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1
Cecil, J. E. Roller milling sorgum and millet grain using a semi wet process. London: Tropical Development and Research Institute, 1986.
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Cernison, Matteo. Social Media Activism. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462980068.
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This book focuses on the referendums against water privatization in Italy and explores how activists took to social media, ultimately convincing twenty-seven million citizens to vote. Investigating the relationship between social movements and internet-related activism during complex campaigns, this book examines how a technological evolution — the increased relevance of social media platforms — affected in very different ways organizations with divergent characteristics, promoting at the same time decentralized communication practices, and new ways of coordinating dispersed communities of people. Matteo Cernison combines and adapts a wide set of methods, from social network analysis to digital ethnography, in order to explore in detail how digital activism and face-to-face initiatives interact and overlap. He argues that the geographical scale of actions, the role played by external media professionals, and the activists’ perceptions of digital technologies are key elements that contribute in a significant way to shape the very different communication practices often described as online activism.
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Veere, Anoma, Florian Schneider y Catherine Lo. Public Health in Asia during the COVID-19 Pandemic. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463720977.
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Every nation in Asia has dealt with COVID-19 differently and with varying levels of success in the absence of clear and effective leadership from the WHO. As a result, the WHO’s role in Asia as a global health organization is coming under increasing pressure. As its credibility is slowly being eroded by public displays of incompetence and negligence, it has also become an arena of contestation. Moreover, while the pandemic continues to undermine the future of global health governance as a whole, the highly interdependent economies in Asia have exposed the speed with which pandemics can spread, as intensive regional travel and business connections have caused every area in the region to be hit hard. The migrant labor necessary to sustain globalized economies has been strained and the security of international workers is now more precarious than ever, as millions have been left stranded, seen their entry blocked, or have limited access to health services. This volume provides an accessible framework for the understanding the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic in Asia, with a specific emphasis on global governance in health and labor.
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Tsimonis, Konstantinos. The Chinese Communist Youth League. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989863.
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The Chinese Communist Youth League is the largest youth political organization in the world, with over 80 million members. Former Chinese President Hu Jintao was a firm supporter of the League, and believed that it could play a bigger role in winning the hearts and minds of Chinese youth by actively engaging with their interests and demands. Accordingly, he provided the League with a new youth work mandate to increase its capacity for responsiveness under the slogan 'keep the Party assured and the youth satisfied'. This original investigation of the hitherto-unexamined organization uses a combination of interviews, surveys and ethnography to explore how the League implemented Hu's mandate at both local and national levels, exposing the contradictory nature of some of its campaigns. By doing so, it also sheds light on the reasons for Xi Jinping's turn against the League during his first term in office. The Chinese Communist Youth League: Juniority and Responsiveness in a Party Youth Organization develops the original concept of 'juniority' to capture the complex ways that generational power is institutionalized, alienating young people from official political processes, with significant implications for China's political development. The book will be of interest to researchers and students of Chinese politics, as well as to scholars of comparative youth politics and sociology.
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Nigro, Giampiero, ed. Gestione dell'acqua in Europa (XII-XVIII Secc.) / Water Management in Europe (12th-18th centuries). Florence: Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-700-9.
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Water was a source of wealth which facilitated, fostered or brutally halted economic development in the Ancien Regime. Lack of hygiene meant that water was used less for drinking than other drinks, but as a raw material, source of energy, cooling, rinsing and cleansing agent, water was unequalled. It played a role in public and private relaxation and in health. Water also proved to be an ideal, safe and cheap means of transporting goods and ideas. Urban historians have long pointed to the enormous comparative advantage enjoyed by towns and regions whose favourable maritime or riverine location gave them access to cheap water-borne transport. But water just as often posed a threat to economic development and prosperity, whether due to its absence or its specific composition or level of pollution or to uncontrollable abundance. This duality is still present today in our modern, globalised society. While huge quantities of fresh, potable water are wasted in the West, free or cheap access to fresh and abundant water supplies remains a major challenge for millions of individuals on the planet. Major floods in different parts of the world regularly cause economic damage and endless human suffering. With a Settimana devoted to the management of the water supply, excluding related topics as water consumption, water transport and the use of water in agriculture and industry, the Istituto Datini is seeking to draw attention.
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Berner, Robert A. The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195173338.001.0001.
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The term "carbon cycle" is normally thought to mean those processes that govern the present-day transfer of carbon between life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. This book describes another carbon cycle, one which operates over millions of years and involves the transfer of carbon between rocks and the combination of life, the atmosphere, and the oceans. The weathering of silicate and carbonate rocks and ancient sedimentary organic matter (including recent, large-scale human-induced burning of fossil fuels), the burial of organic matter and carbonate minerals in sediments, and volcanic degassing of carbon dioxide contribute to this cycle. In The Phanerozoic Carbon Cycle, Robert Berner shows how carbon cycle models can be used to calculate levels of atmospheric CO2 and O2 over Phanerozoic time, the past 550 million years, and how results compare with independent methods. His analysis has implications for such disparate subjects as the evolution of land plants, the presence of giant ancient insects, the role of tectonics in paleoclimate, and the current debate over global warming and greenhouse gases
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Plotkin, Mark J. The Amazon. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190668297.001.0001.
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The Amazon is a land of superlatives. The complex ecosystem covers an area about the size of the continental U.S. The Amazon River discharges 57 million gallons of water per second--in two hours, this would be enough to supply all of New York City’s 7.5 million residents with water for a year. Its flora and fauna are abundant. Approximately one of every four flowering plant species on earth resides in the Amazon. A single Amazonian river may contain more fish species than all the rivers in Europe combined. It is home to the world's largest anteater, armadillo, freshwater turtle, and spider, as well as the largest rodent (which weighs over 200 lbs.), catfish (250 lbs.), and alligator (more than half a ton). The rainforest, which contains approximately 390 billion trees, plays a vital role in stabilizing the global climate by absorbing massive amounts of carbon dioxide--or releasing it into the atmosphere if the trees are destroyed. Severe droughts in both Brazil and Southeast Asia have been linked to Amazonian deforestation, as have changing rainfall patterns in the U.S., Europe, and China. The Amazon also serves as home to millions of people. Approximately seventy tribes of isolated and uncontacted people are concentrated in the western Amazon, completely dependent on the land and river. These isolated groups have been described as the most marginalized peoples in the western hemisphere, with no voice in the decisions made about their futures and the fate of their forests. In this addition to the What Everyone Needs to Know® series, ecologist and conservation expert, Mark J. Plotkin, who has spent 40 years studying Amazonia, its peoples, flora, and fauna. The Amazon offers an engaging overview of this irreplaceable ecosystem and the challenges it faces.
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Schoppa, Keith. The Twentieth Century. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190497354.001.0001.
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The twentieth century was studded with extraordinary achievements in medicine, science, technology, and space. Yet, this century was the most violent in history, killing an estimated 30 million people in cold-blooded genocides and, in wars, an estimated 187 million. There was not a single year in the hundred-year span when there were no significant wars. In each chapter I have chosen several men and women, many not well-known, on whom I focus a bit more than other historical actors. They reflect the spirit of their times, though their approaches and contributions are distinctively nuanced. Existing in a climate primed for war and violence, they, like everyone else, had to decide where their source of political identity lay and, when a decision was necessary, where their political allegiance would fall: To their own lives as individuals in a specific locality? Or to a particular nation? Or to the larger global community? Given that this allegiance has been much discussed during the last half of the century up through today, to what geographical level do we see world citizens committing their allegiance? That answer will be a key determinant of the future. This chronological narrative also traces other crucial twentieth-century developments: women and their professional and social roles, goals, successes, and setbacks; the powerful forces of race and ethnicity; the role of identity; environmental issues, including atomic energy and the sustainability of natural resources; the causes and changing nature of wars around the world; and the historical roles of contingency and memory.
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Franceschi, Silvia, Hashem B. El-Serag, David Forman, Robert Newton y Martyn Plummer. Infectious Agents. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0024.
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Eleven infectious agents (seven viruses, three parasites, and one bacterium) have been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans for one or more cancer sites: hepatitis B virus; hepatitis C virus; thirteen types of human papillomavirus (HPV); human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); human T-cell leukemia virus type 1; Epstein-Barr virus; Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus; Helicobacter pylori; Opisthorchis viverrini; Clonorchis sinensis; and Schistosoma haematobium. Other infectious agents, such as Merkel cell polyomavirus, Plasmodium falciparum, and cutaneous HPVs, have been classified as “probably carcinogenic” or “possibly carcinogenic.” Accurate biomarkers of chronic infection have been essential for estimating risk and ascribing a causal role to infectious agents in cancer. Of the 14 million cases of cancer estimated to have occurred worldwide in 2012, 2.2 million were caused by infectious agents. Vaccination and screen-and-treat programs have the potential for greatly reducing the burden of cancer caused by infections.
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Qiu, Chengxuan y Laura Fratiglioni. Epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199569854.003.0003.
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• Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent type of dementia in elderly people. An expert panel estimates that worldwide more than 24 million people are affected by dementia, most suffering from Alzheimer’s disease• The etiological factors other than old age and genetic susceptibility for Alzheimer’s disease remain to be determined, but current evidence strongly supports the potential role of vascular risk factors and psychosocial factors in the pathogenetic process and clinical manifestation of the dementing disorders...
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From Panthers to Promise Keepers: Rethinking the Men's Movement (The New Social Formations). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004.
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From Panthers to Promise Keepers: Rethinking the Men's Movement (The New Social Formations). Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2004.
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Newton, Judith. From Panthers to Promise Keepers: Rethinking the Men's Movement. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Incorporated, 2004.
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Alanzi, Menawer. Drug Control in Public Education Environments. Naif University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26735/978-603-8235-84-3.
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The phenomenon of drug abuse has become one of the most dangerous social problems facing all nations of the world, due to the health, social and economic harms caused by this phenomenon. In spite of the efforts rendered to confront this phenomenon, it continues to increase. The latest study conducted by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in 2017 on global drug abuse revealed that about 250 million people which constitutes about 5% of the world's adult population at least used drugs in 2015. Even more seriously, 30 million of them began to suffer from mental disorders as a result of their drug use. Moreover, the spread of drug abuse among adolescents and youth has led to the mounting of this phenomenon, which necessitates the need to pay attention on how to combat and prevent drugs. This role can be played by multiple institutions of society, especially general education institutions that can have an effective and important role in drug control and prevention by focusing on the preventive aspect. Based on the foregoing, this study attempts to identify the scientific and procedural measures, procedures, and methods that may contribute to drug control and prevention in general education environment.
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Peach, Ken. Managing Projects. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796077.003.0012.
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This chapter reviews and provides examples of elements and techniques of project management. In the good old days, when conception to completion was a few months, the process of project management was relatively informal. However, with the increasing complexity and cost of projects, many routinely costing millions and some costing billions, the process has become more formalized. This chapter discusses the roles of the client, the sponsor, the leader, the manager and the team member. In addition, the three key parameters of project management, quality, cost and schedule, are defined and discussed. Finally, various project management methodologies and tools, such as work breakdown structures, Gantt charts and milestones, are presented.
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Saba, Roberto. American Mirror. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190747.001.0001.
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In the nineteenth century, the United States and Brazil were the largest slave societies in the Western world. The former enslaved approximately four million people, the latter nearly two million. Slavery was integral to the production of agricultural commodities for the global market, and governing elites feared the system's demise would ruin their countries. Yet, when slavery ended in the United States and Brazil, in 1865 and 1888 respectively, what resulted was immediate and continuous economic progress. This book investigates how American and Brazilian reformers worked together to ensure that slave emancipation would advance the interests of capital. The book explores the methods through which antislavery reformers fostered capitalist development in a transnational context. From the 1850s to the 1880s, this coalition of Americans and Brazilians consolidated wage labor as the dominant production system in their countries. These reformers were not romantic humanitarians, but cosmopolitan modernizers who worked together to promote labor-saving machinery, new transportation technology, scientific management, and technical education. They successfully used such innovations to improve production and increase trade. Challenging commonly held ideas about slavery and its demise in the Western Hemisphere, the book illustrates the crucial role of slave emancipation in the making of capitalism.
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Delcourt, Candice y Craig Anderson. Management of parenchymal haemorrhage. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0237.
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Parenchymal intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) affects several million people in the world each year, most of whom reside in developing countries. ICH accounts for 10-40% of strokes and is the least treatable form of stroke with a 30-day mortality of 30-55%, with half of these deaths occurring within the first few days of onset. . High blood pressure is both a causal and prognostic factor for ICH, with early control of hypertension being the only medical treatment which may improve recovery and the level of residual functioning. The role of surgery remains controversial. Management is largely supportive and aimed at reducing further brain injury and preventing complications.
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Leather, Simon. Insects: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198847045.001.0001.
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Insects: A Very Short Introduction explores the insects’ evolution, behaviour, and development, highlighting their pivotal role in supporting ecosystems across the planet. It considers the threats of pesticides and climate change on the insect population, and the potentially catastrophic impact of their decline. The VSI describes insects as a fascinatingly diverse and beautiful group of animals. They are found on all continents, in caves, underground, inside other insects, in rivers, lakes, and puddles, and in our houses. To date, over a million insect species have been named. It also mentions that insects include predators, parasites, herbivores, detritivores, fungivores, and saproxylics that live on decaying wood.
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Prusin, Alexander. Nation-Building and Moving People. Editado por Nicholas Doumanis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199695669.013.31.
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At the end of the Second World War, the victorious Allies and the Eastern European states initiated the greatest forced population transfer in human history. It varied in scope, duration, and intensity, and affected and disrupted the lives of millions of people. An important role in these processes was played by ‘historical places’—defined spatial dimensions where the aspirations of titular majorities and the governing polities frequently collided with target groups. This essay examines the situation in western Poland, Slovakia, and the Adriatic coast of Yugoslavia, where the post-war population transfers of minority groups served as tools for nation-building and political homogeneity.
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Platte, Nathan. “Drama Rising like Mighty Music”. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371112.003.0003.
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Selznick’s move to RKO in 1931 brought the producer in contact with music director Max Steiner. Through their collaborative relationship they defined and directed the role of symphonic underscore in Hollywood. This chapter charts their systematic expansion of background scoring within individual films and the extension of this music beyond films in sheet music and concert performances. Special emphasis is placed on Symphony of Six Million (1932) and the “island-adventure trilogy” of Bird of Paradise (1932), The Most Dangerous Game (1932), and King Kong (1933). Tracking music’s role across these four films reveals how Steiner and Selznick’s experimental use of background scoring creatively reworked silent-era musical practices to produce a widely influential scoring model. Selznick’s RKO productions also feature critical but overlooked contributions from orchestrator Bernhard Kaun, sound engineer Murray Spivack, and African-American choral director Clarence Muse.
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Scott, Andrew C. Fire: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198830030.001.0001.
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Fire: A Very Short Introduction considers fire’s four-hundred-million-year history, its chemical composition, its role in human development, and its different meanings, from heat and comfort to death and destruction. Fires in buildings regularly make the headlines, and news of wildfires now reaches our computer and smartphone screens. Urban and pastoral attitudes to fire can differ and formulating fire suppression policies can be complex. Two things have fundamentally altered our understanding: increased knowledge about fire in the deep time before human evolution, and the growth of satellite technology, which has transformed how we observe fire. In the context of our changing climate, an improved understanding of fire worldwide is urgently needed.
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Siecienski, A. Edward. Orthodox Christianity: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780190883270.001.0001.
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To many in the West, Orthodoxy remains shrouded in mystery, an exotic and foreign religion that survived in the East following the Great Schism of 1054 that split the Christian world into two camps—Catholic and Orthodox. However, as the second largest Christian denomination, Orthodox Christianity is anything but foreign to the nearly 300 million worshippers who practice it. For them, Orthodoxy is a living, breathing reality. Whether they are Greek, Russian, or American, Orthodox Christians are united by a common tradition and faith that binds them together despite differences in culture. Orthodox Christianity: A Very Short Introduction explores the enduring role of this religion, and the history, beliefs, and practices that have shaped it.
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Frey, Bruno S. y Jana Gallus. Awards in the Voluntary Sector. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198798507.003.0005.
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In the voluntary sector awards play a particularly important role because the respective organizations are often cash constrained, and social recognition is an important motivation for volunteers (which risks being crowded out by monetary pay). There are millions of people who voluntarily contribute to Wikipedia under pseudonyms (i.e. make anonymous contributions), but the number of active editors is on a pronounced decline, particularly among new editors. A field experiment is presented, which shows that a purely symbolic award scheme targeted at newcomers significantly raises their retention rate. The motivational effect persists over an entire year. It can be explained by the enhanced identity with the community, status and reputation concerns, recognition and self-confidence, and attention.
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Russell, Georgina y Onn Min Kon. Tuberculosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199657742.003.0022.
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Tuberculosis is an important infection globally, with 1.45 million deaths attributed to tuberculosis in 2010 by the World Health Organization. Respiratory physicians need to be familiar with the varied presentations and management of this disease. In addition, the proportion of cases now presenting with extrapulmonary disease are approximately half of all cases, and of particular relevance is mediastinal node tuberculosis which represents about 10% of all cases of tuberculosis in the United Kingdom. This chapter presents the case of a patient with miliary tuberculosis who developed significant drug toxicities with antituberculous therapy. The chapter reviews the role of different investigations in making a diagnosis, including the role of the Mantoux test and interferon-gamma release assays, and discusses the often challenging job of contact tracing. Finally, the chapter reviews the management of both sensitive and drug-resistant disease, along with how to manage adverse drug reactions.
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Kieffer, Christine N. y Gary R. Mottola. Understanding and Combating Investment Fraud. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808039.003.0010.
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Investment fraud is a significant problem in America. Many Baby Boomers are entering retirement with significant assets, and enforcement actions by financial regulators indicate that investors can be vulnerable to fraud at key ‘wealth events’ in their lives, such as when they face a decision about what to do with money arising from the sale of a house, an inheritance, or an IRA rollover. Protecting these assets—for Baby Boomers and younger generations who face key wealth events—will be important to ensure the financial well-being and retirement security of millions of Americans. This chapter reviews the prevalence and impact of financial and investment fraud, explores the value of using demographic characteristics, psychographic characteristics, and the number of times an individual is targeted for fraud to predict investment fraud victimization, explains how fraudsters use social influence tactics to defraud their victims, and describes current investor protection efforts.
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Boyd, Christina L. Gatekeeping and Filtering in Trial Courts. Editado por Lee Epstein y Stefanie A. Lindquist. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199579891.013.11.
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Trial courts and their actors play critical gatekeeping and filtering roles within the judicial hierarchy. As this chapter discusses, the decisions made by litigants and judges in the millions of criminal and civil trial court cases in the United States each year affect things like what cases get filed, how cases develop, what cases settle or plea bargain and when, whether losing litigants will appeal, and, if they do, how the appellate courts will respond. This chapter proceeds by first examining the selection of disputes and charges that takes place by parties, prosecutors, and other lawyers prior to a case being filed in a trial court. Next, the chapter details the decision-making of trial court parties, lawyers, and judges. As the chapter concludes, it discusses the unique set of challenges present for interdisciplinary research on trial courts.
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Lewis, Hannah. Théâtre filmé, Opera, and Cinematic Poetry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635978.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 focuses on a famous debate between playwright Marcel Pagnol and film director René Clair. Pagnol was a successful playwright who was excited about film’s potential for recording live theater. His screenplays, perhaps most notably Marius, emphasized spoken dialogue, relegating music to a secondary role. Clair was a silent filmmaker who was interested in the poetic qualities of the image, and he feared that sound, particularly dialogue, would threaten cinema’s poetic potential. His film Le Million relied heavily on music, particularly live musical-theatrical forms like operetta and opera, to create alternative models for film’s sound–image relationship. The debate between Pagnol and Clair reveals diverging approaches to sound film, the aesthetic connections and tensions between live theater and cinema, and music’s importance in articulating those tensions.
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Ikram, Salima. Animals in ancient Egyptian religion. Editado por Umberto Albarella, Mauro Rizzetto, Hannah Russ, Kim Vickers y Sarah Viner-Daniels. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199686476.013.30.
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In addition to providing food, companionship, and raw materials for clothing, furniture, tools, and ornaments, animals also played a key role in religious practices in ancient Egypt. Apart from serving as sacrifices, each god had one or more animal as a totem. Certain specially marked exemplars of these species were revered as manifestations of that god that enjoyed all the privileges of being a deity during their lifetime and which were mummified and buried with pomp upon their death. Other animals, which did not bear the distinguishing marks, were mummified and offered to the gods, transmitting the prayers of devotees directly to their divinities. These number in the millions and were a significant feature of Egyptian religious belief and self-identity in the later periods of Egyptian history.
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Abzug, Robert H. Psyche and Soul in America. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199754373.001.0001.
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Rollo May (1909‒1994), internationally known psychologist and popular philosopher, came from modest roots in the small town Protestant Midwest intending to do “religious work” but eventually became a psychotherapist and in best-selling books like Love and Will and The Courage to Create he attracted an audience of millions of readers in the United States, Europe, and Asia. During the 1950s and 1960s, these books combined existentialism and other philosophical approaches, psychoanalysis, and a spiritually-philosophy to interpret the damage bureaucratic and technocratic aspects of modernity and their inability of individuals to understand their authentic selves. Psyche and Soul in America deals not only with May’s public contributions but also to his turbulent inner life as revealed in unprecedentedly intimate sources in order to demonstrate the relationship between the personal and public in a figure who wrote about intimacy, its loss, and ways to regain an authentic sense of self and others.
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Zuccato, Chiara y Elena Cattaneo. Normal Function of Huntingtin. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199929146.003.0011.
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Huntingtin (HTT) is the 3,144–amino acid protein product of the Huntington’s disease gene (HTT), which can be traced back through 800 million years of evolution. It carries a trinucleotide CAG repeat that encodes polyglutamine (polyQ) at an evolutionarily conserved NH2-terminal position in exon 1. This chapter discusses the discoveries that have mapped the evolutionary history of HTT and the CAG repeat and the critical role of the protein in development as well as its activities in the adult brain. During embryogenesis, HTT is critical for gastrulation, neurulation, and neurogenesis. In the adult brain, HTT acts as an antiapoptotic protein and promotes transcription of neuronal genes and vesicle transport. Subversion or exacerbation of HTT brain function by an abnormally expanded polyQ repeat contributes to neuronal vulnerability in HD and suggests that loss of normal HTT function may be implicated in the disease.
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Kuramoto-Crawford, S. Janet y Holly C. Wilcox. Substance Use Disorders and Intentional Injury. Editado por Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.002.
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Intentional injuries affect millions of lives worldwide. The authors provide an overview of the epidemiological and preventive evidence on the relationship between substance use disorders (SUD) and intentional injuries. Emphasis is placed on suicide and intimate partner violence, as each area has received substantial research attention in relation to SUD. There is robust epidemiological evidence on the relationship between SUD, notably with alcohol use disorders, and most intentional injuries. Research has focused on the identification of factors that distinguish individuals with alcohol use disorders who are at particularly high risk for intentional injuries. Characterization of those with other drug use disorders who are at risk for engaging in intentional injuries and the role of SUD in intentional injuries has been less extensively investigated. The authors conclude with a discussion of public health approaches to the prevention of intentional injuries among individuals with SUD.
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McDermott, Kevin. Stalin and Stalinism. Editado por Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.007.
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This chapter provides a wide-ranging introduction to the most recent historiographical interpretations of Stalin’s personality, his rise to power and his role in the ‘revolution from above’, the Great Terror, the Second World War, and the ‘High Stalinism’ of the years 1945–53. It contends that a ‘war-revolution model’ is the best way of understanding Stalin’s modus operandi and treats Stalinism as a highly complex, dynamic and contradictory phenomenon that convulsed the lives of millions in a grand historical and revolutionary quest for socialist modernity and national security. While emphasizing the fearsomely repressive essence of the Stalinist state, it is recognized that the system was able to generate more productive and inclusive practices which gained a measure of popular legitimacy among many Soviet citizens. Stalin was undoubtedly a bloody dictator, but to his last days he retained a profound ideological commitment to the construction of a strong communist utopia.
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Ellingsen, Ruth, Catherine Mogil y Patricia Lester. The Experience of Families Separated by Military Deployment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190265076.003.0010.
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The conflicts in Iraq (Operations Iraqi Freedom and New Dawn) and Afghanistan (Operation Enduring Freedom) have resulted in the deployment of more than 2.6 million service members since 2001. Almost half of these service members had children at the time of deployment, and almost half experienced multiple deployments. Separations in the context of danger pose unique challenges for parenting at a distance, including civilian parental mental health problems that are in turn associated with disruptions in parenting and family relationships and increased mental health symptoms in children. Using an ecological framework, this chapter reviews the impact that more than a decade of war has had on children and their parents, identifying risk and protective factors in the context of parental deployment. Opportunities to maintain parenting during deployments across developmental stages for children are discussed, including the role of family-level programs and family services to support military parents and children.
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Schiller, Dan. Networked Financialization. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038761.003.0003.
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This chapter examines how networked financialization exacerbated capitalism's crisis tendencies. Financialization, a formative aspect of the rise of digital capitalism in response to the crisis of the 1970s, evolved out of multiple impulses. One spur came as millions of workers who experienced wage repression were brought to depend on debt for immediate consumption as well as for housing and automobiles, education, and medical care. Another came from the fact that finance grew ever larger in the strategies of transnational manufacturers, retail chains, agribusinesses, and service suppliers. The chapter also discusses the impact of information and communications technology (ICT) on financialization as well as the role of networks in the emergence of a high-tech financial system. It concludes by looking at three major trends, including the possibility that the financial crisis was unlikely to end without a profoundly conflicted restructuring of the global political economy.
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Hines, James R. New Disciplines. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039065.003.0015.
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Since the 1960s, televised World and Olympic competition brought figure skating into the homes of millions who discovered and enjoyed the perfect balance between artistry and athleticism that the sport offered. This developed an increasingly enthusiastic audience for the sport and led inevitably to a participatory role as converts filled ice rinks. Those new to skating discovered a recreational activity that persons of all ages could enjoy and that entire families could do together. Many, young and old, took lessons, and some became highly proficient. Not surprisingly, new competitive opportunities followed, which are the focus of this chapter. Adult skating is the most recent and fastest-growing area of competitive figure skating; collegiate and intercollegiate skating has become an available part of the college experience; and synchronized skating has evolved from an unpretentious beginning into a World championship sport that may become an Olympic sport.
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Lurcock, Pontus y Fabio Florindo. Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.18.
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Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.
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Lurcock, Pontus y Fabio Florindo. Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.18.
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Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.
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Sherman, Deborah Witt y David C. Free. Nursing and palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0043.
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Nurses, who are educated in palliative care nursing, facilitate the caring process through a combination of science, presence, openness, compassion, mindful attention to detail, and teamwork. As members of the interdisciplinary palliative care team, nurses bring specialized competence and expertise gained through education, credentialing, and experience. With close to 19.4 million nurses globally, nurses have a tremendous potential to reform health care and ensure quality care for seriously ill patients and their families. Through the integration of empirical, aesthetic, personal, and ethical knowledge at the generalist or advance practice levels, nurses reshape societal perspectives regarding illness, dying, and death. By virtue of their numbers, experience, education, time spent at the bedside, and insight into the lived experiences of patients and families, nurses have the potential to play a prominent role in as public health advocates for palliative care at the local, national, and global level.
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Blasi, Joseph R. y Douglas L. Kruse. An American Historical Perspective on Employee Ownership. Editado por Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi y Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.8.
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Worker ownership plays a significant role in the US economy today. This worker ownership takes on different forms. A large proportion of the US population (close to a fifth) owns stock in the company where they work. Meaningful worker holdings are ubiquitous in high-technology companies such as Google in the Internet area, Microsoft in the software area, Gilead Sciences in biotechnology, and Qualcomm in mobile technology. The most intensive sectors of worker ownership in the US are about 10,000 companies with about 15 million workers with Employee Stock Ownership Plans, where about 4,000 of the firms are majority or 100 per cent worker-owned, and a compact but vibrant and growing sector of about 300 worker co-operatives with about 6,000 members. Much of this chapter is based on our book, The Citizen’s Share, with economist Richard B. Freeman (Blasi, Freeman, and Kruse, 2015: 57–122).
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Kerby, Lauren R. Saving History. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469658773.001.0001.
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Millions of tourists visit Washington, D.C., every year, but for some the experience is about much more than sightseeing. Lauren R. Kerby’s lively book takes readers onto tour buses and explores the world of Christian heritage tourism. These expeditions visit the same attractions as their secular counterparts—Capitol Hill, the Washington Monument, the war memorials, and much more—but the white evangelicals who flock to the tours are searching for evidence that America was founded as a Christian nation. The tours preach a historical jeremiad that resonates far beyond Washington. White evangelicals across the United States tell stories of the nation’s Christian origins, its subsequent fall into moral and spiritual corruption, and its need for repentance and return to founding principles. This vision of American history, Kerby finds, is white evangelicals’ most powerful political resource—it allows them to shapeshift between the roles of faithful patriots and persecuted outsiders. In an era when white evangelicals’ political commitments baffle many observers, this book offers a key for understanding how they continually reimagine the American story and their own place in it.
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Nielsen, Kenneth Bo y Alf Gunvald Nilsen. Law Struggles, Lawmaking, and the Politics of Hegemony in Neoliberal India. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792444.003.0006.
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The chapter examines the fairness claim of the Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act (LARR), 2013. The author uses the utilitarian fairness standard proposed by one of the most influential American constitutional scholars of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, Frank Michelman, whose study of judicial decisions from an ethical perspective by introducing the concept of “demoralization costs” has shaped the interpretational debate on takings law in the United States. Michelman’s analysis is particularly relevant for the land question in India today since there is a widespread feeling that millions of people have been unfairly deprived of their land and livelihoods. The chapter looks at the role of the Indian judiciary in interpreting the land acquisition legislation since landmark judgments affect the morale of society. It concludes that using Michelman’s standard would help in bringing about greater “fairness” than what the new legislation has achieved.
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Li, Jie Jack. Triumph of the Heart. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195323573.001.0001.
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Over 25 million people in the U.S. alone have benefited from statins--such drugs as Lipitor, Zocor, Crestor, Pravachol, and other cholesterol-lowering medicines--in preventing stroke, heart attack, and other forms of coronary heart disease. But how did these remarkable, life-saving drugs come into being? In Triumph of the Heart, Dr. Jie Jack Li, a medicinal chemist and expert on drug discovery, tells for the first time the fascinating story of statins. Drawn from discussions with many scientists involved in the discovery and development of these drugs, the book illuminates the human side of science by revealing the role played by persistence, luck, and sudden insight that characterize major discoveries. For scientists in the drug industry, health care professionals, students of medicine, and all those intrigued by the basic human drive to explore and discover, Triumph of the Heart offers a compelling view of one of the most important drug discoveries of our time.
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Hergenroeder, Albert C. y Rebecca A. Demorest, eds. AM:STARs: Sports Medicine and Sports Injuries, Vol. 26, No. 1. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781581109481.
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With more than 30 million US children and teenagers participating in both recreational and team sports, the adolescent physician is faced with many medical, parental and community questions and concerns regarding diagnosis, treatment and prevention of youth sports injuries. This issue provides the adolescent physician with comprehensive, practical and up-to-date information regarding diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic sports injuries, sports concussion, the pre-participation physical evaluation (PPE), mental health concerns, the female athlete, bone health, nutrition, travel, performance enhancing substances, injury rehabilitation, the role of the team physician and injury prevention in youth sports. Contents in Sports Medicine and Sports Injuries include Being a Team Doctor Preparticipation Physical Evaluation Concussion in Teenage Athletes Musculoskeletal Injuries Not to Miss in Teens Overuse and Overtraining Injuries in Teenage Athletes Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal Injuries in Young Athletes The Female Athlete Triad: Energy Deficiency, Physiologic Consequences, and Treatment The Adolescent Dancer: Common Medical Concerns and Relevant Anticipatory Guidance Mental Health and Pressures in Teen Sports Performance-Enhancing Substances Extreme Sports and the Adolescent Athlete
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Afsar, Rita y Mahabub Hossain. Dhaka's Changing Landscape. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190121112.001.0001.
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Between 1991 and 2010, Dhaka’s population more than doubled to 15 million. Simultaneously, the city’s contribution to the national economy almost trebled. Clearly, population growth was accompanied by an unmistakable trend of economic growth, and a significant decline in urban poverty and income inequality. On the other hand, Dhaka’s high population density exacerbated serious environmental challenges, and it was soon ranked as one of the world’s least livable cities. In the context of these contradictory signals of rapid urbanization, Dhaka’s Changing Landscape sets to answer three most intriguing questions: Are the poorer segments of urban population, which migrate with dreams for better lives, benefitting from positive economic trends? Are these benefits sustainable? Are these benefits creating scope for this group to have a stake in the city’s growing prosperity? By studying 600 households and applying comparative analysis over a span of 20 years, the authors examine demographic and economic trends to understand the patterns, scale, and complexity of urban poverty, income inequality, and rural–urban migration. Going beyond the space and poverty debate, they enlighten the readers about the quality of life questions, sustainability matters, and gender and generational roles and relations necessary to understand qualitative transformation and migrants’ prospects for a better future.
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Dornschneider, Stephanie. Hot Contention, Cool Abstention. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190693916.001.0001.
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Why did people mobilize for the Arab Spring? While existing research has focused on the roles of authoritarian regimes, oppositional structures, and social grievances in the movement, these explanations fail to address differences in the behavior of individuals, overlooking the fact that even when millions mobilized for the Arab Spring, the majority of the population stayed at home. To investigate this puzzle, this book traces the reasoning processes by which individuals decided to join the uprisings or to refrain from doing so. Drawing from original ethnographic interviews with protestors and non-protestors in Egypt and Morocco, Dornschneider utilizes qualitative methods and computational modeling to identify the main components of reasoning processes: beliefs, inferences (directed connections between beliefs), and decisions. Bridging the psychology literature on reasoning and the political science literature on protest, this book systematically traces how decisions about participating in the Arab Spring were made. It shows that decisions to join the uprisings were “hot,” meaning they were based on positive emotions, while decisions to stay at home were “cool,” meaning they were based on safety considerations. Hot Contention, Cool Abstention adds to the extensive literature on political uprisings, offering insights on how and why movements start, stall, and evolve.
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Lindenmayer, David, Mason Crane, Damian Michael y Esther Beaton. Woodlands. CSIRO Publishing, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643093164.
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Australia's little known woodlands once covered huge areas of the eastern side of our continent. Woodlands are distinguished from forests by the fact that their canopies do not touch, tree heights are usually lower and they usually have a grassy understorey. They support a fascinating and diverse array of birds, mammals, reptiles, frogs, invertebrates and plants, and have been under massive pressure from grazing and agriculture over the past 200 years. In many cases only small remnant patches of some types of woodland survive. Understanding and appreciating woodlands is an important way forward for promoting their sustainable management and conservation.
Woodlands: A Disappearing Landscape explains with lucid text and spectacular photographs the role that woodlands play in supporting a range of native plants and animals that has existed there for millions of years.
The book is set out as a series of logically linked chapters working from the woodland canopy (the tree crowns), through the understorey, the ground layers, and to the lowest lying parts of landscape – wetlands, creeks and dams. Each chapter illustrates many key topics in woodland biology with text and images, explaining important aspects of woodland ecology as well as woodland management and conservation.
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Palmer, Grant. Wildlife of the Otways and Shipwreck Coast. CSIRO Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486308996.
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The Otways and Shipwreck Coast is known for its natural beauty and attracts millions of visitors each year, particularly along the Great Ocean Road. The value of the region's rich biodiversity is recognised at the national and global level and its wildlife is markedly different to other regions, including eastern Victoria which supports similar vegetation types.
Wildlife of the Otways and Shipwreck Coast is a photographic field guide to the vertebrate wildlife of Victoria’s south-west. It covers all the mammals, birds, reptiles and frogs that occur in the region, including on land and in coastal waters. Each of the 288 species profiles includes a description and information on identification, range, conservation status, habitat use and ecology and is complemented by an exquisite colour photograph and a detailed distribution map. The book also includes chapters on habitat types, conservation and management, and on 14 key places in the region to view wildlife.
This book will allow those interested in wildlife, including residents and visitors, to identify vertebrate animals found in the region. Readers will also become more familiar with the distinct role the Otways has in conserving Australia’s biodiversity.
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Stokes, Lauren. Fear of the Family. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197558416.001.0001.
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Since the mid-1970s, so-called family migration has been the predominant legal pathway for migration into Europe and North America. But what has it meant for millions of people to be defined primarily through their role as “family migrants,” whether at the immigration office, in the courtroom, in the workplace, or in the family itself? Fear of the Family addresses these questions by investigating the history of guest worker migration to the Federal Republic of Germany. Ironically, West German employers initially turned to foreign “guest workers” to avoid the complications of families. Foreigners were meant to work in Germany in the prime of their productive years while raising their children and growing old elsewhere, with another country bearing the costs of their education, retirement, and medical care. But guest workers refused to offshore their family life, pressuring the state first to tolerate and later to open an official legal pathway for family reunification. The state’s perspective on the role of family migration changed over time, and debate over this form of migration also continues to this day, as politicians call for “managed migration” to capture the best brains and most in-demand skills while demanding an end to the “chain migration” that is imagined as nothing but a burden. Fear of the Family shows how these categories were established and how generations of migrant families have fought against the assumptions contained within them.
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AlJaroudi, Wael. Risk Assessment in Acute Coronary Syndromes. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0013.
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Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) include unstable angina pectoris (UAP), non-ST elevation (NSTEMI), and ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI). Each year, more than 2 million people are hospitalized with ACS in the United States. The initial treatment has evolved over the last few decades from conservative management to early reperfusion therapy. Medical therapy has also significantly changed with the use of newer more potent antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, statins, and anti-anginal drugs, which have resulted in improvement of patient care and survival. There is no role for stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in the acute presentation; however, rest MPI may be used to identify the culprit lesion and risk stratify patients if injected during chest pain. In stable patients for ACS, submaximal exercise or vasodilator MPI can be performed as early as 48 hours after the event. Several gated MPI-derived variables such as left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF), LV volumes, infarct size, mechanical dyssynchrony, and residual ischemic burden can risk stratify patients and provide prognostic data incremental to validated clinical risk scores such as GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Syndrome) and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction). Patients with depressed LVEF, remodeled LV, and large perfusion defects are at particularly high- risk for subsequent cardiac death or recurrent myocardial infarction. In such setting, MPI plays a pivotal role in the management of patients and guiding therapeutic decisions. The current chapter will review the clinical and MPI predictors of outcomes in patients presenting with ACS according to updated guidelines and a proposed algorithm integrating the role of MPI in guiding therapeutic decisions and management.
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Oldstone, Michael B. A. Viruses, Plagues, and History. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056780.001.0001.
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“Viruses, Plagues, & History” focuses on the effects of viral diseases on human history. Written by an eminent internationally respected virologist, it couples the fabric of history with major concepts developed in virology, immunology, vaccination, and accounts by people who first had, saw and acted at the times these events occurred. Much of the preventive and therapeutic progress (vaccines, antiviral drugs) has been made in the last 60 years. Many of those who played commanding roles in the fight to understand, control and eradicate viruses and viral diseases are (were) personally known to the author and several episodes described in this book reflect their input. The book records the amazing accomplishments that led to the control of lethal and disabling viral diseases caused by Smallpox, Yellow Fever, Measles, Polio, Hepatitis A, B and C, and HIV. These six success stories are contrasted with viral infections currently out of control—COVID-19, Ebola virus, Lassa Fever virus, Hantavirus, West Nile virus, and Zika. Influenza, under reasonable containment at present, but with the potential to revert to a world-wide pandemic similar to 1918–1919 where over 50 million people were killed. The new platforms to develop inhibitory and prophylactic vaccines to limit these and other viral diseases is contrasted to the anti-vaccine movement and the false prophets of autism.