Tesis sobre el tema "Romanzi francesi medievali"
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Berardi, Lucia. "Metrica e racconto: la versificazione dei romanzi di Chrétien de Troyes. Un'analisi sistematica". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424850.
Texto completoIl presente lavoro si configura come uno studio analitico e sistematico delle varie componenti della versificazione dei cinque romanzi di Chrétien de Troyes (Erec et Enide, Cligès, Chevalier de la Charrete, Chevalier au lion e Conte du Graal), con l’obiettivo di riunire, vagliare e ampliare i precedenti sondaggi, cui fa per lo più difetto un’ottica complessiva. La tesi si struttura in tre sezioni: nel primo capitolo vengono illustrati i tratti principali della tecnica rimica di Chrétien (la varietà, la consistenza e la ricchezza delle terminazioni, i rimanti più frequenti, le rime tecniche, le connessioni foniche ed etimologiche i tra le parole-rima). Nel secondo capitolo viene, invece, analizzata la struttura ritmico-prosodica dell’ottosillabo: la distribuzione e la frequenza degli ictus nelle varie posizioni del verso, la collocazione delle pause interne e le combinazioni accentuali utilizzate dal romanziere. Il terzo capito verte, infine, sul rapporto tra la struttura metrica e la struttura sintattica: la coincidenza o l’assenza di coincidenza tra frase e distico (la cosiddetta ʽbrisure du coupletʼ), l’estensione dei periodi e il ricorso all’enjambement.
Scavello, Susanna <1990>. "Les Femmes Fortes de la Scene Medievale : Martyres entre Ciel et Terre Etude comparative des heroines du theatre francais des XIVe-XVIe siecles". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9918/1/Scavello_Susanna_tesi.pdf.
Texto completoThis work aims at giving an overview of late medieval theatrical performances inspired by female heroines between the XIV century and the beginnings of the XVI. The main cultural and liguistic area taken into account is the French one, but it is extended to some Provencal and Tuscan plays when there is track of their representation in France but their text has gone lost. The main character of the majority of the plays come down to us is the ‘heroine of faith’: the research focuses on those plays representing female Holy Martyrs. Then, from a comparative perspective that considers the diachronic axes, on the one hand, the study will analyse two dramatic dialogs from Hrotsvit (X century), the most ancient example of medieval drama inspired by female martyrs. On the other, the research will offer some digressions on devotion and iconography and a comparison with female saints’ hagiographic lives. By observing the texts of the corpus as fully theatrical, their analytical and comparative analysis not only reveals their dramatic qualities and their performative potential, but also presents the thematic and dramaturgical leitmotiv linking those texts and the specificities that divide them. Finally, this study on heroine martyrs will provide a comparison between the corpus and two European plays of the same period, which respectively represent an historical heroine (Joan D’Arc) and a legendary one (Popess Joan), both belonging to the worldly realm. The research aims at showing how the issues treated by these texts on a thematic, scenic, ethic and aesthetic level (the stigmatization of the free female subject, the violent repression of resistance and the contradiction between vulnerable bodies and powerful words) are highly interesting not only for expert readers, but also for a potential contemporary spectator, thus justifying the rediscovery of those medieval plays in nowadays theaters.
Simons, Penelope. "The theme of education in twelfth- and thirteenth- century French epic and romance". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3055/.
Texto completoUulders, H. "Autour des saluts et complaintes d'amour du manuscrit BnF f. fr. 837. Recherches sur deux genres mineurs de la poésie française du XIIIe siècle". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3421545.
Texto completoSanson, Manuela. "Il corpo nell'opera di Francesco d'Assisi e di Iacopone da Todi". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368289.
Texto completoDelamarre, Barbara. "Les églises romanes de Bretagne : une production artistique médiévale et sa réception contemporaine". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN20004.
Texto completoThe Romanesque architecture of Brittany is one of the great forgotten of research. Disrepute in the nineteenth centuryfor not obeying the models prescribe by the theory of Regional Schools, it will be investigated locally, piece by piece, with noreal major study before 1958. Half a century after the publication of the work of Roger Grand (Romanesque art in Brittany, Picard), a new perspective had to be given, in the light of new discoveries and methodological developments. An inventory of major buildings is presented in a catalog of notes, as a basis for the analysis and definition of the architectural design in Brittany in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. Romanesque art developed in Brittany, as elsewhere, original forms, adaptedto local materials but sometimes watered by remote references. It appears that the lack of knowledge of this heritage is more an effect of recent historical phenomena than of the poor quality of it. If the Romanesque period was dismissed in regional historical studies this is a phenomenon of rewriting Breton history, a regional novel, begun in the 1830s and, in part,still running
Mattord, Carola Louise. "Lay Writers and the Politics of Theology in Medieval England From the Twelfth to Fifteenth Centuries". Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/english_diss/44.
Texto completoAzzolini, Mauro. "Una gioiosa baldanza: immagini, modelli e lessico della giovinezza guerriera nelle letterature galloromanze dei secc. XI-XIII". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3425875.
Texto completoIl presente lavoro si configura come uno studio sul particolare statuto attribuito alla giovinezza dalle letterature galloromanze dei secc. XI-XIII. Le immagini collegate a que-sta età della vità tanto nei testi antico-francesi quanto in quelli provenzali sono, infatti, riconducibili all’archetipo della giovinezza guerriera e ad una sua rifunzionalizzazione in epoca feudale. Dopo un’introduzione dedicata alla ricostruzione del dibattito storico-critico sulla questione la tesi si articola in tre capitoli: il primo è dedicato all’indagine sul lessico riguardante i giovani; nel secondo vengono analizzate le più interessanti ma-nifestazioni letterarie del rapporto tra giovane e funzione guerriera; il terzo, infine, è de-dicato alla relazione tra racconto giovanile e strutture narrative e ad un tentativo di in-terpretazione complessiva del fenomeno.
Souleau, Pauline. "Writing (hi)story : Gascony in Jean Froissart's chroniques". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:42e4a888-0d08-486b-bf0d-1d67713f89e5.
Texto completoPellissa, Prades Gemma. "La ficció sentimental catalana de la segona meitat del s. XV". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/132580.
Texto completoA series of works were written in the second half of the fifteenth century that shared the same motifs and rhetorical resources concerning love passion (theorization about love, description of love symptoms, first-person narrators, use of allegories and letters, prosimetrum, sentimental imagery). It was not the genesis of a new genre, but it was the development of a new literary trend known as 'sentimental romance'. This thesis deals with the first comprehensive overview of Catalan sentimental romance. To this purpose, a census was created. It contains all the works (translations, original texts and works in prose or in verse) that should be studied in relation to this trend. Moreover, the census showed critical gaps that had to be addressed, such as the need for an edition and a study of Faula de Diana ('Diana's Fable') and the unpublished work Requesta ('Love Request'), both written by Francesc Alegre. The analysis of Faula de Diana reveals it was influenced by Tragèdia de Caldesa ('Caldesa's Tragedy') by Joan Roís de Corella and Alegre's Catalan translation of Ovid's Metamorphoses. Last but not least, this thesis also contains an annex with the edition of Paris and Vienne's Catalan version which has been based on the incunable preserved at The Royal Library in Copenhagen. The comparison between this version and the French one is certainly useful in order to understand the nature of sentimental romance as a literary trend.
Schenkel, Luciana de Moraes. "A Demanda do Santo Graal e seus entrecruzamentos". reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/16229.
Texto completoThis work is a comparative study of two novels of Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot or the Knight of the chariots and Perceval or the Romance of the Grail and The demand of the Holy Grail. Through this study it intends to show that the reading of each novel, separately, can lead to misleading interpretations, since it is not considered the general context in which the works were produced. Thus, in this paper it aims a more complete reading of these works that would be in three stages: the reading that each author has made from the myth of King Arthur, which was built in phases, the reading of medieval context made by each author and the different readings that one author leads to see the other, which would not be possible without the crossing of the texts. Thus, it will be pursued in the works the treatment directed to women and the construction of the figure of the hero in three novels. Through these investigative lines it intendeds to demonstrate not only what the three works have in common features, but mainly, which are different. Firstly, it will review the critical fortune on the matter of Britain, seeking to show that the most relevant was said about these two important aspects pursued by the major authors that focused specifically on the works studied and on the stories involving the king Arthur and his court. Secondly, will be outlined the theory of intertextuality emphasizing the indispensable contribution of the gaze to the intertextual analysis of the works. From this, it will be the intersection of the three texts to prove the change that the theory of intertextuality provides the reading of three works. By making use of the theories of comparative literature, particularly the intertextuality, it intends to demonstrate that The demand of the Holy Grail is a continuation of Lancelot or the Knight of the chariots and of Perceval or the Romance of the Grail, in which the presence of Christian elements increasing gradually, and not its opposite, as affirm the majority of experts in the matter of Brittany.
Maillet, Fanny. "Extraire la littérature médiévale : du fonds de l’Arsenal à la Bibliothèque universelle des romans". Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040075.
Texto completoThe Bibliothèque universelle des romans (1775-1789, 224 vol.) is a literary periodical collection with a non-scientific claim, initiated by the marquis de Paulmy whose personal library (now the Arsenal Library) provided the first material. Paulmy managed it from the beginning until 1779. The way this important collection deals with medieval literature raises the general question of its reception at the end of the 18th century, and the role occupied by the BUR and its authors in the history of literary studies. Our work primarily consists in identifying the contributors, their relative part in the laboratory of the Arsenal, and their source materials. The transition from a specific corpus of texts to a printed library of novels requires, in the BUR, the practice of extracting, an approach, as we try to show, that results –from research to testing– in the creation of a real critical genre. From this corpus of extracts emerges indeed, under the pen of the BUR’s authors, the formulation of a literary history that we intend to present in this work
Ridoux, Charles. "Evolution des études médiévales en France de 1860 à 1914". Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030151.
Texto completoThe thesis is arranged in three sections of unequal length. The first section deals with the early stages of the development of the french school of romanic philology, from 1860 to 1872. Section 2 covers the period 1872-1903, from the creation of the romania to the death of gaston paris. Section 3 is devoted to the emergence of a new generation of philologists (1903-1914). Section 2 falls into 2 parts, one devoted to institutions and instruments of research, with a final survey of the expansion of the new school both in france and abroad, the other dealing with the debates within french romanist studies and their contribution to the various genres of medieval literature, with a portrait of the founding fathers and leading figures in the field. Such a wide ranging study, covering both medieval studies and the history of scholarly institutions in france, calls for a large reference section. It is made up of two separate bibliographies organized on a similar pattern. One is an exhaustive list of works, articles and accounts cited in the thesis, the other an additional bibliography listing books and articles likely to provide further insights into the subject (2280 items altogether). A detailed index of names (13 pages) is provided as well at the end of the thesis
Mariani, Daniela. "La Vie des Pères. Genèse et diffusion d'un recueil de contes exemplaires du XIIIe siècle". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368638.
Texto completoBORRIERO, Giovanni. "Le topos du 'livre-source' dans les romans français du XIIe et XIIIe siècle". Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/373008.
Texto completoThe purpose of this dissertation is to investigate the topos of the book intended as a model - namely the reference to a fictitious source (for example «com l’estoire dist, il est verités») - in Twelfth and Thirteenth-Centuries French romances : in order to justify his assertions, the poet refers to a generic and indefinite source as an auctoritas. The first section of the thesis (chapter I) defines the research field and establishes the methodology adopted for this survey by studying the development of this topos in a series of selected texts. This section gives also an overview of the literary gender, defines the chronological boundaries of the study and shows the evolution of the topos in Medieval French literature. The second section of the dissertation, consisting of two chapters (II and III), analyzes the problematic notion of this topos, explores in depth the declarations concerning the sources and examines the textual tradition. The second chapter studies the Old French ‘matière d’Alexandre’ from Auberi’s Alexandre to the venjeances, while the third chapter focuses on the ‘problematic notion of source’ in the Roman de Thèbes and in the Roman de Troie. The Appendix contains a stylistic study of two borrowings from Ovid translated and abridged in the Roman d’Alexandre (the stories of Narcissus and Arachnes) which are claimed to be taken from an unknown source by using the topos of the ‘model book’. The sections ‘Fiches’ and ‘Tables’ are a formalisation of materials examined in chapters II-III. The study provides two indexes and is accompanied by bibliography.
Luís, Elisabete Gonçalves. "A dádiva e o feminino no texto medieval : uma linguagem subliminar". Master's thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/1267.
Texto completoVislumbrar e, por conseguinte, construir um outro sentido poético ou textual, circunscrito numa relação consubstancial entre a dádiva e o mundo feminino, constitui proposta deste trabalho. Nesse sentido, deambula-se pelos ditos e inter-ditos do jogo metafórico (vedado a não iniciados) do romance do século XII, na procura e decifração de uma linguagem subliminar representada por todas essas transacções (visíveis ou invisíveis, manifestas ou secretas, intra ou intertextuais) colocadas sob a égide do feminino enquanto paradigma de um poderoso imaginário oblativo que molda, em profundidade, os contornos da narrativa ficcional. Perscrutam-se assim vectores simbólicos, imaginários e históricos (nas suas dimensões social, económica, política e cultural) no e para além do véu superficial da narrativa, através de situações de dádiva criadas (a hospitalidade) e das trajectórias e apropriações dos objectos pela mão feminina conferidos. Partindo de uma exploração teórica e da analogia, na sua funcionalidade e estatuto, entre o dom e a Mulher, este trabalho visa penetrar na interioridade de obras emblemáticas do século XII, a fim de, numa atitude reflexiva, pôr em relevo novas (ou renovadas) estruturas ou imagens poéticas e apontar para outros sentidos possíveis para os textos. Procura-se, em suma, através dessa linguagem implícita, a superação (ou não) de hiatos e elipses inter e intra-textuais. Revelando e correlacionando ficções dentro da ficção, este trabalho convida, desta forma, a um iniciático percurso à palavra simbólica, no qual a invisibilidade e inconfessionabilidade da linguagem da dádiva feminina desempenha importante função.
Carreto, Carlos F. Clamote. "O mercador de palavras ou as encruzilhadas da escrita medieval : (1100-1270)". Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.2/2470.
Texto completoO século XII francês caracteriza-se por múltiplas transformações (políticas, sociais, económicas, jurídicas, ideológicas, culturais) que redefinem, lenta mas profundamente, os contornos da civilização medieval. Ora, uma das mutações mais decisivas (senão a mais decisiva e marcante) reside justamente na passagem, que perscrutamos atentamente a partir dos múltiplos discursos que in-formam o texto poético, de uma economia oblativa, intimamente ligada ao pensamento simbólico, para uma economia mercantil e monetária, subordinada ao imaginário do signo. Será por mero acaso se vemos nascer e desenvolver-se, neste preciso contexto, a narrativa ficcional em língua vernacular (em romance)? Ou será uma mesma viragem epistemológica que dá simultaneamente origem à notável monetarização (aos mais diversos níveis) das relações sociais, ao renascimento da vitalidade urbana (factores através dos quais tendem a dissolver-se os laços, extremamente fortes e ritualizados, que uniam os homens uns aos outros na sociedade feudal), ao desabrochar do pensamento escolástico e das Ordens Mendicantes, à irrupção das catedrais góticas e à emergência de uma literatura profana que reivindica, pouco a pouco, a sua autonomia perante os sistemas poéticos latinos ou neolatinos? Surgia assim uma rede coerente de possíveis analogias na qual se vislumbrava a estranha e singular geminalidade entre a imagem ambígua do mercador (modelo da fertilidade e comunicação restauradas sobre o qual plana, todavia, e inelutavelmente, o espectro da usura, da avareza, da fraude, da mentira e da falsificação diabólicas) e a não menos ambígua figura do poeta, esse demiurgo que se compraz no jogo, ao mesmo tempo lúdico e subversivo, dos simulacros da Palavra, da Criação e da Verdade. Sobre ambos, pesa o anátema da danação; ambos aspiram, no limiares de uma espécie de Purgatório da linguagem, à plena legitimação dos respectivos discursos. Numa altura em que começam a desagregar-se os valores constitutivos do feudalismo, em que a relação com um Significado fundador, referencial, se torna cada vez mais longínqua e irrecuperável, a ficção e a moeda cunhada emergem assim como dois novos tipos de mediação ante o objecto de desejo, como duas formas de escrita (homólogas, embora distintas e autónomas) que modificam as relações com o Outro e com o mundo (e com o Outro-Mundo inclusive), tanto quanto as suas respectivas representações, e através das quais se elaboram, em suma, novos processos de simbolização. A dualidade e duplicidade que se instauram entre estes dois modos privilegiados de representação (mental e socialmente construída) não podia deixar de ter influências na própria concepção da palavra poética. Com efeito, a forma como dialogam, se entrelaçam, colidem ou se excluem mutuamente imaginário oblativo (bem patente no ideal cavaleiresco e cortês de liberalidade, por exemplo) e imaginário mercantil, abre-nos um terreno de investigação único para observarmos o modo como os dois principais géneros narrativos em verso dos séculos XII-XIII (a canção de gesta e o romance que analisamos mais minuciosamente), reflectem e/ou inflectem o universo que os rodeia e, nesse processo, verificar de que forma se interrogam sobre o seu próprio estatuto e se posicionam um face ao outro através de secretas ou explícitas relações dialógicas e intertextuais. Se, nesta perspectiva, vemos o discurso épico dar, frequentemente, corpo e voz ao inconsciente ideológico e textual recalcado nos inúmeros inter-ditos, ou não-ditos, que estruturam o imaginário romanesco (e vice versa), evidenciando simultaneamente as potencialidades e os limites de uma determinada concepção da linguagem poética e da visão do mundo que (a) sustenta e veicula, caberá à chamada narrativa "realista" do século XIII levar este processo de reflexão (no sentido cognitivo e especular do termo) às últimas consequências. Com efeito, ao multiplicar falaciosamente os "efeitos de real" e as referências ao universo económico, esta narrativa sugere que a única realidade da/na literatura consiste, na verdade, no facto de ser uma arte, subtil e engenhosamente, tecida através de uma temível e sedutora manipulação da retórica da linguagem e das formas significantes nas quais se espelha incessantemente. Desta nova economia poética, emerge uma (in)suspeita, mas agora triunfal e triunfante, relação entre o poeta e o mercador de palavras, entre a usura e a narrativa ficcional enquanto infinita reprodução de simulacros e perpétua deslocação metafórica de uma significação ao mesmo tempo proliferante e sempre ausente; relação na qual se vislumbra a natureza paradoxal, evanescente e profundamente enganadora, do texto medieval como eterna falsa moeda sígnica e semântica.
The twelfth century is a complex period, characterised by an unusual quantity of transformations at all levels (political, social, economic, juridical, ideological and cultural) which would, slowly but profoundly, redefine the contours of Western Civilization. One of the most decisive mutations (if not the most decisive and impactive one) lies in the transition, deeply analysed by us through the several discourses which in-form the poetical text, from the so-called gift economy, closely related to the symbolic though, to a monetary mercantile economy, subordinated to the sign imaginary. Can it be mere chance if we can also find, precisely during that period and context, the beginning and development of the written fictional narrative in vernacular language, (the romance)? Or is it not rather the same epistemological turnover which originates, simultaneously, the remarkable monetarization of social relationships, the rebirth of urban vitality (the towns being the set for an important progressive weakening of the strong and ritualised personal bonds which maintained the cohesion of the traditional feudal society), the flourishing of scholastic thought and Mendicant Orders, the irruption of Cathedral churches and the emergence of profane Literature which slowly takes its autonomous place among the latin and neolatin poetic systems? Faced with this vast net of possible analogies, we were forced to recognise the strange and singular similarity and closeness between the ambiguous image of the merchant (a model of restored fertility and communication, upon whom, nevertheless, always planes the spectre of usury, greed, fraud, lie and devilish forgery) and the none the less ambiguous one of the poet, the demiurge who indulges himself permanently in the vain, ludic and subversive gamble of playing with the Word, the Creation and the Truth. The anathema of damnation stands upon both of them; they both aspire - at the verge of a sort of Purgatory of the Language – to the universal recognition of the legitimacy of their respective discourses. In an era in which the feudal values were starting to dissolve, and the relation to a founding Signified, source of every reference, becomes more and more distant and irrecoverable, the fiction and the minted coin emerge as the two new models for mediation in the face of the object of desire, as two forms of writing (similar although very distinct and autonomous), which drastically modify the relation to the Other and to the World (and to the Other World, as well), just as their respective representations, thus creating a whole new process of simbolization. The duality and duplicity which pervade these two privileged forms of representation (mentally and socially constructed) would forcibly end up behaving serious reflections in the poetic word. In fact, the forms through which the oblative imaginary (in the centre of the chivalric and courtly code of honour) communicates, intermixes, collides or opposes the mercantile imaginary, opens a unique field of research which enables us to observe the way in which the two main versified narrative genres in the twelfth-thirteenth centuries (the chanson the geste and the romance being the ones here under scrutiny) reflect and/ or inflect the universe surrounding them. And, in the course of that same process, to verify the ways in which they position themselves facing one another, through secret or explicit dialogic and intertextual relations. If, under this perspective, we frequently see the epic discourse as voicing and embodying the ideological and textual unconsciousness of the repressed inumerous inter-dicts or non verbalised (unsaid) concepts which shape the romance imaginary (and vice versa), thus enlightening the potentialities and the limits of a certain conception of poetic language and of the respective world vision which feds it and promoted it, it will be the "realistic" narrative of the thirteenth-century to take this process of reflection to its last consequences. By fictively multiplying the "reality effects" and the references to the economic universe, this narrative suggests that the only reality of/ in Literature consists, basically, in the fact that it is an art, subtle and ingeniously, woven through a frightening and seductive rhetoric manipulation of the language and the signifier forms in which it is unceasingly mirrored. From this new poetic economy comes an unsuspected but now triumphal and triumphant relation between the poet and the merchant of words, between usury and fictional narrative. An infinite reproduction of fictiveness and a perpetual metaphoric dislocation of a meaning which is simultaneously proliferating and absent. A relation in which we can envisage the paradoxical, evanescent and profoundly deceiving nature of the medieval text as an eternal false coin of sign and meaning.
Le XIIe siècle est incontestablement une période bigarrée dont les contours multiformes traduisent les diverses transformations (sur le plan politique, social, économique, juridique, culturel ou idéologique) qui redessinent, lentement mais en profondeur, les traits de la civilisation médiévale. Or, une des plus marquante, sinon la plus marquante et décisive, de ces mutations réside justement dans le passage, que nous observons attentivement en nous appuyant sur les nombreux discours qui in-forment le texte poétique, d'une économie du don, intimement liée à la pensée symbolique, à une économie monétaire et marchande subordonnée à l'imaginaire du signe. Est-ce, dès lors, une simple coïncidence si nous voyons immerger et se développer, dans ce contexte, une foisonnante littérature écrite en langue vernaculaire (le roman)? Ou est-ce un même tournant épistémologique qui ouvre simultanément les portes à une remarquable (sous tous les points de vue) monétarisation des rapports sociaux, au renouveau de la vitalité urbaine (la ville étant l'espace où se distendent désormais les liens, extrêmement forts et ritualisés, qui unissaient les hommes au cœur de la société féodale traditionnelle), à l'éclosion de la pensée scolastique et à la multiplication des Ordres Mendiants, à l'irruption des cathédrales gothiques et à la naissance d'une littérature profane qui revendique, peu à peu, son autonomie face aux systèmes poétiques latins ou néo-latins? On voit ainsi se mettre en branle un réseau très cohérent d'analogies possibles au sein duquel on commence à soupçonner d'une étrange et singulière gémellité entre l'image ambiguë du marchant (modèle de fertilité et exemple d'une communication restaurée sur lesquels plane cependant le spectre diabolique de l'usure, de l'avarice, de la fraude, du mensonge et de la contrefaction) et celle, non moins ambiguë, du poète, ce démiurge qui se plait incessamment à prendre le lecteur au jeu tout à la fois vain, ludique et subversif des simulacres de la Parole, de la Création et de la Vérité. Sur l'un comme sur l'autre pèse l'anathème de la damnation; tout deux aspirent également – au seuil d'une espèce de Purgatoire du langage – à voir leurs discours accéder pleinement à la légitimité. À une époque où l'on assiste à la désagrégation des valeurs constitutives de la féodalité, où le rapport à un Signifié fondateur et source de toutes références devient de plus en plus lointain et irrécupérable, la fiction et la monnaie frappée émanent comme deux nouveaux modèles de médiation à l'égard de l'objet du désir, comme deux formes d'écriture (analogues bien que distinctes et autonomes) qui modifient profondément les rapports à l'Autre et au monde (et à l'Autre-Monde, bien entendu), aussi bien que la façon dont ils sont représentés, et autour desquelles se bâtissent, en somme, de nouveaux processus de symbolisation. La dualité et la duplicité qui s'instaurent ainsi entre ces deux modes privilégiés de représentation (mentalement et socialement construite) avaient forcément des reflets sur la conception même de la parole poétique. En effet, la façon dont l'imaginaire oblatif (au cœur de l'idéal de la largesse chevaleresque et courtoise, par exemple) dialogue, s'entrelace ou entre en rupture avec l'imaginaire marchand, ouvre à la recherche un domaine riche et unique où il est permis d'observer comment les deux principaux genres narratifs en vers des XIIe et XIIIe siècles (la chanson de geste et le roman que nous analysons le plus en détail) réfléchissent et/ou infléchissent l'univers qui les entoure, et ce faisant, comment ils se questionnent sur leur propre statut et se positionnent l'un par rapport à l'autre par le biais des relations dialogiques ou intertextuelles qu'ils maintiennent secrètement ou explicitement. Si le discours épique apparaît, dans cette perspective, comme une forme qui donne fréquemment corps et voix à l'inconscient idéologique et textuel refoulé ou enfoui dans les innombrables inter-dits et non-dits qui structurent l'imaginaire romanesque (et vice versa), mettant ainsi en évidence les potentialités et les limites d'un certain langage poétique et de la vision du monde qu'il véhicule et qui le soutient tout à la fois, il incombera au récit - que la critique désigne vulgairement de "réaliste" - du XIIIe siècle de pousser jusqu'aux ultimes conséquences ce processus de réflexion (au sens cognitif et spéculaire du terme). En effet, en multipliant illusoirement les "effets de réel" et les références à l'univers économique, ce récit suggère, en fait, qu'il d'existe d'autre réalité de/dans la littérature que celle qui la définit comme un art subtilement tissé par une menaçante et séductrice manipulation (de la) rhétorique du langage et des signifiants où il se miroite continûment. Il ressort de cette nouvelle économie poétique un (in)suspect, mais désormais triomphal et triomphant, rapport entre le poète et le marchant de paroles, entre l'usure et la fiction en tant que reproduction infinie de simulacres et perpétuel déplacement métaphorique d'une signification à la fois sans cesse foisonnante et toujours absente; rapport qui laisse deviner la nature paradoxale, évanescente et profondément trompeuse, du texte médiéval en sa qualité d'éternelle fausse monnaie du signe et du sens. Sujets: Littérature médiévale française (XIIe-XIIIe siècles); Le marchant dans la littérature médiévale; Culture et civilisation du Moyen Âge, Histoire et critique littéraires; Théorie(s) de la littérature (rhétorique, poétique, théorie des genres); Économie et littérature; Langage et imaginaire.
Vondráčková, Kristýna. "Byl jednou jeden cizinec na cestě". Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-328531.
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