Tesis sobre el tema "Sacs en matières plastiques"
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Girard, Nina. "Impact des rayonnements ionisants sur les films plastiques utilisés pour des applications biopharmaceutiques et biotechnologiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0254.
Texto completoSingle-use plastic bags are intended for the biopharmaceutical industries for the storage, transport or mixing of biopharmaceutical solutions. These systems are made from multilayer polymer films and sterilized by gamma irradiation. The current healthcare context leads to a strong growth in the manufacture of products for the pharmaceutical industry. In addition, there are concerns about the capacity to sterilize by gamma irradiation in the future years to come. Two alternative methods such as electron beam irradiation and X-ray irradiation are then considered to be used as additional methods to gamma sterilization. The impact of gamma irradiation on two types of multilayer polymer films PE/EVOH/PE and EVA/EVOH /EVA is deeply studied. The aim of this thesis is to study the impact of electron beam and X-ray irradiations on these plastic films and to compare these results with those obtained by gamma irradiation, the most widespread irradiation modality. The irradiated samples were characterized using various analytical techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance, oxygen and water vapor permeability tests, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The results show that the three types of radiation have similar effects: same types of radicals are generated and there is no change in the structure and composition of polymers, whatever the film. The results show that gamma irradiation and X-ray irradiation have the same impact on properties and characteristics studied, while the electron beam shows a lower impact on oxidation phenomena
Aït, Amer Abdelaziz. "Broyage et séparation des matériaux polymériques sans fragilisation cryogénique : approche fractographique du réacteur de division et transposition des techniques métallurgiques de séparation". Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20130.
Texto completoFréret, Lucie Viviane Françoise. "Méthodes particulaires en vue de la simulation numérique pour la plasturgie". Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECAP1058.
Texto completoThe framework of this thesis is the simulation of injection processes of thermoplastic materials. The aim is to simulate numerically fluid flows with free boundaries where transition of phase can occur. More precisely, in this work, we have considered bidimensionnal incompressible viscous flows with Lagrangian meshless methods. The lack of consistency of discetrized partial derivatives operator for the MPS method (Moving Particle Semi-implicit) is shown. By using approximated consistent meshless techniques close to MLS approximation (Moving Least Square), we then propose an original Lagrangian meshless method which discretize incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in a purely Lagrangian formulation. Concerning the semi-discretization in time, we use the classical projection method. The resultant fractionnal step method consists in three stages: a prediction step of position and velocity field, a correction step of position particles and a correction step of velocities field. Such a discretization keeps the particle repartition regular and do not need to create or destroy particles. An original numerical treatment to track or capture free surfaces and computation of surface tension force are proposed. We compare numerical results to experiments showing the capability of our method to calculate mono-fluid free surface flows. In a second part, we present a bi-fluid extension using a melt model. The Rayleigh-Taylor results are compared to these obtained by other methods. Because of the limitations of such model, we focus on a bifluid model where each fluid is calculated. This model needs first the non-constant coefficient operator div( a grad) to be discretized. We the use an integral representation ans a quadrature formulae with Gauss's points. The numerical model obtained is a previously three step method adaptation. Precise numerical results show the significance of the approach
Duterme, Jean Marie. "Matières plastiques et préparations injectables : interactions". Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P039.
Texto completoPeyrat, Eric. "Nouveau composite biodégradable obtenu à partir de maïs plante entière : étude du procédé de transformation thermo-mécano-chimique en extrudeur bi-vis et de la mise en forme par injection-moulage". Toulouse, INPT, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPT100G.
Texto completoBourrigaud, Sylvain. "Etude de la modification des propriétés rhéologiques induite par l'écoulement : application à l'extrusion-couchage". Pau, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PAUU3030.
Texto completoIn polymer processing one can observe a modification of the rheological properties during the extrusion process. This phenomenon also called "shear modification" or "shear refining" has been well characterized from an experimental point of view, although the molecular mechanisms involved in this phenomenon are still not really understood. In this study we present relevant experimental data ranging from the processing scale up to the laboratory scale. In particular we evaluate the respective effects of the reversible physical modification with respect to the irreversible chemical degradation, on the extrusion coating performances of two commecial low density polyethylenes. The laboratory scale approach shows some very specific recovery kinetics of the original rheological properties; it also allows to make a qualitative comparison of long chain branching and molecular weigth distribution effects. Our results show that one may consider two different timescales: one corresponding to relatively short times linked to a "regular" stress relaxation and the other corresponding to longer relaxation times associated with a slow recovery kinetics. We thus developped a model based on recent concepts of molecular dynamics which relate the disentanglement mechanism to the chain conformation relaxation. This model shows in particular that one can explain qualitatively the experimental results without any additional material parameter. Finally, we try to relate the "shear modification" effects to extrusion parameters in order to integrate this phenomenon in the optimization of processing performances
Godin, Marie-Christine. "Valorisation de plastiques recyclés en provenance des centres de tri". Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29740/29740.pdf.
Texto completoDreyer, Jean-Luc. "Le compactage des matières plastiques en injection assistée par gaz". Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/DREYER_Jean-Luc_2010.pdf.
Texto completoThe gas assisted injection moulding is a process commonly implemented to save material while creating a cavity in a plastic part. In cases of more complex applications, it can happen that two or more bubbles are brought to merge. For a long time, this connection was considered as impossible. In some special configurations this phenomena can be provoked and its perfectly repeatable. This connection allows a homogeneous field of pressure thus diminating internal constraints due to pressure gradient. Besides, it becomes possible to control the polymer shrinkage while modifying simply the nitrogen pressure level
Rakotondramanitra, Jean-Désiré. "Renforcement des sols par nappes de déchets de matières plastiques". Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10103.
Texto completoDaudon, Dominique. "Remblais allégés en déchets de matières plastiques : étude du procédé Plastbloc". Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10035.
Texto completoDebondue, Eric. "Les mécanismes de formation et de cohésion des lignes de soudure de flux dans les pièces injectées en matière plastique". Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10135.
Texto completoDuveau, Hervé. "Amélioration d'un processus de fabrication de filets en matière thermoplastique : maitrise de la mise en forme de polymère par extrusion". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10076.
Texto completoEltzer, Thomas. "Contribution à l'intégration des approches standard et inventives dans la conception : Application à l'injection de thermoplastiques". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005STR13174.
Texto completoInnovation is a real need for industry today. Technical dimension of innovation relies on invention, which means technical problem solving. Our research contributes in building methodological support, assisting technical problem solving in design. The first step is the identification of a problematics in injection molding design, based on the one hand on the analysis of nine projects in two different companies, and on the other hand on a litterature review. This problematics is synthesised in the shape of three conflicts that need to be solved. These three conflicts are then generalised in a problematics in the field of technical system design. To do so, three directions existing in litterature have been reviewed: concurrent engineering, inventive design and TRIZ. The built contributions are presented in the second step. They aim at solving both of the identified problematics. Our contributions are: a knowledge modeling principle (based on three kinds of parameters, linked by objective laws) and a method using this technical knowledge (either in order to identify known solution concepts in the frame of standard design, or to formulate a key contradiction that is to be solved using TRIZ tools in the frame of inventive design). Knowledge modeling principle has been applied to injection molding in order to propose an extended knowledge base. The third step is the testing of our contributions on three projects, managed in the companies already mentionned. It has been possible to propose concept solutions to continue these projects, bloqued due to technical problem. Hence, the efficiency of our contributions has been proved
Călin, Laur Florentin. "Séparation électrostatique des matériaux plastiques provenant d'équipements informatiques en utilisant la triboélectrisation en lit fluidisé". Poitiers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008POIT2279.
Texto completoThis work aimed at elaborating a process using triboelectrisation for charging plastic granules and electric field forces to separate them. After an introduction to the state of the, the author describes the two fluidised bed tribocharging devices and the two electrostatic separators that he built. The factors that influence the tribocharging of certain granular plastics (PVC, PET, ABS, PS) i. E. Duration of charging process, particle size, nature of the surfaces in contact, were evaluated using the design of experiments method. The influence of ambient temperature and humidity on charging binary mixtures of plastics was investigated using the same methodology. A numerical model of charged particle trajectories has been validated by experiments performed on granular mixtures of ABS, ABS-PC and HIPS. The experimental results confirm that tribocharging in a fluidised bed followed by electrostatic separation is an effective process for informatics equipment waste treatment
Messas, Tahar. "Etude des renforcements des sols par nappes discontinues en matières plastiques souples". Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10280.
Texto completoGosselin, Ryan. "Injection de mousses composites bois/plastiques d'origine post- consommation". Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22718/22718.pdf.
Texto completoPoisson, Charles. "Optimisation de films complexes PE/Liant/PA à propriétés d'usage maîtrisées". Lille 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LIL10152.
Texto completoThe modification of the microstructure and the interdiffusion as well as the intermolecular interactions induced by addition of EVA in the PE layer PE/binder/PA packaging films improve the seal ability and the optical properties without degradation of the mechanical and adhesion performances. Only the sleep ability is deteriorated. The addition of EVA in the tie layer improve the PEgMAH/PA6-66 adhesion properties modification of the type and the density of the intermolecular interactions between tie layer, PA and EVA. The substitution of a linear PA6 by a branched leads to a degradation of the PEgMAH/PA6 adhesion properties which is mainly controlled by the contact time between the polymers. The slip ability was adjusted by addition of slip agents in the (PE+EVA) layer whose efficiency is limited by the presence of the adjacent layers and the formation of a non-uniform lubricating layer. The use of nanofillers in the PA6 layer leads to an improvement of the mechanical properties but a limited reduction of the gas permeability
Bidoret, Aurélie. "Protection par encapsulation de l’enzyme lors de l’incorporation dans des plastiques biodégradables". Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT079F.
Texto completoThe development of biodegradable plastics by incorporating of enzymes is one of the potential solutions to the growing problems of domestic and industrial wastes. The objective of this thesis is to develop four existing encapsulation methods providing protection for the enzymes used in biodegradable plastics. The first method consist of forming polylacticacid (PLA) microspheres by using encapsulation by solvent evaporation
Lamolle, Vincent. "Etude de cisaillement intense de plastiques mélangés en vue d'applications au recyclage". Aix-Marseille 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX11068.
Texto completoChanliau, Blanot Marie-Thérèse. "Etude de la fragilité à chaud de mélanges d'EPDM et de PE fortement chargés par du trihydrate d'aluminium". Mulhouse, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MULH0008.
Texto completoIrissin-Mangata, Josiane. "Recherche de nouveaux matériaux d'emballage à hautes performances à base de gluten de blé et de polymères synthétiques". La Réunion, 1998. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/98_08_Irissin.pdf.
Texto completoZhi-Qiang, Cao. "Etude du phénomène de séparation de phase induit par une réaction de polycondensation. : Application à la modification des réseaux cyanate-ester". Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0058.
Texto completoThe phase separation process induced by a polycondensation reaction in the rubber (random acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer) or thermoplastic (polyethersulfone) modified cyanate-ester network was studied. The investigation was concentrated on the influence of the nature and the reactivity of an initially soluble rubber or thermoplastic additive on the reaction kinetics, morphology and mechanical Properties of cyanate-ester network. The polycondensation kinetics were only disturbed when the additive contained reactive and catalytic end groups. The in situ observation of the phase separation by small angle X-ray scattering, completed by the other techniques ( Light ,translission and scattering and transmitting electronic microscopy) showed that the phase behaviour and the phase separation process of the rubber/epoxy and rubber/ cyanate-ester s stems were similar, but those of thermoplastic/ cyanate-estet systems were different. The final morphology depended strongly on the nature and the reactivity of the additive, although all of the systems studied consisted of a primary structure - particles dispersed in the matrix, and of a sub-structure inside the dispersed particles. It seems that the effect of the adhesion quality between the phases on the tenacity is more important than the volume fraction and size of the dispersed phase
Bras, Yannick Stéphan. "Etude des hétérogénéités physique et chimique du photovieillissement du PVC". Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CLF21501.
Texto completoCélarier, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude des instabilités à l'interface de deux fluides polymères en coextrusion annulaire : étude expérimentale et modélisation". Saint-Etienne, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STET4004.
Texto completoArryman, Arif. "Dynamique et simulation des marches de matière plastique". Paris 9, 1995. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1995PA090018.
Texto completoThis thesis concerns with the problem of dynamic modelling of market behavior. Its purpose is to introduce system dynamic simulation models capable of representing the dynamic of the polystyrene market. System dynamics methodology is employed as it provides conceptual devices that facilitate the clarification and formalization of mental model of market agents or experts. It facilitates also the conceptualization and formulation of complex relationships consist of time delays, non-linearity embedded in many interconnected feedback loops existing in the real-world market system. An aggregate and a competitive market models are constructed to represent the dynamic of the polystyrene market. The causal relationships and feedback structures of the models include classical economics forces and concepts such as market clearing through adjustment of supply and demand. Qualitative factors and concepts such as viscosity socio-psychology (elasticity) as well as accelerators of pressures psycho-financial (anticipation, speculation) underlying market mechanism. The analysis and simulation of model’s behavior produce insight and facilitate understanding and comprehension of the relationship between the complex behavior of the plastics markets and its underlying structure
Papin, Philippe. "Etude et choix de matériaux polymères ou composites pour la réalisation d'une forme creuse - projet canoe͏̈ biplace pour la randonnée". Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2299.
Texto completoRuffier, Mireille. "Mélanges polyester insaturé - polyacétate de vinyle : Etude de la morphologie et de la compensation du retrait de polymérisation". Lyon, INSA, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ISAL0002.
Texto completoThis study d~al_s with _blends of unsaturated polyester and poly vinyl. Acetate - PVAc, some of them containing fillers (calcium carbonate). The reaction between two glass slides is observed by optical microscopy. With a sufficient PVAc content, phase separation occurs, possibly followed by micro fissuring. Existence and form of micro fissure depend on cure temperature. It is shown that these micro fissures are fractal and their dimension increases with temperature and PVAc content. A molding simulator bas been developed in order to study the different blends under realistic processing conditions. The shrinkage compensation is investigated as a function of pressure, temperature, PVAc content. Pressure is found to be the main parameter. The non linear effect of PVAc content is observed and explained in terms of micro void geometry. Fracture surfaces viewed by scanning electronic microscopy are characterized by their fractal dimension with two methods. Finally, the assumption of correlation between the polyester network morphology after phase separation and micro fissure morphology is verified by a computer simulation
Barthélémy, Eric. "Interactions entre l'eau et le poly(chlorure de vinyle) chloré". Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11015.
Texto completoMouhmid, Bouchaïb. "Étude de l'endommagement et de la rupture d'un polyamide 66 chargé en fibres de verre courtes". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-253.pdf.
Texto completoGatouillat, Sébastien. "Approche mésoscopique pour la mise en forme des renforts tissés de composites". Lyon, INSA, 2010. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2010ISAL0121/these.pdf.
Texto completoWoven reinforcements forming simulation allows studying feasibility conditions of such processes limiting experimental tests and therefore development costs. Simulation allows accessing to information such as fibre positions after forming and their deformation state as well as predicting the onset of defects (wrinkles, yarns sliding, fibre/yarn fracture). The definition of the fabric mechanical behaviour necessary for these simulations can be done at different scales. Today only the macroscopic scale allows simulations of forming processes. Models at lower scales then allow to define the macroscopic behaviour of reinforcement from the assembly of their elementary components. The meso/macro (or micro/macro) transition is accompanied by an information loss due to the transition from a discrete description to a continuous one. The proposed model consist in a mesoscopic description of the reinforcement allowing the simulation of forming processes at the macroscopic scale. This is possible thanks to a simplification of the description by using shell elements. A hypoelastic behaviour specific of the yarn is then considered. In particular, fibre direction is strictly tracked and a non linear elastic behaviour is defined, allowing the consideration of the transverse compaction of the yarn. Identification and validation of the model are done using classical characterisation tests. In addition to a good description of the shearing behaviour of fabrics, the model allows the prediction of wrinkles and yarns sliding. Forming simulations illustrate these capabilities
Jamal, Mounia. "Evaluation de la biodégradation et de l'écotoxicité des films de paillage agricole : étude comparative et modélisation des tests de (bio)dégradabilité". Le Mans, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LEMA1004.
Texto completoChoukri, Saad. "Mise en œuvre de méthodes d'essais mécaniques pour la caractérisation de composites à renforts courts : application à un compound (Kinel) et aux panneaux de particules". Bordeaux 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR10617.
Texto completoLeguy, Isabelle. "Evaluation de la toxicité des emballages plastiques destinés au contact avec les aliments à l'aide de migrats d'emballage obtenus à partir de liquides simulateurs". Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS010.
Texto completoVazquez, Garcia Javier. "Développement d'outils pour l'étude de l'électrisation par écoulement d'un carburant dans une tubulure automobile". Poitiers, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005POIT2327.
Texto completoThis work is a study of the fuel flow electrification phenomenon when refuelling a motorcar. Two experimental set-ups have been developed. The first-one allows studying the influence of the solid/liquid couple nature using a laminar fuel flow in a plastic straight capillary. Eight plastic materials and fourteen fuels are combined. The second experimental set-up allows studying the influence of the pipe geometry. The measurements have identified some high charge accumulation zones on a true pipe. Numerical simulation of the fuel flow through the true pipe has allowed associating flow properties and high charge accumulation. Several study perspectives are proposed
El, Otmani Rabie. "Étude du refroidissement d'un polymère chaud sur une paroi métallique froide : influence des paramètres d'interfaces : application à l'injection des polymères". Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2009ISAL0060/these.pdf.
Texto completoIn the polymer processing industry, it's well established that the process conditions influence strongly the quality and final part properties. The numerical simulation of all the process is then necessary to optimise and understand the interaction between the process, the material properties and structure. In the injection moulding process, one numerical difficulty concerns the exact polymer-air front tracking during the filling step. The exact determination of the interfaces is needed to describe precisely the velocity fields, the pressure distribution and the fountain flow phenomena. The two aims of this work are then : i-development of a numerical model describing the non-isothermal flow of non-Newtonian fluids as in the filling stage in the injection molding process. Ii-apply the model to study the mold-polymer interfaces interaction, and to understand the effect of several molding parameters. First, we have proposed a penalty correction for the level set method, in order to ensure the mass conservation. After its validation in various configurations, the method is then introduced in a numerical simulation of a non-Newtonian, non isothermal flow in a rectangular cavity. A strong coupling between the energy, continuity, Navier-Stokes and level-set equations is made in order to describe the polymer behaviour in the mold. A finite Elements Method is used to solve the multiphysics problem. The results show clearly the fountain flow phenomenon. Temperature, pressure, velocity profiles and viscosity evolution are calculated and the influence of the contact thermal resistance between the metallic mold and the moving polymer interface is investigated for different injection molding conditions
Jeol, Stéphane. "Stratégies de modifications physico-chimiques des polyesters semi-cristallins : application à la fabrication de bouteilles en poly (éthylène téréphtalate)". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0072/these.pdf.
Texto completoYoussef, Majed. "Milieux fibreux tissés : modélisation et simulation de la mise en forme des CFRTP à géométrie non développable". Orléans, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ORLE2055.
Texto completoJacob-Vaillancourt, Colin. "Caractérisation avancée et valorisation des plastiques mélangés postconsommation : étude de cas chez Gaudreau Environnement inc". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28305.
Texto completoLes plus récents estimés indiquent que seulement 32% des plastiques post-consommation (emballages, sacs et contenants) sont récupérés par la collecte sélective des matières recyclables au Québec, et une quantité probablement encore moindre est réellement recyclée. Pourtant, le recyclage a été identifié comme une des stratégies clés permettant la mise en place d’une véritable économie circulaire des plastiques. Présentement, un manque de données précises et transférables entre les acteurs de la chaîne de valeurs rend plus difficile l’application de mesures efficaces pour augmenter la qualité des plastiques voués au recyclage thermomécanique. De plus, il existe peu de solutions de recyclage pour les flux de plastiques fortement hétérogènes, alors que la diversité des emballages disponibles sur le marché est sans cesse croissante. Ce travail de recherche avait pour objectif d’étudier la qualité des plastiques mélangés en provenance du centre de tri de Gaudreau Environnement Inc., et de développer une technologie de recyclage applicable aux flux hétérogènes de plastiques. Une caractérisation combinant des équipements industriels et des analyses de laboratoire a permis de dégager un taux de qualité correspondant à la concentration réelle d’un polymère visé dans un échantillon trié par séparateur optique. De plus, la caractérisation des contaminants a démontré que les plastiques faits de polystyrène et de polyvinyle chloré sont sujets à de grandes variations de qualité. Une méthode de recyclage de ces plastiques est proposée ici, soit l’utilisation d’agrégats de plastiques recyclés comme substituts au sable pour des mélanges expérimentaux de béton. Le plastique a généré des bétons ayant une plus grande ténacité élastique et une résistance thermique plus élevée que le béton conventionnel. Cette technique de recyclage a semblé convenir aux flux hétérogènes de plastiques, notamment lorsque plusieurs types de polymères sont présents, car les critères de qualité diffèrent de ceux employés pour évaluer les plastiques voués au recyclage thermomécanique conventionnel.
According to recent estimates, only 32% of all postconsumer plastics are collected by curbside collection programs in the province of Quebec (CANADA), and an even smaller amount may be actually recycled into new products. Recycling has nonetheless been identified as one of the key strategies needed to enable a transition to a fully circular economy for plastics. At this time, a lack of precise data, transferable between all stakeholders of the plastics value chain, prevents the implementation of efficient measures to upgrade the quality of plastics channelled towards thermomechanical recycling. Also, very few recycling techniques are designed for heterogeneous plastic streams, while an increasingly varied array of plastic packaging is found on the consumer market. This research aimed to study the quality of a mixed plastics stream produced by Gaudreau Environnement Inc.’s material recovery facility, and develop a recycling technique able to process an heterogeneous plastic stream. A combination of industrial machineries and laboratory analyses was used to characterize the quality of the mixed plastics, and a quality index was generated to estimate the concentration of a targeted polymer in a sorted plastic stream. A characterization of contaminants showed that polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride streams experienced more variation in terms of quality for recycling. A potential valorization route was investigated, where recycled plastic aggregates were substituted to sand in experimental concrete blends. Plastic aggregates helped confer greater elastic toughness and a higher thermal resistance to concrete. Plastic aggregates with a high bulk density, such as those derived from PVC, generated concretes with the best mechanical performances. This recycling technique seems promising for heterogeneous plastic streams, particularly when several polymers are present, since its quality parameters differ from conventional thermomechanical recycling.
Montezin, Fabrice. "Etude de l'influence des conditions de thermoformage et d'injection sur les propriétés d'aspect de pièces surmoulées". Paris, ENMP, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENMP1182.
Texto completoVan, Gorp Adrien. "Optimisation du temps de cycle d'injection de pièces plastiques". Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1722.
Texto completoIn plastic injection, the mold must be designed to increase the heat fluxes leading to the cooling time. Firstly, this work is focused on the heat exchange between the mold and the cooling fluid. A technical solution is proposed to reduce the sub-layer which indues a heat fluxes limitation. Experimental results and numeric simulations show that exchange is increased about 7%. Next, the influence of 4 process parameters is studied on the polymeric material (characterized by means of shrinkage and hardness measurements) and on the gloss and roughness of injected parts surface. Results lead to a main effect of injection temperature and velocity. These effects on the material are linked with the cristallinity promoted by the injection temperature. The main effect on the surface is explained by the evolution of the polymer viscosity during the injection phase. Globally, it seems to be important to take into account the different physical phenomena in the cycle rime optimization by modifying the injection parameters
Benouadah, Ali. "Interaction lait plastiques et influence des paramètres physico-chimiques et de la concentration de la caséine du lait sur la migration des minéraux". Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114846.
Texto completoGazo, Hanna Eddie. "Procédé de formage des composites à fibres longues et matrice thermoplastique : analyse expérimentale et numérique du glissement interpli". Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ECDN0043.
Texto completoThe industrial problem of thermoforming of composites materials with long fibers and thermoplastic matrix is in the desire to control the forming process at high mechanical performance while ensuring a reasonable cost of manufacture. The process is a challenge cause it attemps fo form a material during its processing: heating, transfer to the press, pressing and cooling. Complex part forming reveals the occurence of detects such as "fiber buckling", porosity and migration of the resin. The simulation of the process is not yet as mature, even if software of draping or thermoforming begin to appear. The current codes are not suitable to use in distributed areas, while unfortunately this is the key point of the simulation. Moreover, as we expect, the calculation results depend very strongly on the friction "friction coeffecient", scalar parameter which is strongly varaible. The objective of this work is to obtain a better understanding of the thermoforming through the study of physical processes involved in the ply deformation. In fact, a good knowledge of the behavior and good determination of experimental parameters associated in the modeling lead to a better data for coding and therefoer a better simulation of the process
Peter, Philippe. "Contribution à l'étude de l'agglomération contrôlée de latex à l'aide de copolymères à blocs : application à la préparation de plastisols". Mulhouse, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MULH0462.
Texto completoDali-Braham, Madjid. "Renforcement des sols par des nappes d'éléments souples et discontinus : étude du procédé Plasterre". Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10100.
Texto completoMendoza, Rennan. "Morphologies induites dans les pièces en polyolefine moulées par injection". Paris, ENSAM, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENAM0006.
Texto completoThis work gave for objective to finely characterize the morphologies which could be found through the thickness of injection moulded plates of polypropylene and linear polyethylene, and to determine the influence of some processing parameters on these morphologies. The orientation functions of the different crystallographic axes were determined by infrared dichroism and waxs pole figures obtained with rotating anode generated beam and synchrotron beam. The lamellar distribution and dimensions were determined by saxs. Finally, the crystalline structures size was characterized by polarized light optical microscopy. The whole of the results was used to generate morphological models through the thickness of the injection moulded plates. Complex morphological structures, induced by deformation, were found: shish-kebabs with epitaxial grow of daughter lamellae for pp and with twisted to right lamellae for hdpe. More generally, the orientation of the amorphous phase is low and the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of polyolefins is controlled by the high orientation of the crystalline phase. The plate thickness and the polymer molecular weight have a strong influence on the molecular orientation and on the obtained crystalline morphologies, whereas the injection speed determines the thickness of the various morphological layers through the thickness, without appreciably modifying neither the molecular orientation levels, nor the lamellar dimensions
Sobotka, Vincent. "Optimisation thermique du procédé Resin Transfer Molding". Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2094.
Texto completoStructural composite materials manufactured with continuous reinforcement (either woven or long fibers) are more and more used, notably in the car industries, aeronautical, nautical and sports domains. The Resin Transfer Molding process is a process of composite part manufacture adapted to average production corresponding more and more to those met in car industries. Besides, this process complies with the environmental requirements of solvent release, molding being achieved in closed mold. This work achieved within the framework of the Programs of Research and Innovation in Ground Transport (PREDIT) of the Ministry of National Education associated several academic and industrial partners. It concerned the thermal characterization of composite materials made of unsaturated polyester and glass reinforcements, as well as their transformation. Experimental analyses were carried out by in-situ measures as well as the modelling of the heat transfer in the process. Some new models have been developed and have been validated. A first illustration of a methodology of thermal optimization of the process has been shown
Jacques, Christophe. "Étude de la valorisation des déchets d'origine keratinique par voie thermo-mécano-chimique en vue de l'obtention de filaments continus : cas spécifique de la laine". Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://ethesis.inp-toulouse.fr/archive/00000021/.
Texto completoNowadays, wastes of keratinous sources, which are present in numerous areas, do not have any way of valorization. By another way, today's economical situation of the Textile in industrialised countries, and moreover in France, incite to the technological development for competitive improvement. From these points, it has been considered to study a way of valorization of keratinous wastes by thermo-mechano-chemical transformation to obtain artificial textile filaments. This first study uses as keratinous reference material wool sheep. After a theoretical study of the different points of the subject, we have approached this study by three different axes. The study of the thermo-mechanical transformation of wool shows that it could be plastified by twin-screw extrusion or by thermo-forming. An opening to the use of the molding techniques of usual polymers to obtain wool molded articles was then proposed. Tranposition tests of the Lyocell process to wool are then tried. The purpose is to solubilize wool in N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) to obtain spinable and regenerable solution. The solubilization of wool by NMMO in classical reactor, is obtained only if the solvent decomposes which engender the degradation of wool. By extrusion, any solubilization occur. The chemical transformation of wool, by reduction (with thioglycollic acid) or oxidation (with peracetic acid) of the disulfide bonds leads to thermo-formable granules. In the case of the reduction, the process is hardly controllable, but with oxidation it is possible to treat larger quantities of material. Spinning of regenerated oxidized wool with plasticizers has been undertaken by twin-screw extrusion. Continuous filaments could have been realized and characterized.
Pérot, Estelle. "Optimisation et modélisation du procédé de rotomoulage". Lyon, INSA, 2006. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2006ISAL0060/these.pdf.
Texto completoRotational Molding is the best method for producing large hollow plastic articles without weld lines. But it is a quite complex and empirical process. Constant quality in technical parts requires the mastery of the process by controlling on line the main physical phenomena. One of these of first importance is heat transfers. During the processing time, polymer powder melts, then the phenomena of particle coalescence and melt densification occur. After cooling, the molded part is obtained. The understanding of sintering phenomenon, linked to polymer structure, may explain surface defects and bubbles in rotationally molded parts. That’s why this project has been carried out. It is divided into two parts: the first part deals with the relationship between the material structure, the process and the final properties; the second part deals with the modelling of heat transfers during the process. Firstly, material properties such as polymer structure, rheological parameters and surface tension were studied and linked to sintering kinetics. Secondly, samples were molded with a pilot-scale rotational molding machine. This work enabled us to model the sintering phenomenon and to bind its kinetics with polymer structure, rheological properties and final parts properties. An experimental analysis of heat transfer in rotational molding process was also lead by using an instrumented mold associated with an original radio transmission data acquisition system. Moreover, a thermal model was developped by using a static heated plate in order to validate the numerical results. This modelling took into account the sintering phenomenon
Didon, Nicolas. "Dynamique du développement des charges d'espace dans les isolants synthétiques sous champ électrique et gradient de température". Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20223.
Texto completoLavernhe-Gerbier, Alexandrine. "Modèles moléculaires appliqués aux instabilités d'écoulement de polymères fondus". Pau, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PAUU3023.
Texto completoThe extrusion process of polymers is often limited in flow by instabilities. Indeed, at small flow rate, the extrudate is smooth, then when increase the flow rate, we find successively the sharkskin defect, the spurt and the gross melt fracture. The goal of this thesis, is to understand the molecular origin of the sharkskin and the spurt for, in fine, increasing the rate of production by modifying the molecular weight distribution or the tacticity of linear polymers. After a bibliographical study, which makes a state of the knowledge on the the sharkskin and the spurt, we have studied the linear and non-linear viscoelasticity properties of linear polymer of various chemical species. We have modelled the rheological results, in small and large deformations with the Doi͏̈-Edwards model. The validation of this model in the simple flows, enabled us to apply it in the case of the flow of a polymer in a flat die in order to predict the velocity profile and to show a link between the sharkskin defect and the velocity profile. To explain the origin and the mechanism of this defect, we were interested in the theory of Griffith and the model of the trumpet of de Gennes. This enabled us to find a solution to shift the sharkskin defect. To explain the spurt, we proposed a model of slip based on concepts developed by de Gennes and Brochard. According to our approach, the mechanism of slip would be due to a thermodynamic phenomenon between the molecules of surface "the pseudo brush" and those of volume