Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Science to Achieve Results Program (U.S.)"

Problem solving skills are very important in supporting social development. Children with problem solving skills can build healthy relationships with their friends, understand the emotions of those around them, and see events with other people's perspectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of playing unplugged coding programs in improving early childhood problem solving skills. This study used a classroom action research design, using the Kemmis and Taggart cycle models. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-6 years in Shafa Marwah Kindergarten. Research can achieve the target results of increasing children's problem-solving abilities after going through two cycles. In the first cycle, the child's initial problem-solving skills was 67.5% and in the second cycle it increased to 80.5%. The initial skills of children's problem-solving increases because children tend to be enthusiastic and excited about the various play activities prepared by the teacher. The stimulation and motivation of the teacher enables children to find solutions to problems faced when carrying out play activities. So, it can be concluded that learning unplugged coding is an activity that can attract children's interest and become a solution to bring up children's initial problem-solving abilities. Keywords: Early Childhood, Unplugged Coding, Problem solving skills References: Akyol-Altun, C. (2018). Algorithm and coding education in pre-school teaching program integration the efectiveness of problem-solving skills in students. Angeli, C., Smith, J., Zagami, J., Cox, M., Webb, M., Fluck, A., & Voogt, J. (2016). A K-6 Computational Thinking Curriculum Framework: Implications for Teacher Knowledge. Educational Technology & Society, 12. Anlıak, Ş., & Dinçer, Ç. (2005). Farklı eğitim yaklaşımları uygulayan okul öncesi eğitim kurumlarına devam eden çocukların kişilerarası problem çözme becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakülte Dergis. Aranda, G., & Ferguson, J. P. (2018). Unplugged Programming: The future of teaching computational thinking? Pedagogika, 68(3). https://doi.org/10.14712/23362189.2018.859 Arinchaya Threekunprapa. (2020). Patterns of Computational Thinking Development while Solving Unplugged Coding Activities Coupled with the 3S Approach for Self_Directed Learning. European Journal of Educational Research, 9(3), 1025–1045. Arı, M. (2003). Türkiye’de erken çocukluk eğitimi ve kalitenin önemiNo Title. Erken Çocuklukta Gelişim ve Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar. Armoni, M. (2012). Teaching CS in kindergarten: How early can the pipeline begin? ACM Inroads, 3(4), 18–19. https://doi.org/10.1145/2381083.2381091 Aydoğan, Y. (2004). 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Computer Science Education, 28(3), 255–279. https://doi.org/10.1080/08993408.2018.1533297 McClure, E. R., Guernsey, L., Clements, D. H., Bales, S. N., Nichols, J., Kendall-Taylor, N., & Levine, M. H. (2017). Grounding science, technology, engineering, and math education in early childhood. 68. McLennan, D. P. (2017). Creating coding stories and games. Teaching Young Children. McNerney, TimothyS. (2004). From turtles to Tangible Programming Bricks: Explorations in physical language design. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, 8(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00779-004-0295-6 Mittermeir, R. T. (2013). Algorithmics for preschoolers—A contradiction? Montemayor, J., Druin, A., Chipman, G., Farber, A., & Guha, M. L. (2004). Tools for children to create physical interactive storyrooms. Computers in Entertainment, 2(1), 12–12. https://doi.org/10.1145/973801.973821 Pane, J. F. (2002). A Programming System for Children that is Designed for Usability. 204. 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Financial performance is an achievement achieved by a company that can be seen through financial statements. Financial statements can be used as a control, a source of financial information and a representation of the company's performance. The results of financial statement analysis with various sizes of financial ratios can be used as material for evaluating company performance This study aims to determine the effect of family ownership, institutional ownership, and funding decisions on financial performance as measured by the Piotroski F-Score method. The number of samples in this study were 360 companies from the manufacturing sector with sub-sector basic and chemical industry, various industrial sectors and consumer goods listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2017 - 2019. The results of this study indicate that the data can be pooled for 3 years, all classical assumption tests are met and the results of the regression test show that family ownership > 0.05, institutional ownership and funding decisions < 0.05. So it can be concluded that there is not enough evidence of family ownership to have a positive effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, there is sufficient evidence that institutional ownership and funding decisions have a negative effect on financial performance. Keywords: family ownership, institutional ownership, funding decisions, financial performance and Piotroski F-Score. References: Agatha, B. R., Nurlaela, S., & Samrotun, Y. C. (2020). Kepemilikan Manajerial, Institusional, Dewan Komisaris Independen, Komite Audit dan Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan Food and Beverage. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, Vol. 30 No. 7, 1811. Aprianingsih, A., & Yushita, A. N. (2016). 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This study investigated the sustainability practices of two (2) selected publicly-listed higher education institutions in the Philippines that ensure health and well-being. Research and publication, course offerings leading to health professions, and collaborations and health services were used as variables to measure sustainable practices that ensure good health and well-being. On the other hand, sustainable development was chosen to assess the assurance of good health and well-being. This study is based on the theories of health, well-being, sustainable development, and stakeholder theory. The qualitative exploratory research design was used. Data were from the 2020 websites of the respective universities, which contained annual reports, sustainability reports, and other documents. The information from these sources was analyzed using an analytical method. According to the findings, publicly-listed higher education institutions have published several studies on health and well-being in peer-reviewed journals that are either locally or internationally referred locally or internationally or indexed in World of Science (WoS) or Scopus. Nursing, medicine, dentistry, optometry, medical technology, pharmacy, psychology, and social work are among the health-related courses available to train competent and dedicated health professionals. Graduates of these courses will be expected to promote, protect, and treat the physical, mental, social, emotional, environmental, and holistic well-being of others. The analysis of collaborations and health services revealed numerous programs and activities related to networking with other health institutions, health outreach programs, mental health support, and health care services. It develops solutions to improve the health and well-being of university stakeholders using the skills and resources at its disposal. To ensure good health and well-being, stakeholders should collaborate to ensure an integrated and holistic approach to higher education sustainability. To address the study’s limitations, it is proposed that research be conducted using a different approach that links SDG#3 to other SDGs applicable to a university setting.ReferencesAllardt. E. (1989). An updated indicator system: having, leaving, being. working papers 48, Department of Sociology, University of Helsinki.Aleixo, A., Azeiteiro, U., & Leal, S. (2020). Are the Sustainable Development Goals being implemented in the Portuguese higher education formative offer? International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-04-2019-0150Aleixo, A. M., Azeiteiro, U., & Leal, S. (2018). 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Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kepemimpinan transformasional kepala SDN 5 Menteng Palangka Raya yang dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun mampu merubah image sekolah “kumuh” menjadi sekolah kondusif untuk proses belajar dan mengajar. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan rancangan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi, wawancara, dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan pola interaktif data meliputi: reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data yang diperoleh dilakukan dengan menggunakan derajat kepercayaan (credibility) melalui teknik triangulasi baik sumber maupun metode. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepala sekolah transformasional yang fokus dalam berpikir dan bertindak untuk mewujudkan pencapaian visi dan tujuan sekolah yang direalisasikan melalui berbagai program sekolah yang kreatif dan inovatif mampu meningkatkan kualitas sekolah sekaligus meningkatkan citra baik sekolah di mata masyarakat. Abstract: This study aims to describe the transformational leadership of the principal of SDN 5 Menteng Palangka Raya who is able within 3 years to change the image of a "slum" school into a conducive school for teaching and learning. This study used a qualitative approach with case study design. The data collection technique was done by means of observation, interviews, and studi of document. Data analysis using interactive data patterns includes: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Checking the validity of the data obtained is done by using a degree of trust (credibility) through triangulation techniques both sources and methods. The results showed that transformational school principals who focus on thinking and acting to achieve the vision and goals of the school which are realized through various creative and innovative school programs are able to improve the quality of the school as well as improve the good image of the school in the eyes of the community. References: Abu, S, N. (2014). Pembinaan Guru oleh Kepala Sekolah dalam Pengelolaan Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar. Bahana Manajemen Pendidikan, 2(1), 704-712. doi: https://doi.org/10.24036/bmp.v2i1.3816. Arcaro, J. (2007). Pendidikan Berbasis Mutu: Prinsip-Prinsip Perumusan dan Tata Langkah Penerapan. Terjemahan Yosai Triantara.Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. Balyer, A. (2012). Transformational Leadership Behavior of School Principals: A Qualitative Research Based on Teachers’ Perceptions’. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 4(3), 581-591. Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational Leadershiop (2nd Eds). 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Summary Objectives: The growing use of health information technology in operational settings, along with the maturation of the discipline of biomedical informatics, requires reorganization of educational programs in the field. The objective of this paper is to provide a context and description of the biomedical informatics education program at Oregon Health & Science University. Methods: The details of the program are provided. Results: The paper describes the overall program and its component curricula. Conclusions: OHSU has developed a program that caters to the full spectrum of those who will work in the field, allowing education tailored to their career goals and needs. The maturation of Internet technologies also allow most aspects of the program to be delivered on-line. The informatics field must step up to the challenge of educating the best workforce to achieve our goals for the optimal use of HIT.

Abstract The Q & U Bolometric Interferometer for Cosmology (QUBIC) is a novel kind of polarimeter optimized for the measurement of the B-mode polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), which is one of the major challenges of observational cosmology. The signal is expected to be of the order of a few tens of nK, prone to instrumental systematic effects and polluted by various astrophysical foregrounds which can only be controlled through multichroic observations. QUBIC is designed to address these observational issues with a novel approach that combines the advantages of interferometry in terms of control of instrumental systematic effects with those of bolometric detectors in terms of wide-band, background-limited sensitivity. The QUBIC synthesized beam has a frequency-dependent shape that results in the ability to produce maps of the CMB polarization in multiple sub-bands within the two physical bands of the instrument (150 and 220 GHz). These features make QUBIC complementary to other instruments and makes it particularly well suited to characterize and remove Galactic foreground contamination. In this article, first of a series of eight, we give an overview of the QUBIC instrument design, the main results of the calibration campaign, and present the scientific program of QUBIC including not only the measurement of primordial B-modes, but also the measurement of Galactic foregrounds. We give forecasts for typical observations and measurements: with three years of integration on the sky and assuming perfect foreground removal as well as stable atmospheric conditions from our site in Argentina, our simulations show that we can achieve a statistical sensitivity to the effective tensor-to-scalar ratio (including primordial and foreground B-modes) σ(r)=0.015.

Background. Smoking-related disease and injury is prominent among the numerous health problems on the U. S.-Mexico border, but little is known about the methods that might help promote smoking cessation among the low-income populations in this region. Method. Media campaigns were combined with different forms of intensive and community-wide interpersonal communication to encourage smoking cessation in a border U. S. city and in a Mexican city. Panels of moderate to heavy smokers were followed in four groups to allow quasi-experimental comparison of smoking cessation rates. Results. Over a five-year study period smoking cessation rates of 17% (self-reported) and 8% (verified) were observed in panels in the program community (N = 160). In the comparison community (N = 135) corresponding rates of smoking cessation were 7% (self-reported) and 1.5% (verified). Within the program community, no differences were observed in smoking cessation among smokers exposed to a community-wide program and those assigned to receive personal counseling. Discussion. Although the observed changes in smoking were unexpectedly small in the treatment and comparison groups, the approximately 8% effect size for the community-wide program was close to what was predicted. Results indicate that such programs may yield effects similar to those of more intensive approaches, but further research with greater statistical power will be necessary to confirm that point.

This paper explores the effects of root-mean-square turbulence fluctuation velocity (u′) and ignition energy (Eig) on an ignition kernel delay time (τdelay) of lean premixed n-butane/air spherical flames with an effective Lewis number Le ≈ 2.1 >> 1. Experiments are conducted in a dual-chamber, fan-stirred cruciform burner capable of generating near-isotropic turbulence with negligible mean velocities using a pair of cantilevered electrodes with sharp ends at a fixed spark gap of 2 mm. τdelay is determined at a critical flame radius with a minimum flame speed during the early stages of laminar and turbulent flame propagation. Laminar and turbulent minimum ignition energies (MIEL and MIET) are measured at 50% ignitability, where MIEL = 3.4 mJ and the increasing slopes of MIET with u′ change from gradual to drastic when u′ > 0.92 m/s (MIE transition). In quiescence, a transition of τdelay is observed, where the decrement of τdelay becomes rapid (modest) when Eig is less (greater) than MIEL. For turbulent cases, when applying Eig ≈ MIET, the reverse trend of MIE transition is found for τdelay versus u′ results with the same critical u′ ≈ 0.92 m/s. These results indicated that the increasing u′ could reduce τdelay on the one hand, but require higher Eig (or MIET) on the other hand. Moreover, the rising of Eig in a specific range, where Eig ≤ MIE, could shorten τdelay, but less contribution as Eig > MIE. These results may play an important role to achieve optimal combustion phases and design an effective ignition system on spark ignition engines operated under lean-burn turbulent conditions.

One sign of how successfully the educational process is carried out on campus in a university is the timely graduation of students. This study compares the Analytic Hierarchy Clustering (AHC) approach with the K-Medoids method, a data mining technique for categorizing student data based on school origin, region of origin, average math score, TOEFL, GPA, and length study. This study was carried out at University X, which contains a variety of architectural styles. The R department, the S department, the T department, and the U department make up one of them. K-Medoids and AHC techniques Utilize the number of clusters 2, 3, and 4 and the silhouette coefficient approach. The evaluation's findings indicate a value. Although there is a linear silhouette between the AHC and K-Medoids methods, the AHC approach (departments R: 0.88, S: 0.87, T: 0.88, and U: 0.88) has a more excellent Silhouette value than K-Medoids (department R: 0.35, department S: 0.65 number of cluster 2, department T: 0.67 number of cluster 2 and program Study U: 0,52). The results of the second approach, which includes the K-Medoids and AHC procedures, are determined by the data distribution to be clustered rather than by the quantity of data or clusters. Based on this methodology, University X can refer to the grouping outcomes for the four departments with two achievements to receive results on schedule.

The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of extraction conditions on the enzymatic properties of thermoacidic amylase enzyme derived from dragon peel. The studied extraction variables were the buffer-to-sample (B/S) ratio (1 : 2 to 1 : 6, w/w), temperature (−18°C to 25°), mixing time (60 to 180 seconds), and the pH of the buffer (2.0 to 8.0). The results indicate that the enzyme extraction conditions exhibited the least significant (P<0.05) effect on temperature stability. Conversely, the extraction conditions had the most significant (P<0.05) effect on the specific activity and pH stability. The results also reveal that the main effect of the B/S ratio, followed by its interaction with the pH of the buffer, was significant (P<0.05) among most of the response variables studied. The optimum extraction condition caused the amylase to achieve high enzyme activity (648.4 U), specific activity (14.2 U/mg), temperature stability (88.4%), pH stability (85.2%), surfactant agent stability (87.2%), and storage stability (90.3%).

Abstract We present the Local Volume Complete Cluster Survey (LoVoCCS; we pronounce it as “low-vox” or “law-vox,” with stress on the second syllable), an NSF’s National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory survey program that uses the Dark Energy Camera to map the dark matter distribution and galaxy population in 107 nearby (0.03 < z < 0.12) X-ray luminous ([0.1–2.4 keV] L X500 > 1044 erg s−1) galaxy clusters that are not obscured by the Milky Way. The survey will reach Vera C. Rubin Observatory Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) Year 1–2 depth (for galaxies r = 24.5, i = 24.0, signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) > 20; u = 24.7, g = 25.3, z = 23.8, S/N > 10) and conclude in ∼2023 (coincident with the beginning of LSST science operations), and will serve as a zeroth-year template for LSST transient studies. We process the data using the LSST Science Pipelines that include state-of-the-art algorithms and analyze the results using our own pipelines, and therefore the catalogs and analysis tools will be compatible with the LSST. We demonstrate the use and performance of our pipeline using three X-ray luminous and observation-time complete LoVoCCS clusters: A3911, A3921, and A85. A3911 and A3921 have not been well studied previously by weak lensing, and we obtain similar lensing analysis results for A85 to previous studies. (We mainly use A3911 to show our pipeline and give more examples in the Appendix.)

The importance of the ability to develop lesson plans requires educators to be able to understand and master learning content as well as understand various ways to complete it. The learning device information system (SIPP) as one of the results of technology is here to help educators complete this task. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of SIPP in developing learning plans in early childhood education. The research was conducted using a quantitative approach, with descriptive statistical analysis presented in the form of a frequency distribution table. The questionnaire was distributed using a Likert scale, which contains items regarding goal achievement, quality, output, and user response as indicators of effectiveness and contains items regarding the use of time, cost, effort, and use of paper materials as indicators of efficiency. The results showed that the four indicators of effectiveness were met with an average score of 385.8. Efficiency which includes four indicators achieves an average score of 19.3. The availability of components in templates that are adjusted to the applicable provisions and can be used automatically allows users to complete their tasks in a relatively faster time. The availability of components in templates that are adjusted to the applicable provisions and can be used automatically allows users to complete their tasks in a relatively faster time. The conclusion is that SIPP is very effective and efficient for preparing lesson plans so that it can facilitate and save the teacher's time in completing the task. Keywords: learning device information; early childhood education, lesson plan References: Abdurohman, M., Kuspriyanto, Sutikno, S., & Sasongko, A. (2010). Perancangan Aturan Transformasi UML-Systemic dalam Perancangan Embedded System. Jurnal Ilmu Komputer Dan Informasi, 3(2), 91–97. https://doi.org/hhttps://doi.org/10.21609/jiki.v3i2.146 Adnan, K., & Bataineh, A. (2014). 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The effect of treatments with conidial suspensions of Ulocladium atrum and Gliocladium roseum on leaf rot of cyclamen caused by Botrytis cinerea was investigated under commercial greenhouse conditions. Spraying U. atrum (1 × 106 conidia per ml) or G. roseum (2 × 106 conidia per ml and 1 × 107 conidia per ml) at intervals of 2 to 3 weeks during the production period and spraying U. atrum (1 × 106 conidia per ml) at intervals of 4 to 6 weeks resulted in a significant reduction of natural infections of petioles by B. cinerea. U. atrum or G. roseum (1 × 107conidia per ml) was as effective as the standard fungicide program. B. cinerea colonized senesced leaves within the plant canopy and infected adjacent petioles and leaves later. The antagonists colonized senesced leaves and reduced B. cinerea development on these leaves. Thus, the inoculum potential on petioles adjacent to necrotic leaf tissues was reduced. The fate of U. atrum conidia on surfaces of green cyclamen leaves during a 70-day period after application was studied. The number of conidia per square centimeter of leaf surface remained relatively constant during the entire experiment. Sixty percent of the conidia sampled during the experiments retained the ability to germinate. When green leaves were removed from the plants to induce senescence and subsequently were incubated in a moist chamber, U. atrum colonized the dead leaves. Senesced leaves also were colonized by other naturally occurring fungi including B. cinerea. On leaves treated with U. atrum from all sampling dates, sporulation of B. cinerea was significantly less as compared with the untreated control. Our results indicate that early applications of U. atrum before canopy closure may be sufficient to achieve commercially satisfactory control of Botrytis leaf rot in cyclamen.

Abstract Introduction Matching into an orthopaedic surgery residency program presents a challenging accomplishment for applicants to achieve in any given year. Due to the profound changes to the application process caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic it was theorized that there would be a change in the number of graduates matching close to their home medical school region, state, and program. Methods Orthopaedic surgery residency program Web sites and social media accounts were accessed to elucidate current resident data, including graduates' medical school, and geographical location of their school. Chi-square analysis was performed to identify trends in current residents matching within their home program, state, and region associated with the 2021 orthopaedic match. These numbers were compared with previous year's successful applicants. Results In 2021, a significant 4.4% (p=0.02) increase in successful matches within applicants' home states occurred (33.4% vs. 37.8%) and home programs (p<0.001) when compared with previous years (21.2% vs. 27.4%). However, in 2021, there was no significant change in home region matching (p=0.56) with 60% of successful matches occurring in home regions. This was statistically consistent with what was observed in previous years (61.4%). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with restrictions in travel and interview options resulting in a significant increase in the number of orthopaedic applicants who matched into their home program, or at programs in their home state compared with previous years. Although no statistically significant regional change occurred during the 2021 match, it remains the leading predictor of where successful applicants will match. With many unknowns related to the upcoming match cycles it is important for applicants and programs to have a general idea of recent trends and outcomes to best focus their efforts, especially if diversity and minority inclusion are considered in highly competitive specialties like orthopaedic surgery.

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) is a national set of standards put forth by the U. S. Green Building Council in 1994 that was intended to inspire building designers to plan greener, more sustainable buildings. LEED offers up to ten points for improved energy optimization performance. It should be noted that achieving these ten points is time consuming, complex, and expensive. This research is a case study that details the process of using a computer simulation study as a building energy optimizing tool in order to achieve these optional points. Determination is made as to how many LEED points can be obtained when basic strategies such as window performance and day-lighting are integrated into one energy optimized building design. The results show that well-established energy conservation methods achieve as few as two or three LEED energy points, thereby possibly offering a disincentive for designers to attempt this difficult challenge. These fundamental efforts to achieve energy optimized building design are the first steps toward high performance building design and offer a fundamental solution to the substantial, negative environmental impacts caused by buildings today.

This study developed and applied an ecological environmental program based on an integrated curriculum, then examined its effects on character virtues among elementary school students. We achieved this through the following steps. First, we developed the program with a focus on practical arts, such that participants took care of animals and plants that were easily accessible in the classroom. Second, we analyzed how the program impacted their character development. To achieve our research purpose, we developed the program in connection with the 2015 revised integrated curriculum. We then selected two fifth-grade classes from “S” elementary school in the “S” district of Daegu as the experimental and control groups, the former of which received 30 sessions of the environmental education program over an eight-week period. The results were as follows. First, we successfully developed the ecological environmental education program after analyzing and reconstructing the fifth-grade curriculum. Second, the program positively affected the virtues of sincerity, perseverance, stability, cooperation, and respect for life in the experimental group; these participants had time to appreciate life and take care of their own minds by relating to and experiencing the ecosystem. In conclusion, this study developed and applied an ecological environmental education program that allowed elementary school students to directly interact with animals and plants as part of their curriculum. Based on several virtue improvements, this significantly enhanced their character development.

We probed what are the sustainability initiatives of the selected Publicly Listed Companies in the Philippines that are advancing the pursuit of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, particularly on Good Health and Well-Being and Quality Education. Specifically, we mapped the sustainability programs implemented by the sample companies that are aligned with the 17 UN SDGs. We also determined if these UN SDGs are embedded and articulated in their corporate vision-mission statements. Then, we identified the explicit programs that were implemented by the selected firms that are advancing the pursuit of a few specific targets of SDG#3 and SDG#4. We anchored our study on the theories of Sustainable Development and Humanistic Management and used qualitative descriptive and exploratory research designs. We utilized purposive sampling to select the 20 Publicly Listed Companies based on four criteria. We employed content analysis to determine their specific programs from their Sustainability Reports and/or Annual Reports. Our numeral mapping analysis revealed that the average number of implemented programs related to the 17 UN SDGs by the sample corporations is 11(65%). Companies are pursuing all 17 SDGs while some implemented only six programs. Our data further showed that overall, 15 out of 20 (75%) corporations have articulated and embedded the essence of the UN SDGs either in their vision or mission or combined vision-mission statements. On SDG#3, our findings disclosed that all (100%) of the 20 sampled corporations implemented definite programs for "ending epidemics and communicable diseases" with specific reference to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. On SDG#3, our findings divulged that 13 out of the 20 (65%) sampled firms implemented specific programs that directly addressed the target of "achieving health coverage and wellness for all at all ages." 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Abstract Purpose This article investigates the perspectives of ophthalmology residency program directors (PDs) regarding the impact of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 change from graded to pass-fail scoring on ophthalmology resident selection and medical education. Methods The PDs of all United States ophthalmology residency programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education were identified using a public, online database. An anonymous web-based survey constructed using REDCap was emailed to each PD in February 2020. Results Surveys were completed by 64 (54.2%) PDs, with the majority (81.2%) disagreeing with the change to pass-fail scoring. The majority of PDs believe this change will negatively impact the ability to evaluate residency applicants (92.1%) and achieve a fair and meritocratic match process (76.6%), and will decrease medical students' basic science knowledge (75.0%). The factors identified most frequently by PDs as becoming more important in evaluating residency applicants as a result of the Step 1 scoring change include clerkship grades (90.6%), USMLE Step 2 Clinical Knowledge score (84.4%), and a rotation in the PD's department (79.7%). The majority of PDs believe the Step 1 grading change to pass-fail will benefit applicants from elite medical schools (60.9%), and disadvantage applicants from nonelite allopathic schools (82.8%), international medical graduate applicants (76.6%), and osteopathic applicants (54.7%). Conclusion The majority of ophthalmology PDs disagree with the change in USMLE Step 1 scoring from graded to pass-fail and believe this change will negatively impact the ability to evaluate residency applicants and achieve a fair and meritocratic match process, and will decrease medical students' basic science knowledge.

Introduction: Nocturnal enuresis is a common problem affecting 20% of 5-year-old children; its prevalence decreases with age. Nocturnal bedwetting in children younger than 5 is generally accepted by parents and society, but the expectation of parents is that children will achieve a higher degree of responsibility and increased control with age. Some studies have identified maternal distress as a factor associated with childhood urinary incontinence; specifically, maternal stress, maternal depression, and maternal anxiety. The aim of this study was to compare the degree of anxiety (trait and state) among mothers of children with nocturnal enuresis and mothers of healthy children. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, comparative study including two groups: a control group of 25 mothers of healthy children from open population, and an enuresis group of 25 mothers of children with nocturnal enuresis of the pediatric urology clinic of a third-level Mexican Hospital. STAI-T and STAI-S tests were performed and assessed blindly. Quantitative variables were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test, and qualitative determinations using a chi-square test or Fischer’s exact test. Results: The STAI-S and STAI-T tests results identified 14 (56%) mothers of enuretic children with moderate-to-severe trait anxiety versus 4 (16%) mothers from the control group and moderate-to-severe state anxiety in 23 (92%) of the mothers of enuretic children compared to 7 (28%) control-group mothers. The anxiety scores were significantly higher for the enuresis group for both tests: STAI-T: 53.00 ± 8.39 versus 41.52 ± 9.61 (p < 0.001) and STAI-S: 56.48 ± 6.83 versus 43.84 ± 10.57 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Mothers of children with nocturnal enuresis present state anxiety ranging from moderate to severe. In clinical practice, our results indicate that the transitory emotion experienced by mothers of enuretic children cannot be neglected in an enuresis treatment program, state anxiety needs to be evaluated, and psychological interventions need to be implemented.

SOME ASPECTS OF QUALITY OF LIFE OF PEOPLE WITH MENTAL DISABILITIES – PERSPECTIVE OF CASE MANAGEMENT USERS AND PEOPLE IN MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES ABSTRACT This paper presents two perspectives of people with mental disabilities on their perception of quality of life. Main aim of this paper was to develop a deeper knowledge about certain aspects of quality of life of people with mental health disabilities from the perspective of case management users and people in mental health facilities in the geographical area of Zagreb. Aspects of quality of life that we were interested in were: general health (physical and mental), social and environmental aspects (focusing on social transfers mostly). For this purpose, qualitative research approach was selected and data was collected through semi-structured interviews on the total sample of 8 users. Participants of this study were persons in direct contact with mental health facility »Dom za odrasle – Zagreb«. The mentioned mental health facility is providing case management program for their users, and therefore we had four participants from a case management group and four participants that were accommodated in the mental health facility. The results showed significant differences in social functioning, perception of mental health, as well as in environmental domain on behalf of case management users. Physical health is perceived better in mental health facilities. Key words: quality of life; people with mental disabilities; case management; metal health facilities; social work

Abstract Background Antibiotic stewardship program (ASP) implementation is paramount across the healthcare spectrum. Nursing homes represent a challenge due to limited resources, complexity of medical conditions, and less controlled environments. National statistics on ASP for long-term care facilities (LTCF) are sparse. Methods A pilot ASP was launched in August 2016 at a 270-bed nursing home with a 50-bed chronic ventilator-dependent unit. The program entailed a bundle of interventions including leadership engagement, a tracking and reporting system for intravenous antibiotics, education for caregivers, Infectious Disease (ID) consultant availability, and implementation of nursing protocols. Data were collected from pharmacy and medical records between January 2016 and March 2017, establishing pre-intervention and post-intervention periods. Collected data included days of therapy (DOT), antibiotic costs, resident-days, hospital transfers, and Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) rates. Variables were adjusted to 1,000 resident-days (RD) and findings between periods were compared by Mann–Whitney U test. Results A total of 47,423 resident-days and 1,959 DOT were analyzed for this study. Antibiotic use decreased from 54.5 DOT/1000 RD pre-intervention to 27.6 DOT/1000 RD post-intervention (P = 0.017). Antibiotic costs were reduced from a monthly median of US $17,113 to US $7,073 but was not statistically significant (P = 0.39). Analysis stratified by individual antibiotic was done for the five most commonly used antibiotics and found statistically significant reduction in vancomycin use (14.4 vs. 6.5; P = 0.023). Reduction was also found for cefepime/ceftazidime (6.9 vs. 1.3; P = 0.07), ertapenem (6.8 vs. 3.6; P = 0.45), and piperacillin/tazobactam (1.8 vs. 0.6; P = 0.38). Meropenem use increased (1.3 vs. 3.2; P = 0.042). Hospital transfers slightly trended up (6.73 vs. 7.77; P = 0.065), and there was no change in CDI (1.1 s 0.94; P = 0.32). Conclusion A bundle of standardized interventions tailored for LTCF can achieve successful reduction of antibiotic utilization and costs. Subsequent studies are needed to further determine the impact on clinical outcomes such as transfers to hospitals and CDI in these settings. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

R e l e v a n c e . The healthcare management system requires high-quality and rational use of the organization’s workforce, i. e. the skills of employees. The intentional potential of an employee is a set of needs, motives, etc., the «core» of the personality driving it to achieve a meaningful goal. The N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine is a leading multidisciplinary medical institution with an established multi-level system and management culture, the quantitative assessment of the intentional potential of which is of great interest. P u r p o s e : to study the intentional potential of the heads of clinical and scientific departments. M e t h o d s . An anonymous survey was conducted among the heads of the scientific and clinical departments of the N. V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine (2021), including two methods of S. Schwartz: assessment by the level of normative ideals (SVS) and by individual priorities (PVQ). The procedures of centering and ranking by the average values of each valuemotivational type were carried out. Next, the value-intentional consistency (VIC) and the coefficient of value oppositions (Cvo) were investigated. F i n d i n g s . No statistically significant differences in the VIC at the SVS and PVQ levels, as well as no differences in the Cvo at the SVS level in the groups of heads of clinical and scientific departments were revealed. Intrapersonal contradictions between the value oppositions «Security» and «Stimulation» at the PVQ level (p<0.05) were revealed, they are less pronounced in the group of heads of scientific departments. There were also no statistically significant differences in the other oppositions of value orientations of the PVQ level. C o n c l u s i o n s . The presented results can be used as additional factors in the planning and implementation of measures of sociopsychological management of scientific and clinical departments. In the professional selection for the relevant positions, the Cvo indicator is more informative. Differences between the groups of scientific and clinical heads in the «Security – Stimulation» Cvo were shown, the distribution of this indicator tends to be more pronounced among the group of scientific heads.

Purpose: To develop and evaluate the impact of a program of sectional recreational aerobics classes, taking into account the differentiation of physical loads in female students of different motor ages. Materials and Methods. Participants: In the ascertaining experiment, 145 second-year female students were examined, in the formative experiment – 42 female students. The following indicators were measured: biological age (years) using V. P. Voitenko’s method (1991), motor age (years) and the general level of physical conditions (points), heart rate (bpm), heart rate recovery time after 20 squats in 30 s (min, s), the level of physical health (points), physical activity index (c. u.), the level of general physical working capacity (PWC170, kgm ∙ min-1); VO2 max (ml ∙ kg ∙ min-1) – maximal oxygen consumption. The level of motor qualities development: 2,000 m run (min, s), 4×9 m shuttle run (s), standing long jump (cm), sit-ups in 1 min (times), push-ups (times), seated forward bend (cm). Results. The study developed and tested an experimental program of recreational aerobics classes, taking into account a differentiated approach to dosing physical loads in female students of different motor ages. Data factorization revealed a rational combination of means for developing motor qualities: strength endurance – 15.88%, dynamic strength – 12.86%, speed and strength endurance – 8.72%, static endurance – 17.87%, flexibility – 12.69%, speed abilities – 14.66%, and coordination abilities – 17.32%. The study found a moderate negative correlation between motor age and the level of physical health (r = -0.68 at p < 0.01). Three levels of motor age with respect to the levels of physical health were identified. Conclusions. Taking into account female students’ motor age during recreational aerobics classes ensures optimal motor activity and increases the level of physical fitness.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to analyze mediating effect of professor-student interaction in relation of university student’ s academic self-efficacy and instruction particpation, major satisfaction. Methods To achieve this purpose, the study subject were university 1~2 grade 870 student while at G university in J city in gyeong sang nam do question investigation was performanced aimed at this students during 5 days. To measure university student’ s academic self-efficacy, professor-student interaction, instruction particpation and major satisfaction. measurement tool was made existing tool. On this basis, question materal was collected and collected question materal was analyzed using SPSS 25.0 program. Results Result of this study are summarized as follows: First, there were meaningful relation among university student’ s academic self-efficacy, professor-student interaction, instruction particpation and major satisfaction. and university student’ s academic self-efficacy, professor-student interaction effected on instruction particpation and major satisfaction positively. Second, professor-student interaction had part mediator effect in relation of university student’ s academic self-efficacy and instruction particpation, university student’ s academic self-efficacy and major satisfaction. Conclusions This study had meaning to analyze mediating effect professor-student interaction in relation of university student’ s academic self-efficacy and instruction particpation, major satisfaction. On this study, our socity will have to devise various way to reinforce academic self-efficacy and professor-student interaction for university student’ s instruction particpation, major satisfaction’s improvement.

Physical activity increases human health potential and has an impact on achieving a higher quality of life in society. The aim of our research was to determine the relationship between a physically active lifestyle and the quality of life of female students in the context of demographic and social factors (major, age, marital status, professional activity). The research was conducted among a group of 285 women studying physical culture and social sciences in Poznań and Szczecin (Poland). Average age: 22.7 ± 4.90. The standardized World Health Organization Quality of Life—BREF (WHQOL-BREF) questionnaire was used to assess the quality of life of female students, and the original survey technique was used to study the lifestyle of people undertaking physical activity in the context of socio-demographic factors. Nonparametric statistics were applied in the analyses of the results. The effect size was calculated for each test: E2R for the Kruskal–Wallis H test, Glass rank biserial correlation (rg) for the Mann–Whitney U test, and Cramér′s V for the χ2 test. The value of p ≤0.05 was assumed to be a significant difference. In the study, it was shown that a higher overall quality of life and health satisfaction, as well as better results in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains, were achieved by female students who assessed their lifestyle as physically active in comparison to those physically inactive. Higher scores of overall quality of life and satisfaction with health were found among female students of physical education and people participating in physical recreation, who also achieved better results in the environmental domain. Female students aged 23–25 had a higher quality of life in the physical, psychological, and social domains. Having a partner or spouse had a positive effect on the quality of life of female students defined by the social domain. A higher overall quality of life and satisfaction with health were characteristic of people who were employed. In the search of factors positively influencing the quality of life of society, it seems necessary to promote a physically active lifestyle among students. The observed differences in the quality of life and health satisfaction of female students of selected majors require targeted programs and interventions that improve the quality of their lives at various stages of their studies. Such activities increase the health potential of the individual and society, not only in the biological, but also psychosocial dimension.

The article presents an approach to quality control of treatment at the present stage. A trend of today – the use of a medical information system for quality control of the medical and diagnostic process (with special attention paid not to reporting to higher authorities, but to the organization of internal control in a medical organization). Possible tools and benefits are considered. P u r p o s e . Determining the capabilities of Hospital Information System for quality control of medical care. M a t e r i a l s a n d m e t h o d s . We analyzed the requirements of regulatory acts for the control of medical care, as well as the real needs of HIS users. An experiment on the formation of a set of tools for quality control of treatment was carried out using the example of Hospital Information System Interin PROMIS Alpha. We considered the prospects taking into account the results of the research of Ailamazyan Program Systems Institute of RAS in the field of working with clinical data banks. R e s u l t s . General requirements for internal quality control include 5 levels of control. The use of HIS is most in demand in the following areas: compliance with medical care standards, internal control tools (analysis of compliance with clinical recommendations, expert assessment of the quality of treatment, quality and safety of medical activities, format and logic control, etc.) and ensuring patient safety. The use cases of the HIS in these areas are illustrated by the example of the Hospital Information System Interin PROMIS Alpha. The prospects of the development of the direction consisting in transferring the main load from a person to an HIS and in attracting AI technologies and neural networks are considered. F i n d i n g s . The main problems of quality control are the need for the participation of highly qualified specialists and the high complexity of the process. These problems can be solved by shifting the control regulations from «after the fact» to «proactive» and «in real time» by using HIS, as well as involving knowledge-intensive technologies in this process with the involvement of artificial intelligence and neural networks

Context Health care education programs require interprofessional education (IPE) as a curricular requirement to prepare students for collaborative practice upon entrance to the field of health care. However, there are still barriers to integrating IPE, and there is a need for more research regarding athletic training student perceptions and learning from IPE education and how program faculty can overcome barriers to IPE. Objective The purpose of this case report is to examine how program faculty have overcome barriers to IPE within a professional-level, master’s degree–granting athletic training program (ATP) at a small liberal arts institution in the Midwestern United States. In addition, we investigated the students’ perceptions of IPE. Design We examined one ATP and how specific barriers to IPE were overcome, and student perceptions of IPE. Intervention(s) The ATP program faculty developed relationships with 3 different disciplines to develop and host 3 separate workshops. Collaborative workshops were designed with physician assistant, graduate mental health counseling, and undergraduate social work programs. We used the Interprofessional Collaborative Competencies Attainment Survey as a pre- and post-workshop assessment for student perceptions and learning. Results All participants reported higher scores after each workshop with no significant differences between the disciplines. Initial results from each workshop revealed no student benefited more than any of the other students. In addition, program faculty were able to overcome common barriers to achieve planned IPE within the ATP curriculum. Conclusions Health care is a collaborative field, and to ensure patients receive the best care possible, health care students must be educated in collaborative practice. While barriers exist to integrating IPE into health care education programs, faculty who collaborate with one another can overcome these barriers to develop meaningful IPE.

Abstract. Parameterisation of the air–sea gas transfer velocity of CO2 and other trace gases under open-ocean conditions has been a focus of air–sea interaction research and is required for accurately determining ocean carbon uptake. Ships are the most widely used platform for air–sea flux measurements but the quality of the data can be compromised by airflow distortion and sensor cross-sensitivity effects. Recent improvements in the understanding of these effects have led to enhanced corrections to the shipboard eddy covariance (EC) measurements.Here, we present a revised analysis of eddy covariance measurements of air–sea CO2 and momentum fluxes from the Southern Ocean Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) study. We show that it is possible to significantly reduce the scatter in the EC data and achieve consistency between measurements taken on station and with the ship underway. The gas transfer velocities from the EC measurements correlate better with the EC friction velocity (u*) than with mean wind speeds derived from shipboard measurements corrected with an airflow distortion model. For the observed range of wind speeds (u10 N = 3–23 m s−1), the transfer velocities can be parameterised with a linear fit to u*. The SOAP data are compared to previous gas transfer parameterisations using u10 N computed from the EC friction velocity with the drag coefficient from the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) model version 3.5. The SOAP results are consistent with previous gas transfer studies, but at high wind speeds they do not support the sharp increase in gas transfer associated with bubble-mediated transfer predicted by physically based models.

Compressed natural gas stations serve customers who have chosen compressed natural gas powered vehicles as an alternative to diesel and petrol based ones, for cost or environmental reasons. The interaction between the compressed natural gas station and electricity grid requires an energy management strategy to minimise a significant component of the operating costs of the station where demand response programs exist. Such a strategy when enhanced through integration with a control strategy for optimising gas delivery can raise the appeal of the compressed natural gas, which is associated with reduced criteria air pollutants. A hierarchical operation optimisation approach adopted in this study seeks to achieve energy cost reduction for a compressed natural gas station in a time-of-use electricity tariff environment as well as increase the vehicle fuelling efficiency. This is achieved by optimally controlling the gas dispenser and priority panel valve function under an optimised schedule of compressor operation. The results show that electricity cost savings of up to 60.08% are achieved in the upper layer optimisation while meeting vehicle gas demand over the control horizon. Further, a reduction in filling times by an average of 16.92 s is achieved through a lower layer model predictive control of the pressure-ratio-dependent fuelling process.

Abstract The VIDAS® Listeria monocytogenes Xpress (LMX) test is an enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay designed for use with the automated VIDAS or mini-VIDAS instruments for the specific detection of L. monocytogenes using a 26 h proprietary enrichment broth. The VIDAS LMX method was validated according to harmonized AOAC Research Institute (RI) and Official Methods of Analysis guidelines in both the AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM (PTM) and GovVal programs. In the PTM comparison studies, the VIDAS LMX method was compared to the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Food Safety and Inspection Service Microbiology Laboratory Guidebook, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual, and AOAC Official Methods. The comparative food studies consisted of two main parts: internal testing and AOAC independent laboratory testing, which included seven food matrixes (deli ham, processed cheese, vanilla ice cream, cooked shrimp, smoked white fish, frozen spinach, and peanut butter). As part of the AOAC RI GovVal program, the VIDAS LMX method was compared to the Health Canada MFHPB-30 method for the detection of L. monocytogenes in five ready-to-eat (RTE) meats (hot dogs, deli turkey, deli ham, fermented sausage, and liver paté). Twenty replicates of each inoculation level and five uninoculated controls were evaluated in each study. The LMX method also included the use of chromogenic media, chromID™ Ottaviani Agosti agar and chromID™ L. mono. agar, for confirmation of LMX presumptive results. In both the PTM and GovVal evaluations, there were no significant differences in the Chi-square values for the LMX method when compared to reference methods. The additional parameters tested in the PTM evaluation (inclusivity, exclusivity, ruggedness, stability, and lot-to-lot) satisfied the AOAC RI performance requirements. In both the PTM and GovVal validation studies, the VIDAS LMX method demonstrated reliability as a rapid qualitative method for next-day detection of L. monocytogenes in a variety of foods, including RTE meats.

Abstract In this paper, we report a robust measurement of the morphology, color, and galaxy size dependences of the stellar–halo mass relation (SHMR) at the high-mass end (1011.3 M ⊙ < M ⋆ < 1011.7 M ⊙) at redshift z s ∼ 0.6. 3 3 Throughout the paper, we use z s for redshift and z for the z-band magnitude. Applying our method, Photometric objects Around Cosmic webs (PAC), developed in a previous work to Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and Hyper Suprime-cam Subaru Strategic Program observations, we measure the excess surface density ( n ¯ 2 w p ( r p ) ) of satellites around massive central galaxies with different morphologies indicated by the Sérsic index n. We find that more compact (larger n) central galaxies are surrounded by more satellites. With the abundance matching method, we estimate the halo mass for the central galaxies and find that it increases monotonically with n, solid evidence for a morphology dependence of the SHMR. Specifically, our results show that most compact galaxies (n > 6) have a halo mass around 5.5 times larger than disk galaxies (n < 2). Similarly, using the effective radius R e and the rest-frame u − r color, we find that red (large) galaxies reside in halos that are in average 2.6 (2.3) times more massive than those hosting blue (small) galaxies.

We explored the sustainable business practices of selected Philippine corporations that promote the quest for peace. We used three key indicators of sustainable business practices, namely, fostering economic development, espousing corporate citizenship, and respecting the rule of law, as our variables to measure our sustainable business practices construct. On the other hand, we adopted sustainable development and sound business environmental our variables to measure the quest for peace construct. We assumed that sustainable business practices and quest for peace are interlinked and mutually reinforcing. We anchored our study on the Theories of Positive Peace, Sustainable Development, and Humanistic Management. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We used the qualitative exploratory research design and the holistic multiple case study research strategy. We selected through the non-probability purposive sampling technique, the 20 Publicly - Listed Companies in the Philippines. We then, utilized the monomethod as the data collection technique for selecting the Sustainability Reports published in 2018 and uploaded in the websites of the respective corporations. With this deductive approach, we specifically adopted the pattern matching analytical procedure in the process of our content analysis of information from the Sustainability Reports. Results on fostering economic development revealed numerous jobs created, training and development, as well as trade and business development programs and activities executed. Analysis on espousing corporate citizenship disclosed many programs and activities related to encourage the use of voice from the firm, community engagement, and governance implemented. Findings on respecting the rule of law showed also various programs and activities that cover compliance with Philippine laws, international laws, and environmental standards. Findings also indicated that the nexus of sustainable business practices and the quest for peace aims to build companies of enduring greatness by doing good and working toward a sustainable future. In conducting responsible business, they were able to help in attaining positive peace in our coun try, which, in return, is essential for sustainable development, as manifested by their significant contribution in achieving sustainable development/growth, working closely with regulators to achieve shared goals; and protecting the environment and preserving natural resources. We recommend that there should be a coordinated effort of all the stakeholders to ensure that there is an integrated and holistic approach in the sustainability of the business sector to promote positive peace.We also propose to undertake further research on employing quantitative approach by using business, financial, and socio-economic indicators to address the limitations of this study. ReferencesBoulding, E. (2000). Cultures of peace: The hidden side of history. Syracuse University Press. Brauch, H. G., Oswald Spring, U., Grin, J., Scheffran, J. (Ed.). (2016). Handbook on sustainability transition and sustainable peace. Springer.Cortright, D. (2009). Peace: A history of movements and ideas. Cambridge University Press.Creswell, J. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications.Edralin, D. & Pastrana, R. (2019). Sustainability initiatives and practices of selected top universities in Asia, Europe, and USA. Bedan Research Journal. 4, April, 24-45.Elkington, J. (2018, June 25). 25 years ago I coined the phrase “triple bottom line.” Here’s why it’s time to rethink it. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2018/06/25-years-ago-i-coined-the-phrasetriple-bottom-line-heres-why-im-giving-up-on-it.Ercoşkun, Ö.Y. (2005). Sustainable city plans against development plans. Gazi University Journal of Science, 18(3): 529-544.Ford, J. (2015). Perspectives on the evolving “Business and Peace: Debate”. Academy of Management Perspective,29(4). https://doi.org/10.5465/amp.2015.0142Forrer, J., &Katsos, J. (2015). Business and peace in the buffer condition. Academy of Management Perspectives, 29(4), 438-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amp.2013.0130Forrer, J., Fort, T., & Gilpin, R. (2012). How business can foster peace.Washington, DC: United States. Institute of Peace. https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/SR315.pdfFort, T. L. (2007). Business, integrity, and peace: Beyond geopolitical and disciplinary boundaries. Cambridge University Press.Fort, T.L., & Schipani, C.A. (2001, November). The role of the corporation in fostering peace (William Davidson Institute Working Paper No. 422). https://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/handle/2027.42/39806/wp422.pdf?sequence=3Fort, T.L., & Schipani, C.A. (2003). Corporate governance and sustainable peace: Intra-organizational dimensions of business behavior and reduced levels of violence. Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law, 36(2), 367-386.Fort, T., & Schipani, C. (2004). The ecological challenges of war: The natural environment and disease. In the Role of Business in Fostering Peaceful Societies (pp. 183-222). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511488634.007Fort, T.L., & Schipani, C.A. (2007). An action plan for the role of business in fostering peace. American Business Law Journal, 44(2), 359-377.Friedman, M. (1970, September). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine, 33, 122-126.Galtung, J. (1969). Violence, peace, and peace research. Journal of Peace Research. 6(3), 167–191.Galtung, J. (1996). Peace by peaceful means: Peace and conflict, development and civilisation. International Peace Research Insitute.Galtung, J., Jacobsen, C., & Brand-Jacobsen, K. F. (2002). Searching for peace: The road to TRANSCEND. Pluto Press. Global Compact, United Nations. (2006). What is the Global Compact? https://www.unglobal compact.org/aboutInstitute for Economics & Peace (2018, October). Positive peace report 2018: Analysing the factors that sustain peace. http://visionofhumanity.org/reportsKirbassov, G. (n.d.). Peace and sustainable development: A two-way relationship (PositionPaperand Policy Recommendations). https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/getWSDoc.php?id=3533Leonardsson, H., & Gustav,R. (2015).The ‘local turn’ in peacebuilding: A literature review of effective and emancipatory local peace building. Third World Quarterly, 36(5), 825-839. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2015.1029905Lüdeke-Freund, F. (2010) Towards a conceptual framework of ’business models for sustainability'. In R. Wever, J. Quist, A. Tukker, J. Woudstra, F. Boons, N. Beute (Eds.), Knowledge collaboration & learning for sustainable innovation. Academic Press.Mac Ginty, R. (2012). International peacebuilding and local resistance: Hybrid forms of peace. Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230307Martinez-Soliman, M. (2017) Sustainable Development and Sustaining Peace, UNDP, Bureau for Policy and Promotional Support.Mele, D. (2013). Antecedents and current situation of humanistic management. African Journal of Business Ethics, 7(2), 52-61. https:// doi.org/10.4103/1817-7417.123079Oetzel, J., Westermann-Behaylo, M., Koerber, C. et al. (2009). Business and peace: Sketching the terrain. 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The sustainability–peace nexus in the context of global change. Sustain Science, 14(6), 1467–1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s11625-019-00737-1Von Kimakowitz, E., Spitzeck, H., Pirson, M., Dierksmeier, C., Amann, W. (Eds.) (2011). Humanistic management in practice. Palgrave Macmillan.Walsh, J. P. (2005). Book review essay: Taking stock of stakeholder management. Academy of Management Review, 30(2), 426–452.World Commission on Environment and Development / Brundtland Commission (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our common future. Oxford University Press.Yin, R. (2009). Case study research: design and methods (4th ed.). Sage Publications.

The article highlights the results of an empirical research of the Self-concept as a factor of forming the health attitude of the individual. The theoretical foundations of the concept of responsible health attitude as a position of the individual, which determines the reactions and volitional actions of a person to health factors to optimally combine his personal capabilities and the environment to achieve general well-being. The paper also mentions three levels of person`s health attitude, namely: individual level, health attitude at the group level and at the level of society. Thus, the highlighted research is aimed at exploration the individual`s health attitude, which includes the assessment of the subject`s own health, his/her actions aimed at health, and so on. In addition, the theoretical part of the article contains an overview of the phenomenon of Self-concept of personality, which is a set of all person ideas about themselves, its two poles – positive (harmonious) and negative (non-harmonious) Self-concept. It is emphasized that such a sum of all ideas of a person affects his functioning in all spheres of life, which, as a consequence, determine the quality of his/her life, establish habits and patterns of thinking, including about health and lifestyle. The results of the empirical research of the Self-concept of personality as a factor in shaping the health attitude of the individual are presented in this article. The research was conducted on the basis of several higher education institutions in Vinnytsia among student youth. The sample of the research was 226 of higher education applicants. For this purpose, psychodiagnostic techniques were used: «Individual typological questionnaire by L. Sobchik (ITQ)»; «Self-concept clarity» by J. Campbell (SCC); «Test-questionnaire of self-attitude» by V. Stolin, S. Panteleev»; questionnaires «Health Attitude Index» by S. Deriabo, V. Yasvin and «Attitude to health» (author R. Berezovskaya). The results of the formative experiment with the main group of applicants showed that with help of a specially designed program for the development of a positive Self-concept of personality, it is possible promote the formation of a responsible health attitude. While the results of the ascertaining experiment of the 1st and 2nd order with the control group of applicants were without significant changes. In particular, the training program helped to harmonize the personality of applicants, increase their self-esteem and increase the level of clarity of self-concept, which, in turn, affected their attitude to themselves, their health, increased responsibility not only for their psychological well-being, but also for somatic health, which depends on a person`s lifestyle.

Introduction: Adding developmental networks (DN) to grant-writing coaching can significantly enhance ESIs’ research careers. Herein, we present study design, ESIs’ characteristics and encountered challenges/lessons learned and their resolutions when deploying/implementing (a) NCR algorithm(s), (b) recruitment/retention and (c) implementing DN intervention. Methods: Nested Cluster Randomization (NCR) design governs this study implementation. The sample size is 220 ESIs intending to submit an NIH K, R, U, and/or Minority Supplement application(s). Primary outcome: intensity/sustainability of grant submission(s)/funding(s), measured by time to/between application(s). Outcome(s) analyses modes: summaries, Kaplan Meir and Cox proportional hazard models as a function of randomization groups and other predictors of outcomes. Results: In the present study, we recruited two cohorts of ESIs (N = 85): 39% African Americans, 18% Latinx, 18% Whites, 20% Asians and 6% Hawaiian/Pacific Islander/other ethnicities; 65% are women; 73% are assistant professors, 4% are Associate Professors and 23% are instructors/scientists/post-doctoral. Participants’ disciplines: 32% basic/biomedical, 36% clinical/translational and 32% social/behavioral. Proposal(s) mechanisms: 61% research grants (R series), 31% career development (K series), 7% support of competitive research (SCORE) and 1% National Science Foundation applications. NCR did produce balance in the distribution of ESIs’ demographics, sex at birth, ethnicity, professional appointments, background disciplines, and mechanism of sought funding. Lessons learned/challenges: NCR implementation was methodologically challenged during implementation by added constraints (e.g., assigning coaches to the same randomization arm of their participants as well as blinding them to ESIs’ randomization group). Recruitment and retention were hampered by the COVID-19 pandemic and more progressive and innovative strategies were needed to heighten the visibility and outreach of this program. DN delivery was also affected by the pandemic and monitoring of ESIs’ engagement and facilitation of communications interventions were needed. Resolution of these challenges effectively reconfigured NCR algorithms, recruitment/retention plans, and DN intervention delivery. We intend to recruit an additional 135 ESIs focusing on underrepresented scholars from RCMIs, CTSAs, and other programs. COVID-19 rendered this program 100% virtual, with recruitment/retention challenges and substantial disruption of ESIs’ research. We may extend the grant writing period, coaching, and Mock Study Section support.

Abstract The Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E), a field program jointly led by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, was conducted in south-central Oklahoma during April–May 2011. MC3E science objectives were motivated by the need to improve our understanding of midlatitude continental convective cloud system life cycles, microphysics, and GPM precipitation retrieval algorithms. To achieve these objectives, a multiscale surface- and aircraft-based in situ and remote sensing observing strategy was employed. A variety of cloud and precipitation events were sampled during MC3E, of which results from three deep convective events are highlighted. Vertical structure, air motions, precipitation drop size distributions, and ice properties were retrieved from multiwavelength radar, profiler, and aircraft observations for a mesoscale convective system (MCS) on 11 May. Aircraft observations for another MCS observed on 20 May were used to test agreement between observed radar reflectivities and those calculated with forward-modeled reflectivity and microwave brightness temperatures using in situ particle size distributions and ice water content. Multiplatform observations of a supercell that occurred on 23 May allowed for an integrated analysis of kinematic and microphysical interactions. A core updraft of 25 m s−1 supported growth of hail and large raindrops. Data collected during the MC3E campaign are being used in a number of current and ongoing research projects and are available through the ARM and NASA data archives.

Several advantages of multihull, such as catamaran, have been extensively discussed in the previous research. Therefore, this research focuses on developing a catamaran hull form for the fish processing vessel hull. The initial stage is determining the principal dimension and exploring the configurations of catamaran hull forms. The existing high-speed craft catamarans have been adopted to determine the parent model main dimensions using a linear regression equation model. Otherwise, the catamarans single demi-hull geometry was developed by converting and modifying the parent model hull form with enlarging the hull displacement to achieve the deadweight capacity and service speed requirements. The demi-hull spacing configuration with s/L 0.17, s/L 0.20, s/L 0.30, and s/L 0.40 on the resistance characteristics, intact stability, and sea-keeping behaviour were also explored. Furthermore, the comparisons with the previously proposed monohull were presented. Regarding the hull resistance performance, the analysis indicated that the catamaran hull form had better total resistance characteristics than the monohull on the service speed over 23 knots. In the case of intact stability, the analysis results presented that the catamaran hull form has better intact stability characteristics than the monohull. The dynamic stability of the catamarans also gave better dynamic stability at the heeling angle below 41.57°. Otherwise, the catamarans with s/L 0.17 and s/L 0.20 have lower dynamic stability than the monohull at the heeling angle larger than 41.57° and 58.03°, respectively. In the sea-keeping performance, the catamaran hull has shown an excellent rolling motion required for the offshore environment loading/unloading process. The large demi hull spacing of the catamarans hull can reduce the effect of the wave creating load on the roll motion response at the Beam Sea.

Objective(s): Assess the effectiveness of osteoporosis prevention instruction program on nursing college students’knowledge at Baghdad University.Methodology: A quasi-experimental design was used to assess the effectiveness of osteoporosis preventioninstruction program on nursing college students at University of Baghdad from April 2011 to September 2011. Arandom sample consisted of (40) females students from first year of Nursing College \ Baghdad University. The datawas collected by using constructed questionnaire, which consists of three parts. Part one: consists of demographicinformation and health characteristics .Part two: consists of students’ daily life behaviors which include, dietarybehaviors, and sport behaviors. Part three: consists of questions regarding students’ knowledge about osteoporosis,it contains three domains which are: Domain I: Anatomy and physiology of bones. Domain II: Nutritional elementsthose are necessary for bones building. Domain III: Osteoporosis. Reliability of the questionnaire is determinedthrough the pilot study and the validity through a panel of (14) experts. Descriptive statistical analysis proceduresand inferential statistical analysis procedures were employed for data analysisand all the statistical procedures weretested at P value ≤0.05.Results: The results revealed that 6 of 9 dietary behaviors of the students was good and the knowledge of thestudents concerning osteoporosis was low before implementation of the program but after implementation of theinstruction program the knowledge of the students are highly improved. The effectiveness of the program is notaffected by demographic characteristics and daily life behaviors, that means the program can be implemented for allfemales students and achieve the objectives of the program. Recommendations: The study recommended that science curriculums at all educational levels (pre-school,elementary, high school, college, and nursing schools) should be developed to address risk factors and preventivebehavioral health lifestyle related to osteoporosis. Future researches on osteoporosis prevention should focus on ayounger population, namely adolescents, to improve their knowledge of osteoporosis early enough to influence theirself-efficacy for their health lifestyle behavioral changes.

In this paper, texts were experimentally transmitted by pulse width modulation (PWM) using an underwater wireless optical communication system (UWOC) in a channel containing water of varying salinity as a result of changes in the concentration of sodium chloride (NaCl). Mathematical equations are used using a MATLAB program to compare theoretical and practical results at different slop angle (θ0). (NaCl) concentration was changed from (0% w/v) to (90% w/v) to achieve different salinity of water (i.e., from clear water to turbid water). A diode laser with a power of 30 mW and a wavelength of 532 nm has been employed in the transmitter. The experimental results show that the extinction coefficient or the overall attenuation C(λ) is equal to (0.083/m) in the water containing a low concentration of (NaCl) which is consistent with pure seawater. Additionally, the obtained optical power (PR) and the signal to noise ratio (S/N) decreases to (27.6) mW and (23.99) dB, respectively. Furthermore, it was found that the water had a maximum total attenuation C(λ) equal to (2.565/m) in the water containing a high concentration of (NaCl) which was compatible with turbid harbour water, as well as the received power and (S/N) decreases to (2.306) mW and (13.2) dB, respectively. The theoretical results were similar to the practical results when the slope angle of the target or detector relative to the optical transmitter was (zero).

Based on the information published in a number of primary documents (in particular, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, the Program of International Scientific, Technical and Innovative Cooperation in 2006-2020, the 14th five-year Plan of Economic and Social development, etc.. The article analyzes the progress and results of the innovative development in China, as well as the goals and objectives of the country in this aspect until 2035. The author shows that China has been actively and consistently striving for an innovative breakthrough for decades as an opportunity to achieve leadership in the world economy, and has already recorded a number of achievements in this area. But the problem of China remains largely the continuing innovative and technological dependence on both Western countries and the Russian Federation. This is a serious deterrent for China - both in the technological and innovative spheres, as well as in the socio-economic system and foreign trade activities. At the same time, it is important for China to ensure sustainable and long-term development. In this regard, the main point of the state development programs in China is the task of becoming a &quot;technologically self-sufficient&quot; state, creating its own developments independently. To this end, China seeks to promote international scientific, technical and innovative cooperation as an equal, not a &quot;junior&quot; partner, as an innovator, not as an importer.

Software is an integration of numerous programming modules&nbsp; (e.g., functions, procedures, legacy system, reusable components, etc.) tested and combined to build the entire module. However, some undesired faults may occur due to a change in modules while performing validation and verification. Retesting of entire software is a costly affair in terms of money and time. Therefore, to avoid retesting&nbsp;of entire&nbsp;software, regression testing is performed. In regression testing, an earlier created test suite is used to retest the software system&#39;s modified module. Regression Testing works in three manners; minimizing test cases, selecting test cases, and prioritizing test cases. In this paper, a two-phase algorithm has been proposed that considers test case selection and test case prioritization technique for performing regression testing on several modules ranging from a smaller line of codes to huge line codes of procedural language. A textual based differencing algorithm has been implemented for test case selection. Program statements modified between two modules are used for textual differencing and utilized to identify test cases that affect modified program statements. In the next step, test case prioritization is implemented by applying the Genetic Algorithm for code/condition coverage. Genetic operators: Crossover and Mutation have been applied over the initial population (i.e. test cases), taking code/condition coverage as fitness criterion to provide a prioritized test suite. Prioritization algorithm can be applied over both original and reduced test suite depending upon the test suite&#39;s size or the need for accuracy. In the obtained results, the efficiency of the prioritization algorithms has been analyzed by the Average Percentage of Code Coverage (APCC) and Average Percentage of Code Coverage with cost (APCCc). A comparison of the proposed approach is also done with the previously proposed methods and it is observed that APCC &amp; APCCc values achieve higher percentage values faster in the case of the prioritized test suite in contrast to the non-prioritized test suite.

Raman spectroscopy is widely applied as an in-situ probe of electrochemical processes. When the excitation light is resonant with an electronic transition, the detected signal can be enhanced by more than 1,000-fold. Resonance Raman (RR) spectroscopy has broad application in the study of common organic electron transport mediators (i.e., viologens, phenazines, photosynthetic pigments) and active sites of redox proteins (i.e., laccases, peroxidases, flavin-containing enzymes). To support investigations of bioelectrocatalytic membranes, we have been adapting RR spectroscopy to gain insights into the properties of immobilized redox mediators and biocatalyst active sites.1,2 Computational methods can be useful for guiding spectral interpretation. This poster reports on applications of recently advanced time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) codes that enable the simulation of RR spectra for small electron transport mediators (e.g., methyl viologen radical anion) and redox protein active site models (e.g., laccase T1 site mimics). The ORCA program suite3 was adapted. A series of Cu-centered compounds that model the T1 active site in laccases was studied along with the methyl viologen radical cation. The T1 site in laccases facilitates direct electron transport to an electrode and is a target for in-situ RR measurements. The reported work demonstrates careful selection of the functional (B3-LYP versus the long-range corrected hybrid exchange functional, ωB97X-D3) results in TDDFT-calculated electronic absorption and RR spectra that have features in excellent agreement with experiment. The results provide a foundation to build from in advancing models of small redox mediators and laccase catalytic active sites in support of sustainable technologies. Ozuguzel, U.; Aquino, A.J.A.; Nieman, R.; Minteer, S.D.; Korzeniewski, C. “Calculation of Resonance Raman Spectra and Excited State Properties for Blue Copper Protein Model Complexes” ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2022, 10, 14614. Xu, J.; Koh, M.; Minteer, S. D.; Korzeniewski, C. “In Situ Confocal Raman Microscopy of Redox Polymer Films on Bulk Electrode Supports” ACS Measurement Science Au 2023 (DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00064). Neese, F.; Wennmohs, F.; Becker, U.; Riplinger, C. “ORCA Quantum Chemistry Program Package” J. Chem. Phys. 2020, 152, 224108.

There is a growing awareness in the scientific research community of the role that zoological institutions can play in the conservation of threatened or endangered species. Zoos themselves have changed and become more focussed on the contributions they can make to regional conservation objectives, driven in part by the "World Zoo Conservation Strategy" published in 1993. Perth Zoo has committed itself to this strategy and established a collaborative scientific research program with Conservation and Land Management (CALM), WA, to develop captive breeding techniques for a number of Western Australian native species. To achieve this objective, the zoo has established a sub-program known as the Native Species Breeding Program. This consists of 6 specialist keepers who are charged with developing specialised skills in captive husbandry of selected species, and the implementation of research projects. All of the species under study are part of recovery plans, and many of the species are being produced for release under the objectives of those plans and as part of CALM&apos;s "Western Shield Project". Mammal species under study are the Numbat, Chuditch, Dibbler, Djoongari (Shark Bay Mouse) and the Wopilkara (Greater Stick Nest Rat). Currently, Chuditch, Numbats and Djoongari bred in captivity have been the subject of re-introduction programs. The results of these breeding programs and the subsequent releases of selected species into different habitats in Western Australia will be presented, along with a discussion of the issues which relate to the limitations of captive breeding as a conservation tool.

The authors discuss the sci-tech libraries in historical aspect; these libraries make the key element of the national system of sci-tech information and information services and support national science and technology. They follow the dynamics of building the network of research institutions and special sci-tech libraries that replaced technical, factory and company libraries. The role of the USSR State Public Library for Science and Technology (USSR SPLS&T) is highlighted: during the Soviet era it was the country’s head sci-tech library, the main methodological center for technological libraries, interdepartmental coordinator of user services, collection development, interlibrary loan, and translation of scitech literature. The authors emphasize the importance of the national regulation of sci-tech library and information services, and their development through building the state system of sci-tech information. The authors also examine the goals of t he S PLS&T U SSR a s a research institution in the area of library and bibliographic studies; SPLS&T supported the unity of efforts within the system. The authors analyze the implementation of the national sci-tech program; within the framework of the program, the RNPLS&T acts as the head agency of the Automated System of the Russian Union Catalog in science and technology and provides for interaction of sci-tech library network and sci-tech information institutions in using the databases by associated members. The authors substantiate the need for the new national system of sci-tech information based on the laws and regulations adopted in the recent decades. They analyze the results of 2023 All-Russian monitoring of sci-tech libraries and sci-tech information centers; evaluate the capacities of sci-tech libraries for supporting corporate projects, scitech professionals and researchers.

Water shortage is a global problem. It is predominantly visible in the agricultural sector and in farming communities. Togo is not an exception in this regard because some rural agricultural communities do not have access to water but rely on distance conveyance. Government is under constitutional obligation to supply water in rural areas to boost crop production off rain seasons especially. Can Government Water subsidy improve smallholder farmers&rsquo; nutrition? This study, therefore, aims at investigating the impact of Government Water Supply (GWS) on the household of Kara agricultural region in Togo. A two-stage sampling procedure was employed to collect panel data during 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 cropping seasons. Different from previous studies, robust fixed effects regression is used to model the effect of government water subsidy. The core findings reveal that water subsidy improves farm household&rsquo;s nutrition. The results also indicate that subsidized water influences available per capita calories per day, household&rsquo;s months of good nutrition, and the probability of being well nourished from own production of cereals and legumes but has statistically insignificant effects on household annual consumption expenditure. The results provide several valuable insights from the policy point of view. A water supply subsidy program has a higher and better influence on the maximum good nutrition, bringing up the question of whether targeting households in the lowest food crops production percentiles give value for money to achieve the goal of sustainable nutrition.

The main purpose of this study was to bridge the gap between how scientists practice and how students learn science. To achieve this, an innovative student-centered curriculum was designed to teach 42 undergraduate students. The program involved scaffolding activities, an interactive computer simulation, and reflection on scientific modeling criteria to address the students’ difficulties in reasoning at the microscopic level and the scientific evaluation of their models during their development of an explanatory model of magnetism. To address the students’ difficulties in reasoning at the microscopic level and the scientific evaluation of their models during their development of an explanatory model of magnetism, the program involved scaffolding activities, an interactive computer simulation, and reflection on scientific modeling criteria. The results of the study indicated that more than half the students developed scientific and coherent microscopic N-S dipole models to explain observed magnetic phenomena, and students’ understanding of the nature of models was significantly enhanced after the instruction. This study contributes to modeling theory and the methods that can help students self-develop scientific models of magnetism as opposed to rote learning. Key words: explanatory models, magnetism, modeling, scientific inquiry, undergraduate students.

B a c k g r o u n d . This article examines the influence of religious organizations in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war and analyzes their activities in resisting Russian aggression. Considering the importance of socio-religious relations in crises, this article reveals new aspects of the activity of religious organizations in Ukraine. The purpose of this study is to analyze the activities of religious organizations on Ukraine's territory during the Russian Federation's military aggression. Tasks include the analysis of socio-religious relations in the context of war, the study of humanitarian and peace-making activities of religious organizations, and proposals for forming state policy in the sphere of socio-religious relations. The object of the research is the activity of religious organizations on the territory of Ukraine in the conditions of military aggression of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The research focuses on the influence and role of religious organizations in resisting the Russian occupation, particularly in the analysis of socio-religious relations during the Russian-Ukrainian war. In the study context, two main areas of activity of religious organizations are considered – humanitarian and peacekeeping. The main task is the study of the influence of these organizations on public resistance to the aggressor, as well as the formation of proposals for the development of state policy mechanisms in socio-religious relations. M e t h o d s . This study uses an analytical approach, structural analysis and empirical methods. The analytical approach is used to analyze socio-religious relations and their impact on the situation in the conditions of military aggression. The structural analysis allows us to investigate religious organizations' humanitarian and peace-making activities. Empirical methods are used to collect and analyze factual data regarding the role of religious organizations in opposing the aggressor. The case study method or the method of specific situations was used to study specific cases of successful activities of religious organizations in crises. R e s u l t s . Analyzing the activities of religious organizations, it was found that they play an essential role in public resistance to the aggressor. Religious organizations are actively engaged in humanitarian and peacekeeping activities, assisting internally displaced persons, evacuated citizens, and informing the world about Russian aggression. C o n c l u s i o n s . The study confirms the importance of public mobilization and humanitarian activities of religious organizations in crises. In order to achieve successful results in the fight against the enemy, the state must promote the development of religious activities and provide conditions for their humanitarian and peacekeeping work. This article can be helpful for teachers and students of courses in political science, sociology, cultural studies, religious sociology, security and conflict studies who are interested in the study of socio-religious relations, public resistance in crises and the role of religious organizations in conflicts.

The precise path-tracking control of tractors and trailers is the key to realizing agricultural automation. In order to improve the path-tracking control accuracy and driving stability of orchard traction spraying robots, this study proposed a navigation path-tracking control algorithm based on Double Deep Q-Network (Double DQN). Drawing on the driver’s driving experience and referring to the principle of radar scanning and the principle of image recognition, a virtual radar model was constructed to generate a virtual radar map. The virtual radar map was used to describe the position relationship between the traction spraying robot and the planned path. Combined with the deep reinforcement learning method, all possible robot driving actions under the current virtual radar map were scored, and the best driving action was selected as the output of the network. In this study, a path-tracking algorithm was self-developed with a deep Q-network trained by driving the traction spraying robot in a simulated virtual environment. The algorithm was tested in both simulations and in a field to follow a typical ‘U’-shaped path. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm was able to achieve accurate path-tracking control of the spraying trailer. The field tests showed that when the vehicle speed was 0.36 m/s and 0.75 m/s, the maximum lateral deviation of the algorithm was 0.233 m and 0.266 m, the average lateral deviation was 0.071 m and 0.076 m, and the standard deviation was 0.051 m and 0.057 m, respectively. Compared with the algorithm based on the virtual radar model, the maximum lateral deviation was reduced by 56.37% and 51.54%, the average lateral deviation was reduced by 7.8% and 5.0%, and the standard deviation was reduced by 20.31% and 8.1%, respectively. The results showed that the Double-DQN-based navigation path-tracking control algorithm for the traction spraying robot in the orchard had higher path-tracking accuracy and driving stability, which could meet the actual operational requirements of traditional orchards.

Eating habits develop during the first years of a child's life, children learn what, when, and how much to eat through direct experience with food and by observing the eating habits of others. The aim of this study is to get a clear picture of the Eating program Healthy, starting from the planning, implementation, supervision, and evaluation as a case study of nutrition education; to get information about the advantages, disadvantages and effects of implementing a healthy eating program for children. This research was conducted through a case study with qualitative data analysed using Miles and Huberman techniques. Sample of children in Ananda Islāmic School Kindergarten. The results showed the Healthy Eating program could be implemented well, the diet was quite varied and could be considered a healthy and nutritious food. The visible impact is the emotion of pleasure experienced by children, children become fond of eating vegetables, and make children disciplined and responsible. 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The fertility of the recipient is one of the more important factors conditioning the success of an embryo transfer (ET) program. Selection and management of recipients is a very important contributing factor to achieve high pregnancy rates (Stroud and Hasler 2006 Theriogenology 65, 65–76). From a reproductive point of view, a good recipient is a cow capable of receiving an embryo and taking it to term (Palma et al. 2001 Biotecnologia de la reproduccion, INTA). In beef and dairy cattle, recipients are categorized according to number of births, age, and condition score (Stroud and Hasler 2006). A retrospective analysis was done to confirm a relationship between recipient category, based on their physiologic and reproductive stage, and pregnancy rates. The analysis was done during January and February (2006–2007) based on data recovered from an embryo transfer program done in Chubut province (Patagonia) for the project ‘Polo Genetico Angus’ (Angus Association – Chubut government agreement). Two hundred and seven morulas and/or blastocysts, quality 1 or 2 frozen in 1.5 m ethylene glycol (IETS manual), were transferred randomly in 10 different farms. Embryos were thawed for 10 s at room temperature and 30 s in a water bath at 35°C and transferred by one single technician. Angus, Hereford, or its breeds were used as recipients. A reproductive exam was performed before embryo transfer and, based on it, recipients were classified into 4 categories: heifer (3–4 years old), lactating cow, weaned cow, and dry old cow (Table 1). The synchronization protocol used for recipients consisted of a single administration of D-cloprostenol and heat detection twice a day for 5 days. Data were analyzed by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test (chi-square). Results are shown in Table 1. There is a significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) in pregnancy rates among categories. Recipients with higher pregnancy rates were lactating cows and weaned cows 61.6% and 56.9%, respectively, compared to heifers, 45.3%; a lower pregnancy rate was founded in the dry old cows group. Dry cows were animals that failed to get pregnant during the last season. Heifers also were animals that failed the artificial insemination program. In both groups, the reduced fertility may explain their lower pregnancy rates. In conclusion, selection toward fertility of recipients is a very important factor to take into account to design a successful embryo transfer program. Table 1. Pregnancy rates for recipient categories in an ET program in Chubut (Patagonia), Argentina This research was supported by Centro Genetico Bovino Eolia.