Artículos de revistas: "Sced48"

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Haq, Mohamed K. y Assoc Prof Dr Valliappan Raju. "History of Sustainable Community Economic Development: A Descriptive Research". 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, n.º 1 (8 de octubre de 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(112).

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Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED) has gradually been changing overtime from production philosophy to the welfare ideology of assuring better future for a resilient community. SCED's contribution in poverty alleviation, employment generation, sustainable community design, disaster control and resilience, biodiversity protection and so on. The study conducted a descriptive literature review of the history of this concept in global and Bangladesh perspective. Peer review publications in English language were considered that were indexed in reputed database like Scopus and Web of Science. The study designed two timelines of SCED concept evolution based on the information derived from the existing peer review publications. Both timelines (global and Bangladesh) were found interrelated in couple of points, especially the third phase of the global SCED connected with the first phase of Bangladesh's SCED timeline, immediately after the Liberation War. The study concluded that, SCED is an everchanging area of study and future research would reveal more sustainable features that would make the community sustainable and resilient. Keywords: Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED), Bangladesh, NGOs, MFIs

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Moeyaert, Mariola, Rumen Manolov y Emily Rodabaugh. "Meta-Analysis of Single-Case Research via Multilevel Models: Fundamental Concepts and Methodological Considerations". Behavior Modification 44, n.º 2 (26 de octubre de 2018): 265–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445518806867.

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Multilevel modeling is an approach that can be used to summarize single-case experimental design (SCED) data. Multilevel models were developed to analyze hierarchical structured data with units at a lower level nested within higher level units. SCEDs use time series data collected from multiple cases (or subjects) within a study that allow researchers to investigate intervention effectiveness at the individual level and also to investigate how these individual intervention effects change over time. There is an increased interest in the field regarding how SCEDs can be used to establish an evidence base for interventions by synthesizing data from a series of intervention studies. Although using multilevel models to meta-analyze SCED studies is promising, application is often hampered by being potentially excessively technical. First, this article provides an accessible description and overview of the potential of multilevel meta-analysis to combine SCED data. Second, a summary of the methodological evidence on the performance of multilevel models for meta-analysis is provided, which is useful given that such evidence is currently scattered over multiple technical articles in the literature. Third, the actual steps to perform a multilevel meta-analysis are outlined in a brief practical guide. Fourth, a suggestion for integrating the quantitative results with a visual representation is provided.

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Natesan Batley, Prathiba y Larry Vernon Hedges. "Accurate models vs. accurate estimates: A simulation study of Bayesian single-case experimental designs". Behavior Research Methods 53, n.º 4 (11 de febrero de 2021): 1782–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-020-01522-0.

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AbstractAlthough statistical practices to evaluate intervention effects in single-case experimental design (SCEDs) have gained prominence in recent times, models are yet to incorporate and investigate all their analytic complexities. Most of these statistical models incorporate slopes and autocorrelations, both of which contribute to trend in the data. The question that arises is whether in SCED data that show trend, there is indeterminacy between estimating slope and autocorrelation, because both contribute to trend, and the data have a limited number of observations. Using Monte Carlo simulation, we compared the performance of four Bayesian change-point models: (a) intercepts only (IO), (b) slopes but no autocorrelations (SI), (c) autocorrelations but no slopes (NS), and (d) both autocorrelations and slopes (SA). Weakly informative priors were used to remain agnostic about the parameters. Coverage rates showed that for the SA model, either the slope effect size or the autocorrelation credible interval almost always erroneously contained 0, and the type II errors were prohibitively large. Considering the 0-coverage and coverage rates of slope effect size, intercept effect size, mean relative bias, and second-phase intercept relative bias, the SI model outperformed all other models. Therefore, it is recommended that researchers favor the SI model over the other three models. Research studies that develop slope effect sizes for SCEDs should consider the performance of the statistic by taking into account coverage and 0-coverage rates. These helped uncover patterns that were not realized in other simulation studies. We underline the need for investigating the use of informative priors in SCEDs.

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Tanious, René, Tamal Kumar De, Bart Michiels, Wim Van den Noortgate y Patrick Onghena. "Assessing Consistency in Single-Case A-B-A-B Phase Designs". Behavior Modification 44, n.º 4 (31 de marzo de 2019): 518–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445519837726.

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Previous research has introduced several effect size measures (ESMs) to quantify data aspects of single-case experimental designs (SCEDs): level, trend, variability, overlap, and immediacy. In the current article, we extend the existing literature by introducing two methods for quantifying consistency in single-case A-B-A-B phase designs. The first method assesses the consistency of data patterns across phases implementing the same condition, called CONsistency of DAta Patterns (CONDAP). The second measure assesses the consistency of the five other data aspects when changing from baseline to experimental phase, called CONsistency of the EFFects (CONEFF). We illustrate the calculation of both measures for four A-B-A-B phase designs from published literature and demonstrate how CONDAP and CONEFF can supplement visual analysis of SCED data. Finally, we discuss directions for future research.

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Tanious, René y Patrick Onghena. "Applied hybrid single-case experiments published between 2016 and 2020: A systematic review". Methodological Innovations 15, n.º 1 (marzo de 2022): 73–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20597991221077910.

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Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) are frequently used research designs in psychology, (special) education, and related fields. Hybrid designs are formed by combining two or more of the basic SCED forms (i.e. phase designs, alternation designs, multiple baseline designs, and changing criterion designs). Hybrid designs have the potential to tackle complex research questions and increase internal validity, but relatively little is known about their use in actual research practice. Therefore, we systematically reviewed SCED hybrid designs published between 2016 and 2020. The systematic review of 67 studies indicates that a hybrid of phase designs and multiple baseline designs is most popular. Hybrid designs are most frequently analyzed by means of visual analysis paired with descriptive statistics. Randomization in the study design is common only for one particular kind of hybrid design. Examples of hybrid studies reveal that these designs are particularly popular in educational research. We compare some of the results of the systematic review to those obtained by Hammond and Gast, Shadish and Sullivan, and Tanious and Onghena. Finally, we discuss the results of the present systematic review in light of the need for specific guidelines for hybrid designs, including analytical methods, design specific randomization and reporting, and the need for terminological clarification.

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Natesan, Prathiba. "Fitting Bayesian Models for Single-Case Experimental Designs". Methodology 15, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2019): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000180.

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Abstract. Single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) are interrupted time-series designs that have recently gained recognition as being able to provide a strong basis for establishing intervention effect. Typically, SCED data are short time series and autocorrelated, which renders maximum likelihood and parametric analyses inadequate for data analysis, respectively. Although Bayesian methods overcome these challenges, most practitioners do not use Bayesian estimation because of: (a) its steep learning curve, (b) lack of Bayesian training, and (c) lack of knowledge of Bayesian software solutions. This study demonstrates two Bayesian interrupted time-series models using freeware programs R and JAGS. Practitioners could modify these codes and run them for their own data by changing the values in the codes where indicated. Providing practitioners with such tools to facilitate their analysis is one way to improve methodological rigor in applied research.

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Köklü, Elif y Funda Yirmibeşoğlu. "Investigation of Fear of Crime in City Centers through the Example of Be&scedil;ikta&scedil; Sinanpa&scedil;a Neighborhood". Current Urban Studies 05, n.º 03 (2017): 356–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/cus.2017.53020.

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Rishad, M. K. y V. P. Singh. "Modelling of Bracing Systems for Seismic Behaviour of High Rise Steel Building". DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, MAINTENANCE 3 (7 de julio de 2023): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232022.2023.3.8.

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This study mainly emphasised on compare the seismic behaviour of high-rise steel building with different types of bracing systems. Non-linear static analysis were performed to observe the structural performance on high rise steel building of heights 10,15,20,25,30 and 35 storeys. For this study, four types bracing systems were used: V-Braced frames (VBF), Chevron Braced frames (CBF), X-Braced frames and Self-centring energy dissipating braced frames (SCEDBF). The performance of different types of bracing system has been evaluated by changing the parameters like height of building and different types of lateral load pattern. It has been observed that different braced frames performed well in terms of storey displacement, inter-storey drift ratio, base shear capacity and performance point when compared with moment resisting frame in high-rise steel buildings. It has been observed that VBF and CBF performed similar manner under seismic event and XBF and SCEDBF performed similar manner. It can be concluded that, based on obtained results, that the use of VBF, CBF, XBF and SCEDBF enhances the seismic performance of overall structure.

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Norman-Nott, Nell, Chelsey Wilks, Negin Hesam-Shariati, Jessica Schroeder, Jina Suh, Mary Czerwinski y Sylvia Maria Gustin. "Efficacy of the iDBT-Pain skills training intervention to reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity in people with chronic pain: protocol for a single-case experimental design with multiple baselines". BMJ Open 11, n.º 4 (abril de 2021): e041745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041745.

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IntroductionDifficulties in emotional regulation are key to the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Recent evidence shows internet-delivered dialectic behaviour therapy (iDBT) skills training can reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity. However, further studies are needed to provide more definitive evidence regarding the efficacy of iDBT skills training in the chronic pain population.Methods and analysisA single-case experimental design (SCED) with multiple baselines will be used to examine the efficacy of a 4-week iDBT-Pain skills training intervention (iDBT-Pain intervention) to reduce emotional dysregulation and pain intensity in individuals with chronic pain. The iDBT-Pain intervention encompasses two components: (1) iDBT-Pain skills training sessions (iDBT-Pain sessions) and (2) the iDBT-Pain skills training web application (iDBT-Pain app). Three individuals with chronic pain will be recruited and randomly allocated to different baseline phases (5, 9 or 12 days). Following the baseline phase, participants will receive six 60–90 min iDBT-Pain sessions approximately 4 or 5 days apart, delivered by a psychologist via Zoom. To reinforce learnings from the iDBT-Pain sessions, participants will have unlimited use of the iDBT-Pain app. A 7-day follow-up phase (maintenance) will follow the intervention, whereby the iDBT-Pain sessions cease but the iDBT-Pain app is accessible. Emotional regulation, as the primary outcome measure, will be assessed using the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Pain intensity, as the secondary outcome measure, will be assessed using a visual analogue scale. Generalisation measures will assess psychological state factors (depression, anxiety and coping behaviour), alongside sleep quality, well-being and harm avoidance. SCEDs are increasingly considered effective designs for internet-delivered psychological interventions because SCED enables the investigation of interindividual variability in a heterogeneous population such as chronic pain.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the University of New South Wales (HC200199). Results will be published in peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberACTRN12620000604909.

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Miočević, Milica, Mariola Moeyaert, Axel Mayer y Amanda K. Montoya. "Causal Mediation Analysis in Single Case Experimental Designs: Introduction to the Special Issue". Evaluation & the Health Professions 45, n.º 1 (3 de febrero de 2022): 3–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01632787211073194.

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This special issue of Evaluation and the Health Professions is dedicated to methods for causal mediation analysis in Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs). Mediation analysis is used to identify intermediate variables that transmit the effect of the independent variable on the outcome. Until recently, mediation analysis was mostly confined to between-subjects designs and panel studies with few exceptions. Consequently, most of the developments in causal mediation analysis have also been restricted to such designs. In applied health research, SCEDs have been used to evaluate total effects of treatments on outcomes of interest. Providing researchers with the methods for evaluating causal indirect effects for individual participants can lead to important improvements in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. This special issue includes articles that describe advanced quantitative methods for testing mediators in SCEDs, propose and test approaches that allow for relaxing statistical assumptions that may not hold in real data, and illustrate mediation analysis for a single participant in real and simulated SCEDs data.

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Al-Juboory, H. H. y A. K. Al-Kubaisei. "Morphologically and Molecularly Identification of the Fungus that Causes White Mold Disease on Eggplant and Cucumber". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1252, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1252/1/012008.

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Abstract This study aimed to isolate the causal agent of white mold on eggplant caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and it was examined microscopically and molecularly. The pathogenicity of 16 isolates of the pathogenic fungus was evaluated from soil and plant residues, eggplant and cucumber plants (ScE1– ScE8) and (ScC1 – ScC8), respectively, from fields in different areas of Baghdad governorate of Baghdad (Abi Ghraib/Zidan, Al-Yusufiyah, Mada’in/Tuwaitha and Jadiriyah / University of Baghdad). The results of testing the pathogenicity of isolates of the pathogenic fungus showed that all isolates had a significant effect in reducing the percentage of seed germination compared to the control treatment in which the germination rate was 100%. The isolate ScE2 isolated from eggplant plants significantly outperformed the rest of the isolates, followed by isolates ScE1, ScC2, ScE3, ScE4, ScE2 and ScE5, followed by the rest of the isolates with a significant effect, the percentage of germination for the rest of the isolates ranged between 20-30%. The identificationof the two most pathogenic isolates was confirmed by PCR technology on eggplant and cucumber based on the ITS1 and ITS4 gene. The two isolates were deposited in (NCBI) under accession numbers MZ424307 and MZ424308.

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Pavlou, Soultana (Tania) y Maro Vlachopoulou. "SCEDRA: an information system framework for e-SC operations". International Journal of Business Information Systems 3, n.º 4 (2008): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbis.2008.018042.

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Somer, Emma, Christian Gische y Milica Miočević. "Methods for Modeling Autocorrelation and Handling Missing Data in Mediation Analysis in Single Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs)". Evaluation & the Health Professions 45, n.º 1 (26 de febrero de 2022): 36–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01632787211071136.

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Single-Case Experimental Designs (SCEDs) are increasingly recognized as a valuable alternative to group designs. Mediation analysis is useful in SCEDs contexts because it informs researchers about the underlying mechanism through which an intervention influences the outcome. However, methods for conducting mediation analysis in SCEDs have only recently been proposed. Furthermore, repeated measures of a target behavior present the challenges of autocorrelation and missing data. This paper aims to extend methods for estimating indirect effects in piecewise regression analysis in SCEDs by (1) evaluating three methods for modeling autocorrelation, namely, Newey-West (NW) estimation, feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimation, and explicit modeling of an autoregressive structure of order one (AR(1)) in the error terms and (2) evaluating multiple imputation in the presence of data that are missing completely at random. FGLS and AR(1) outperformed NW and OLS estimation in terms of efficiency, Type I error rates, and coverage, while OLS was superior to the methods in terms of power for larger samples. The performance of all methods is consistent across 0% and 20% missing data conditions. 50% missing data led to unsatisfactory power and biased estimates. In light of these findings, we provide recommendations for applied researchers.

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Hafner, K. y R. W. Clayton. "The Southern California Earthquake Data Center (SCEDC)". Seismological Research Letters 72, n.º 6 (1 de noviembre de 2001): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.6.705.

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McCoy, Airlie J., Robert A. Nicholls y Thomas R. Schneider. "SCEDS: protein fragments for molecular replacement inPhaser". Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 69, n.º 11 (4 de octubre de 2013): 2216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0907444913021811.

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A method is described for generating protein fragments suitable for use as molecular-replacement (MR) template models. The template model for a protein suspected to undergo a conformational change is perturbed along combinations of low-frequency normal modes of the elastic network model. The unperturbed structure is then compared with each perturbed structure in turn and the structurally invariant regions are identified by analysing the difference distance matrix. These fragments are scored with SCEDS, which is a combined measure of the sphericity of the fragments, the continuity of the fragments with respect to the polypeptide chain, the equality in number of atoms in the fragments and the density of Cαatoms in the triaxial ellipsoid of the fragment extents. The fragment divisions with the highest SCEDS are then used as separate template models for MR. Test cases show that where the protein contains fragments that undergo a change in juxtaposition between template model and target, SCEDS can identify fragments that lead to a lowerRfactor after ten cycles of all-atom refinement withREFMAC5 than the original template structure. The method has been implemented in the softwarePhaser.

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Stapleton, Melanie R., Malcolm J. Horsburgh, Emma J. Hayhurst, Lynda Wright, Ing-Marie Jonsson, Andrej Tarkowski, John F. Kokai-Kun, James J. Mond y Simon J. Foster. "Characterization of IsaA and SceD, Two Putative Lytic Transglycosylases of Staphylococcus aureus". Journal of Bacteriology 189, n.º 20 (3 de agosto de 2007): 7316–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00734-07.

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ABSTRACT Bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is a dynamic structure requiring hydrolysis to allow cell wall growth and division. Staphylococcus aureus has many known and putative peptidoglycan hydrolases, including two likely lytic transglycosylases. These two proteins, IsaA and SceD, were both found to have autolytic activity. Regulatory studies showed that the isaA and sceD genes are partially mutually compensatory and that the production of SceD is upregulated in an isaA mutant. The expression of sceD is also greatly upregulated by the presence of NaCl. Several regulators of isaA and sceD expression were identified. Inactivation of sceD resulted in impaired cell separation, as shown by light microscopy, and “clumping” of bacterial cultures. An isaA sceD mutant is attenuated for virulence, while SceD is essential for nasal colonization in cotton rats, thus demonstrating the importance of cell wall dynamics in host-pathogen interactions.

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Tanious, René y Patrick Onghena. "Randomized Single-Case Experimental Designs in Healthcare Research: What, Why, and How?" Healthcare 7, n.º 4 (13 de noviembre de 2019): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare7040143.

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Health problems are often idiosyncratic in nature and therefore require individualized diagnosis and treatment. In this paper, we show how single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) can meet the requirement to find and evaluate individually tailored treatments. We give a basic introduction to the methodology of SCEDs and provide an overview of the available design options. For each design, we show how an element of randomization can be incorporated to increase the internal and statistical conclusion validity and how the obtained data can be analyzed using visual tools, effect size measures, and randomization inference. We illustrate each design and data analysis technique using applied data sets from the healthcare literature.

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Haq, Mohamed K. "Historical Evolution of Sustainable Community Economic Development in Business and Economics". GATR Journal of Business and Economics Review 6, n.º 3 (30 de diciembre de 2021): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/jber.2021.6.3(1).

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Objective - Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED) has gradually changed overtime from production philosophy to the welfare ideology of assuring a better future for a resilient community in business and economics. SCED contributesto poverty alleviation, employment generation, sustainable community design, disaster control and resilience, biodiversity protection, and much more.The objective of this study is to conduct a literature review of this concept fromthe global and Bangladeshi perspective. Methodology - Peer reviewed publications in English language were considered indexed on the Scopus and Web of Science database. The study designed 2timelines of SCED concept evolution based on the information derived from the existing peer-reviewed publications. Findings - Both timelines (global and Bangladeshi) were found interrelated on some points, especially the third phase of the global SCED connected with the first phase of Bangladesh's SCED timeline, immediately after the Liberation War. Novelty - The study concludes that SCED is an ever-changing area of research and future research would reveal more sustainable features that would increase the sustainability and resilience of the business community. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Economic Development; Community Economic Development; Sustainable Community Economic Development (SCED); Bangladesh; NGOs; MFIs. JEL Classification: F63, O1, O50.

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Xie, Qin, Zhen Zhou, Canjun Li y Shaoping Meng. "Parametric Analysis and Direct Displacement-Based Design Method of Self-Centering Energy-Dissipative Steel-Braced Frames". International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, n.º 08 (octubre de 2017): 1750087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417500870.

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The self-centering energy-dissipative (SCED) brace is a novel bracing element that can substantially reduce the residual deformation and enhance the reparability of structures. In this paper, nonlinear dynamic analyses have been conducted on a 4- and a 12-story steel-braced frame with SCED braces to study the effect of four important design parameters on the seismic performance of the SCED frames and recommendations are given for selection of the parameters. The parameters considered include the response modification coefficient [Formula: see text], the stiffness ratio of the brace [Formula: see text], the strength ratio of the brace [Formula: see text], and the fuse activation story drift [Formula: see text]. The relationship between the residual story drift and the peak story drift of the SCED frames is obtained based on these statistics. Finally, based on the equivalent linearization theory, a direct displacement-based design method applicable to the SCED frames, regarding both the peak story drift and residual story drift as the design objectives, is proposed.

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Turgut, Mehmet. "Şerefeddin Sabuncuoğlu (1385–1468) on Pediatric Skull Fractures". Pediatric Neurosurgery 44, n.º 4 (2008): 264–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000131674.

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Guo, Hui, Xiaoyan Wang, Zecheng Guo y Siyong Chen. "Assessing Snow Phenology and Its Environmental Driving Factors in Northeast China". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 2 (7 de enero de 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14020262.

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Snow cover is an important water source and even an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) as defined by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). Assessing snow phenology and its driving factors in Northeast China will help with comprehensively understanding the role of snow cover in regional water cycle and climate change. This study presents spatiotemporal variations in snow phenology and the relative importance of potential drivers, including climate, geography, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), based on the MODIS snow products across Northeast China from 2001 to 2018. The results indicated that the snow cover days (SCD), snow cover onset dates (SCOD) and snow cover end dates (SCED) all showed obvious latitudinal distribution characteristics. As the latitude gradually increases, SCD becomes longer, SCOD advances and SCED delays. Overall, there is a growing tendency in SCD and a delayed trend in SCED across time. The variations in snow phenology were driven by mean temperature, followed by latitude, while precipitation, aspect and slope all had little effect on the SCD, SCOD and SCED. With decreasing temperature, the SCD and SCED showed upward trends. The mean temperature has negatively correlation with SCD and SCED and positively correlation with SCOD. With increasing latitude, the change rate of the SCD, SCOD and SCED in the whole Northeast China were 10.20 d/degree, −3.82 d/degree and 5.41 d/degree, respectively, and the change rate of snow phenology in forested areas was lower than that in nonforested areas. At the same latitude, the snow phenology for different underlying surfaces varied greatly. The correlations between the snow phenology and NDVI were mainly positive, but weak correlations accounted for a large proportion.

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Peltier, Corey J., Kimberly J. Vannest y Josh J. Marbach. "A Meta-Analysis of Schema Instruction Implemented in Single-Case Experimental Designs". Journal of Special Education 52, n.º 2 (13 de marzo de 2018): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022466918763173.

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Identifying mathematical interventions that practitioners can implement to improve the mathematical problem solving (PS) of students is a need for the field. Literature on the PS performance of students with disabilities has grown; recently, schema instruction (SI) has been suggested as an evidence-based practice. The purpose of this study was to meta-analyze single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) that implemented SI with students identified with disabilities. A total of 16 studies, with 61 students identified with disabilities met the inclusion criteria. Tau U was used to report intervention effects; this decision was made because it is more robust than other nonoverlap methods and is frequently reported in published meta-analyses of SCEDs. Moderator analyses included grade of participants, use of technology, disability category, and the type of problems taught. The weighted aggregated Tau U was 88.29% (90% confidence interval [CI] = [80.5%, 96.1%]). Moderator analysis and implications for practice are discussed.

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Zhang, Yuanchao, Man S. Kim, Erin R. Reichenberger, Ben Stear y Deanne M. Taylor. "Scedar: A scalable Python package for single-cell RNA-seq exploratory data analysis". PLOS Computational Biology 16, n.º 4 (27 de abril de 2020): e1007794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007794.

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Zaleski, Rosemary, Hua Qian y Chris Money. "Specific Consumer Exposure Determinants (SCEDs) for Fuel and Lubricant Scenarios". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, n.º 1 (19 de septiembre de 2013): 3469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.o-3-31-05.

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Tanious, René y Rumen Manolov. "Violin plots as visual tools in the meta-analysis of Single-Case Experimental Designs". Methodology 18, n.º 3 (30 de septiembre de 2022): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/meth.9209.

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Despite the existence of sophisticated statistical methods, systematic reviews regularly indicate that single-case experimental designs (SCEDs) are predominantly analyzed through visual tools. For the quantitative aggregation of results, different meta-analytical techniques are available, but specific visual tools for the meta-analysis of SCEDs are lacking. The present article therefore describes the use of violin plots as visual tools to represent the raw data. We first describe the underlying rationale of violin plots and their main characteristics. We then show how the violin plots can complement the statistics obtained in a quantitative meta-analysis. The main advantages of violin plots as visual tools in meta-analysis are (a) that they preserve information about the raw data from each study, (b) that they have the ability to visually represent data from different designs in one graph, and (c) that they enable the comparison of score distributions from different experimental phases from different studies.

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Fan, Xiao-Wei, Long-He Xu y Zhong-Xian Li. "Behaviors Comparisons and Prediction of Pre-Pressed Spring Self-Centering Energy Dissipation Braces". International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, n.º 08 (agosto de 2018): 1840006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418400060.

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The pre-pressed spring self-centering energy dissipation (PS-SCED) brace that combines the friction energy dissipation mechanism with a self-centering member comprising combination disc springs is developed and experimentally studied. The configuration of the proposed bracing system is presented and a Bouc–Wen model-based restoring force model is proposed to predict its hysteretic behavior. Two large scale PS-SCED braces with different length and different types of disc springs are designed, fabricated, and tested under low cyclic reversed loadings, and results demonstrate that the PS-SCED brace exhibits stable and repeatable self-centering hysteretic responses with effective energy dissipation capacity. The ductility of the proposed bracing system can be enhanced by employing the disc springs with bearing surface, and increasing the length of the tube members or segments of the disc springs. The symmetry of the bearing force in tension and in compression meets the design requirement for bracing elements. And the proposed restoring force model can accurately portray the hysteretic behavior of the PS-SCED bracing system.

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Zulfiani, Zulfiani, Iwan Permana Suwarna y Sujiyo Miranto. "SCIENCE EDUCATION ADAPTIVE LEARNING SYSTEM AS A COMPUTER-BASED SCIENCE LEARNING WITH LEARNING STYLE VARIATIONS". Journal of Baltic Science Education 17, n.º 4 (20 de agosto de 2018): 711–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/jbse/18.17.711.

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Students with their different learning styles also have their own different learning approaches, and teachers cannot simultaneously facilitate them all. Teachers’ limitation in serving all students’ learning styles can be anticipated by the use of computer-based instructions. This research aims to develop ScEd-Adaptive Learning System (ScEd-ASL) as a computer-based science learning media by accommodating students’ learning style variations. The research method used is a mixed method at junior high schools in Tangerang Selatan. The final product of the research is a special learning media appropriate to students’ visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic learning styles. The uniqueness of the media is its form of integrated science materials, accommodating fast and slow learners, and appropriate to their learning styles. ScEd-Adaptive Learning System as a developed computer-based science learning media was declared as good and valid by four media experts and five learning material experts. ScEd-ALS for kinesthetic style has a high effectivity to improve students learning mastery (100%), consecutively aural (63%), read/write (55%), and visual (20%). This media development can be continued with the Android version or iOS to make it more operationally practical. Keywords: adaptive learning system, science learning media, computer-based instruction, learning style.

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28

Zulfiani, I. P. Suwarna y S. Miranto. "ScEd-ALS as ubiquitous learning in science". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1836, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 012067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1836/1/012067.

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29

AL-TAHIR, O. y M. AL-ABDULSALAM. "Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yecora rojo) Performance as Affected by Scedmg Rates and NItrogen FertIlizatIon". Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences 6, n.º 1 (1995): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/met.6-1.4.

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Chen, Junbai, Cheng Fang, Wei Wang y Yongqing Liu. "Variable-friction self-centering energy-dissipation braces (VF-SCEDBs) with NiTi SMA cables for seismic resilience". Journal of Constructional Steel Research 175 (diciembre de 2020): 106318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2020.106318.

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31

Qian, Hua, Rosemary Zaleski y Chris Money. "Approach for developing Specific Consumer Exposure Determinants (SCEDs) for Fuel and Lubricant Scenarios". ISEE Conference Abstracts 2013, n.º 1 (19 de septiembre de 2013): 3470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/isee.2013.p-1-22-02.

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32

Głowacka-Rutkowska, Aleksandra, Magdalena Ulatowska, Joanna Empel, Magdalena Kowalczyk, Jakub Boreczek y Małgorzata Łobocka. "A Kayvirus Distant Homolog of Staphylococcal Virulence Determinants and VISA Biomarker Is a Phage Lytic Enzyme". Viruses 12, n.º 3 (7 de marzo de 2020): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12030292.

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Staphylococcal bacteriophages of the Kayvirus genus are candidates for therapeutic applications. One of their proteins, Tgl, is slightly similar to two staphylococcal virulence factors, secreted autolysins of lytic transglycosylase motifs IsaA and SceD. We show that Tgl is a lytic enzyme secreted by the bacterial transport system and localizes to cell peripheries like IsaA and SceD. It causes lysis of E. coli cells expressing the cloned tgl gene, but could be overproduced when depleted of signal peptide. S. aureus cells producing Tgl lysed in the presence of nisin, which mimics the action of phage holin. In vitro, Tgl protein was able to destroy S. aureus cell walls. The production of Tgl decreased S. aureus tolerance to vancomycin, unlike the production of SceD, which is associated with decreased sensitivity to vancomycin. In the genomes of kayviruses, the tgl gene is located a few genes away from the lysK gene, encoding the major endolysin. While lysK is a late phage gene, tgl can be transcribed by a host RNA polymerase, like phage early genes. Taken together, our data indicate that tgl belongs to the kayvirus lytic module and encodes an additional endolysin that can act in concert with LysK in cell lysis.

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Shi, Yan, Zhanhong Zhang, Hongguo Qin, Xiangyu Zhao y Xiong Yang. "Lateral Seismic Response and Self-Centering Performance of a Long-Span Railway Continuous Beam-Arch Bridge". Shock and Vibration 2020 (5 de agosto de 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4547532.

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Based on the seismic isolation design concept of functional separation, a seismic isolation system with bearings and braces combination for railway bridge was proposed. The sliding bearings afford the vertical loads, and the self-centering energy dissipation brace (SCED) and buckling restrained brace (BRB) control the horizontal displacement of the beam, so the functional separation was achieved under the combined action. Taking a long-span railway continuous beam-arch bridge as an example, the corresponding analysis model was established to study lateral seismic response and the girder’s displacement pattern of the continuous beam-arch bridge under the earthquake excitations. The seismic response of bridges with different seismic isolation schemes was studied. The result showed that the presence of arch rib in a continuous beam-arch bridge amplifies the transverse displacement response of the girder compared with that in a continuous beam bridge of equal mass. The seismic isolation system with sliding bearings and energy dissipation braces can control the relative displacement between the pier and beam greatly, and the SCED can reduce or even eliminate the residual displacement between pier and beam. Furthermore, under the strong ground motions, the combined use of SCED and BRB can achieve the seismic isolation to the maximum extent when the self-centering force ratio ζ, the ratio of self-centering force to superstructure weight, is 0.074.

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34

Flores, BenJeMar-Hope y Hwachang Song. "Security-constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) Considering Load Level Uncertainty". INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL of FUZZY LOGIC and INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 22, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2022): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/ijfis.2022.22.2.128.

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35

Mantica, P. F., J. D. Robertson, E. M. Baum y W. B. Walters. "Level structure of the odd mass Pr isotopes. III. Levels ofPr88147populated in the beta decay of 56-sCe147". Physical Review C 48, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 1993): 1579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.48.1579.

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36

Ferguson, Robert J., Lauren Terhorst, Benjamin Gibbons, Donna M. Posluszny, Hsuan Chang, Dana H. Bovbjerg y Brenna C. McDonald. "Using Single-Case Experimental Design and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures to Evaluate the Treatment of Cancer-Related Cognitive Impairment in Clinical Practice". Cancers 15, n.º 18 (20 de septiembre de 2023): 4643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184643.

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Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) affects a large proportion of cancer survivors and has significant negative effects on survivor function and quality of life (QOL). Treatments for CRCI are being developed and evaluated. Memory and attention adaptation training (MAAT) is a cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) demonstrated to improve CRCI symptoms and QOL in previous research. The aim of this article is to describe a single-case experimental design (SCED) approach to evaluate interventions for CRCI in clinical practice with patient-reported outcome measures (PROs). We illustrate the use of contemporary SCED methods as a means of evaluating MAAT, or any CRCI treatment, once clinically deployed. With the anticipated growth of cancer survivorship and concurrent growth in the number of survivors with CRCI, the treatment implementation and evaluation methods described here can be one way to assess and continually improve CRCI rehabilitative services.

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37

Wang, Wanying y Baolin Sun. "VraCP regulates cell wall metabolism and antibiotic resistance in vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strain Mu50". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 76, n.º 7 (5 de mayo de 2021): 1712–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab113.

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Abstract Objectives Vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus (VISA) is increasingly being reported. Previous studies have shown that vraC and vraP may be involved in vancomycin resistance, although the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Methods The vraC (SAV0577), vraP (SAV0578) and vraCP mutants were constructed in Mu50 by allelic replacement. Some common VISA phenotypes were assessed in mutants, such as, susceptibility to the cell wall-associated antibiotics, cell wall thickness, autolysis activity and growth rate. RT-qPCR was performed to reveal the differential genes associated with these phenotypes. The binding abilities of VraC and VraCP to the promoters of target genes were determined by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results VraP forms a stable complex with VraC to preserve their own stability. The vraC, vraP and vraCP mutants exhibited increased susceptibility to the cell wall-associated antibiotics and thinner cell walls compared with the WT strain. Consistent with these phenotypes, RT-qPCR revealed downregulated transcription of glyS, sgtB, ddl and alr2, which are involved in cell wall biosynthesis. Moreover, the transcription of cell wall hydrolysis genes, including sceD, lytM and isaA, was significantly downregulated, supporting the finding that mutants exhibited reduced autolysis rates. EMSA confirmed that both VraC and VraCP can directly bind to the sceD, lytM and isaA promoter regions containing the consensus sequence (5′-TTGTAAN2AN3TGTAA-3′), which is crucial for the binding of VraCP with target genes. GFP-reporter assays further revealed VraC and VraCP can enhance promoter activity of sceD to positively regulate its expression. Conclusions vraCP plays a significant role in cell wall metabolism and antibiotic resistance in Mu50.

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Zulfiani, Z., Iwan Permana Suwarna y Sujiyo Miranto. "Improving Students’ Academic Achievement Using the ScEd-ALS Android-Based". International Journal of Instruction 14, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2021): 735–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/iji.2021.14241a.

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Cimoli, Mario, João Basilio Pereima y Gabriel Porcile. "Introduction to the special issue SCED: Complexity and economic development". Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 38 (septiembre de 2016): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2016.04.004.

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40

Bischi, Gian Italo, Akio Matsumoto y Edgar J. Sanchez Carrera. "Foreword to the SCED special issue on “Nonlinear Social Dynamics”". Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 52 (marzo de 2020): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.strueco.2019.11.003.

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41

Sariowan, H., R. L. Cruz y G. C. Polyzos. "SCED: a generalized scheduling policy for guaranteeing quality-of-service". IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking 7, n.º 5 (1999): 669–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.803382.

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42

Sreejith, Sekharan y Sishaj P. Simon. "Security Constrained Unit Commitment Incorporating Interline Power Flow Controller". Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 61, n.º 1 (10 de febrero de 2017): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.9460.

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Security-constrained unit commitment (SCUC) problem is solved using Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm incorporating Interline Power Flow Controller (IPFC). The objective of the SCUC problem is to obtain the minimum operating cost simultaneously maintaining the system security. The SCUC problem involves unit commitment as the main problem and security-constrained Economic Dispatch (SCED) as the sub problem. The solution of the SCUC problem is also investigated during contingency with a single line outage. Binary coded artificial bee colony (BABC) is used for solving the UC problem (master problem) and real coded artificial bee colony algorithm (RABC) is used for solving the SCED sub problem. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is tested and validated on a 6 bus system and an IEEE 118 bus test system. The effectiveness of IPFC in a power system network ensuring system security is thoroughly investigated and the results are compared with that of existing methods available in the literature.

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43

Yu, Ellen, Aparna Bhaskaran, Shang-Lin Chen, Zachary E. Ross, Egill Hauksson y Robert W. Clayton. "Southern California Earthquake Data Now Available in the AWS Cloud". Seismological Research Letters 92, n.º 5 (16 de junio de 2021): 3238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220210039.

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Abstract The Southern California Earthquake Data Center is hosting its earthquake catalog and seismic waveform archive in the Amazon Web Services (AWS) Open Dataset Program (s3://scedc-pds; us-west-2 region). The cloud dataset’s high data availability and scalability facilitate research that uses large volumes of data and computationally intensive processing. We describe the data archive and our rationale for the formats and data organization. We provide two simple examples to show how storing the data in AWS Simple Storage Service can benefit the analysis of large datasets. We share usage statistics of our data during the first year in the AWS Open Dataset Program. We also discuss the challenges and opportunities of a cloud-hosted archive.

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44

Ke, C. Q., X. C. Li, H. Xie, X. Liu y C. Kou. "Variability in snow cover phenology in China from 1952 to 2010". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, n.º 4 (30 de abril de 2015): 4471–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-4471-2015.

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Abstract. Daily snow observation data from 672 stations, particularly the 352 stations with over ten annual mean snow cover days (SCD), during 1952–2010 in China, are used in this study. We first examine spatiotemporal variations and trends of SCD, snow cover onset date (SCOD), and snow cover end date (SCED). We then investigate SCD relationships with number of days with temperature below 0 °C (TBZD), mean air temperature (MAT), and Arctic Oscillation (AO) index, the latter two being constrained to the snow season of each snow year. The results indicate that the heavy-snow years for the entire country include 1955, 1957, 1964, and 2010, and light-snow years include 1953, 1965, 1999, 2002, and 2009. The reduced TBZD and increased MAT are the main reasons for the overall delay of SCOD and advance of SCED since 1952, although it is not necessary for one station to experience both significantly delayed SCOD and early SCED. This explains why only 15% of the stations show significant shortening of SCD, while 75% of the stations show no significant change in the SCD trends. This differs with the overall shortening of the snow period in the Northern Hemisphere previously reported. Our analyses indicate that the SCD distribution pattern and trends in China are very complex and are not controlled by any single climate variable examined (i.e. TBZD, MAT, or AO), but a combination of multiple variables. It is found that the AO index has the maximum impact on the SCD shortening trends in Shandong Peninsula, Changbai Mountains, and North Xinjiang, while the combined TBZD and MAT have the maximum impact on the SCD shortening trends in the Loess Plateau, Xiaoxingganling, and Sanjiang Plain.

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Xu, Jingyi, Yao Tang, Jiahui Xu, Song Shu, Bailang Yu, Jianping Wu y Yan Huang. "Impact of Snow Cover Phenology on the Vegetation Green-Up Date on the Tibetan Plateau". Remote Sensing 14, n.º 16 (12 de agosto de 2022): 3909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14163909.

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Variations in snow cover resulting from global warming inevitably affect alpine vegetation growth on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), but our knowledge of such influences is still limited. Here, we investigated the relationship between snow cover and alpine vegetation during 2003–2020 on the TP using the satellite-derived vegetation green-up date (GUD) and metrics of snow cover phenology, namely the snow cover onset date (SCOD), snow cover end date (SCED), snow cover duration (SCD), and snowmelt onset date (SMOD). In this study, we first analyzed the spatiotemporal changes in the GUD and the snow cover phenology metrics on the TP. Pearson’s correlation, gray relation analysis, and linear regression were then employed to determine the impact of snow cover phenology on the GUD. Overall, with the SCOD, SCED, and SMOD delayed by one day, the GUD was advanced by 0.07 and 0.03 days and was postponed by 0.32 days, respectively, and a one-day extension of the SCD resulted in a 0.04-day advance in the GUD. In addition, the roles of vegetation type, topography, and climate factors (temperature and precipitation) in modulating the relationships between snow cover phenology and the GUD were evaluated. The GUD of alpine steppes was negatively correlated with the SCOD and SCED, contrary to that of the other vegetation types. The GUD of alpine steppes was also more sensitive to snow cover phenology than that of other vegetation types. The increase in elevation generally enhanced the sensitivity of the GUD to snow cover phenology. The GUD showed a stronger negative sensitivity to the SCD in warmer areas and a stronger positive sensitivity to the SMOD in wetter areas. Our findings revealed the essential impact of variation in snow cover phenology on the GUD and indicated the complex interference of environmental factors in the relationship between snow cover and vegetation growth.

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Ren, Chong, Lijuan Zhang y Bin Fu. "Unraveling Effect of Snow Cover on Spring Vegetation Phenology across Different Vegetation Types in Northeast China". Remote Sensing 15, n.º 19 (30 de septiembre de 2023): 4783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15194783.

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Snow cover has significantly changed due to global warming in recent decades, causing large changes in the vegetation ecosystem. However, the impact of snow cover changes on the spring phenology of different vegetation types in Northeast China remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the response of the start of the growing season (SOS) to different snow cover indicators using partial correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis in Northeast China from 1982 to 2015 based on multiple remote sensing datasets. Furthermore, we revealed the underlying mechanisms using a structural equation model. The results show that decreased snow cover days (SCD) and an advanced snow cover end date (SCED) led to an advanced SOS in forests. Conversely, an increased SCD and a delayed SCED led to an advanced SOS in grasslands. The trends of SCD and SCED did not exhibit significant changes in rainfed cropland. The maximum snow water equivalent (SWEmax) increased in most areas. However, the proportion of the correlation between SWEmax and SOS was small. The impact of snow cover changes on the SOS varied across different vegetation types. Snow cover indicators mainly exhibited positive correlations with the SOS of forests, including deciduous broadleaf forests and deciduous coniferous forests, with positive and negative correlations of 18.61% and 2.58%, respectively. However, snow cover indicators mainly exhibited negative correlations in the SOS of grasslands and rainfed croplands, exhibiting positive and negative correlations of 4.87% and 13.06%, respectively. Snow cover impacted the SOS through the “temperature effect” in deciduous broadleaf forests, deciduous coniferous forests, and rainfed croplands, while it affected SOS through the “moisture effect” in grasslands. These results provide an enhanced understanding of the differences in snow cover changes affecting SOS in different vegetation types under climate change in Northeast China.

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Petrevska, Marina, F. Virginia Wright, Ajmal Khan, Sarah Munce, Darcy Fehlings y Elaine Biddiss. "Evaluating the impact of movement tracking feedback on engagement with home exercise programmes of children with cerebral palsy using a new therapy app: a protocol for a mixed-methods single-case experimental design with alternating treatments". BMJ Open 14, n.º 3 (marzo de 2024): e082761. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082761.

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IntroductionChildren with cerebral palsy (CP) are prescribed home exercise programmes (HEPs) to increase the frequency of movement practice, yet adherence to HEPs can be low. This paper outlines the protocol for a single-case experimental design (SCED) with alternating treatments, using a new home therapy exercise application, Bootle Boot Camp (BBCamp), offered with and without movement tracking feedback. This study will explore the impact of feedback on engagement, movement quality, lower limb function and family experiences to help understand how technology-supported HEPs should be translated and the added value, if any, of movement tracking technology.Methods and analysisIn this explanatory sequential mixed-methods study using a SCED, 16 children with CP (aged 6–12 years, Gross Motor Function Classification System levels I–II) will set lower limb goals and be prescribed an individualised HEP by their physiotherapist to complete using BBCamp on their home television equipped with a three-dimensional camera-computer system. Children will complete four weekly exercise sessions over 6 weeks. Children will be randomised to 1 of 16 alternating treatment schedules where BBCamp will provide or withhold feedback during the first 4 weeks. The version of BBCamp that results in the most therapeutic benefit will be continued for 2 final weeks. Goals will be re-evaluated and families interviewed. The primary outcome is adherence (proportion of prescribed exercise repetitions attempted) as a measure of behavioural engagement. Secondary outcomes are affective and cognitive engagement (smiley face ratings), exercise fidelity, lower limb function, goal achievement and participant experiences. SCED data will be analysed using visual and statistical methods. Quantitative and qualitative data will be integrated using joint displays.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Boards at Bloorview Research Institute and the University of Toronto. Results will be distributed through peer-reviewed journals and scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05998239; pre-results.

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Zhu, Ze Lei, Wen Wen Wang, Qiang Li, Cui Hui Yan y Sai Dai. "Multi-Period Generation Scheduling Optimization Model and its Application". Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (diciembre de 2012): 850–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.850.

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Generation scheduling depended on accurate boundary conditions. Before the actual implementation, optimization result of day-ahead schedule was needed to be rolling corrected by two periods of intraday scheduling and real-time scheduling. It was key problem to establish optimization models which adapt to different dispatch period and coordinate different period generation scheduling for to achieving the best optimization results. This paper first discussed coordination mode of different period generation scheduling; Then, the mathematical models were established for day-ahead scheduling, intraday scheduling and real-time scheduling; Day-ahead scheduling and intraday scheduling including SCUC and SCED, intraday scheduling including SCED, and optimization goals were the minimum total cost of generation. In addition to boundary conditions, the difference between day-ahead scheduling and intraday scheduling model was that the optimal range from all units into AGC units; In real-time operation stage, the optimized objective was the minimum deviation between real-time schedule and intraday schedule for AGC units. Through practical application in a provincial, it proves that the proposed model is correct and effective.

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B, SENAPATI y DASH A.N. "INSECTICIDAL CONTROL OF CASTOR SEMILOOPER AND CAPSULE BOREF". Madras Agricultural Journal 76, January (1989): 40–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a02026.

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Field evaluation of 12 insecticides against the semilooper, Achaea janeta L. and the capsule borer, Conogethcs (Dichocrocis) punctileralis Guen, of castor indicated that the best control of the semilooper and higher sced yield were obtained with endosulfan 0.5 Kg a.i. / ha when sprayed thrice at 21 days interval from 48 days after sowing castor.

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K, INDIRA y DHARMALINGAM C. "SEED DEVELOPMENT AND MATURATION IN FENUGREEK". Madras Agricultural Journal 83, April (1996): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01013.

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Sced maturation studies in fenugreek ev. Co I indicated that the seeds attained harvestable maturity 45 days after anthesis as evident from maximum germination and vigour. The seed moisture content at this stage was around 20 per cent. The seeds attained physiological maturity 40 days after anthesis as indicated by maximum dry weight of seed.

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