Tesis sobre el tema "Santé publique – Colombie – Histoire"
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Garcia, Garcia Victor Manuel. "La construction et la régulation du marché des médicaments en Colombie (1914-1971) : contribution à une histoire de la mondialisation du médicament". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020EHES0178.
Based on the analysis of documentary sources from Colombian national archives, documents from pharmaceutical laboratories and the national and international press, this thesis studies the emergence of the pharmaceutical industry and the regulation of the drug market in Colombia during the 20th century between 1914 and 1971. The thesis shows how, during the mentioned period, the State was a fundamental actor regarding the regulation in the quality of pharmacology, promoting industrialization and local pharmaceutical production and increasing access to treatments. The first part of the thesis examines the configuration of a national pharmaceutical market, through the process of transformation of pharmacies into pharmaceutical companies and the emergence of pharmaceuticals as a public health problem that should be regulated. The thesis shows the scope of the private laboratory creation movement since the first decades of the 20th century. It analyzes the creation of a national laboratory for biological and pharmaceutical products with the cooperation of the Rockefeller Foundation in 1926, the Samper Martínez laboratory. This public laboratory became a fundamental tool for pharmaceutical regulation in Colombia. The thesis describes the exchanges between scientific immigrants, international philanthropy, industrialists and the Colombian State that allowed the emergence of a very active local industry.The second part of the thesis analyzes the state policy of the 1940s to strengthen and regulate the pharmaceutical industry in the field of chemistry and biological products. It examines the expropriation policy of German laboratories during the Second World War and the regulation of the controversial biological products of a Spanish company in the context of a state influenced by pharmaceutical interests.The third part of the thesis studies the policy of the Colombian State to create a generic drug market at the beginning of the 1960s, in direct relation to the debate introduced in the United States on drug prices and patent regulation by Senator Estes Kefauver. The compilation of the oral testimony of Dr José Félix Patiño, Minister of Health in that period, as well as the analysis of the public debate in Colombia, provides valuable information on the history of generic drugs. The presence of a new generic drug industry encouraged governments to undertake a reform of the pharmaceutical patent system in 1971, in parallel with reforms carried out at the same time in Brazil and India
A partir del análisis de fuentes documentales provenientes de archivos nacionales colombianos, documentos de laboratorios farmacéuticos y de la prensa nacional e internacional, esta tesis estudia la emergencia de la industria farmacéutica y la regulación del mercado de medicamentos en Colombia durante el siglo XX entre 1914 y 1971. La tesis da cuenta de cómo el Estado se constituyó durante este período como actor fundamental en la regulación de la calidad de los medicamentos en circulación, incentiva la industrialización y la producción farmacéutica local y amplia el acceso a los tratamientos. La primera parte de la tesis examina la configuración de un mercado nacional de medicamentos, a través del proceso de transformación de las farmacias en empresas farmacéuticas y del surgimiento del medicamento como un problema de salud pública que debía ser regulado. La tesis muestra el alcance del movimiento de creación de laboratorios privados desde las primeras décadas del siglo XX y analiza la creación de un laboratorio nacional de productos biológicos y farmacéuticos con la ayuda de la Fundación Rockefeller en 1926, el laboratorio Samper Martínez. Este laboratorio público se convirtió en una herramienta fundamental para la regulación farmacéutica en Colombia. La tesis describe los intercambios entre inmigrantes científicos, filantropía internacional, industriales y el Estado colombiano que permitieron el surgimiento de una industria local muy activa. La segunda parte de la tesis analiza la política estatal de la década de 1940 para fortalecer y regular la industria farmacéutica en el campo de la química farmacéutica y los productos biológicos. Examina la política de expropiación a los laboratorios alemanes durante la segunda guerra mundial y la regulación de los polémicos productos biológicos de una empresa española en el contexto de un estado influenciado por intereses farmacéuticos. La tercera parte de la tesis estudia la política del Estado colombiano para crear un mercado de medicamentos genéricos a principios de la década de 1960, en relación directa con el debate introducido en Estados Unidos sobre los precios de los medicamentos y la regulación de patentes por el senador Estes Kefauver. Gracias a la recopilación del testimonio oral del Dr. José Félix Patiño, Ministro de Salud en ese periodo, así como al análisis del debate público en Colombia, la tesis brinda información valiosa sobre la historia de los medicamentos genéricos. La presencia de una nueva industria de medicamentos genéricos alentó a los gobiernos a emprender una reforma al sistema de patentes farmacéuticas en 1971, en paralelo con las reformas llevadas a cabo al mismo tiempo en Brasil y la India
Bello, Urrego Alejandra. "La gestion moderne de la souffrance : généalogie du corps souffrant en Colombie". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA080132.
Paradoxically, being controlled and disciplined by the medical institution is a privilege, since only some people can access it. This paradox constitutes the starting point: to explore the relationship between the processes of construction and management of the suffering body and the configuration of a particular form of power, as it is expressed in the development of modern medicine in Colombia; and to establish the genealogy of an imperial governmentality based on the medical predation of bodies.This work tries to demonstrate the leading role of the global circulation of discourses on the sick body in the naturalization of a global and colonial distribution of suffering. The construction and management of this body, coordinated on a global scale, continue to naturalize this distribution guaranteeing that suffering is effectively inscribed in the bodies. This dosage of suffering conditions a properly modern ontological system defined on a scale that goes from the human to the object.The conceptual and methodological framework from which this problem is addressed is an attempt to answer the question: how to criticize modernity through the tools of modern episteme (mainly within the knowledge known as academic)? For this, this analysis frames dialogues with the ways of thinking of: black feminism, feminism of the third world of the United States, decolonial turn, and Latin American anti-racist feminisms. This analysis is also inspired by the Andean epistemological perspective (the science of Aymara-Quechua weaving). Additionally, this work dialogues with postcolonial studies on medicine and with the history of emotions.3
Miquel-Taboada, Régine. "Les infirmités lépreuses en Colombie et leur prévention : un problème de santé publique". Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11071.
Pardo, Florez Fernando Alexei. "La décentralisation de l'Etat en Colombie : Evolution d'une politique publique". Paris 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA020060.
Estrada, Orrego Victoria E. "La valeur des chiffres : la production et les usages des statistiques démographiques et de santé publique en Colombie 1886-1947". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0172.
This thesis aims at understanding how the quantitative knowledge about public health and population were generated in Colombia. The first part examines the origin of the national statistics offices is. It analyzes the ways of production as well as of the uses of demographic and public health data. During this time, statistics figures were institutionalized and officialized. The process of transformation of the population from being an object of study to becoming a main part of state policies throughout the country history is studied. This constitutes a change in the methods of censoring and quantification of the vital statistics. The second part analyzes the formulation and use of statistics on two case studies: the campaign against child mortality and the control of epidemics. These examples illustrate how the statistics become a validation tool and a pattern measuring of the population's health status. The third part studies the conception and use of statistics for implementing national programs of health against ankylostomiasis and tuberculosis during 1920-1940 years, and tries to put into perspective the social and political implications. The Rockefeller foundation played a specific role in the development of the medical statistics in Colombia. The training of experts in vital statistics and public health planned by this foundation brought about the application of the North America hygienist model in Colombia. The medical literature in Colombia indulged in the overuse of tuberculosis statistical figures to gain the attention of public power to obtain funding for campaigns
Crochet, Françoise Soizick. "Étude ethnographique des pratiques familiales de santé au Cambodge". Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100211.
Cambodia, through its turbulent and violent years, has often been defined as "composed of families". Its public health structures are plagued by corruption and low levels of utilization, wlûle children suffer from a great number of tropical diseases and problems related to poverty (malnutrition, measles, diarrhea. . . ). The first part, of this thesis describes the province and village of fiel. D-work, their economy and type of households. The second part is an analysis of the official health system and its history. The third part details the rituals and health practices during pregnancy, childbirth and first episodes of childhood illnesses. More than the traditional practitioners, women, and especially mothers, are the first to diagnose and treat family ailments, thanks to their knowledge of plants and their use of simple, daily objects present in the house and its surroundings. Popular medicine is often criticised b y health professionals, particularly when it involves self-medication. Yet, millions of children owe their health and well-being to the domestic and sanitary activities of the mothers
Leti, Geneviève. "Santé et société esclavagiste : la Martinique (1802-1848) : mythes et réalités". Antilles-Guyane, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AGUY0227.
Is good physical and mental health compatible with slave society? The answer is no. Therefore, it seemed to us to be particulary interested to study health in Martinique from 1802 to 1848 from the viewpoint of attitudes. How did people view their situation? What relationship was established between the tropical climate and diseases? How far did the doctors and the population blame their situation for the diseases prevalent in the country? What role did hippocratic and galenic medecine play? How did the different social groups treat their diseases? What was the size of the medical corps? What was the role of local healers and empirics? Were treatments from metropolitan France especially the Smallpox vaccination, used in the island? What repercussions are there on the Martinique of today? betwwen 1802 and 1848, The home straight leading to the abolition of slavery, were there any improvements in the life of the inhabitants of the colonies and therefore in their health, in particulary after the ending of the slave trade? Can a study of Martinique serve as a model in this field? There are some of the questions which we shall try to answer in this thesis by trying to distinguish between myth and reality
Rincon, Restrepo Claudia. "Didactique du texte littéraire dans l’enseignement universitaire du français en Colombie : Histoire, actualité et perspectives". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA069.
The aim of this doctoral thesis is to examine the main features of the teaching of French literature in the training of future teachers ofFrench in Colombian public university programs. To better understand the current situation, we shall first trace the history of the Colombianuniversity and its role as broadcasting agent of the French language, the objectives of the teaching of this language, its evolution from first tosecond foreign language during the XXth century and the position of literary education, that was at first very much centered on languagestudy and subsequently separated from it. At the same time, we shall describe the texts, authors, methodologies and literary exercisesperformed at each period. We shall then describe the current Colombian institutional environment of education and based on data collectedthrough a field search using several tools enabling us to confront the points of view of students, and professors and persons in charge of theFrench teacher training programs, we shall become acquainted with the current practices and didactic approaches of literary texts both inFrench learning courses and French literature courses. The institutions selected for this study are the National University of Colombia and theNational Pedagogical University in Bogotá, and the University of Antioquia in Medellín. The field work will also allow us to appreciate thedifficulties that could appear during the study of literature in universities, which may partly explain why this kind of work is relativelyneglected, mainly during the learning process of the language. Moreover, this study will lead us to ponder on the future of French teachingtraining programs and the place of education in literature in universities, presently strongly contested, and the challenges that universitiesmust overcome to continue to ensure a place for humanities. Then, taking into account the results of the field search and the current contextof education, we will explore the possible and desirable evolutions in the study of French literature. We will suggest an approach in foursteps to reintroduce literature study in the language learning courses, based on the intercultural dimension of the language and on theenlargement of the literary corpus towards francophone literature, aiming at improving the literary training of future teachers of French.Finally, we will propose two didactic approaches to study literary texts of different periods and origins for different training levels
Kourdo, Marie-Hélène. "La responsabilité médicale de 1789 à 1914". Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40031.
Medical responsability has always been omnipresent during centuries. It is relative to the errors commited by practicioners in the art of curing. The french revolution liberates the practioners from the constituent bodies, puts obstacles to medical structures and favours charlatans who are freely practising in health. Neverthless, the thermidorian convention and the directory reorganise the art of curing as the consulate did before, when working for the public health protection, by keeping the right to cure others to holders of diplomas and by excluding theorically the charlatans and empirics with the help of laws. The law (19 ventose an xi) is relative to medical doctors, health officers and midwives and includes penalties against those practising these kinds of professions being unqualified. Other texts, as the opinion given by the council of state falicitates the intervention of nuns and monks in health. The law (21 germinal an xi) regulates the professions of chemists, grocers, druggists, herbalists and distillers to make empiricism disappear. The law of november 30th, 1892, aims to remedy deficiencies included in law of (ventose an xi). The medical responsability is criminal or contractual in law, and based upon the medical errors, the personal acts and the choice of prophylaxis in medicine, surgery and obstetrics. The medical secrecy and the act of other professionals in health are responsible as well for their own acts. The quackery of authorized personnel is a case of responsability as well as the illegal practise of medecine. Those are guilty because they go beyong their own attributions. Continually denounced by medical doctors, the social bane of quackery remains strong, a fortiori when it comes from nuns or monks against whom the jurisprudence is always timorous
Brimo, Sara. "L'Etat et la protection de la santé des travailleurs". Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020080.
Tilles, Gérard. "Histoire des bibliothèques médicales et des musées des hôpitaux de l'Assistance publique à Paris : l'exemple de l'hôpital Saint-Louis". Paris 12, 1995. http://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histmed/asclepiades/pdf/tilles_1995_1.pdf.
The medical libraries abd the museums were set in the paris hospitals from the 1860's untill the 1900's. The first part of this work will describe their creation, ebrichment and evolution. The museum of saint-louis hospital and the henri feulard library will the matter of special interest. In the second part of this thesis, the teaching system of medecine, the influence of the german universities and the inferiori ty of the french school of medicine will be analyzed. The exem ple of the french school of dermatology will be studied. In the third part, the teaching value of the museums, their actual signification, their presnt condition and the situa tion of the medical libraries in the assistance publique hos pitals will be analyzed
Ndiaye, Ahmeth. "La santé au Sénégal entre médecine curative et médecine préventive : 1895-1945". Montpellier 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON30042.
Having defined the subjects and his objectives, the author exposes the debuts of the sanitary action over a period going from 1895 till 1914, by presenting the environment and the people, as well as the search for a medical policy by France. The reorientations of the medical policy: the remedial medicine and the medicine of mass (1914-1934) constitutes the second part of this work clarifying the colonial boom and the first results. The development of the health service: 1935-1945, concerning the News deal and the activity of the health service constitutes the conclusion of this work
Goyette, Manon. "Des vestiges d'une arrière-cour à l'histoire de l'hygiène publique à Québec au XIXe siècle : la troisième campagne de fouilles archéologiques à l'îlot Hunt (1993)". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ45477.pdf.
Fredon, Annie. "Les syndicats, contre-pouvoir utile ou parasite dans les établissements publics de santé : exemple de l'A.P.-H.P". Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081489.
Munayeno, Muvova. "Les infections sexuellement transmissibles (maladies vénériennes) et la santé publique au Congo: contribution à l'histoire socio-épidémiologique des IST en milieux urbains (1885-1960)". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210102.
négligée par des chercheurs africains spécialistes en sciences sociales, en raison notamment du tabou
qui entoure la sexualité dans ce continent. Toutefois, les dernières décennies ont donné lieu à plusieurs
recherches menées principalement par les Européens africanistes sur ces pathologies grâce à
l’émergence de la pandémie actuelle du Sida. La plupart des travaux réalisés sont axés sur les facteurs
de risque, les mécanismes de diffusion, les croyances et les attitudes populaires face à ces maladies, les
politiques de lutte, etc. Mais les études historiques consacrées aux IST sont très rares. Celles qui
existent ont surtout mis en évidence la dimension démographique axée sur le problème de la dénatalité
en laissant dans l’ombre le contexte socio-historique et les conditions socio-épidémiologiques de
propagation de ces affections. Au moment où le Sida fait des ravages dans le monde et tout
particulièrement en Afrique subsaharienne, l’intérêt d’une réflexion historique sur les IST au Congo
n’est plus à démontrer.
Contrairement à une affirmation classiquement admise dans la littérature, selon laquelle la
lutte contre les IST au sein de la population congolaise fut un franc succès pour les autorités coloniales
surtout après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, cette thèse montre plutôt l’augmentation de la prévalence
des IST dans le temps. Les archives inédites et l’analyse des données révèlent que cette progression
continue est la conséquence de l'urbanisation accélerée et de la monétarisation de la société et de la sexualité entraînant des modes de vie propres à la société coloniale urbaine. Les villes issues de ce processus deviendront non seulement des espaces
d’acculturation et de modernité, mais aussi des lieux d’expansion de ces maladies. Le développement
de la prostitution et la multiplicité des partenaires sexuels, à travers les unions plus libres et
momentanées, sont les principaux facteurs explicatifs de cette observation.
On présente généralement de manière panégyrique l’oeuvre sanitaire coloniale de la Belgique
au Congo comme ‘‘modèle’’. Pourtant, aucune étude n’a déjà été menée pour examiner, de manière
chiffrée, les aspets liés aux différences de santé entre les Congolais et les Blancs. Cette
dissertation vient combler les lacunes existantes dans ce domaine. De ce point de vue, il en résulte de
fortes inégalités et des déséquilibres persistants de santé entre ces deux types de populations. Les Congolais beaucoup plus
nombreux, socialement défavorisés, ne bénéficient que d’une situation peu ou moins favorable ;tandis
que les Blancs, socialement plus favorisés, bénéficient en général d’une meilleure situation sanitaire.
Plusieurs indicateurs élaborés dans ce travail sont révélateurs de cette réalité coloniale, en termes
d’équipements sanitaires, d’accès et d’utilisation de soins et d’état de santé différencié./
The issue of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in Africa has long been neglected by
researchers African social scientists, particularly because of the taboo surrounding sexuality in Africa.
However, recent decades have resulted in several research conducted mainly by the European
Africanists on these diseases through the emergence of the current pandemic of AIDS. Most of studies
are focused on risk factors, distribution mechanisms, the popular attitudes about these infections,
control policies. But historical studies on STI are seldom examined. Those that exist are mainly
concerning the demographic dimension focuses on the problem of declining birth, leaving the socio-historical
and socio-epidemiological spread of such diseases. While AIDS is ravaging the world and
especially in sub-Saharan Africa, one thing to mention is that the interest of historical reflection on
STI in the Congo is obvious.
Contrary to an assertion conventionally accepted in the literature, that the fight against
gonorrhea and syphilis among the Congolese population was a success for the colonial authorities,
especially after the Second World War, our thesis shows rather the increasing prevalence of STI. The
archives and analysis of data indicates this continued progress is the result of special conditions of
industrialization and urbanization colonial that make people vulnerable. Cities from this historical
process will not only areas of acculturation and modernity, but also places for expansion of these
diseases. The development of prostitution and multiple sexual partners through free and temporary
unions are the main factors explaining this observation.
It has generally praises how the actions of Belgian colonial health in the Congo as 'model'.
However, no study has been conducted to establish or to compare quantitatively the health status
between Blacks (Congolese) and Withes (Europeans in majority). This essay shows the social health
inequalities among these two populations. The Congolese many in number, but more socially
disadvantaged have only less favorable conditions to health. While the white people, socially
privileged, generally have better health status. Several indicators developed in this study are revealing
of the colonial reality in terms of sanitation, access and use of care and health status differential.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Alvarez, Márquez Juan. "Société et épidémies au Rio de la Plata : Montevideo au XIXe siècle". Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA030016.
Montevideo leave in the nineteenth century some epidemics. Cholera and yellow fever are presents in the scene of the state and society, with a lot of importants changes. The urban systems are ready to fight infectious diseases. The society built around death and fear a lot of ideas, necessary to found a imaginaty around the epidemic phenomenon
Wanecq, Charles-Antoine. "Sauver, protéger et soigner : une histoire des secours d’urgence en France (années 1920-années 1980)". Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0039.
This dissertation deals with the elaboration and the social uses of the notion of vital emergency in contemporary France. The concept of emergency – defined as a need for urgent action to avoid death - constitutes an increasingly common form of medical care. Based on a study of multiple sources, including the archives of physicians, administrations, hospitals and associations, this doctoral research aims at understanding the social, economic and political processes set in motion by an accident, when one or several human lives are threatened. During the interwar period, the innovative medical and surgical techniques of the First World War were seldom implemented in the civilian world ; however the nuclear risk and the increasing mortality rate caused by road acccidents led to an organization of emergency medical services in public hospitals. This public policy was overseen by a division of the Ministry of Health. Through an analysis of the division of labour and of the technical devices which rationalized the provision of emergency care, this dissertation changes the focus of the debates on the value of human lives in the history of health and of the institutions in charge of the protection of populations
Vanel, Julia. "De l'éducation sanitaire à la promotion de la santé : Enjeux et organisation des savoirs au coeur de l'action publique sanitaire (internationale)". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV033/document.
This doctoral thesis is an intellectual contribution to the analysis of the unquestionable, process of internationalization of public health policies. Starting from a precise and even narrow point—the transition from “health education” to “health promotion” in the discourses and practices put forward by the World Health Organization (WHO)—we retrace the historical and political representations that shape public health-related policies at the international level. This interdisciplinary work, at the crossroad of the history of ideas and the international public policies analysis, is based on an innovating methodology which articulates an intellectual and empirical research to the analysis of the history and the functions of the WHO.This history is one of knowledge intertwining with games of power and institutional processes in shifting contexts. Starting with the emergence as early as the XVIIIth century of health education as a strategy for changing personal behaviors and its inclusion far later in the WHO structure, we move to the question of (international) public (health) policies transformations. The progressive affirmation of health promotion in the 1980’s reflects how WHO instances reframed the meaning of their work, when confronted to the tensions provoked by the shifting balance of well-established conceptions, and how they modified their discourse and their practice in order to keep or acquire a capacity to influence public action.. Above all, our research shows that (international) public health policies are today characterized by a attempt to combine—in a context of complexified issues and increased heterogeneity in knowledge as well as of a greater number of stakeholders in public health (action)—an array of legitimizing discourses ranging from the defense of individual freedom and the need for collective action on behalf of health as a “common good” to (individual and collective) strategies of action that are not only different but often conflicting
Aim, Marie-Anastasie. "De la socialisation sanitaire à la santé comme phénomène représentationnel : socio-construction d'une "évidence"". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0350.
This thesis aims to question the genesis of the “common sense” meanings associated with health per se. Particular attention will be paid to the integration of health systems and socio-cultural systems into the content and processes of this phenomenon. It also explores the relationship between sex/gender and health, the issues of which are still relatively invisible. Motivated by the objectives of this thesis and by the characteristics specific to our research subject, “integrative” socio-representational approaches and pluri-methodological approaches were adopted. Thus, this thesis seeks to study the meanings associated with health while developing a theoretical-methodological reflection on the field of social representations. Nine studies were conducted with various populations. Results enabled to highlight the close link between health education and health for education. In general, participants have health-related knowledge that is both polysemic and polyphasic, and this from childhood. This active learning is the result of real-life experiences and “scientific” knowledge relayed by various actors. Health-related knowledge is embodied in and through the social roles and places that people occupy, particularly in relation to their imposed identities such as sex/gender and age group. At a theoretical-methodological level, this thesis invites us to consider the relevance of using an integrative socio-representational approach to think about complex phenomena as well as the need to articulate characteristics of the methods and characteristics of the research objects studied
Leblanc, Josée. "Santé et conditions de vie dans la France du dix-neuvième siècle". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24674/24674.pdf.
Naud, François-Xavier. "L'État et la prévention sanitaire au dix-neuvième siècle". Bordeaux 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR40003.
Tezi, Rodrigue. "La professionnalisation de la pédiatrie au Gabon : histoire et anthropologie d'une spécialité médicale". Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0306.
The professionalization of paediatrics goes back up to the colonial period. The conceptions of the ill child have evolved since those of colonial doctors, missionaires and nurses of cradle have until those of Gaboneses postcolonial politics. In 1980, the missions of paediatrics were redefined by the Gaboneses political authorities which set up structures of education and research. At present, in spite of improvment of the condition of hospitalization of children and the modernization of the structure of care, Gabonese paediatricians exercise their profession in a deficit of materials. Further more, the introductions of the health record of child in paediatrical consultations, and the usage of prescriptions have entailed incomprehensions and tensions between families and paedeatricians. Those ones consult the structures of care only in case of emergency. But they do not stop demanding free hospital care as it happened during the first twenty years of the independance and during the colonization. However, the difficult conditions of employment to which paediatricians are facing, lead them to borrow different ways to improve their social situation. So, some of them get involved into politics while others turn to liberal careers. Those trajectories show that Gabonese paediatricians build their porfessional identity in a dynamic way
Capella, Audric. "L’encadrement des professions libérales en France : l’exemple du corps médical de la IIIe à la IVe République. De la conception à la confirmation des ordres de santé". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE0026.
The regulation of liberal professions in France was increasingly considered necessary since the events of the French Revolution leading to the sudden dissolution of corporations. The increase of judiciary scandals involving health professionals during the Third Republic revived the question of surveillance and control of liberal activities and caused an important debate in French society. Facing the incapacity of public authorities to defend their moral and material interests, some medical practitioners took the initiative to join together to form associations and, later on, unions, before demanding the establishment of mandatory groups which would be charged with remedying issues such as the commercialization of medicine, medical failures and saturation of the profession. These aspirations would finally be realized and even exceeded with the rise of the Vichy regime and the implementation of a corporate policy, leading to the creation of eight professional associations, with five of them dedicated to the medical field. As regulatory bodies and unique representatives of the profession, these associations of doctors, pharmacists, dental surgeons, midwives and veterinarians were entitled to discipline the medical community and support their members. However, due to their forced implication in the discriminatory and anti-Semitic policies of the Vichy Government, those organizations were quickly dissolved at the Liberation before being restored, alongside the unions, on Republican basis
Hohmann, Sophie. "Santé et changement social en Ouzbékistan : recours thérapeutiques et politiques sanitaires". Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0074.
This work aims at displaying continuities and discontinuities in terms of public health occuring in Uzbekistan, before and after the soviet period. A first link is established with ancestral health systems (Greek, Persian and Chinese) in the pre-colonial period. Modern medecine in brought in with the Russian colonization at the end of the 19th century. Then the creation of the Soviet Union brings a uniform system of public health, wich however will reveal its limits. The analysis of the contemporary period focuses on the relationships between traditional and modern medecine, using both in-depth knowledge and interviews of health actors and quantitative data. It shows the complex evolutions occuring in this period of intense social and political changes, symbolized by the recent legitimization of the physicians-tabibs
Mestre, Claire. "Un hôpital à Madagascar : analyse anthropologique de la confrontation des pouvoirs, des savoirs et des représentations à l'hôpital de Toamasina". Bordeaux 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR21018.
Leroy, Valériane. "Infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 chez la femme en Afrique : épidémiologie, histoire naturelle et implications de santé publique à propos d'études menées au Rwanda, 1988-1995". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28407.
Sendzik, Walter. "The 1832 Montreal cholera epidemic : a study in state formation". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37236.pdf.
Ermakoff, Antoine. "Le conseil général d'administration des hospices civils de Paris : science d'administration des hôpitaux et médecine clinique (1801-1832)". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA070039.
This Ph. D. Thesis aims at bringing to light a part of clinical medicine's genealogy, through an original and forgotten institution: the Conseil General d'Administration des Hospices Civils de Paris Designed by the prefet of the Seine department and the Interior ministry, this institution - direct ancestor of the Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris — is the first one to rule the whole welfare scheme of the city (i. E. Hospitals, hospices, home relief, orphanage), from 1801 to 1848. However, no academic work has ever been dedicated to it, even though the hospitals it was in charge of harboured at this very period one of the most famous - and commented - moment of clinical medicine. The first objective here is to fill an historiographic deficiency, and to situate the institution within its own political and administrative context, thus revealing one of the many aspects through which the political power commits itself to health and medicine. The second and third chapters deal with crucial convergences, or points of agreement, between medicine and administration, which allowed hospitals to become the primary place for clinical medicine. The careful examination of the "conditions of possibility" of this process of "medicalisation" shows the epistemological importance of its administrative dimensions. At an inter-hospital level (population sorting, setting of specialised facilities) as well as an intra-hospital one (practice guidelines, scriptural instruments, means of patients surveillance and monitoring), clinical medicine and administration borrowed one another's tools and processes, ending up in constructing together a shared object: the hospital for the sick patient
Boivin, Jérôme. "« État protecteur - État promoteur » La campagne antivénérienne dans le Québec de l'entre-deux-guerres". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25240/25240.pdf.
Houle, Jean-Sébastien. "La médicalisation de la mort par les médecins hygiénistes de 1887 à 1922 : le Conseil d'hygiène de la province de Québec et l'encadrement des rites et des lieux funéraires". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24986/24986.pdf.
Gay, Renaud. "L'Etat hospitalier : réformes hospitalières et formation d'une administration spécialisée en France : (années 1960 - années 2000)". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH014.
The « neoliberal statization » of French hospital system is a well-established paradox that our research reexamines through two ways. The first one is historical. It consists in studying managerial reformism which emerged in the 1960s, whereas most investigations are focused on policies implemented after the 1980s. The second one is organizational. The statization is to be understood less as proliferation of norms and procedures in hospitals than as the formation and the stabilization of public specialized organizations. At the intersection of the policy analysis and the sociology of administration, this study focuses on how hospital reforms can contribute to the definition, the consolidation and the recognition of a political-administrative center in a sociohistorical perspective. Our main hypothesis is that hospital reforms crystallize three interconnected processes which underpin the institutionnalization of a specialized administrative organization called the Hospital State. Firstly, reforms support the redistribution and concentration of administrative prerogatives on hospitals within one single organization (process of monopolization). Secondly, they help increase the capacities of this organization that in turn strengthen its autonomy from other agents (process of autonomization). Thirdly, they generate and rely on specialized knowledge that justifies state interventions (process of legitimation). Our historical observation of reform activities leads to outline three temporal sequences. These reveal an uneven continuity of these processes and their unequal articulation depending on historical periods. If reforms contribute to forging a relative autonomous Hospital State, its organizational boundaries and its principles of legitimation are far from being stabilized. Our investigation is based on various materials : records from administrative and private organizations ; interviews with minister’s advisers, senior civil servants and experts of the Ministry of Health ; grey literature (administrative and expert reports, ministerial publications) ; national newspapers and professional journals ; parliamentary debates ; biographies of supervisory staff members at the Ministry of Health
Parent, Caroline. "Les modes d'hygiène au palais au XVIIIe siècle : une mise en scène de la société française : une étude des latrines ouest du second palais de l'intendant à Québec (CeEt-30)". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34498.
This study examines the western latrines of the second Intendant's Palace in Quebec City (CeEt-30), the construction and use of which in the French Regime covers approximately the second quarter of the 18th century to 1759. The well-preserved structure and its contents allow for a thorough study of conditions and lifestyles related to consumer habits. As exemplary contexts for examining hygiene-related behaviour, latrines offer the opportunity to study these habits. The latrines and their contents also serve as a starting point for a broader examination of hygiene-related behaviours. In addition to the available data, the consideration of mentalities of the time period is discussed, thus allowing a better understanding of individual actions. The relationships of individuals with their bodies (personal hygiene), with the immediate environment (domestic hygiene) and with society (public hygiene) are explored in this study. Since the Intendant's Palace served as a residence as well as a place for the performance of a variety of tasks related to colonial administration, a number of people worked and lived on site, and these were mainly France citizens. It is therefore interesting to explore whether the behaviour of these people is a reflection ofsocial norms in force in their country of origin. We realize that their behaviours are cunningly executed and orchestrated in a social universe where appearance is of utmost importance. Hygiene-related behaviors at the Intendant's Palace thus mirror perfectly French society in the first half of the 18th century.
Romier, Marielle. "Pollution et libéralisme à Grenoble au XIXe siecle (1815-1914)". Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21016.
The subject matter of this work consists in studying the relationships existing between the fight against pollution and liberalism, in other words between public hygiene and liberalism, in grenoble during the nineteenth century. First of all, we note that during the first half of the century, measures taken in the matter of public hygiene can be counted on the fingers of one hand and liberalism reigns over supreme. But, during the second half of the century, there are signs of a change - motivated however essentially by some accidents (reappearance of cholera) and some various considerations (particularly economic ones) far from a real awareness of the fact that pollution is a dangerous phenomenon in itself. This evolution occurs in the economic sphere, where, progressively, in the second half of the century, the exercise of commercial and industrial freedom is restricted in order to fight against pollution with the creation of a foodstuffs inspectorate, the adoption of the mains drainage which sounds the knell of the trade of the product of cesspools, the organization of an industrial factories inspectorate. . . It is the same in the political field. Property and personal freedom are limited in the name of the fight against pollution with the use of expropriation for the construction of the isere's banks and the fight against inundations, the creation of the insalubrious accomodations committee, compulsory vaccination
Tomasso, Flora. "Santé des villes, santé des champs : le cas de la reproduction dans le département de Saint-Louis au Sénégal". Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00983107.
Quesne, Lionel. "De l'insalubrité à l'hygiénisme, émergence politique d'une problématique environnementale : L'exemple du Mans". Le Mans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LEMA0004.
In the last 20 th century, the advanced industrial societies seem to discover that the environnemental degradations caused by their diverse rejections could compromise the health and even the population's survival. The aim of this thesis is to make the archeology of this environnemental problematic, to excavate the conditions of its possibility and recognition. The corpses were the very first remnants to be thaught as a problem. Especially from the second part of the 18 th century, the smell of their decay was suspected to bring death. By a play of analogies, doctors and chimists set an identity among all the stinks and mortal power of the corpses was extended to human concentration, excrements and all the refuses which overflowed the town. The doctors established not only a diagnosis but also they suggested some cures. The evacuation of all springs of miasmas and the improvement of the circulation of air composed the two main poles of their urban therapy. However, at the end of the 18 th century, their wide programm of reform would have been applied by very little, which would attest the weak impact of their discourse with the political power. From that moment, conquering this power mattered. The strategy mainly consisted in translating the sanitary discourse into a language of order. But yet, the economical stakes composed an obstacle to the recognition of this new hygienic discourse. The intervention of the cholera, unexpoected ally, would have to be waited for, to begin imposing itself.
Barry, Geneviève. "Portrait d'une ville face à une épidémie : l'organisation urbaine en temps de peste : Aix-en-Provence, 1586-1587". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq25271.pdf.
Courtin, Fabrice. "Les dynamiques de peuplement induites par la crise ivoirienne dans l'espace ivoiro-burkinabè, au regard de la maladie du sommeil". Montpellier 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON30064.
The armed conflict that broke out in Ivory Coast on september 19th 2002 resulted in major population displacements not only within Ivory Coast but also the neighbouring countries. These displacements have had a profound impact on the demography of West Africa with the disperal of about one million peole, with 550. 000 moving within Ivory Coast and further 450. 000 taking refuge in neighbouring countries. The largest recipient of refugees was Burkina Faso which received 360. 000 displaced people. Viewing the recent crisis against the wider historical paespective of migration between Burkina Faso and Ivory Coast over the last 100 years (1900-2007), the present study analysed the impact on demography, the environment and the health of both resident and refugee populations. Studies were undertaken in three study areas, each of ~200 km2. One site was located at Bonon, within the Ivorian forested zone, and the other two sites, Folonzo and Gbalara, were within the savannah zone of southern Burkina Faso. Our results have implications for the management of human migration between countries, especially with respect to issues relating to land tenure which lie at the heart of numerous conflicts in Africa, in general, and in Ivory Coast in particular. The results from studies performed in Bonon illustrated the numerous inter-communal tensions which, in turn, exacerbaate the risk of HAT developing. The results indicate key village-, national- and regional-scale factors which may contribute to the development HAT during periods of upheaval. Recommendations for identifying sites for medical intervention are made
Miralles, Celia. "La tuberculose dans l’espace social barcelonais 1929-1936". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20044/document.
« Consumption », a major concern of the late 19th century, was still a disease associated with misery in the collective imagination of the early 20th century. The present dissertation focuses on consumption in the Barcelonian social space of the 1930s: it seeks to circumscribe the multiple meanings of tuberculosis which emerge from medical discourse as well as from the patients’ experience.The discovery of the Koch bacillus in 1882 entailed a redefinition of the fight against tuberculosis, as the bacillus came to be seen as the single cause of the disease. Since priority was given to the eradication of the contagious agent, tuberculosis was more than before associated with dust, unsanitary and crowded environments. From 1929 to 1936, the Catalan authorities in Barcelona concentrated on preventive action, which consisted in the extirpation of the Koch bacillus from housing in some areas that were precisely identified.Besides the analysis of tuberculosis as a homogeneous social construct, the present dissertation takes the patients’ points of view into account. Tuberculosis is a social disease that characterises a group of individuals and isolates them from the rest of society. A focus on individuals who were treated in a network of free dispensaries, hospitals and sanatoriums helps us understand their position in the social landscape of Barcelona at that time : prior to being diagnosed with tuberculosis, the patients had been working and were often marginally integrated to the city’s life without being altogether socially isolated. Contracting the disease is what downgraded them to the category of medically treated paupers.More than a common status though, tuberculosis was a personal experience for the individuals struggling against the disease and getting cured. The latter’s clinical files provide a bottom-up perspective on medical institutions and on the logics of modern medical discourse. The patients’ individual trajectories in the capital of Catalonia further blur the unified and homogeneous reference to tuberculosis, as they give priority to personal concerns over health requirements and over the absolute necessity of the fight against the bacillus, thus revealing diverging contemporary understandings of the fight against tuberculosis
La antes denominada tisis pulmonar, enfermedad social por excelencia del siglo XIX, sigue siendo, aun en el siglo XX, empreñada de un fuerte imaginario común asociado a la miseria social. Esa tesis doctoral pretende analizar la inscripción de esta enfermedad en el espacio social barcelonés de los años 1930 y con este fin toma en cuenta las múltiples acepciones de la tuberculosis, entremezclando discursos de los médicos y vivencias de los pacientes.Con el descubrimiento del bacilo de Koch en 1882, el microbio se convierte en la única causa de la enfermedad lo cual supone una redefinición de la lucha antituberculosa, ahora directamente orientada hacia la eliminación del agente contagioso. Aun más que antes, la tuberculosis es entonces asociada al rincón polvoriento, al ambiente insalubre y el hacinamiento. En Barcelona entre 1929 y 1936 las autoridades catalanas se concentran en el establecimiento de una lucha preventiva que aspira a extirpar el germen de ciertas viviendas precisamente identificadas en la ciudad.La tuberculosis también es una enfermedad social que caracteriza a un grupo de individuos aislándolo del resto de la sociedad. Además de una reflexión sobre la construcción social de una categoría homogénea alrededor del denominador común que constituye el microbio, esa tesis tiene como objetivo realzar la realidad vivida por los individuos enfermos curados en los dispensarios, hospitales y sanatorios gratuitos, así como entender sus maneras de desenvolverse en el panorama social barcelonés en esa época. Así aparece que los tuberculosos suelen ser unos activos con una posición social precaria, vinculada a una menor integración en la ciudad, sin ser por lo tanto completamente aislados socialmente. Es la declaración de la enfermedad la que les hace “bascular” en un grupo de excluidos sociales asumidos como tales por las autoridades médicas.Pero, más que un identificador común, la tuberculosis es sobre todo una vivencia personal. El enfermo es un actor esencial de su enfermedad tanto como de su curación, y su recorrido muestra una práctica de la lucha que permite redefinir desde abajo las estructuras asistenciales y la lógica médica moderna tal como es evocada en los discursos. Por fin, los recorridos individuales de enfermos en Barcelona nublan sobre todo la percepción de una categoría unificada y homogénea, realzando las preocupaciones personales que se sobreponen a la exigencia de salud, o a la absoluta necesidad de prevenirse frente al germen, dejando ver visiones discrepantes de la lucha contra la enfermedad
Couillard, Kathéry. "ACTION SOCIALE ET ESPACE PUBLIC : l'Église catholique et les associations musulmanes à Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) (1983-2010)". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29801/29801.pdf.
Izambert, Caroline. "Soigner les étrangers ? L’État et les associations pour la couverture maladie des pauvres et des étrangers en France des années 1980 à nos jours". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH127.
In France, the healthcare costs of undocumented foreign nationals are covered by a specific welfare benefitcalled State Medical Aid (Aide médicale d’État). This benefit was created in 2000, as part of the law onUniversal Medical Insurance (Couverture médicale universelle) which enables French nationals andundocumented foreign nationals to benefit from the state health insurance scheme (Assurance maladie) as longas they are resident in France. This thesis explores the origins of a measure created exclusively for people whosepresence on French territory is judged illegal and the impact of the existence of this particular healthcarecoverage.The approach brings together a history of public policy and an ethnography of care settings and reception centresfor undocumented foreign nationals.Part One retraces the stages involved in opening up access to the state health insurance scheme from the mid-1980s onwards. It focuses on the way in which a distinction progressively emerged between the public healthissue of undocumented people accessing healthcare, and that of poor people accessing healthcare. The role ofhumanitarian associations, notably Doctors without Borders and Doctors of the World, who opened freehealthcare centres in France from 1986 onwards, is underscored, as are their links with movements defending therights of foreigners. These processes are located within a longer history of debates about access to welfare forthe poorest going back to the nineteenth century, and the subordination of social policy to the objectives ofcontrolling migratory flows.Part Two, based on research carried out in a hospital and in a health rights organization, analyses theconsequences of the introduction of immigration administrative categories into the healthcare system as well asthe emergence of a degraded form of social citizenship for people living illegally in France
Brodeur, Magaly. "Construction des problèmes publics, controverse et action publique : santé publique et jeux de hasard et d'argent au Québec". Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13556.
Since the late 1990s, gambling is an object of controversy in Quebec public space. In recent years, the issue of management and regulation of gambling has become increasingly important in public debates and, excessive or pathological gambling is now a central concern. In this thesis, which will take the form of a thesis by articles, we will look at the process of “construction” of the public problem of excessive gambling in Quebec. To do so, we will trace the genesis of this public issue by going back to its origins. This historical detour will allow us to highlight the various constructions by which gambling passed during the last century (vice, crime, leisure, disease and public health concern). This genesis will also allow us to shed new light on this controversy related to gambling in Quebec. We will attempt, among other things, to highlight how public health has managed to build this "new risk" that now represents gambling. And, beyond this analysis of the current and past situation, we will try to draw lessons for the understanding, analysis and management of public policies by an analysis of the controversy related to gambling (article 1), a theoretical work on morality policies (article 2) and, a reflection on epistemological foundations of public policy analysis and management (article 3).
Charest-Auger, Maude. "Les réactions montréalaises à l'épidémie de typhus de 1847". Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4645/1/M12336.pdf.
Racicot-Lanoue, Marylène. "« Nous retardons sur [...] la population canadienne en matière de santé » : enquête du comité mixte de 1946-1948 chargé de la révision de la Loi sur les Indiens". Mémoire, 2006. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2812/1/M9588.pdf.