Tesis sobre el tema "Robots – Prise de décision"
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Djeghaba, Messaoud. "Problèmes de décision dans une cellule de production utilisant la coopération entre robots". Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10010.
Texto completoGranata, Consuelo. "Contribution à la conception d’interfaces et de comportements interactifs pour des robots personnels". Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066084.
Texto completoThis thesis falls within the context of a number of projects aimed at the design, the development and the evaluation of mobile robotics systems for assistance of people at home. Two different aspects are considered: - Definition of a graphical interface that allows users to easily access to the robot functions. - Mobility of the system that should be set tacking into account the environment, the state and activity of the person and the specific context. The type of interfaces proposed for the interaction is a very important point for this kind of robot because of the target population: older people, often suffering from cognitive disorders. With the aim to make the robot interface adapted to this kind of population, we propose a method for the icons selection and for testing the usability of the interface. This method has been experienced with some patients of the geriatric hospital Broca. Problems relating to robot mobility in cluttered environments are particularly complex. They are based on 2 central issues: the location and the activity of the person in the space and the definition of interactive behaviors. For the detection of the person, a 2D laser-based detector has been implemented. In order to have a flexible and robust robot behavior we have implemented a decision making engine exploiting the SpirOps software. The inputs of this engine are the information extracted from the different robot sensors. These information are treated by using fuzzy logic rules and the engine computes the interest values associated to each action that the robot can execute. The robot decides dynamically witch is the most appropriate action to execute in the different situations
Hofer, Ludovic. "Decision-making algorithms for autonomous robots". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0770/document.
Texto completoThe autonomy of robots heavily relies on their ability to make decisions based on the information provided by their sensors. In this dissertation, decision-making in robotics is modeled as continuous state and action markov decision process. This choice allows modeling of uncertainty on the results of the actions chosen by the robots. The new learning algorithms proposed in this thesis focus on producing policies which can be used online at a low computational cost. They are applied to real-world problems in the RoboCup context, an international robotic competition held annually. In those problems, humanoid robots have to choose either the direction and power of kicks in order to maximize the probability of scoring a goal or the parameters of a walk engine to move towards a kickable position
Karami, Abir Béatrice. "Modèles Décisionnels d'Interaction Homme-Robot". Caen, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011CAEN2077.
Texto completoThis thesis is focused on decision models for human-robot interaction based on Markovian Decision Processes. First, we propose an augmented decision model that allows a companion robot to act considering estimated human intentions. This model addresses the problem of estimating the intention of the human by observing his actions. We proposed to simulate the behavior of a human to build a library of human action values toward his possible intentions. These values are integrated into the augmented Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). Second, we present a coactive decision model that allows a robot in collaboration with a human to choose his behavior according to the progress of the shared task. This model is based on an augmented POMDP and allows the robot to act coactively to encourage the human actions and to perform the task in harmony with him. Third, we also propose a unified model for different types of human-robot interactions where the robot analyzes the needs of the human and acts accordingly. To overcome the complexity of POMDPs, the unified model divides the problem into several parts, the first estimates the human intention with a hidden Markov model (HMM) and another is responsible for choosing the corresponding type of interaction (collaboration, assistance, cooperation) using a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Finally, we propose a model that alternates between verbal interaction to infer the preference of the human using queries and non-verbal interaction in which preferences are estimated by observing the human actions. This model switches back to the verbal interaction when an ambiguity about the preferences is detected
Granata, Consuelo. "CONTRIBUTION A LA CONCEPTION D'INTERFACES ET DE COMPORTEMENTS INTERACTIFS POUR DES ROBOTS PERSONNELS". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684772.
Texto completoBaalbaki, Hassan. "Logistique hospitalière à l'aide de robots mobiles reconfigurables". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00783995.
Texto completoCamus, Mickaël. "Système auto-adaptatif générique pour le contrôle de robots ou d'entités logicielles". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066308.
Texto completoBaalbaki, Hassan. "Logistique hospitalière à l’aide de robots mobiles reconfigurables". Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0618/document.
Texto completoDue to the expansion of the life duration and the shortage of medical personal in hospitals the EU funded IWARD project as part of the IFP6 program. The aims of this project were to assist the medical personnel in logistic and non medical tasks (transport, cleaning, environmental monitoring, guidance and tele-monitoring) through the usage of mobile, reconfigurable, rechargeable robots, thus letting the Medical staff to concentrate on medical aspects of their work.This thesis was part of this project, and our work consisted on developing a decision making framework for the team of robots.In the first part of the thesis, we address the strategic decisions essentially the: (i) the robots’ home station location problem, (ii) Robot‘s reconfiguration problems and (iii) Robots recharging scheduling. We formulate those problems as a linear problems and we propose to solve them using Mixed Integer Programming (MIP). We also present a formulation using a column generation approach to solve those problems.In the later part we address the tactical problems, mainly the mission assignment, the mission scheduling and rescheduling. We present two different approaches; a centralized decision finder implemented using genetic algorithms. And a decentralized approach using auction like and market based algorithms in order to provided collaborative decision making framework.Finally we compare those two approaches using a custom made discrete event simulation (DES)
Leurent, Edouard. "Apprentissage par renforcement sûr et efficace pour la prise de décision comportementale en conduite autonome". Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1I049.
Texto completoIn this Ph.D. thesis, we study how autonomous vehicles can learn to act safely and avoid accidents, despite sharing the road with human drivers whose behaviors are uncertain. To explicitly account for this uncertainty, informed by online observations of the environment, we construct a high-confidence region over the system dynamics, which we propagate through time to bound the possible trajectories of nearby traffic. To ensure safety under such uncertainty, we resort to robust decision-making and act by always considering the worst-case outcomes. This approach guarantees that the performance reached during planning is at least achieved for the true system, and we show by end-to-end analysis that the overall sub-optimality is bounded. Tractability is preserved at all stages, by leveraging sample-efficient tree-based planning algorithms. Another contribution is motivated by the observation that this pessimistic approach tends to produce overly conservative behaviors: imagine you wish to overtake a vehicle, what certainty do you have that they will not change lane at the very last moment, causing an accident? Such reasoning makes it difficult for robots to drive amidst other drivers, merge into a highway, or cross an intersection — an issue colloquially known as the “freezing robot problem”. Thus, the presence of uncertainty induces a trade-off between two contradictory objectives: safety and efficiency. How to arbitrate this conflict? The question can be temporarily circumvented by reducing uncertainty as much as possible. For instance, we propose an attention-based neural network architecture that better accounts for interactions between traffic participants to improve predictions. But to actively embrace this trade-off, we draw on constrained decision-making to consider both the task completion and safety objectives independently. Rather than a unique driving policy, we train a whole continuum of behaviors, ranging from conservative to aggressive. This provides the system designer with a slider allowing them to adjust the level of risk assumed by the vehicle in real-time
Laroche, Pierre. "Processus décisionnels de Markov appliqués à la planification sous incertitude". Nancy 1, 2000. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2000_0012_LAROCHE.pdf.
Texto completoAycard, Olivier. "Architecture de contrôle pour robot mobile en environnement intérieur structuré". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10275.
Texto completoLe, Gloannec Simon. "Contrôle adaptatif d'un agent rationnel à ressources limitées dans un environnement dynamique et incertain". Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN2016.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with decision-theoretic autonomous agents. This work consists in constructing a control system for a resource-bounded agent evolving in a uncertain environment. Such agents must be able to control their resources consumption during a mission. The first part of this thesis introduces the concept of planning under uncertainty in general, and Markov decision processes (MDP) in particular, for the control. Solving techniques of large MDPs are presented. In this control system, we consider resource-bounded agents adopting progressive reasoning as a specific resource-bounded reasoning with anytime behavior. We call progressive processing units (PRU) the task structure which allows the agent to adapt the quality of their accomplishment to the available resources. Each PRU defines a multi-level hierarchy task, to better accomplish the mission. This thesis presents two extensions of the progressive reasoning : the control of multiple resources and an adaptive control system that faces changes during the mission. Firstly, algorithms are presented to avoid combinatorial explosion due to the multiple resources. Secondly, a value function approximation algorithm permits to quickly obtain a control system when the mission suddenly changes. Promising experimental results have been obtained and illustrated on a real robot
Reybet-Degat, Ghislaine. "Proposition d'une règle de discrimination séquentielle adaptée à la fusion de mesures". Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD928.
Texto completoMilliez, Grégoire. "Raisonnement sur le contexte et les croyances pour l'interaction homme-robot". Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016INPT0077/document.
Texto completoThe first robots appeared in factories, in the form of programmable controllers. These first robotic forms usually had a very limited number of sensors and simply repeated a small set of sequences of motions and actions. Nowadays, more and more robots have to interact or cooperate with humans, whether at the workplace with teammate robots or at home with assistance robots. Introducing a robot in a human environment raises many challenges. Indeed, to evolve in the same environment as humans, and to understand this environment, the robot must be equipped with appropriate cognitive abilities. Beyond understanding the physical environment, the robot must be able to reason about human partners in order to work with them or serve them best. When the robot interacts with humans, the fulfillment of the task is not a sufficient criterion to quantify the quality of the interaction. Indeed, as the human is a social being, it is important that the robot can have reasoning mechanisms allowing it to assess the mental state of the human to improve his understanding and efficiency, but also to exhibit social behaviors in order to be accepted and to ensure the comfort of the human. In this manuscript, we first present a generic framework (independent of the robotic platform and sensors used) to build and maintain a representation of the state of the world by using the aggregation of data entry and hypotheses on the environment. This infrastructure is also in charge of assessing the situation. Using the state of the world it maintains, the system is able to utilize various spatio-temporal reasoning to assess the situation of the environment and the situation of the present agents (humans and robots). This allows the creation and maintenance of a symbolic representation of the state of the world and to keep awareness of each agent status. Second, to go further in understanding the situation of the humans, we will explain how we designed our robot with the capacity known in developmental and cognitive psychology as "theory of mind", embodied here by mechanisms allowing the system to reason by putting itself in the human situation, that is to be equipped with "perspective-taking" ability. Later we will explain how the assessment of the situation enables a situated dialogue with the human, and how the ability to explicitly manage conflicting beliefs can improve the quality of interaction and understanding of the human by the robot. We will also show how knowledge of the situation and the perspective taking ability allows proper recognition of human intentions and how we enhanced the robot with proactive behaviors to help the human. Finally, we present a study where a system maintains a human model of knowledge on various tasks to improve the management of the interaction during the interactive development and fulfillment of a shared plan
Schegg, Pierre. "Autonomous catheter and guidewire navigation for robotic percutaneous coronary interventions". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILB007.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on automatic navigation of guidewires and catheters in the coronary arteries. We first introduce the context of interventional cardiology and percutaneous coronary interventions. We also justify the use of a robot for those procedures. We then link the guidewire navigation problem to the control of soft robots and review the existing literature.Our study starts with building realistic, dynamic simulations of the arteries, heart and their interaction with the instruments. This required the gathering of patient data, understanding how the heart beat motion deforms the heart and how these deformations impact guidewire navigation. Percutaneous coronary interventions are also very contact dense which is a challenge for both simulation speed and accuracy.We then used these simulations to frame the problem of navigating the coronaries as a sequential decision making problem. We determined the corresponding state and action spaces and devised a reward. We tested a variety of control schemes on the navigation problem, including inverse model based control and tree-search based control and proposed a novel combination of both which achieves good performance in navigating the coronaries.Finally, we design a vision algorithm and registration scheme to transfer the algorithms to a physical robot. The closed loop control scheme was tested on two different silicone phantoms and achieves the same success rate as navigating by hand or by tele-operating the robot
Ferrari, Fabio Valerio. "Cooperative POMDPs for human-Robot joint activities". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC257/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a novel method for ensuring cooperation between humans and robots in public spaces, under the constraint of human behavior uncertainty. The thesis introduces a hierarchical and flexible framework based on POMDPs. The framework partitions the overall joint activity into independent planning modules, each dealing with a specific aspect of the joint activity: either ensuring the human-robot cooperation, or proceeding with the task to achieve. The cooperation part can be solved independently from the task and executed as a finite state machine in order to contain online planning effort. In order to do so, we introduce a belief shift function and describe how to use it to transform a POMDP policy into an executable finite state machine.The developed framework has been implemented in a real application scenario as part of the COACHES project. The thesis describes the Escort mission used as testbed application and the details of implementation on the real robots. This scenario has as well been used to carry several experiments and to evaluate our contributions
Majed, Aliah. "Sensing-based self-reconfigurable strategies for autonomous modular robotic systems". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0013.
Texto completoModular robotic systems (MRSs) have become a highly active research today. It has the ability to change the perspective of robotic systems from machines designed to do certain tasks to multipurpose tools capable of accomplishing almost any task. They are used in a wide range of applications, including reconnaissance, rescue missions, space exploration, military task, etc. Constantly, MRS is built of “modules” from a few to several hundreds or even thousands. Each module involves actuators, sensors, computational, and communicational capabilities. Usually, these systems are homogeneous where all the modules are identical; however, there could be heterogeneous systems that contain different modules to maximize versatility. One of the advantages of these systems is their ability to operate in harsh environments in which contemporary human-in-the-loop working schemes are risky, inefficient and sometimes infeasible. In this thesis, we are interested in self-reconfigurable modular robotics. In such systems, it uses a set of detectors in order to continuously sense its surroundings, locate its own position, and then transform to a specific shape to perform the required tasks. Consequently, MRS faces three major challenges. First, it offers a great amount of collected data that overloads the memory storage of the robot. Second it generates redundant data which complicates the decision making about the next morphology in the controller. Third, the self reconfiguration process necessitates massive communication between the modules to reach the target morphology and takes a significant processing time to self-reconfigure the robotic. Therefore, researchers’ strategies are often targeted to minimize the amount of data collected by the modules without considerable loss in fidelity. The goal of this reduction is first to save the storage space in the MRS, and then to facilitate analyzing data and making decision about what morphology to use next in order to adapt to new circumstances and perform new tasks. In this thesis, we propose an efficient mechanism for data processing and self-reconfigurable decision-making dedicated to modular robotic systems. More specifically, we focus on data storage reduction, self-reconfiguration decision-making, and efficient communication management between modules in MRSs with the main goal of ensuring fast self-reconfiguration process
Beaucorps, Pierre de. "Planification de trajectoire dans un environnement peu contraint et fortement dynamique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS082.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the trajectory planning of an automated vehicle surrounded by fast moving obstacles in an unconstrained environment (i.e. with no clear lane markings). Two main approaches are proposed: compute a speed profile on a given path, or find a valid path starting from a hypothesis on the speed of the vehicle. The first approach consists of a dynamic adaptation of the speed of an automated vehicle driving in a semi-constrained environment and in the presence of other vehicles. A set of speed profile references is used. They must be compatible with the dynamics of the vehicle and also comfortable for the passengers. Quantitative validations have been conducted in simulation together with qualitative validations on an automated vehicle, which demonstrate the benefits of this planning strategy. In the second approach, the « Reachable Interaction Sets » (RIS) are introduced as a new framework that allows to plan the trajectory of a vehicle surrounded by dynamic obstacles which move faster. The approach removes the temporal aspect of the problem by using a hypothesis about the speed of the vehicle. The remaining problem can be solved out by a static path finding algorithm. Quantitative validations show the advantage of planning approachs based on this framework compared to other state-of-the-art planning strategies
Dromnelle, Rémi. "Architecture cognitive générique pour la coordination de stratégies d'apprentissage en robotique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS039.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to propose a new method for online adaptation of robotic learning, allowing robots to dynamically and autonomously adapt their behavior according to variations in their own performance. The developed method is sufficiently general and task-independent that a robot using it can perform different dynamic tasks of various nature without any algorithm or parameter adjustment by the programmer. The algorithms underlying this method consist of a meta-control system that allows the robot to call upon two decision-making experts following a different behavioral strategy. The model-based expert builds a model of the effects of long-term actions and uses this model to decide; this strategy is computationally expensive, but quickly converges to the solution. The model-free expert is inexpensive in terms of computational resources, but takes time to converge to the optimal solution. In this work, we have developed a new criterion for the coordination of these two experts allowing the robot to dynamically change its strategy over time. We show in this work that our behavior coordination method allows the robot to maintain an optimal performance in terms of performance and computation time. We also show that the method can cope with abrupt changes in the environment, changes in goals or changes in the behavior of the human partner in the case of interaction tasks
Glaize, Annabelle. "Prise de décision en santé : une approche de décision multicritère". Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1A006.
Texto completoDecisions in healthcare are often complex and difficult to make and justify. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a decision-making tool that has been proven to be useful in numerous applications in healthcare contexts. Specifically, this operations research tool enables the integration of multiple conflicting criteria and encourages stakeholders to participate in the decision-making process. The purpose of this PhD dissertation is to contribute to the scientific literature on MCDA methods and how they should be applied in healthcare contexts, which are characterised by complex decision-making, by expanding these methods’ possible applications. This research is composed of three essays, each of which answers a specific research question related to decision-making in healthcare. The first essay maps the literature and assesses how the steps of the MCDA process are followed in different healthcare contexts. The second essay combines the business process improvement (BPI) methodology and lean methods to assess a chemotherapy outpatient service that suffers from difficulties in the patient flow process and propose improvement opportunities. The third essay builds on the findings of the second and applies the ELECTRE III method to define which actions could help improve the quality of care and patient satisfaction of the outpatient service
Kaldé, Nassim. "Robotic Coverage and Exploration as Sequential Decision-Making Problems". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0276/document.
Texto completoThe ability to intelligently navigate in an unknown environment is essential for mobile robots (Obstacle Avoidance (OA)). This is needed to explore and build a map of the environment (Active Mapping (AM)); this map will then support other tasks such as patrolling (Active Coverage (AC)). In this thesis, we focus on decision-making to plan the moves of autonomous robots in order to navigate, cover, or explore the environment. Therefore, we rely on the framework of Sequential Decision-Making (SDM) in Artificial Intelligence to propose two contributions that address: (1) decision processes for AC and AM and (2) long-term planning for AC. Furthermore, mobile robots recently started sharing physical spaces with humans to provide services such as cleaning the house. In such cases, robot behavior should adapt to dynamic aspects of the world. In this thesis, we are interested in deploying autonomous robots in such environments. Therefore, we propose two other contributions that address: (3) short-term AM in crowded environments and (4) clearest path OA in ambient environments
Devin, Sandra. "Decisional issues during human-robot joint action". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19921/1/DEVIN_Sandra.pdf.
Texto completoAlcaraz, Fabien. "Circuits thalamocorticaux de la prise de décision". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0446/document.
Texto completoSurvival of living organisms depends on the ability to make decision adapted to theircurrent needs and desires. Such an ability results from the integration of multiple basiccognitive processes such as events prediction and action control. These processes are bestinvestigated within the framework of associative learning. Past research has demonstratedthat these processes are supported by a widespread neuronal circuit, in which the prefrontalcortex and his major afferent structure, the mediodorsal thalamus (MD), play a central role.In this context, this thesis work aimed at investigating the functional role of the exchangesbetween these two structures in decision making.In a first part of this work, we assessed the role of the MD in prediction and control.We showed that MD lesioned rats are unable to adapt their behavior to a change in rewardvalue, in an experimental procedure asking the integration of instrumental and Pavloviancontingencies. This result confirmed the fundamental role of MD in goal representation. As asecond step, we performed an anatomical study in order to characterize the architecture ofthe thalamocortical pathways arising from the MD. We first showed that multiplethalamocortical pathways originate from segregated neuronal populations within the MD.We also discovered a poorly known thalamic structure innervating the orbitofrontal cortex,the submedius nuclei. In order to understand the functional role of these pathways, we useda conditional chemogenetic technique aimed at inactivating neuronal populations selectedon the basis of their projections. Using this technique, we showed that the animal’s abilitiesto represent either the value or the action-reward relationship depend on the directionalityof MD and prefrontal cortex exchanges. Finally, we identified a specific role for thesubmedius nuclei in updating Pavlovian contingencies, by using a more classical lesioningapproach.Taken together, these results support the idea that decision making involved severalthalamocortical loops, differentially supporting prediction and action control
Al, Hage Joelle. "Fusion de données tolérante aux défaillances : application à la surveillance de l’intégrité d’un système de localisation". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10074/document.
Texto completoThe interest of research in the multi-sensor data fusion field is growing because of its various applications sectors. Particularly, in the field of robotics and localization, the use of different sensors informations is a vital step to ensure a reliable position estimation. In this context of multi-sensor data fusion, we consider the diagnosis, leading to the identification of the cause of a failure, and the sensors faults tolerance aspect, discussed in limited work in the literature. We chose to develop an approach based on a purely informational formalism: information filter on the one hand and tools of the information theory on the other. Residuals based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence are developed. These residuals allow to detect and to exclude the faulty sensors through optimized thresholding methods. This theory is tested in two applications. The first application is the fault tolerant collaborative localization of a multi-robot system. The second application is the localization in outdoor environments using a tightly coupled GNSS/odometer with a fault tolerant aspect
Hites, Romina. "Robustness and preferences in combinatorial optimization". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210905.
Texto completoTherefore, in each of these new measures, a second criteria is used to evaluate the performance of the solution in other scenarios such as the best case one.
We also study the robust deviation p-elements problem. In fact, we study when this solution is equal to the optimal solution in the scenario where the cost of each element is the midpoint of its corresponding interval.
Then, we finally formulate the robust combinatorial problem with interval data as a bicriteria problem. We also integrate the decision maker's preferences over certain types of solutions into the model. We propose a method that uses these preferences to find the set of solutions that are never preferred by any other solution. We call this set the final set.
We study the properties of the final sets from a coherence point of view and from a robust point of view. From a coherence point of view, we study necessary and sufficient conditions for the final set to be monotonic, for the corresponding preferences to be without cycles, and for the set to be stable.
Those that do not satisfy these properties are eliminated since we believe these properties to be essential. We also study other properties such as the transitivity of the preference and indifference relations and more. We note that many of our final sets are included in one another and some are even intersections of other final sets. From a robust point of view, we compare our final sets with different measures of robustness and with the first- and second-degree stochastic dominance. We show which sets contain all of these solutions and which only contain these types of solutions. Therefore, when the decision maker chooses his preferences to find the final set, he knows what types of solutions may or may not be in the set.
Lastly, we implement this method and apply it to the Robust Shortest Path Problem. We look at how this method performs using different types of randomly generated instances.
Doctorat en sciences, Orientation recherche opérationnelle
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Gingras, François. "Prise de décision à partir de données séquentielles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/NQ56697.pdf.
Texto completoDubus, Jean-Philippe. "Prise de décision multiattribut avec le modèle GAI". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812558.
Texto completoFlora, Dominique. "Organisation, motivation et prise de décision dans l'entreprise". Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100048.
Texto completoMoraïtis, Pavlos. "Paradigme multi-agent et prise de décision distribuée". Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090046.
Texto completoMathis, Jérôme. "Prise de décision, expertise et information partiellement vérifiable". Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://biblioweb.u-cergy.fr/theses/05CERG0263.pdf.
Texto completoOur contemporary societies are marked more and more by a search of productivity and rationalization. This requires the detention and correct use of information (whatever economic, scientist, technological, social or political). Thus, the expert's report and communication activities are increasing. The producers and transmitters of information (experts) can influence the decision-making by strategically withholding some information. This thesis studies from a theoretical, normative and positive point of view, the impact of the possibilities for certifying information on those of influencing the decision outcome. The first part treats an advisory decision-making (the experts are consulted by the decision maker). The second part treats a deliberative decision-making (the decision-making is directly entrusted to the experts having to decide through a deliberation)
Cohen, Gérard. "Théorie de la décision, décision et non-decision dans l'électronucléaire : le rôle du décideur". Reims, 2005. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000311.pdf.
Texto completoThe electro-nuclear industry is a minefield for decision makers. The problem has migrated from the economic to the political sphere, a phenomenon which the latter would rather have avoided. . . How and why? The first part of this thesis presents a diagnostic of the formal decision making system in the electro-nuclear field. It is clear that this system is structurally inefficient. The second part explores the true decision making system in the electro-nuclear field, revealing the existence of an underlying, virtually secret decision making system, unique to this industry. This is explained (particularly with a diagram) and proved twice by the facts. The conclusion is also very clear : in the electro-nuclear industry, everyone knows what must (inevitably ) be done, but no one will make any decisions! Quid about a theory in this case ? The third part investigates precisely how academic thought might explain the situation. The conclusion is, again, clear : no theory can satisfactorily explain exactly what is observed. The conclusion of this study proposes defining the electro-nuclear field as a “meta problem” or a “meta organization“. It shows how this particular definition can better explain what is happening in this field, essentially by means of six new diagrams, which, juxtaposed with the first one, can serve as a graphic summary of it
Quirante, Thomas. "Modelling and numerical optimization methods for decision support in robust embodiment design of products and processes". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14676/document.
Texto completoIn order to converge as soon as possible toward the most preferable design solution, takingrobust decisions appears as a topical issue to ensure the best choices in engineering design. Inparticular, started from a selected concept, embodiment design consists in determining themain dimensioning and monitoring parameters of the system while meeting the designrequirements. The continuity of the design process between the preliminary and detailedphases strongly depends on the efficiency of the embodiment design phase in providingembodied solutions with a validated physical behaviour and an optimized functional structure.Embodiment design problems are thus generally turned toward numerical optimization. Thisrequires an accurate modelling of embodiment design problems, and in particular,investigation of large design spaces, representation and evaluation of candidate solutions anda priori formalization of preferences are topical issues.Research works presented in this thesis deal with the development of methodologies andtools to support decision making during embodiment design of industrial systems andmachines. In particular, it aims to provide designers with a convenient way to structureobjectives functions for optimization in embodiment design. This approach consists in linkingthe physical behaviour of the system to be designed, with the design criteria and objectivesthrough the modelling of designer’s preferences according to observation, interpretation andaggregation steps. Based on the concept of desirability, this modelling procedure is used toformulate design objectives and to quantify the overall level of satisfaction achieved bycandidate solutions. In the scope of robust design, this method is applied first to formulatedesign objectives related to performances, and then, to formulate design objectives related tothe sensitivity of performances. Robust design problems are thus tackled as a trade-offbetween these two design objectives. Measurement methods for performance dispersion andoriginal trade-off function specific to robust design are proposed.Finally, an application of the modelling methodology through the embodiment design of atwo-staged flash evaporator for must concentration in the wine industry is presented.Objective is to find robust design solutions, i.e. configurations with simultaneously adesirable level of performance, including the quality of the vintage, the transportability of thesystem and the costs of ownership, and a low sensitivity of some performances, namely thetemperature of the outlet product and the final alcoholic strength
Zhu, Shuguang. "Three essays on mechanism design, information design and collective decision-making". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU10008/document.
Texto completoThis thesis investigates several topics in Microeconomic Theory, with a focus on incorporating information control into mechanism design, checking the robustness of mechanisms, and providing a foundation for inconsistent collective decision-making. This work helps to optimize information transmission and acquisition in organizational communications, advertisement and policy design. It also sheds light on how inconsistent group decisions derive from heterogeneity in group members, and proposes ways to restore efficiency. The thesis consists of three chapters, each of which is self-contained and can be read separately. The first chapter studies a mechanism design environment where the principal has control over the agents’ information about a payoff-relevant state. The principal commits to an information disclosure policy where each agent observes a private signal, while the principal directly observes neither the true state nor the signal profile. Examples include (1) assessing whether a new product matches consumers’ preferences through their feedback on sample product trials, and (2) gathering intelligence by authorizing investigators to collect various aspects of information. I establish optimality of individually uninformative and aggregately revealing disclosure policy, where (i) each agent obtains no new information about the state after observing any realization of his own signal, but (ii) the principal can nevertheless infer the true state from the agents’ reports about their signals. Furthermore, this optimal disclosure policy admits simple and intuitive implementation (such as certain types of blinded experiments, or restrictions on access to certain information) under additional assumptions. If attention is restricted to linear settings, I characterize a class of environments (including those satisfying the standard regularity conditions in mechanism design) where an equivalence result holds between private disclosure and public disclosure.The second chapter, co-authored with Takuro Yamashita, is motivated by Chung and Ely (2007), who establish maxmin and Bayesian foundations for dominant-strategy mechanisms in private-value auction environments. We first show that similar foundation results for ex post mechanisms hold true even with interdependent values if the interdependence is only cardinal. Conversely, if the environment exhibits ordinal interdependence, which is typically the case with multi-dimensional environments, then in general, ex post mechanisms do not have foundation. That is, there exists a non-ex-post mechanism that achieves strictly higher expected revenue than the optimal ex post mechanism, regardless of the agents’ high-order beliefs. The third chapter shows that dynamic inconsistency in collective decision-making can derive from heterogeneity in group members’ outside options (i.e. opportunity costs that individuals have to pay in order to join the group), even if individuals share the same exponentially discounting time preference. This model of endogenous dynamic inconsistency facilitatesthe analysis of welfare consequences, since time-consistent individual preferences allow for a well-defined measurement of social welfare. We further characterize the optimal Bayesian persuasion information disclosure policy, which takes the form of upper revealing rules, to alleviate the welfare distortion caused by inconsistent collective decisions. Our framework proves to be highly adaptable to various contexts, including provision of public facilities and assignment on team work
Mokaled, Ghadi. "L'efficacité de la décision administrative". Poitiers, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT3019.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnel dans la prise de décision". Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00696675.
Texto completoStal-Le, Cardinal Julie. "Approche systémique de la prise de décision en entreprise". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00786203.
Texto completoImmordino, Giovanni. "Rôle de l'incertitude scientifique dans la prise de décision". Toulouse 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999TOU10055.
Texto completoMahboub, Karim. "Modélisation des processus émotionnels dans la prise de décision". Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0018.
Texto completoEmotion is inseparable from cognitive processes and therefore plays a major role in decision making. As a result, it is becoming increasingly important in today's scientific research. The aim of this thesis is to show the advantages of an emotional approach, and to prove that in certain cases computer models equipped with artificial emotions prove to be more efficient than their purely cognitive equivalents. Based on this observation, two emotional models were realised from different study perspectives. They underline the impact of the addition of an emotional dimension in the elaboration of a fast, adaptive and efficient decision. The first developed model uses a graph for strategies representation in order to solve a ten-year-old pupil mathematics exercise called the "Cascades problem". Emotion is represented there as weighting values in the graph edges dynamically managed by an ant algorithm. The tests carried out on two versions, one emotional and the other one fully cognitive, show that the use of an emotional model produces a more efficient and adaptive solving. In addition, a second model named "GAEA" aims at simulating a robot equipped with sensors and effectors and thrown into a prey-predators environment inside which it must survive. Its behaviour is determined by its internal program that evolves thanks to a linear genetic program algorithm manipulating a population of program individuals. Results are promising and indicate that the population produces individuals whose behaviour is more and more adapted, and whose internal activity is analogous to the emergence of relevant emotional reactions
Froger, Géraldine. "Rationalité et prise de décision en économie de l'environnement". Paris 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA010055.
Texto completoEnvironmental risks (the greenhouse effect, acid rains. . . ) take place in a context of ecological globalization and complexity. This result justify our work about decisionmaking based on specific hypothesis of rationality and their abibilty to rationalize some choices of environmental preservation. In complete information, game theory modelize strategic interactions in the field of environmental risks. This analysis, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are strong. We point out this kind of hypothesis is limited to rationalize and explain the choices of environmental preservation. Then we study situations of incomplete information. The expected utility theory, based on substantive rationality, suppose that the cognitive rationality of the agents is a little bit weakened. We developp the reasons why this approach don't take complexity and indetermination into consideration. This results justify the necessity to adopt a larger criterion of rationality called procedural rationality. The naiade method, based on this hypothesis of rationality, suppose that the instrumental and cognitive rationalities of the agents are weakened. We illustrate how this method which articulates multicriteria analysis and fuzzy set theory justify some choices of environmental preservation
Castellanos-Paez, Sandra. "Apprentissage de routines pour la prise de décision séquentielle". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAM043.
Texto completoIntuitively, a system capable of exploiting its past experiences should be able to achieve better performance. One way to build on past experiences is to learn macros (i.e. routines). They can then be used to improve the performance of the solving process of new problems. In automated planning, the challenge remains on developing powerful planning techniques capable of effectively explore the search space that grows exponentially. Learning macros from previously acquired knowledge has proven to be beneficial for improving a planner's performance. This thesis contributes mainly to the field of automated planning, and it is more specifically related to learning macros for classical planning. We focused on developing a domain-independent learning framework that identifies sequences of actions (even non-adjacent) from past solution plans and selects the most useful routines (i.e. macros), based on a priori evaluation, to enhance the planning domain.First, we studied the possibility of using sequential pattern mining for extracting frequent sequences of actions from past solution plans, and the link between the frequency of a macro and its utility. We found out that the frequency alone may not provide a consistent selection of useful macro-actions (i.e. sequences of actions with constant objects).Second, we discussed the problem of learning macro-operators (i.e. sequences of actions with variable objects) by using classic pattern mining algorithms in planning. Despite the efforts, we find ourselves in a dead-end with the selection process because the pattern mining filtering structures are not adapted to planning.Finally, we provided a novel approach called METEOR, which ensures to find the frequent sequences of operators from a set of plans without a loss of information about their characteristics. This framework was conceived for mining macro-operators from past solution plans, and for selecting the optimal set of macro-operators that maximises the node gain. It has proven to successfully mine macro-operators of different lengths for four different benchmarks domains and thanks to the selection phase, be able to deliver a positive impact on the search time without drastically decreasing the quality of the plans
Cherkaoui, Hajar. "Vers une prise de décision robuste en maintenance conditionnelle". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0040.
Texto completoThis thesis is a contribution to robust decision making in maintenance of systems subject to gradual degradation. Our first contribution is to develop a criterion allowing the joint evaluation of the mean economic performance and the robustness of different types of maintenance strategies. The advantage of the proposed criterion is that it adapts to different types of maintenance strategies and provides access to a simple and relevant evaluation model. The second contribution is devoted to the development and the evaluation of a joint maintenance and spares parts management strategy that applies to multi-component systems with different qualities. For the proposed joint strategy, prognostic indicator is used for both maintenance and procurement decision-making. The evaluation criterion proposed above is used for the evaluation of this policy as well. The third contribution corresponds to the proposal of two conditional maintenance strategies with hybrid inspections for the maintenance of multi-component systems with different and unknown qualities. For the strategies proposed, online monitoring information is used to disclose the quality of system components to be maintained using statistical techniques of classification and estimation
Haydar, Jamal. "Prise de décision orientée QoS dans les réseaux hétérogènes". Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066184.
Texto completoHarang, Laurence. "Rationalité de l'action et rationalité de la décision". Aix-Marseille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX10039.
Texto completoNicolas, Claire. "Robust energy and climate modeling for policy assessment". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100054/document.
Texto completoEnergy-economy and energy-economy-environment models are widely used to assessenergy and climate policies. Developed during the last forty years, these models allowthe study of the interactions between the energy-transport system, the economy andthe climate system. These interactions are very complex as they involve linkages,feedback loops and delays that are not perfectly known and that take place over a longtime horizon.This complexity along with the large uncertainties weighing on the model parametersand main assumptions explain why the use of models in the policy debate, (where themodels address issues on climate change scenarios and on energy planning), is largelycriticized.Based on this observation, our work aimed primarily at increasing the robustness ofthese models, to reinforce the relevance of their use to evaluate economic policyimpacts. At first, we examine how these models should be used to contributeeffectively to the climate and energy policy analysis debate. We review the evolution ofthe modeling practice and question it, discussing its relevance. We then focus on theuncertainty treatment and on the basis of this review, we implement an alternativeway of considering parameter uncertainty when "modeling the future" using robustoptimization
Veron, Paul. "La décision médicale". Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD064.
Texto completoThe medical relationship is traditionally addressed by the private law academia through the prism of the of the contract concept. In line with another part of the academia, this study aims to put forth a renewed reading, centered on another paradigm: the decision. The law does not govern here a meeting of minds producing obligations but rather a care decision whose purpose is performing a medical procedure on a patient, primarily taken as a human being. The approach can a priori rest on a certain degree of common sense: isn’t medicine, after all, primarily an art – which partly became a science – of the decision?To approach the concept of decision in the field of medical law requires to give up the dominant meaning given to that term in the various legal disciplines. Well-known figure of public law and procedural law, emerging in private law, the notion of decision is largely identified with a unilateral legal action. Such strict interpretation cannot prevail for understanding our object of study: first, the medical decision is not a legal action; secondly, it may be unilateral or bilateral, or, to be precise, it can be individual or shared. It appears to be preferable, in the field of medical law, to return to a common meaning of this notion of decision, as opposed to strictly legal: it is a selecting process geared towards the implementation of a deed.The way the law addresses a medical decision can be summarized in four questions : Who decides? Addressing the issue of identifying the decision makers. How should the decision be taken? Addressing the decision-making procedure. Why and to what aim is a decision taken? Addressing the question of reasons and purposes on which the medical decision is based. Finally, what can we decide? Which means can we implement to cure? This addresses the question of the purpose of the decision. While the first two points are related to the process of decision-making, the last two refer to the issue of decision taken.This approach essentially has dual benefits. First, it offers a unique mean of interpreting the medical care relationship, regardless of the context (public hospital, private clinic or private practice), which appears necessary in view of the legal developments in the last two decades. Second, it allows the conceptualisation of the medical relationship in a theory of power, medical decisions being analysed, in this aspect, as the expression of private power
Deschênes-Beaulieu, Sara Maude. "La prise de décision éthique des consultants : compréhension du processus". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/136.
Texto completoHallaoui, Abdelmjid. "Le consensus comme mode de prise de décision à l'OMC". Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0005.
Texto completoEven if consensus as mode of decision-making is a principle which is supposed to guarantee the equity and the participation of all of the members, the results of the multilateral negotiations are often, unfortunately, in favour of the developed countries. The great losers are the poor members. Is consensus at WTO in a crisis? The principal cause isn't that this organisation was created for the firs countries, and not for the last ones. It seems that WTO want to be presented as an Organisation for all members, but, in fact all members are not for WTO. Our work end by the conclusion that the world need not just one trade organisation, but several ones which can satisfy the needs of citizens, according to the development levels of their countries; and if WTO should to subsist, it is just to stay as a forum of discussion ,but not an organ of decision making
Nguyen, Quoc Toan. "La prise de décision de l'auditeur dans le contexte vietnamien". Bordeaux 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR40056.
Texto completoThe external auditor plays a very important role to ensure accounting information and strengthen the trust between those involved in the company. The auditor has a difficult taskto investigate the accountability and responsability to establish, in an audit report, if accountability is correct and faithful. This mission requires the auditor to make good auditing decisions. However, our research objective is to understand, how and why the audit's decision was taken differently in each specific context. Decision-making in auditing has been widely studied in developped countries, particularly in Europe and America. For Vietnam this study is the first of its kind. Being aware of the importance of the auditors profession in this country, our research contributes to new knowledge on undersqtanding the audit decision in the Vietnamese contexte. The decision making of the Vietnamese auditor is studied through two aspects : cultural and professional. The first is based on the Vietnamese cultural dimension which influences the individual's decision. The religious influences, way of thinking, individual autonomy, collective behaviour, etc. . . The second is based on the auditors work environment in Vietnam which is particularly characterizes by the professional organization of the audit, the regulatory frame, the organizational culture of the firm and the socio-political context. We are also devoted to analyzing the decision making of the Vietnamese auditors through two aproaches : quantitative and qualitative. This analytical approach begins with an explanation for the logic of applied research, and by deepening the empirical treatment on perceptions of the Vietnamese auditor's decision
Chouaf, Mohamed. "La prise de décision à objectifs multiples : une approche dynamique". Dijon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986DIJOE003.
Texto completoThe analysis of static multi-objective decision making through the study of the decision and the decision making process undertaken in this thesis attempts to demonstrate the utility, for certain optimisation problems, of considering not a unique criterion but multiple objectives. This work thus leads to the presentation of multi-objective decision making in general and of multi-objective linear programming in particular, of which certain methods of resolution are described in order to solve static optimisation problems. However, a decision cannot be considered outside of its environment or of the context of decisions that preceeded and will follow. In order to comprehend this phenomenon of the interrelationship of decisions, a study of dynamic systems and optimal control problems was necessary to present the two principles of decomposition of a dynamic system into a suite of static problems. Thus, thanks to these principles, which are : the maximum principle (pontryagin), the optimisation principle (bellman), this study shows that in the linear case, an optimal control problem can be reduced to the resolution of a suite of linear problems. In addition, these problems furnish the necessary and suffisant condition of optimality. This results permits the classic optimal control problem, i. E. One having a unique criterion, to be extended to the multi-objective case and thus results in a new tool : linear optimal control with multiple objectives. To illustrate this new type of problems, we have presented a dynamic model based on the leontief input-output system and the french economy
Belaid, Fateh. "Traitement des incertitudes et prise de décision dans l'amont pétrolier". Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0272.
Texto completoTwo important characteristics of petroleum exploration and production investment are the high financial amounts and uncertainties. For these reasons, the risk analysis should be implemented in the projects evaluation and the selection process. Depending on their available resources, petroleum companies choose a number of projects on the basis of som criteria : the net present value, internal rate of return, profitability index. However, these criteria appear to be insufficient if we consider, on the one hand, the absence of risk idea which is an essential element of the petroleum industry, on the other hand the omission of the correlations and interactions between different projects. In this paper, in order to make up for the lacks of the traditional approach, we apply a variant of Markowitzs method to determine the efficient portfolio exploration and production projects that insure the best compromise minimum risk-maximum return under the different constraints faced by the company. A practical application of this method about selection of petroleum exploration projects in the North Sea is presented. This practica case illustrates the influence of the crude price in the choice of the portfolio