Artículos de revistas: "Rose de France"

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Cohen, Mitchell. "France: Red Rose, Blue Grip". Dissent 54, n.º 4 (2007): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/dss.2007.0099.

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2

Dumas, Christian. "La rose, variété La France, et la grande guerre". Le Journal de botanique 83, n.º 1 (2018): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/jobot.2018.2233.

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3

Lassak, Marshall. "Mathematical Lens: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France". Mathematics Teacher 101, n.º 2 (septiembre de 2007): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mt.101.2.0099.

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4

Scott, Mary y Tonglin Lu. "Rose and Lotus: Narrative of Desire in France and China". South Atlantic Review 57, n.º 2 (mayo de 1992): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3200232.

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5

Cass, Victoria B. y Tonglin Lu. "Rose and Lotus: Narrative of Desire in France and China". Journal of the American Oriental Society 112, n.º 3 (julio de 1992): 519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/603110.

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6

King, Emerald L. "La Robe à la Française et la Robe l’Odalisque: Wearing women’s clothing in The Rose of Versailles". Studies in Costume & Performance 6, n.º 1 (1 de junio de 2021): 29–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/scp_00034_1.

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The androgynous heroine of Ikeda Ryoko’s manga The Rose of Versailles (1972‐73), Oscar Françoise de Jarjayes, is usually depicted in masculine, specifically military, attire. The sixth daughter of an important military colonel during the reign of Louis XV and Louis XVI, Oscar is raised as a son and follows her father into the military. Oscar is only ever depicted in one dress, known as the robe l’odalisque ‐ a gown that is adopted at a pivotal moment of character development. It is while wearing this dress, which Ikeda intended to serve as a wedding dress, that Oscar comes to terms with her unrequited love for Marie Antoinette’s lover, Count Axel von Fersen. In doing so, Oscar places more importance on her allegiance to France than to romance. This article investigates the complicated gender and social politics that are symbolized by the choice to wear women’s clothing in The Rose of Versailles.

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7

Maza, Sarah. "The Rose-Girl of Salency: Representations of Virtue in Prerevolutionary France". Eighteenth-Century Studies 22, n.º 3 (1989): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2738894.

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8

ALLMAND, CHRISTOPHER. "Calais: An English Town in France, 1347-1558 - By Susan Rose". History 94, n.º 315 (julio de 2009): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2009.00461_10.x.

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9

FLATMAN, JOE. "Calais: an English town in France, 1347-1538 - By Susan Rose". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 40, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2011): 218–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.2010.00300_12.x.

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10

Balassa, Bela. "The French Economy at the outset of the New Septennat". Tocqueville Review 9, n.º 1 (enero de 1988): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.9.1.299.

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Since the election of a center-right majority, economic expansion in France has been steady but unspectacular. The gross national product rose by 2.0 percent in 1986 and 2.1 percent in 1987. This increase exceeded the 1.2 percent average growth rate under the socialist government in 1980-85 and matched the German growth rate of 1985-87. In fact, France surpassed Germany in 1987 while falling behind it during the period of the socialist government

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11

Balassa, Bela. "The French Economy at the outset of the New Septennat". Tocqueville Review 9 (enero de 1988): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.9.299.

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Since the election of a center-right majority, economic expansion in France has been steady but unspectacular. The gross national product rose by 2.0 percent in 1986 and 2.1 percent in 1987. This increase exceeded the 1.2 percent average growth rate under the socialist government in 1980-85 and matched the German growth rate of 1985-87. In fact, France surpassed Germany in 1987 while falling behind it during the period of the socialist government

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12

Walin, Marie. "Mortas Pauline, Une rose épineuse. La défloration au xixe siècle en France". Histoire, médecine et santé, n.º 13 (30 de noviembre de 2018): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/hms.1518.

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13

Sponsler, C. "Knowing Poetry: Verse in Medieval France from the Rose to the Rhetoriqueurs". French History 26, n.º 3 (24 de agosto de 2012): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fh/crs057.

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14

Busby, K. "Knowing Poetry: Verse in Medieval France from the 'Rose' to the 'Rhetoriqueurs'". French Studies 66, n.º 3 (1 de julio de 2012): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/kns093.

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15

Adudu, Husnul Hatima y Dahlia Husain. "SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS IN WILLIAM BLAKE POEMS". British (Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris) 8, n.º 1 (1 de julio de 2019): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31314/british.8.1.39-54.2019.

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Semiotic Analysis in William Blake Poems. The problem in this research is how to apply Riffaterre’s theory. This research focused on semiotic of Riffaterre’s theory in William Blake poems, titled The Sick Rose, My Pretty Rose Tree, and The Garden of Love. The method that used in this research was descriptive qualitative method. The data that used in this research was a written record in the form of three poems by William Blake. Three poems in question were The Sick Rose, My Pretty Rose Tree, and The Garden of Love. The technique used to collect data in this research was the technique of reading log. The researcher used the Riffaterre’s theory to analysis the poems. Based on the analysis, it can be concluded that poem The Sick Rose and The Garden of love depict of live before France Revolution occurred, and poem My Pretty Rose Tree describe about the author’s feeling to his wife.

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16

S, MAITRA, MONDAL M K y ROYCHOWDHURY N. "Effect of preservative chemicals on post-harvest behaviour of cut rose Etoile De France". Madras Agricultural Journal 88, March (2001): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00312.

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Blooms of "Etoile De France" a cultivar of rose were treated with vase-solutions containing several proven floral preservative chemicals at various concentrations. Highest water uptake (9.50g) was recorded with distilled water. The total water loss was recorded maximum (9.97g) when placed in distilled water, however it was minimum (2.96g) with the vase solution containing Sucrose (4%) + Silver nitrate (100ppm). The enhancement in the fresh weight was recorded highest (0.70g) in Sucrose (4%)+Silver nitrate (100ppm) treated vase solution. Holding solution containing sucrose (4%) + 8- HQC (300ppm) was proved beneficial for the earliest opening of the flowers (1.00 day) and longer duration of prime beauty (3.50 days). The "bent neck" was recorded minimum with Sucrose (4%) + Aluminium sulphate (0.5%). However the vase- solution treated with Sucrose (4%) + 8-HQC (300ppm) showed the longest post- harvest life (4.50 days) of cut rose flowers.

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17

Dupagne, Michel. "Regulation of Sexually Explicit Videotex Services in France". Journalism Quarterly 71, n.º 1 (marzo de 1994): 121–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909407100112.

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In the mid 1980s, concern arose over the rise of sexually explicit services on the French videotex system. In examining the legal implications of these messageries roses, this article reviews how French courts applied criminal law to penalize providers of allegedly pornographic message services. Although the Tribunal correctionnel de Paris relied on statutory law to resolve the Néron case, it refused to extend existing print and audiovisual media laws to cover videotex, based on a judicial precedent against the applicability of press legislation to broadcasting. In July 1991, the Court of Appeals of Amiens condemned three messagerie rose managers as accomplices of users who had produced pornographic announcements because they had intentionally permitted these actions to occur by providing users the means to publicize messages encouraging debauchery.

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18

Elton, N. J., J. J. Hooper y L. Coggon. "Morinite from Gunheath China Clay Pit, St Austell, Cornwall". Mineralogical Magazine 60, n.º 400 (junio de 1996): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.400.14.

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Morinite, NaCa2A12(PO4)2(OH)F4.2H2O, is a lowtemperature hydrothermal phosphate found in granite and granite-pegmatite environments. It was first described by Lacroix in 1891 from Montebras, France (see Palache et al., 1951) where it occurred as rose coloured prismatic crystals with amblygonite, wardite, wavellite, apatite and cassiterite. Morinite is also known from Germany, Finland (Roberts et al., 1990) and the USA (Fisher and Runner, 1958; Fisher, 1960).

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19

Alioua, Abdelmalek y Pascal Heitzler. "On the Origin of Cultivated Roses: DNA Authentication of the Bourbon Rose Founding Pedigree". International Journal of Plant Biology 14, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 1117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijpb14040082.

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Rose flowers have been cultivated for their fragrance and their garden value since ancient times. Very ancient cultivars became famous locally for their specific use, and competitive horticultural activities progressively established, leading, with time, to landraces with limited polymorphism. The most famous examples are the oil-bearing Damask roses from Iran and the Yueyue Fen garden strain from China. In 1817, a new rose, allegedly a hybrid from the two previous lineages, was discovered at Reunion. From this plant, as early as the 1820s, a new founder group, the Bourbon roses, was developed in France, which immediately stirred up deep passions among botanists and skilled enthusiasts. Today, more than 30,000 named cultivars have been raised either as garden and landscape plants for the cut rose market or as indoor pot plants. The market handles billions of euros a year, making the rose the most economically important crop worldwide. Following the inheritance of SSR DNA markers, we here propose a reconstitution of the very early lineage of Bourbon roses, clarifying one of the major steps, if not the major one, that links these very ancient heritage roses to modern roses.

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20

Reynders-Aloisi, S., E. Sciberras y M. F. Tarbouriech. "ROSA GALLICA : THE FRENCH ROSE. ITS NATURAL DIVERSITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN WILD POPULATIONS IN THE SOUTH-EAST OF FRANCE." Acta Horticulturae, n.º 508 (enero de 2000): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.508.26.

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21

Peres, Stephanie, Eric Giraud-Heraud, Anne-Sophie Masure y Sophie Tempere. "Rose Wine Market: Anything but Colour?" Foods 9, n.º 12 (11 de diciembre de 2020): 1850. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9121850.

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In many countries, the consumption of still wine is in strong decline. The market for rose wine, however, stands in stark contrast to this trend, seeing worldwide growth of almost 30% over the last 15 years. For most observers/experts, product colour plays an important role in this paradigm shift. For this reason, companies’ marketing efforts often focus on this purely visual characteristic. There is, however, no certainty that other emerging consumer demands, related to environmental concerns or how “natural” a wine is (organic wines, natural wines, etc.), do not also play a role in the enthusiasm seen in new wine consumers. This article proposes an assessment of expectations related to colour and the decisions made by rose wine consumers, using two complementary experiments carried out in France. The first experiment is based on an online survey studying only consumers’ colour preferences. We will show that, contrary to popular belief, there is no consensus on this criterion, although regional trends can be identified. Typically, the “salmon” shade, which is generally the leader on the global market—and characteristic of Provence wines—does not win unanimous support across all regions. In contrast, an “apricot” shade seems to be preferred by consumers in the Bordeaux region. The second experiment confirms this result within the framework of an experimental market revealing consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP). This market also offers consumers the opportunity to taste wines and provides information on organic certification and “naturalness” (symbolised by the absence of added sulphites). We will then demonstrate how the latter criteria, although often popular, play only a small role—compared with colour—in consumer decisions. We will conclude this article with observations on the atypical nature of the rose wine market and on possible avenues for further research related to the emotional role colour plays in wine tasting and its possible specificity in the world of food and drink products.

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22

Newland, Jane. "De la Bibliothèque rose aux lectures rhizomatiques: l'évolution de la série de jeunesse en France". Modern & Contemporary France 21, n.º 3 (agosto de 2013): 375–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09639489.2012.743982.

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23

Brown, Phyllis. "Knowing Poetry: Verse in Medieval France from the Rose to the Rhétoriqueurs (review)". Comitatus: A Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies 43, n.º 1 (2012): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cjm.2012.0062.

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24

Mojtahid, M., E. Geslin, A. Coynel, L. Gorse, C. Vella, A. Davranche, L. Zozzolo, L. Blanchet, E. Bénéteau y G. Maillet. "Spatial distribution of living (Rose Bengal stained) benthic foraminifera in the Loire estuary (western France)". Journal of Sea Research 118 (diciembre de 2016): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2016.02.003.

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25

Pfister-Langanay, Christian. "Susan Rose , Calais. An English town in France, 1347-1558 , Boydell Press, 2007, 187 p." Revue du Nord 385, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 2010): II. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdn.385.0443b.

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26

Bento, Regina F., Fernanda F. Sauerbronn y João Felipe R. Sauerbronn. "The Rose and the Cactus: The Lived and Unanswered Callings of Manya Sklodowska (Marie Curie) and Mileva Marić (Einstein)". Cultural Studies ↔ Critical Methodologies 20, n.º 6 (18 de marzo de 2020): 549–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1532708620911385.

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This article examines the role of calling in the lives of two women: Marie Curie (born “Manya Sklodowska,” in Poland, 1867; died in France, 1934) and Mileva Einstein (born “Mileva Marić” in Serbia, 1875; died in Switzerland, 1948). We explore how the lives of these two women unfolded as they went through the crucibles of sensing, pursuing, and answering or missing their callings.

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Ha-Vinh, Philippe y Pierre Régnard. "Community consumption of analgesic opioids and opiate substitution treatments in a self-employed workers health plan: trend, substitution effects and demographic factors". Journal de gestion et d'economie de la santé 39, n.º 1 (29 de octubre de 2021): 1–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54695/jdds.039.01.6716.

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Objective: Our aim was to evaluate community consumption of strong prescription opioid treatments in France in 2015 and 2017.Methods: A nation-wide French health care insurance claims database was analyzed for opioids average annual cost, annual prevalence of dispensations and users by mean of two repeated retrospective cross sectional study in 2015 and 2017.Results: In 2015–2017 prevalence of users per 100 000 beneficiaries per year rose from 878 to 932 (+6%) for strong opioid analgesics and lowered from 160 to 150 (-6%) for opiate substitution treatments. Prevalence of users of oxycodone, fentanyl, morphine, hydromorphone, buprenorphine, and methadone shifted by +17%, -5%, +4%, -8%, -13%, and +10%, respectively (+20% for methadone capsules). Oxycodone moved from third place to first place in terms of number of dispensation. Highest prevalence were in the western half of France, age over 60 and female for strong analgesic opioids and the north-east quarter and the south-west quarter of France, age 30 to 49 and male for opiate substitution treatments. The factor most strongly associated with prevalencewas age in strong analgesic opioids and gender in opiate substitution treatments.Conclusions: In 2 years the use of analgesics progresses, especially for oxycodone, while that of the substitution drugs decreases. Despite its greater danger, methadone tends to replace buprenorphine and capsule form tends to replace the syrup. Regulatory changes or enhanced controls may have played a role. The age of strong analgesic opioids consumers highlights the issue of severe pain in the elderly.

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Lebrun, Barbara. "Carte de Séjour: revisiting ‘Arabness’ and anti-racism in 1980s France". Popular Music 31, n.º 3 (octubre de 2012): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026114301200027x.

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AbstractThe French rock group Carte de Séjour rose to national fame in 1986 with their Charles Trenet cover ‘Douce France’, a North African-inflected song that provided an ironic commentary on the ties that bind Maghrebi immigrants and their descendants to France. Journalists and academics have hailed Carte de Séjour as the first example of an empoweredbeurmusic group in French popular culture, but their lack of extended success tells a different story. This article is the first full-length academic study to examine Carte de Séjour's exact contribution to French popular music and to the so-calledbeurand anti-racist movements of the 1980s. By questioning the common view regarding the ‘subversive’ power of French-Maghrebi artists, this article argues that Carte de Séjour's lack of success was due to their controversial representation of ‘Arabness’ in music and performance, their instrumentalisation by the Socialist Party, and their conflictual relationship with France's intellectual and political establishment at the time.

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29

Oger, Emmanuel. "Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism: A Community-based Study in Western France". Thrombosis and Haemostasis 83, n.º 05 (2000): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1613887.

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SummaryThe incidence of venous thromboembolism has been studied during one year in a defined population of 342,000 inhabitants. The overall incidence (95% confidence interval) of venous thromboembolism was found to be 1.83 per thousand per year (1.69 to 1.98). The incidences of deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism were 1.24 per thousand per year (1.12 to 1.36) and 0.60 per thousand per year (0.52 to 0.69), respectively. The incidence of venous thromboembolism rose markedly with increasing age for both sexes; over the age of 75, the annual incidence reached 1 per 100. Sixty three percent of the patients were at home when venous thromboembolism occurred. Of these, sixteen percent had been previously hospitalised within three months. These results raise concerns on identification of medical patients at high risk and effective prophylaxis.

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Descubes, Irena, Tom McNamara y Douglas Bryson. "Lesbians’ assessments of gay advertising in France: not necessarily a case of ‘La Vie en Rose?’". Journal of Marketing Management 34, n.º 7-8 (4 de mayo de 2018): 639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0267257x.2018.1474242.

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31

Istvan, Marion, Camille Lecoffre, Sahar Bayat, Yannick Béjot, Yann Le Strat, Christine De Peretti, Fei Gao, Valérie Olié y Olivier Grimaud. "What is the evolution of stroke unit’s accessibility in metropolitan France from 2009 to 2014? A trend analysis of over 600 000 patients using national hospital databases." BMJ Open 8, n.º 9 (septiembre de 2018): e023599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023599.

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ObjectivesWe aimed to study trends in stroke unit (SU) admission during a period of their deployment in France and to assess whether this led to better and more equitable access to this specialised care.DesignAnalysis of records from the national hospital database.SettingAll acute care hospitals in metropolitan France for the period 2009–2014.ParticipantsOver 600 000 patients admitted in acute care with a main diagnosis of stroke.Main outcome measuresAdmission to a SU.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2014, the number of stroke admissions rose from 93 728 to 109 456, and the proportion of SU admission from 23% to 44%. Overall, characteristics associated with higher probability of SU admission were: male gender, younger age, ischaemic stroke type, medium level of comorbidity and larger size of town of residence. Although likelihood of SU admission increased in all patients’ categories during the study period, we identified steeper positive temporal trends among older patients, those with more comorbidities and those residing in medium or small towns (all p values <0.001), suggesting a ‘catching up’ phenomena. Temporal trends of men and women did not differ however.ConclusionsAdmission to SU nearly doubled in France between 2009 and 2014. Faster trends observed for patients with lower admission to SU suggest that equity in access has improved over the period.

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32

Darlu, Pierre y Pascal Chareille. "Evolution of Armenian Surname Distribution in France between 1891 and 1990". Genealogy 8, n.º 1 (5 de enero de 2024): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy8010007.

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The evolution of the Armenian presence in mainland France from 1891 to 1990 is described on the basis of an inventory of more than 7000 family names of Armenian origin extracted from the INSEE surname database. Several surname samplings are proposed, and parameters such as the number of different Armenian names, the number of births with these names and their proportions are used as descriptors for each of the 320 French arrondissements and the four successive 25-year periods between 1891 and 1990. Before 1915, Armenian surnames and births with these names are infrequent and almost exclusively located in Paris and the arrondissements of Marseille. From 1915 onwards, subsequent to the genocide in Turkey, the number of births and the diversity of Armenian surnames rose sharply until 1940, before stabilizing thereafter. The diaspora remains essentially centred in Paris, Lyon, and Marseille, with little regional extension around these poles.

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Piano, Ennio E. y Louis Rouanet. "Desertion as theft". Journal of Institutional Economics 16, n.º 2 (3 de junio de 2019): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744137419000250.

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AbstractTo be effective, an army must contain the extent of desertion among its ranks. This phenomenon rose to particular prominence in Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, with the appearance of the figure of the “citizen-soldier” on the battlefield. This paper offers the first theoretical treatment of the issue of desertion from an economic perspective. Building on the work of Yoram Barzel on the “economic analysis of property rights,” we develop a “desertion as theft” framework. We then test the empirical implications of the framework against qualitative and quantitative evidence from Napoleonic France.

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McKenzie, Robert M. y Dietmar Osthus. "That which We Call a Rose by any Other Name Would Sound as Sweet". AILA Review 24 (21 de diciembre de 2011): 100–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aila.24.08mck.

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Folk perceptions of language diversity often differ from the criteria laid out by linguists and have particular implications for applied/sociolinguists since the collective identification of language diversity largely determines the ways in which individuals regard the categorisation of their own (and others) linguistic uses as belonging to a specific social and/or regional variety. Folk perceptions can thus help define speech communities as well as explain sociolinguistic other phenomena. This paper provides a critical analysis of the existing folk linguistic research into language variation in a number of different contexts: the UK, the USA, France and Japan. It is hoped that the information gained will help build up a more detailed sociolinguistic picture of the complex and often contradictory nature of lay individuals’ attitudes towards linguistic variation. In the final sections of the paper the authors argue for a greater deal of recognition within modern linguistics of the value of examining folk perceptions of language diversity.

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Argurio, Silvia. "Dante esoterico e Dante essoterico nella Parigi di fine Ottocento". Dante e l'Arte 10 (18 de diciembre de 2023): 91–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/dea.188.

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Nell’articolo sono illustrati due aspetti della produzione artistica parigina incentrata sulla figura di Dante tra la fine del XIX e l’inizio del XX secolo. Il primo esempio riguarda la funzione pubblica e sociale, agli albori della Terza Repubblica francese, della statua di Dante realizzata dallo scrittore Jean-Paul Aubé e collocata dinanzi al Collège de France. Agli antipodi della celebrazione ufficiale si colloca il secondo esempio: la rilettura esoterica dell’Alighieri. Sul finire dell’Ottocento Joséphin Péladan fondò la Rosa-Croce Cattolica del Tempio e del Graal o Rose Croix esthétique, inaugurando a Parigi il Salone della Rosacroce (1892- 1897), un appuntamento artistico unico nel suo genere. Le affiches pubblicitarie e i cataloghi che accompagnarono gli eventi rivelano una particolare predilezione per Dante, tentando di iscriverlo all’interno della tradizione rosacruciana.

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Salamone, A., G. Scarito, A. Pane y S. O. Cacciola. "Root and Basal Stem Rot of Rose Caused by Phytophthora citrophthora in Italy". Plant Disease 95, n.º 3 (marzo de 2011): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-10-0659.

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Approximately 800 ha of cut flower roses are cultivated for commercial production in Italy. During autumn of 2004 in an experimental greenhouse in western Sicily (southern Italy), 60% of 2-year-old plants of rose cv. Red France on Rosa indica cv. Major rootstock grown in soil showed leaf chlorosis and wilt. A dark brown lesion lined by a water-soaked area was noticeable at the stem base near the soil surface. Root rot was found consistently associated with aboveground symptoms and plants collapsed within 4 months after the appearance of the first symptoms. The same symptoms were observed sporadically on rose plants of the same cultivar during the last 6 years in commercial nurseries in western Sicily. In all cases, a Phytophthora species has been consistently isolated from rotted roots and stems on Phytophthora-selective media. Pure cultures were obtained by single-hypha transfers. The species was identified as Phytophthora citrophthora on the basis of morphological characters and electrophoretic analysis of mycelial proteins on polyacrylamide gel (1). On potato dextrose agar, isolates produced petaloid colonies with optimum growth temperature at 25°C. On V8 agar, mono- and occasionally bipapillate, ovoid to limoniform sporangia, measuring 44 to 55 × 27 to 28 μm, with a mean length/breadth ratio of 1.4:1 were produced. All isolates were heterothallic but did not produce gametangia in dual cultures with P. nicotianae isolates of A1 and A2 mating type. Electrophoretic patterns of total mycelial proteins and four isozyme (acid and alkaline phosphatases, esterase, and malato dehydrogenase) of the isolates from rose were identical to those of reference isolates of P. citrophthora, but clearly distinct from isolates of other heterothallic species with papillate sporangia, including P. capsici, P. nicotianae, P. palmivora, and P. tropicalis. All isolates from rose showed the same electrophoretic profiles. Blast search of rDNA-ITS sequence from PCR-amplified ITS4/ITS6 primers (2) of a representative isolate from rose (IMI 392044) showed 98% homology with a reference isolate of P. citrophthora (GenBank No. EU0000631), thus confirming the identification. Pathogenicity of isolate IMI 392044 was tested on 10 12-month-old plants of rose cv. Red France grafted on R. indica cv. Major transplanted in pots containing a mixture of sphagnum peat moss and sandy loam soil (1:1 vol/vol) infested with 80 g of inoculum per liter of mixture. Inoculum was produced by growing the isolate on wheat kernels. Plants transplanted in pots containing noninfested soil served as controls. Plants were kept in a greenhouse at 22 ± 3°C and watered to soil saturation once a week. Inoculated plants developed symptoms of leaf chlorosis and root and crown rot within 15 to 30 days and wilted within 40 to 80 days after inoculation. Control plants remained healthy. P. citrophthora was consistently reisolated from inoculated plants. Root and basal stem rot of rose may be caused by several Phytophthora spp. and has been reported in various countries of Asia, Europe, and North America (3,4). However, to our knowledge, this is the first report in Italy. The occurrence of this disease may be attributed to excessive irrigation practices. References: (1) S. O. Cacciola et al. EPPO Bull. 20:47, 1990. (2) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30:17, 2000. (3) Y. Nagai et al. Phytopathology 68:684, 1978. (4) B. W. Schwingle et al. Plant Dis. 91:97, 2007.

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37

Pinol, Jean-Luc. "Pierre Pinon et Caroline Rose, Places et parvis de France, Paris, Imprimerie nationale É ditions, 1999,160 p." Histoire urbaine 2, n.º 2 (2000): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhu.002.0214.

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38

KENNEDY, E. M. "Review. La Rose, Renart et le graal: La litterature allegorique en France au XIIIe siecle. Strubel, Armand". French Studies 46, n.º 2 (1 de abril de 1992): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/46.2.190.

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39

Crafts, N. F. R. "Exogenous or Endogenous Growth? The Industrial Revolution Reconsidered". Journal of Economic History 55, n.º 4 (diciembre de 1995): 745–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700042145.

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The British Industrial Revolution is reviewed in the light of recent developments in modeling economic growth. It is argued that ”endogenous innovation” models may be useful in this context particularly for understanding why total factor productivity growth rose only slowly. ”Macroinventions” were central to economic development in this period, however, and these are best seen as exogenous technological shocks. Although new growth theorists would easily identify higher growth potential in eighteenth-century Britain than in France, explaining the timing of the acceleration in growth remains elusive. A research agenda to develop further insights from new growth ideas is proposed.

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40

Ziogou, Fotios-Theoharis, Aikaterini-Angeliki Kotoula, Stefanos Hatzilazarou, Emmanouil-Nikolaos Papadakis, Panos-George Avramis, Athanasios Economou y Stefanos Kostas. "Genetic Assessment, Propagation and Chemical Analysis of Flowers of Rosa damascena Mill. Genotypes Cultivated in Greece". Horticulturae 9, n.º 8 (20 de agosto de 2023): 946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9080946.

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Rosa damascena Mill. is commercially the most important rose species used to produce essential oils. The plants of this species, cultivated in the district of Western Macedonia (Greece) for rose oil production, originated from indigenous genotypes but also nurseries abroad, mainly from Bulgaria. The present study investigated the genetic relationship between nine genotypes of R. damascena from Greece, one genotype from Turkey, three genotypes from Bulgaria and three genotypes from France using the molecular markers ISSR and SCoT. Also, the rooting ability of shoot cuttings from these nine genotypes was investigated by applying 2 g/L of the rooting regulator K-IBA. In addition, petals were chemically analyzed using GC-MS and LC-MS to identify the compounds that are the main components of the rose oil. The nine rose genotypes of R. damascena, cultivated in Greece, one from Turkey and one of the three genotypes from Bulgaria were clustered in one clade in the dendrogram. The other two genotypes from Bulgaria were clustered in a separate clade that demonstrated the existence of genetic diversity among the three Bulgarian genotypes, while the French genotypes were clustered in a third clade. The shoot cuttings rooted relatively easily (55–70%) with the application of K-IBA, without any significant differences among the nine genotypes. Large variation was observed among the nine genotypes in the main volatile compounds of the flower petal extracts, which are related to rose oil components. For these compounds, the concentrations in μg/g of the fresh petal weight were 2-phenylethylalcohol (1148.35–2777.19), nerol (27.45–64.93), citronellol (88.45–206.59), geraniol (69.12–170.99) and nonadecane (209.27–533.15). Of the non-volatile compounds, gallic acid was the most abundant phenolic acid in the petal extracts of the nine genotypes (0.28–0.82 μg/g), while for the flavonoids, quercetin and kaempferol variations of 0.35–1.17 μg/g and 0.26–2.13 μg/g were recorded, respectively.

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41

Van Dyk, Garritt. "A Tale of Two Boycotts: Riot, Reform, and Sugar Consumption in Late Eighteenth-Century Britain and France". Eighteenth-Century Life 45, n.º 3 (1 de septiembre de 2021): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00982601-9272999.

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Atlantic sugar production and European sugar consumption rose dramatically in the late eighteenth century. Despite this increase, there were two separate calls to refrain from consuming sugar in both Britain and France at the end of the eighteenth century. Demands for abstinence were directed toward women to stop household consumption of sugar. In Britain, abolitionists urged women to stop buying West Indian sugar because it was a slave good, produced on plantations where enslaved Africans were subject to cruelty and where mortality rates were high. In France, the call to forego sugar came during the early years of the Revolution of 1789, in response to rising sugar prices. The women of Paris were asked to refrain from buying sugar at high prices that were assumed to be a result of market manipulation by speculators and hoarders engaging in anti-revolutionary behavior. The increase in Parisian sugar prices was not driven primarily by profiteering, but by a global shortage caused by the slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, now Haiti. Comparing these two sugar boycotts, one in Britain, the other in France, provides an opportunity outside of national historical narratives to consider how both events employed the same technique for very different aims. The call to renounce sugar in both cases used economic pressure to create political change. An exploration of these movements for abstinence will provide a better understanding of how they critiqued consumption, and translated discourses, both abolitionist and revolutionary, into practice.

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42

Johansson, S. Ryan. "Centuries of Childhood/Centuries of Parenting: Philippe Ariès and the Modernization of Privileged Infancy". Journal of Family History 12, n.º 4 (octubre de 1987): 343–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319908701200401.

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In Centuries of Childhood Philippe Ariès studied the evolution of parental investment among the materially and socially privileged families of France from the sixteenth to the nineteenth century. His general hypothesis, interpreted in the vocabulary of modern research, was that both the financial and emotional costs of elite childrearing were rising during this period Once greater emotional involvement led to high investments in infant survival, infant mortality declined survivorship rose, and privileged families were forced to adopt fertility control in order to avoid the production of too many very costly children. In this article Aries' verbal “model” is tested using quantitative data from both French and other European elite groups.

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43

Barrell, Ray, Nigel Pain y Julian Morgan. "The World Economy". National Institute Economic Review 154 (noviembre de 1995): 27–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019515400103.

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Indications from the first half of the year suggested that the present cyclical expansion was starting to slow in much of the OECD. The pace of activity moderated particularly sharply in North America. Canadian GDP fell slightly in the second quarter of the year and inventory levels rose considerably. Trade growth was also lower than expected, although this partially reflected the regional impact of recent developments in Mexico. Within Europe, GDP growth slowed in the UK, France and Italy, although growth proved unexpectedly robust in a number of the smaller economies, particularly Ireland, Sweden and Finland. Output also continued to grow sharply in Australia and South East Asia.

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44

Valentini, Andrea. "Notice sur un manuscrit du Roman de la Rose acheté par la Bibliothèque Nationale de France (N.A.F. 28047)". Romance Philology 61, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.rph.2.305826.

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45

Attreed, Lorraine. "Susan Rose . Calais: An English Town in France 1347–1558 . Rochester, N.Y. : Boydell Press . 2008 . Pp. 187. $95.00." American Historical Review 114, n.º 4 (octubre de 2009): 1158–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/ahr.114.4.1158.

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46

Barrell, Ray, Julian Morgan, Nigel Pain y Florence Hubert. "The World Economy". National Institute Economic Review 158 (octubre de 1996): 36–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019615800105.

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There was a pause in growth in a number of European economies around the end of 1995, with weak domestic demand leading to moves to return stocks to more normal levels. This was exacerbated by bad weather in the first quarter of 1996. Rather pessimistic conclusions were widely drawn from these few months, but recent developments, especially in Germany have made us, and others, more optimistic about the short-term prospects. In the EU as a whole output rose by 0.49 per cent in the first quarter. Whilst output in France and Italy appears to have declined in the second quarter, in part due to statistical factors arising from the extra working day in the first quarter, growth remained at or above trend levels in the UK, Spain, the Netherlands and Denmark, and recovered significantly in Germany. Industrial output in Germany rose continually in the six months to August, with manufacturing output at its highest level since 1992. This has begun to be reflected elsewhere in the EU, with industrial confidence rising for the first time in 19 months.

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47

Singh, Ranveer (Rav). "Discovering stories from Punjab on the streets of Saint-Tropez, Cote D’Azur, France". Sikh Research Journal 8, n.º 1 (13 de abril de 2023): 101–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.62307/srj.v8i1.26.

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This paper presents stories associated with artefacts and episodes from the Kingdom of Lahore in Punjab, told through the author's research visit and fieldwork on the streets of Saint-Tropez located on the Cote D'Azur in the South of France. Episodes in the early 19th century that shaped the establishment of the Kingdom of Lahore, ruled by Maharajah Ranjit Singh, are outlined, and the author introduces Europeans employed in the armies of Punjab. The author describes how the actions of the Maharajah in the 1830s opened up highly profitable trading routes for some of his European generals between Lahore and Europe, dealing in arts, armour and textiles. The establishment of these Indo-French trading routes included the export of luxurious shawls from Kashmir and Amritsar (ruled at the time by Ranjit Singh) to Europe. One prominent individual, Jean-Francois Allard, who rose to become a general in Punjab, is chronicled, and the paper focuses on Allard and his wife, Bannou Pan Dei, and their life in Saint-Tropez. The paper ends by highlighting the recent work by officials in Saint-Tropez to articulate these stories and shared histories to develop interest, relations and promote tourism between the locations of India, especially Punjab and Himachal Pradesh, and France.

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48

Tchoudinov, Alexandre. "The Repressive Minority: Christians of Egypt during the French Occupation 1798—1801". ISTORIYA 14, n.º 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024210-0.

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The author of the article examines the changing of the social role of Christians in Egypt during the French occupation in 1798—1801. Based on a comparative analysis of data from a wide range of French sources and Arab chronicles, the author of the article concludes that Bonaparte's army, by bringing new values that became dominant in France during the Revolution, unwittingly violated the fragile interfaith consensus that ensured a long and peaceful coexistence of the Muslim majority and the Christian minority in Egypt. Christians were formally equalized by the French in rights with Muslims. However, in practice, due to their cultural closeness with the occupiers and active cooperation with their administration, Christians achieved absolute dominance in Egyptian society during the stay of the French. In a matter of weeks, this previously restricted religious minority, which was nevertheless organically integrated into the local society, turned into a tyrannical minority that rose above this society and subjected it to cruel oppression.

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49

Capaldo, L., A. Courtois, F. Giraud, I. Blanc-Brisset y M. Labadie. "Intoxication par le laurier rose en France : étude rétrospective d’après les données des centres antipoison entre 1999 et 2016". Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique 30, n.º 3 (septiembre de 2018): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2018.07.101.

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50

STASZCZAK, DARIUSZ ELIGIUSZ. "CHANGES OF EU COUNTRIES POSITIONS IN THE INTERNATIONAL FOOD TRADE IN 2007-2017". sj-economics scientific journal 31, n.º 4 (30 de diciembre de 2018): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.58246/sjeconomics.v31i4.81.

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This paper analyzes changes of EU countries positions in the international food trade in 2007-2017. All EU member countries are considered and segregated as food net exporters and food net importers and merchandise net exporters and merchandise net importers. There were 10 net exporters and 18 net importers of food in 2017 and 11 net exporters and 17 net importers of food in 2007. European Union as a whole was net exporter of food in 2013-2017 and net importer of food till 2012. Netherlands were the first food net exporter in the whole analyzed period. France dropped from the second position to the fourth position of the food net exporters. Poland rose from the sixth to the third position and Spain rose from the eight to the second position of the food net exporters. Great Britain was the first one and Germany was the second food net importer in the whole analyzed period. Whereas, Italy dropped from the third net importer in 2007 to a little important net importer 2017. The systematically dropping Italian food trade deficit lets to forecast that this country will be the EU food net exporter in the near future.

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