Artículos de revistas: "Rough seas"

1

VAGG, JON. "ROUGH SEAS?" British Journal of Criminology 35, n.º 1 (1995): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a048489.

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2

DAGANI, RON. "ROUGH SEAS AHEAD". Chemical & Engineering News 85, n.º 14 (2 de abril de 2007): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n014.p013.

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3

Künkler, Mirjam, Hanna Lerner y Shylashri Shankar. "Constitutionalism in Rough Seas". American Behavioral Scientist 60, n.º 8 (26 de mayo de 2016): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764216643806.

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4

Winduo, Steven Edmund. "Gutsini Posa (Rough seas) (review)". Contemporary Pacific 12, n.º 2 (2000): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2000.0070.

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5

JOHNSON, JEFF. "ROUGH SEAS FOR ENERGY BILLS". Chemical & Engineering News 85, n.º 26 (25 de junio de 2007): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v085n026.p012a.

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6

Hockenbery, David M. "Forecast: Rough Seas for Leukemia". Cancer Discovery 4, n.º 3 (marzo de 2014): 278–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.cd-14-0084.

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7

Kragh, Ed y Robert Laws. "Rough seas and statistical deconvolution". Geophysical Prospecting 54, n.º 4 (julio de 2006): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2478.2006.00549.x.

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8

Lacey, Marcia. "Staying Afloat on Rough Seas". Journal - American Water Works Association 101, n.º 4 (abril de 2009): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2009.tb09869.x.

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9

Liu, Xing Bo y Wan Zheng Ai. "Analysis of Torsion Vibration with Safety Navigation Countermeasures under the Condition of Rough Seas and Storms". Applied Mechanics and Materials 327 (junio de 2013): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.327.263.

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Rough seas can bring adversely affects to ships safety navigation. Adversely affects on ship torsion vibration caused by rough seas is analyzed, and measures to decrease these adversely affects is also put forward as to provide references for seaman in this paper.

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10

Elizabeth Bush. "On Rough Seas (review)". Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 61, n.º 10 (2008): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.0.0145.

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11

Laws, Robert y Ed Kragh. "Rough seas and time-lapse seismic". Geophysical Prospecting 50, n.º 2 (marzo de 2002): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2478.2002.00311.x.

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12

Zeki, Semir. "The Rough Seas of Cortical Cartography". Trends in Neurosciences 41, n.º 5 (mayo de 2018): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.005.

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13

Shorvon, Simon y Philip A. Schwartzkroin. "Epilepsiaand the rough seas of medical publishing". Epilepsia 54, n.º 6 (junio de 2013): 955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/epi.12149.

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14

Pfeifer, Gail M. "Rough Seas Across the Pond for UK Nurses". AJN, American Journal of Nursing 113, n.º 7 (julio de 2013): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000431908.19731.3a.

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15

Bergin, Anthony. "East Asian naval developments—sailing into rough seas". Marine Policy 26, n.º 2 (marzo de 2002): 121–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-597x(01)00043-4.

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16

McCullough, Daniel R., Bryn L. Jones, Oscar J. G. Villarreal y J. A. Rossiter. "Towards Control of Autonomous Surface Vehicles in Rough Seas". IFAC-PapersOnLine 53, n.º 2 (2020): 14692–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1832.

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17

Yu, Yawen, Jane R. Yank, Sebastien Villard y Thomas A. Stoffregen. "Postural Activity and Visual Vigilance Performance During Rough Seas". Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine 81, n.º 9 (1 de septiembre de 2010): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/asem.2768.2010.

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18

Sariöz, K., M. Atlar, E. Sariöz, M. D. Woodward y R. Sampson. "Operability of fast podded RoPax vessels in rough seas". Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 219, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2005): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/147509005x10477.

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Methods are described for the evaluation of the seakeeping performance of a fast RoPax vessel driven by podded propulsors in the North Sea environment. The evaluation procedure is based on the responses of the vessel in regular waves, the wave conditions encountered, and the limiting values associated with the vessel's mission. The seakeeping performance is represented by the average attainable speed (AAS), which is defined as the ratio of the average speed of the vessel on a specified route to the calm water speed. Both the natural (due to the added wave resistance) and the voluntary (due to the excessive ship responses) speed losses are taken into account. The annual average speed of the fast RoPax design in the North Sea is evaluated and compared with that of a similar size conventional RoPax vessel. The results indicate that, despite its 20 per cent smaller displacement, the fast RoPax design, in general, has better seakeeping performance characteristics than that of the conventional design. The effect of podded propulsors on the average annual speed is also investigated and it is found that the presence of podded propulsors can have favourable effects on the seakeeping performance characteristics, particularly on the vertical plane responses.

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19

Inman, Megan y M. R. Rose. "Batten Down the Hatches! Collection Management in Rough Seas". Serials Review 46, n.º 3 (2 de julio de 2020): 190–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.2020.1806650.

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20

Vaughters, T. G. y M. F. Mardiros. "Joint Logistics Over the Shore Operations in Rough Seas". Naval Engineers Journal 109, n.º 3 (mayo de 1997): 385–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1997.tb03235.x.

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21

Shibata, Kazuya, Seiichi Koshizuka, Mikio Sakai y Katsuji Tanizawa. "Lagrangian simulations of ship-wave interactions in rough seas". Ocean Engineering 42 (marzo de 2012): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2012.01.016.

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22

Mizokami, Shuji, Hironori Yasukawa, Takao Kuroiwa, Hidetoshi Sueoka, Shinichi Nishimura y Satoshi Miyazaki. "Wave Load on a Container Ship in Rough Seas". Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 2001, n.º 189 (2001): 181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.2001.181.

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23

Ogawa, Yoshitaka, Ryoju Matsunami, Makiko Minami, Katsuji Tanizawa, Makoto Arai, Atsushi Kumano y Ryuji Miyake. "Flare slamming of large container carrier in rough seas". Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 2002, n.º 192 (2002): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.2002.191.

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24

Senjanović, I., G. Ciprić y J. Parunov. "Survival analysis of fishing vessels rolling in rough seas". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 358, n.º 1771 (15 de junio de 2000): 1943–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2000.0622.

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25

KABASAKAL, H. "Historical and contemporary records of the angular rough shark Oxynotus centrina (Chondrichthyes; Oxynotidae) in Turkish waters". Mediterranean Marine Science 11, n.º 2 (1 de octubre de 2010): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.84.

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During the last 58 years, only 12 angular rough sharks were recorded in Turkish waters. Rare captures of the species in the area needs an immediate action for the conservation of O. centrina. To protect the habitat of O. centrina, strict regulations should be implemented for diving in the localities, where the angular rough sharks occur regularly. Protecting the habitat of the angular rough shark is an urgent need before subjecting O. centrina to 100% protection in the seas of Turkey.

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26

Konuk, Tugrul y Jeffrey Shragge. "Modeling full-wavefield time-varying sea-surface effects on seismic data: A mimetic finite-difference approach". GEOPHYSICS 85, n.º 2 (9 de enero de 2020): T45—T55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0181.1.

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Seismic-data processing flows often ignore spatial and temporal variations in the sea surface during marine seismic acquisition by assuming a flat free surface. However, weather patterns during data acquisition can generate rough sea conditions, which can significantly influence seismic full-wavefield source behavior, including ghost reflections and surface-related multiples, by introducing spatial and temporal distortions of the seismic wavelet. To investigate the effects of rough seas on seismic wave propagation, we have developed and solved a new acoustic wave equation using a mimetic finite-difference time-domain (MFDTD) scheme that uses a dynamic (i.e., moving) generalized coordinate system defined to be conformal to the assumed known time-varying free surface. This “sea-surface” coordinate system allows us to model the full dynamic effects associated with this complex boundary condition. Numerical examples demonstrate that the developed MFDTD method can accurately simulate seismic wavefield propagation on a moving mesh for significant wave heights of 5 m and beyond, and it is thus a reliable tool for applications involving modeling, processing, imaging, and inversion of seismic data acquired in rough seas.

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27

Ohtsubo, Hideomi, Takao Kuroiwa y Yoshiyuki Yamamoto. "Structural Response of Ships among Rough Seas (1 st Report)". Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 1985, n.º 157 (1985): 391–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1985.391.

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28

Guo, Jiunn-Liang y Gin-Shuh Liang. "Sailing into rough seas: Taiwan's women seafarers' career development struggle". Women's Studies International Forum 35, n.º 4 (julio de 2012): 194–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2012.03.016.

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29

Cho, Yong Jun. "Development of Physics-Based Morphology Model with an Emphasis on the Interaction of Incoming Waves with Transient Bed Profile due to Scouring and Accretion using Dynamic Mesh". Korea Society of Coastal Disaster Prevention 8, n.º 4 (30 de octubre de 2021): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20481/kscdp.2021.8.4.211.

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A physics-based morphology model [Seoul Foam] was developed using the dynamic mesh technique to explain the interaction between the sea bed, which undergoes deformation due to siltation and scouring, and the incoming waves. In doing so, OlaFlow, an Open Foam-based toolbox, was used as a hydrodynamic model. To verify the proposed physically-based morphology [Seoul Foam] in this study, numerical simulations of the shoaling process over the beach of the uniform slope were implemented. The numerical result shows that the formation process of a sand bar over the foreshore was successfully simulated. As can be easily anticipated, the size of the sand bar was closely linked to the nature of incoming waves, and in the case of a rough sea, the foreshore slope was rapidly deformed due to scouring. In mild seas, several sand waves were formed near the shoreline, and when the exposure time was the same, the size of the sand waves was not as large as in rough seas.

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30

Valenti, Michael. "Stealth on the Water". Mechanical Engineering 123, n.º 01 (1 de enero de 2001): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2001-jan-4.

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The Swedish Navy’s Visby corvette is designed to be virtually invisible in pursuit of hostile submarines and underwater mines. The Visby is designed to be difficult to detect by an enemy using radar, infrared, hydro-acoustic monitoring or any other sensor system. The craft’s success could change naval warfare as profoundly as did the ironclad ships in the 19th century. Sweden’s YS2000 class corvette, the first known production naval stealth vessel, takes shape at Kockums’ shipyard on Karlskrona Island. The Kockums shipwrights designed the Visby to be electronically undetectable at a range greater than 13 km in rough seas, and at more than 22 km in calm seas, without electronic jamming. With the assistance of jamming, the Visby is invisible at more than 8 km in rough waters and 11 km in a calm sea. Computing Devices Canada also designed a monitoring system so that the Visby can perform a background check on its own vibration levels to ensure that the ship’s sound is within acceptable levels.

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31

Probyn, Elspeth. "Doing cultural studies in rough seas: the COVID-19 ocean multiple". Cultural Studies 35, n.º 2-3 (4 de mayo de 2021): 557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2021.1898032.

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32

HONDA, Hideki, Yoshio SHIOZAKI, Hiroshi HORIUCHI y Kazuo TSUJIOKA. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WAVE ABSORBING CAISSON BREAKWATER FOR ROUGH SEAS". PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 16 (2000): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.16.245.

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33

Kusyk, Sophia. "Learning to Navigate the Rough Seas of Ethics: Unmasking the Myths". IESE Insight, n.º 5 (15 de junio de 2010): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/002.art-1788.

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34

Suzuki, Kazuo y Yoshiyuki Yamamoto. "Surging Motion and Longitudinal Strength of a Ship in Rough Seas". Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Japan 1986, n.º 160 (1986): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1968.1986.160_237.

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35

Menachof, David A. "Smooth Sailing or Rough Seas: The Future of International Liner Shipping". Journal of Transportation Management 17, n.º 2 (1 de septiembre de 2006): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22237/jotm/1157069100.

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The last 5 years have been exciting for the world of international liner shipping. Mergers, new and larger vessels, charter rates becoming more volatile and demand continuing to increase are just part of this world of liner shipping. This article is an attempt to highlight some of the issues that will be affecting international shipping in the forthcoming years. At its best, this article will be right on the money. At its worst, readers will look back at this article and wonder how the author could have been so wrong. More likely is that some things will occur as predicted, while others have not even been thought of yet.

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36

Hsu, S. A., Yijun He y Hui Shen. "Buoy Measurements of Wind–Wave Relations during Hurricane Matthew in 2016". Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, n.º 10 (octubre de 2017): 2603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0280.1.

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AbstractStudies suggested that neutral-stability wind speed at 10 m U10 ≥ 9 m s −1 and wave steepness Hs/Lp ≥ 0.020 can be taken as criteria for aerodynamically rough ocean surface and the onset of a wind sea, respectively; here, Hs is the significant wave height, and Lp is the peak wavelength. Based on these criteria, it is found that, for the growing wind seas when the wave steepness increases with time during Hurricane Matthew in 2016 before the arrival of its center, the dimensionless significant wave height and peak period is approximately linearly related, resulting in U10 = 35Hs/Tp; here, Tp is the dominant or peak wave period. This proposed wind–wave relation for aerodynamically rough flow over the wind seas is further verified under Hurricane Ivan and North Sea storm conditions. However, after the passage of Matthew’s center, when the wave steepness was nearly steady, a power-law relation between the dimensionless wave height and its period prevailed with its exponent equal to 1.86 and a very high correlation coefficient of 0.97.

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37

Vinayak, Patil Prasad, Chelladurai Sree Krishna Prabu, Nagarajan Vishwanath y Sha Om Prakash. "NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SHIP NAVIGATION IN ROUGH SEAS BASED ON ECMWF DATA". Brodogradnja 72, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2021): 19–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21278/brod72102.

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Recently, several changes have been observed in the Earth’s environment. This is also applicable to the ocean environment. The concept of weather routing has been applied for ship navigation for a long time. Many service providers offer weather routing service with the availability of high-quality satellite data. Unfortunately, not much information is available in the public domain as to how much the recent change in the weather pattern has affected ship navigation. The purpose of this paper is to fill this information gap. We investigate the influence of recent changes in the ocean environment on ship navigation. Weather data from ECMWF, namely ERA-Interim, is used for this purpose. The ECMWF data for the last 27 years is analysed. We compute the statistical characteristics of this data for the first 10 years, last 10 years, and 27 years. The statistical characteristics of the data are determined based on “summer” and “winter” zones as defined by international maritime regulations. Six different worldwide commercial ship routes are selected covering all the ocean regions. Navigation on great ellipse with waypoint is considered. MMG type ship manoeuvring model for 3 different ship types (DTMB 5415, PCC, VLCC) is used. The added resistance due to wave, wind and the effort of keeping the ship on the desired course using autopilot in the rough ocean environment is included in the MMG model. The fuel consumption and the duration of each one of the voyage are computed. Based on the analysis and simulation results it is shown that: (i) The mean wave height, wave period, and wind speed has increased in some ocean zones and decreased in other ocean zones. If any change has occurred, it is uniform for both seasons (summer and winter). (ii) In which ocean regions there is a perceptible change in fuel consumption, average ship speed and voyage time due to the changes in the weather pattern. (iii) The changing weather pattern in different ocean zones affects each ship type differently.

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38

Mahini, Farshad, Leonard DiWilliams, Kevin Burke y Hashem Ashrafiuon. "An experimental setup for autonomous operation of surface vessels in rough seas". Robotica 31, n.º 5 (17 de enero de 2013): 703–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574712000720.

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SUMMARYA small-scale experimental setup for autonomous target tracking of a surface vessel in the presence of obstacles is presented. The experiments are performed in simulated rough seas through wave, current, and wind generation in a small indoor pool. Absolute position of the agent and the target as well as the obstacle size and position are provided through an overhead camera by detecting color light emitting diodes installed on all objects. Ordinary differential equations with stable limit-cycle solutions are used to define transitional trajectories around obstacles based on the camera data. A sliding mode control law is implemented for real-time tracking control which is capable of rejecting large disturbances from the generated waves and wind. The sliding mode control signals are sent to wireless receivers on the autonomous vessel where a proportional integral speed controller maintains the commanded speed. A special scaling method is presented to show that the environmental forces are similar to those of moderate through high sea states. Several experiments are presented where the autonomous vessel catches and follows a target boat moving in arbitrary trajectories in both the presence and absence of obstacles.

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39

Cook, Duncan y Sally Garrett. "Somali Piracy and the Monsoon". Weather, Climate, and Society 5, n.º 4 (1 de octubre de 2013): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-13-00001.1.

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Abstract Analysis of the weather and ocean conditions during recent pirate attacks in the Indian Ocean region suggests that the transition of the summer monsoon limits maritime piracy. A comparison of all known pirate attacks in the region in 2010–11 with surface observations from Socotra and the Somali jet index during the same period indicates that pirates attacking from skiffs are thwarted when winds blow in excess of 9 m s−1. The wind speeds and sea states encountered by pirates during individual attacks were reconstructed using satellite altimetry data for 2010–11. Mean daily wind speeds of up to 20 m s−1 during the two boreal summers resulted in consistently rough seas across the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean. Surface wind speeds during pirate attacks were generally low (less than 8 m s−1), and once wind speeds exceeded 9 m s−1 no successful attacks occurred. The majority (94%) of pirate attacks took place in waves of sea state 4 or less (wave heights below 2.5 m), with pirates rarely attacking after the rough seas of the summer monsoon evolved. Wind speeds and wave heights during the winter monsoon, premonsoon [March–May (MAM)], and postmonsoon [September–November (SON)] seasons were not a deterrent for pirates operating in the Indian Ocean region.

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40

SATOH, Tsuneo, Ken ABE, Yasuhiro KUNISHIGE, Kiyoshi KOMIYAMA y Tetsuji MURAMOTO. "AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A MULTIPLE-SLIT-WALL CAISSON BREAKWATER FOR ROUGH SEAS". PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 15 (1999): 683–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.15.683.

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41

KATAOKA, Yasuto, Yasuo ICHIKAWA, Osamu OTANI, Yuji KAMIKUBO, Keisuke MURAKAMI y Isao IRIE. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON WAVE DISSIPATING STRUCTURE FOR FLARE SHAPED SEAWALL IN ROUGH SEAS". PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 15 (1999): 725–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.15.725.

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42

Ozaki, Masahiko, Yuichi Fujioka, Kazuhisa Takeuchi, Keisuke Sonoda y Osamu Tsukamoto. "Length of vertical pipes for deep-ocean sequestration of CO2 in rough seas". Energy 22, n.º 2-3 (febrero de 1997): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0360-5442(96)00121-1.

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43

Montauti, Martina. "Anchors in Rough Seas: Understanding Category Spanning as a Source of Market Coordination". Journal of Management Studies 56, n.º 4 (7 de marzo de 2019): 823–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/joms.12437.

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44

Gao, Bo, Ning Wang y Hao Zhong Wang. "Investigation of Sea Surface Effect on Shallow Water Reverberation by Coupled Mode Method". Journal of Computational Acoustics 25, n.º 02 (16 de marzo de 2017): 1750017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x17500175.

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The effects of rough sea surface on the long-range bottom reverberation in shallow seas are studied by the coupled mode reverberation theory. The scattering effect caused by irregular rough sea surface is described by couple coefficients. The decaying rules of long-range bottom reverberation level are simulated at different sea states, and the rough sea surface effect on the coherence of distant bottom reverberation is also discussed. It is indicated that irregular upper boundary has changed the propagation effect of the shallow water waveguide, and bottom reverberation, which is dominated among other kinds of reverberation in shallow water, is affected by the sea surface scattering as the increasing sea state. Compared with other literatures, the emphasis of this paper is to present the mechanism of rough sea surface scattering by describing the transfer of energy between different modes, and the details of energy transitions between different modes which are caused by sea surface scattering are presented for different sea states. With the increasing sea state, stronger mode coupling caused by surface scattering would affect the intensity and its space coherence of bottom reverberation obviously.

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45

Stirling, Ian, Evan Richardson, Gregory W. Thiemann y Andrew E. Derocher. "Unusual Predation Attempts of Polar Bears on Ringed Seals in the Southern Beaufort Sea: Possible Significance of Changing Spring Ice Conditions". ARCTIC 61, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14430/arctic3.

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In April and May 2003 through 2006, unusually rough and rafted sea ice extended for several tens of kilometres offshore in the southeastern Beaufort Sea from about Atkinson Point to the Alaska border. Hunting success of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) seeking seals was low despite extensive searching for prey. It is unknown whether seals were less abundant in comparison to other years or less accessible because they maintained breathing holes below rafted ice rather than snowdrifts, or whether some other factor was involved. However, we found 13 sites where polar bears had clawed holes through rafted ice in attempts to capture ringed seals (Phoca hispida) in 2005 through 2006 and another site during an additional research project in 2007. Ice thickness at the 12 sites that we measured averaged 41 cm. These observations, along with cannibalized and starved polar bears found on the sea ice in the same general area in the springs of 2004 through 2006, suggest that during those years, polar bears in the southern Beaufort Sea were nutritionally stressed. Searches made farther north during the same period and using the same methods produced no similar observations near Banks Island or in Amundsen Gulf. A possible underlying ecological explanation is a decadal-scale downturn in seal populations. But a more likely explanation is major changes in the sea-ice and marine environment resulting from record amounts and duration of open water in the Beaufort and Chukchi seas, possibly influenced by climate warming. Because the underlying causes of observed changes in polar bear body condition and foraging behaviour are unknown, further study is warranted.

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46

Caesar, James R. "Responder Safety: Site Characterization for Oil Spill Responses". International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2001, n.º 1 (1 de marzo de 2001): 423–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2001-1-423.

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ABSTRACT Oil spills, like hazardous chemical spills, require characterization of chemical and physical hazards. Offshore oil spill responders are faced with different tasks than land-based emergency responders when characterizing a spilled product. While firefighters could have unknown products spilling from a train or truck accident, oil spill responders hold the advantage because they are responding to a spill with a known product—oil—with a narrow range of hazards. Firefighters have the ability to confine/re strict the hot zone but oil spill responders are required to do a site characterization on a vessel in all types of sea conditions that can change with the current and wind. Clean Seas LLC has developed and used site characterization procedures for responding to open-water oil spills. As in all success stories, proper planning and training of response personnel is the key in a real response. Oil spills can happen at midnight, in rough seas, while responders are dressed in personal protective equipment (PPE), and surrounded by oil. Under the extreme pressures of an oil spill response, checking the spilled product for dangerous levels of hydrogen sulfide and benzene, the Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), and oxygen levels can be challenging. Clean Seas completes site characterization with a simple, common sense Site Characterization Form, a 1-page Site Safety Plan, and a safety tailgate meeting before beginning removal operations. Clean Seas followed this procedure in September 1997 at the Platform Irene spill. The response by Clean Seas to this 165-barrel spill was later deemed “textbook” by regulators observing the cleanup operations.

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47

Driscoll, Frederick R., Meyer Nahon y Rolf G. Lueck. "A Comparison of Ship-Mounted and Cage-Mounted Passive Heave Compensation Systems". Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 122, n.º 3 (29 de enero de 2000): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1287167.

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Tethered marine systems experience large tensile loads in their tether when operating in rough seas. Heave compensation systems can be used to reduce these loads and increase the safe operating sea states. In this work, a discrete representation of a passive heave compensator is developed and added to a finite-element model of a deep-sea ROV system to investigate the performance of ship-mounted and cage-mounted compensation systems. Numerical simulations are performed for operating depths ranging from 3280–16,400 ft (1000–5000 m) and a range of compensator stiffnesses. Both ship and cage-mounted systems reduced the natural frequencies, rms cage motion and rms tension, and extended the operating sea state of the ROV. During extreme seas, the cage-mounted compensator effectively eliminated all snap loads. However, the compensator’s characteristics must be carefully chosen because a poorly designed compensator can exacerbate operational problems. [S0892-7219(00)00903-1]

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TERADA, Daisuke, Kenji SASA y Nobukazu WAKABAYASHI. "On Time-Frequency Characteristics of Fluctuation for Main Engine Rotational Speed in Rough Seas". Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 141 (2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9749/jin.141.1.

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Kress, Jeffrey y Maurice Elias. "Building Learning Communities Through Social and Emotional Learning: Navigating the Rough Seas of Implementation". Professional School Counseling 10, n.º 1 (octubre de 2006): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5330/prsc.10.1.b86072r61544p72k.

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Marinescu, Miruna Mazurencu y Peter Nijkamp. "Companies in rough seas: predictors of early insolvency risk in the Romanian IT industry". International Journal of Foresight and Innovation Policy 7, n.º 1/2/3 (2011): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijfip.2011.040070.

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