62, n.º 5 (1 de enero de 2005): 948–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.03.006.

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Abstract The blue whiting, Micromesistius poutassou (Teleostei, Gadidae) is found between latitudes 26° and 82°N along the continental margin of the Northeast Atlantic, with smaller populations in the Northwest Atlantic and the Mediterranean. There is an annual spawning aggregation on the Porcupine Bank and Hebridean Shelf (west of Ireland and Scotland, respectively), where most of the blue whiting population of the Northeast Atlantic spawns. Analysis of samples from the Barents Sea, the Northeast Atlantic, and the Mediterranean (n = 850, 11 samples) using one minisatellite and five microsatellite loci revealed significant geographic heterogeneity and isolated populations at the extremes of the species range in the Barents Sea and the Mediterranean. Furthermore, there was evidence of genetic heterogeneity among samples taken during the spawning season on the Porcupine Bank and Hebridean Shelf, with highly significant differentiation between the samples taken in the Hebrides in 1992 and 1998.

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8

Fielding, Alan H., David Anderson, Catherine Barlow, Stuart Benn, Robin Reid, Ruth Tingay, Ewan D. Weston y D. Philip Whitfield. "Golden Eagle Populations, Movements, and Landscape Barriers: Insights from Scotland". Diversity 16, n.º 4 (25 de marzo de 2024): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16040195.

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GPS satellite tracking allows novel investigations of how golden eagles Aquila chrysaetos use the landscape at several scales and at different life history stages, including research on geographical barriers which may prevent or limit range expansion or create population/sub-population isolation. If there are significant barriers to golden eagle movements, there could be demographic and genetic consequences. Genetic studies have led investigations on the identification of sub-species, populations, and sub-populations but should be conjoined with demographic studies and dispersal movements to understand fully such designations and their geographic delimitation. Scottish eagles are genetically differentiated from continental European birds, with thousands of years of separation creating a distinct population, though without sub-species assignation. They present unique research opportunities to examine barriers to movements illustrated by satellite tracking under Scotland’s highly variable geography. We primarily examined two features, using more than seven million dispersal records from satellite tags fitted to 152 nestlings. The first was the presence of unsuitable terrestrial habitat. We found few movements across a region of largely unsuitable lowland habitat between upland regions substantially generated by geological features over 70 km apart (Highland Boundary Fault and Southern Uplands Fault). This was expected from the Golden Eagle Topography model, and presumed isolation was the premise for an ongoing reinforcement project in the south of Scotland, translocating eagles from the north (South Scotland Golden Eagle Project: SSGEP). Second was that larger expanses of water can be a barrier. We found that, for a northwestern archipelago (Outer Hebrides), isolated by ≥24 km of sea (and with prior assignation of genetical and historical separation), there were no tagged bird movements with the Inner Hebrides and/or the Highlands mainland (the main sub-population), confirming their characterisation as a second sub-population. Results on the willingness of eagles to cross open sea or sea lochs (fjords) elsewhere in Scotland were consistent on distance. While apparently weaker than the Outer Hebrides in terms of separation, the designation of a third sub-population in the south of Scotland seems appropriate. Our results validate the SSGEP, as we also observed no movement of birds across closer sea crossings from abundant Highland sources to the Southern Uplands. Based on telemetric results, we also identified where any re-colonisation of England, due to the SSGEP, is most likely to occur. We emphasise, nevertheless, that our study’s records during dispersal will be greater than the natal dispersal distances (NDDs), when birds settle to breed after dispersal, and NDDs are the better shorter arbiter for connectivity.

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9

OSINSKI, G. R., G. I. ALSOP y G. J. H. OLIVER. "Extensional tectonics of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, South Uist, northwest Scotland". Geological Magazine 138, n.º 3 (mayo de 2001): 325–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756801005325.

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The Outer Hebrides Fault Zone is a major ESE-dipping reactivated structure within Lewisian basement gneisses of the Laurentian craton, northwest Scotland. Detailed mapping in South Uist reveals important new evidence that contributes to a better understanding of the kinematic evolution of the fault zone. Large quantities of pseudotachylite which characterize the fault zone on South Uist may in part be lithologically controlled, and therefore of little value in determining areas of greatest deformation and displacement. Only limited evidence is preserved for ductile and brittle thrust-sense movements along this portion of the fault zone. The tectonics of the fault zone on South Uist are dominated by structures associated with several episodes of pervasive top-down-to-the-SE to -ENE brittle extensional deformation, which are progressively overprinted by protophyllonitic and phyllonitic fabrics associated with top-down-to-the-E to -ENE extension. A series of late-stage high-angle normal faults record top-down-to-the-ESE to -ENE extension and cut the phyllonites. Fluid inclusion studies from syntectonic quartz veins constrain the conditions of phyllonite formation at 370 ± 20 °C. Field evidence suggests that this section of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone may have been largely unaffected by sinistral strike-slip reactivation as reported along-strike to the north, suggesting both a varied and compartmentalized tectonic and evolutionary history along the length of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone.

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10

SZULC, A. G., G. I. ALSOP y G. J. H. OLIVER. "Kinematic and thermal constraints on the reactivation of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, NW Scotland". Geological Magazine 145, n.º 5 (22 de julio de 2008): 623–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756808004925.

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AbstractThe Outer Hebrides Fault Zone is a major easterly dipping reactivated shear zone which displaces Lewisian gneiss of the Laurentian craton, NW Scotland. Despite a number of detailed field studies, the fault zone remains poorly understood with regard to both its age of inception and precise conditions of reactivation. The island of Scalpay in the northern portion of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone provides exceptional exposures through a variety of reactivated fault rock types and therefore represents an ideal location to investigate fault zone evolution via fluid inclusion studies of syn-tectonic quartz veins. This fluid inclusion study constrains reactivation temperatures more precisely than hitherto possible with top-to-the-NW ductile thrusting occurring at 500 ± 30°C. Subsequent phyllonitization is associated with oblique sinistral top-to-the-NE strike-slip at 230 ± 20°C, followed by a discrete system of top-to-the-NE/SE extensional detachments at 150 ± 20°C. Other recent fluid inclusion studies in the southern portion of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone constrain phyllonitization associated with top-to-the-E displacement to 370 ± 20°C, with subsequent top-to-the-NE extensional detachments operating at 150–210°C. Thus, late-stage extensional detachment systems record consistent conditions of reactivation along the strike length of the Outer Hebrides Fault Zone. However, our results also clearly emphasize that conditions of earlier fault zone reactivation and phyllonitization were highly heterogeneous between the northern and southern portions, thus suggesting a spatial and temporal variation in the deformation and/or fluid flux system.

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11

BALLANTYNE, Colin K. y David SMALL. "The Last Scottish Ice Sheet". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110, n.º 1-2 (15 de mayo de 2018): 93–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000038.

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ABSTRACTThe last Scottish Ice Sheet (SIS) expanded from a pre-existing ice cap after ∼35 ka. Highland ice dominated, with subsequent build-up of a Southern Uplands ice mass. The Outer Hebrides, Skye, Mull, the Cairngorms and Shetland supported persistent independent ice centres. Expansion was accompanied by ice-divide migration and switching flow directions. Ice nourished in Scotland reached the Atlantic Shelf break in some sectors but only mid-shelf in others, was confluent with the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) in the North Sea Basin, extended into northern England, and fed the Irish Sea Ice Stream and a lobe that reached East Anglia. The timing of maximum extent was diachronous, from ∼30–27 ka on the Atlantic Shelf to ∼22–21 ka in Yorkshire. The SIS buried all mountains, but experienced periods of thickening alternating with drawdown driven by ice streams such as the Minch, the Hebrides and the Moray Firth Ice Streams. Submarine moraine banks indicate oscillating retreat and progressive decoupling of Highland ice from Orkney–Shetland ice. The pattern and timing of separation of the SIS and FIS in the North Sea Basin remain uncertain. Available evidence suggests that by ∼17 ka, much of the Sea of the Hebrides, the Outer Hebrides, Caithness and the coasts of E Scotland were deglaciated. By ∼16 ka, the Solway lowlands, Orkney and Shetland were deglaciated, the SIS and Irish Ice Sheet had separated, the ice margin lay along the western seaboard, nunataks had emerged in Wester Ross, the ice margin lay N of the Cairngorms and the sea had invaded the Tay and Forth estuaries. By ∼15 ka, most of the Southern Uplands, the Firth of Clyde, the Midland Valley and the upper Spey valley were deglaciated, and in NW Scotland ice was retreating from fjords and valleys. By the onset of rapid warming at ∼14.7 ka, much of the remnant SIS was confined within the limits of Younger Dryas glaciation. The SIS, therefore, lost most of its mass during the Dimlington Stade. It is uncertain whether fragments of the SIS persisted on high ground throughout the Lateglacial Interstade.

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12

Wakefield, M. I. "Middle Jurassic (Bathonian) Ostracoda from the Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society 148, n.º 596 (31 de diciembre de 1994): 2–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25761900.2022.12131777.

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13

Morton, Nicol. "Jurassic sequence stratigraphy in the Hebrides Basin, NW Scotland". Marine and Petroleum Geology 6, n.º 3 (agosto de 1989): 243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-8172(89)90004-4.

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14

DAWSON, ALASTAIR G., SUE DAWSON, J. ANDREW G. COOPER, ALASTAIR GEMMELL y RICHARD BATES. "A Pliocene age and origin for the strandflat of the Western Isles of Scotland: a speculative hypothesis". Geological Magazine 150, n.º 2 (16 de noviembre de 2012): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756812000568.

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AbstractA series of very wide (up to 15 km) raised shore platforms in the Scottish Hebrides are identified and described for the first time and are considered part of a high rock platform shoreline in the western isles of Scotland described by W. B. Wright in his classic Geological Magazine paper a century ago as a ‘preglacial’ feature. Subsequent interpretations suggesting that the platforms were produced during the Pleistocene are rejected here in favour of a speculative hypothesis that the features are part of the well-known strandflat that is extensively developed across large areas of the northern hemisphere. It is argued that the Scottish strandflat developed during the Pliocene and was later subjected to extensive Pleistocene glacial erosion such that only a few areas of platform have survived in the Scottish Inner Hebrides (ice-proximal) while they are well-preserved in the Outer Hebrides (ice-distal). Support for a Pliocene hypothesis is provided by the marine oxygen isotope record for this time interval which points to prolonged periods of relative sea level stability as would be required for the production of such wide features. This hypothesis for the formation of a Scottish strandflat not only provides an elegant explanation for the origin and age of the raised rock platform fragments that occur throughout the western isles of Scotland, but it may also have relevance for other coastal areas of the northern hemisphere (e.g. Norway, Greenland, Alaska) where the strandflat is a well-developed feature.

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15

Meiklejohn, Christopher, Deborah C. Merrett, Richard W. Nolan, Michael P. Richards y Paul A. Mellars. "Spatial Relationships, Dating and Taphonomy of the Human Bone from the Mesolithic site of Cnoc Coig, Oronsay, Argyll, Scotland". Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 71 (2005): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00000967.

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This paper examines the spatial distribution of the human bone sample excavated from the Mesolithic shell midden site of Cnoc Coig on Oronsay in the Inner Hebrides, Scotland. Although no burials were recovered the information from the apparently isolated bone finds has been significant. Two types of bone group are distinguished, one that resembles the widely reported ‘loose bone’ phenomenon that is widely recognised from European Mesolithic sites. The other, represented by two bone groups at Cnoc Coig, is, at this time, restricted to western Scotland. It is dominated by hand and foot bones and appears to represent purposive behaviour. We concentrate our discussion on the latter phenomenon and place it within discussion of the nature of the later Mesolithic in western Scotland.

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16

Ainsworth, Nigel R. y Ian Boomer. "Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic stratigraphy from exploration well L134/5-1, offshore Inner Hebrides, west Scotland". Journal of Micropalaeontology 20, n.º 2 (1 de diciembre de 2001): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.20.2.155.

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Abstract. A thick (c.1368 m) Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic sedimentary sequence from exploration well L134/5-1, offshore Inner Hebrides, has yielded a rich and diverse foraminiferal and ostracod microfauna. Many of the taxa have been previously described throughout northwest Europe. Poor preservation (often due to crushing and/or overgrowth) and low numbers preclude a complete taxonomic review of this material, although changes in the faunal composition, rates of faunal turnover and palaeoenvironmental analyses are discussed. This is the first published account of ostracod and foraminiferal assemblages from the Sea of Hebrides and they indicate that the sediments (argillaceous, arenaceous and carbonates) were deposited in a shelf-marine setting with environmental fluctuations that are possibly the result of local relative sea-level changes.

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17

Ingram, Allan, Pat Rogers, Samuel Johnson y James Boswell. "Johnson and Boswell in Scotland: A Journey to the Hebrides". Yearbook of English Studies 25 (1995): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3508884.

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18

Key, G., A. H. Fielding, M. J. Goulding, R. S. Holm y B. Stevens-Wood. "Ship rats Rattus rattus on the Shiant Islands, Hebrides, Scotland". Journal of Zoology 245, n.º 2 (junio de 1998): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1998.tb00095.x.

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19

Fitches, W. R., N. J. G. Pearce, J. A. Evans y R. J. Muir. "Provenance of late Proterozoic Dalradian tillite clasts, Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 112, n.º 1 (1996): 367–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1996.112.01.20.

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20

Rees, Jan y Charlie J. Underwood. "Hybodont sharks from the Middle Jurassic of the Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 96, n.º 4 (diciembre de 2005): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300001346.

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ABSTRACTNon-marine Bathonian (Middle Jurassic) strata on the Isles of Eigg and Skye in Scotland have yielded fossil remains of eight hybodont shark taxa. Faunas from several horizons within the Lealt Shale and Valtos Formation on the Isle of Eigg include six species: Hybodus grossiconus, Hybodus sp. 1, Hybodus sp. 2, Lissodus leiodus, L. leiopleurus and Parvodus pattersoni. Large collections of teeth of L. leiodus and L. leiopleurus enable a better understanding of the dentitional patterns of the two species and their differential diagnosis. Surface-collecting from exposures of the Kilmalaug Formation on the Isle of Skye yielded hybodont teeth of two taxa: Hybodus sp. 3 and Acrodus caledonicus sp. nov. The occurrence of Acrodus in the Bathonian of Scotland is one of the youngest known occurrences of this genus, and the only non-marine record in the European Jurassic. Collectively, the hybodont assemblages from the Scottish Bathonian provide evidence that non-marine faunas of the group were specifically diverse in the Middle Jurassic.

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21

BARTRIP, PETER. "The Arrival, Spread and Impact of Myxomatosis in Scotland during the 1950s". Scottish Historical Review 88, n.º 1 (abril de 2009): 134–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e0036924109000602.

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Myxomatosis is a highly infectious disease of European wild rabbits. Discovered in the 1890s, it was introduced in Australia in 1950–1 and France in 1952 for the purpose of rabbit control. The French outbreak spread across much of Europe, including most of the United Kingdom. The first Scottish outbreak, started intentionally, occurred near Durris in July 1954. By the end of that year myxomatosis was widespread. Rabbits are not native to Scotland but have been present for centuries. Though long valued for their meat and fur, by the twentieth century they were widely considered serious pests. In 1952 scientists began unsuccessful experiments with myxomatosis in the Hebrides. The history of Scotland's first outbreak is curious in several respects. Not only was the country affected earlier than much of England, owing to the extent of deliberate transmission, but also the decimation of rabbits appears to have been viewed with greater equanimity than elsewhere in Britain. Several Scottish institutions advocated deliberate transmission, as did elements of the press in Scotland; again, this contrasted with other parts of the United Kingdom. Scotland was also prominent in establishing the rabbit clearance societies that some hoped would exterminate a pest whose numbers had been slashed by myxomatosis. To the extent that Scotland was enthusiastic or open-minded about myxomatosis, the explanation probably lies in the demanding and marginal nature of much Scottish farming which meant that rabbit depredation hit Scotland particularly hard. Evidence suggests that the decline in the rabbit population provided short and medium term benefits to Scottish agriculture.

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22

Roberts, Alasdair. "John Gray, André Raffalovich and Father Allan MacDonald of Eriskay". Innes Review 61, n.º 2 (noviembre de 2010): 207–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/inr.2010.0105.

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Two men better known for their links with the cosmopolitan world of Oscar Wilde became involved in a Hebridean church-building project. It may be contrasted with the church in Edinburgh's Morningside district which Raffalovich financed for Gray. Shared priesthood in Scotland links Fr John Gray with Fr Allan MacDonald, whose work in collecting items of Gaelic culture helped to attract support for St Michael's, Eriskay. This paper corrects the misconception that the island's fishing community was impoverished. It also subjects local tradition that a miraculous draught of fish was mainly responsible for funds raised to critical examination. Conversely it shows that the financial contribution made by André Raffalovich, though significant and deserving to be better understood in the Outer Hebrides, was not so important as claimed in Edinburgh. Urban credulity over Second Sight is also featured. Details of church finance, including the late arrival of seat rents in this remote Catholic mission, no doubt have wider application.

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23

Werritty, Alan y David Sugden. "Climate change and Scotland: recent trends and impacts". Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 103, n.º 2 (julio de 2012): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691013000030.

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ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the key evidence for global climate change and outlines the trends of climate change in Scotland, the potential impacts and the implications for policy makers. Human activity is causing a rise in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and there is little doubt that this is contributing to global warming. There is greater uncertainty about how this global trend will play out at a regional scale and also how close we are to climatic tipping points. Instrumental records document the overall trends and variability in Scotland's climate since 1914. These show that since the 1960s, Scotland's average climate has proved to be wetter (especially in the west) and warmer. This trend is expected to continue throughout the 21st Century with, on average, hotter and drier summers and milder and wetter winters. However, extreme events will continue to affect Scotland, as they have always done, and the severity and frequency of these events may increase. Sea levels will continue to rise modestly, especially in the Outer Hebrides and the Northern Isles. Some of the uncertainty in climatic predictions is captured in the probabilistic outputs of Defra's UK Climate Projections 2009 programme. An initial attempt to assess the likely impacts of climate change is provided in Defra's 2012 Climate Change Risk Assessment, which includes a report specific to Scotland. Whilst most of the risks involve negative impacts, with increased flooding and loss of biodiversity being especially adverse, there are also positive impacts with associated opportunities, especially in terms of increased agricultural production and larger numbers of tourists. The report on Scotland will allow different groups of policy makers to refine the risks associated with specific activities. But given the fragile nature of many of the metrics underpinning the report, caution should be exercised in using it to frame climate adaptation strategies.

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24

Mithen, Steven. "Mesolithic sedentism on Oronsay: chronological evidence from adjacent islands in the southern Hebrides". Antiquity 74, n.º 284 (junio de 2000): 298–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00059329.

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Research on the Mesolithic in the west of Scotland has been gathering momentum since the 1980s. Here, Steven Mithen analyses dates for near-by islands and proposes possible settlement models for the Mesolithic.

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25

Clegg, E. J. y J. F. Cross. "Religion and Fertility in the Outer Hebrides". Journal of Biosocial Science 27, n.º 1 (enero de 1995): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000007021.

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SummaryEstimates of fertility in Protestant Barra and Catholic Harris, islands in the Outer Hebrides, over the period 1856–1985, show that in both islands fertility declined, although marital fertility was generally greater than in Scotland as a whole, and illegitimate fertility was less. However, in Barra during 1966–75 there were pronounced rises in all the indices; illegitimate fertility showed the smallest rise. The publication of the papal encyclical Humanae Vitae may have played a part in this change in fertility, although other, probably local, factors must have been acting, as the first rise in numbers of births occurred before the publication of the encyclical. Other than this transient rise, the religious difference between Harris and Barra had little effect on changes in fertility over the whole period.Indices of proportions married showed declines until after World War 2, followed by steep increases. The marked decline in fertility in both islands may be due in part to this low nuptiality. In addition, a trend of occupation away from traditional crofting and fishing towards more skilled mercantile and professional employment may have played a role.

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26

Stanton, David W. G., Jacqueline A. Mulville y Michael W. Bruford. "Colonization of the Scottish islands via long-distance Neolithic transport of red deer ( Cervus elaphus )". Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, n.º 1828 (13 de abril de 2016): 20160095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0095.

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Red deer ( Cervus elaphus ) have played a key role in human societies throughout history, with important cultural significance and as a source of food and materials. This relationship can be traced back to the earliest human cultures and continues to the present day. Humans are thought to be responsible for the movement of a considerable number of deer throughout history, although the majority of these movements are poorly described or understood. Studying such translocations allows us to better understand ancient human–wildlife interactions, and in the case of island colonizations, informs us about ancient human maritime practices. This study uses DNA sequences to characterise red deer genetic diversity across the Scottish islands (Inner and Outer Hebrides and Orkney) and mainland using ancient deer samples, and attempts to infer historical colonization events. We show that deer from the Outer Hebrides and Orkney are unlikely to have originated from mainland Scotland, implying that humans introduced red deer from a greater distance. Our results are also inconsistent with an origin from Ireland or Norway, suggesting long-distance maritime travel by Neolithic people to the outer Scottish Isles from an unknown source. Common haplotypes and low genetic differentiation between the Outer Hebrides and Orkney imply common ancestry and/or gene flow across these islands. Close genetic proximity between the Inner Hebrides and Ireland, however, corroborates previous studies identifying mainland Britain as a source for red deer introductions into Ireland. This study provides important information on the processes that led to the current distribution of the largest surviving indigenous land mammal in the British Isles.

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27

Fyfe, Laura-Jane C., Nick Schofield, Simon Holford, Adrian Hartley, Adrian Heafford, David Muirhead y John Howell. "Geology and petroleum prospectivity of the Sea of Hebrides Basin and Minch Basin, offshore NW Scotland". Petroleum Geoscience 27, n.º 4 (19 de mayo de 2021): petgeo2021–003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo2021-003.

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The Sea of Hebrides Basin and Minch Basin are late Paleozoic–Mesozoic rift basins located to the NW of the Scottish mainland. The basins were the target of small-scale petroleum exploration from the late 1960s to the early 1990s, with a total of three wells drilled within the two basins between 1989 and 1991. Although no commercially viable petroleum discoveries were made, numerous petroleum shows were identified within both basins, including a gas show within the Upper Glen 1 well in Lower Jurassic limestones. Organic-rich shales have been identified throughout the Jurassic succession within the Sea of Hebrides Basin, with one Middle Jurassic (Bajocian–Bathonian) shale exhibiting a total organic carbon content of up to 15 wt%. The focus of this study is to review the historical petroleum exploration within these basins, and to evaluate whether the conclusions drawn in the early 1990s of a lack of prospectivity remains the case. This was undertaken by analysis of seismic reflection data, gravity and aeromagnetic data, and sedimentological data from both onshore and offshore wells, boreholes and previously published studies. The key findings from our study suggest that there is a low probability of commercially sized petroleum accumulations within either the Sea of Hebrides Basin or the Minch Basin. Ineffective source rocks, likely to be due to low maturities (due to lack of burial) and the fact that the encountered Jurassic and Permian–Triassic reservoirs are of poor quality (low porosity and permeability), has led to our interpretation of future exploration being high risk, with any potential accumulations being small in size. While petroleum accumulations are unlikely within the basin, applying the knowledge obtained from this study could provide additional datasets and insight into petroleum exploration within other NE Atlantic margin basins, such as the Rockall Trough and the Faroe–Shetland Basin.

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28

Mackenzie, Fiona Douglas. "A common claim: Community land ownership in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland". International Journal of the Commons 4, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2010): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18352/ijc.151.

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29

Dawson, Sue, David E. Smith, Jason Jordan y Alastair G. Dawson. "Late Holocene coastal sand movements in the Outer Hebrides, N.W. Scotland". Marine Geology 210, n.º 1-4 (septiembre de 2004): 281–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2004.05.013.

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30

Riding, James B., William Walton y David Shaw. "Toarcian to Bathonian (Jurassic) palynology of the Inner Hebrides, Northwest Scotland". Palynology 15, n.º 1 (diciembre de 1991): 115–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01916122.1991.9989393.

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31

Vincent, Alastair J. y Richard V. Tyson. "Organic facies of the Middle Jurassic of the Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Petroleum Geoscience 5, n.º 1 (febrero de 1999): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/petgeo.5.1.83.

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32

Jordan, Jason T., David E. Smith, Sue Dawson y Alastair G. Dawson. "Holocene relative sea-level changes in Harris, Outer Hebrides, Scotland, UK". Journal of Quaternary Science 25, n.º 2 (febrero de 2010): 115–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.1281.

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33

Nicholson, Dr Keith. "Lost & Found: 149. Rocks and minerals from the Outer Hebrides, Scotland". Geological Curator 4, n.º 3 (julio de 1985): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc763.

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Dr Keith Nicholson (Hunterian Museum, The University, Glasgow G12 8QQ), writes: 'I am gathering details of rock and mineral collections, held in museums throughout the UK, which include specimens from any of the islands in the Outer Hebrides. In this I also include the islands of St Kilda, North Rona, Sula Sgeir, the Flannan Isles and Rockall. I would therefore he very interested in details of any specimens from these islands, and the collections, however small, in which they are included.'...

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34

Szuba, Monika. "Archipelagic Scotland: The Poetics of Islands and Island Poetry". Tekstualia 2, n.º 6 (8 de noviembre de 2020): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.5177.

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The essay proposes an exploratory discussion of the signifi cance of the the concept of islands and archipelagos in Scottish poetry. Beginning with a look at Samuel Johnson’s A Journey to the Western Isles of Scotland (1775) and James Boswell’s The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides (1785), the essay recalibrates the notion of remoteness, thus attempting to challenge dominant narratives of the centre and its margins. With an overview of selected poetic representations of the islands of Scotland, the paper aims to offer an insight into the diversity of voices and approaches characterizing Scottish literature, with a brief look at the twentieth-century and twenty-fi rst century Scottish poetry including readings of selected works of such poetic fi gures as Kathleen Jamie, Jackie Kay and Don Paterson.

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35

Borradaile, Graham J. "The internal tectonic fabric of minor intrusions and their potential as regional palaeostress indicators". Geological Magazine 123, n.º 6 (noviembre de 1986): 665–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800024171.

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AbstractA suite of late-tectonic minor intrusive rocks in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland show a well developed internal tectonic fabric. This fabric has a similar orientation in adjacent intrusions and it is usually not seen in the wall rock. It is suggested that the intrusions' tectonic fabric records the effects of palaeostress over the cooling period of the intrusions and thus provides palaeostress trajectories over a geologically short period of time over the area occupied by the swarm of intrusions.

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36

Smith, Andrea N. "Artefacts and the Iron Age of Atlantic Scotland: past, present and future". Antiquity 76, n.º 293 (septiembre de 2002): 808–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091286.

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IntroductionThis paper is concerned with the Iron Age of Atlantic Scotland, a period running from approximately 600 BC until the onset of Viking colonization and influence around AD 800. The definition of Atlantic Scotland for the purposes of this paper is taken to include the north and west of Scotland and its coastline and archipelagos including Shetland, Orkney and the Inner and Outer Hebrides. This area is also defined by the distribution of a particular kind of drystone monumental architecture, variously termed brochs, duns or more recently Atlantic roundhouses (Armit & Ralston 1997: 183–7). These structures are often well preserved, in the case of some standing as towers 10 m in height, and are thus highly visible in the landscape. In Orkney and Shetland brochs and other Iron Age houses often form only one part of a large and complex settlement mound, with both earlier and later settlement and activity dating over millennia on the same site, as at Howe and Pool (Uallin Smith 1994; Hunter et al. 1993).

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37

Hudson, J. D. y J. E. Andrews. "The diagenesis of the Great Estuarine Group, Middle Jurassic, Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 36, n.º 1 (1987): 259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1987.036.01.19.

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38

Ballantyne, Colin K. y Georgina E. Hallam. "Maximum altitude of Late Devensian glaciation on South Uist, Outer Hebrides, Scotland". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association 112, n.º 2 (enero de 2001): 155–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7878(01)80024-9.

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39

Dove, Dayton, Riccardo Arosio, Andrew Finlayson, Tom Bradwell y John A. Howe. "Submarine glacial landforms record Late Pleistocene ice-sheet dynamics, Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Quaternary Science Reviews 123 (septiembre de 2015): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.06.012.

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40

Dove, D., A. Finlayson, T. Bradwell, J. A. Howe y R. Arosio. "Deglacial landform assemblage records fast ice-flow and retreat, Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Geological Society, London, Memoirs 46, n.º 1 (2016): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m46.144.

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41

Owen, N., M. Kent, P. Dale y P. Ramsay. "The vegetation of Kildonan machair. Isle of South Uist, Outer Hebrides, Scotland". Scottish Geographical Magazine 114, n.º 1 (abril de 1998): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00369229818737025.

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42

IMBER, J., R. E. HOLDSWORTH, C. A. BUTLER y G. E. LLOYD. "Fault-zone weakening processes along the reactivated Outer Hebrides Fault Zone, Scotland". Journal of the Geological Society 154, n.º 1 (enero de 1997): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.154.1.0105.

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43

Roy, S. S., A. L. M. Chauvenet y P. A. Robertson. "Removal of American mink (Neovison vison) from the Uists, Outer Hebrides, Scotland". Biological Invasions 17, n.º 10 (24 de junio de 2015): 2811–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-015-0927-y.

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44

PIRRIE, D., M. R. POWER, J. C. Ø. ANDERSEN y A. R. BUTCHER. "Platinum-group mineralization in the Tertiary Igneous Province: new data from Mull and Skye, Scottish Inner Hebrides, UK". Geological Magazine 137, n.º 6 (noviembre de 2000): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800004520.

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In recent years, platinum-group mineral deposits have been reported from several of the Tertiary igneous complexes in East Greenland. These intrusions form part of the same igneous province as the Tertiary igneous centres in northwest Scotland, and recent work confirmed the presence of abundant platinum-group minerals in the Rum Central Complex. In this paper we report for the first time the presence of abundant and diverse platinum-group minerals from the Tertiary Ben Buie intrusion on Mull and the Cuillin Complex of Skye, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. The platinum-group minerals in the Ben Buie intrusion are associated with chromitite layers in ultramafic cumulates. The grains are small (1–2 μm), locally very abundant, and dominated by Pd–Bi–Te–Sb phases. In the Peridotite Series of the Cuillin Complex, the platinum-group minerals are dominated by laurite commonly enclosed within chromite or silicate. A combined orthomagmatic–hydromagmatic origin is proposed for the mineralization. However, the style and type of mineralization differs between each of the igneous centres. Platinum-group element mineralization is a ubiquitous feature of the Tertiary Igneous Province in northwest Scotland and in Greenland and is intimately linked to the regional tectonic setting.

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45

Boyle, P. R., M. A. Collins y G. R. Williamson. "The Cephalopod by-Catch of Deep-Water Trawling on the Hebrides Slope". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, n.º 3 (agosto de 1998): 1023–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044982.

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Deep-water trawling for fish species on the shelf slope off Scotland results in a by-catch of rare cephalopod species. The cirrate octopus Opisthoteuthis grimaldii is normally present below 800 m; at least one other species of cirrate and five species of incirrate octopus are found; significant extensions of range and depth are recorded. An incidental catch of the ommastrephid squid, Todarodes sagittatus, included a fully mature specimen and is indicative of its probable breeding locations. The results highlight the many taxonomic and systematic uncertainties surrounding the rarer cephalopod forms, and emphasize the utility of the fishing by-catch.

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46

Singh, Jaspal Naveel y Tom Bartlett. "Negotiating sustainability across scales". AILA Review 30 (31 de diciembre de 2017): 50–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.00003.sin.

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This paper represents voices of community organizers on Barra, a small island in the Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Although, arguably Barra is geographically and socio-politically located in the peripheries of Scotland, Britain and Europe, the island has been a center of North Atlantic maritime trade networks for centuries. In the current phase of Europeanization and devolution of powers within the United Kingdom, the community finds itself in the position of having to attend to multiple scales: the European Union, the United Kingdom, Scotland and the island itself with its various interest groups. We draw on ethnographic interviews with community organizers that were elicited for the research project Sustainability on the Edge to illustrate some political challenges and possibilities of such scalar realities. We show that community organizers construct a voice that emphasises a historical quality of what it means to live on Barra while inflecting this quality with worldly knowledge that enables access to resources from outside the island. Our findings remind us that centers and peripheries are neither fixed categories that could simply be mapped on geographical visualisations nor notions independent of discursive practice.

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47

Macleod, K., M. P. Simmonds y E. Murray. "Abundance of fin (Balaenoptera physalus) and sei whales (B. borealis) amid oil exploration and development off northwest Scotland". J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 8, n.º 3 (9 de marzo de 2023): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v8i3.720.

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A ship-based line transect survey was conducted during July-August 1998 to assess the distribution and abundance of cetaceans off northwest Scotland. Limited information from dedicated surveys exists for this area and the lack of baseline data is cause for concern given the expanding oil industry in these waters. Historical whaling records show that large numbers of baleen whales, particularly fin and sei whales, were captured in these waters during summer. The waters surveyed included former whaling grounds and currently licensed oil blocks to the west of the Outer Hebrides and the Faroe-Shetland Channel and both fin and sei whales were encountered. Neither species was recorded to the west of the Outer Hebrides whereas relatively high densities of both were recorded further north in the Faroe-Shetland Channel. The density of fin and sei whales was 0.021km–2 and 0.022km–2, respectively. Abundance was estimated as 933 (CV=0.38) fin whales, 1,011 (CV=0.35) sei whales and 1,923 (CV=0.33) ‘large whales’. The high density of whales recorded in the Faroe-Shetland Channel supports the idea that it is an important summer feeding ground for both species and the potential for acoustic disturbance associated with increasing industrialisation of this area is a concern. Factors affecting the distribution and abundance of these whales are discussed.

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48

Selby, Katherine Anne y David Edward Smith. "Holocene Relative Sea-Level Change on the Isle of Skye, Inner Hebrides, Scotland". Scottish Geographical Journal 132, n.º 1 (19 de junio de 2015): 42–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14702541.2015.1051102.

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49

Richards, A. J. y C. C. Ferguson-Smyth. "Taraxacum pankhurstianum(Asteraceae), a new dandelion endemic to St Kilda, Outer Hebrides, Scotland". New Journal of Botany 2, n.º 1 (junio de 2012): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2042349712y.0000000006.

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50

Morton, Nicol. "Dynamic stratigraphy of the Triassic and Jurassic of the Hebrides Basin, NW Scotland". Geological Society, London, Special Publications 62, n.º 1 (1992): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.1992.062.01.10.

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