Tesis sobre el tema "Santé mentale – Sociologie"
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Sicot, François. "Maladie mentale et pauvreté : le rôle de la pauvreté dans la construction sociale de la maladie mentale". Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1045.
Brossard, Baptiste. "Les conditions sociales de l'automutilation juvenile : une approche sociologique". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0034.
Thesis proposes a sociological approach to self-injury practices, a matter which is traditionally studied by psychology. This practice is defined as deliberate and repetitive self-inflicted injury, which is socially stigmatized and performed in order to relieve oneself of some kind of malaise this is done without any conscious suicidal, sexual or esthetical intentions. The empirical material is mostly composed of repeated in depth interviews with adolescents and young adults who were recruited in online forums and mental health establishments. Following a methodological discussion on the particularities of these fields of investigation, the analysis is presented around two main lines. First, I provide a concrete description of how self-injury occurs in regard to the life trajectories of the affected individuals, the everyday occurrence of this behavior, and the practical modalities of such acts. Second, the search for some "social conditions" of self-injury is the crux of the analysis. Individual case studies elaborate the three dimensions of self-harming practices -secrecy, deviance and self-aggressivity -which contribute to its effectiveness and relative choice. This perspective leads to a sociological interpretation where self-injury is considered in light of the social positions into families of the subjects, the issue being crucial in their school lives, their social belonging, as well as in their corporeal experiences and gender identities. This thesis provides a reflection on the social circumstances which facilitate the recourse to self -injury. It leads to an examination of such practices as a technique of self-control
Legrand, Julia. "L’incertitude psychiatrique : une sociologie de la prescription de psychotropes en psychiatrie publique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080021.
Psychotropic drugs are often looked at threw two opposite prisms: as a liberating "panacea" on the one hand, and as a restrictive "chemical straitjacket" on the other. This cleavage also characterizes the representation of psychiatrists’ prescribing activities, as psychotropic drug specialists. The pharmacological issue is particularly structuring in the psychiatric field, especially as it is increasingly central in the activity of psychiatric hospitals. Exploring the issue of drug prescription is therefore necessary in order to understand contemporary public psychiatry. At the border between science studies and the sociology of health, work and professions, this thesis aims to shed light on psychiatric prescription methods, and in particular to understand which disorder ant patient classification processes govern substance choices. The core of this research is based on the following paradox: psychiatry as a profession is publicly legitimized by an image based on its expertise and the innovative power of its drug treatments. Why, then, seems psychotropic drug prescription so under-valued by some of its members? Based on interviews of representatives of the profession, a website indexing of the main segments of psychiatry and a comparative ethnographic survey of two public institutions, this thesis addresses the issue of drug prescription from the most macro-sociological scale to the finest level of analysis - from prescribing as a professional valorization tool to prescriptions during psychiatrist-patient sessions
Borelle, Céline. "Le traitement social de l'autisme : étude sociologique du diagnostic médical". Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENH002/document.
The notion of “social treatment” allows considering that autism presents a certain form of reality before being the object of different kinds of practices and knowledge. The notion of “social treatment” is preferred to that of “social construction” to avoid the idea that autism acquires a form of reality only through its social construction. The title's choice traduces a will to take distance from constructivism. All the categories have a social origin insofar as they are based on a socially produced frame, but categorizations are always put to the test of the world's materiality through our experiences. This thesis presupposes that autism's reality is the object of a continual and collective process of reassertion and revision. Why designating autism as a medical diagnosis? It is autism as the object of a human knowledge, which makes of it a socially produced reality, that becomes analyzable by the sociologist. To characterize autism as a medical diagnosis indicates that the purpose of this thesis is to grasp the continual and practical accomplishment of autism's categorization. This thesis relies methodologically on an ethnographical approach, and theoretically on the pragmatic sociology, to propose a sociological study of medical diagnosis from the case of autism. The first part deals with diagnosis as a category and aims at showing how this category is caught in different socio-political stakes. These socio-political stakes are highlighted through distinguishing four dimensions that shape the diagnosis of autism: its institution, its institutionalization, its politicization and its controversy. Theses dimensions permit to understand the stakes that shape diagnosis in the medical world and beyond. This part shows how diagnosis as a category is constructed at the crossroads of several logics that circulate in different worlds, through power relations between different kinds of actors, in a configuration that is likely to evolve over time. The second part deals with diagnosis as a process of qualification. From the observation of an evaluation center specialized in autism diagnosis, this part proposes a sociological analysis of the medical qualification. In this perspective, diagnosis is regarded as an activity, a work that can be traced step by step, and the sociologist is interested in the practices through which diagnosis is locally produced. After situating my work in a pragmatic approach of medical expertise, and proposing an analysis grid of the operation of qualification, this part studies the linkage between the different steps of the diagnostic process. This part allows conceiving diagnosis as a process that is determined by the configuration and the supports of the qualification, and situated in a context characterized by a plurality of diagnostic practices. The third part deals with the practical implications of diagnosis. This part grasps the implications of diagnosis outside of the medical world, in other contexts of action, in the administrative and school worlds. It also highlights the implications of diagnosis on family, through the analysis of the domestic production of care. It proposes to analyze the implications of diagnosis on the ways the child's subjectivity is treated. Eventually, this part underlines a phenomenon of paths dualization, in terms of practical arrangements of care and diagnosis quest, which may be analyzed through different reading grids that do not support the same criticism of social inequalities
Diagne, Papa Mamadou. "Des systèmes de prise en charge à l'errance des malades mentaux dans l'agglomération dakaroise : socio-anthropologie de la santé au Sénégal". Rouen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ROUEL005.
This dissertation endeavors to shed more light on the issue of mental health in Senegal. It analyses the Senegalese society from both sociological and anthropological perspectives/angles. Different actions carried out to tackle the burning issue of mental health have led us to consider its functioning, organization logical and current representational patterns. From a diachronic approach of the topic, we try to understand the positioning of every single system of care along with their different legitimate pillars. From a different angle, the issue of homelessness implies taking mental health policies, as well as urban dynamic and family sphere into account. Such an approach tends to favour rational explanations of family disruption, which results in street vagrancy. From this perspective, lunatics who are at the core of our study are placed in the midst of various actors including psychiatrists, healers, marabouts, city life and mental health associations. Different approaches about mental illness have gone through an evolving framework which leads us to the questioning of the whole Senegalese society, from inception to the different forms it has gone through its evolution. Thence musing over mental illness means to take social, cultural and political realities into account, as comparable entities are not to be separated from mental illness' inception and evolution
Mongy, Aymeric. "L'autisme, un handicap contre la protection sociale : les usages réformateurs d'un problème-outil". Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUD020.
For more than forty years, the political science literature has been interested in the processes of bureaucratization leading to the mobilization of knowledge and techniques from New Public Management (NPM) in the production of public action (Bezes et al., 2011), sometimes to the point of drawing up an all-encompassing observation of a "neoliberal bureaucratization" of the world (Hibou, 2013). Mechanistic conceptions of the transfer of government techniques between the public and private sectors ultimately provide little information about the conditions of their social embedding, i.e. the political, symbolic and technical operations through which social groups legitimize the use of the NPM; the action of its social base in short. From an analysis of the case of the construction of the autism problem in France, the present thesis intends to shed light on this point by bringing to light the way in which the mobilizations of the parent associations of autism contributed to motivate the use by the State of techniques and organizational formats stemming from health management, thereby reinforcing the administrative capacities of control over the organization and the contents of the psychiatric and medicosocial care offer. In fact, from the 2010s onwards, the "scandalous strategies" (Offerlé, 1998) of parent organizations have led to the archaic nature of segregated care models being publicly criticized because they are not sufficiently oriented towards school, and ineffective because they are not sufficiently informed about advances in neuroscience. Mixing the right to social inclusion of individuals and access to care in the liberal sector, the claims of these interest groups make the "trajectory of reforms" (Bezes, Palier, 2018) of autism intersect with that of another issue: that of the mode of government of the disability and mental health sectors. This second issue is marked by a return in force of the State which, since the beginning of the 1990s, has increasingly resorted to different technologies - agencies, calls for tender, contracts, platforms, recommendations of good practices, packages, etc. The use of these technologies is geared towards the development of an integrated health care "system". Their use is geared towards increasing the efficiency of health care structures and medico-social establishments, which are invited to specialize in "heavy" and "complex" care in order to send some of their patients back to the mainstream. Whether it is called the "ambulatory shift" or the "inclusive shift", this transfer of care activities to the "ordinary environment" - rarely, if ever, questioned as a source of oppression or a factor of inequality - accounts for a large part of the demand on private medicine, which is supposed to absorb the requests for services that are thus discharged from the specialized environments. On the basis of various materials - written sources, interviews, observations and an ethnographic survey conducted in particular in the Pas-de-Calais department - our research shows how, by seeking to conform the process of producing care to their conception of "good practice", these associations have fed this program. It also shows how the logistical rationalization of care leads to a disintegration of the "social properties" (Castel, 1999) distributed by the sectors it works in, to the detriment of their most socially precarious publics
Schmouth, Marie-Eve. "Les attentes et le rôle performé par les soignés et les soignants dans la relation de soins avec des personnes présentant un problème de santé mentale grave et de toxicomanie". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/24033/24033.pdf.
Marcodoppido, Fabio. "S'en remettre à un spécialiste de la santé mentale : regards croisés sur des services publics en France et en Italie". Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VERS033S.
This research proposes a reinterpretation of delegation of care in mental health public policy. The purpose of the following comparative analysis is to analyse how, in France and Italy, political actors, professionals and publics tacked part at this collective action form 1960 to 2010. At first, the thesis analyses the texts of all politicians who instituted the birth of services "mental health" in the countries concerned. Further investigation to analyse the speech of actors directly or indirectly involved in the delegation of care (patients and its families), is presented in a second time. Performed first in Italy and then in France, further investigation helps to know how people have participated in the delegation of psychiatric care. The study shows how a priori the opposite way, the French and Italian cases lead their public policy: respectively, "fight against mental illness" versus "protecting mental health. " These modes are really only two variants of the same political risk, which aims both to neutralize the other, to prevent what is seen as a threat to the community or individuals. By maintaining the psychiatric hospital, the French model is aimes to eliminate mental illness in individuals, while the development of the community services, the Italian model aims to protect the community from risks related to mental health
Ménard, Jean-Patrick. "Le processus d’individuation, la stigmatisation et les modalités d’intervention conséquents auprès des personnes en situation de dépression à Montréal". Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39514.
Pisu, Florian. "Des tentatives de suicide à leur prise en charge à l'hôpital : une sociologie des urgences". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB105.
The aim of this Ph.D thesis is to understand the contemporary issues about French suicidality. Two different dimensions have been investigated. First, we interrogated the dynamic of suicidal process, considering both individual motives and social causes of suicidal behaviors. Second, we studied emergency departments of the French public hospitals, that take care of the majority of suicide attempts known in France. The methodological and theoretical principles adopted in this work articulate our understanding of suicidal process with our analysis of its medical treatment. In this work, we will suggest that suicidality and its medical treatment are shaped by normative transformations of contemporary societies, which place autonomy, independence, authenticity and responsibility as preeminent values. Yet, such values enhance a new type of social bound. This individualization changes the type of problems that actors have to solve with their own economic, cultural and social resources, which are sometimes not sufficient. Thus, this new normativity tends to affect suicidal issues. In summary, we propose to enlighten a new economy of suicides and attempted suicides. To do so, we conducted an ethnographic investigation of general and psychiatric emergency services. The main hypothesis of this approach precisely supports that this new type of problems shaped through individualization arises in a specific manner in the medical treatment of suicidal behaviors
Golse, Anne. "Le lien psychatrique comme lien social generalise analyse sociologique des transformations recentes de la psychiatrie publique". Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN1280.
Cohen, Golda. "Les représentations sociales du médicament : une perspective iconographique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30093/document.
The medicine is a social object that is at the heart of many material and symbolic relationships. In order to know the opinions and knowledge associated with it within the French population, we mobilized the theoretical framework of social representations. Due to the massive spread of images in new mediums of communication, we chose to limit the research that constitutes this PhD in the iconographic perspective. As such, our investigations revolve around two axes: The first axis (N = 946) is concerned with the involvement of the mental imagery in the formation of social representation of the medicine. The three investigations carried out with this focus allowed us to observe the collective nature of mental imagery, encouraging research on the images. The second axis (N = 615) focuses in the processes mobilized by individuals when it comes to selecting, memorizing and understanding the images associated with the prototypical words of the social representation of the medicine. The results suggest the development of a methodology with the images. As a whole, the investigations invite the reader on one hand, to consider the importance of social representations in the deciphering of visual images, on the other hand to dig deeper in the iconography of the methodological perspective of the theory of social representations
Borelle, Celine. "Le traitement social de l'autisme : étude sociologique du diagnostic médical". Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965350.
Ketterer, Frédéric. "Le processus de production publicitaire dans les campagnes médiatiques de santé publique : entre inspiration socio-politique et expiration médiatique". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL12013/document.
Health communication does exist in France since, at least, the 19th century. However, because of the development of the « mass media » in the seventies, multiplication of those campaigns and diversification of their themes have occurred. The aim of this work is to understand the mechanisms underlying those campaigns in analysing how they were designed and how they have a meaning in a society. The analysis rests on three media campaigns performed in France between 2005 and 2007: two national campaigns on mental health and a third regional one on AIDS. The analysis was performed at a mesosocial level, at the intersection between macrosocial determinants and microsocial considerations that both influenced the design of the campaign, its messages and its diffusion in the public space. The macrosocial characteristic is reflected in the way a health theme is integrated in public health, comprising some features of the socio-political context; the microsocial dimension refers to the actions of the protagonists of these campaigns who will meet, negotiate and try to act in the light of their own interests. The campaigns of public health will result from the crossing of those elements, in a context where public health defines while still inventing itself. Lastly, social building of subjectivities, the way power tries to define the relationship between the person and his body, is expressed through these campaigns, with, in background, symbolic fights for recognition by the “political field”
Jiménez, Molina Álvaro. "L'adolescence mutilée : grammaires de la souffrance au Chili et en France". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB172.
Since the late 20th century, self-injurious practices (scratching, cutting and burning of body tissue) among adolescents have become a major problem for mental health institutions and professionals. Adolescents who self-injure themselves have become a contemporary figure of the suffering subject. Several psycho-medical studies have provided an analysis of the reasons for this practice and the problems associated with it (impulsivity, depression, suicidal behaviour, etc.). However, little importance was attached to the lived experience and ordinary life of adolescents, the language they use to describe their suffering, as well as the representations of health professionals and their care practices. The purpose of this thesis is to study the subjective and sociocultural dimensions of deliberate self-injury in adolescence. What are the main changes in taxonomies and etiological explanations of self-harm? What does it mean for adolescents and how is it experienced in their daily lives? What are the representations, attitudes and practices of mental health professionals regarding these phenomena? To answer these questions, this study is based on an analysis of secondary literature and an ethnographic work, conducted by observation and interview, in mental health institutions in Santiago (Chile) and Paris (France), among adolescents aged 12 to 19 (n=40) and health professionals (n=51). The different levels of analysis make it possible to highlight how the "corte" [cutting] or "scarification" has become a possible practice for adolescents, its social uses and the particular emotional tone associated with it in each society ("rabia" [anger] in Chile and "angoisse" [anguish] in France). While self-injury is a form of emotional regulation, adolescents' narratives show that it is simultaneously a form of social regulation, a paradoxical self-care strategy that restores continuity to ordinary life at times when the individual is confronted with an experience of loss of control and a crisis of agency. The study also shows the differences in emphasis between a familyist perspective that understand this behaviour as a symptom of a "dysfunctional family" (Chile) and a perspective that understand it as a form of "passage à l'acte" that reflects the excesses of "état limites" (France). Based on a description of care practices, it analyses the cultural logics of therapeutic rituals and the main difficulties for the institutional management of adolescent self-harm. Based on a comparative perspective of singularization by contrast, the study highlights the links between a system of collective representations, values and beliefs, and a grammar of suffering that regulates how emotions and malaise are expressed, qualified and treated in two individualistic societies
Desde finales del siglo XX, las prácticas auto-lesivas (cortarse o quemarse el tejido corporal) entre los adolescentes se han convertido en un problema importante para las instituciones y los profesionales de la salud mental. Los adolescentes que se autolesionan intencionalmente han adquirido una gran visibilidad social y se han transformado en una de las figuras contemporáneas del sujeto sufriente. Diversos estudios psico-médicos han proporcionado un análisis de las razones de esta práctica y de los problemas asociados a ella (impulsividad, depresión, comportamiento suicida, etc.). Sin embargo, en estos estudios se ha dado poca importancia a la experiencia subjetiva y a la vida cotidiana de los adolescentes, al lenguaje que utilizan para describir su sufrimiento, así como a las representaciones de los profesionales de la salud y sus prácticas de cuidado. El propósito de esta tesis es estudiar las dimensiones subjetivas y socioculturales de las prácticas auto-lesivas en la adolescencia. ¿Cuáles son los principales cambios en las taxonomías y las explicaciones etiológicas de la autolesión? ¿Qué sentidos le atribuyen los adolescentes y cómo se experimenta en su vida cotidiana? ¿Cuáles son las representaciones, actitudes y prácticas de los profesionales de la salud mental respecto a estos fenómenos? Para responder a estas preguntas, esta tesis se basa en un análisis de literatura secundaria y un estudio etnográfico, realizado mediante observación y entrevistas, en instituciones de salud mental de Santiago (Chile) y París (Francia), entre adolescentes de 12 a 19 años (n=40) y profesionales de la salud (n=51). Los diferentes niveles de análisis permiten mostrar cómo el "corte" o la "scarification" se ha convertido en una práctica posible para los adolescentes, sus usos sociales y el tipo particular de tono emocional asociado a esta práctica en cada sociedad ("rabia" en Chile y "angoisse" [angustia] en Francia). Si bien la autolesión aparece como una forma de regulación emocional, los relatos de los adolescentes muestran que se trata simultáneamente de una forma de regulación social, una estrategia paradójica de autocuidado que restaura la continuidad de la vida ordinaria en momentos en que el individuo se enfrenta a una sensación de pérdida de control y a una experiencia de crisis de la capacidad de acción. La tesis muestra además las diferencias de énfasis entre una perspectiva familiarista que interpreta este comportamiento como síntoma de una "familia disfuncional" (Chile) y una que lo interpreta como una forma de "paso al acto" que refleja los excesos de los "estados fronterizos" (Francia). A partir de una descripción de las prácticas terapéuticas y de cuidado, se analizan también las lógicas culturales de los rituales terapéuticos y las principales dificultades para la gestión institucional de la autolesión. La perspectiva comparativa de singularización por contraste que asume este estudio permite subrayar los vínculos entre los sistemas de representaciones colectivas, valores y creencias, y una gramática del sufrimiento que regula cómo se expresan, califican y tratan las emociones y las diversas formas de malestar en dos sociedades individualistas
Matera, Giovanni. "Transformer la psychiatrie pour démocratiser la société : l'héritage de Franco Basaglia dans deux services de psychiatrie de communauté, en France et en Italie". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0081.
Taking part in the democratization of society through the struggle against the segregation of people suffering from a mental disorder was the goal of a group of psychiatrists and other intellectuals who animated the debate in the 1970s on alternative psychiatric services. Along with its leading figure Franco Basaglia, the movement aimed at reforming legislation. For this purpose territorial psychiatry services were set up in various countries, promoting the social integration of patients as a condition of care that does not threaten their rights. While the deinstitutionalization was gradually spreading, the movement challenged the reproduction of asylum logic through a critique of the new services' concentration under the psychiatric hospital's jurisdiction. The creation of alternative services replacing hospital-based ones has benefited from the establishment of critical knowledge based on the social sciences. According to this critical knowledge, the alternative services are able to put their own purposes into question, and to make criticism durable in order to continue the analytical work on their own practices. The critique of the psychiatric hospital and social control stimulated the creation of new services that, in the early 2000s, the World Health Organization designated as "community services".My analysis collects and compares local experiments conducted in Italy and France under the name of "community psychiatry". In both sites, users are provided with daily mental health-care at their apartments by community institutions and services that have replaced the services coordinated by the psychiatric hospital, in accordance with their critique of the asylum and social control. In my thesis I question the relationship between the daily work of educators and the central device of their work, the user's apartment.My ethnographic work reconstitutes community care guided by principles that are not consistent with the care of users in the community. Oriented by the project of democratizing society through the reform of psychiatry, the two services are led to build compromises that, in a completely different direction, participate in a government by the objective and tend to redirect the community care to an exclusively medical or commercial plan. How can the project of democratization, always present in both sites, have a role in this new configuration and take advantage of the creative impulse of critique?
Chambon, Nicolas. "Solidarisations : Enquête sur les migrants en situation irrégulière et leurs soutiens". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2118.
La temporalité (2007-2017) de cette enquête sur les modalités de soutien aux migrants en situation irrégulière lui donne une valeur particulière. Si ce temps a permis de suivre les reconfigurations des formes de soutiens, il inscrit surtout cette thèse dans une actualité de crise (de l’accueil) des migrants, induisant une augmentation continuelle du nombre d’illégaux et parmi eux de déboutés de l’asile.Cette thèse retrace ainsi le parcours de son auteur et amène à suivre différentes voies de solidarisation avec ceux qu’on appelle alors les « sans-papiers » ou clandestins et, de manière plus « neutre », les migrants en situation irrégulière. Les trois parties qui composent l’ouvrage correspondent à trois sites de problématisation avec leur épicentre : une association qui propose du soutien juridique, des collectifs militants et enfin un observatoire / réseau inscrit dans le champ de la santé mentale. Chaque site implique, pour l’auteur, un réajustement de sa posture (tantôt bénévole-observateur, tantôt militant-engagé, tantôt sociologue-impliqué), mais toujours une forte réflexivité et le maintien du fil problématique : comment prendre en compte, de manière théorique mais aussi pratique, ceux qui seraient incomptés ? Tel est l’enjeu : une fois posée l’énigme de la solidarité avec les étrangers, il importe d’enquêter sur les activités pratiques de solidarisation. Comment se rendre solidaire ? Et in fine quelle est la teneur politique des différentes activités de soutien ?La thèse embarque son lecteur tout d’abord dans une association « œcuménique » et ses permanences juridiques. Comment concilier un soutien juridique à destination de « cas », de « sujets de droit » et le souci politique d'une défense du droit des étrangers ? Si le soutien juridique est efficace, il pose problème à certains membres de l’association qui vont expérimenter une autre manière (moins individualisée) de venir en soutien à des étrangers, en l’occurrence, à des couples mixtes.Le lecteur est ensuite amené au « cœur du problème », dans des collectifs et autres réseaux militants. Sont documentées dans cette deuxième partie, notamment à partir de l’analyse de tracts, les modalités de saisie des « sans-papiers » comme sujets politiques, entre « cas » et « cause ». Mais qu’est-ce que la cause fait à l’autre ? Dans un contexte d’affaiblissement de la cause des étrangers, comment mobiliser ? Au nom de quoi ? Le relatif échec des mobilisations est en grande partie dû à la quête infructueuse de réponses efficientes à cette question. Le « sans-papiers » résiste à être un militant comme les autres. La thèse explore ensuite la question de la prise en charge des migrants dans les dispositifs médicaux et sociaux. La question des manières de prendre en charge les « particularités » des migrants se posent aux praticiens et intervenants de ces domaines. En rejoignant un dispositif de soutien aux professionnels, l’auteur trouve un terrain d’opérationnalisation… Comment parler du public ? D’un côté, il s’agit de le caractériser de manière générale (cela se fera à travers la figure du migrant précaire) et de l’autre, d’inviter à une réflexivité sur les modes de prise en charge des vulnérabilités et à un partage des épreuves auxquelles les intervenants font face. Mais point de miracle ici : cette incursion dans le champ de la santé ne constitue par un aboutissement, ni l’horizon normatif d’un mode de prise en compte de la personne.L’enquête continue… Avec Mansour, un « sans-papiers » qui aura ses papiers. Et ce dernier, en ne se rendant pas solidaire d’hypothétique soutien, est aussi celui qui finalement résiste… à l’assignation
Vasile, Jennifer. "Crise de l'autorité et processus de radicalisation chez des adolescents et post- adolescents en France". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCH041.
This doctoral thesis focuses on the psychological and identity trajectories of adolescents and post-adolescents affected by the phenomenon of radicalization.The main objective of this thesis is to refine and broaden our understanding of the complex dynamics and individual and collective vulnerabilities that underlie the phenomenon of radicalization among adolescents and post-adolescents. The research is based on a psychodynamic approach that seeks to explore both individual and contextual aspects, shedding light on the multidimensional complexity of radicalization.The research methodology integrates three distinct qualitative studies to gather diverse perspectives. All studies were conducted using semi-structured interviews. The first study includes a thematic analysis of the trajectories of young individuals affected by the radicalization phenomenon and their families' perspectives on it. The second study focuses on the thematic analysis of the discourse of professionals confronted with the phenomenon of radicalization in their daily work. This study aims to enhance the overall understanding of radicalization. The last study reports an in-depth case study analysis of the journey of a young individual affected by radicalization. This study allows a more precise exploration of the underlying psychological, social, and identity dynamics, providing insights into the unseen forces that can push an individual towards radical paths.The results of this research show a link between the crisis of authority and the phenomenon of radicalization. They highlight that the radicalization of adolescents and post-adolescents goes beyond mere adherence to an extreme ideology; it is also a revealing symptom of deep vulnerabilities. These vulnerabilities are tied to societal, familial, and individual dynamics characterized by a symbolic deficiency and a crisis of authority.The findings emphasize the need to rethink the structures of authority, taking into account the impact of transgenerational traumas and prompting deep reflection on the potential influence of media in the alienation of young people. It is a call for empathy, ethics, humanity, dialogue, and a critical and constructive analysis of the unseen forces shaping young people's identification in our hypermodern society
Benoit, Laelia. "Du refus scolaire au suivi psychiatrique. Trajectoires d’adolescents déscolarisés". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS506.
School refusal is an increasingly common motive for consultation in child psychiatry. According to the psychiatrists, situations leading to school refusal are extremely diverse, from anxiety feelings in the classroom to truancy, and may lead children to miss school occasionally or to give up their studies. This sociological study, uses the grounded theory to describe the career of teenagers who receive psychiatric care in France because they refuse to go to school. More than 100 in-depth interviews with teenagers, parents and school professionals allow to describe their careers from the school to the psychiatric care. First, we provide a socio-history of the medicalization of school absenteeism through the construction of medical categories (school phobia, school refusal, school attendance problems), based on a review of the international psychiatric literature from 1941 to 2018. Second, teachers discourse on school refusal, their daily management of student who refuse school and their involvement in the medicalization of the absenteeism of some pupils is analyzed. Four styles of management are described among school professionals. Third, the narratives of teenagers and of their parents are analyzed. If school refusal appears as an immediate shift, it answers to a process of long duration. For some students, struggling to attend school from day to day required a consuming work: the presentation of self in public places and emotional work towards peers. After refusing school, students ‘illness’ narratives describe their career in deconstructing and reconstructing their socialization and self
Parron, Audrey. "Le passage à l'âge adulte des jeunes souffrant de troubles psychiques : enjeux d'autonomisation dans la prise en charge du handicap psychique entre dépendance et engagement des jeunes usagers/patients". Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681834.
Cargnelli, Sandro. "Les "troubles du comportement et de la conduite" : histoire d'une appropriation médico-administrative et usage contemporain (de 1914 à nos jours)". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC006.
In the field of child psychopathology, a set of diverse behaviors, like disobedience, theft, lying, and verbal and physical aggression, are grouped under the label “Behaviour and Conduct Disorders”. The question of the origins of the category used to name certain types of transgressions raised questions. The following thesis suggests to follow this nosographic term in its scholarly singularity, its sedimentations, its historical temporality and its inscription in a discursive regime. That is why, the work of Georges Heuyer, a pioneering figure in the structuration of the Child and Young Psychiatry field, occupies a significant position in this thesis. Then, it is in this investigation to seize, as close as possible, the name chain starting from the school, going through MDPH and ending at ITEP. Our interest was focused on the medico-administrative assessment process within multidisciplinary teams at the MDPH. Finally, the conducted analysis highlights the way the classification “behavior and conduct disorders” reverberated on the representations of the designated people
Nayak, Lucie. "Sexualité et handicap mental : enquête sur le traitement social de la sexualité des personnes désignées comme « handicapées mentales » en France et en Suisse". Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100076/document.
The subject of this dissertation is to study the social construction of the sexuality of people labelled as « intellectually disabled » in Switzerland and in France by means of a qualitative survey realized through interviews with persons considered as « intellectually disabled », parents, specialized educators and sexual assistants.A first part deals with the analysis of the representations of persons labelled as « intellectually disabled » regarding sexuality and with bringing to light the forms of their sexual life, often commented but still unexplored. The second part aims at analyzing the institutional and parental representations and practices towards the sexuality of people considered as « intellectually disabled » in the current context of « sexual health ». Finally, the third part of this dissertation studies the recent activity of sexual assistance in Switzerland.By mobilizing intellectual disability and sexuality together, this research aims at analyzing how the different categories of actors implied in accompanying « intellectually disabled» people in their sexuality co-build the norms that govern their sexual life. It aims at proposing a complete study of the social treatment of their sexuality and the logics that underlie them
Trepied, Valentine. "Devenir dépendant : approche sociologique du grand âge en institution". Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0045.
Kirouac, Laurie. "De l'épuisement du corps à l'affaissement de soi : effets des transformations des freins et des contrepoids au travail sur la vie des individus". Thèse, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4964/1/D2343.pdf.
Winter, Angela Roorda. "Faith in the process, the hermeneutics of intersubjectivity in three women's autobiographies of trauma and healing". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21653.pdf.
Henckes, Nicolas. "Le nouveau monde de la psychiatrie française. Les psychiatres, l'Etat et la réforme des hôpitaux psychiatriques de l'après guerre aux années 1970". Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00769780.
Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876157.
Doron, Claude-Olivier. "Races et dégénérescence : l'émergence des savoirs sur l'homme anormal". Phd thesis, Paris 7, 2011. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00876157.
This Ph-D thesis develops the twofold history of the notions of "race" and "degeneration" between the XVIIth and the XIXth century. This history is studied from two points of view: historical epistemology that is "how race and degeneration became the concepts of various knowledges (natural history, anthropology, psychiatry)"; and history of government practices, that is "how race and degeneration became problems government". Focusing on the historical link between these notions gives us the possibility to analyze the emergence, in the XIXth century, of a field of knowledge that dealt with what we call the "abnormal mar that is this very specific entity which agglomerates madness, criminality and "inferior" races as deviations human normality, in an ambiguous space between the normal and the pathological. Our thesis describes the various categories that organise this field of knowledge. More deeply, we want to argue that the notions race and degeneration, far from being external to humanism and universalism, far from being systematical correlated to practices of exclusion, are intimately connected to a practical and theoretical humanism and practices of inclusion, that deal with race, madness and crime as alterations of a norm one has to regenerate correct and improve through specific apparatus of power. Through this historical lens, we want to study ; the ambiguities and aporias that lurk in the very heart of this will of inclusion and this analysis heterogeneous realities as alterations of a norm. We show in particular how we can establish a very stronglink between the insertion of the concept of "race" into natural history and monogenism; and, on the other side, how it is important to study the insertion of "race" into the political field and, more broadly, the emergence of the knowledge of the abnormal, to take into consideration its logical links with political liberalism in the beginning of XIXth century
Le, Pain Isabelle. "Difficultés émotionnelles et relations professionnelles : portrait de l'expérience des intervenants en protection de l'enfance". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/40076.
This research aimed to better understand the emotional difficulties (depression, anxiety, burnout, etc.) of Quebec’s child welfare clinicians and to explore the impact of these difficulties on their professional relationships (with the children and their families, colleagues and managers). By highlighting their subjective experience and experiential knowledge, the research allows to explain the emotional difficulties in a work context outside of the dominant psychiatric and psychological perspective. A sociological framework based on the concept of emotional labor as well as the clinical sociology theories of work was developed. This conceptual perspective shed’s light and articulates the contextual, organizational and individual factors that impact emotional difficulties experienced by clinicians in a child welfare setting. The research methodology is qualitative, based on semi-directed interviews at the CISSS and a CIUSSS from two different administrative geographic regions in the Québec province. The population sample is composed of thirty-one psychosocial clinicians (Professional Social Workers, Criminologists, Psychoeducators and Bachelor Professional Psychologists) working in child welfare organizations. The research results demonstrate that there are three (3) main protection factors at work (organizational mandate, work diversity, peers relations). Furthermore, the following factors were identified as impacting their emotional difficulties; three (3) contextual factors, nineteen (19) organizational factors and four (4) individual factors. From these categories two of them are structural as therefore external to individual control. As a result, targeting individual factors to explain clinicians emotional difficulties restricts the possibility of modifying their situation. Specifically, participants identified that the latest health care reform including the CISSS and CIUSSS service structure changes led to significant consequences that deeply affected their work organization and their clinical practice in the context of child welfare context. Also, the results show clinical functional impacts on their professional relationships. Negative impacts on their relationships with families and children were reported by all clinicians (decrease of intensity in service delivery, hurtful relationships with clients, lack of empathy and helpful relationship, decrease of work quality and objective and analytical abilities of clinicians). For 90% of the participants, emotional difficulties had negative impact on their relationships with their managers (anger, frustration, trustfulness, avoidance and lack of confidence) and 68% with their colleagues (isolation and withdrawal, negative emotional contamination, decrease in collaboration and lack of mutual aid). Overall, this research demonstrates the importance of protecting clinicians in a children protection mandate. Also, it shows that the emotional work that clinicians must produce, according to the requirements of the institutions involved (employer, academia and professional orders) is at the of all professional relationships in a child welfare context. This research allows in this regard to highlight the favorable conditions of emotional work, which can act as a protective filter in child welfare services. The research also allows, finally, to extend the typology of emotional work.
Duperré, Martine. "Le partenariat public-communautaire : offre et planification régionalisée des services en santé mentale au Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean". Thèse, 1993. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1354/1/1480914.pdf.
Pelletier, Audrey. "Relation entre les comportements interpersonnels des parents et des enseignants et des indices de santé mentale chez des adolescents". Thèse, 2005. http://constellation.uqac.ca/553/1/24584787.pdf.
Ducharme, Anne-Marie. "Victimisation en contexte de délinquance, psychopathie et santé mentale chez les jeunes contrevenants". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21966.
Vila, Masse Samantha. "Au menu : ma santé mentale : la santé mentale des travailleurs et travailleuses de la restauration : test du modèle demande-contrôle-soutien de Karasek et Theorell". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18850.
Hamouche, Salima. "Santé mentale des cadres : travail, identité et pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22690.
Marchand, Alain. "Travail et santé mentale : une perspective multi-niveaux des déterminants de la détresse psychologique". Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14848.
Rivet, Camille. "Autonomie et pouvoir dans les pratiques d’intervention en santé mentale en milieux communautaires : perspectives d’intervenantes". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23694.
This sociological study focuses on relational work of community mental health workers. The current context in which community mental health intervention occurs is characterized by a binding rule to empower the people they accompany. This leads us to seek to better understand how personal autonomy in mental health intervention unfolds in the context of specific situations that arise in community organizations. The thesis presents an exploratory and analytical study, based on an interactionist framework, and guided by two approaches. First, street-level-bureaucracy, which allows us to capture the strategies of relational workers in constraining organisational contexts; and second, the concept of “autonomy” defined as dynamic relational power in contexts of interaction. We analyzed how community mental health workers, on the one hand, exercise their discretionary power within their work milieu, and on the other hand, how they see their own autonomy and that of a person they were accompanying, in the context of a situated intervention. Our principal method of data collection, the explication interview, allowed us to delve deeply into the practices of community mental health workers, as they were invited to produce a detailed narrative of a specific intervention situation. These narratives were then integrated and reconstructed in the form of three textual data sets (contextual, narrative and reflexive) that were coded using both thematic and grounded theory procedures, and analysed transversely to produce insights into the situated autonomy of the community mental health workers, and their negotiated autonomy in the context of intervention interactions. We found that, from the perspective of the community mental health workers we interviewed, autonomy in the context of intervention has a bidirectional dynamic, in that the autonomy of the workers influences that of the people they accompany, but is also conditioned by the autonomy exercised by the people they are helping. There is none the less a hierarchical cascade that can be observed, in so far as the workers must justify their strategic intervention choices to the community organizations in which they work and to their colleagues, while the people they help must justify their choices to them.
Dubeau, Anouk. "Les travailleurs victimes de lésions professionnelles : du processus d’indemnisation aux problèmes de santé mentale". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19406.
The main objective of this master’s thesis is to better understand the role of the different actors encountered by workers in work stoppage, due to an accident which occurred because of work or while working, on their mental health and on their path. Secondly, it is important to determine the effect that social support can have on the level of psychological distress felt by these workers. In order to carry out this research, data were collected from interviews with patients of a polyclinic of Montreal who were in work stoppage. Based on a sample of 12 workers, this study revealed that different actors have an influence on the path of those workers and that multiple social support factors have an impact on the level of well-being or psychological distress of those individuals. Indeed, having emotional, material, instrumental, informational, esteem, affiliation or tangible support, being integrated socially, feeling useful and needed, being able to confirm its value and to obtain practical or material support, are all social support factors which protect against psychological distress. Conversely, being excluded from the labor market, not being able to have access to those different forms of support or even the simple fact of perceiving it as such, are all factors which significantly increase the level of psychological distress.
Kammogne, Christiane Liliane. "Traits d’identité culturelle, travail et santé mentale : une étude dans la main-d’œuvre canadienne". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24828.
The increased disability claims linked to mental health problems, the economic implications of mental illness in terms of costs for businesses, and the established link between work and mental health are some of the rising concerns explaining the growing interest in mental health interventions and programs in the workplace. In a context where the personalization of mental health interventions is further promoted, cultural identity traits could contribute to such a personalization. We define cultural identity traits as a tangible or intangible element of a cultural identity, inherited or not, considered as isolable and that could be subject of a specific analysis. To personalize mental health interventions according to cultural identity traits, it would require adapting these interventions to meet specific workplace situations in which cultural identity traits may act as important factors. This thesis is the beginning of an answer on whether such an approach is worth of interest. This thesis examines how cultural identity traits, such as ethnicity and immigration status, affect how work is related to mental health symptoms such as psychological distress symptoms and depressive symptoms in the Canadian workforce. The limited attention paid to cultural identity traits by current models to analyze work stress, prevents a better understanding of the cultural identity traits role in the association linking work to mental health issues, while they are associated with both work and mental health. The composition of the Canadian population justifies the relevance of including cultural identity traits into a comprehensive analysis of work and mental health, as over 250 000 newcomers settle in Canada every year, with approximately 80% coming from Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Studies show that immigrants and those identified as visible minorities are more likely to end up in jobs where the working conditions are much more difficult. These two groups appear to have a higher prevalence of psychological distress symptoms and depressive symptoms. In order to address the inherent limits of the current theoretical models explaining work stress in the literature, we use in this study a multilevel analysis approach of work stress inspired by the social stress theory, and sociological approaches discussed in the United States from a micro–macro perspective, and in Europe from an agency-structure perspective. Social stress theory allows us to understand the mechanisms linking some conditions of social organization to mental health. Micro-macro and agency-structure approaches are not only concerned with dividing social reality into levels, but also try to understand the direction between levels. Our theoretical model examines three main hypotheses in which work factors with the exception of overqualification are inspired by those found in the multilevel model: 1) a direct relationship between cultural identity traits (immigrant status and ethnicity) and mental health problems (psychological distress symptoms and depressive symptoms); 2) a moderating effect of cultural identity traits on the relation between work factors (overqualification, skill utilization, decision latitude, psychological demands, physical demands, social support at work, job insecurity, worked hours, irregular work scheduling) and mental health problems; 3) a mediating role of work factors on the relation between cultural identity trait and mental health problems. The mediating effect allows us to analyze if a differential exposure to work factors based on ethnicity and immigrant status exist. The data for this study were collected from the nine cycles of the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) conducted by Statistics Canada over an 18-year period starting from 1994 and ending in 2012 after 9 cycles. Multilevel regression analyses were conducted on a sample of 6477 workers. The results of the analysis are presented in three articles representing the chapters 5 to 7 of this thesis. Results suggest that ethnicity seems to influence the relationship between work and the two analyzed symptoms. Ethnicity (visible minority versus caucasian) seems to be associated with depressive symptoms, but not with psychological distress symptoms. Among the effects of moderating variables and the effects of mediating variables tested, only one variable is proven significant. The skill utilization plays a mediating role in the relationship between ethnicity and psychological distress symptoms. There seems to be a differential exposure to work factors based on ethnicity. Compared to caucasians, visible minorities are more exposed to overqualification and less to skill utilization and decision latitude. All analyses conducted with immigration status have led to inconclusive results. Many limitations related to our research strategy (measurement of ethnicity, job quality is not taken into account, immigrant categories are not distinguished, mostly long-term immigrants, confounding variables not reflecting many realities face by the migration and integration process, etc.) call to be caution when interpreting the results of this thesis. The results of this thesis do not close debates on how cultural identity traits, such as ethnicity and immigration status affect the way work is related to mental health symptoms. However, they provide some insights into it. The results suggest that reducing risky working conditions and tackling differential exposure to work factors might provide two avenues for action against mental health problems in the Canadian workforce. Taking tangible steps on these two directions could also help lower cost related to mental health issues, which are continuously growing in Canada. One element that seems to stand out the most from this study is the need to look more closely at the issue of professional deskilling.
Lupien, Pierre-Luc. "«Tout perdre» : causes sociales des problèmes de santé mentale à travers le récit de vie de personnes en situation d’itinérance". Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9927.
During the 1960s, the study of the impact of social conditions on mental health seemed to be a logical path for psychiatric research (Sicot, 2001), it seems that it has once again become ''irrelevant'' in the present context. In a context wherein most are acknowledging the biological approach in psychiatry, where is the role of social conditioning to explain the roots of mental health issues? Many authors from the field of social sciences and psychiatry have adressed that issue. From their perspective, specific social conditions, immigration, welfare recipients or housekeepers are particularly favorable to mental illness. The objective of this Dissertation is to focus on the impact of homelessness on the mental health of people living with that condition. Authors such as Furtos (2007) have acknowledged that homelessness - as an extreme form of social exclusion- can readily generate mental health disorders. Keeping with the objective of adressing the issue of the consequences of social conditioning on mental health, thie aim of this Dissertation is to present the views of homeless people living with mental health problems. The methodology used is based on the life histories of 10 participants in the At home initiative, a research and demonstration project in Montreal. The objective of the Dissertation is to identify explanatory factors brought by participants during the sharing of their life stories and to compare them with the available and current sociological data in the field of socio-genesis.
Bilodeau, Jaunathan. "Expliquer les écarts de santé mentale entre les hommes et les femmes en emploi : l’effet du genre". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20632.
Lamige, Céline C. "Pauvreté, criminalité et problèmes de santé mentale : une évaluation qualitative et quantitative des interventions communautaires et policières dans un taudis mal famé". Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4547.
Models of problem-oriented policing and community policing are often shown in opposition to each other. This thesis presents an evaluation of a police crackdown, combining elements of the above mentioned models and aimed at ending disorder outbreaks caused by tenants of a troublesome flophouse. Analyses are based on both qualitative and quantitative evaluations of community and police interventions conducted in a building known as the "Motel". Results obtained through discussions with community organizations, police and neighbourhood residents have lead to better understanding the phases of this police and community operation. They also provided the operation mode on property buyback by a municipal administration and assessed its impact by means of a preventive perspective. The results also helped to acknowledge the importance of flophouses for a number of helpless tenants in this district, but also the reputation that follows. The management process for this category of building is in close correlation with the type of tenants who live there. A field analysis, conducted three years after the operation, has made it possible to identify the type of problems afflicting the majority of tenants living in flophouses that are privately managed. In this case, the problems are linked to mental health. Results of the quantitative evaluation have demonstrated that intensive patrol surveillance increases residents’ propensity to place 9-1-1 calls and the strategy to reduce disorder in the general neighbourhood by targeting notorious slums has not been particularly conclusive on the site observed.
L'analyse quantitative a été réalisée en cotutelle avec Rémi Boivin et Pierre Tremblay et publiée dans la Revue de Criminologie: Boivin, R., Lamige, C,. Tremblay, P. (2009) La police devrait-elle cibler les taudis malfamés? Criminologie, (42)1, 225-266.
Dalexis, Rose D. "Le rôle des horaires atypiques, du conflit travail-famille, de l’autorité décisionnelle et des demandes psychologiques sur la santé mentale des travailleurs au Canada". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24408.
The changes in the world of work due to globalization are mainly for the benefit of the effectiveness and efficiency of enterprises. These changes, which also affect the work organization, are not without effects on the health of workers. This thesis focuses on the effect of non-standard work schedules on the mental health of workers. Its objectives are 1) to study the association between non-standard schedules and mental health problems among workers; and 2) to explore the effect of work-family conflict, psychological demands, and decision latitude on workers' mental health. This study is based on a sample of 2,162 participants from the SALVEO survey, which is one of the most important mental health studies conducted in Canada. Preliminary, descriptive analyses were conducted in order to draw up a portrait of the study population and compare the prevalence of mental health problems among workers. In order to refute or confirm the hypotheses put forward, bivariate correlation and logistic regression analyses were carried out. All analyses were performed using version 25 of the SPSS software. The results showed us that non-standard schedules have no direct effect on the mental health of workers. However, people working non-standard schedules are at greater risk of developing mental health problems compared to those working standard schedules. Work-family conflict and psychological demands tend to increase the risk of developing mental health problems, while decision-making latitude has the opposite effect.
Quesnel, Elisabeth. "Une étude sur le rôle médiateur de la justice organisationnelle sur la relation entre le leadership des supérieurs immédiats et la santé mentale des employés". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24412.
The main objective of this research is to determine the mediating effect of organizational justice between the empowering leadership of immediate superiors and the psychological distress of employees. Two main objectives are pursued. The first is to identify the impact of empowering leadership on psychological distress. The second objective aims to determine the mediating role of organizational justice, more precisely distributive justice, procedural justice, interpersonal justice and informational justice, between the empowering leadership exercised towards a subordinate and psychological distress. The secondary data that allow us to make the necessary statistical analyzes were collected as part of a study carried out in the industrial metalworking sector of Quebec. A total of 741 employees were surveyed using questionnaires. Analyzes of structural equations completed our analyzes. The results indicate that empowering leadership alone does not reduce a subordinate’s levels of psychological distress. However, the hypotheses concerning the mediating role of distributive and procedural justice have confirmed. To conclude, these results show that empowering leadership combined with the perception of a high level of distributive or procedural justice has a significant impact on the reduction of the occurrence of psychological distress. Thus, it is in the interest of organizations in the metalworking sector of Quebec to influence the immediate superiors to apply empowering leadership while paying particular attention to the distribution of resources as well as to the elaboration of procedures.
Elmi, Myriam Hany. "L’implication judiciaire des enfants victimes d’agression sexuelle et l’influence sur leur rétablissement". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21967.
Victims of child sexual abuse are likely to show a wide range of adaptation difficulties (e.g.: depression, anxiety, PTSD). In addition, some children and their families are involved in legal proceedings following the child’s disclosure. Children testifying in court and having to report traumatic events such as sexual abuse raise questions amongst professionals and researchers. However, little is known about the legal involvement of child sexual abuse victims (Jodi A. Quas et al., 2005). The main objective of this study is to examine the influence of legal involvement on the mental health and the recovery process of child sexual abuse victims. In the present longitudinal study, the effects of testifying were examined in a sample of 344 children (67% of girls) receiving therapeutic services in a Child Advocacy Centre (CAC), of which 130 children testified. The participants’ age ranged from 6 to 14 years old (m= 9.42 s. d.= 2.14). Children and their parents completed a series of measures to evaluate the child’s mental health (e.g. depression, anxiety, PTSD) at four points in time (at initial assessment, at the end of CAC services, 1 year after the initial assessment and 2 years after the initial assessment). Multilevel analysis indicates that all the children, independently of their legal involvement, showed significant improvement with the therapeutic services. However, the group who testified more than once shows higher levels of emotional distress 2 years after the initial assessment. This study highlights the importance of documenting the experience of CSA victims in the justice system in order to establish the adequate conditions to support child witnesses.
Benoit, Pierre-Olivier. "Validation de la structure factorielle de la version francophone pour le Québec du MAYSI-2". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25053.
Youth offenders have a high prevalence of mental disorders compared to adolescents in the general population. It seems that a large proportion of them do not receive the appropriate services and treatments for their mental conditions, often due to a lack of screening. The Massachusetts Youth Screening Instrument – second version (MAYSI-2) appears to be a key screening tool for youth offenders in the United States and around the world. A version adapted for Francophones in Quebec has been in clinical use since 2016 but has not been the subject of any validation so far. The objective of our study is to validate the factorial structure of the French- version of the MAYSI-2 for French speaking adolescent in Quebec based on data collected from a sample of adolescent housed in units for youth offenders (N=962). To do this, we analysed the internal consistency of the instrument and its various sub-scales. We then carried out a confirmatory factor analysis to test the structure of the dimensions and a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis to examine the robustness of the solutions according to gender (boy: N= 880 -girl: N= 82) and legal status (LSJPA, N = 741 and Intensive Supervision, N = 207). Our results indicate that the internal consistency of the scales is reliable for five of the seven scales (Alpha between 0.704 and 0.805), satisfactory for the scale of traumatic experiences (Alpha of 0,603) and below the standards for the scale of thought disturbance (Alpha of 0,480). Confirmatory factor analysis results indicate that the fit of the seven-factor model is beyond the satisfaction criteria (root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.041, Tucker and Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.911 and Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0,905). Our measures of the invariance of the factor structure between subgroups indicates that the seven-factor model is a satisfactory solution for all subgroups in our study. Taken as a whole, our results confirm the factorial validity of the French-version of the MAYSI-2 for French speaking adolescent in Quebec. These results support the relevance of implementing the French version of the MAYSI-2 tool more widely as a screening tool to be used systematically with French speaking young offenders in Quebec.
Ruelland, Isabelle. "Cercles citoyens et espace public : la démocratisation organisationnelle à l’épreuve des rodas brésiliennes". Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/19208.
In Brazil, anti-authoritarian movements, particularly those engaged in psychiatric reform, are creating some of the newest innovative democratic forms of social participation. The aim of this research is first to understand how these new participatory schema act on the social relations of power across the mental health network in the city of Campinas in the State of São Paulo. I first problematize the social and economic forces involved in the construction of this network and its "system of analysis and co-management". This participatory model of organization requires users, workers, managers and sometimes local elected officials work side by side. Across the different streams of organizational sociology, the user is seen to play a central role in defining the socio-political dimension of the organization. However this is not achieved through participatory schema rather the user arises from the production of political subjectivation and the actual experiments themselves. Using ethnographic data collected during an eight-month period from across the Campinas mental health network, I observe how the transformation of the subjective social relations of power experienced by the actors refers to specific collective configurations commonly known as "rodas" (Circle in Portuguese). The term “rodas” refers to small groups of actors who meet to reflect, debate and decide on actions to be taken in relation to mental health practices in the city. These collective configurations allow citizens to give meaning and form to a local democratization project. The study then focuses on how the rodas influence the social relations of power induced by the local organization. In 2012, the Campinas mental health network went through one of the biggest crises in its history. Cuts and the privatization of services led to widespread citizen mobilization. In this context, I identify tensions and strategies within the rodas and their means for participation across the network paying attention to their everyday experiences. The analysis of rodas opens up new avenues of understanding the levers of collective power in an organizational context. Through the sharing of time in a plurality of open spaces, through sharing affect as well as through collective problem-solving of critical events impacting affecting daily life, the rodas act to reduce organisational e hierarchy. This collective effort of constantly renew democratization does not however make it possible to overcome the inequalities of power induced by the organization of services and by Brazilian society. As a form of citizen participatory practice, rodas nevertheless provide collective levers that denounce contradictions and social injustices within and outside the organization. Their practices highlight the possibility of a continuous collective criticism open to social creativity. This research opens a new field of study on citizen participation and innovation in the context of the organization; a field that is all the more promising because it is part of a critical renewal of the sociology of organizations.
Choinière-Tran, Kim. "La mise en scène de l’intervention psychosociale en contexte de crise : ethnographie d’un partenariat « policier-travailleur social »". Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22468.
Gutiérrez-Araya, Marcio. "L’apport des savoirs expérientiels à la compréhension des dépendances : le cas de personnes avec une expérience d’itinérance participant au projet Chez Soi à Montréal". Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18846.
In the literature on addictions, authors often put the emphasis on the biological, psychological, or sociological dimensions or some combination of them, without taking into consideration people’s own perspectives on their drug use. Moreover, there seem to be divergences amongst the various explicative models, which may be situated between two majors poles: in the first, addiction takes source in individual factors; in the second, social conditions create propitious grounds for drug usage. This dichotomy is incarnated by the divergence between the sociological models and the psychological and biological models. However, as suggested by Allué (1999) and Griffiths (2005), one must take into consideration the individual’s perception in order to appreciate the wholeness and intensity of their experience. In this research, testimonies of twelve participants from the At Home project, an intervention project whose aim is to offer subsidized housing and an intensive follow-up by teams of interveners to homeless people with mental health issues, will be analyzed in order to pin down the contribution of their experiential knowledge to the understanding of addiction. How do they perceive their addiction problems? How can one relate the participants’ perception to the existing literature? This thesis highlights that participants and their experiential knowledge bring us a holistic understanding of addiction because they tend to combine the sociological, psychological and biological dimensions in their explanations. Even though the relational dimension is predominant, the perception that the participants have of their addictions is addressed under the thematic of mental health. By putting into context the elements brought up by the participants regarding addiction throughout their life, we can realize that they are caught up in a spiral of addiction.
Moreau, Nicolas. "Entre mémoire vive, connexion et récit-projet : une analyse sociologique du rapport au temps chez les individus « dépressifs »". Thèse, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1862/1/D1771.pdf.