Tesis sobre el tema "Schizofrenia"
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Lundblad, Camilla y Fanny Lundgren. "Kvalitetsindikatorer vid schizofreni : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Uppsala University, Caring Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-105267.
Texto completoBakgrund: Schizofreni är en sjukdom som drabbar cirka 1 % av befolkningen, men en evidensbaserad, effektiv behandling med få biverkningar saknas. Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att kartlägga kvalitetsindikatorer som utgör grunden för en god omvårdnad av patienter med schizofreni. Syfte: Att sammanställa och belysa kvalitetsindikatorer som förväntas säkerställa en god kvalitet i omvårdnad och bemötande av patienter med schizofreni. Design: Litteraturstudie Metod: Litteraturstudie av 17 vetenskapliga artiklar, en review-artikel samt fyra debattartiklar om behandling av schizofreni, som analyserats och kvalitetsgranskats för att kunna belysa vilka faktorer som utgör kvalitetsindikatorer vid omvårdnad av patienter med schizofreni. Resultat: Kvalitetsindikatorer vid omvårdnad av patienter med schizofreni är ett holistiskt synsätt där patienten står i centrum och vården ges av välutbildade vårdgivare. Patienten ska erbjudas möjlighet att vara aktiv i sin behandling. Behandlingsmetod ska väljas och/eller kombineras efter patientens individuella behov och önskemål samt syfta till att involvera anhöriga i vårdprocessen. Slutsats: Det finns många omvårdnadsmetoder för schizofreni, vilken som ger bäst effekt varierar då diagnosen är mycket individuell. Det är viktigt att vårdgivare i samråd med patienten anstränger sig för att finna den metod som passar individen bäst.
Background: Schizophrenia is a psychiatric diagnosis which affects about 1 % of the population. However, there is no evidence based effective treatment with limited side-effects available. This literature review seeks to clarify quality indicators which constitute the basis for a good treatment and care for patients with schizophrenia. Aim: To compile and illuminate quality indicators expected to guarantee good quality of the care and treatment received by patients with schizophrenia. Design: Literature study. Methods: For this review 17 scientific articles, one review and four papers on the subject of treatment of schizophrenia were analyzed and quality examined in order to illuminate the factors which constitute the basis of quality indicators for good treatment and care for patients with schizophrenia. Results: Quality indicators in caring for patients with schizophrenia constitute a holistic, patient centered approach. The caregivers are well educated and the patient is encouraged to take an active part in the treatment. The method of treatment should be chosen and/or combined in accordance with the patient’s individual needs and wishes. It also aims to include close relations in the caring process. Conclusion: There are many methods of treatment available for schizophrenia. It is however a very individual diagnosis, and which treatment gives the best effect varies from case to case. It is important that caregivers, while including the patient in the process, strive to find the method most suited to the individual.
FERRONI, FRANCESCA. "Identità corporea e performatività dello spazio peripersonale nella schizotipia e schizofrenia". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1239491.
Texto completoAnomalies of self-experiences have been associated with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. It has been proposed that the weak basic sense of self (‘minimal self’), the disturbed implicit bodily functioning and the disruption of intercorporeal attunement with others are manifestations of a disturbed bodily self in schizophrenia (Sz). This altered basic sense of self, strictly related to self-recognition and self-other discrimination impairments, have been linked to deficits in multisensory integration mechanisms. One of the basic experiences of self concerns the sense of body-ownership (BO) which is not only associated with body parts but also with the face, a crucial cue for self-identity allowing to distinguish the self from the others and in differentiating others. Sz is characterized by deficits in one’s own and others’ face recognition, as well as by a disturbed BO. Thus, the aim of the first study here presented was to integrate these lines of research investigating the Enfacement Illusion (EI) proneness in Sz. Results showed how EI induced the expected malleability of Self-Other boundary among both controls and patients; interestingly, it also demonstrated how Other-Other boundary is influenced by EI, suggesting how EI is not only confined to self-sphere but it also affects the way we discriminate others. The second study adds important new evidence in the context of the bodily self in Sz, focusing on the implicit bodily self processing, operationalized in the so-called self advantage effect (SAeff, a faster sensory motor mental rotation with self than others’ body-parts in a laterality judgment task). Results showed the absence of the SAeff in Sz revealing a specific alteration in the sensorimotor processes of self body parts, suggesting a potential distorted motor nature of the minimal self. Another crucial aspect shaping our sense of self is bodily self-awareness, the feeling of being a bodily self in space (spatial self). This experience depends on multisensory integration occurring within the portion of space surrounding our body, Peripersonal Space (PPS). PPS is not fixed, rather it dynamically shapes through motor experiences (e.g. after a tool-use). Moreover, the size of PPS largely varies across people depending on several individual characteristics, including schizotypy (St). However, little is still known about the relationship between PPS plasticity and personality traits. To this aim, we investigated PPS plasticity after two different motor trainings (i.e. after using a tool and after observing someone else using the tool), in participants along the St continuum. Results showed PPS expansion after tool-use, whereas absence of PPS expansion emerged after the observation task. Moreover, we found greater PPS expansion in the relatively-low St group than in the relatively-high one, regardless of the type of motor training performed. These results underline a potential general functional alteration of PPS with the increase of St level. Taking into account the idea of a dynamic continuum ranging from St to full-blown psychosis, it is reasonable to hypothesize a lesser malleability of PPS boundaries in Sz. No studies until now have investigated this functional aspect of PPS in Sz. Hence, this represents the focus of the last study that illustrates the preliminary results on Sz patients, constituting another relevant contribution to our understanding of the spatial self in psychopathology. Taken together, all this evidence enriches the current state of the art of the minimal self disorder in Sz, empirically supporting the idea of a fragile self, which shatters into a variety of small pieces that enclose multiple interrelated bodily aspects.
Czech, Kasper. "Skuteczność metody neurofeedback w leczeniu zaburzeń poznawczych u osób chorych na schizofrenię paranoidalną". Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/5272.
Texto completoMinutolo, Giuseppe. "L'ossido nitrico in pazienti schizofrenici trattati con antipsicotici tipici ed atipici". Thesis, Università degli Studi di Catania, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/223.
Texto completoINTRODUCTION: The hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) can exert a pathogenetic role in psychiatric disorders has been supported by several evidence in the literature, but the manner in which attribute value to diagnostic / therapeutic of finding these changes yet been not well clarified. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The naturalistic observational study involved 25 patients with schizophrenia and 25 healthy controls of both sexes. Were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID-II) for personality assessment and the PANSS (Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale) for assessing the size of positive, negative and general psychopathology of schizophrenia. Since blood sampling was performed the determination of nitrite and nitrate. The patients were all treated at baseline: olanzapine (OLA) 5-15 mg/day (n=9 pz), haloperidol (ALO) 3-10 mg/day(n=8 pz), risperidone (RSP) 2-6 mg/day (n=8 pz). RESULTS: The values of nitrate in schizophrenic patients were 30.92 à ± 6.05 M, while in healthy controls was recorded 26.78 à ± 6.31 M (p = 0.025). In intra-group comparison between patients in treatment: 38.9 à ± 2.77 M (ALO), 31 à à ± 1.08 M (RSP), 25.04 à ± 6.05 M (OLA), with a highly significant difference ( p <0.001). The scores of the PANSS were directly related to the alterations of NO: ALO vs. RSP: p = 0.006; ALO vs OLA: p <0.001 vs OLA RSP: p <0.001. CONCLUSIONS: The hypothesis that the levels of NO were related to presence of schizophrenia was confirmed by our research that shows statistically significant difference (p = 0.025) between patients and healthy controls in circulating levels of nitrates. Some drug treatments seem to normalize these alterations, with increased evidence for second-generation antipsychotics.
Lobaccaro, Luigi <1992>. "Ai confini del senso. La schizofrenia tra semiotica, psicopatologia e scienze cognitive". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10237/1/Ai%20confini%20del%20senso_Luigi%20Lobaccaro.pdf.
Texto completoSchizophrenia represents one of the greatest enigmas for human knowledge: its aetiology is unknown, as its biological and neurological basis. It is even unclear what happens in the sufferers' experience, who seem to live in another world. The lack of knowledge of the schizophrenic experience and the distance between this experience and common sense have led many scholars to define this disorder as illogical, irrational, and senseless. On the contrary, the present work shows how the schizophrenic world of meaning alters, does not disintegrate; it changes, does not dissolve. The investigation is situated in an interdisciplinary framework where Semiotics, the discipline that accounts for systems and processes of signification, dialogues with phenomenological psychopathology and contemporary cognitive sciences. The inquiry is developed by taking into account several autobiographical texts of schizophrenic patients, psychiatric reports, newspaper articles, movies and novels on this subject. The leading hypothesis is that it is possible to understand schizophrenia as a constitutively semiotic problem, represented by a radical metamorphosis of meaning production and interpretation. So the bet we made is that Semiotics can contribute to understanding how our culture conceptualises schizophrenia, and the ways in which people with schizophrenia make sense of the world. Therefore, the thesis investigates the links between schizophrenia and culture, the history of the nosographic concept, and the alterations of the signification processes in disorganised speech, autobiographical narratives, and delusions, providing valuable tools for clinical practice.
Seidel, Stanisław. "Funkcjonowanie w sferze ekonomicznej chorujących na schizofrenię". Doctoral thesis, Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/9836.
Texto completoBerardi, Giuseppe. "Caratterizzazione neurofisiologica e analisi del segnale neuronale dopaminergico in un modello animale di schizofrenia". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4687/.
Texto completoPARDU, ALESSANDRA. "Prepulse inhibition come strumento diagnostico per lo studio del comportamento impulsivo-aggressivo nella schizofrenia". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266685.
Texto completoDalla, Costa Eva. "Funzioni cognitive nello spettro schizofrenico e bipolare". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423633.
Texto completoVi sono crescenti evidenze a favore di una compromissione neurocognitiva nei disturbi schizofrenici; tali disfunzioni sono state osservate anche nei disturbi bipolari, ma con dati ancora contrastanti. In entrambe le patologie, il funzionamento neurocognitivo è un importante indicatore di esito e può rappresentare un marker specifico di vulnerabilità di malattia. Sono ancora pochi gli studi che hanno confrontato il profilo e il grado di compromissione cognitiva nei due spettri patologici, soprattutto in fase di stabilità clinica. In questo studio abbiamo confrontato pazienti stabili dal punto di vista psicopatologico con diagnosi di spettro schizofrenico (n.46), di spettro affettivo-bipolare (n.53), controlli sani (n.45) e familiari di I grado non affetti (n.10); i soggetti sono stati valutati con scale psicometriche per la psicopatologia e il funzionamento globale, e con una batteria di test neuropsicologici per l’assetto neurocognitivo. Abbiamo riscontrato differenze significative sia dei pazienti dello spettro schizofrenico sia dello spettro bipolare, rispetto ai controlli sani, per quanto riguarda la performance cognitiva, che è apparsa non correlata all’età di esordio e alla durata di malattia. E’ emerso un pattern condiviso di compromissione neuropsicologica, di grado lievemente meno severo di disfunzione nello spettro bipolare: sono infatti state riscontrate solo lievi differenze di tipo quantitativo tra i due gruppi diagnostici. Tale dato avvalora l’ipotesi secondo cui le maggiori patologie psichiatriche condividono meccanismi neurali di base in un continuum psicotico
scupola, nadia. "CLUSTER NEUROPSICOLOGICI IN PAZIENTI CON DIAGNOSI DELLO SPETTRO BIPOLARE E SCHIZOFRENICO". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3426667.
Texto completoPresupposti dello studio Disturbo bipolare e schizofrenia sono malattie psichiatriche complesse e invalidanti, nelle quali il tradizionale approccio categoriale della nosografia psichiatrica entra in continuo dibattito in relazione alle più recenti scoperte nei campi della neurobiologia, della genetica, della neuropsicologia e del brain imaging. La schizofrenia è da molti anni al centro dell’interesse della ricerca in ambito psichiatrico, ma solo in tempi recenti gli studi hanno confrontato il disturbo schizofrenico con il disturbo bipolare e hanno considerato queste patologie in un’ottica di spettro e di continuum. In particolare, gli aspetti neurocognitivi di queste malattie rivestono oggi un’importanza crescente sia perché indicatori, ancor più della sintomatologia positiva, dell’outcome funzionale, sia perché possibili markers endofenotipici di vulnerabilità alla patologia. Tuttavia, piuttosto che un singolo profilo cognitivo corrispondente a ciascuna categoria diagnostica, studi recenti hanno identificato una significativa variabilità intra- e cross-diagnostica nei pazienti che presentano disfunzioni cognitive. Scopo dello studio In un campione di pazienti con diagnosi di spettro schizofrenico, di spettro affettivo-bipolare stabili dal punto di vista psicopatologico, e in un campione di controlli sani e familiari di I grado non affetti, è stata eseguita una valutazione neurocognitiva, mediante un’apposita batteria di test neuropsicologici. L'obiettivo di questo studio è quello di contribuire alla letteratura sull'eterogeneità cognitiva nei disturbi dello spettro schizofrenico e bipolare identificando i subprofili cognitivi in una popolazione di pazienti con diagnosi di disturbo schizofrenico e disturbo bipolare. Il presente studio si propone pertanto di: 1. Determinare affinità e differenze nelle performance neuropsicologiche in pazienti appartenenti allo spettro schizofrenico e bipolare, in fase di stabilità clinica, rispetto a soggetti di controllo e familiari di I grado dei pazienti non affetti da patologia psichiatrica; 2. Indagare eventuali correlazioni della performance cognitiva con alcune variabili cliniche come l’età, l’età di esordio e la durata di malattia; 3. Indagare la presenza di eterogeneità cognitiva nei disturbi dello spettro schizofrenico e bipolare identificando i subprofili cognitivi nella popolazione patologica e procedere con un’analisi dei cluster. Metodi e materiali Sono stati presi in considerazione un campione di 38 pazienti schizofrenici e 50 pazienti bipolari in fase di stabilità clinica, afferenti al Dipartimento di Salute Mentale Ospedale di Conegliano ULSS-7, e un campione di 51 controlli sani e 10 familiari di I grado non affetti. Tutti i soggetti sono stati sottoposti a valutazione neurocognitiva mediante la somministrazione di una batteria neuropsicologica di test tratti dall’Esame Neuropsicologico Breve (ENB) e mediante il test Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Ai pazienti sono state somministrate delle scale psicometriche (BPRS, VGG, PANSS, HAM-D, HAS, YMRS) al fine di valutarne lo stato clinico. Risultati Abbiamo riscontrato differenze significative sia dei pazienti schizofrenici sia dei pazienti bipolari, rispetto ai controlli sani e ai familiari, per quanto riguarda la performance cognitiva, che è apparsa non correlata all’età, all’età di esordio e alla durata di malattia. E’ emerso un pattern condiviso di compromissione neuropsicologica, di grado lievemente meno severo di disfunzione nei pazienti bipolari: sono infatti state riscontrate solo lievi differenze di tipo quantitativo tra i due gruppi diagnostici, tranne per la Memoria con interferenza 30 sec. che ha raggiunto una significatività statistica. Le prestazioni ai tests neuropsicologici non correlano con età, età di esordio e durata di malattia: i deficit sono presenti sin dall’esordio e rimangono relativamente stabili durante il decorso della malattia. I due fattori identificati con l’analisi fattoriale, raggruppano i tests che misurano le funzioni cognitive di due domini cognitivi, entrambi compromessi nei due gruppi patologici, ovvero: Funzioni esecutive (Fattore 1) e Attenzione (Fattore 2). Nello specifico i tests che determinano il FATTORE 1 sono: Memoria di prosa immediata e differita, Fluenza verbale, TMT B e Digit span backward; mentre i tests che identificano il FATTORE 2 sono: Memoria con interferenza 10 sec. e 30 sec., TMT A e TMT B. Conclusioni In questo studio emerge un quadro di compromissione delle funzioni cognitive nei pazienti dello spettro schizofrenico-bipolare. In accordo con i risultati di altri studi presenti in letteratura, il nostro riscontro si pone come conferma dell’ipotesi secondo cui le maggiori patologie psichiatriche condividono meccanismi neurali di base in un continuum psicotico. L’identificazione di alterazioni cognitive specifiche potrebbe rappresentare un passo cruciale nell’individuare cluster neuropsicologici nei disturbi dello spettro schizofrenico-bipolare.
GUBBINI, ALESSANDRO. "Contributo del trasportatore del glutammato GLT-1 alla regolazione dell'elaborazione dell'informazione ed implicazioni per la fisiopatologia della schizofrenia". Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242371.
Texto completoVENTRIGLIO, ANTONIO. "Studio dei polimorfismi recettoriali e dei livelli plasmatici e della terapia long-acting in pazienti affetti da schizofrenia". Doctoral thesis, Università di Foggia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11369/363324.
Texto completoIntroduction: growing evidences show possible associations between SNPs of receptors for dopamine, serotonin and glutamate and clinical outcomes of antipsychotic therapy. Moreover, plasma concentrations of antipsychotics may help clinicians to manage therapies and their dosages on the base of patient’s metabolism (tailored therapy). Methods and materials: 84 patients affected by schizophrenia and receiving antipsychotic long-acting therapies (Paliperidone, Risperidone, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole) have been enrolled (T0) at University of Foggia and followed at 3 (T1) and 6 (T2) months employing clinical rating scales (PANSS, BPRS, CGI). Personality tests (NEO, TCI), cardiometabolic measurements, genetic analyses for the SNPs of receptors DRD2 and GRM3 and plasma concentration measurements of antipsychotic therapies have been performed. Results: significant association between GRM3 rs274622 and patients’ clinical outcome (measured at PANSS and BPRS) has been found. Also, GRM3 rs274622 is associated with self-directedness at TCI whereas GRM3 rs1468412 e DRD2 rs6277 are associated to agreeableness and openness to experience at NEO. GRM3 rs1468412 is associate to higher levels of serum lipids and higher waist circumference. Plasma concentrations of any antipsychotics are related to prolactin serum levels as well as higher psychiatric morbidity is associated to treatment with long- acting risperidone. Conclusions: this study confirms the association between genetic variability and clinical outcomes in patients affected by schizophrenia and treated with antipsychotic medications. In particular, data suggest an involvement of glutamate in the clinical response to antipsychotic therapies.
PERLINI, Cinzia. "Studio con risonanza magnetica del giro temporale superiore e delle sue sottoaree nella schizofrenia: rilevanza per le dimensioni neurolinguistiche". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Verona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/337352.
Texto completoBackground: Language disturbances, such as impoverishment, disorganization and dysregulation, are prominent features of schizophrenia. These deficits have been described in patients both in term of thought disorders and schizophasia (dysphasia-like impairments such as neologism, clanging, unintelligible utterance). Moreover, phonetics, access to the lexicon and sometimes syntax are clearly impaired, along with pragmatic deficits (impaired affective/linguistic prosody, theory of mind, non literal expressions comprehension). In the last decades, researches carried out with neuroimaging techniques have suggested the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and its sub-areas, Heschl’s gyrus (HG) and planum temporale (PT), as essential components of the fronto-temporal network involved in speech perception and production. Also, they have highlighted structural abnormalities in HG and STG (especially the left side) and an inversion of PT asymmetry in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls. Such anatomical findings could be linked to language disturbances described in schizophrenia. Aim of the study: To compare STG, HG and PT volumes, PT lateralization index and linguistic/pragmatic dimensions in a sample of patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia and healthy controls; to investigate correlations between volumes and linguistic/pragmatic indices. Methods: Fifty-eight patients with schizophrenia (mean age±sd: 40.60±11.58; duration of illness: 13.92±10.79; 40 males, 18 females; all right-handed; all Caucasian) and 59 healthy controls (mean age±sd: 40.69±11.10; 32 males, 27 females; all right-handed; all Caucasian) underwent 1.5 T structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI). Superior temporal gyrus, HG and PT were manually traced and volumes were calculated using the BRAINS2 software. Narrative, conversational and syntactic comprehension tasks were used to evaluate linguistic skills, while a pragmatic comprehension test was used to assess the ability to understand non literal aspects of language (metaphors and idioms). A partial correlation was used to investigate the link between volumes and linguistic/pragmatic indices. Results: As regards STG, HG and PT volumes, any differences was found between patients and healthy controls. When groups were stratified by sex, a left PT volume loss and a reduced right to left asymmetry was found only in the female patients compared to females controls (PT volume: F=4.54, p= 0.04; PT asymmetry index: F=4.69, p=0.04; ANOVA, age and intracranial volume as covariates). As regards language, patients with schizophrenia showed a widespread impairment of linguistic and pragmatic indices, especially regarding speech fluency, syntactic complexity and diversity, lexical diversity, syntactic rules understanding and non-literal expression comprehension (p<0.01, MANOVA with age, sex and educational level as covariates). Furthermore, distinct language dimensions differently correlated with STG-HG-PT volumes in patients with schizophrenia and controls, particularly with regard to speech fluency, syntactic measures and metaphor/idiom comprehension (p<0.01, partial correlation with age and duration of illness as covariates). Conclusion: This study has highlighted structural anomalies in the PT in females patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy females. Also, several linguistic and pragmatic deficits have been found in patients with schizophrenia compared to controls. Furthermore, distinct correlations between volumes and linguistic indices in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls suggest a complex neuroanatomical substrate for language dimensions in healthy humans and in schizophrenia patients. In addition, such results suggest the importance to plan studies separately for males and females (and for left-handers/right-handers) in order to reduce the role of confounding variables. Further studies with larger samples should clarify whether these anatomical sex differences in language networks could result in different linguistic abilities.
Bertolin, Cinzia. "Caratterizzazione genetico-molecolare di un campione di soggetti affetti da disturbi dello spettro schizofrenico/bipolare provenienti da Chioggia". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425523.
Texto completoAloi, Pietro. "Intelligenza Artificiale e salute mentale: nuovi strumenti per la diagnosi ed il trattamento dei disturbi dello spettro autistico e della schizofrenia". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23770/.
Texto completoCASTELLANO, FILIPPO. "Funzioni Esecutive e Facial Emotion Recognition in Persone Affette da Schizofrenia: ruolo del Polimorfismo del COMT e dell'Abuso di Alcol e Sostanze". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/94538.
Texto completoBACKGROUND: cognitive and genetic features are increasingly important in the study of schizophrenia. The impairment of executive function (FE) and facial emotion recognition, are central issues in schizophrenic disease. To date, however, the paradigm of the (dis) cognitive functioning in schizophrenia is based on studies that excluded subjects with schizophrenia and a history of substance abuse (SUD)(5), which is actually a phenomenon that showed a derogatory impact on cognition in the population with substance use disorder. The literature has also over the years defined polymorphisms potentially implicated in both schizophrenia and in alcohol and substance use disorders, such as the one (rs4680) related to the gene of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT). Given the prevalence of the phenomenon and the association between cognition, functional outcome and genetic polymorphisms, the study of these related in schizophrenic patients with substance abuse is an important issue for a more precise stratification diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. AIM: to evaluate the impact of the COMT polymorphism and alcohol and substance abuse on cognitive performance in a population of subjects with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this is a observational study. We recruited 62 subjects (M = 50, F = 12) diagnosed with schizophrenia according to DSM-IV (assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, SCID I). The sample was subdivided according to the presence or not of alcohol abuse and related substances (evaluated with the Alcohol and Drug Use Scale -Aus and DUS) into two groups (SKZ+SUD and SKZ-SUD), which were then compared with regard to socio-demographic and clinical characteristics (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale - PANSS). It was then analysed the association between the condition of abuse, COMT polymorphism and score on Intra-Extra Dimensional Shift September (IED), which evaluates the FE and on test Ekman, evaluating the FER, controlling for socio-demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: the two groups SKZ+SUD (n= 8) and SKZ-SUD (n = 34) show a statistically significant difference by age with mean (SD) of 47.21 (9.41) in abusers and 36.04 (10.09) in non-abusers (p <0.001). Abusers tend to make fewer errors on IED (IED errors adjusted Total 47.32 (47.77) vs 70.59 (70.84); p = 0:26), fewer trials (IED trials Total Adjusted 136.61 (85.65) vs 178.35 (128.02); p = 0:24) to reach the criterion to overcome the stage and a greater number of stages completed (IED stages completed 7.79 (2.11) vs 6.85 (3.12), p = 0:35). Abusers (mean = 41.86 (7:50)) show a score statistically higher (p = 0.02) compared with non-abusers (mean = 35.29 (11.79) on Ekman test. On IED (stage completed), checking for the PANSS, the Met-Met genotype compared with Val-Val genotype was different in the group of abuse compared with the group not abusing (interaction coefficient -4.09 CI [-8.06, -0.13]; p = 0.043): Met-Met show a worse performance than in the group of Val-Val. The same type of interaction is confirmed also with regard to the Ekman , although not reaching statistical significance (interaction with coefficient -6.46 CI [-0.83, 13.76]; p = 0.081). CONCLUSIONS: subjects with schizophrenia and substance abuse seems to be less compromised from a neuropsychological point of view than those without abuse. Furthermore it is shown an interaction between the polymorphism for COMT gene and the condition of alcohol and substance abuse with regard to the FE and FER performance.
Pasini, Margherita. "Deficit dell'integrazione multisensoriale nei soggetti autistici e schizofrenici: studio di dati comportamentali e modellistici". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Buscar texto completoLjunggren, Svante. "Hur människan med schizofren sjukdom upplever sin livsvärld och mötet i vården?" Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-18731.
Texto completoProgram: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
Uppsatsnivå: C
BULGARI, VIOLA. "Il comportamento violento nei Disturbi dello Spettro Schizofrenico: associazioni con fattori clinici e neuropsicologici". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/39105.
Texto completoThis thesis addresses the phenomenon of violence by patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) who had a history of violence, compared to matched controls. The research protocol also included a 1-year observation period. The research project has been carried out in ordinary psychiatric residential facilities (study 1) and in Community Mental Health Centres (study 2) in northern Italy. The aims were: (i) to investigate the demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive features of patients with SSDs who had a history of violence, matched by age, gender and diagnosis to controls; (ii) to quantify violence exhibited by patients with SSDs during 1 year, and to identify protective and risk factors for such violence; (iii) to characterize patients exhibiting considerable violence during the study period. The results of the project show different clinical and cognitive characteristics for patients with a history of violence and for controls, and different factors associated with violence exhibited in the two care settings.
BULGARI, VIOLA. "Il comportamento violento nei Disturbi dello Spettro Schizofrenico: associazioni con fattori clinici e neuropsicologici". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/39105.
Texto completoThis thesis addresses the phenomenon of violence by patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSDs) who had a history of violence, compared to matched controls. The research protocol also included a 1-year observation period. The research project has been carried out in ordinary psychiatric residential facilities (study 1) and in Community Mental Health Centres (study 2) in northern Italy. The aims were: (i) to investigate the demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive features of patients with SSDs who had a history of violence, matched by age, gender and diagnosis to controls; (ii) to quantify violence exhibited by patients with SSDs during 1 year, and to identify protective and risk factors for such violence; (iii) to characterize patients exhibiting considerable violence during the study period. The results of the project show different clinical and cognitive characteristics for patients with a history of violence and for controls, and different factors associated with violence exhibited in the two care settings.
BARTOLI, FRANCESCO. "Disturbi mentali gravi e sindrome metabolica: meta-analisi e studio trasversale comparativo". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/42833.
Texto completoSPANGARO, MARCO. "COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: DISENTANGLING THE ROLE OF METABOLIC ALTERATIONS AND NEUROINFLAMMATION". Doctoral thesis, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/133080.
Texto completoObiettivo di questo studio è l'analisi del rapporto tra deficit cognitivo, Sindrome Metabolica e infiammazione in un campione di pazienti affetti da schizofrenia, analizzando inoltre all'interno di un sottocampione possibili influenze della Sindrome Metabolica e dei suoi biomarker infiammatori sull'integrità della sostanza bianca e i neurometaboliti della corteccia Dorsolaterale Prefrontale
Barbato, Alessia. "Oscillazioni neurali e memoria: analisi del ruolo dei ritmi theta e gamma in soggetti sani e schizofrenici". Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23008/.
Texto completoGERRA, MARIA LIDIA. "CUORE DI VETRO: VULNERABILITA’ AUTONOMICA CARDIACA ALL’INTERAZIONE SOCIALE E PSICOPATOLOGIA". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1201002.
Texto completoThis research aims to study the neuro-autonomic correlates of the impairment in social functioning, found as a core component of at least two psychiatric disorders, namely Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and Schizophrenia. Whereas in the former the impairment in social functioning reflects a disturbed psychological self-organization, in the latter it seems to be most related with deficit syndrome symptoms. The polyvagal theory provides a theoretical framework to explore whether these compromised social functioning would be associated with autonomic regulation strategies that foster defensive and non-social behaviours. According to the polyvagal theory the physiological reactivity in response to environmental “challenges” depends, at the cardiac level, on three branches of the Autonomic Nervous System. These could be alternatively dominant and have consecutively developed during evolution as follow: (1) the un-myelinated vagal system, associated with cardiac slowing and “freezing” conducts, (2) the sympathetic nervous system, responsible for tachycardia and “fight or flight” responses, and (3) the myelinated vagal system, that acts in different ways according to the estimated threat in the environments and fosters adaptive social engagement. The dynamic impact of the myelinated vagal fibers on the heart is reflected by the amplitude of the Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA), a naturally occurring rhythm in the cardiac cycle at approximately the frequency of spontaneous breathing. In the first study, using the Cyberball experiment, we investigated whether BPD patients display a peculiar pattern of changes in RSA after conditions of social inclusion and ostracism, compared with Healthy Controls (HC) and remitted Major Depressive Disorder patients, as a clinical control group. We found that, before the task, BPD patients showed reduced resting RSA, indicating stable difficulties in social predisposition. During the task, BPD patients responded with greater physiological arousal to any social situation and with greater feelings of ostracism after actually benign social scenarios, i.e., following social inclusion and when the ostracism experience is over. In the second study, we measured the autonomic and psychological response to Cyberball in a sample of patients with Schizophrenia, compared with HC. At baseline, we observed a reduced resting RSA, index of impaired social flexibility. During the task, the patients with Schizophrenia showed a blunted perception of threat and did not report aggressive tendencies, compared to HC, in response to the condition of ostracism. In both samples, a parasympathetic withdrawal was not observed, showing that the experience of being excluded did not induce propensities toward fight/flight responding. Overall, these findings confirmed low resting RSA that was observed across a variety of trans-diagnostic psychiatric conditions. Moreover, our results suggest that phasic changes in RSA in response to social interaction could be a trait marker of BPD. Finally, in the third study, we investigated the interoception, conceptualized as the sense of the internal physiological condition of the body. The processing of afferent bodily signals has been linked to higher-order psychological functions such as the sense of self and emotions regulation. Specifically, recent evidence suggested that interoceptive processes might predict the autonomic regulation in a social setting. Interoceptive Accuracy (IA) was measured with a heart beat detection task in the aggregated sample. Our results showed a reduced IA among patients with both BPD and Schizophrenia, confirming how interoceptive processes are altered in clinical samples and should be considered as potential mediator in patients' psychosocial difficulties.
Kovář, Vladimír. "Schizofrenie filmovou rečí". Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze. Filmová a televizní fakulta AMU. Knihovna, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-96741.
Texto completoSharifi, Suzan y Hayat Hayek. "Att leva med Schizofreni". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1294.
Texto completoSchizofreni är en allvarlig, psykisk sjukdom med mentala störningar och förlust av kontakt med verkligheten. Sjukdomen påverkar hela personens livssituation. Syftet med denna litteratur studie var att beskriva hur det är att leva med schizofreni. Metoden som används var en litteraturstudie. En samlingsnovell med patientens berättelse och tre självbiografier av människor som själv upplevd schizofreni har analyserats samt en roman av en författare som var i nära kontakt med en schizofren patient. De analyserades enligt Lyckhage modellen för att analysera berättelser. Sju kategorier har framkommit i resultaten som uttrycks med: Leva i en främmande och ond värld, Självmord, Relation till vårdpersonalen, Familjen och närstående, Självuppfattning, Att uppleva ångestattacker, samt Inre röster och hallucinationer.
Schizophrenia is a serious psychological disease with mental disorder and loss of reality. The disease affects the whole life situation for the individual. The aim with this literature review was to describe how it is to live with schizophrenia. The method that is used is literature studies which means that a collection of different patients´ stories, three biographies written by people who themselves have experienced schizophrenia have been analysed but also a novel written by an author who was in close relation with a schizophrenic patient. These materials have been analysed according to Lyckhage´s model for analysing stories. Eight categories have emerged in the result giving utterance to: To live in an alien and evil world, suicide, relation to the nursing staff, family and relatives, self-concept, experiencing anxiety attacks, and inner voices and hallucinations.
ROSSETTI, ILEANA. "Embodying a moving alien hand. An investigation of visuomotor integration processes underlying embodiment in healthy controls and in patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/277381.
Texto completoThe present thesis addresses the build-up of the senses of agency and ownership in schizophrenia, as a clue to understand the mechanisms of self-awareness in these patients. Based on previous literature highlighting disturbances of sense of agency and impairments in sensorimotor integration, we carried out a series of three studies aimed to explore self-body recognition by capitalizing on a visuomotor body illusion, i.e. the mirror box illusion. This paradigm was useful in order to elicit overt sensations of agency and ownership under condition of illusorily embodiment of a moving alien hand. In Experiment 1, the effect of temporal congruency between visual (experimenter’s hand reflected in the mirror) and the proprioceptive (participant’s hand) input on subjective and objective measures (namely, embodiment questionnaire and forearm bisection task) of the illusion was addressed in 36 healthy participants and 29 patients affected by schizophrenia. In healthy participants, sense of agency, sense of ownership and bisection performance modulate in accordance to the extent of visuo-proprioceptive synchrony. By contrast, the sense of agency and bisection performance did not significantly vary across conditions in patients. Such results indicate that impaired sensorimotor processes, as testified by previous work on self-attribution task, may explain the altered modulation of embodiment in the schizophrenia group. We hypothesized that two sensorimotor mechanisms might be implicated, namely a widened visuo-proprioceptive TBW and a disruption of efference-related signals. In order to help disentangling the role of these two mechanisms, the second experiment was designed. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to perform active vs. passive movements, while increasing time-lags between the visual and the proprioceptive input were introduced using a custom-made mirror box setting. A sample of 32 healthy controls and 18 patients with schizophrenia was recruited. Preliminary analyses show an altered modulation of the illusorily sense of ownership in patients, which is mostly accounted for by an enlarged visuo-proprioceptive temporal binding window. This result might indicate that an abnormal integration of afferent signals is strongly involved in the disruption of self-body ownership in schizophrenia. This conclusion, however, warrants caution given the small size of the patients group. Finally, Experiment 3 represents an exploratory study to test the hypothesis of abnormal malleability of body representation in schizophrenia derived from the literature on rubber hand illusion in schizophrenia. Based on this assumption, it could be expected that patients are abnormally prone to embody an alien hand positioned at an anatomically implausible distance from the body. In order to address this issue, we first sought to verify to what extent high spatial visuo-proprioceptive discrepancy can inhibit the sense of ownership for a moving alien hand in healthy people. Using the same mirror box setting previously mentioned, we obtained results that are only partially in agreement with the hypothesis, since illusory ownership deems to decreases only at a subjective, but not objective level. Further work, using a different experimental manipulation, might better address whether these results may be due to the task used or to the higher sensitivity of subjective assessment of body ownership to this kind of manipulation. In conclusion, the present work demonstrates that putatively impaired visuo-motor integration processes in schizophrenia do not only impact on the sense of agency, but also on the recognition of one’s own body. These findings expand previous work based on the rubber hand illusion, providing empirical evidence of the fact that disturbances of body perception in schizophrenia can be dependent on defective sensorimotor processes for action.
Chavoshi, Negar y Ann-Sofie Svensson. "Schizofreni och livskvalitet : en litteraturstudie". Thesis, Kristianstad University College, School of Health and Society, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-4939.
Texto completoBakgrund: Idag finns det cirka 40 000 individer som har diagnosen schizofreni i Sverige. Schizofreni innebär psykisk ohälsa i form av bland annat hallucinationer, vanföreställningar samt apati och passivitet, vilket leder till en försämrad livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa upplevelsen av livskvalitet hos patienter med diagnosen schizofreni. Metod: Studien utfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie där sju vetenskapliga artiklar, som var relevanta till syftet, valdes ut, kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades. Resultat: Resultatet delades in i fem olika rubriker. Det visade sig att svåra symtom, civilstatus, socialt nätverk, otillfredsställda behov och ekonomi alla vara direkt relaterade till livskvaliteten hos patienter med schizofreni. Slutsats: Förbättrade levnadsförhållanden betyder inte nödvändigtvis förbättrad livskvalitet. Många faktorer bland annat trygg och lugn omgivning, bra ekonomi och ett bra socialt nätverk påverkar livskvaliteten. Därför bör sjukvårdspersonal tillgodose patienternas behov på ett adekvat sätt och därmed bidra till en förbättrad livskvalitet.
Background: About 40 000 individuals in Sweden lives with the diagnose schizophrenia. Schizophrenia involves psychiatric disease with symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions, apathy and passivity, which lead to a decline in quality of life. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to elucidate the experience of quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Method: The study was conducted as a literature review where seven scientific articles were chosen, critically reviewed and analysed. Result: The result was divided in to five different categories. Severe symptoms, marital status, social network, unmet needs and economy appeared to be all directly related to quality of life in patients with schizophrenia. Conclusion: Improved living conditions do not necessarily improve quality of life. Many factors including security, quiet environment, good economy and a good social network affects the quality of life. Therefore, health care professionals should meet patient needs in an adequate manner and thus contribute to an improved quality of life.
Eriksson, Magnus y Andreas Heldring. "Omvårdnad vid schizofreni - En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-121.
Texto completoAbstrakt
Bakgrund: Schizofreni är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att man drabbas av en psykos. Det är för det mesta unga människor som insjuknar. Patienter med schizofreni har oftast bristfällig insikt och förståelse för sin sjukdomsbild och behandling. Utbildning och rehabilitering är därför fokuserad på att öka patienters självständighet. Detta har visat att risken för återfall minskar vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett ökat välmående och förbättrade sociala förmågor.
Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att göra en replikation på SBU:s rapport från 1999 omvårdnad vid schizofreni och belysa faktorer som påverkar omvårdnaden vid schizofreni.
Metod: Det gjordes en systematisk litteraturstudie som baserades på 20 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna bedömdes först enskilt och sedan tillsammans enligt granskningsmall från SBU. Kvalitén bedömdes utifrån en tregradig skala och de artiklar som användes uppfyllde kriteriet för hög till medelhög kvalité.
Resultat: Patienter med schizofreni och deras anhöriga upplevde många svårigheter socialt, emotionellt och ekonomiskt. Sjuksköterskans viktigaste uppgift var att identifiera de omvårdnadsbehov som patienterna och deras anhöriga hade, så att de kunde få rätt stöd och omvårdnadsåtgärd.
Diskussion: För att en omvårdnadsrelation skall kunna utvecklas är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan är flexibel. Genom att ha en öppen hållning, vara förstående och lyssna kan man ta del av personens livsvärld och lättare kunna identifiera de specifika vårdbehoven. Det viktiga är att se varje individ som unik med olika förutsättningar och behov för att kunna ge bästa möjliga omvårdnad.
Lazauskaitė, Giedrė. "Schizofrenija sergančių asmenų socialinės adaptacijos resursai". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20140623_183746-36751.
Texto completoSUMMARY Resources of Social Adaptation of People Ill with Schizophrenia Mental diseases of human psyche have overburdened our society becoming predominant than any other health disorder. Schizophrenia is one of the most complex mental diseases. The failure of social adaptation to the environment is one of the major symptoms of schizophrenia. This mental disease causes a negative effect on family relationships as well as produces damage on the human ability to perform professional activities. A diagnosis of schizophrenia is like a certain stigma to a person because such individuals tend to be discriminated in their society. It is of great importance to analyze and discover the strongest positive internal and external resources of the individual diagnosed with schizophrenia as this could provide the opportunity to offer effective professional help to a person overcoming the problems of social adaptation. The Paper is divided in two parts: theoretical and empirical one. The Theoretical part introduces the main symptoms of schizophrenia and demonstrates the consequences of the disease on individual. Moreover, the Paper analyzes the influence of schizophrenia on individual as a social being concentrating on three major aspects: family life, work and society. The conception of strength-based perspective has also been introduced as well as the importance of positive resources to social adaptation. The main aim of the research is to reveal the positive resources of the individual... [to full text]
Szerszeń, Tomasz. "Pismo osób dotkniętych schizofrenią - aspekty kryminalistyczne". Doctoral thesis, Katowice: Uniwersytet Śląski, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/5766.
Texto completoBARATTIERI, DI SAN PIETRO CHIARA. "Semantic and syntactic modifications in Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/277375.
Texto completoAlthough the presence of language disturbances in people with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders (SSD) is well established (American Psychiatric Association, 2013), a full characterization of the phenomenon is still missing. The hypothesis of “schizophrenia as the price we pay for language” (Crow, 1997) opens new perspectives on the problem at stake, and suggests the need for a combined approach aiming at integrating the clinical tools nowadays employed to assess language abilities in SSD. The overall objective of the present work is to advance the understanding of language disturbances in this population by adopting an interdisciplinary approach embracing neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and computational linguistics. In particular, the present work is focused on: i) the differential contribution of semantic storage and executive functions to verbal fluency; ii) the production and comprehension of verbs argument structure and syntactic complexity, and; iii) the sensitivity to semantics violation on different Thematic Roles. Forty-three persons with SSD were recruited at the IRCCS Fatebenefratelli of Brescia. Participants’ linguistic processes were investigated by means of: i) two verbal fluency tasks for the evaluation of semantic store integrity and executive function performance, both computed manually and derived from Natural Language Processing (NLP) methodologies; ii) the Northwestern Assessment of Verb Argument Structure (NAVS – Cho-Reyes & Thompson, 2012; Barbieri, Brambilla, Thompson, & Luzzatti, 2019); iii) an eye-tracking study on semantic violations. For comparison, the same battery was administered to a sample of healthy control subjects matched by age and gender. In the fluency tasks significant differences in the mean size of semantic clusters, number of switches, as well as measure of coherence were observed between groups, highlighting the differential and non-mutually exclusive contribution of the semantic store integrity and the executive functions to verbal fluency. Moreover, NLP-derived algorithms shown a high-level performance in classifying subjects with and without SSD. A specific difficulty with complex verb argument structure, as well as with non-canonical word order of sentences, both in production and comprehension, was identified in the SSD population. These results are compatible with the Argument Structure Complexity Hypothesis (ASCH – Thompson, 2003) and the presence of an underlying syntactic movement in non-canonical sentences (Chomsky, 1981). Finally, an impaired sensitivity to semantic violations on the “Agent” was observed in the eye-tracking study, compatible with the presence of a “disorder of the self” (Henriksen & Noordgard, 2014) in this population. In summary, our results underline the presence of specific semantic and syntactic impairments in SSD as seen in language production and comprehension. Moreover, our result support the application of a multi-disciplinary approach to the issue at stake. Our study show how the added value of fluency measures derived by a computational linguistic approach paired with a fine-grained characterization of receptive and productive language in SSD by means of the tools and theoretical frameworks derived from psycholinguistics can contribute to further characterize language modifications in SSD beyond the current knowledge.
Belca, Spela y Camilla Barosen. "Upplevelser av att leva med schizofreni". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-1400.
Texto completoAxelsson, Liza y Sara Söderblom. "Upplevelsen av att leva med schizofreni". Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för hälsa och välfärd, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33867.
Texto completoSchizophrenia is a mental illness where the person’s experience of the disease is an important basis for nursing care. To improve the care, more knowledge is required about the experience of living with schizophrenia. The aim of the study was to describe the experience of living with the mental illness schizophrenia. The study was conducted as a literature study. The literature search was done systematically, resulting in 14 scientific articles that shaped the outcome of the study. A content analysis was conducted, which resulted in three categories: alienation, losses and valuable life. The results showed that people with schizophrenia feel loneliness and alienation. The disease also contributed to huge losses of life. Despite setbacks several factors that could lead to a meaningful life was revealed. To create good caring, people with schizophrenia felt that health professionals need to show respect, listen and give space. Increased knowledge about the disease is recommended to reduce the stigma of schizophrenia. Further research on how health professionals should behave against people with schizophrenia is requested.
Barman, Maria y Emma Ekebjär. "Att leva med schizofreni : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-63309.
Texto completoBronge, Oscarsson Malin y Martina Axelsson. "Att leva med schizofreni – upplevelser av livssituationen". Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Human Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-53.
Texto completoAtt drabbas av schizofreni påverkar hela personens livssituation. Schizofrenin medför funktionsnedsättningar som gör det svårt att ta tillvara på de vardagliga resurserna. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur personer med schizofreni upplever sin livssituation. Metoden som användes var en litteraturstudie. Sökningarna gjordes i Cinahl, Psycinfo och Elin@Kalmar. Åtta vetenskapliga artiklar har kvalitetsgranskats och analyserats vilket resulterades i fyra kategorier av upplevelser: upplevelser av ohälsa, upplevelser av relationer, upplevelser av sysselsättning och oro inför framtiden. Dessa upplevelser påverkade livssituationen i flera olika avseenden. Denna litteraturstudie är av betydelse för vårdpersonal eller anhöriga till en person med schizofreni för att förstå dennes livssituation och på så sätt bemöta dem på ett tillfredställande sätt.
Olovsson, Karl Johan y Erik Wikman. "Att belysa upplevelser hos närstående till schizofrena". Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Health Sciences, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8843.
Texto completo
Schizofreni är en psykotisk störning som drabbar knappt en procent av den vuxna befolkningen. En börda för hela familjen uppstår när en familjemedlem insjuknar i schizofreni. Syftet var att belysa närståendes upplevelser och hantering av att leva med en schizofren person, samt vilket eventuellt stöd de var i behov av. Metoden var en systematisk litteraturstudie som utfördes genom systematisk sökning, kritisk granskning och sammanställning. Resultatet identifierade fyra kategorier och sju subkategorier: Upplevelser med subkategorin känslor, familjebelastning med subkategorin börda, coping med subkategorierna negativ coping och positiv coping, samt stödbehov med subkategorierna utbildning, socialt stöd och professionellt stöd. Resultatet visade att dessa kategorier integrerade med varandra och påverkade de närståendes situation. Diskussionen visade att kategorierna påverkade varandra i flera dimensioner. Viktigaste faktorn som påverkade närståendes livssituation var copingstrategier. Slutsatsen visade att samtliga närståendes komplicerade situation kräver en holistisk syn och vård från vårdprofessionen, som bör vidareutvecklas.
Granhus, Kirsti Dyrstad. "Negative symptomer ved schizofreni : Forståelse og behandling". Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Fakultet for samfunnsvitenskap og teknologiledelse, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-11746.
Texto completoUzelac, Tanja y Petra Vinberg. "Fysisk hälsa hos vuxna personer med schizofreni". Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-99.
Texto completoHealth is considered a human right and is difficult to define as it is experienced differently by different individuals. Mental illness does not necessarily mean a psychiatric diagnosis. It is defined rather from how to handle different situations that people may encounter throughout life. Schizophrenia is a lifelong and serious disease that affects how the person thinks, feels and behaves. The severe symptoms of the disease may be limiting for the affected person, which may have implications for physical health. The purpose of this study was to describe how the literature portrays the physical health of adults with schizophrenia. The method used was a literature review where 11 quantitative studies were analyzed. The results revealed two categories with several subcategories: Risk factors for disease in adults with schizophrenia and Common illnesses in adults with schizophrenia. A variety of contributing factors for the illness occurs in people with schizophrenia, with the result that they suffer from physical illness. The conclusion is that people with schizophrenia are at greater risk of physical ill health because of various lifestyle factors.
Appelberg, Alexandra y Amanda Lydell. "Upplevelser av hörselhallucinationer vid schizofreni : En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-4787.
Texto completoBackground: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder with a high suicidal risk. The most common symptoms experienced with schizophrenia are auditory hallucinations which can be experienced both in a positive and a negative way. The disorder is stigmatized most likely due to a lack of knowledge and a fear of the person. Aim: To describe adults experiences of auditory hallucinations induced by schizophrenia. Method: The literature review consisted of twelve scientific articles of which nine were conducted using a qualitative approach and three with a quantitative research methodology. The articles were found in the databases CINAHL Complete, PubMed and PsycINFO. The following words were used in the databases: hallucination, voice hearing, psychosis, patient, life, hearing voices, nursing, people who hear voices, auditory hallucinations, schizophrenia and experiences. Results: The results were divided into four themes: The nature of the voice described the characteristics of the voice i.e. tone, feeling, intensity and duration. The relation to the voice described how the affected persons identified the voice as a part of themselves. Finding meaning and coping strategies described the different strategies which were used to cope with the voices. The impact on the individual highlighted how the person was affected by the voices by an altered self, added self-harm behavior, isolation and loss of control. Discussions: The results were discussed with the concepts of life world and finding meaning. Finding meaning was found as one of the affected person’s most important coping strategies for dealing with the auditory hallucinations.
Ejlertsson, Daniel y Kennet Odelstrand. "Schizofreni och Quality of Life : Vilka faktorer påverkar Quality of Life hos personer med schizofreni i öppenvården? En litteraturöversikt". Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-723.
Texto completoBACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric illness, which entails great suffering for the person afflicted. The illness may cause symptoms such as hallucinations, a distorted sense of reality, apathy and reclusiveness; in effect causing the schizophrenic patient to evaluate his or her Quality of Life as being lower than the average persons. PURPOSE: The purpose of the literature review, was to highlight which factors affect Quality of Life, for schizophrenic patients in outpatient care. METHOD: The study was carried out as a literature review. Ten scientific articles, well suited for the purpose of this paper, were critically reviewed and structurally analyzed. RESULT: The identified factors, influencing Quality of Life for patients suffering from schizophrenia, were divided into three main categories, synonymous with Antonovsky's concept of KASAM: comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness. Furthermore, seven concepts were identified as constituting subcategories: positive symptoms, the psychosocial situation, maintaining control of ones everyday life, physical health and support from health facilities and exuberance and optimism. In summary, the articles studied show that the three main categories identify areas, in which the patients are low functioning. The seven sub-categories in their turn identify areas that directly or indirectly affect the patients' Quality of Life. CONCLUSION: The nurse can improve Quality of Life in individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, either on her own, or in collaboration with other professionals in the health care sector. This can be achieved through motivational talks, but also through coordinated efforts between various social actors. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Patients suffering from schizophrenia, perceive exclusion in the social arena, a lack of pursuit and/or employment and general isolation as factors negatively affecting their lives. Thus the ability of caregivers, to meet the perceived problems and needs of the patient, is paramount when striving for a positive outcome of treatment.
Bodén, Robert. "Prognostic Factors in First-Episode Schizophrenia Five-year Outcome of Symptoms, Function and Obesity /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113797.
Texto completoNilsson, Björn. "Physiological Aberrations in Patients with Schizophrenia /". Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distibutör], 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9521.
Texto completoSandnes, Fundin Liselotte y Jennie Winsjansen. "Sjuksköterskors attityder till personer med schizofreni - en litteraturstudie". Thesis, University of Gävle, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-6644.
Texto completoSyftet med denna deskriptiva litteraturstudie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder till personer med schizofreni. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i databasen Medline (via PubMed) där totalt 15 vetenskapliga artiklar valdes ut och granskades. Resultatet visade att sjuksköterskor ansåg att schizofreni inte kan härledas till en enda orsak utan är ett samspel mellan olika faktorer. Schizofreni betraktades som en behandlingsbar sjukdom och endast delvis återhämtning ansågs möjlig förutsatt att professionell hjälp finns att tillgå. Sjuksköterskor hade negativa attityder angående sjukdomens prognos. Negativa attityder påträffades också gällande personer med schizofreni i relation till giftermål och barn. Det rådde delade meningar om det skulle vara besvärande eller inte att ha en person med schizofreni som granne eller arbetskamrat. Sjuksköterskor ansåg att personer med schizofreni är aggressiva och oförutsägbara. Positiva attityder fanns till att personer med schizofreni ska ha samma rättigheter och bemötas som andra människor. Yrkeserfarenhet påverkade attityderna hos sjuksköterskorna men det var oklart om det bidrog till positiva eller negativa attityder. Att ha högre utbildning var relaterat till positiva attityder. Författarna drog slutsatsen att sjuksköterskor i allmänhet har negativa attityder till personer med schizofreni.
Nyckelord: Schizofreni, attityd, sjuksköterskor.
Birtic, Martin y Emma Olsson. "Sjuksköterskan och patienten med schizofreni : En vårdande relation". Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Life Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-1081.
Texto completoPatienter som har diagnosen schizofreni är inte unikt samlade inom den psykiatriska vården utan finns inom alla vårdspecialiteter. En viktig del av omvårdnadsarbetet hos de sjuksköterskor vilka möter dessa patienter är etablerandet av en vårdande relation med dem. Det är i denna relation som omvårdnaden tillämpas. Syftet med studien var att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver sjuksköterskans vårdrelation med en patient som har diagnosen schizofreni. I en systematisk litteraturstudie granskades och analyserades åtta vetenskapliga artiklar vilket resulterade i tre huvudteman relaterade till vårdrelationen: ´etablera en vårdande relation´, ´främjar utvecklingen av vårdrelationen´ samt ´hämmar utvecklingen av vårdrelationen´. Innehållet i dessa teman framhäver att vårdrelationen är ett komplex fenomen bestående av många aspekter. Genom en förståelse utav dessa aspekters proportioner samt påverkan kan de utav sjuksköterskor ägnas medvetna åtgärder i syfte att stärka relationen till patienten och öka kvaliteten på omvårdnaden.
Olsson, Susanne y Sara Ward. "Att leva med diagnosen schizofreni : Ur ett livsvärldsperspektiv". Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Institutionen för omvårdnad, hälsa och kultur, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-4587.
Texto completoNorén, Emma y Hanna Larsson. "Anhörigas upplevelser av att vårda personer med schizofreni". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för hälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-25901.
Texto completoDahlin, Camilla y Siw Johansson. "Musikterapi för patienter med schizofreni och annan psykossjukdom". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-215481.
Texto completoLandgren, Anton. "Personalens uppfattning om rökavvänjning bland patienter med schizofreni". Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-26331.
Texto completoThwainy, Tagreed. "Oral hälsa hos individer med schizofreni : En litteraturstudie". Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ. Oral hälsa, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27283.
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