Artículos de revistas: "Rural land use in Nigeria"

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O. Onilude, Olalekan y Eric Vaz. "Data Analysis of Land Use Change and Urban and Rural Impacts in Lagos State, Nigeria". Data 5, n.º 3 (11 de agosto de 2020): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data5030072.

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This study examines land use change and impacts on urban and rural activity in Lagos State, Nigeria. To achieve this, multi-temporal land use and land cover (LULC) datasets derived from the GlobeLand30 product of years 2000 and 2010 for urban and rural areas of Lagos State were imported into ArcMap 10.6 and converted to raster files (raster thematic maps) for spatial analysis in the FRAGSTATS situated in the Patch Analyst. Thus, different landscape metrics were computed to generate statistical results. The results have shown that fragmentation of cultivated lands increased in the rural areas but decreased in the urban areas. Also, the findings display that land-use change resulted in incremental fragmentation of forest in the urban areas, and reduction in the rural areas. The fragmentation measure of diversity increased in the urban areas, while it decreased in the rural areas during the period of study. These results suggest that cultivated land fragmentation is a complex process connected with socio-economic trends at regional and local levels. In addition, this study has shown that landscape metrics can be used to understand the spatial pattern of LULC change in an urban-rural context. Finally, the outcomes of this study will help the policymakers at the three levels of governments in Nigeria to make crucial informed decisions about sustainable land use.

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Adepoju, Abimbola O., Scholastica Ewolor y Oluwakemi A. Obayelu. "Welfare Implications of Domestic Land Grabs Among Rural Households in Delta State, Nigeria". Rural Sustainability Research 39, n.º 334 (1 de agosto de 2018): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/plua-2018-0003.

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Abstract Rural households are displaced from their lands without any plan in place to resettle or compensate them, for a promise of improvement in their living standards. This has not only resulted in a decline in the living standard of the rural populace, in terms of loss of land and livelihoods, the poor are also further marginalized and impoverished. This study examines the welfare implication of domestic land grabs among rural households in Delta State, Nigeria, employing primary data obtained from one hundred and seventy-three representative farming households. Descriptive analysis revealed that majority were low-income earners and engaged in farming as their major occupation. Econometric analysis revealed land size, secondary education, community leaders’ influence, compensation and the use to which the grabbed land was put into as some of the significant factors influencing domestic land grabs in the study area. Further, the size of land grabbed, no compensation for the use of land and low farm output were found to have negative effects on the welfare of the farmers. Thus, the need to intensify efforts to ensure that the rural populace is not being unreasonably dispossessed of its lands, becomes imperative. The need for commensurate compensation of rural households whose lands were grabbed and periodical checks on community leaders who positively influence domestic land acquisitions arbitrarily also becomes pertinent for improvement in the welfare of the farmers. This is especially so, if these small-scale farmers are to be significant drivers of global food security.

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Iwuji, M. C., J. C. Okpara, K. O. E. Ukaegbu, K. M, Iwuji, C. N. Uyo, S. V. Onuegbu y C. A. Acholonu. "Impact of Deforestation on Rural Livelihood in Mbieri, Imo State Nigeria". International Journal of Geography and Regional Planning Research 7, n.º 2 (15 de febrero de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijgrpr.15/vol7n2113.

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Globally the rate of deforestation and forest degradation is around 13million hectares, occurring mostly in developing countries. This study aimed at assessing the impact of deforestation on livelihood sources in Mbieri a rural community in Imo State, Southeast Nigeria. Multi-Temporal Satellite Images were analyzed for changes in land use and land cover in the area, while random sampling method was used to administer the questionnaire, and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) method was used to elicit information on drivers of deforestation, income levels and perceived effects of deforestation in the study area. Six land use/cover types were identified namely; farmland, bare soil, built-up surface, water bodies, secondary forest and primary forest. GPS coordinates of the sampled deforested areas were also recorded and used to overlay on the Satellite processed data on land use and land cover. Data were further obtained from the satellite imageries of Landsat 4, thematic mapper (TM) and Landsat 7 and 8 ETM+ covering the year 1986, 2000, and 2016 respectively. Results from satellite image analysis revealed that land use changes have negatively impacted deforestation leading to loss of primary forest and reduction in secondary forest. Built-up areas and farmland increased from 13.92% and 11.47% in 1986 to 32.86% and 21.97% in 2016 respectively. While the primary forest reduced from 35.94% in 1986 to 10.78% in 2016. Population increase and agricultural expansion were identified as the major drivers of deforestation in Mbieri. Impacts of deforestation on the people include loss of valuable species of flora and fauna, decreased earnings from the sale of forest resources and loss of farmland to erosion of exposed surfaces. It is recommended that forest plantations be increased by using vacant and unused lands which will have net positive benefits also, deliberate reforestation should be embarked on to avoid environmental degradation and possible increase in ambient temperature.

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Adetoye, Ayoade Matthew, Samuel Ayodele Adewuyi y Dare Akerele. "Determinants of forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria". Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 51, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2018-0009.

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Abstract The study examined factors determining forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria. Primary data on socio-economic and community characteristics as well as land use systems were obtained from 300 farm households using a structured questionnaire through a multistage sampling technique. The study revealed that marital status (P < 0.01), gender (P < 0.01), land tenure security (P < 0.01), dominant crop type (P < 0.05), and preference for tree on farm land (P < 0.01) are factors influencing forest land use decision in either agroforestry, pure cultivation or in both practices. Land use choice proportion estimation shows that 63 % are still willing to retain their existing land use practice (pure cultivation). A total of 32 % are willing to shift completely from their existing land use practice while 4 % of the respondents are willing to practice both “agroforestry and pure cultivation” simultaneously. The study therefore suggests the need for a change in forest land use policy, particularly, with a view influence the pattern of use, limitation on type of crop that can be grown, and compliance to sustainable land use practice. This would go a long way in driving forest land use towards agroforestry – a practice identified as a means of ensuring food security while ensuring safe environment.

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Adetoye, Ayoade Matthew, Samuel Ayodele Adewuyi y Dare Akerele. "Determinants of forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria". Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 51, n.º 2 (1 de junio de 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ats-2018-0009.

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Abstract The study examined factors determining forest land use decisions among rural farm households in south-western Nigeria. Primary data on socio-economic and community characteristics as well as land use systems were obtained from 300 farm households using a structured questionnaire through a multistage sampling technique. The study revealed that marital status (P < 0.01), gender (P < 0.01), land tenure security (P < 0.01), dominant crop type (P < 0.05), and preference for tree on farm land (P < 0.01) are factors influencing forest land use decision in either agroforestry, pure cultivation or in both practices. Land use choice proportion estimation shows that 63 % are still willing to retain their existing land use practice (pure cultivation). A total of 32 % are willing to shift completely from their existing land use practice while 4 % of the respondents are willing to practice both “agroforestry and pure cultivation” simultaneously. The study therefore suggests the need for a change in forest land use policy, particularly, with a view influence the pattern of use, limitation on type of crop that can be grown, and compliance to sustainable land use practice. This would go a long way in driving forest land use towards agroforestry – a practice identified as a means of ensuring food security while ensuring safe environment.

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Babalola, Kehinde Hassan y Simon Antony Hull. "Examining the Land Use Act of 1978 and Its Effects on Tenure Security in Nigeria: A Case Study of Ekiti State, Nigeria". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (25 de noviembre de 2019): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a5803.

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The Land Use Act of 1978 (LUA) has failed to achieve some of its objectives. The rural poor and the vulnerable are those most affected. The failure is ascribed to problems inherent in the Act and poor implementation. This paper discusses the effect of the LUA on the customary ownership of land and its effect on the tenure security of the rural poor. Using a conceptual framework for guiding cadastral systems development, the critical areas of the LUA as pertains to tenure security are analysed for the degree of their success, sustainability, and significance. The framework looks at the underlying theory, the drivers of change, the change process, and the land administration system. A mixed methodology approach was adopted for the study, using a single case study. Three groups of respondents contributed to the study: land professionals, civil servants and students. The study found that securing title to land is difficult, compensation provisions need to be reviewed, formal land registration is not in the interest of the poor, land is not available at an affordable rate, land speculators are still active in Nigerian land markets, the composition of the two committees is inadequate, and the refusal to grant certificates to people below the age of 21 is age biased. It further revealed that the power granted to the governor is enormous and unnecessary. The findings showed that the LUA is both effective in some areas and dysfunctional in others. This is because of the age of the Act and the lack of a pro-poor policy focus. Based on these findings recommendations were made, including that a new policy be enacted that includes pro-poor policies and customary laws. The LUA is found to be useful in urban areas, but not in solving land-related problems in rural areas. This study provides an understanding of the legal holding of land in Nigeria.

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Saleh, Abba, Mohammad Rafee Majid y Zainab Toyin Jagun. "LAND FRAGMENTATION AND RURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN BADE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, YOBE STATE, NIGERIA". Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management 7, n.º 27 (8 de marzo de 2022): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/jthem.727018.

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Land is one of the major factors in agricultural and other production activities which its accessibility and utilisation affect the outcome, especially in rural areas. This paper analyses land fragmentation and Rural Sustainability in Bade LGA, Yobe State, Nigeria. Identify rural social sustainability factors in the study area and examine the relationship between land fragmentation and rural sustainability to recommend the best possible land-based rural sustainability practice. The survey method was administered to a random sample of household heads in the study area. Simpson Index, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), and Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyse the data. Thus, the results revealed the extent of land fragmentation in the study areas (β=-0.076, t=1.074; p > 0.05). The results of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) showed that all the 18 causes of the extent of land fragmentation have factor loadings ranges from 0.760- 0.978. Hence, these analysis factors are considered the key causes of land fragmentation in the study area. PLS-SEM findings highlighted a significant alignment between land fragmentation, causes, and rural sustainability, all of which formed the basis for developing the conceptual framework for mitigating land fragmentation challenges. The conceptual framework provides effective land management and land use planning, thus enhance rural sustainability in the Yobe state, Nigeria. The study recommends review land inheritance laws and other laws regarding communal land allocation and ownership to resolve land fragmentation and population control in Yobe state.

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Balogun, I. I., I. S. Akoteyon y O. Adeaga. "Evaluating Land Use Effects on Groundwater Quality in Lagos-Nigeria Using Water Quality Index". Journal of Scientific Research 4, n.º 2 (23 de abril de 2012): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7142.

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The study relates groundwater quality to land use types in Lagos State. Fourteen samples were collected from hand dug wells and boreholes, seven each from rural and urban land uses in the study area. Ten parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chloride, nitrate and sulfate) were determined using standard methods. The resulting water quality indices revealed that 58.09% of the samples were rated very poor while 21.73%, 9.08% and 11.1% were rated poor, good and excellent, respectively in rural land use. The analysis of samples drawn from urban land use revealed that 76.55% of the water was unfit for drinking while 14.4%, 6.42% and 2.63% were found to be very poor, good and excellent, respectively. pH, total dissolved solids, chloride, total hardness and nitrate were beyond the permissible limits for urban land use while, pH, total hardness and nitrate were above permissible limits for rural land use. These parameters were found to be responsible for the poor water quality rating in the study areas. The paper recommends a comprehensive effective sewerage system for safe disposal of sewage, efficient waste water handling and control of urban runoff to prevent groundwater quality deterioration in the study areas.Keywords: Evaluation; Groundwater; Quality; Land use; Water quality index; Lagos-Nigeria.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i2.7142 J. Sci. Res. 4 (2), 397-409 (2012)

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Ihemezie, Eberechukwu Johnpaul y Martin Dallimer. "Stakeholders’ Perceptions on Agricultural Land-Use Change, and Associated Factors, in Nigeria". Environments 8, n.º 11 (27 de octubre de 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8110113.

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Agricultural Land-Use Change (ALUC) is a major driver of global environmental change, not least via its direct impact on the sustainability and resilience of the rural economy. Its drivers are complex and have remained contentious, necessitating further empirical study. This study aims to derive context-specific evidence on the driving factors and effects of ALUC from different stakeholders’ perceptions. We carried out household surveys and participatory rural appraisal across Benue State, Nigeria. ALUC has economic, social, ecological, and institutional implications for farmers and on agricultural productivity. Farmers perceived that the main factors driving ALUC were land conflict, government land-use policies and infrastructural development. Stakeholders’ perceptions revealed that although the factors driving ALUC are diverse in nature, they are somewhat embedded within the broader issue of land-use conflict, which has led to cropland abandonment, clearing of forest vegetation, soil degradation, changes from large scale to subsistence farming, and farmers’ eventual loss of interest in agriculture. This suggest that the drivers and implications of ALUC go beyond simple changes to the extent of land used for agriculture, but also incorporates other regional socio-ecological changes. Our study highlights the importance of stakeholders’ perceptions in understanding complex socio-ecological issues if we are to provide clear direction into areas where policy interventions are most needed.

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Umeh, J. Chinedu, O. Amali y E. U. Umeh. "Impact of urinary schistosomiasis on rural land use: empirical evidence from Nigeria". Social Science & Medicine 52, n.º 2 (enero de 2001): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00134-9.

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Madu, Ignatius Ani. "Spatial Impacts of Rural Population Pressure on Agricultural Land Use in Nigeria". Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy 5, n.º 2 (17 de marzo de 2011): 123–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12061-011-9064-x.

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Swindell, K. y A. B. Mamman. "Land expropriation and accumulation in the Sokoto periphery, Northwest Nigeria 1976–86". Africa 60, n.º 2 (abril de 1990): 173–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1160331.

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Opening ParagraphIn 1976, Sokoto became the capital of the newly created Sokoto State, one of nineteen comprising Federal Nigeria. This caliphal city and former colonial provincial town subsequently experienced an exponential growth of population from some 80,000 to around 200,000 by 1980. The city expanded physically into the surrounding countryside and new buildings and infrastructures absorbed large areas of farmland, and encircled several villages. This urban advance into the countryside was exacerbated by the fact that it took place within a densely populated area of annual upland cultivation, dissected by tracts of dry-season irrigated floodland. Not surprisingly, access and rights to farmland have become highly charged and sensitive issues. The peripheries and hinterlands of many Nigerian towns have become arenas of conflict and change, where state expropriation and private accumulation have dispossessed and impoverished rural people. The state has taken over land for institutional use or agricultural development projects, while urban and rural capital have accumulated land for speculative building on the edges of cities and for farming within the surrounding countryside. The increased numbers of landless and, more important, the land-poor constitute new kinds and degrees of rural poverty.

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Apata, Temidayo, Kayode Ogunleye, Olusola Agboola y Tope Ojo. "Heterogeneity of Agricultural Land Use Systems and Poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa: Relationship and Evidence from Rural Nigeria". Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics 13, n.º 2 (30 de junio de 2021): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7160/aol.2021.130201.

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Several factors influencing rural-poverty in sub-Saharan-Africa, for all the factors, agricultural-land access/management and “culture of poverty” are quite dominant in literature. This study examines socio-cultural/economic factors influencing poverty and establishes linkages of heterogeneity of land-use systems. Farm-level cost–route surveys of cross-sectional national-data of 800 respondents were used for analysis. Data were analyzed by descriptive-statistics, trans-logarithmic model, and poverty-measures. Descriptive statistics depict land-ownership structure, farmer’s socio-cultural practices, and exploits of government intervention programs influenced agricultural-poverty. Trans-logarithmic coefficients results of short-run sustainability-index (SRSI), land-policy intervention variables and household-sizes are dominance factors. Also, SRSI indicated 0.69, suggesting that 69% of the farmers made unsustainable use of agricultural-land. Moreover, 92% of extremely poor respondents with large household-sizes (61.2%) seek their agricultural-land ownership by rentage, while those with land-titled documents constitute 78.6% of the non-poor. Public-policy interventions must take into account formalization of land-property rights in order to facilitate its transferability and boosting investment.

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Osemeobo, G. J. "Smallholder farmers and forestry development: A study of rural land use in Bendel, Nigeria". Agricultural Systems 24, n.º 1 (enero de 1987): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0308-521x(87)90107-7.

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Adetoye, Ayoade Matthew. "Forestland-dependent households: a primary agent of deforestation in Nigeria?" Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 52, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2019-0003.

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Abstract Despite global concerns on environment particularly, issues on deforestation, there is a lack of quantitative information on deforestation drivers. The study investigates the role of farm households in deforestation process in Nigeria. Household survey data were obtained from 300 farm households with the aid of personally administered questionnaire through a multistage sampling technique. The data were used to answer a question on how farmers contribute to deforestation process in Nigeria. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. The results show that 64 % of the farmers gain access to cultivate already opened forestland through uncoordinated harvesting of forest trees while others still maintain sustainable forest land use practice – agroforestry. Sex (P < 0.05; β = 2.34), land security (P < 0.01; β = 2.94), personal preference for tree on farm land (P < 0.05; β = −2.45), and non-farm income (P < 0.05; β = 2.50) are factors influencing land use pattern among farm households. The study revealed that most farmers cultivate open forestland, but their continuous cultivation further enhanced forestland use change. The study concludes that rural farm households though one of the agents of forestland use change were found as opportunist and not mostly the primary agent initiating forestland use change in Nigeria. The study negates the conception of several past studies.

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Osemeobo, Gbadebo Jonathan. "Effects of Land-use and Collection on the Decline of African Giant Snails in Nigeria". Environmental Conservation 19, n.º 2 (1992): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030630.

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The African Giant Snail is a dependable source of animal protein for a large proportion of Nigerians. However, in the past few decades, the supply of this Snail and two others of different genera but similar use, has declined. The causes, examined in this paper, which affect its collection and decline in forest reserves are due to a combination of socio-economic and cultural factors: a cultural orientation of the rural dwellers towards the collection and utilization of snails for food, cash, traditional medicine, and sacrifice; indiscriminate destruction of snail habitats due to ignorance or neglect of the resource; and lack of incentives and inadequate data for snail management.Snail collection is a legitimate occupation of rural dwellers. However, because forestry laws in Nigeria regard snails as minor forest products, no legislative, conservational, or management, controls can be effected — hence their collection will continue in future because of their value to Mankind. As the African Giant Snail is fast approaching local endangered status, the fear exists that, unless effective conservation measures are taken urgently, the survival of this biotic resource would appear to be in jeopardy. It is suggested that: (a) representative forests in each ecological zone should be preserved for wildlife conservation; (b) smallholder snail-farming should be encouraged among rural and urban dwellers to de-emphasize its collection from the optimal wild source; and (c) research should be conducted on the ecology and biology of the major snail species to develop a database from which their management within the reserves can be effected.

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Essien, Etido y Samimi Cyrus. "Detection of Urban Development in Uyo (Nigeria) Using Remote Sensing". Land 8, n.º 6 (25 de junio de 2019): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8060102.

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Uyo is one of the fastest-growing cities in Nigeria. In recent years, there has been a widespread change in land use, yet to date, there is no thorough mapping of vegetation change across the area. This study focuses on land use change, urban development, and the driving forces behind natural vegetation loss in Uyo. Based on time series Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM)/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+)/Operational Land Imager (OLI) image data, the relationships between urban land development and its influencing factors from 1985 to 2018 were analyzed using remote sensing (RS) and time series data. The results show eight land use cover classes. Three of these (forest, swamp vegetation, and mixed vegetation) are related to natural vegetation, and three (sparse built-up, dense built-up, and borrow pit) are direct consequences of urban infrastructure development changes to the landscape. Swamp vegetation, mixed vegetation, and forest are the most affected land use classes. Thus, the rapid growth of infrastructure and industrial centers and the rural and urban mobility of labor have resulted in an increased growth of built-up land. Additionally, the growth pattern of built-up land in Uyo corresponds with socioeconomic interviews conducted in the area. Land use changes in Uyo could be attributed to changes in economic structure, urbanization through infrastructure development, and population growth. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) analysis shows a trend of decreasing vegetation in Uyo, which suggests that changes in economic structure represent a key driver of vegetation loss. Furthermore, the implementation of scientific and national policies by government agencies directed at reducing the effects of urbanization growth should be strengthened, in order to calm the disagreement between urban developers and environmental managers and promote sustainable land use.

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Babalola, Kehinde Hassan y Simon Antony Hull. "Using the New Continuum of Land Rights Model to measure tenure security: A case study of Itaji-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria". South African Journal of Geomatics 8, n.º 1 (11 de septiembre de 2022): 84–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajg.v8i1.6.

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Tenure security in developed countries is generally explicit while in developing countries it is generally implicit. To reduce poverty, empower the poor, and ensure economic growth, security of tenure is essential. The rural poor and vulnerable groups in Nigeria have tenure insecurity, yet the extent of this insecurity is unknown in many rural communities. This study used the New Continuum of Land Rights Model (NCLRM) developed by Whittal (2014) to measure the tenure security of the rural poor in Itaji-Ekiti. A single case study approach using qualitative method was adopted for the research design. Four land right types emerged from the study: informal occupation, formal occupation, customary, and registered leasehold. These land rights are interpreted using the triple vertical axes of legitimacy, legality and certainty. Despite strong legitimacy and legality, the results show that tenure insecurity exists in Itaji-Ekiti due to weak certainty. Bad land governance is the cause of this. The use of NCLRM in Itaji-Ekiti provides an understanding of the tenure situation. This model has the potential for use in the development of pro-poor land policy that could be used as an example in other developing countries.

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Verstraelen, Frans J. "Land, Development and Ecology". Mission Studies 13, n.º 1 (1996): 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338396x00104.

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AbstractFor all peoples, land is an invaluable asset, a pre-condition for life, growth, and development. There are, however, different assessments of land in various parts of the world. In the North with its Enlightenment inheritance, scientific approach and technological development, land is viewed rather rationally, while in the South land is understood also rela- tionally, intuitively and mystically, in contrast to a purely rational view and use. "Reason seeks to analyse, to define and so, in a sense to master. The intuitive view has a strong component of belonging" (Tuwere 1994:10). Since in both the Pacific and Africa land has a mystical, spiritual background, it seems that Christians and Christian churches elsewhere can greatly benefit from their experiences and insights for deepening an understanding of and approach to land, development and ecological issues. This paper presents viewpoints expressed mainly by Pacific and Africans theologians. There are, of course, other perspectives as instanced by Cecilia Asogwa, a popular educator in Nigeria who, in her reflection on the integrity of creation, inserts experiences and initiatives of rural women in Ebenebe, Nigeria, who through involvement in an economic self-help group obtained personal and community empowerment experienced as part of the healing of creation (see Asogwa 1992).

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Ike, F., I. C. Mbah, C. R. Otah, J. Babington y L. Chikwendu. "Effect of Land Use Changes on the Urban Surface Temperature in Umuahia Town, Southeast, Nigeria". Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 5, n.º 2 (octubre de 2021): 433–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2021.02.0291.

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The land surfaces of hot-humid tropical urban areas are exposed to significant levels of solar radiation. Increased heat gain adds to different land surface temperature profiles in cities, resulting in different thermal discomfort thresholds. Using multi-temporal (1986, 2001, and 2017) landsat data, this study examined the impact of land use change on urban temperature profiles in Umuahia, Nigeria. The findings revealed that over time, built-up regions grow in surface area and temperature at the expense of other land use. The transfer matrix, showed that approximately 59.88 percent of vegetation and 8.23 percent of bareland were respectively changed into built up during the course of 31 years. The highest annual mean temperature in built-up regions was 21.50°C in 1986, 22.20°C in 2001, and 26.01°C in 2017. Transect profiles across the landuses reveals that surface Temperature rises slowly around water/vegetation and quickly over built-up and bare land area. The study observed drastic changes in land cover with a corresponding increase in surface temperature for the period between 1986 and 2017 with consistent decrease in water bodies and bare land in the study area. Overall, the spatio-temporal distribution of surface temperature in densely built up areas was higher than the adjacent rural surroundings, which is evidence of Urban Heat Island. The impact of landuse change on urban surface temperature profiles could provide detailed data to planners and decision makers in evaluating thermal comfort levels and other risk considerations in the study area.

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Aduku, Ebikabowei, Ifeoma Eboh y Chibuzo Egbuchulam. "Urbanization and Sustainable Cities in Nigeria". International Journal of Economics Development Research (IJEDR) 2, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2021): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37385/ijedr.v2i1.222.

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Rapid urbanization is on the increase especially in the developing countries and, the need for shaping sustainable cities continues to draw widespread recognition and has remained a major concern. Thus, urbanization and sustainable cities in Nigeria is examined using descriptive technique and came up with several lessons. Arable land is declining following fast increasing urban population growth. Arable land may not be capable of sustaining to meet the needs of the future generation, as the urban population continues to increase except appropriate policies are put in place to control it. Nitrous oxide emissions also rise at a faster rate, rising above the urban population growth. Such a trend means jeopardizing sustainable cities. Renewable energy consumption is falling while CO2 emissions are rising, which undermines sustainable city. Urbanization is fast increasing and cities are formed but the cities are not sustainable. We recommend infrastructural development in Peri-urban areas and rural areas. This will facilitate the urbanization process and city borders can be expanded and spread out to absorb neighbouring cities. In this way, urban population agglomerations will reduce and more arable land will be available. Also, the efficient use of renewable energy systems is recommended.

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Abraham, Falola, Fakayode Segun Bamidele, Akangbe Jones Adebola y Ibrahim Hussein Kobe. "Climate Change Mitigation Activities and Determinants in the Rural Guinea Savannah of Nigeria". Sustainable Agriculture Research 1, n.º 2 (18 de julio de 2012): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v1n2p170.

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Nigeria loses about $750 million annually to the depletion of its 350 000 hectares of land by direct human activities and climate change. Consequently, the Sahara Desert has been moving southwards by 600 metres annually. 10 000 farming families have already been forced to move off the degraded land that has become barren. In the light of this, this study examined climate mitigation activities and determinants in Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined climate change knowledge/perception, cost implications and mitigation practices of rural households as well as factors responsible for the level of mitigation activities. 120 household respondents were selected across 8 communities in the Guinea Savannah of Kwara State, Nigeria. Study analytical tools used were descriptive statistics, principal component and Tobit analysis. Results showed that households perceived the effects of increased temperatures, reduced rainfall, desertification, flooding and increased crop pest and disease infestations. Crop harvest losses due to changing climate were large and worrisome. Principal component analysis PCA results implied that prevalent practices undertaken to combat climate change were crude and non-radical. These activities were inorganic and organic fertilizers use, mulching, bush fallow and crude agro-forestry practices. Factors determining the extent of mitigation activities were found to include educational status, type of farming activities and farm size. The study therefore calls for radical efforts at educating the rural masses on climate change devastations and the need for mitigating climate change, use of early maturing crop varieties. Green zone/forest should be developed while tree planting and afforestation should be encouraged and possibly enforced.

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Adenle, Ademola A. y Chinwe Ifejika Speranza. "Social-Ecological Archetypes of Land Degradation in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah: Insights for Sustainable Land Management". Remote Sensing 13, n.º 1 (23 de diciembre de 2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010032.

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The Nigerian Guinea Savannah is the most extensive ecoregion in Nigeria, a major food production area, and contains many biodiversity protection areas. However, there is limited understanding of the social-ecological features of its degraded lands and potential insights for sustainable land management and governance. To fill this gap, the self-organizing map method was applied to identify the archetypes of both proximal and underlying drivers of land degradation in this region. Using 12 freely available spatial datasets of drivers of land degradation—4 environmental; 3 socio-economic; and 5 land-use management practices, the identified archetypes were intersected with the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived land-degradation status of the region, and the state administrative boundaries. Nine archetypes were identified. Archetypes are dominated by: (1) protected areas; (2) very high-density population; (3) moderately high information/knowledge access; (4) low literacy levels and moderate–high poverty levels; (5) rural remoteness; (6) remoteness from a major road; (7) very high livestock density; (8) moderate poverty level and nearly level terrain; and (9) very rugged terrain and remote from a major road. Four archetypes characterized by very high-density population, moderate–high information/knowledge access, and moderate–high poverty level, as well as remoteness from a major town, were associated with 61.3% large-area degradation; and the other five archetypes, covering 38.7% of the area, were responsible for small-area degradation. While different combinations of archetypes exist in all the states, the five states of Niger (40.5%), Oyo (29.6%), Kwara (24.4%), Nassarawa (18.6%), and Ekiti (17.6%), have the largest shares of the archetypes. To deal with these archetypical features, policies and practices that address increasing population in combination with poverty reduction; and that create awareness about land degradation and promote sustainable practices and various forms of land restoration, such as tree planting, are necessary for progressing towards land-degradation neutrality in the Nigerian Guinea Savannah.

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24

Zhang, Wei, Edward Kato, Prapti Bhandary, Ephraim Nkonya, Hassan Ishaq Ibrahim, Mure Agbonlahor, Hussaini Yusuf Ibrahim y Cindy Cox. "Awareness and perceptions of ecosystem services in relation to land use types: Evidence from rural communities in Nigeria". Ecosystem Services 22 (diciembre de 2016): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoser.2016.10.011.

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25

Oyinloye, Michael Ajide y Julius Olubumi Fasakin. "MODELLING URBAN GROWTH FROM MEDIUM RESOLUTION LANDSAT IMAGERIES OF AKURE, NIGERIA". International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 2, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2014): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol2.iss6.193.

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The city of Akure has experienced rapid growth in the past 2 to 3 decades which has led to the expansion of the core urban areas of the city into adjoining rural lands. The paper analyses the urban growth of Akure using medium resolution Landsat imageries. Landsat (MSS), Landsat Thematic Mapping(TM) and Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) images for 1972, 1986 and 2002 respectively were used in a post-classification comparison analysis to map the spatial dynamic of land cover changes and identify the urbanization process in Akure. The land cover statistical results revealed a rapid growth in the built-up area of Akure from 997.2 hectares in 1972 to about 3852.70 hectares in 2002 due to increase in population of Akure within this period. Results of the prediction showed that the built-up area of the city has increased in size from 977.2 hectares in 1972 to 5863.66 hectares in 2022 corresponding to 500% at the rate of 13.1% per annum. Implications of growth include loss of open space, pressure on limited infrastructure, overcrowding, traffic congestion and poor standard of living. The study recommends regular monitoring of urban area, development of small towns around the city area to avoid overcrowding, training of planners and administrators to acquire more knowledge in the use of GIS and remote sensing to enhance efficiency.

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26

Christopher Ndubuisi Ngwu,, Victoria Nnedinso Ike,, Ngozi Udechukwu, y Ikpeama Chikazie Ruth,. "Drivers of socioeconomic and cultural factors affecting rural development in nsukka lga, enugu state, nigeria". Global Journal of Social Sciences 21, n.º 2 (31 de agosto de 2022): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjss.v21i2.8.

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Over the years, Nsukka Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu state, Nigeria has been experiencing a slow rate of development. Based on this therefore, this work was designed to investigate the drivers of socio-economic and cultural factors militating against rural development in Nsukka Local Government Area. A purposeful sampling was used to select one hundred (100) respondents in each of the five rural Villages, making it a total of 500 respondents. Questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Data was represented using simple percentages, charts, and Chi-square. of the 500 questionnaires shared, 483 were correctly and completely filled and analyzed using SPSS. The findings revealed that traditional belief system, gender segregation, land use system, mismanagement of project funds, poor execution of projects and non-involvement of community members in planning and execution of rural development projects constitute some of the drivers of socio-economic and cultural factors militating against rural development in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu state, Nigeria. The result also showed that there was a statistically significant relationship (P <.033) between respondents’ level of education and participation in rural development. Finally it was recommended that rural people should learn to welcome and harness development despite their cultural belief system and there should be a collaborative effort of the government and the people, more especially the youths in planning and implementation of rural development projects.

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27

Yahaya, Olanrewaju Y. "Assessment of Farm Households’ Vulnerability to Desertification in Rural Dry Lands of Katsina State, Nigeria". Tanzania Journal of Science 47, n.º 3 (14 de agosto de 2021): 1007–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjs.v47i3.12.

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The purpose of this study was to use a Vulnerability Index (VI) to assess farm households' vulnerability to desertification in Northern Katsina's dry land ecosystem. The specific objectives were to identify socio-economic characteristics of farm households; and determine the degree of their vulnerability to desertification. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 633 respondents from 18 rural communities across six Local Government Areas (LGAs). Data from 21 indicators for the three components of vulnerability (exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity) were used to measure the degree of vulnerability and thus, classify households into less, moderate and highly vulnerable. The study found that households in Jibia LGA were less vulnerable, with a VI of 1.228, while Kaita, Mashi, and Mai'adua LGAs were moderately vulnerable with VI of 0.523, 0.756, and 0.685, respectively. Households in Zango and Baure LGAs were found to be highly vulnerable due to poor biophysical conditions, with indices of 1.629 and -1.405, respectively. Furthermore, while 49% of the total households sampled were moderately vulnerable to desertification, 30% were less vulnerable and 21% were found to be highly vulnerable. As a result, the study recommended that the need for vegetative cover regeneration, soil quality rehabilitation, increased irrigation use, and biomass stability that take into account the vagaries of climate be prioritized in order to support, rescue, and increase the resilience of vulnerable households. Keywords: Adaptation; Desertification; Dry lands; Farm Households; Vulnerability Index

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28

Lawal-Adebowale, Okanlade A. "Geospatial and socioeconomic traits encumbering tractorisation of farmland among crop farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria". Journal of Water and Land Development 43, n.º 1 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0067.

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AbstractThe objective of this study was to ascertain the socioeconomic and geospatial traits responsible for little or no usage of tractors for land clearing and cultivation by rural farmers in Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were obtained on the study objectives with use of interview guide, in-depth discussion and field observation a randomly selected 247 arable crop farmers. The obtained data were subjected to frequency count and binominal analysis of variance. Results showed factors such as farmers’ inability to afford tractor acquisition and/or hire tractors services (prop = 1.00, p < 0.05) as the major economic traits encumbering tractor usage for land preparation. The social traits included inadequate available of tractors to serve the farmers (prop = 0.76, p < 0.05), and farmers’ apprehension of possible destruction of soil structure and/or farm land (prop = 0.64, p < 0.05) as a result of tractor usage for land preparation. The geospatial traits were stump/tree distribution (prop = 0.97, p < 0.05) and land fragmentation (prop = 0.92, p < 0.05). It was thus concluded that both socioeconomic and farm geospatial traits interactively encumbered farm tractorisation in the study area. It was recommended that farmers should be supported technically and financially by stakeholders in agro-development so as to enable them to afford tractor usage for land cultivation.

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29

Nwobi, Chidinma J. y Eugene E. Kalu. "Women Access to Land and Legal Security of Tenure in Ohafia Abia State Nigeria". Journal of Physical Science and Environmental Studies 7, n.º 4 (8 de octubre de 2021): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36630/jpses_21008.

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Across the developing world, rural women suffer widespread gender-based discrimination in laws, customs and practices which cause severe inequalities in their ability to access, control, own and use land and limit their participation in decision-making at all levels of land governance. Most literature on land tenure in sub-Saharan Africa has presented women as a homogenous group. This study uses cases from Ohafia to show that women have differentiated problems, needs, and statuses in their quest for land access and tenure security. Ohafia in Abia State, Nigeria was the study area. The study employed both qualitative and quantitative methods including household surveys, semi-structured interviews, key informant interviews and observations. The experience of women revolved around fear of been cheated (19.7%), need a supporting hand (46.8%) and need approval from their husband (33.6%). The consequences of perceived exclusion and/or marginalization of women as revealed by women owner-occupiers are women subordination (70.2%) and marginalization of widow (29.8%). The study recommends the promotion of gender integration at all levels of projects and programmes by integrating gender perspectives in all future activities as it is required, for example, the FAO Gender Plan of Action and the UNCHS. To ensure gender inclusiveness in project and programme planning and in policy and decision-making, aiming towards a balanced representation of men and women in these bodies. Keywords: Land, Land Rights, Land Tenure, Women, Legal Security of Tenure

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30

ADU, L. F., A. M. OMOTAYO, A. B. J. AINA y S. O. IPOSU. "ANIMAL TRACTION TECHNOLOGY IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA POTENTIALS AND CONSTRAINTS". Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 27 (3 de enero de 2021): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v27i.1977.

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This paper presents the finding of a about 80% of adult working population of survey on the potential of Animal the State. Thc 1.5 million hectares of land traction technology in Ogun State of Iraq covers mainly the rain of Nigeria. A total of fifteen settlement forests and the derived Savanna. The (Camps) and sixty households were farnicts, who arc mostly small holders and purposely selected and surveyed arc resource-poor, cultivate on the average using a combination of structured 1.2 hectares with traditional farm interview schedule and participatory implements. Farm production is achicvcd. Rural Appraisal technique. Data were almost entirely with the aid of family analysed using descriptive statistics. labour as costos hired labour is Fulani of Kwara State of Nigeria origin prohibitive and there are labour shortage settled in Ogun State with their cattle particularly for land preparation, weeding for over 25 years and are pursuing and harvesting Government effort at sedentary lifestyle as agro-pastoralists. introducing tractor hiring services was a They operate under a relatively secure failure as thc policy could not be sustained tenurial arrangement that allow them to due to high hiring charges, delays in settle and practise arable crop farming. providing the service and unavailability of They prepare the land for planting tractors. This situation gives a compelling using the ridge system, which favours the need for a locally sustainable cheaper use of animal traction. The very cost labour-saving technology. of hired labour represents a major Omotayo and Idisi (1990) reported that the incentive for adoption of animal U$C of animal traction contributed traction technology. The average cattle immensely to farm output and family herd size is 30. All the respondents were income in Northern Nigeria. They are aware of the use of animal traction. technology was not extended to Southern Although none of the respondents had Nigeria because of the perceived fear of using the technology in Ogun State, they tested . Reports (Adu. 1993: Ogungbe nevertheless believed that the technology and Adu, 1998) on the settlement of Fulan can be used in the State. They all agro-pastoralists with their cattle in the indicated readiness to release their humid zone of Nige cattle for training if the technology is to Also, experiences from other parts of West be introduced. The paper discussed Africa with similar ecological and socio animal traction in rural economy, its cultural setting or environment, confirmed potential and constraints.

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Busari, Issa Zubair, Felix Olayinka Oladipo, Abdulrasaq Kamal Daudu y Olawale Samson Selesi. "Farmers' Perception on the influence of Inter-communal Conflicts on Agricultural Production in Shaare/Tsaragi Communities, Kwara State, Nigeria". Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 25, n.º 2 (20 de septiembre de 2020): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol25iss2pp39-45.

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Rural communities which produce the bulk of agricultural produce in Nigeria have been plagued by several inter communal conflicts. One of such conflicts is Share /Tsaragi inter-communal conflicts. The objective of the study was to assess perceptions of farmers on the influence of inter-communal conflicts on the agricultural production in Share and Tsaragi communities in Edu and Ifelodun Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Kwara State, Nigeria. Methododology. A three-stage random sampling procedure was used to select one hundred and twenty (120) respondents for the study. Data were collected through the use of interview schedule technique. A likert-type five point continuum scale was used to rank farmers perceptions with five (5) as the most and one (1) as the worst check. Results The results showed that 68% of the respondents were above forty (40) years of age and 70% have resided in the communities for more than ten (10) years. Respondents perceived that conflict of resource which bordered on boundary issue, claim of ownership of fertile land at Fejewe area, conversion of leased land to personal property among others are causes of the conflicts within the two communities. The results equally revealed the perceptions of respondents on the effects of conflicts in the area to include scarcity of arable land, displacement of farmers, destruction of lands and crops, scarcity of food and destruction of stored produce among others. The study showed relationship between selected socio-economic characteristics and perception. Conclusion. The study concludes that there should be clear delineation of the boundary within the two communities, lift of ban on some arable lands seized by the government and promotion of other secondary occupation to relieve pressure on the land.

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32

Chibundu, S. N., E. N. Matthews-Njoku, E. N. Okereke-Ejiogu, P. C. Umunakwe, J. O. Enugwu y I. O. Oshaji. "Strategies for coping with the effects of agricultural land conflict among crop farmers in Imo State, Nigeria". Net Journal of Agricultural Science 10, n.º 1 (2022): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30918/njas.101.22.007.

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The study examined strategies used by crop farmers in coping with the effects of agricultural land conflicts in Imo State, Nigeria. A sample of 288 crop farmers selected using the multistage sampling technique participated in the study. Data were collected from the farmers using a structured interview schedule and analyzed using percentages and mean. The result showed that maize (94.1%), leafy vegetables (86.8%), yam (77.0%), fruity vegetable (73.5%) and plantain (72.8%) were the major crops grown by the farmers. Perceived causes of land conflicts included undocumented agreement over land use between individuals (97.2%), lack of marked boundaries (89.5%), increasing the value of land (89.5%), new laws, policies or programmes (72.8%), migration (72.8%) and land grabbing (72.8%). Perceived effects of land conflict on crop production were a decline in income (X̅ = 3.8), lack of financial resources (X̅ = 3.8), shortage of inputs (X̅ = 3.8), increase in the cost of inputs (X̅ = 3.8), lack of market for produce (X̅ = 3.8), land redundancy (X̅ = 3.7), improperly timed farming activities (X̅= 3.7), loss lives (X̅ = 3.7) and reduction in plot size (X̅ = 3.5, S.D = 1.0). Coping strategies used were divesting from crop production (X̅ = 4.0), diversification of farm enterprises (X̅ = 3.9), appeasing other parties (X̅=3.9), praying for peace (X̅ = 3.9) and adopting less risky income-generating activities (X̅ = 3.8). It was recommended that existing land governance systems be reviewed in order to accommodate recent changes. Keywords: Conflict resolution, coping strategies, agricultural land, crop farmers, effects, rural areas.

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Jiang, Shengnan, Zhenke Zhang, Hang Ren, Guoen Wei, Minghui Xu y Binglin Liu. "Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Urban Land Expansion and Population Growth in Africa from 2001 to 2019: Evidence from Population Density Data". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, n.º 9 (29 de agosto de 2021): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10090584.

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Africa has been undergoing a rapid urbanization process, which is critical to the achievement of the 11th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG11). Using population density data from LandScan, we proposed a population density-based thresholding method to generate urban land and urban population data in Africa from 2001 to 2019, which were further applied to detect the spatiotemporal characteristics of Africa’s urbanization. The results showed that urban land and urban population have both grown rapidly in Africa, which increased by about 5.92% and 4.91%, respectively. The top three countries with the most intense urbanization process in Africa are Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia. The coupling relationship index of urban land expansion and population growth was 0.76 in Africa during 2001–2019. Meanwhile, the total proportion of uncoordinated development types at the provincial level was getting higher, which indicated an uncoordinated relationship between urban land expansion and population growth in Africa. Cropland, grassland, rural land, and forests were the most land-use types occupied by urban expansion. The proportion of cropland, grassland, and forests occupied was getting higher and higher from 2001 to 2019. The extensive urban land use may have an impact on the environmental and economic benefits brought by urbanization, which needs further research.

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Adekola, Oluwafemi, Pauliina Krigsholm y Kirsikka Riekkinen. "Accessing Citizens’ Perceptions of Land-Related Policy in a Social Media Setting: The Case of Rural Grazing Area Settlement Programme in Nigeria". Land 11, n.º 2 (27 de enero de 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020200.

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Social media have opened interesting avenues for accessing active citizenry’s perceptions, providing an important tool for the promotion of the successful implementation of policy. Although social media data have been used to access citizens’ perceptions in various fields of study, they have yet to be adequately examined in the area of land-related policies. This study showcases the potential of the use of social media data to access citizens’ perceptions of land-related policies in the context of a developing country. We systematically selected YouTube videos with expressions of citizens’ perceptions of the Rural Grazing Area settlement programme in Nigeria. The findings from the social media data indicate that whilst some people perceived the policy’s potential benefits, most expressed dissatisfaction with it, and some suggested alternative policy approaches. The results suggest that social media data may be a promising avenue for accessing citizens’ opinions even in the case of land-related policies. Social media data must be accessed and used with caution, however, taking into consideration their limitations. This study’s main contribution lies in the demonstration that social media data can provide valuable insights into citizens’ perceptions of sensitive interventions, including land-related policies.

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35

Alabi, Afusat A., Kayode P. Orimafo, Modupe K. Idris-Adeniyi y Olatooke O. Oke. "Determinants of Land Access and Utilization for Agricultural Activities among Farming Households in Surulere Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria". Pan African Journal of Life Sciences 4, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36108/pajols/0202/40(0210).

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Background: Land is the most important asset necessary for agriculture and factor of production for households in Nigeria. 85% of rural residents in the country depend on agriculture for their livelihood. The present study therefore analyse the determinants of land access and utilization for agricultural activities among farming households in Surulere Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria Methods: Population under the present study comprises of all peasant farmers in Surulere Local Government Area of Oyo State. The sampling procedure employed was multistage random sampling technique leading to the selection of 90 farmers. Data were obtained through the use of structured questionnaire while the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistical tool such as logistic regression model. Results: Majority (85.6%) of the respondents w er e m ale, had a mean age of 43 years, were married (74.4%) and have an average household size of 8 members. Most (86.7%) of the respondents engaged primarily in farming with an average experience of 19 years and cultivated an average farm size of 2.4ha. Family inheritance (61.1%) was the major mode of land access. Majority (63.3%) of the respondents used their land for agricultural purposes alone. The average land size was between 1.80-10.50ha with an average distance of 1.11km-5.0km from homestead. Result of probit regression model showed that income level (Z = 2.71) and farming experience (Z = 1.80) were significantly related to land access. Also, household size (Z = 2.39), farm right (Z = 2.10) and scale of production (Z= 4.06) were significantly related to land utilization Conclusion: Income level and farming experience influenced land access for agricultural activities while household size, farm land right and scale of production are determinants of land utilization

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36

IDRIS, Halima Abdulkadir. "Declining Urban Greenery in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria". AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2, n.º 1 (17 de mayo de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/ajlaem/v2i1.1.

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Urban development disturbs the ecological balance by increasing the imperviousness of land and diminishing green cover. Over recent decades, research has brought to light the importance of urban greenery and its role in sustaining the environment of cities and towns around the world. Urban growth in the Kano metropolis has been quite significant over a few decades and activities have been enhanced towards intolerable limits, making proper management of the outcomes of such activities near impossible; resulting in degraded environments. This growth is attributed to several factors which include an increase in population, rural-urban migration, unplanned settlements and increasing built-up areas. This continuous increase in urban population has put a lot of strain on existing infrastructure and the natural environment. This study examined the relationship between changes in land use land cover (LULC) and the implications on vegetation density in the Kano metropolis. Data used were sourced from Landsat images for 1998, 2002, 2013 and 2018 from which the Built-Up Index (BUI) and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were extracted and the Correlation coefficient analysis was carried out. Results of the correlation between NDVI and BUI for the periods of the study show there is a strong negative linear relationship between vegetation density and building density indicating that there has been decreasing vegetation density with increasing building density. The study recommends that Urban Policies should be developed towards encouraging urban greening as well as the enactment of strong laws to protect green areas. Le développement urbain perturbe l’équilibre écologique en augmentant l’imperméabilité des terres et en diminuant la couverture végétale. Au cours des dernières décennies, les recherches ont mis en lumière l’importance de la verdure urbaine et son rôle dans la préservation de l’environnement des villes et villages du monde entier. La croissance urbaine dans la métropole de Kano a été assez importante pendant quelques décennies et les activités ont été renforcées vers des limites intolérables, rendant presque impossible une bonne gestion des résultats de ces activités; entraînant des environnements dégradés. Cette croissance est attribuée à plusieurs facteurs, notamment l’augmentation de la population, l’exode rural, les établissements non planifiés et l’augmentation des zones bâties. Cette augmentation continue de la population urbaine a mis beaucoup de pression sur les infrastructures existantes et l’environnement naturel. Cette étude a examiné la relation entre les changements dans l’occupation des sols (LULC) et les implications sur la densité de la végétation dans la métropole de Kano. Les données utilisées proviennent d’images Landsat pour 1998, 2002, 2013 et 2018 à partir desquelles l’indice bâti (BUI) et l’indice de végétation de différence normalisée (NDVI) ont été extraits et l’analyse du coefficient de corrélation a été effectuée. Les résultats de la corrélation entre NDVI et BUI pour les périodes d’étude montrent qu’il existe une forte relation linéaire négative entre la densité de la végétation et la densité des bâtiments, ce qui indique qu’il y a eu une diminution de la densité de la végétation avec l’augmentation de la densité des bâtiments. L’étude recommande que des politiques urbaines soient élaborées pour encourager le verdissement urbain ainsi que la promulgation de lois strictes pour protéger les espaces verts

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37

IDRIS, Halima Abdulkadir. "Declining Urban Greenery in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria". AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2, n.º 1 (17 de mayo de 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/ajleam/v2i1.1.

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Urban development disturbs the ecological balance by increasing the imperviousness of land and diminishing green cover. Over recent decades, research has brought to light the importance of urban greenery and its role in sustaining the environment of cities and towns around the world. Urban growth in the Kano metropolis has been quite significant over a few decades and activities have been enhanced towards intolerable limits, making proper management of the outcomes of such activities near impossible; resulting in degraded environments. This growth is attributed to several factors which include an increase in population, rural-urban migration, unplanned settlements and increasing built-up areas. This continuous increase in urban population has put a lot of strain on existing infrastructure and the natural environment. This study examined the relationship between changes in land use land cover (LULC) and the implications on vegetation density in the Kano metropolis. Data used were sourced from Landsat images for 1998, 2002, 2013 and 2018 from which the Built-Up Index (BUI) and Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were extracted and the Correlation coefficient analysis was carried out. Results of the correlation between NDVI and BUI for the periods of the study show there is a strong negative linear relationship between vegetation density and building density indicating that there has been decreasing vegetation density with increasing building density. The study recommends that Urban Policies should be developed towards encouraging urban greening as well as the enactment of strong laws to protect green areas. Le développement urbain perturbe l’équilibre écologique en augmentant l’imperméabilité des terres et en diminuant la couverture végétale. Au cours des dernières décennies, les recherches ont mis en lumière l’importance de la verdure urbaine et son rôle dans la préservation de l’environnement des villes et villages du monde entier. La croissance urbaine dans la métropole de Kano a été assez importante pendant quelques décennies et les activités ont été renforcées vers des limites intolérables, rendant presque impossible une bonne gestion des résultats de ces activités; entraînant des environnements dégradés. Cette croissance est attribuée à plusieurs facteurs, notamment l’augmentation de la population, l’exode rural, les établissements non planifiés et l’augmentation des zones bâties. Cette augmentation continue de la population urbaine a mis beaucoup de pression sur les infrastructures existantes et l’environnement naturel. Cette étude a examiné la relation entre les changements dans l’occupation des sols (LULC) et les implications sur la densité de la végétation dans la métropole de Kano. Les données utilisées proviennent d’images Landsat pour 1998, 2002, 2013 et 2018 à partir desquelles l’indice bâti (BUI) et l’indice de végétation de différence normalisée (NDVI) ont été extraits et l’analyse du coefficient de corrélation a été effectuée. Les résultats de la corrélation entre NDVI et BUI pour les périodes d’étude montrent qu’il existe une forte relation linéaire négative entre la densité de la végétation et la densité des bâtiments, ce qui indique qu’il y a eu une diminution de la densité de la végétation avec l’augmentation de la densité des bâtiments. L’étude recommande que des politiques urbaines soient élaborées pour encourager le verdissement urbain ainsi que la promulgation de lois strictes pour protéger les espaces verts

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38

Nwalusi, Dickson M., Francis O. Okeke, Christopher M. Anierobi, Rosemary C. Nnaemeka-Okeke y Kelechi I. Nwosu. "A Study of the Impact of Rural-Urban Migration and Urbanization on Public Housing Delivery in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria". European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, n.º 3 (1 de octubre de 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n3p59.

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Globally, urbanization is now like a tidal wave sweeping the entire world and its impact is felt more in developing countries like Nigeria, where urban growth is marked by a dramatic shift with emphasis from rural to urban centers. Rural-urban migration which is one of the effects of urbanization has had grievous implications for urban housing delivery in Nigerian cities. Thus, the steady increase in her population over the years and its effect on the housing sector have become a problem of serious concern. Therefore, this research investigates the impact of urbanization and migration from rural areas on housing delivery in the city of Enugu in order to develop sustainable measures that will address the issue. It utilized a qualitative research method of direct observation and review of literature in which primary and secondary data were collected. The research results highlight some of the effects of Urbanization in the study area to include; gross housing shortage, increase housing rent and high land value in the city resulting to the emergence and expansion of many squatter settlements at the periphery of the city, incidence of haphazard situation of developments, change in land uses, violation of planning guidelines, suboptimal amenities and inadequate infrastructure as well as slum conditions. The study also identified 14 peri-urban squatter settlements with an estimated total population of 62,733 people; an indication of about 5.5% unaccounted spill over population with over 11,082 households in the city. Furthermore, it was observed that the current public housing provision in the city of Enugu over the period 1999-2020 is skewed away from low-income earners, who constitute a significant portion of the city's population. Conclusions and recommendations in the report include a call for strategic and comprehensive government intervention in the housing sector, as well as a demand for local building materials and a better use of union housing cooperatives with single digit interest loan for housing finance to ensure adequate provision of affordable housing to the growing population in the city.

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Jibril, Mamman Saba, David Sesugh Aule y Ali Hussain Idris. "LAND COVER CHANGES IN DANBATTA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF KANO STATE, NIGERIA". AFRIGIST JOURNAL OF LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2, n.º 1 (17 de mayo de 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54222/afrigist/ajlaem/v2i1.3.

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This research analyzed desertification and land degradation in the Dambatta Local Government Area (LGA) of Kano State with the view to delineating hotspot areas that require intervention. The imageries used for the research analysis were obtained from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA), Abuja. The data sets were captured by Landsat Multispectral Scanner/Thematic Mapper (MSS/TM) 1997, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 2007 and Operational Land Imager (OLI) 2017. The Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) algorithm was used for classification. Post classification change detection technique was conducted using ILWIS 5.2 and later converted to shapefiles where it was imported to ArcMap 10.2 GIS software. The result of the classification was presented in tables, which were subsequently compared using the Post Classification Comparison (PCC) technique to estimate and compute temporal and spatial changes as well as the rate and area extent of changes between the four images. The result shows that desert encroachment has occurred in the study area at the rate of 5.65km2/yr over the 20 years. A composite Land Cover map and NDVI map of 2017 was created and superimposed with the localities within Dambatta LGA, where the settlements requiring intervention were then drawn out. It revealed that almost all parts of the LGA require intervention. . However, some areas have more serious land degradation issues than others. This has resulted from anthropogenic activities, environmental factors and erosion with negative effects on farmers, rural development, forest reserves and policymakers. Hence intervention in the form of afforestation is recommended to prevent further expansion of bare lands in the area. Cette recherche a analysé la désertification et la dégradation des terres dans la zone d’administration locale de Dambatta (LGA) de l’État de Kano en vue de délimiter les zones de hotspot qui nécessitent une intervention. Les images utilisées pour l’analyse de la recherche ont été obtenues auprès de l’Agence nationale de recherche et de développement spatial (NASRDA), Abuja. Les ensembles de données ont été capturés par Landsat Multispectral Scanner/Thematic Mapper (MSS/TM) 1997, Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) 2007 et Operational Land Imager (OLI) 2017. L’algorithme MLC (Maximum Likelihood Classifier) a été utilisé pour la classification. La technique de détection des modifications post-classification a été réalisée à l’aide d’ILWIS 5.2 et convertie ultérieurement en fichiers de forme où elle a été importée dans le logiciel SIG ArcMap 10.2. Le résultat de la classification a été présenté dans des tableaux, qui ont ensuite été comparés à l’aide de la technique de comparaison post-classification (PCC) pour estimer et calculer les changements temporels et spatiaux ainsi que le taux et l’étendue des changements entre les quatre images. Le résultat montre que l’empiètement du désert s’est produit dans la zone d’étude au rythme de 5,65 km2 / an au cours des 20 années. Une carte composite de la couverture terrestre et une carte NDVI de 2017 ont été créées et superposées aux localités de la LGA de Dambatta, où les colonies nécessitant une intervention ont ensuite été dessinées. Il a révélé que presque toutes les parties de la LGA nécessitent une intervention. Cependant, certaines régions ont des problèmes de dégrdation des terres plus graves que d’autres. Cela résulte des activités anthropiques, des facteurs environnementaux et de l’érosion qui ont des effets négatifs sur les agriculteurs, le développement rural, les réserves forestières et les décideurs. Par conséquent, une intervention sous forme de boisement est recommandée pour empêcher une nouvelle expansion des terres nues dans la région.

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40

Esomchi Obi, Success, Sunny Odikpa, Edegbo Sunday Jeremiah, Abubakar Yakubu Emeje y Onuche Godwin. "The Implication of Farmers - Herders Conflicts on the Socio-Economic Development of Omala L.G.A, Kogi State, North Central Nigeria". International Journal of Qualitative Research 1, n.º 1 (31 de julio de 2021): 61–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijqr.v1i1.307.

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Famers’- Herders’ conflict has become a widespread occurrence spreading to all parts of Nigeria. The study examined how farmers-herdsmen conflict constitutes a threat to rural development, internal security, and socio-economic development in Nigeria about Omala Local Government Area of Kogi State, North Central Nigeria. The study adopted the qualitative method making use of semi-structured interviews and 100 informants were purposively selected. Findings from the study revealed among others that; Crop damage by cattle, land encroachment without permission, inadequate grazing reserves, lack of access to water points, killing of stray cattle, pollution of the water point, cattle routes blockage, Mbororo migrants, ECOWAS treaty, fertile land of the host community, socio-economic, cultural differences, the political economy of cattle herders were major causes and persistence of farmers-pastoralists conflicts. The study among others recommends that; since farmers-pastoralists conflicts were resource-based conflict due to blockage of cattle route by farmers which eventually leads to encroachment of farmers land and thus translate to open violence and animosity, there is a need for resignification of cattle routes for the pastoralist to have a route to avoid farmlands encroachment, regarding the transit route for irregular migrants through Niger, Senegal, Mali, Ivory Coast, Chad, Cameroon, it is suggested that the Minister of Interior should initiate dialogue with the neighboring governments on how to address and curb the rising number of migrants transiting border Nations. Based on the study findings, to end this crisis once and for all, there is a need for the consideration of cattle colonies implementation while implementing former recommendations.

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41

Adeyonu, A. G., A. A. Obisesan y O. L. Balogun. "Determinants of malnutrition of under-five children among rural households in the southwest, Nigeria". Food Research 6, n.º 1 (13 de febrero de 2022): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(1).729.

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Malnutrition has been attributed to many deaths among under-five children in most of the developing countries including Nigeria. Understanding the determinants of malnutrition can provide insights in designing interventions for reducing the high rates of child malnutrition. This study focused on what determines the malnutrition of under-five children among rural households in the southwest, Nigeria. A multistage sampling technique was employed to select 395 households that had 487 under-five children. Data were collected on child’s, mother’s, household’s and community characteristics using a pre-tested structured questionnaire. Information on the child’s nutrition status was obtained using Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) tape. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logit model with STATA 14 statistical package. The results revealed that the average age of under-five children was about 25 months and over 50% of them are girls with a malnutrition rate of 44.0%. The child’s sex, the child’s birth interval, cultivated farm size, mother’s education, water source, and distance to nearest health center significantly determined the child’s malnutrition in rural areas of southwest Nigeria. Given the findings of this research, it is suggested that; mothers should be advised to use contraceptives for child spacing; farmers should be enlightened on the need to implement modern farming practices that lead to optimum yield per land cultivated rather than increasing the size of cultivated farmland; there should be an improvement on women’s education as well as a potable water source; and health care facilities close to respondents’ residence should be provided.

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Agboola, I. S., J. A. George-Onaho, J. A. Ete y A. E. Ayandokun. "Contribution of apiculture in social and economic development of Nigeria". Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 25, n.º 9 (28 de diciembre de 2021): 1559–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v25i9.2.

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There is urgent need to rescue Nigerian economy from deluge of crisis it is been confronted with atthe present time. To achieve this, it is pivotal to explore various potentials available in the country to solve her problem. Therefore, this paper examines the potential of apiculture industry in social and economic development of the nation. Hive products such as beewax, propolis, pollen and royal jelly are known to have contributed largely to the economic development of advanced countries like China, Turkey, Mexico, Argentina, Hungary, Australia and Canada. While the practice provides job opportunities for people of all classes, it also boosts productivity of other agricultural crops. Honey from Nigeria will command higher demand and prices in the world market for its medicinal and antimicrobial qualities, thereby serving as a good foreign exchange commodity in international market. As part of its contribution to economic growth, apiculture is a good source of income for beekeepers, it involves the use of little land. It empowers small scale farmers and also does not damage the environment. The paper also stressed that apiculture is not only important for generating income, it also curbs against rural migration. Apiculture protects the environment and also an important non-timber forest product.

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TIFFEN, MARY. "URBANIZATION: IMPACTS ON THE EVOLUTION OF ‘MIXED FARMING’ SYSTEMS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA". Experimental Agriculture 42, n.º 3 (julio de 2006): 259–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479706003589.

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During the past two decades or so, rural population in Africa has increased slowly while urban population has grown dramatically. The hugely increased urban demand for cereals and pulses (which produce crop residues for livestock) and for livestock products is now the main force stimulating mixed farming systems in the semi-arid and sub-humid areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Grazing land has diminished, crop residues are becoming a more important element in raising livestock and fattening penned livestock has become profitable. The changes in land use, land tenure and the shift of livestock raising southwards in West Africa are illustrated. Farmers' adaptation to rapidly changing markets for their products and the factors of production are illustrated with examples from Senegal, Nigeria, Niger, and, by way of contrast, Kenya. The main challenges this sets to agricultural scientists are described. The livestock element in mixed farming system now requires careful economic analysis and participative research if scientists are to meet the evolving needs of farming as the urban sector enlarges.

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Ogunsumi, L. O., Victor A. Adeyeye y F. B. Fato. "Comparative Assessment of Women Involvement in Farming and Family Life in Rural Parts of Nigeria". Journal of Agricultural Science 9, n.º 9 (15 de agosto de 2017): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n9p201.

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The study was carried out through the use of structured questionnaire administered on women in two agricultural zones of Oyo State. The main objective of this paper is to examine the extent of women’s participation in farming specifically, the paper is designed to identify the sources of income and compare income levels in two geographical settings, identify and compare farming activities in two different farming zones. In the paper attempt has been made to characterize the farm labour force, access to land and other inputs in the two different farming zones and on the basis of all these some recommendations that if implemented would lead to increase in output, increase in return from farm and consequently increase in their various contributions to the household have been proposed.Some fifty women were interviewed from the two selected zones. Descriptive statistics was used to explain the background information, socio economic activities farming activities, development projects, as well as the problems encountered by women in the two areas.Multiple regression analysis was used to show the extent to which variables such as age, hectarage, educational attainment and experience in farming affect the income of rural women in the study areas. Dummy variables were added to distinguish between the two areas. This is to show if there was a significant difference in the income levels of the rural women in the areas.The study revealed that the size of the farmland cultivated by women in the two areas was generally small. About 50 percent of the respondents cultivated one hectare of land or below. Low credit facility for farm work and lack of modern inputs like fertilizer and improved seeds were major constraints for increased productivity among the women respondents. Innovations introduced in the study areas include Adult education, improved seeds coupled with improved production package. The t-test revealed the lead equation being semi-log, the coefficients of which are hectarage cultivated, educational level and income from other sources were significant at 95 percent confidence level. About, 59 percent of the variations in the income of rural women interviewed were explained by the independent variables.

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Best Herbert, Eti. "Developing a Renewable Energy Based Off-Grid Electricity Solution for Nigeria". Global Energy Law and Sustainability 2, n.º 2 (agosto de 2021): 182–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/gels.2021.0055.

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Nigeria has always depended on the national grid network for the supply of electricity across the country. Despite the various efforts at grid expansion, the national grid is yet to get to every part of the Nigeria. The cost of grid expansion, the massive size and difficult terrain of certain parts of the country make are the major limitation to national grid expansion. Thus, most rural dwellers are yet to get access or sufficient supply of electricity. Also, the heavy dependence on the grid network puts the country at risk of blackout in most part of the country should the grid break down. On the other hand, off-grid electrification, which is a modern means of electricity sourcing other than the grid network with the use of mini-grid or stand-alone systems, can serve, as alternative means of electricity, supply for Nigeria. Off-grid systems are dynamic and adaptable to fit the peculiarities of each region, such as: land topography, population size, energy sources, etc. This paper examined the various renewable energy sources such as hydro, solar, wind, and biomass as viable sources of energy which Nigeria can be explore to power off-grid platforms. However, there is a dearth of legal framework to support the use of renewable energy sources for off-grid electricity. Thus, there is need for legislative efforts by the legislature or regulation by the National Electricity Regulatory Commission to fill this gap.

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Morufu Olalekan, RAIMI, ISAH Hussain Muhammad, UDENSI Lawrence Okoronkwo y EFEGBERE Henry Akpojubaro. "Assessment of safety practices and farmers behaviors adopted when handling pesticides in rural Kano state, Nigeria". Arts & Humanities Open Access Journal 4, n.º 5 (13 de octubre de 2020): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ahoaj.2020.04.00170.

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Background: With the global population expected to reach 9billion people by 2050, current agro economy practices are expected to exacerbate human health threat, environmental and land pressures.Feeding the majority of the world population is challenging and the potential presence of using agrochemicals must be investigated to guarantee consumer chemical safety.To overcome this challenge, there is an urgent need to invest in innovative solutions for food production. Objective: This study assesses safety practices and farmer’s behaviors adopted when handling pesticides in Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: A structure questionnaire was developed focusing on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge and experience of adverse health effects related to pesticide use, details of work practices and an inventory of pesticides used on the farm.Of the 400 copies of questionnaire administered 392 copies representing 98% of the administered questionnaires were retrieved and found useable. Findings: The result showed that less than half of these farmers who make use of pesticides protect themselves by wearing mask, boot or impermeable clothes, 72.6% of the respondents use stock in mixing pesticides, 17.7% made use of their bare hands while 9.7% use other methods, In terms of what they do after applying pesticides 70.4% wash their hands with soap and water, 25.4% claimed that they wash their hands with waters only, 29.1% store pesticide in their rooms, 38.5% stored it outside house while 32.5% of the respondents stored pesticides inside house, 47.0% of the respondents dispose pesticides containers by throwing it in open field, 38.7% throw it in dustbin while 14.2% returns the containers to the seller. Interpretation: There is need to provide cautionary tales for researchers, various stakeholders, and decision-makers to agree on the data needed to build conﬁdence in using new methods for speciﬁc purposes.Conﬁdence building measures can have the potential to play an increasing role in screening for hazardous properties, prioritizing chemicals for further testing, identifying safer alternatives, assessing environmental media, improving emergency response, and, overall, providing greater protection of public health and the environment.Also, pesticide regulations on farmers should be enforced in a way that will protect public health and those who are being exposed outside of regulations.

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Abah, Roland Clement y Brilliant Mareme Petja. "Crop Suitability Mapping for Rice, Cassava, and Yam in North Central Nigeria". Journal of Agricultural Science 9, n.º 1 (7 de diciembre de 2016): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n1p96.

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Agricultural production has contributed over time to food security and rural economic development in developing countries particularly supporting the countryside. Evidence of crop yield decline exist in the Lower River Benue Basin. This was a crop suitability mapping for rice, cassava, and yam to guide policy makers in strategic planning for sustainable agricultural development. Data was collected on various themes including climate, drainage, soil, satellite imagery, and maps. Remote Sensing was used to analyse satellite imagery to produce a digital elevation model, land use and land cover map, and normalised difference vegetation index map. GIS was used to produce thematic maps, weighted percentages of attribute data, and to produce crop suitability maps through weighted overlay. Soils in the study area require fertility enhancement with inorganic fertilisers for better crop yield. Soils in the Lower River Benue Basin are suitable for yam, cassava, and rice cultivation on maps of suitable areas. Some areas were found to be highly suitable for the cultivation of rice (34.22%), cassava (17.08%) and yam (16.08%). Some other areas were found to be moderately suitable for the cultivation of cassava (48.18%), rice (45.46%), and yam (48.85%). Areas with low suitability were 14.99% (rice), 33.68% (cassava), and 29.57% (yam). This study has demonstrated the importance of crop suitability mapping and recommends that farmers’ cooperative societies and policy makers utilise the information presented to improve decision making methods and policies for agricultural development.

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Okojie, Oamhen Manson, Mike Aigbe Osajiele y Juliana Atabhujena Oboniye. "Impact of agricultural pollution on the economic environment of Nigeria: The way out". Journal of Agricultural Science and Practice 4, n.º 4 (30 de agosto de 2019): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31248/jasp2019.159.

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Man’s effort to provide food, shelter and other basic needs for the increasing human population have resulted in environmental consequences such as agricultural pollution. However, enough understanding of its impact has not been gained by the farmers to be able to address the problems. This paper therefore x-rayed the impact of agricultural pollution on the economic environment; reduction of soil flora and fauna, eutrophication, biomagnifications, rapid oxidation of mineral elements, global warming, blocking of water ways, health challenges, destruction of crops and farm animals, war and conflict, soil erosion and reduction of soil water, nutrients and air transmissions amongst others. Recommendations were consequently made to include laws and regulations that will strictly protect the economic environment, the use of biopesticide, herbicides zero tillage and environmental awareness to the rural population with low literacy level. Meeting the food needs of an ever-increasing global population is difficult but countries must meet the growing food needs while alleviating the effect on agricultural production on land-based ecosystem.

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Adeola, Moses Olanre. "Importance of Wild Animals and Their Parts in the Culture, Religious Festivals, and Traditional Medicine, of Nigeria". Environmental Conservation 19, n.º 2 (1992): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030605.

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Utilization of animal wildlife and their by-products by farmers in Nigeria, as confirmed by this survey, is for cultural and religious ceremonies and traditional medicine. The pattern of consumption of wild animals depends on what species are available in different ecological zones. In traditional medicine, some wildlife by-products are acceptable nation-wide, while in religion, farmers are very selective — especially the Muslims. Culturally, utilization is largely by tribal and ethnic background. In the installation of traditional rulers and in performing traditional rites, some specific wild animals and their byproducts must be sacrificed.Wild animals are so vital to the rural people that adequate consideration must be given to maintaining wildlife habitats when rural development projects are planned. This is especially important when these projects involve major land-use changes or modification of traditional agricultural practices. Much of the small mammal, bird, and reptile, habitat is comprised of small wild patches, marshes, or narrow riparian strips, which can easily be destroyed by short-sighted activities. This wildlife is a valuable renewable resource which can continue to produce benefits only if adequate habitats and protection are available.

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Ofuoku, A. U. "RURAL FARMERS’ PERCEPTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN CENTRAL AGRICULTURAL ZONE OF DELTA STATE, NIGERIA". Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 12, n.º 2 (25 de octubre de 2011): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v12n2.2011.63-69.

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Farmer perception of their environment is a factor of climate change. Adaptation to climate change requires farmers to realize that the climate has changed and they must identify useful adaptations and implement them. This study analyzed the per-ception of climate change among rural farmers in central agri-cultural zone of Delta State, Nigeria. Climate change studies often assume certain adaptations and minimal examination of how, when, why, and conditions under which adaptations usually take place in any economic and social systems. The study was conducted by survey method on 131 respondents using struc-tured interview schedule and questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and linear regression model to test that education, gender, and farming experience influenced farmers’ perception of climate change. The results showed that the farmers were aware of climate change. The identified causes of climate change were ranging from intensified agriculture, population explosion, increased use of fossil fuel, loss of in-digenous know practice to gas flaring. The effects of climate change on crops and livestocks were also identified by the rural farmers. Many of the farmers adapted to climate change by planting trees, carrying out soil conservation practice, changing planting dates, using different crop varieties, installing fans in livestock pens, and applying irrigation. Almost half of them did not adapt to climate change. The linear regression analysis revealed that education, gender, and farming experience influ-enced farmers’ perception of climate change. The major barriers to adaptation to climate change included lack of information, lack of money, and inadequate land.

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