Tesis sobre el tema "Robot parallèles à câbles"
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Weber, Xavier. "Commande modale de robots parallèles à câbles flexibles". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD026/document.
Texto completoCable-driven parallel robots use cables only to connect a fixed base to a mobile end-effector. Robot motion is obtained by winding the cables around pulleys to alter their length. Thus, cable-driven parallel robots are lightweight, can achieve very high dynamics and exhibit a very large workspace.Therefore, they are subject tp high magnitude and low frequency vibrations, because of their very low end-effector stiffness.This thesis proposes a novel approach for effective active damping of those vibrations.The dynamical model of a cable-driven parallel robot embedding reaction wheels is derived, lineraized around an equilibrium point and projected onto modal space, in which vibrations are decoupled.For each vibration mode, a control algorithm designed by poles placement adapted to the associated vibration natural frequency is applied for active vibration damping.Experiments conducted on a realistic simulation and two prototypes are presented to validate this approach
Chellal, Ryad. "Commande robuste des robots parallèles à câbles avec mesure extéroceptive". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAD039/document.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a complete work on modelling, identification and control of cable-driven parallel robots in order to improve the dynamic performances in terms of speed, precision and robustness, while managing the problems related to the use of cables. In the context of these researches, the identification and control techniques are improved thanks to the use of exteroceptive sensors, in particular using vision. Methods from the fields of robotics and control are implemented and compared. The experimental validations are performed on a demonstrator available in the laboratory : an INCA 6D robot designed by Haption company, equipped with a Bonita motion capture system developed by Vicon company
Billette, Grégoire. "Robot parallèle à câbles simulant des contacts rigides". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26872/26872.pdf.
Texto completoGagliardini, Lorenzo. "Reconfigurations discrètes de robots parallèles à câbles". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECDN0002/document.
Texto completoCable-Driven Parallel Robots (CDPRs) are parallel robots whose legs consist of cables. CDPRs may be used successfully in several industrial applications such as sandblasting and painting of large and heavy structures.The first part of this manuscript is dedicated to the modelling of CDPRs. Two elasto-static models have been introduced in this manuscript, in order to describe the small displacement of the moving platform due to the non-rigid nature of the cables. These models can be used for the modal analysis of the CDPRs, as well. The elasto-static model based on linear cables has been computed including the effect of the pulleys orienting the cables into the CDPR workspace.The second part of this manuscript deals with the investigation of the workspace of CDPRs, in terms of their moving platform static and dynamic equilibria, and in terms of their moving platform kinematic constraints. Two novel workspaces have been defined: (i) the Twist Feasible Workspace (TFW); (ii) the Improved Dynamic Feasible Workspace (IDFW). The third part of this manuscript describes a generic design strategy for CDPRs and a novel design strategy for Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (RCDPRs). In this manuscript, reconfigurations are limited to the thedisplacement of the cable exit points, assuming the cables exit points can be installed on a large but finite set of locations.The fourth part of this manuscript introduces an algorithm to compute an optimal reconfiguration strategy for RCDPRs. This strategy can be used when the working environment of the RCDPR is extremely cluttered and when it is not possible to predict how many configurations are necessary to complete the task. The effectiveness of the algorithm hasbeen analysed by means of a planar and a spatial casestudies reproducing some industrial tasks
Lesellier, Maximilien. "Conception, optimisation et commande d'un stablisateur actif pour la compensation des vibrations des robots parallèles à câbles". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS004/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, an active stabilizer is designed to be embedded on the platform of a Cable-Driven Parallel Robot (CDPR) and to damp vibrations affecting the platform by producing a wrench on it.First, a mechanical modeling of various active stabilization devices allows the choice of an appropriate solution for vibration damping. The selected solution consists of a stabilizer composed of rotating arms. Then, this model is used to optimize the stabilizer structure by looking at which arm arrangement maximizes the power delivered by the stabilizer to the CDPR mobile platform.A control strategy is then proposed for the system consisting of the CDPR mobile platform and the embedded active stabilizer. As this system consists of two parts operating at different time scales, the singular perturbation theory is used to prove the stability of the proposed control.Finally, simulation experiments make it possible to validate the use of an on-board active stabilizer to damp the vibrations of the mobile platform of a CDPR, and controlled with the control law proposed in this thesis
Bouchard, Samuel. "Géométrie des robots parallèles entraînés par des câbles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25528/25528.pdf.
Texto completoZoso, Nathaniel. "Modélisation, simulation et commande d'un robot parallèle plan à câbles sous-actionné". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28611/28611.pdf.
Texto completoJabbari, Imed. "Commandes non linéaires sous contraintes pour les Robots Parallèles à Câbles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0186.
Texto completoThis study concerns the control of nonlinear systems under constraints for parallel robots with cables. These have grown in popularity over the past twenty years. Indeed, cable robots have several advantages over rigid robots, namely a very large workspace, moving heavy loads with high speed and precision, low inertia, simple and fast reconfiguration, and finally low manufacturing cost. The applications are numerous: in the medical field, in biology, to study the behavior of insects in free flight, in port activities to move containers or for the construction of buildings.This type of system represents a major interest in the analysis and synthesis of dynamical systems. Indeed, cable robots, through their modeling, represent a large class of nonlinear electromechanical systems with the additional difficulty of solving an algebraic constraint on cable tensions. It is worth pointing out that the control of (free-end) robots has been largely addressed/solved by classical approaches using elegant solutions, the control of cable robots remains a difficult problem to solve given this constraint. There are few results, often local and heuristic with simplifying assumptions, but far from being a satisfactory solution.It is useful to remember that the main feature of cable robots is that the kinematic chains are not rigid segments, but made up of flexible cables. The latter are attached, at one end, to the mobile base (or terminal device in industrial parlance) and, at the other end, to an electric actuator/motor. This particularity introduces a strong constraint, unlike series robots with free ends, on the tensions of the cables which must belong to a given and positive range in order to avoid breaks or the formation of belly. Therefore, the issues related to the control of parallel robots with cables are not only to bring the robot from one point to another, to follow a trajectory, but also to satisfy these constraints.In this thesis, we answer this problem by proposing simple and effective control laws according to two different approaches:The first consists in developing a control law with convergence in finite time using the “sliding mode” method for a robot with eight motors (moving in 3D). Very few parameters are required to implement this technique, which still requires an optimization algorithm. Numerical simulations are promising and give very satisfactory results.The second approach is quite different and original, after some clever transformations, we write the dynamics of the error in a bilinear form then we establish a time control law varying under saturation constraints. By using a time-varying Lyapunov function, we demonstrate the exponential convergence of the tracking error. This result has been successfully applied to robots with four motors (2D) and then with eight motors (3D). It is important to emphasize that this approach, contrary to the literature, is freed from the use of optimization algorithms which can sometimes pose convergence problems.Finally, it is useful to emphasize that these results have been validated through several numerical simulations
Longval, Jordan. "Analyse de mécanismes parallèles translationnels suspendus entraînés par câbles". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36718.
Texto completoRiehl, Nicolas. "Modélisation et design de robots parallèles à câbles de grande dimension". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20050/document.
Texto completoCable-driven robot is an original variation of parallel robots. Replacing rigid bodies by cables provides new capabilities to these robots, and particularly large-size workspaces, since long cable lengths can be deployed. In the literature, cables are usually supposed to be inextensible and massless. If this modeling is valid for small robots with moderate payloads, this cable model is not accurate enough to be used for large dimension cable-driven robots. The work presented here focuses on the modeling of such large cable robots. First, from a set of traction tests applied to various cables, elastic models are proposed. Then, the well-know elastic catenary model is recalled, and its effects on the modeling of large dimension cable robots is shown. However, when using this cable model, solving the platform static equilibrium require the resolution of a non-linear coupled equation system. Assuming a low sagging of the cable, some simplifications can be made to this model. The resulting simplified hefty cable model is then presented and the new expression of the static equilibrium is shown to be close to the one obtained with the massless cable model. Thus, it allows us to determine the set of admissible mobile platform wrenches at a given pose. By comparing this set to the set of required wrenches for a specific task a cost function is finally defined and used in a design procedure dedicated to large dimension cable-driven robots
Lamaury, Johann. "Contribution à la commande des robots parallèles à câbles à redondance d'actionnement". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01021423.
Texto completoAlexandre, Dit Sandretto Julien. "Étalonnage des robots à câbles : identification et qualification". Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933816.
Texto completoAlexandre, dit Sandretto Julien. "Étalonnage des robots à câbles : identification et qualification". Thesis, Nice, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013NICE4059/document.
Texto completoThe main objective of this thesis is to propose new methods for the calibration of a large scale cable-driven robot. The principal method to improve the global behavior of a robot consists to identify the parameters of the model. For this, it is important to get redundant information by measuring the state of the robot in different configurations. However, the model used is a compromise between its ability to represent the actual behavior of the manipulator and the information available to fill in it. In the special case of the large scale cable-driven robots, mass and elasticity of the cables have a significant influence on the behavior of the robot but they are difficult to model. Indeed, the physical model of the cable is complex and requires knowledge of the tension inside it. Available sensors cannot provide this information with a sufficient accuracy to fill in a model of a realistic cable, we thus propose to use a simplified model. In order to provide an efficient calibration, it is necessary to fix the requirements to use this simplified model. Then, we have adapted and implemented some classical techniques for the calibration of parallel robots, but we also developed more innovative approaches. We propose a model for cable robots based on a representation of the uncertainties from modeling, measurements and parameters using intervals. By exploiting the interval analysis, we have developed various approaches to identify with certification the geometric parameters of the structure. We thus propose a new approach and associated algorithms to characterize and compute different kind of solutions for the calibration problem
Berti, Alessandro. "Modélisations géométrique et statique des robots parallèles à câbles avec des méthodes d'analyse par intervalles". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4018/document.
Texto completoIn the past two decades the work of a growing portion of researchers in robotics focused on a particular group of machines, belonging to the family of parallel manipulators: the cable robots. Although these robots share several theoretical elements with the better known parallel robots, they still present completely (or partly) unsolved issues. In particular, the study of their kinematic, already a difficult subject for conventional parallel manipulators, is further complicated by the non-linear nature of cables, which can transmit forces only when they are taut. The work presented in this thesis therefore focuses on the study of the kinematics of these robots and on the development of numerical techniques able to address some of the problems related to it. Most of the work is focused on the development of an interval-analysis-based procedure for the solution of the direct geometric problem (DGP) of a generic cable manipulator. This technique, as well as allowing for a rapid solution of the problem, also guarantees the results obtained against rounding and elimination errors and can take into account any uncertainties in the model of the problem. The developed code has been tested with the help of a small manipulator whose realization is described in this dissertation together with its design and simulation phases
Leclerc, Catherine. "Analyse et optimisation des mécanismes parallèles entraînés par câbles : application au simulateur de vol". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/25926/25926.pdf.
Texto completoLessanibahri, Saman. "Cable-Driven Parallel Robots with Large Translation and Orientation Workspaces". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03174262.
Texto completoCable-Driven Parallel Robots (CDPRs) also noted as wire-driven robots are parallel manipulators with flexible cables instead of rigid links. A CDPR consists of a base frame, a moving-platform and a set of cables connecting the moving-platform to the base frame. CDPRs are well-known for their advantageous performance over classical parallel robots in terms of translation workspace, reconfigurability, payload capacity and high dynamic performance. However, most of the CDPRs provide limited amplitudes of rotation of the moving-platform due to cable/cable and cable/moving-platform collisions. The objective of this thesis is to design, analyze and build hybrid CDPRs to enlarge the orientation workspace in addition to their large translation workspace by exploiting cableloops. This research work presents development of three hybrid CDPRs with drastically augmented orientation workspace suitable for tasks requiring large orientation and translational workspaces like tomography scanning, camera-orienting devices, visual surveillance and inspection
Kumar, Atal Anil. "Conception et commande d'un robot à câbles pour la manipulation dextre de pièces sur des chaînes de production". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0269.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to design and control an underactuated Cable-Driven Parallel Robot (CDPR) with four cables for the agile handling of parts in a manufacturing line. For already installed manufacturing lines, most of the available working space is often used, and adding a new serial robot on the workshop ground is sometimes difficult. Using the ceiling to fix heavy machines is not always possible, and it could be necessary to reinforce the structure. CDPR is a way to achieve the work with a light structure, with low modification of the existing workshop. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that the majority of the existing designs place the actuating motors and the winches on the base platform, whereas in this work, the actuating motors are placed on the moving platform, making it convenient for the CDPR to be fixed in the manufacturing line with simple anchor points. First, the workspace of the CDPR for the desired environment is investigated. The underactuated nature of the robot and the positive cable tension constraint imposed due to the flexibility of the cable limit the workspace investigation to static equilibrium conditions. The classical static equilibrium equations have been used to calculate the robot workspace and the corresponding behavior of the plat- form orientation angles have been presented. Several case studies have been shown with different payloads attached to the moving platform. The dimensions of the moving platform and the base structure have also been changed to understand the possible region of the workspace where the robot performance can be satisfactory. The prototype dimensions have been fixed taking into account the workspace performance. Following this, the classical dynamic model developed in the field of CDPR has been used to implement the control law on the CDPR. The second part of the thesis presents the design and implementation of the control laws for the CDPR. The classical Input-Output Feedback Linearization (IOFL) technique is developed and simulation results have been presented. The role of internal dynamics present in the system because of the underactuation is demonstrated using their phase-plane plots. Two possible solutions have been suggested to reduce the effect of internal dynamics on the system. The first solution is to use appropriate dimensions for the platform and the base structure. Simulation results have been presented to show the behavior of the platform when the dimensions are changed. A Modified Feedback Linearization (MFL) has been proposed as an ad-hoc solution for eliminating the effects of the internal dynamics. The simulation results obtained show that the proposed ad-hoc solution performs efficiently and significantly better than the classical IOFL technique for certain dimensions of the CDPR. The use of this approach for different cases of CDPR needs to be investigated. Experimental results validating the IOFL technique are presented to demonstrate the satisfactory behavior of the CDPR with the control law developed during the thesis. The overall objective of the project is to develop a CDPR that can work with an operator in a fully functional manufacturing line and aid the worker in lifting heavy or hot objects. This thesis achieves the first step in making a functional prototype of a CDPR which will be improved further to make it collaborative
Perreault, Simon. "Cable-driven pantographs". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28152.
Texto completoThis thesis reports the first steps toward the development of a new family of telemanipulators: cable-driven pantographs (CDPs). We define CDPs as mechanisms designed to reproduce trajectories induced from a master (input) to a slave (output) with a chosen scale factor and using cables in order to transmit corresponding forces or moments. They can also be presented as the combination of conventional pantographs, devices where rigid links are used to transmit forces between the master and the slave, and cable-driven parallel mechanisms (CDPMs). Given that the purpose of this thesis is the design of CDPs which combine reliability, safety and a low manufacturing cost, we have chosen to develop tools that allow the design of purely mechanical CDPs, i.e., no electrical component is necessary to transmit forces between the master and the slave. Several applications can be considered for this new family of pantographs, e.g., the telemanipulation of objects inside environments that are sensitive to electromagnetic disturbances, or simply where electrical energy access is limited. The strict use of cables between the two main components of the pantograph leads to many advantages but also to some inherent drawbacks. The main disadvantage of CDPs is without any doubt the unilaterality of force transmission in the CDPM’s cables. It imposes a reflected cables distribution, i.e., cables must support the end effector in all directions, and a minimum level of tension in order to preserve the system geometry. In general, for a CDPM, the driving electrical motors are used to produce continuous torque (and power) to maintain the cable tensions. In this thesis, we propose a methodology which relies on springs in order to produce these tensions in a purely mechanical manner, leaving to the user the application of the additional forces, i.e., those forces needed to overcome friction, produce accelerations and balance external forces applied at the end effector. This conceptual idea is validated through the design of the prototype of the first planar three-cable two-degree-of-freedom (DoF) CDP. Then, with the objective of minimizing the energy expenditure required by the user, we also suggest to compute nonlinear springs behaviours that maintain the cable tensions to a minimum level, while approximating the static equilibrium of the mechanism over its workspace. The nonlinear springs are in fact embodied as four-bar mechanisms coupled with constanttorque springs. This methodology is illustrated by its application to a modified version of the three-cable two-DoF planar CDP. When designing any CDP (in particular for CDPs with tridimensional workspace), a second drawback must be taken into account. This drawback is the possible occurrence of mechanical interferences between the different cables used to constrain the pose of the end effector from its respective base (this applies to both the master and the slave effectors) when moving in translation, in rotation or both. Thence, in this thesis, we propose a methodology for determining, in a geometrical manner, the interference regions between a pair of cables and between a cable and an end-effector edge for a given orientation within its workspace. It is shown that, for a constant end-effector orientation, these interference regions are defined by plane and line segments belonging to the CDP workspace. Then, this technique allows to determine—exactly and rapidly—the interference regions for a given CDP, and thus provides a powerful tool for optimizing the geometry of this kind of mechanisms. This methodology can also be directly applied to the design of any tridimensional CDPMs. Finally, in order to generate a suitable geometry for a given application, the last part of this thesis details an algorithm to synthesize CDP or CDPM geometries based on three main criteria. The first criterion is based on the wrench-closure workspace (WCW) (which criterion is well known in the literature), whose volume should be maximized. The second and the third ones are based on the free-interference workspace, methodology developed in the previous part of the thesis, whose volumes should also be maximized. As an example, the geometric parameters of a seven-cable nine-edge six-DoF CDPM are optimized to illustrate the relevance of the technique. Then, a medical application is used as a second example, i.e., the dimensional synthesis of an eight-cable seventeen-edge six-DoF CDP intended to be used inside a standard cylindrical magnetic-resonance-imaging (MRI) system for performing simple image-guided biopsies.
Harshe, Mandar. "Analyse et conception d'un système de rééducation de membres inférieurs reposant sur un robot parallèle à câbles". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2012. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00933732.
Texto completoYuan, Han. "Static and dynamic stiffness analysis of cable-driven parallel robots". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0003/document.
Texto completoThis thesis contributes to the analysis of the static and dynamic stiffness of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) aiming to improve the static positioning accuracy and the trajectory tracking accuracy. The proposed static and dynamic cable modeling considers the effect of cable weight on the cable profile and the effect of cable mass on the cable dynamics. Based on the static cable model, the static pose error of the end-effector is defined and the variation of the end-effector pose error with the external load is used to evaluate the static stiffness of CDPRs. A new dynamic model of CDPRs is proposed with considering the coupling of the cable dynamics and the end-effector vibrations. Experimental validations are carried out on CDPR prototypes. Static experiments, modal experiments, free vibration experiments and trajectory experiments are performed. The proposed static and dynamic models are verified. Cable dynamics, robot dynamics and their coupling are discussed. Results show the relevance of the proposed models on improving the performances of CDPRs in terms of design and control. Besides stiffness analysis, the proposed models are applied on the force distribution of redundant actuated CDPRs. A new method on the calculation of the cable forces is proposed, where the determination of the lower-boundary of the cable forces is presented. The consideration of the pose-dependence of the lower force boundary can minimize the cable forces and improve the energy efficiency of CDPRs
Fortin-Côté, Alexis. "Développement d'un mécanisme parallèle entraîné par câbles utilisé comme interface à retour haptique visant la réadaptation physique en environnement immersif". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27980.
Texto completoCable driven parallel robots are studied and used more every day, especially in the research community. One interesting application is their use as haptic interfaces. Their big workspace and relatively low inertia makes them great candidates for human scale interfaces. One application of haptic interfaces of this scale is in health and physical readaptation. Since those interfaces are able to render forces, they can be used to train or evaluate physical capabilities. Research presented in this thesis aims at furthering knowledge in this domain. Some more general advances needed to make cable driven parallel mechanisms suitable haptic interfaces are presented first and then more specific developments toward the creation of a prototype haptic interface combined with a visual feedback are presented. The thesis ends with preliminary studies on the developed prototype installed in a research facility on physical readaptation.
Perreault, Simon. "Conception mécanique d'une plate-forme de marche entraînée par câbles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24562/24562.pdf.
Texto completoFaure, Céline y Céline Faure. "Vers des environnements virtuels plus écologiques : étude des modifications du comportement moteur en réalité virtuelle lors de l'ajout d'informations haptiques par un mécanisme parallèle entraîné par câbles". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37886.
Texto completoIntroduction : Les nouvelles technologies qui permettent de capter et d’analyser les mouvements des utilisateurs ne cessent de se développer et représentent un potentiel intéressant dans le domaine de la santé. Grâce à l’essor de ces nouvelles technologies, des systèmes de réalité virtuelle (RV) clefs en main intègrent les services de réadaptation, et les études démontrent leur capacité à optimiser la rééducation motrice et l’évaluation des clients présentant des troubles du contrôle moteur. Le marché de la RV est ainsi en pleine expansion, et l’ajout d’informations haptiques permettant de modéliser les caractéristiques physiques des entités virtuelles représente un intérêt considérable pour améliorer l’écologie des environnements virtuels (EVs) et le transfert des apprentissages aux activités quotidiennes. Toutefois, l’effet de l’ajout de ces informations sur le comportement moteur des sujets demeure très peu connu. L’objectif principal de cette thèse était ainsi d’évaluer l’impact de l’ajout d’informations haptiques, par un mécanisme parallèle entrainé par câbles (robot à câbles), sur le contrôle moteur de sujets sains, lors de la réalisation de tâches complexes et fonctionnelles dans des EVs. Les deux hypothèses principales étaient que cet ajout améliore le contrôle du mouvement lors de tâche de manutention d’objet ayant des contraintes environnementales statiques, et modifie les stratégies locomotrices proactives en présence de contraintes dynamiques. Méthode : Le comportement moteur de participants sains a été analysé lors de la réalisation de deux tâches. En premier lieu, une tâche de manutention de caisse nécessitant la préhension et le déplacement d’une caisse à partir d’une posture debout a été étudiée. Celle-ci a été réalisée dans un environnement réel et dans des EVs, en absence et en présence d’informations haptiques, relatives aux contraintes physiques de l’étagère et de la caisse manipulée, fournies grâce à un robot à câbles (Chapitre 3, N=12). En second lieu, une tâche nécessitant l’évitement d’avatars au cours de la marche sur un tapis roulant a été réalisée en présence et en absence de risque de contact physique avec les avatars, délivré par un robot à câbles (Chapitre 4, N=10). Les EVs étaient vus au travers d’un visiocasque. Résultats : La première étude a démontré une amélioration des paramètres spatiaux du mouvement réalisé dans l’EV en présente d’informations haptiques, au cours des différentes phases de la tâche de manutention (préhension, montée et descente de la caisse). L’organisation spatiale du mouvement était ainsi plus similaire à ce qui était observé dans un environnement réel, avec un meilleur respect des contraintes environnementales (éloignement plus important de la caisse avec l’étagère, trajectoire plus longue). De plus, le contrôle du mouvement était influencé par la demande de précision requise pour ne pas toucher les étagères en présence d’informations haptiques uniquement. La deuxième étude a démontré la mise en place de stratégies motrices plus précautionneuses pour éviter les avatars lors de l’ajout d’informations haptiques. Les participants tendaient à anticiper plus précocement l’évitement des avatars. Ils maintenaient une distance minimale plus importante avec les avatars et conservaient un espace péripersonnel plus large, indépendamment de l’angle d’approche de l’avatar. Conclusion : L’ajout d’informations haptiques dans les EVs impacte les stratégies motrices proactives des participants sains aussi bien lors de la tâche de manutention de caisse que de locomotion avec évitement d’avatars. Les résultats suggèrent que l’ajout d’informations haptiques favorise la prise en compte des entités virtuelles lors de la planification mouvement. Ces informations haptiques imposent en effet des restrictions plus réalistes dans les possibilités d’actions fournies par les EVs, et modifient probablement l’évaluation des conséquences que représente le contact avec les entités virtuelles. Il serait pertinent de poursuivre l’étude de l’influence de ces informations afin de proposer à des clients ayant des déficiences motrices des environnements encore plus écologiques, qui favorisent l’évaluation et la prise en compte des risques implicites que représentent les entités environnementales.
Introduction: New technologies that capture and analyze user movement are constantly developing and represent a great potential in healthcare. Thanks to the recent technological advances, turnkey virtual reality (VR) systems are progressively integrated into the rehabilitation setting, and studies have demonstrated their ability to optimise sensorimotor rehabilitation and clinical assessment of people with motor control disorders. The market for VR is growing and adding haptic feedback that provides physical characteristics to virtual entities represents a great potential to improve the ecological validity of virtual environments (VE) and to the transfer of learning to daily tasks. However, the impact that adding haptic feedback has on motor behavior remains poorly understood. The main objective of this thesis was to assess the impact of adding haptic feedback, using a novel cable-driven parallel robot, on the motor control of healthy participants during complex, functional tasks in VEs. The two mains hypotheses were that haptic feedback improves motor control during a handling task with static environmental constraints and modifies proactive locomotor strategies in the presence of dynamic constraints. Method: The motor behavior of healthy participants was analysed during two tasks. First, a manual handling task was studied during which participants grasped and moved a crate while standing. This task was realised in a real environment and in VEs with the absence and the presence of haptic information. The latter simulated the physical constraints of the shelf and the crate to be manipulated using a cable-driven robot (Chapter 3, N=12). Second, avatar avoidance tasks were realised when participants walked on a self-paced treadmill in the absence and then in the presence of a risk of physical contact with avatars. Contact was simulated by a cable-driven robot (Chapter 4, N=10). VEs were viewed through a head mounted display for all tasks. Results: The first study showed that adding haptic feedback to the VE improved spatial parameters of movement realised in a VE during all phases of movement (reaching, ascent and descent phases). The spatial organisation of movement was closer to those observed in a physical environment, and better respected environmental constraints (higher clearances from the shelf and longer trajectories). Moreover, movement control was influenced by task precision required to avoid any contact with the shelf in the presence of haptic feedback only. The second study demonstrated that when avoiding avatars in VR, more cautious behavior was measured in the presence of potential physical contact. Participants tended to start their avoidance strategy earlier and increased minimum clearance along with a larger personal space regardless of the avatar’s approach angle. Conclusion: Adding haptic feedback in VEs impacts the proactive motor strategies of healthy participants during a manual handling task as well as a locomotor task involving the avoidance of avatars. These results suggest that adding haptic feedback enhances one’s consideration of virtual entities during movement planning. Haptic information imposes more realistic restrictions on the actions afforded by EVs, and likely modifies the perceived consequences of potential contact with virtual entities. It will be important to continue to study the impact of haptic feedback within VEs to provide even more ecological environments to people with motor deficits in order to improve assessment and the consideration of implicit risks posed by the environment.
Introduction: New technologies that capture and analyze user movement are constantly developing and represent a great potential in healthcare. Thanks to the recent technological advances, turnkey virtual reality (VR) systems are progressively integrated into the rehabilitation setting, and studies have demonstrated their ability to optimise sensorimotor rehabilitation and clinical assessment of people with motor control disorders. The market for VR is growing and adding haptic feedback that provides physical characteristics to virtual entities represents a great potential to improve the ecological validity of virtual environments (VE) and to the transfer of learning to daily tasks. However, the impact that adding haptic feedback has on motor behavior remains poorly understood. The main objective of this thesis was to assess the impact of adding haptic feedback, using a novel cable-driven parallel robot, on the motor control of healthy participants during complex, functional tasks in VEs. The two mains hypotheses were that haptic feedback improves motor control during a handling task with static environmental constraints and modifies proactive locomotor strategies in the presence of dynamic constraints. Method: The motor behavior of healthy participants was analysed during two tasks. First, a manual handling task was studied during which participants grasped and moved a crate while standing. This task was realised in a real environment and in VEs with the absence and the presence of haptic information. The latter simulated the physical constraints of the shelf and the crate to be manipulated using a cable-driven robot (Chapter 3, N=12). Second, avatar avoidance tasks were realised when participants walked on a self-paced treadmill in the absence and then in the presence of a risk of physical contact with avatars. Contact was simulated by a cable-driven robot (Chapter 4, N=10). VEs were viewed through a head mounted display for all tasks. Results: The first study showed that adding haptic feedback to the VE improved spatial parameters of movement realised in a VE during all phases of movement (reaching, ascent and descent phases). The spatial organisation of movement was closer to those observed in a physical environment, and better respected environmental constraints (higher clearances from the shelf and longer trajectories). Moreover, movement control was influenced by task precision required to avoid any contact with the shelf in the presence of haptic feedback only. The second study demonstrated that when avoiding avatars in VR, more cautious behavior was measured in the presence of potential physical contact. Participants tended to start their avoidance strategy earlier and increased minimum clearance along with a larger personal space regardless of the avatar’s approach angle. Conclusion: Adding haptic feedback in VEs impacts the proactive motor strategies of healthy participants during a manual handling task as well as a locomotor task involving the avoidance of avatars. These results suggest that adding haptic feedback enhances one’s consideration of virtual entities during movement planning. Haptic information imposes more realistic restrictions on the actions afforded by EVs, and likely modifies the perceived consequences of potential contact with virtual entities. It will be important to continue to study the impact of haptic feedback within VEs to provide even more ecological environments to people with motor deficits in order to improve assessment and the consideration of implicit risks posed by the environment.
Elghazaly, Gamal. "Hybrid cable thruster-actuated underwater vehicle manipulator system : modeling, analysis and control". Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS067.
Texto completoThe offshore industry for oil and gas applications is the main user of underwater robots, particularly, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs). Inspection, construction and maintenance of different subsea structures are among the applications of ROVs in this industry. The capability to keep a steady positioning as well as to lift and deploy heavy payloads are both essential for most of these applications. However, these capabilities are often limited by the available on-board vehicle propulsion power. In this context, this thesis introduces the novel concept of Hybrid Cable-Thruster (HCT)-actuated Underwater Vehicle-Manipulator Systems (UVMS) which aims to leverage the heavy payload lifting capabilities of cables as a supplementary actuation for ROVs. These cables are attached to the vehicle in a setting similar to Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (CDPR). Several issues are raised by the hybrid vehicle actuation system of thrusters and cables. The thesis aims at studying the impact of the supplementary cable actuation on the capabilities of the system. The thesis also investigate how to minimize the forces exerted by thrusters. These two objectives are the main contributions of the thesis. Kinematic, actuation and dynamic modeling of HCT-actuated UVMSs are first presented. The system is characterized not only by kinematic redundancy with respect to its end-effector, but also by actuation redundancy of the vehicle. Evaluation of forces capabilities with these redundancies is not straightforward and a method is presented to deal with such an issue. The impact of the supplementary cable actuation is validated through a comparative study to evaluate the force capabilities of an HCT-actuated UVMS with respect to its conventional UVMS counterpart. Evaluation of these capabilities is based on the determination of the available forces, taking into account the limits on actuation forces. A new method is proposed to determine the available force set. This method is based on the orthogonal projection of polytopes. Moreover, its computational cost is analyzed and compared with a standard method. Finally, a novel force resolution methodology is introduced. It assigns a higher priority to the cable actuation subsystem, so that the forces exerted by thrusters are minimized. Case studies are presented to illustrate the methodologies presented in this thesis
Otis, Martin J. D. "Analyse, commande et intégration d'un mécanisme parallèle entraîné par des câbles pour la réalisation d'une interface haptique comme métaphore de navigation dans un environnement virtuel". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21963.
Texto completoMétillon, Marceau. "Modelling, Control and Performance Analysis of Cable-Driven Parallel Cobots". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ECDN0015.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis addresses the modelling,control and performance analysis of collaborative Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (CDPRs). An elasto-geometric modelling of the actuation elements is proposed to improve their positioning accuracy. Different inverse elastogeometricmodels are simulated and experimentally assessed then analysed in a sensitivity analysis.Then, control strategies allowing the physical interactions of operators with CDPRs are proposed. These strategies are based on the impedance control and allow the robots comanipulation. A hybrid controller for trajectory tracking and co-manipulation is presented and experimented. A safety device for the proximity detection based on the capacitive coupling principle is fitted to CDPRs and tested. Finally, user experiments are led to determine the performance of the proposed strategies.Three experiments led with volunte erenable the performance variation evaluationand the user behaviour study during physical human-CDPR interactions
Cavalcanti, santos João. "Model Predictive Tracking Control of Cable-Driven Parallel Robots : From Concept to Real-Time Validation". Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS017.
Texto completoThis thesis addresses the position tracking control of Cable-Driven Parallel Robot (CDPR) within the framework of the European H2020 project named Hephaestus. The main goal of this project is to develop a robotic solution for the installation of curtain wall modules on building facades. An essential requirement is that the CDPR should safely operate close to the system constraints. It was observed that state-of-the-art control schemes do not cope with this requirement. The control strategies used in the design of such schemes are not able to consider system constraints as an integral part of the main controller.Since Model Predictive Control (MPC) is one of the few control strategies able to explicitly handle the system constraints, this thesis is focused on the design and analysis of MPC schemes for position tracking of CDPRs. Two approaches are then proposed: a linear MPC and a nonlinear MPC (NMPC).The proposed linear MPC is based on a linear approximation of the CDPR dynamic model. The Experimental tests proved that the linear MPC may safely operate close to system constraints. This capability is validated by applying a desired trajectory that cannot be performed without violating the cable tension limits. In this case, the proposed linear MPC scheme is able to perform a trajectory tracking as best as possible while satisfying the cable tension bounds. Conversely, state-of-the-art control schemes are not able to suitably respond under such conditions. Comparing the behavior obtained with the proposed linear MPC and a state-of-the-art control scheme, one may conclude that the capability to operate close to the system constraints represents an important result related to the safety of the operation of CDPRs.Nevertheless, it was noted that the proposed linear MPC may be sensitive to increased nonlinearities. The precision of positioning tracking may be deteriorated for trajectories presenting relatively high velocities. Accordingly, an NMPC able to consider the system nonlinearities is proposed. In contrast to its linear counterpart, the stability of the resulting closed-loop system could be analyzed. Details on its numerical implementation are presented and the improved performance is validated through simulations.In addition to the design of MPC control schemes, this thesis also presents contributions related to the kinematic model of CDPRs and the control of cable tensions. A Forward Kinematic (FK) algorithm considering the pulley kinematics is proposed. An explicit expression for the differential kinematics enabled the implementation of a numerical solution of the nonlinear least-squares system representing the FK problem. Its convergence capabilities are evaluated experimentally and numerically.It is worth noting that the algorithms and control schemes proposed in this thesis were implemented in an industrial software, which demonstrates the applicability of the proposed solutions in commercial applications
Barrette, Guillaume. "Analyse des mécanismes parallèles actionnés par câbles". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0021/MQ55735.pdf.
Texto completoBaklouti, Sana. "Vibration Analysis and Reduction of Cable-Driven Parallel Robots". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ISAR0034/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims at improving the static positioning and trajectory tracking accuracy of Cable- Driven Parallel Robots (CDPRs) while considering their overall elasticity. Accordingly, two complementary control strategies that are valid for any CDPR configuration are proposed.First, a robustness analysis is performed to lead to a robust model-based control of CDPRs. As a result, an appropriate CDPR model is defined as a function of the targeted application and the main sources of CDPR moving-platforms pose errors are identified.A first control method is determined based on the results of the robustness analysis. This first method lies in the coupling of a model-based feed-forward control scheme for CDPR with a PID feedback controller.Here, an elasto-dynamic model of the CDPR is expressed to compensate the oscillatory motions of its moving-platform due to cable elongations and its dynamic behavior.The second control method uses input-shaping filters into the proposed model-based feed-forward control in order to cancel the oscillatory motions the movingplatform. Thus, the input signal is modified for the CDPR to self-cancel residual vibrations.Experimental validations are performed while using suspended and non-redundant CDPR prototype. The proposed feed-forward model-based control schemes are implemented, and their effectiveness is discussed.Results show the relevance of the proposed control strategies in terms of trajectory tracking accuracy improvement and vibration reduction
Picard, Etienne. "Modeling and Robust Control of Cable-Driven Parallel Robots for Industrial Applications". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0067.
Texto completoThis thesis covers the modeling and robust control of cable-driven parallel robots (CDPRs) for two industrial applications for the naval sector: pick and place of metal plates (ROMP) using a suspended CDPR, and window cleaning (ROWC) by a fully constrained CDPR. The work was carried out in the context of the ROCKET project at IRT Jules Verne. The first part of this thesis focuses on the modeling and calibration of CDPRs. Models are written, including the consideration of pulleys geometry and cable elasticity. A linear model of cable elasticity introduced and used to write the robot stiffness matrix. A method for estimating the platform mass and center of mass position is proposed and experimented based on cable tension measurements, assuming a low-dynamic trajectory. Finally, the calibration of CDPRs is discussed and an automatic calibration method is tested in simulation based on the different models. The second part is dedicated to the robust control of RPCs against the perturbations identified for both applications. Several control architectures have been experimented depending on the available information about the system. Two families of controllers are compared for the control of ROMP: a proportional-derivative (PD) controller and a recent controller automatically balancing between sliding mode or linear algorithms (SML). In the case of fully constrained CDPRs such as ROWC, the control architecture must include a tension distribution to ensure safety. A new tension selection criterion based on the stiffness matrix is proposed to reduce the displacement of the platform due to water jet pressure. Finally, CDPR emergency stops are discussed and the behavior of ROMP and ROWC prototypes was evaluated in emergency situations
Lafourcade, Pascal. "Étude des manipulateurs parallèles à câbles : conception d'une suspension active pour soufflerie". Toulouse, ENSAE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ESAE0012.
Texto completoLefrançois, Simon. "Modélisation, commande et prototypage d'un robot sous-actionné entraîné à l'aide de câbles". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26810/26810.pdf.
Texto completoHubert, Julien. "Manipulateurs parallèles, singularités et analyse statique". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00563998.
Texto completoNabat, Vincent. "Robots parallèles à nacelle articulée, du concept à la solution industrielle pour le pick-andplace". Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194003.
Texto completoNabat, Vincent. "Robots parallèles à nacelle articulée : du concept à la solution industrielle pour le pick-and-place". Phd thesis, Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20028.
Texto completoHaouas, Wissem. "Étude et développement de robots parallèles à plateformes configurables pour la micromanipulation dextre". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD048/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is the development of new robots that combine dexterity, compactness and precision to perform complex micromanipulation tasks in confined environments. Thus, two parallel robotic structures have been developed. The first is a wrist that can insure 4 degrees of freedom (DOF) in rotation and the second is a redundant robot with 7 DOF. Both structures integrate the grasping function thanks to a configurable platform and a deported actuation. The kinematic study of the two robots and the experimental results validating the two architectures are presented. To miniaturize the 7 DOF robot, the mechanical joints (spherical) have been replaced by elastomeric articulations (PDMS). This solution allows, among others, to eliminate the mechanical backlash in the joints while keeping a large range of movements. However, as the behavior of such joints does not correspond perfectly to spherical joints, a model for the robot taking into account the elastic behavior of these joints has been developed. In order to made the structure on the desired scale (the cross sectional side of its legs and connections are 400 µm), a new microfabrication process in the clean room has been developed. Unlike the existing methods, the new process reduces the number of etching steps and allow the integration of different types of elastomers into silicon robotic microstructures. Finally, the micro-robot was realized and the displacement capacities in the 6 DOF with the grasping were validated. The targeted applications by the developed robots in this thesis are micro / nano-assembly, manipulation of biological cells and minimally invasive surgery, particularly in neurosurgery
Rasheed, Tahir. "Collaborative Mobile Cable-Driven Parallel Robots". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ECDN0055.
Texto completoThis thesis presents a novel concept of Mobile Cable - Driven Parallel Robots (MCDPRs) as a new robotic system. MCDPR is composed of a classical C able - D riven P a rallel R obot (CDPR) mounted on multiple mobile bases. MCDPRs combines the autonomy of mobile robots with the advantages of CDPRs, namely, large workspace, high payload - to - weight ratio, low end - effector inertia, deployability and reconfigurability. Moreover , MCDPRs presents a new technical innovation that could help to bring more flexibility and versatility with respect to existing industrial robotic solutions. Two MCDPRs prototypes named FASTKIT and MoPICK have been developed during the course of this the sis. FASTKIT is composed of two mobile bases carrying a six degrees - of - freedom moving - platform, pulled by eight cables , with a goal to provide a low cost and versatile robotic solution for logistics. MoPICK is composed of a three degrees - of - freedom movi ng - platform pulled by four cables mounted on four mobile bases. The targeted applications of MoPICK are mobile tasks in a constrained environment, for example, a workshop or logistic operations in a warehouse. The contributions of this thesis are as follow s. Firstly, all the necessary conditions are studied that required to achieve the static equilibrium of a MCDPR . These conditions are used to develop a Tension Distribution Algorithm for the real time control of the MCDRP cables. The equilibrium conditions are also used to investigate the Wrench - Feasible - Workspace of MCDPRs. Afterwards, the kinematic performance and twist capabilities of the MCDPRs are investigated. Finally, the last part of the thesis presents multiple path planning strategies for MCDPRs i n order to reconfigure the CDPR’s geometric architecture for performing the desired task
Saafi, Houssem. "Contribution à la conception, l'optimisation et à la mise en oeuvre d'interfaces haptiques à structures parallèles sphériques : application à la télémanipulation de robots médicaux". Thesis, Poitiers, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015POIT2294/document.
Texto completoA contribution for a development of haptic devices for tele-operation system is presented in this thesis. This device is dedicated for medical applications such as minimally invasive surgery tasks. In one first step, an evaluation of the existing master device is carried out. This device has a spherical parallel architecture and has been developed within the robotics team of PPRIME Institute. The evaluation of this device has shown the presence of parallel singularities located in its workspace. This singularity alters the kinematic behavior of the structure by amplifying the errors in solving the forward kinematics and amplifying the actuator torques for the haptic feedback. In a second step, different approaches have been proposed to solve the problems related to the presence of the singularities. The first approach consists in using redundancy of sensors and actuators for the existing structure in order to overcome the effects of singularities. In the second approach, we have proposed a new optimal mechanical architecture that eliminates the singularity. The results obtained with this new structure through the experimental testing of the prototype, are in accordance with the expected ones. The two haptic devices have been used to successfully control a robot dedicated to minimally invasive surgery. The behavior of the overall system "robot and haptic device" opens up promising prospects for future studies as well as for industrial transfer
Maurin, Benjamin. "Conception et réalisation d'un robot d'insertion d'aiguille pour les procédures percutanées sous imageur scanner". Strasbourg 1, 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/MAURIN_Benjamin_2005.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the design and engineering of a robotic assistant for percutaneous procedures with CT-scan visual feedback. CT-scan is commonly used by radiologists to manualy guide needles into tumors. While constantly checking the position of the needle, radiologists are repeatedly exposed to harmful X-rays. To cope with this issue, we propose a novel robotic system that will replace the arm of the radiologist for the initial alignment and while he holds the needle. The insertion task is split up in two complementary and mutually exclusive subtasks: the first is the positionning of the needle axis with an active robotic arm, the second is the insertion itself, currently done with a passive guide. From the specifications of the system, we define the kinematics of a parallel robotic arm with five degrees of freedom. The modeling of the structure is given: first the inverse and forward kinematics, then the velocity kinematics. Using these models, we have been able to characterize the workspace and the mobility of the device. Based on the computer aided design of the device, we describe the specific actuators, a realistic simulator and a position control algorithm with path planning for collision avoidance. In order to automatically position the needle with respect to a path specified in a CT-slice, a stereotaxic-like method to register a three-dimensional fiducial in the CT-scan reference frame is proposed. The registration is performed using a closed-form solution or an iterative method that can be further employed in an automatic matching algorithm. As a proof of feasibility, we finally show some experiments of automatic pointing of a target with a laser beam using CT-scan visual references. Similar experiments are also performed with a needle and an abdominal phantom in clinical conditions. Manual needle insertions with robotic guidance are performed on small targets in order to validate the accuracy and the robustness of the whole robotic system
Douady, Diane. "Contribution à la modélisation des robots parallèles : conception d'un nouveau robot à trois liaisons et six degrés de liberté". Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066470.
Texto completoMartin, Carole. "Conception, modélisation et planification de mouvements d'un robot de résection pour la neurochirurgie". Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625531.
Texto completoBoucher, Gabriel. "Utilisation d'un mécanisme parallèle à faible impédance pour une interaction humain-robot intuitive et hautement réactive". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/37614.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the design and experimental validation of a passive elastic parallel mechanism used to control intuitively and safely a five-degree-of-freedom serial robot. The thesis presents two articles which were written in the course of the project. The articles present, firstly, the control algorithm which is the basis of the concept, and secondly, the mechanical design of the passive mechanism. The algorithm is inspired from the macro/mini architecture where the human user interacts with a lowimpedance passive mechanism in order to control the motion of a larger actuated mechanism which has a higher impedance. This concept, used on gantry manipulators, is extended to a serial robot with multiple degrees of freedom. The algorithm uses a displacement measurement from the passive mechanism in order to compute and apply torques to the actuated mechanism. In order to measure the displacements, a passive six-degree-of-freedom mechanism is designed. The architecture of the sensor, based on the Gough-Stewart platform, is in fact a passive parallel mechanism mounted around the link of a serial robot. Experimental results are provided.
Buchi, Baptiste. "Learning system for self-reconfiguration of micro-robot networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCA017.
Texto completoThe problem of self-reconfiguration of micro-robot networks is one of the major challenges of modular robotics. A set of micro-robots connected by electromagnetic or mechanical links reorganize themselves in order to reach given target shapes. The self-reconfiguration problem is a complex problem for three reasons. First, the number of distinct configurations of a modular robot network is very high. Secondly, as the modules are free to move independently of each other, from each configuration it is possible to reach a very high number of other configurations. Thirdly and as a consequence of the previous point, the search space connecting two configurations is exponential which prevents the determination of the optimal schedule of the self-reconfiguration.In this work, we propose, firstly, a distributed autonomous self-reconfiguration approach TBSR, focused on the optimization of movements for a better distribution of tasks. In other words, it involves distributing the effort made by each robot to reach the final shape.Secondly, we propose hybrid approaches that take advantage of the advantages of centralized methods and distributed methods. These approaches make it possible to select the best distributed algorithm before launching the reconfiguration procedure. A range of distributed algorithms are pre-installed on each modular robot. At the start of the self-reconfiguration procedure, a coordinator broadcasts to all the micro-robots the data relating to the final shape to be achieved and the distributed algorithm.To do this, we determined the relevant characteristics of self-reconfiguration problems allowing us to identify the most suitable algorithmic approach.A study of the impact of each reconfiguration method and performance parameters was conducted to establish a knowledge base. This database records the performance of various algorithms based on different parameters for a diverse range of self-reconfiguration problem scenarios.Using a classification system, it is thus possible to establish for each self-reconfiguration method the characteristics of the self-reconfiguration scenarios for which it is effective. The learning mechanisms developed by AI (e.g., neural networks) are implemented. A first proposed hybrid CNNSR approach uses artificial neural networks to predict the optimal approach for self-reconfiguration. A CNN2SR approach (an improved version of CNNSR), was introduced for accuracy and error reduction, by refining the classification.Thirdly, a modeling of energy consumption, resulting from real experiments with physical modular robots (Catom 2D) was established. This made it possible to implement a third hybrid CNN3SR approach focused on energy optimization for modular robots
Merlet, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à la formalisation de la commande par retour d'efforts en robotique : application à la commande de robots parallèles". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066296.
Texto completoFasquelle, Benjamin. "Étude théorique et expérimentale d'architectures innovantes de robots inspirées du cou des oiseaux : conception et commande". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03670418.
Texto completoBiological systems are a great source of inspiration for roboticists. Tensegrity systems, composed of rigidand tensile elements, are particularly suitable for bio-inspiration since these systems are found directly in various biological systems. In this thesis, we study a manipulator inspired by the neck of birds. This manipulator is a stack of modules that each have one degree of freedom. Each module is a tensegrity mechanism composed of four bars and two springs. The manipulator is operated by cables, so all the motors are located at its base. The geometric model and the dynamic model of the manipulator are developed, then an analysis of the actuation and the static workspace of the manipulator is conducted. An actuation with four cables is selected for a prototype composed of three modules This prototype has no direct measurement of the modules orientations, so two methods to calculate these orientations according to the motor positions are proposed. An identification of the motor friction and the elasticity of the cables is carried out in order to improve the performances of the prototype control, and to have an effective simulator. Three controls are developed and tested on the prototype: a joint control, a control in the space of the motors and a control in the operational area. Trajectories are then optimized in order to produce movements by minimizing the applied forces or to produce high speed movements, as the woodpecker can do when it hits a tree trunk with its beak. The thesis ends with an opening towards an underactuated manipulator made of about ten modules
Mauzé, Benjamin. "Triskèle-Bot : étude et développement d'un robot parallèle continu pour le micro-positionnement". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UBFCD006.
Texto completoParallel Continuum Robots (PCR) are new structures that present great interest in terms of workspace or miniaturization, but they are not known for their precision. This thesis studies the potential of RPCs for high precision positioning requiring a consequent workspace. For this purpose, a new concept of planar RPC with 3 degrees of freedom called Triskèle-Bot, composed of a mobile platform and three flexible continuously deformable limbs driven by linear actuators, is proposed. To study its behavior, direct and inverse geometric models are created by a numerical resolution of a system of non-linear partial derivative equations (based on a Kirchhoff beam model) constrained to boundary conditions. A prototype is built to validate these models while offering intrinsic repeatability and an innovative way to measure the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the robot. A vision measurement protocol is proposed to minimize the numerous sources of uncertainty inherent to the microscopic scale, and thus obtain measurements of poses with less than ten nanometers of uncertainties. This protocol is used to experimentally measure the repeatability of the Triskele-Bot which reaches 9.13 nanometers in position and 0.71 microradians in orientation. A study of the robot’s accuracy, resulting from an original strategy of calibration, is performed on several trajectories exhibiting values lower than 4 micrometers and 0.6 milliradians. All these results demonstrate the potential of PCR for micro-positioning applications
Harton, David y David Harton. "Modélisation, conception mécanique, étude cinématique et dynamique d'un robot hybride redondant à (6+3) degrés de liberté". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38156.
Texto completoTableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2019-2020
Les robots collaboratifs prennent de plus en plus de place sur les lignes de production au sein des entreprises manufacturières. Leur facilité d'installation et d'utilisation ainsi que leur caractère sécuritaire constituent des avantages liés à leur utilisation. Les robots collaboratifs sériels sont les plus populaires dans l'industrie. Le principal avantage de ceux-ci est leur grand espace de travail. Cependant, l'inertie des architectures sérielles est généralement élevée, limitant ainsi les performances dynamiques du robot. Les robots parallèles sont plus avantageux sur ce point. Un principal avantage des robots parallèles collaboratifs est que les actionneurs sont situés près de la base, diminuant ainsi l'inertie, comparativement aux robot sériels. Cependant il existe peu de robots parallèles collaboratifs sur le marché. Dans ce mémoire est présenté un concept de robot hybride cinématiquement redondant utilisé pour des applications de coopération humain-robot à faible impédance. Ce robot d'architecture 3-[R(RR-RRR)SR] possède (6+3) degrés de liberté (ddl). La redondance du robot permet d'augmenter l'espace du travail notamment en rotation (comparativement à celui d'un robot non redondant d'architecture semblable) en diminuant le nombre de configurations singulières de type II dans l'espace de travail. Le robot est composé de trois jambes d'architecture hybride ayant chacune trois ddl et trois actionneurs ainsi qu'une plateforme composée d'un mécanisme parallèle plan à trois ddl. Les trois degrés de liberté redondants sont utilisés à la plateforme, afin d'y opérer une pince à partir des actionneurs aux jambes. Ce robot possède de grandes capacités en rotation, soient +-90° en inclinaison et en torsion. Ce robot est conçu de manière à ce qu'il soit rétrocommandable et qu'il ait une faible impédance et une faible inertie. Il ne possède aucun réducteur aux actionneurs. Le concept du robot présenté dans ce document est modulaire. En effet, l'architecture des jambes et de la plateforme peuvent différer légèrement afin d'adapter le robot à une application spécifique. Dans le cas présent, des jambes hybrides et une plateforme plane sont choisies pour des fins de simplicité et de maximisation de l'espace de travail. Dans ce document, les modèles cinématiques et dynamiques du robot, de la plateforme et des jambes sont présentés. Les étapes de conception mécanique ainsi qu'une étude de la sensibilité cinématique du robot sont également détaillés.
Les robots collaboratifs prennent de plus en plus de place sur les lignes de production au sein des entreprises manufacturières. Leur facilité d'installation et d'utilisation ainsi que leur caractère sécuritaire constituent des avantages liés à leur utilisation. Les robots collaboratifs sériels sont les plus populaires dans l'industrie. Le principal avantage de ceux-ci est leur grand espace de travail. Cependant, l'inertie des architectures sérielles est généralement élevée, limitant ainsi les performances dynamiques du robot. Les robots parallèles sont plus avantageux sur ce point. Un principal avantage des robots parallèles collaboratifs est que les actionneurs sont situés près de la base, diminuant ainsi l'inertie, comparativement aux robot sériels. Cependant il existe peu de robots parallèles collaboratifs sur le marché. Dans ce mémoire est présenté un concept de robot hybride cinématiquement redondant utilisé pour des applications de coopération humain-robot à faible impédance. Ce robot d'architecture 3-[R(RR-RRR)SR] possède (6+3) degrés de liberté (ddl). La redondance du robot permet d'augmenter l'espace du travail notamment en rotation (comparativement à celui d'un robot non redondant d'architecture semblable) en diminuant le nombre de configurations singulières de type II dans l'espace de travail. Le robot est composé de trois jambes d'architecture hybride ayant chacune trois ddl et trois actionneurs ainsi qu'une plateforme composée d'un mécanisme parallèle plan à trois ddl. Les trois degrés de liberté redondants sont utilisés à la plateforme, afin d'y opérer une pince à partir des actionneurs aux jambes. Ce robot possède de grandes capacités en rotation, soient +-90° en inclinaison et en torsion. Ce robot est conçu de manière à ce qu'il soit rétrocommandable et qu'il ait une faible impédance et une faible inertie. Il ne possède aucun réducteur aux actionneurs. Le concept du robot présenté dans ce document est modulaire. En effet, l'architecture des jambes et de la plateforme peuvent différer légèrement afin d'adapter le robot à une application spécifique. Dans le cas présent, des jambes hybrides et une plateforme plane sont choisies pour des fins de simplicité et de maximisation de l'espace de travail. Dans ce document, les modèles cinématiques et dynamiques du robot, de la plateforme et des jambes sont présentés. Les étapes de conception mécanique ainsi qu'une étude de la sensibilité cinématique du robot sont également détaillés.
Collaborative robots become present on production lines in factories. Their easiness of installation and use and their safety features make them more attractive. Serial collaborative robots are the most popular in the industry. Their main advantage is their large workspace. However, the inertia of the members of serial robots is the main limitation of the dynamic performances. Parallel robots are more attractive on this aspect. The main advantage of parallel robots is that their actuators are located near the base, decreasing the inertia compared to serial robots. However, there are few parallel collaborative robots on the market. In this Master's thesis, a novel concept of a redundant hybrid robot used for low impedance physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) applications is presented. This robot has a 3-[R(RRRRR) SR] architecture and (6+3) degrees of freedom (dof). Redundancy allows to get a larger workspace especially in rotation (compared to a non-redundant robot with the same architecture) by avoiding some type II singularity configurations in the workspace. The robot has three 3-dof hybrid legs having three actuators, and the platform, which is a 3-dof parallel planar mechanism. The three redundant degrees of freedom are used at the platform to actuate a gripper from the leg actuators. The robot has a large rotational workspace, namely > +-90° in tilt and torsion. This robot is designed to be backdrivable, with a low impedance and a low inertia. The actuators have no gearbox. The robot presented in this document is modular. Indeed, the leg architecture and the platform may differ depending on the application. In the present case, hybrid legs and planar platform are chosen for simplicity and workspace maximisation purposes. In this document, kinematic and dynamic models of the robot are presented. The main mechanical design steps and a study of the kinetic sensitivity are also detailed.
Collaborative robots become present on production lines in factories. Their easiness of installation and use and their safety features make them more attractive. Serial collaborative robots are the most popular in the industry. Their main advantage is their large workspace. However, the inertia of the members of serial robots is the main limitation of the dynamic performances. Parallel robots are more attractive on this aspect. The main advantage of parallel robots is that their actuators are located near the base, decreasing the inertia compared to serial robots. However, there are few parallel collaborative robots on the market. In this Master's thesis, a novel concept of a redundant hybrid robot used for low impedance physical human-robot interaction (pHRI) applications is presented. This robot has a 3-[R(RRRRR) SR] architecture and (6+3) degrees of freedom (dof). Redundancy allows to get a larger workspace especially in rotation (compared to a non-redundant robot with the same architecture) by avoiding some type II singularity configurations in the workspace. The robot has three 3-dof hybrid legs having three actuators, and the platform, which is a 3-dof parallel planar mechanism. The three redundant degrees of freedom are used at the platform to actuate a gripper from the leg actuators. The robot has a large rotational workspace, namely > +-90° in tilt and torsion. This robot is designed to be backdrivable, with a low impedance and a low inertia. The actuators have no gearbox. The robot presented in this document is modular. Indeed, the leg architecture and the platform may differ depending on the application. In the present case, hybrid legs and planar platform are chosen for simplicity and workspace maximisation purposes. In this document, kinematic and dynamic models of the robot are presented. The main mechanical design steps and a study of the kinetic sensitivity are also detailed.
Germain, Coralie. "Conception d'un robot parallèle à deux degrés de liberté pour des opérations de prise et de dépose". Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2013. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01108739.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the optimal design of a two degree-of-freedom translational (T2) parallel robot for pick-and-place operations. The main contribution of the thesis is the design of a new T2 parallel robot named IRSBot-2 (IRCCyN Spatial roBot with 2 DOF) dedicated to pick-and-place operations. The IRSBot-2 has a spatial architecture, which provides it with a high intrinsic stiffness. The IRSBot-2 has been developed in the framework of the ARROW French ANR project that aims to design fast and accurate robots with a large operational workspace. A methodology has been developed for the design of the IRSBot-2 and used to find the optimum design of other T2 parallel robots and to compare their performances with IRSBot-2 ones. The thesis report is divided into five chapters. A state of the art on existing robots for pick-and-place operations is presented in Chapter 1 and highlights the relevance of the IRSBot-2 to satisfy the requirements of the ARROW project. Chapter 2 describes the architecture of the IRSBot-2. Chapter 3 is about the singularity analysis of the IRSBot-2 as well as a detailed dimensional synthesis to come up with a singularity-free design. Chapter 4 introduces the elastic (static and dynamic) models of the IRSBot-2. A systematic method for computing the natural frequencies of any parallel robot is also developed. Chapter 5 deals with the design optimization of parallel robots for pick-and-place operations based on technology oriented indices. Finally, the detailed design of the IRSBot-2 prototype is illustrated
Occello, Michel. "Blackboards distribués et parallèles : application au contrôle de systèmes dynamiques en robotique et en informatique musicale". Nice, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NICE4627.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the design of software tools for « intelligent » process control, i. E. Real time intelligent software. These tools need decision making and operator assistance capabilities. They involve many types of cooperating knowledge. In Distributed Artificial Intelligence, the blackboard concept can be viewed as a orgnisational framework for multi agent systems. The adaptation of the blackboard concept to the design of control tools is studied in order to show advantages and limits and to build a model according to the constraints of the domain. A synthesis of the studies on blackboard in existing control systems and on the use of parallelism in this system shows that the problem is the specification of an architecture able to meet real time constraints. Then, an original model of real time parallel blackboard is presented. A representation of the concept in this framework using mathematical sets is chosen. The specification of agents and shared data is sufficient to describe the system. A generic control unit is proposed. The components of the model are described using Petri nets. A development tool based on this model is presented. Finally, this thesis proposes a decomposition of the problem of process control based on specialized blackboards. Three applications valid the model and the decomposition. They deal with computer music robotics and teleoperation
Lauzier, Nicolas. "Mécanismes de sécurité pour l'interaction physique humain-robot : réduction des forces de contact par l'utilisation de limiteurs de couple dans la conception de robots manipulateurs". Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28505/28505.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis presents the analysis, synthesis, optimization, design and experimental validation of safety mechanisms in the context of physical human-robot interaction. In order to improve safety, which is essential to allow the coexistence of humans and robots, an approach based on the design of intrinsically safe manipulators is preferred to collision avoidance and detection systems for reliability reasons. The maximum contact force occuring during a collision is used as a safety criterion due to its simplicity and validity in the context of robotics. For serial robots, it is proposed to place a torque limiter in series with each actuator whereas for suspended robots, it is preferable to separate the base and the effector with a parallel mechanism in which some joints are replaced with torque limiters --- thereby forming a \emph{Cartesian force limiting device}. The use of such mechanisms allows the reduction of the effective manipulator inertia during a collision without affecting the performances under normal conditions. A model is first created in order to compare --- using simulations --- the safety gains obtained with torque limiters with the ones obtained with other articular safety mechanisms when they are implemented alone or in combination with other safety devices. Methods to optimally control the thresholds of adjustable torque limiters placed in series with each actuator of a serial robot are developed. A kinematic performance index is proposed in order to optimize the pose and architecture of such a robot. The approach and the developed methods are experimentally validated using prototypes of adjustable torque limiters based on friction which are placed in series with each actuator of a four-degree-of-freedom robot. Finally, architectures of Cartesian force limiting devices are proposed and optimized and their effectiveness in the context of suspended robots is experimentally validated.