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Porodong, Paul. "An exploration of changing household subsistence strategies among contemporary Rungus farmers". Thesis, University of Kent, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523520.
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Ong, Puay Liu. "Packaging myths for tourism : the case of the Rungus of Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22536.
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This thesis is about the images and dilemmas of Rungus tourism. The Rungus community of Kudat, Sabah, Malaysia has found its way into the country's development plans and tourism policies. Rungus' faces and special features associated with Rungus lifestyle and livelihood appeared in travel guidebooks, printed brochures and websites of Malaysian-based tour companies. What happens when the 'most traditional ethnic group' in Sabah who lived in an area "rarely visited by tourists" - the Kudat district - becomes part of the media promotion and the tourist gaze? For the Rungus community, the objective of participation in the tourism sector is to improve their economic livelihood and standard of living. The tour operators who include the Rungus as part of their tour itinerary are interested in the profit making potential of selling the Rungus as an isolated, unique and traditional community. The tourists, as consumers of the Rungus product, come to Rungus territory to seek the authentic tourist experience - the feeling of being whole and balanced through revisiting the past in the Rungus present. The research focused on the two main aspects. The first aspect concerned the Rungus product. What was the product offered to the tourist and in what form? The second aspect concerned the Rungus dilemma, which basically involved two central issues: the problem of authenticity and the development paradox. Data from the ethnographic fieldwork carried out in four tourist-designated villages showed that the Rungus villagers' hopes of tourism did not materialise. They could not depend on tourism for the desired additional case income, as tourists arrivals were unpredictable and not regular. Instead, the villagers showed discontentment over the features the tourism authorities chose to represent the Rungus people. In terms of the development dilemma, the Rungus people were caught in a catch-22 situation: the success of Rungus tourism depended on the Rungus people's purportedly primitive existence. The Rungus wanted development and progress but the tourists wanted them to be undeveloped and traditional. The question is essentially one of presentation: what is the alternative to the present form of presentation of Rungus tourism?
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Cereceda, Puyol María Fernanda. "Hidrogeología subterránea de la subcuenca de Rungue, Región Metropolitana". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2013. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/115251.
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GeólogaEl presente documento corresponde a la caracterización hidrogeológica ejecutada en la subcuenca de Rungue emplazada en la hoya del estero Tiltil. Dicho estudio forma parte de la línea base constitutiva de la Evaluación de Impacto Ambiental asociado a un proyecto de disposición de residuos tóxicos y peligrosos, que monitorea la empresa Ciclo S.A. La subcuenca de Rungue se ubica a 51 km al norte de la ciudad de Santiago y cubre un área de 37,9 km2.Presenta un clima semi-árido, con un promedio de precipitación anual de 371,2 mm y una recarga del acuífero que fluctúa entre los10 y los17 l/s. En la zona, se reconocieron 3 unidades hidrogeológicas. La primera de ellas está compuesta de rocas volcánicas y sedimentarias de la Formación Las Chilcas, que se encuentran fracturadas en sus 20 m superiores. Esta unidad corresponde al único acuífero del área y, de acuerdo a los antecedentes de 3 ensayos de bombeo realizados, tiene una permeabilidad muy baja. Las unidades hidrogeológicas 2 y 3 corresponden a depósitos coluviales y aluviales, respectivamente. Éstos son de poco espesor, modesta expresión areal y no se presentan saturados. En las captaciones presentes en la subcuenca, se realizaron mediciones periódicas de niveles freáticos con lo cual se pudo estructurar un mapa de la superficie equipotencial. Según éste, la dirección de escurrimiento del flujo subterráneo, en la zona del predio, es nor-noreste. Luego, hacia aguas abajo, adopta un sentido nor-noroeste en la zona cercana al embalse Rungue. Con los gradientes hidráulicos definidos y la transmisividad determinada se calculó una velocidad de escurrimiento de 13,46 m/año. Asumiendo dicha velocidad media, el tiempo requerido para que el agua subterránea se desplace desde el predio hasta el área del tranque Rungue sería de unos 300 años aproximadamente. Considerando que el coeficiente de almacenamiento se ubica en un rango entre 1 y 3% se obtienen valores para el volumen de agua subterránea embalsada entre 3.300.000 y 9.900.000 m3. Éstas, expresadas como caudal continuo para 50 años, corresponden a 2 y 6 l/s, respectivamente. Por último, se realizaron 4 campañas de muestreo químico con los cuales se concluye que las aguas subterráneas son de tipo cálcicas bicarbonatadas con leve incremento del anión sulfato en sectores que presentan cierto grado de alteración. Si los resultados se comparan con las normas chilenas de Riego y de Agua Potable, se puede asegurar que éstas no cumplen con dichas normativas. Conforme a lo señalado, se puede aseverar que, desde la perspectiva hidrogeológica, el área es apropiada para construir un vertedero de residuos tóxicos y peligrosos.
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Nilsson, Martin. "Estimation of Radial Runout". Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Electrical Engineering, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8744.
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The demands for ride comfort quality in today's long haulage trucks are constantly growing. A part of the ride comfort problems are represented by internal vibrations caused by rotating mechanical parts. This thesis work focus on the vibrations generated from radial runout on the wheels. These long haulage trucks travel long distances on smooth highways, with a constant speed of 90 km/h resulting in a 7 Hz oscillation. This frequency creates vibrations in the cab, which can be found annoying. To help out with the vibration diagnosis when a truck enters a mechanical workshop, this work studies methods for radial runout detection using the wheel speed sensors.
The main idea is to represent the varying radius signal with a sinusoid, where the calculations are based on Fourier series. The estimated radial runout value is then the amplitude of the sinusoid. In addition to the detection part, the work also present results regarding how the relative phase difference between two wheels with radial runout effects the lateral motion of the cab.
This thesis work was performed at Scania CV AB in Södertälje, Sweden and all measurements have been full scale experiments on real trucks.
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Lassila, Pertti. "Uuden aikakauden runous : ekspressionisten tematiikka 1910- ja 1920-luvun suomenkielisessä lyriikassa /". Helsinki : Otava, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377625479.
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Kroulíková, Tereza. "Runge-Kuttovy metody". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392847.
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Tato práce se zabývá Runge--Kuttovými metodami pro počáteční problém. Práce začíná analýzou Eulerovy metody a odvozením podmínek řádu. Jsou představeny modifikované metody. Pro dvě z nich je určen jejich řád teoreticky a pro všechny je provedeno numerické testování řádu. Jsou představeny a numericky testovány dva typy metod s odhadem chyby, "embedded" metody a metody založené na modifikovaných metodách. V druhé části jsou odvozeny implicitní metody. Jsou představeny dva způsoby konstrukce implicitních "embedded" metod. Jsou zmíněny také diagonální implicitní metody. Na závěr jsou probrány dva druhy stability u metod prezentovaných v práci.
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Krencevičiūtė, Jolanta. "Matjė tipo diferencialinių lygčių atraktorių skaičiavimas operatoriniu bei Rungės ir Kutos metodais". Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050607_115753-11026.
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Various real processes, occurring in the nature, technology, etc., are usually described by differential equations. Due to the development of computer software, computers have become the main tool for solving problems of different fields. They enable not only to solve complex differential equations or their systems, but also to analyze the dependence of differential equations solutions on various parameters and initial values. Up to the present many methods for the solution of differential equations have been developed, therefore, the user can solve differential equation, using several different methods. Different methods of solution enable to avoid various mistakes and to reduce errors. Differential equations can be solved not only using numerical methods, but also by applying methods of algebraic operator equations. When the latter method is being used, solutions are expressed in power series, the convergence of which has to be analyzed separately. This paper includes the analysis of Mathieu-type differential equations solutions dependence on initial conditions and parameters, as well as the establishment of solutions attractor zones and curves, which separate different attractor zones. It is very important to indicate the most exact crossing limits among different attractor zones. In order to avoid huge errors, we carried out the research by using two methods: operator and Runge-Kutta.
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Elmikkawy, M. E. A. "Embedded Runge-Kutta-Nystrom methods". Thesis, Teesside University, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371400.
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Warzynski, Andrzej. "Runge-Kutta residual distribution schemes". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5271/.
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The residual distribution framework and its ability to carry out genuinely multidimensional upwinding has attracted a lot of research interest in the past three decades. Although not as robust as other widely used approximate methods for solving hyperbolic partial differential equations, when residual distribution schemes do provide a plausible solution it is usually more accurate than in the case of other approaches. Extending these methods to time-dependent problems remains one of the main challenges in the field. In particular, constructing such a solution so that the resulting discretisation exhibits all the desired properties available in the steady state setting. It is generally agreed that there is not yet an ideal generalisation of second order accurate and positive compact residual distribution schemes designed within the steady residual distribution framework to time-dependent problems. Various approaches exist, none of which is considered optimal nor completely satisfactory. In this thesis two possible extensions are constructed, analysed and verified numerically: continuous-in-space and discontinuous-in-space Runge-Kutta Residual Distribution methods. In both cases a Runge-Kutta-type time-stepping method is used to integrate the underlying PDEs in time. These are then combined with, respectively, a continuous- and discontinuous-in-space residual distribution type spatial approximation. In this work a number of second order accurate linear continuous-in-space Runge- Kutta residual distribution methods are constructed, tested experimentally and compared with existing approaches. Additionally, one non-linear second order accurate scheme is presented and verified. This scheme is shown to perform better in the close vicinity of discontinuities (in terms of producing spurious oscillations) when compared to linear second order schemes. The experiments are carried out on a set of structured and unstructured triangular meshes for both scalar linear and nonlinear equations, and for the Euler equations of fluid dynamics as an example of systems of non-linear equations. In the case of the discontinuous-in-space Runge-Kutta residual distribution framework, the thorough analysis presented here highlights a number of shortcomings of this approach and shows that it is not as attractive as initially anticipated. Nevertheless, a rigorous overview of this approach is given. Extensive numerical results on both structured and unstructured triangular meshes confirm the analytical results. Only results for scalar (both linear and non-linear) equations are presented.
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Whittall, John Russell. "Runout exceedance prediction for open pit slope failures". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/54547.
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Consequences from recent large open pit slope failures have increased industry and regulatory interest in establishing exclusion zones beneath an impending slope failure. Damaged infrastructure, equipment, and fatalities have resulted despite geotechnical staff effectively identifying the hazard and predicting the timing of the failure. Creating exclusion zones is a common response to reduce risk, however uncertainty remains as to how far they should extend. Advances in natural landslide research have created useful tools for landslide risk management. These tools have clear applications to pit slopes but most have not been tested or validated. This thesis validates empirical runout tools to a dataset of 105 pit slope failures and provides design charts to explicitly account for runout and runout exceedance in emergency response procedures. Results from the analysis presented demonstrate that Fahrböschung angle vs. volume, Fahrböschung angle vs. slope angle, and inundation area vs. volume relationships follow the general trend of established natural landslide models with similar scatter. However differences in liquefiable substrate, topographic confinement, and a clear dependence on material properties and slope angle necessitate a tool calibrated to open pits. Open pit specific linear regressions are provided and a new mobility index is proposed to accommodate the geometric and material constraints affecting mobility. A design tool is provided to map the inundation area back from the estimated deposit toe. These tools are best applied in a probabilistic framework to scale runout to the mine’s tolerable risk level. Runout exceedance probability charts and simple equations are provided to estimate exclusion zones and integrate runout into the mine’s risk management plan.Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Perry, Stephen Alan. "Precision compensation for cutter runout in peripheral milling". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18200.
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Strasser-Klotz, Susanne. "Runge und Ossian Kunst, Literatur, Farbenlehre /". [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975068997.
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Malek, Fadi. "Formules de type Runge-Kutta-Nystrom". Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/7564.
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Explicit Runge-Kutta-Nystrom pairs, which solve directly second order initial value problems of the form $y\sp{\prime\prime}$ = $f(x,y)$ with the first derivative $y\sp\prime$ absent, are considered. Pairs consisting of formulae of order $p-1$ and p, respectively, can be designed to control the local error in y, in $y\sp\prime$ or in y and $y\sp\prime$. They may also advance the numerical approximations using the lower order formulae or the higher order formulae. These two sets of choices lead to five types of pairs. We establish the minimum number of stages required to form the five types of pairs for p = 2, ...,6, by producing an existing pair and disproving the existence of a similar pair with fewer stages. Notions of Nystrom methods and Nystrom trees are recalled along with the order conditions for these methods.
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Gilmore, John Patrick. "Explicit Runge-Kutta global error estimators". Thesis, Teesside University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410876.
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Almeida, Cesar Guilherme de. "SOBRE MÉTODOS DE RUNGE-KUTTA PARALELOS". Universidade de São Paulo, 1993. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/55/55134/tde-17082018-101023/.
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Esta dissertação de mestrado apresenta um estudo referente a métodos de Runge-Kutta Paralelos. Baseado em alguns artigos sobre o assunto, este trabalho, contém duas técnicas de construção de métodos Paralelos. Uma técnica é utilizar a Teoria das Diferenças Elementares, a outra é recorrer ao processo iterativo diagonal para resolvermos as equações implícitas do método de Runge-Kutta. Também apresentamos resultados numéricos, ou seja, implementamos os métodos construídos a partir de cada uma das técnicas. A linguagem utilizada foi a OCCAM, adequada para programação concorrente. Uma referência é o livro [Poutain, May, 87].This MSc dissertation presents a study on Paralel Runge-Kutta methods. It is based on some papers about the subject and contains two techniques for construction of Paralel methods. The first one uses the Elementary Differential Theory, while the second appeals to a Diagonal Iterated method for solving the implicit equations of the RK method. Numerical results corresponding to both techniques are included. The computer language used was OCCAM, which is adequated to concurrent programming,
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Mccabe, Maurice Vincent. "Modelling nearshore waves, runup and overtopping". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-nearshore-waves-runup-and-overtopping(16ee1ecf-542c-4e3d-a150-fcb4d3981f6d).html.
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Coastal flooding from wave overtopping causes considerable damage. Presently, to model wave overtopping one can either make use of physical model tests or empirical tools such as those described in the EurOtop manual. Both these methods have limitations; therefore, a quick and reliable numerical model for wave overtopping would be a very useful tool for a coastal engineer.This research aims to test and develop a numerical model (in one horizontal dimension) for nearshore waves, runup and overtopping. The Shallow Water And Boussinesq (SWAB) model solves the Boussinesq-type equations of Madsen and Sorensen (1992) for non breaking waves and the nonlinear shallow water equations for breaking waves. Through testing against a range of physical model data using regular and random waves, the SWAB model's transfer from non-breaking to breaking waves was optimised. It was found that a wave height to water depth ratio worked consistently well as a breaking criterion.A set of physical model tests were carried out, based on previous field testing of wave overtopping that had previously taken place at Anchorsholme, Blackpool. The SWAB model was used to simulate some of these physical model tests, giving good results for mean overtopping rates. SWAB models the force imposed by steep walls and recurve walls on the incident flow; this force was found to have a significant effect on overtopping rates. A comparison was made between mean overtopping rates from the SWAB model, the physical model tests, empirically-based software (PC-Overtopping) and the field data. The physical model and SWAB results compared well with the field data, though the empirical software gave large overestimates.The SWAB model was applied to the analysis of overtopping at Walcott, Norfolk. It was found that beach levels affected overtopping rates, but not as much as different randomly phased wave trains. A simulation of a recent storm event was performed, with overtopping rates being slightly lower than those reported by local residents. A joint probability analysis showed that the predicted frequency of such an event was in line with these reports.An alternative modelling technique was also tested, where a spectral energy model was coupled with a nonlinear shallow water solver. Results for wave runup parameters were very accurate, when the coupling location is at the seaward edge of the surf zone. Extension of this modelling technique into two horizontal dimensions would be more straightforward than with the SWAB model.
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RAJMOHAN, SIDDHARTH. "Runout Evaluation Methods for Cylindrical, Tapered and Flat surfaces". University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1202407539.
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PIRULLI, MARINA. "Numerical modelling of landslide runout. A continuum mechanics approach". Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2499763.
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Increasing population density and development of mountainous terrains bring human settlements within reach of landslide hazards. Perhaps the most serious threat arises from small, high frequency landslides such as debris flows and debris avalanches. On the other hand, large and relatively rare rock avalanches also constitute a significant hazard, due to their prodigious capacity for destruction. Such landslides involve the spontaneous failure of entire mountain slopes, involving volumes measured in tens or hundreds million m3 and travel distances of several kilometres.
Flow-like movements of rocks can be identified among the most dangerous and damaging of all landslide phenomena. Since it often proves impossible to mitigate their destructive potential by stabilising the area of origin, risk analyses, including predictions of runout, have to be performed. With these predictions losses can be reduced, as they provide means to define the hazardous areas, estimate the intensity of the hazard, and work out the parameters for the identification of appropriate protective measures. At the same time, reliable predictions of runout can help to avoid exceedingly conservative decisions regarding the development of hazardous areas.
Risk evaluation of these events requires the comprehension of two fundamental problems: the initiation and the runout. Even though the specification of the initial conditions is also a primarily problem, which is not yet resolved, the runout, that is the flowing and stopping phases of the mass, is here analysed.
Numerical simulation should provide a useful tool for investigating, within realistic geological contexts, the dynamics of these flows and of their arrest phase.
In the 1970’s the most widely used and perhaps earliest model proposed for the analysis of rockslides and similar phenomena was that of a rigid block on an inclined plane. In recent years, new and more sophisticated models based on a continuum mechanics approach have emerged. Together with continuum mechanics models, a noteworthy type of modelling is that based on a discontinuum mechanics approach, in which the run out mass is modelled as an assembly of particles moving down along a surface.
It is probably fair to state that Savage and Hutter in 1989 developed the first continuum mechanical theory capable of describing the evolving geometry of a finite mass of a granular material and the associated velocity distribution as an avalanche slides down inclined surfaces. Their model provided a more complete analysis of such flows than previous models had done, and its extension as well as comparison with laboratory experiments demonstrated it to be largely successful.
A continuum mechanics approach assumes that during an avalanche, the characteristic length in the flowing direction is generally much larger than the vertical one, e.g. the avalanche thickness. Such a long-wave scaling argument has been widely used in derivation of continuum flow models. This leads to depth-averaged models governed by generalized Saint Venant equations.
Nowadays, these models provide a fruitful tool for investigating the dynamics and extent of avalanches.
Anyway, whatever the applied analytical model, results of a numerical simulation depend on the value assigned to the constitutive parameter of the assumed rheology.
The aim of the dissertation is the development and validation of a three dimensional numerical model able to run analyses of propagation on a complex topography and the setting of a procedure direct to define some reference values for characteristic parameters of an assumed rheology. Case histories having a different runout path and material type are analysed and compared, the obtained values could be considered useful guidelines to study a potential landslide.
The choice of a certain approach rather than another is the result of a careful analysis of advantages and disadvantages of each existing method. All choices are made never forgetting to remain focused on real problems and real behaviour of a mass. By consequence, each problem tackled and solved is directed to guarantee more
realistic results.
Whatever the chosen numerical approach, it is fundamental to know in detail the type of phenomenon that will be studied. In this sense, it is important to learn from past events and to always have on mind that each analysed problem is not abstract but it is linked to a real site.
In the present work, a continuum mechanics approach has been followed.
The original version (SHWCIN) of the implemented three dimensional code was developed at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris but before using it to run analysis of propagation on a complex topography many fundamental changes are necessary.
Trying to reduce the uncertainty range of values to be assigned in prediction to rheological parameters, the numerical code DAN (Hungr, 1995) is applied to back analyse a set of case histories of landslides selected from literature.
For prediction, the main limitation of DAN is due to the fact that it reduces a complex and heterogeneous 3D problem into an extremely simple formulation and the width of propagation is a part of the input data. But, when a back analysis is run, the geometry of propagation is already known. Therefore, the limits of DAN in some way disappear. Also, cases for which a DEM (Digital Elevation Model) is not available can be analysed. Moreover, advantages in using this code are mainly due to its simplicity, it makes possible an immediate and rapid numerical simulation of many real cases.
The methodology here proposed consists in using DAN to run back analyses of as many case histories as possible and the new three dimensional code to predict propagation of a mass on a complex topography.
It is important to underline that when values obtained from back analyses are used to simulate a potential landslide, only cases having similar characteristics (e.g. run out area shape, material type) can be compared.
To guarantee correctness of this approach it is necessary to verify that DAN results, if used as input data in a three dimensional numerical code, give approximately the same solution. Cases for which a DEM pre-collapse is available are analysed with both DAN and the new code.
After a critic overview of landslide classifications and a detailed description of those phenomena known as rock avalanches (Ch. 2), a description of existing propagation methods has been done, underlining advantages and disadvantages of each considered approach (Ch. 3). On the basis of possibility of application on analysis of real cases a continuum mechanics approach has then been followed, two numerical codes have been analysed: SHWCIN and DAN (Ch. 4).
The SHWCIN code was originally used to carry out simple numerical simulations of a mass released from a gate or from a hemi-spherical cap on an inclined plane and results were analysed considering the centre line section.
To simulate the movement on a complex three dimensional topography, the code has been numerically implemented allowing to: reduce mesh-dependency effects on results of propagation by using an irregular mesh, change gravity components as a function of the considered topography, change earth pressure coefficients in a condition of anisotropy of normal stresses, take into account both different constitutive laws and pore water effects. Each of these changes has been carefully validated. Once the final version of the code was obtained it has been tested through numerical analysis of laboratory tests and back analysis of case histories obtained from
literature (Ch. 5).
In order to create a database of well described phenomena and rheological parameters, that can be useful guidelines when prediction is the aim of an analysis, case histories have been analysed with DAN following a procedure that gives the possibility of calibrating the model in order to obtain the best value for each of the parameters required by the assumed rheology (Ch. 6).
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Topnaar, P. E. "Stakeholders' perceptions of the cluster system in a secondary school in Rundu, Namibia". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004516.
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Since independence in 1990, various efforts have been made to improve the quality and management of Namibian schools, including the Basic Education Project (BEP-Project). In collaboration with the Geselschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), the BEP-Project has supported the implementation of important Government programs, such as Lower Primary reform and the cluster system. In 1995 the BEP-Project began to address educational needs in the Rundu education region. It was believed that Rundu had in the past been the most neglected region, especially with regard to education. The school cluster system was devised to facilitate new ways of education service delivery and to address the question of improving education standards. The purpose of this research is to answer the question: "How do the management and staff of a secondary school in the Rundu region of education experience a school cluster system?" To this end, the research seeks to determine what potential the cluster system holds and how that may be realised, and to also establish whether there is any evidence of change in management practices. A case study method has been employed to gain insight into the cluster system as a management tool. Ten respondents, all of whom have been employed at the school in question for a considerable period of time, were interviewed before and after the implementation of the cluster system. The research disclosed that disparities and tension in the school were legacies of the colonial education system, but that the cluster system had bridged the gap and enhanced uniformity and cooperation. Sharing of ideas on educational issues and constant interaction created a conducive environment for academic performance. The case study further disclosed that parental involvement in decision making is still a course for concern and that the cluster system has not yet addressed this issue. The study has shown that decentralisation has taken place and that rural schools are no longer operating in isolation. A lack of innovative ideas has hampered training as a cluster activity. From the research, it is evident that schools have previously operated on an individual basis, but that the cluster system has created the opportunity for schools to interact on a regular basis. This study is timely and of national importance. I anticipate that this study will be of use to policy makers in making decisions for the future development of the cluster system.
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Runge, Wolfgang [Verfasser]. "Werkzeug Objekt : Kybernetik und Objektorientierung / Wolfgang Runge". Flensburg : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Flensburg, 2001. http://d-nb.info/1019138211/34.
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Runge, Tobias [Verfasser]. "Plasmaeigenschaften in Funkenstrecken unter Stoßstrombelastung / Tobias Runge". München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1166482596/34.
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Altoft, John (John R. ). Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "RUNES : reasoning in uncertain nested evidence spaces". Ottawa, 1990.
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Wade, Kevin Christopher. "SARK : a type-insensitive Runge-Kutta code". Thesis, University of Greenwich, 1987. http://gala.gre.ac.uk/8709/.
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A novel solution method based on Mono-implicit Runge-Kutta methods has been fully developed and analysed for the numerical solution of stiff systems of ordinary differential equations (ODE). These Backward Runge-Kutta (BRK) methods have very desirable stability properties which make them efficient for solving a certain class of ODE which are not solved adequately by current methods. These stability properties arise from applying a numerical method to the standard test problem and analysing the resulting stability function. This technique, however, fails to show the full potential of a method. With this in mind a new graphical technique has been derived that examines the methods performance on the standard test case in much greater detail. This technique allows a detailed investigation of the characteristics required for a numerical integration of highly oscillatory problems. Numerical ODE solvers are used extensively in engineering applications, where both stiff and non-stiff systems are encountered, hence a single code capable of integrating the two categories, undetected by the user, would be invaluable. The BRK methods, combined with explicit Runge-Kutta (ERK) methods, are incorporated into such a code. The code automatically determines which integrator can currently solve the problem most efficiently. A switch to the most efficient method is then made. Both methods are closely linked to ensure that overheads expended in the switching are minimal. Switching from ERK to BRK is performed by an existing stiffness detection scheme whereas switching from BRK to ERK requires a new numerical method to be devised. The new methods, called extended BRK (EBRK) methods, are based on the BRK methods but are chosen so as to possess stability properties akin to the ERK methods. To make the code more flexible the switching of order is also incorporated. Numerical results from the type-insensitive code, SARK, indicate that it performs better than the most widely used non-stiff solver and is often more efficient than a specialized stiff solver.
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McKinnon, Mika. "Landslide runout: statistical analysis of physical characteristics and model parameters". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25835.
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Landslides are treacherous, but risk management actions based on improved prediction of landslide runout can reduce casualties and damage. Forty rapid flow-like landslides of variable volume, entrainment, and composition are used to develop a volume-runout regression, which is compared to those established in previous research.
The cases are analyzed to identify the most critical characteristics observable prior to failure which differentiate between events of high and low mobility.
Mitigating long-runout flow-like landslides requires accurate hazard mapping, a task best accomplished through runout modelling.
Current practice requires back-analyzing a set of cases consistent in scope with the target event, then applying the same rheology and parameters to forward modelling. This thesis determines which aspects of scope are most important to prioritize when selecting similar cases, as volume, movement type, morphology, and material have a more substantial influence on mobility than other physical characteristics.
Statistical analysis of the performance of frictional and Voellmy rheologies over a range of parameters for the forty case studies provides the expected mean normalized runout and associated standard deviation, and recommendations for parameters to use in initial forward modelling of prospective events.
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Hekman, Keith Alan. "On-line identification of cutter runout in end milling processes". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16748.
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Dugan, Dixie L. "HRD-leadership training for women on the lower rungs of the organizational ladder : a qualitative study". CardinalScholar 1.0, 2010. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1560833.
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The purpose of this case study, HRD—Leadership Training for Women on the Lower Rungs of the Organizational Ladder: A Qualitative Study, was to determine the responses of a group of women to a series of classes on leadership development and to perceive what they might have gained from this experience. These classes were modeled after those offered by the Academy for Community Leadership and offered to a group of workers who are not normally slated for this type of training.
This study addressed the following research questions:
1. Given completion of an eight-week program introducing leadership skill enhancement opportunities, how did the participants describe this experience?
2. At the conclusion of the training, what types of leadership opportunities did participants express an interest in pursuing?
3. What barriers did participants note that might prevent them from pursuing their interests?
4. What unexpected outcomes emerged from providing the Academy for Community Leadership model of curriculum to women who typically do not have access to it?
The participants in the study were Residential Assistants working in a group home setting for an organization that provides residential services for adults with intellectual disabilities/developmental disabilities in east central Indiana. The women in the study did not hold a designated leadership position.
Through a series of eight two-hour classes the participants were introduced to various topics related to leadership such as leadership styles, teambuilding, workplace diversity, problem solving, communication and action plan development. The data collection methods included a weekly evaluation, journaling, non-participant observation and a post-session interview.
The results revealed that the participants had increased their self confidence, and they felt better prepared to do their current job. They expressed aspirations to continue their education as well as to seek promotions. They came to understand the qualities of leadership that they already possessed as well as areas for improvement.
The results of this qualitative study suggest that leadership training should be offered to groups such as CNAs, direct support professionals and others on the lower rungs of the organizational ladder who are not typically offered this type of training.Department of Educational Studies
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Acheson, Julianna 1965. "Putting rungs on the ladder: Portuguese emigration, return migration and the restructuring of northern rural society". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291963.
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This thesis examines the impact of emigration and return migration on sending communities of northwestern Portugal. Literature about recent trends in Portuguese emigration to central Europe is reviewed. Historical, political, economic and social factors are considered "push" and "pull" forces for both emigration and return migration. I demonstrate that emigration has resulted in altering the traditional social structure. I argue there are two cohort groups, first and second generation emigrants, which have different economic interests and which must be treated differently by policy makers concerned with agriculture. This thesis also contributes to the dialogue about the World systems Paradigm by demonstrating that emigration to a "core" has long term, substantial gains for the "periphery".
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Vakili, Soheyl. "Analysis of water cooling process of steel strips on runout table". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/37671.
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This study engages in the thermal analysis of water jet cooling of a hot moving steel strip on a run-out table. General 3D FE programs are developed for the direct and inverse heat transfer analysis. Studies show that gradient-based inverse algorithms suffer from high sensitivity to measurement noise and instability in small time steps. These two shortcomings limit their application in modeling of the real problems.
Artificial neural network (ANN), genetic algorithm (GA), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) methods are applied to the inverse heat conduction problem in order to overcome the challenges faced by the gradient-based methods. Among them, GA and PSO are found to be effective. CRPSO, a variation of PSO, shows the best computational performance. However, compared to the gradient-based methods, these algorithms are very slow. Thus, a set of modifications were performed in this research to accelerate their convergence rate. Sequential formulation using the future time steps, multi-objective optimization, and inexact pre-evaluation using surrogate models are some of these modifications.
Inverse analysis of experimental data shows that heat transfer behavior on the plate is mainly a function of the surface temperature, and can be categorized into three zones: High, mid, and low temperature. The effects of jet line configuration, jet line spacing, and plate moving speed were studied. The most uniform distribution happens in the case of fully staggered configuration. In higher jet line distances, the interaction effects become less significant, and a more uniform distribution is observed. The plate speed affects the heat transfer rate under the impingement point for the higher surface temperatures. In the high entry temperatures, the impingement heat transfer rate is lower when the plate is moving at a higher velocity. The plate speed does not significantly change the heat transfer behavior in the parallel flow zone.
Finally, the results of the heat transfer analysis were coupled with the microstructure and structure fields, to study the thermal stresses and deflection occurring in the strips during the cooling process. It was found that fully-staggered jet configuration, larger spacing between jet lines, and lower plate speeds result in a less deformed steel strip.
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Loney, D. W. "Improved process control in the cooling systems applied to runout tables". Thesis, Swansea University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637947.
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Efficient production of increasingly popular high strength steel grades necessitates not just the ability to achieve a required coiling temperature, but to closely control the cooling path. The runout table plays an important role in producing steel strip which consistently meets precisely specified mechanical properties. Close inspection of the present control system used on British Steel Strip Products' Port Talbot Work's hot strip mill runout table showed that the main source of error within the system was inaccuracy in the temperature predictions used by the control system. These predictions were used as the basis for the feedfoward control system. Trials were carried out to assess the viability of using artificial neural network models instead of the present conventional mathematical model in order to increase the accuracy of temperature predictions. A methodology was developed so that data taken from the runout table could be used to build artificial neural networks capable of modelling the cooling that took place. The method used to select the training data was seen to be very important in obtaining an accurate model. Using this artificial neural network approach it was possible to develop models that were capable of predicting temperatures for groups of coils of similar grade material. The accuracy of these predictions were in general similar to the predictions provided by the present on-line model, and for one group of carbon manganese grades, they were significantly better. Finally, the overall conclusion from this work is that this approach in modelling the runout table cooling is a viable alternative in providing an on-line model, and details are given of the further work needed in order to fully optimise the benefits and reduce the risks associated with altering the present control system.
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Tilumanywa, Verdiana T. "Land use and livelihood changes in the Mount Rungwe ecosystem, Tanzania". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85786.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Mount Rungwe ecosystem (MRE) has unique mountain resources. Its biological, hydrological, economic and cultural endowments offer many development opportunities for Tanzania. Since the 1970s, the MRE has experienced change in land use and means of acquiring livelihoods, calling for scientific investigation into the extent, nature, and magnitude of land use changes and their implications for communities’ livelihoods. The aim of the study was to investigate the major changes in land use, to identify the drivers responsible for these changes and to establish the interrelationship between land use change and communities’ livelihoods in order to suggest desirable management options towards improving rural livelihoods and the ecological integrity of MRE. A research design that integrates both qualitative and quantitative approaches was adopted. The fieldwork involved six villages representative of three ecological zones and 384 respondents were interviewed. Information on the past and present land uses, policies, institutions and processes that have influenced and are influencing land use change in the area was obtained through questionnaires, interviews, field observation, and analysis of documents. Satellite imagery of 1973, 1986, 1991 and 2010 were analysed for spatial and temporal statistics on land use and change. The findings indicate that MRE is experiencing land conversions from one land use category to the other especially in villages of the highland zone. Government policies on the use of and access to forests, agricultural land and energy have contributed to the past and current land use changes. Demographic, cultural, economic and natural factors singly or cumulatively have also induced changes in land use in MRE. Most of the changes in land use were noted between 1991 and 2010. At the district level there was a significant decrease in natural vegetation, particularly bushland and woodland, and an increase in cultivated land. Intensification of agricultural land use was more in the villages of the highland zone than in the middleland and lowland zones. Villages of the lowland zone showed a decline of cultivated land area, particularly in the tree crops category, and a constant or declining trend of the natural vegetation coverage – especially grasslands and woodlands. To reduce unplanned farm expansions into areas of natural vegetation, it is recommended that the Ministry of Agriculture should re-emphasise intercropping practices and provide extension services targeting crops such as potatoes and bananas which are now commercialised. This would be a step towards improving agricultural land productivity and addressing local food security. The ministry of Energy and Minerals could finance the ongoing tree planting efforts by local communities and enhance the use of more efficient charcoal stoves so as not only to protect the remaining forests but also as a way of diversifying the communities’ livelihoods.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Mount Rungwe ekosisteem (MRE) het 'n unieke berggebaseerde hulpbronbasis. Sy biologiese, hidrologiese, ekonomiese en kulturele erfenis bied vele ontwikkelingsgeleenthede vir Tanzanië. Sedert die 1970s het die MRE verandering in grondgebruik ervaar wat implikasies inhou vir bestaanswyses van sy bewoners. Daarom vereis die veranderingsverskynsel wetenskaplike ondersoek na die omvang en aard van grondgebruikveranderinge en die implikasies daarvan vir gemeenskappe se lewensbestaan. Die doel van die studie was om ondersoek in te stel na die belangrikste veranderinge in grondgebruik en om die drywers verantwoordelik vir hierdie veranderinge te identifiseer en die onderlinge verband tussen die verandering in grondgebruik en gemeenskappe se lewensbestaan te identifiseer. Daaruit word wenslike bestuursopsies duidelik vir die verbetering van landelike bestaansmoontlikhede en die handhawing van ekologiese integriteit van die MRE. 'n Navorsingsontwerp wat beide kwalitatiewe en kwantitatiewe benaderings integreer is gekies. Vir veldwerk is ses dorpe in drie ekologiese sones ondersoek en 384 respondente is ondervra. Inligting oor die grondgebruike, -veranderings, beleide, instellings en prosesse wat die gebied beïnvloed het, is verkry deur middel van vraelyste, onderhoude, veldwaarneming, en dokumentontleding. Satellietbeelde van 1973, 1986, 1991 en 2010 is ontleed vir ruimtelike en temporale patrone van grondgebruik en verandering. Die bevindinge dui daarop dat die MRE grondgebruik-omskakeling van verskillende kategorieë na ander in veral die hooglandsone ervaar. Regeringsbeleid oor die gebruik en toegang tot natuurlike woude, landbougrond en energiebronne het bygedra tot hierdie grondgebruike en hul veranderinge. Demografiese, kulturele, ekonomiese en omgewingsfaktore, enkel of kumulatief, het ook tot die veranderinge bygedra. Die meeste van die veranderinge in grondgebruik is tussen 1991 en 2010 aangeteken. Op distriksvlak het byvoorbeeld natuurlike plantegroei, veral bosveld en woud, beduidend oor die studietydperk afgeneem, terwyl die bewerkte grondoppervlak sterk toegeneem het. Intensivering van landbougrondgebruik was meer intens in die dorpe van die hooglandsone in vergelyking met die middelland en laer sones. Dorpe van die laer sone het weer 'n afname van bewerkte grond, veral boomagtige gewasse, en 'n konstante of dalende tendens van die natuurlike plantegroei ervaar – veral gras- en bosveld. Om ongewenste plaasuitbreidings na gebiede van natuurlike plantegroei te voorkom, beveel die studie aan dat die landbouministerie weer klem plaas op praktyk vir tussenverbouing van gewasse en voorligtingsdienste voorsien vir die verbouing van gekommersialiseerde gewasse soos aartappels en piesangs. Dit sou die verbetering van die landbou-produktiwiteit en die verhoging van plaaslike voedselsekuriteit in die hand werk. Die energieministerie behoort origens deurlopende boomplant-aksies deur plaaslike gemeenskappe te stimuleer deur verskaffing van finansies en moet die gebruik van meer doeltreffende houtskool stowe aanmoedig. Dit sal die oorblywende woude help beskerm en is ook 'n manier om die gemeenskappe se lewensonderhoudstelsels te diversifiseer en te verbeter.
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Macdougall, Thomas Anthony. "Global error estimators for explicit Runge-Kutta methods". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ28227.pdf.
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Runge, Jörn [Verfasser]. "Modellierung von Windenergieanlagen für die Netzberechnung / Jörn Runge". Aachen : Shaker, 2008. http://d-nb.info/1162792760/34.
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Storer, Geoffrey. "Global error estimation for Runge-Kutta-Nystrom processes". Thesis, Teesside University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.258774.
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Tanner, Gregory Mark. "Generalized additive Runge-Kutta methods for stiff odes". Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6507.
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In many applications, ordinary differential equations can be additively partitioned
\[y'=f(y)=\sum_{m=1}^{N}\f{}{m}(y).]
It can be advantageous to discriminate between the different parts of the right-hand side according to stiffness, nonlinearity, evaluation cost, etc. In 2015, Sandu and G\"{u}nther \cite{sandu2015gark} introduced Generalized Additive Runge-Kutta (GARK) methods which are given by
\begin{eqnarray*}
Y_{i}^{\{q\}} & = & y_{n}+h\sum_{m=1}^{N}\sum_{j=1}^{s^{\{m\}}}a_{i,j}^{\{q,m\}}f^{\{m\}}\left(Y_{j}^{\{m\}}\right)\\
& & \text{for } i=1,\dots,s^{\{q\}},\,q=1,\dots,N\\
y_{n+1} & = & y_{n}+h\sum_{m=1}^{N}\sum_{j=1}^{s^{\{m\}}}b_{j}^{\{m\}}f^{\{m\}}\left(Y_{j}^{\{m\}}\right)\end{eqnarray*}
with the corresponding generalized Butcher tableau
\[\begin{array}{c|ccc} \c{}{1} & \A{1,1} & \cdots & \A{1,N}\\\vdots & \vdots & \ddots & \vdots\\
\c{}{N} & \A{N,1} & \cdots & \A{N,N}\\\hline & \b{}{1} & \cdots & \b{}{N}\end{array}\]
The diagonal blocks $\left(\A{q,q},\b{}{q},\c{}{q}\right)$ can be chosen for example from standard Runge-Kutta methods, and the off-diagonal blocks $\A{q,m},\:q\neq m,$ act as coupling coefficients between the underlying methods. The case when $N=2$ and both diagonal blocks are implicit methods (IMIM) is examined.
This thesis presents order conditions and simplifying assumptions that can be used to choose the off-diagonal coupling blocks for IMIM methods. Error analysis is performed for stiff problems of the form
\begin{eqnarray*}\dot{y} & = & f(y,z)\\
\epsilon\dot{z} & = & g(y,z)\end{eqnarray*}
with small stiffness parameter $\epsilon.$ As $\epsilon\to 0,$ the problem reduces to an index 1 differential algebraic equation provided
$g_{z}(y,z)$ is invertible in a neighborhood of the solution. A tree theory is developed for IMIM methods applied to the reduced problem. Numerical results will be presented for several IMIM methods applied to the Van der Pol equation.
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Widman, Linnea. "Från det imaginära till normala familjer : Analytiska konvergenser". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-59771.
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I komplex analys finns det ett antal olika konvergenser varav vi tittar närmare på några här. Bland annat hur likformig konvergens medför punktvis konvergens men att det omvända ej gäller. Vi tittar också på vad de har för samband med lokal likformig konvergens och normal konvergens dvs. likformig konvergens på kompakta delmängder. Slutligen kommer vi att se på vad som gäller för familjer och kommer då in på lokalt begränsad, ekvikontinuitet, Arzela/Ascoli, Montels och Runges satser. Vi kommer här även se exempel på hur stort fel det egentligen kan bli för punktvisa konvergenta följder. De får normalt inte en gränsfunktion som är analytisk men vi ser både i Exempel 3.19 och Korollarium 3.23 att dessa ger resultat som är analytiska nästan överallt.This report will describe four different types of convergence. The types described are pointwise, local uniformly, uniformly and normal convergence. The different convergences are explored in a way of how they relate to each other. Finally this report will also investigate how this applies to normal families and the theories of Arzela/Ascoli, Montel and Runge. We will here see examples of how wrong it really can go for pointwise convergent sequences. They do usually not have a limit that is analytic but from both Example 3.19 and Corollary 3.23 we will see that they give functions that in fact are analytic almost everywhere.
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Fahr, Mignon. "As Runs the Deer". ScholarWorks@UNO, 2003. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/11.
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These eleven chapters comprise Part One of a novel of thirty-seven chapters, entitled As Runs the Deer. It is a dialectic play on the processes of Time, as well as a play with evolving dialects. Nominally set in the 19th c., in an Appalachian-like terrain, it shows the difficulties James Ian Pierson meets when emerging out of his wilderness to re-enter his former life. Opening his own story by means of his sycamore cane, the 19- yr.-old amnesiac must soon reconcile his past with the invading "Now!" He evades the intrusion of a drunken hunter, is overcome by the wintry elements, brought from his icebed by Welsh woodsman Eustace, befriended by Mercury, ancient herbalist, keeper of the Myths. Frivolous Emily Marie Marchault must also reconcile herself with Ian's uneasy re-entry. Shackled by gilded chains of manners, she sees herself as overprotected by her guardian, Breton, and chips away at his ivory tower.
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Palm, Rune. "Runor och regionalitet : studier av variation i de nordiska minneskrifterna /". Uppsala : Uppsala Univ, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35749223g.
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Doktorsavhandling--Institutionen för nordiska språk--Stockholm, 1992.Mention parallèle de titre ou de responsabilité : Runes and regionality : studies of variation in the Scandinavian commemorative inscriptions. Résumé en anglais.
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Åhlén, Marit. "Runristaren Öpir : en monografi /". Uppsala : Uppsala univ, 1997. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb36698569c.
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Seim, Karin Fjellhammer. "De vestnordiske futhark-innskriftene fra vikingtid og middelalder : form og funksjon /". Trondheim : Univ, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37624005g.
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Stille, Per. "Runstenar och runristare i det vikingatida fjädrundaland : en studie i attribuering /". Uppsala : Uppsala univ, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37678896t.
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Giliberto, Concetta. "Le iscrizioni runiche sullo sfundo della cultura frisone altomedievale /". Göppingen : Kümmerle, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38907982c.
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Larsson, Patrik. "Yrrunan : användning och ljudvärde i nordiska runinskrifter /". Uppsala : Institutionen för nordiska språk, Uppsala universitet, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb391415901.
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Aaron, Jordan Balfour. "Advancement and calibration of a 3D numerical model for landslide runout analysis". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/63355.
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Rapid landslides pose a significant hazard worldwide, and there is currently no routine way of predicting the impact area and velocities of these catastrophic events. Increased development in marginal areas is changing the landslide risk in many parts of the world. There is an urgent need for practical methods to predict the motion of these tragic events to cope with this changing risk. Practical methods currently in use rely on simplified landslide statistics that have a high degree of uncertainty, and are often unable to predict landslide velocities. The focus of this thesis is on developing practical methods to reliably predict the motion of rapid landslides so that public safety in landslide prone areas can be improved.
This thesis makes extensive use of runout modelling in order to analyse the motion of rock avalanches, debris avalanches and flowslides. The work presented here can be broadly divided into two categories; the development of new tools and techniques to model flow-like landslide motion, and the compilation and analysis of a database of case histories. The new tools include: 1) A new rheology appropriate for the simulation of liquefied materials; 2) A new dynamic model to simulate the initially-coherent motion of some rock and debris avalanches; 3) Two new calibration methodologies.
These techniques were then applied to a database of rock avalanches, debris avalanches and flowslide case histories in order to infer movement mechanisms and give guidance for forward prediction. The main findings include: 1) The character of the path materials is a plausible explanation for the mechanism governing rock avalanche motion. Based on this, a probabilistic framework to predict rock avalanche motion was suggested; 2) A back-analysis of a fatal debris avalanche that occurred in British Columbia in 2012 revealed that this flow was likely moving in an undrained condition, which had significant implications for the analysis of its motion; 3) It was found that flowslides can occur in fine grained colluvium, and this material should be recognized as potentially liquefiable.Medicine, Faculty of
Graduate
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Stumpp, Thomas. "Integration stark gedämpfter mechanischer Systeme mit Runge-Kutta-Verfahren". [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=971542597.
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Ijaz, Muhammad. "Implicit runge-kutta methods to simulate unsteady incompressible flows". Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85850.
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A numerical method (SIMPLE DIRK Method) for unsteady incompressible
viscous flow simulation is presented. The proposed method can be used to achieve
arbitrarily high order of accuracy in time-discretization which is otherwise limited to
second order in majority of the currently used simulation techniques. A special class of
implicit Runge-Kutta methods is used for time discretization in conjunction with finite
volume based SIMPLE algorithm. The algorithm was tested by solving for velocity field
in a lid-driven square cavity. In the test case calculations, power law scheme was used in
spatial discretization and time discretization was performed using a second-order implicit
Runge-Kutta method. Time evolution of velocity profile along the cavity centerline was
obtained from the proposed method and compared with that obtained from a commercial
computational fluid dynamics software program, FLUENT 6.2.16. Also, steady state
solution from the present method was compared with the numerical solution of Ghia, Ghia,
and Shin and that of Erturk, Corke, and Goökçöl. Good agreement of the solution of the
proposed method with the solutions of FLUENT; Ghia, Ghia, and Shin; and Erturk, Corke,
and Goökçöl establishes the feasibility of the proposed method.
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Wang, Runyu [Verfasser]. "International Law on Antarctic Mineral Resource Exploitation / Runyu Wang". Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1136247912/34.
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Fletcher, Matthew T. "Discovery and optimization of low-storage Runge-Kutta methods". Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45852.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedRunge-Kutta (RK) methods are an important family of iterative methods for approximating the solutions of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and differential algebraic equations (DAEs). It is common to use an RK method to discretize in time when solving time dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) with a method-of-lines approach as in Maxwell’s Equations. Different types of PDEs are discretized in such a way that could result in a high dimensional ODE or DAE.We use a low-storage RK (LSRK) method that stores two registers per ODE dimension, which limits the impact of increased storage requirements. Classical RK methods, however, have one storage variable per stage. In this thesis we compare the efficiency and accuracy of LSRK methods to RK methods. We then focus on optimizing the truncation error coefficients for LSRK to discover new methods. Reusing the tools from the optimization method, we discover new methods for low-storage half-explicit RK (LSHERK) methods for solving DAEs.
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Ohl, Clifford Owen Groome. "Free surface disturbances and nonlinear runup around offshore structures". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:320ff8da-c225-40da-a7dd-d6cf55c97b51.
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Diffraction of regular waves, focused wave groups, and random seas by arrays of vertical bottom mounted circular cylinders is investigated using theoretical, computational, and experimental methods. Free surface elevation η is the defining variable used to test the potential theory developed. In addition, the nonlinearity of focused wave groups is investigated through the Creamer nonlinear transform and analysis of numerical wave tank data. Linear focused wave group theory is reviewed as a method for predicting the probable shape of extreme events from random wave spectra. The Creamer nonlinear transform, a realistic model for steep waves on deep water, is applied in integral form to simulate nonlinear focused wave groups. In addition, the transform is used to facilitate analysis of nonlinear wave-wave interactions within focused wave groups from a uni-directional numerical wave tank developed at Imperial College London. Experiments in an offshore wave basin at HR Wallingford are designed to measure free surface elevation at multiple locations in the vicinity of a multicolumn structure subjected to regular and irregular waves for a range of frequencies and steepness. Results from regular wave data analysis for first order amplitudes are compared to analytical linear diffraction theory, which is shown to be accurate for predicting incident waves of low steepness. However, second and third order responses are also computed, and the effects in the vicinity of a second order near trapping frequency are compared to semi-analytical second order diffraction theory. Analytical linear diffraction theory is extended for application to focused wave groups and random seas. Experimental irregular wave data are analysed for comparison with this theory. Linear diffraction theory for random seas is shown to give an excellent prediction of incident wave spectral diffraction, while linear diffraction theory for focused wave groups works well for linearised extreme events.
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Lui, Ho Man. "Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method for the Boltzmann equation". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39215.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Computation for Design and Optimization Program, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-87).
In this thesis we investigate the ability of the Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin (RKDG) method to provide accurate and efficient solutions of the Boltzmann equation. Solutions of the Boltzmann equation are desirable in connection to small scale science and technology because when characteristic flow length scales become of the order of, or smaller than, the molecular mean free path, the Navier-Stokes description fails. The prevalent Boltzmann solution method is a stochastic particle simulation scheme known as Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC). Unfortunately, DSMC is not very effective in low speed flows (typical of small scale devices of interest) because of the high statistical uncertainty associated with the statistical sampling of macroscopic quantities employed by this method. This work complements the recent development of an efficient low noise method for calculating the collision integral of the Boltzmann equation, by providing a high-order discretization method for the advection operator balancing the collision integral in the Boltzmann equation. One of the most attractive features of the RKDG method is its ability to combine high-order accuracy, both in physical space and time, with the ability to capture discontinuous solutions.
(cont.) The validity of this claim is thoroughly investigated in this thesis. It is shown that, for a model collisionless Boltzmann equation, high-order accuracy can be achieved for continuous solutions; whereas for discontinuous solutions, the RKDG method, with or without the application of a slope limiter such as a viscosity limiter, displays high-order accuracy away from the vicinity of the discontinuity. Given these results, we developed a RKDG solution method for the Boltzmann equation by formulating the collision integral as a source term in the advection equation. Solutions of the Boltzmann equation, in the form of mean velocity and shear stress, are obtained for a number of characteristic flow length scales and compared to DSMC solutions. With a small number of elements and a low order of approximation in physical space, the RKDG method achieves similar results to the DSMC method. When the characteristic flow length scale is small compared to the mean free path (i.e. when the effect of collisions is small), oscillations are present in the mean velocity and shear stress profiles when a coarse velocity space discretization is used. With a finer velocity space discretization, the oscillations are reduced, but the method becomes approximately five times more computationally expensive.
(cont.) We show that these oscillations (due to the presence of propagating discontinuities in the distribution function) can be removed using a viscosity limiter at significantly smaller computational cost.
by Ho Man Lui.
S.M.
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Runge, Charlotte [Verfasser]. "Molekulargenetische Ursachen von mentaler Retardierung mit Epilepsie / Charlotte Runge". Lübeck : Zentrale Hochschulbibliothek Lübeck, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1047115670/34.
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