Tesis:

1

Barbosa, Marcio. "Modelagem de cadeia de suprimentos de produtos farmacêuticos e de cosméticos, usando sistemas de controle discreto: estudo de caso". Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/RMSA-89WLM4.

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The objective of this essay is to use digital models predictors for echelon of a supply chain of pharmacist products and cosmetics, mainly for FMX Company that represents the weak echelon of the chain. The methodology is based on control systems and allows us to gain valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of supply chain replenishment rules. Also introduce engineering control concepts to quantify the variance amplification bullwhip effect (Forrester Effect) or variance reduction and in consequence the decreasing inventories throughout the chain, making it competitive. The applied methodology was the case study, within two echelons of the chain through real data and composed of up to and out order, it means, orders from an echelon down to and up to another one. At the end signaling demands were compared with and without filters, indifferent echelons, as well as the influence of the professional that is in charge of signaling the demand.
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo utilizar modelos digitais na previsão de demanda para elos de uma cadeia de suprimentos de produtos farmacêuticos e de cosméticos, principalmente para a empresa FMX, que se constitui no elo fraco da cadeia. A metodologia está baseada em sistema de controle que cria e permite ganhar habilidades no conhecimento dinâmico em cadeia de suprimento e regras de reabastecimento. Também introduz conceitos da área de engenharia de controle para quantificar o efeito de chicoteamento (efeito Forrester), redução da variância da demanda e, como conseqüência, o enxugamento de estoques ao longo da cadeia de suprimentos, tornando-a competitiva. A metodologia utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso, em dois elos da cadeia, através de dados reais, constituídos de demandas de entrada e de saída, ou seja, pedidos de elo a jusante para elo a montante e vice versa ao longo da cadeia. Ao final foram comparadas as sinalizações de demandas (previsões de demanda) com e sem filtros em diferentes elos, assim como a influência do profissional que decide ao sinalizar a demanda.

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2

Hallak, Ricardo. "Simulações numéricas de tempestades severas na RMSP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/14/14133/tde-04032009-085852/.

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Tempestades severas ocorrem na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) principalmente nos meses quentes e úmidos do ano. Nesta tese, os mecanismos de disparo da convecção profunda são estudados por meio de análises observacionais e simulações numéricas com o Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). A metodologia proposta compreende o uso da parametrização microfísica fria na simulação dos processos físicos que levam à formação de nuvens cumulonimbus, sem o uso da parametrização de cúmulos nas grades de altíssima resolução espacial. Nos eventos estudados, as primeiras células de precipitação observadas e simuladas surgiram em razão da interação entre o escoamento atmosférico na camada limite planetária e a topografia local. As células secundárias foram geralmente mais intensas, uma vez que elas surgiram após o aquecimento diabático adicional. O mecanismo de disparo das células secundárias foi a corrente ascendente induzida pela propagação horizontal das frentes de rajada em baixos níveis da atmosfera das correntes descendentes das células primárias. As frentes de rajada tiveram velocidade de propagação horizontal típica de 6 m s-1. No evento de 02 de fevereiro de 2004, células convectivas profundas foram simuladas com alto grau de realismo no domínio da grade de 3 km de resolução espacial. Observou-se que, neste caso, a frente de brisa marítima pôde atuar como guia de ondas para a colisão entre duas frentes de rajada. A propagação da frente de brisa marítima para o interior do continente ocorreu em conjunção a um forte gradiente de vapor dágua nos níveis mais baixos da troposfera. As células convectivas profundas secundárias surgiram e se desenvolveram exatamente nesta zona de interface, a qual representa o contraste entre as diferentes massas de ar marítima e continental. No evento de 04 de fevereiro de 2004, na grade de 1 km de resolução, a análise objetiva com as medidas das estações de superfície na RMSP correspondente às 1800 UTC indicou a presença de uma ilha de calor urbana com até 4 oC de aquecimento diferencial entre a Capital e vizinhanças. O principal efeito da assimilação destas medidas foi a redução do NCL em até 80 hPa, o que favoreceu o disparo da convecção naquela área.
Severe thunderstorms occur in the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP) mainly in the warm and wet months of the year. In this work, the triggering mechanisms of deep convection are studied through observed data and numerical simulations with the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). The proposed methodology focuses in the use of microphysics parameterization of cold clouds to simulate physical process linked to the life cycle of thunderstorms. The cumulus cloud parameterization isnt used in high resolution numerical grids. In the real case studies, both observed and simulated, early convective cells developed as a consequence of the interaction between the planetary boundary layer atmospheric flow and the local topography. The secondary convective cells were generally strongest, once they developed after additional surface diabatic heating. The triggering mechanism of these secondary cells was the updraft induced by gust fronts generated by downdrafts of primary cells. The gust fronts had a typical horizontal propagation velocity of 6 m s-1. In the February 02 2004 event, deep convective cells were simulated with high degree of realism with a 3 km resolution grid. It was observed that, in this case, the sea-breeze front could act as a wave guide to the collision between two different gust fronts. In addition, the sea breeze front propagated to the continental area together with a strong low level water vapor gradient. The secondary deep convective cells arose and developed exactly on this interface zone, which represents the contrast between the oceanic and continental air masses. The interface zone was marked by a water vapor mixing rate of 14 g kg-1. In the February 04 2004 event, the objective analysis, made with some MASP´s surface stations measurements at 1800 UTC in the 1 km resolution grid, indicates the presence of an urban heat island with up to 4 oC of differential heating between São Paulo city and its neighboring area. The main effect in assimilating these surface measurements was the lowering of the lift condensation level up to 80 hPa, which favored the triggering of convection in that area.

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3

Rühl, Maximilian. "Prozessmodellierung von Reaktiv-Multischicht-Systemen (RMS)". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-198818.

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The focus of this work is the theoretical and experimentell descreption of so-called Reactive Multilayer Systems (RMS). The RMS consist of at least two mostly metallic materials, which can exothermic response with each other. Using magnetron sputter deposition (MSD) several hundred to thousands alternating layers are produced. The periodic thickness varies between 10-150 nm and the total thickness between 10-100 µ m . The exotermic reaction is effected by an activation energy, e.g. with an electric spark. In this case a phase transition of the RMS materials, which are in a metastable equilibrium, will take place. This released energy in the shape of heat, which actvates the reaction in the neighboring areas. It forms a self-sustaining thermal wave through the RMS foil. In this case the amount of energy is present, that a solder on the RMS or the joining samples or even the material itself can be melted. Therefore the RMS can be used as a heat source for joining two components. The major advantage of this technology is the very low heat input in the bonding components, due to the milliseconds of the reaction. Thus the components are heated only superfical and there is no structural damage. Thus a very low-stress joining is possible. Furthermore is guaranteed, because of the metallic materials, a very high electrical and thermal conductivity. For the theoretical characterization of the physical and chemical processes within the RMS FEM-Simulations of the absolut temperature and the propagation velocity are preformed. In order to calculate the tmeperature ditribution in the components a new method will presented. It is thus possible to calculate the temperature penetration of the components to determine potential thermal barrier layer-thickness and the meltig time. Thus parameters for the specific joint problem such as period thickness, etc. of the RMS are derived. Modelling the heat transport after joining with RMS it is possible to derive a corralation between the thermal conductivity and shear strength. To quantify the theoretical results and to require certain parameters for the calculations experiments were preformed. The RMS will be investigated experimentally in terms of their enthalpy H , propagation velocity v , nascent temperature, melting time t schmelz , interdiffusion zone w , phase transition and its use as inovative heat source for joining components. The experimental results are compared with the theortical and complet this work.

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4

Busfield, Anthony Leigh. "The RMS survey : radio and millimeter studies". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424608.

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5

Peres, Thais Helena de Alcântara. "Educação superior, emprego e renda: uma relação problemática. RMSP. 2002-2009". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-27092010-160051/.

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Este estudo investigou a relação entre educação e renda a fim de entender os limites da educação superior como promotora do bem-estar individual e social. Pretende, assim, contribuir para a análise dos impactos, no curto prazo, da educação superior sobre o mercado de trabalho e sobre a renda dos trabalhadores em seu conjunto. A escolha do recorte de tempo, 2002-2009, é particular porque é o momento no qual as dinâmicas de três processos sociais, aparentemente sem muita sinergia entre eles, começam a se encontrar. Os processos são: (i) a expansão do acesso ao ensino superior, particularmente do setor privado; (ii) a reestruturação do mercado de trabalho na RMSP Região Metropolitana de São Paulo; e (iii) o crescimento da PIA População em Idade Ativa. A questão que se colocou foi entender quais arranjos sociais seriam feitos para dar conta da maior entrada de pessoas mais jovens e mais escolarizadas num mercado de trabalho que redefinia a sua estrutura de oportunidades. Foram utilizados os bancos de dados da PME Pesquisa Mensal de Emprego do IBGE para as análises cross section dos mesmos pares de indivíduos em dois momentos, 2002-2003 e 2008- 2009, fornecendo elementos descritivos para a compreensão da relação em foco. Modelos probabilísticos Logit e OLogit foram modelados para a mensuração dos impactos, entre 2002 e 2009, da escolaridade sobre a ocupação (emprego ou desemprego); da escolaridade sobre a qualidade da ocupação (mercado formal ou mercado informal); e os impactos na renda recebida pelos indivíduos segundo as características de escolaridade, idade, gênero, cor, condição na família e inserção no mercado de trabalho. Entre outras conclusões, os resultados desta investigação reafirmam as possibilidades muito maiores do trabalhador com ensino superior de estar nos estratos superiores de renda, mas destacam que ele perdeu importância para fins de empregabilidade no período analisado, ao contrário do trabalhador com ensino médio cuja importância aumenta para fins de empregabilidade.
This study assesses the relation between education and income in order to understand the limits of higher education as a promoter of individual and social welfare. Thus seeks to contribute to the analysis of the impacts in the short run of higher education on the labor market and the income of workers. The chosen period of analysis, 2002-2009, is special because it is the moment when the dynamics of three social processes begin to meet, though apparently without much synergy among them. The processes are: (i) the expanding access to higher education, particularly at private institutions, (ii) the restructuring of the labor market in Sao Paulo Metropolitan Area, and (iii) the working age population growth. The issue was about social arrangements that would be made to allow more young and educated people entering in the labor market whose structure of opportunities have been redefined. The databases of the PME (Montly Employment Survey)/IBGE were used for cross section analysis of the same pairs of individuals on 2002-2003 and 2008-2009 and provided descriptive statistics to figure out the relation between education and income across the population. Probabilistic Models - Logit and OLogit - were modeled to measure education impacts between 2002 and 2009 on the occupation (employment or unemployment); schooling on the quality of occupation (the formal or informal market), and impacts on individuals income according to characteristics of schooling, age, gender, race, family position and insertion in the labor market. Among other conclusions, the results of this investigation reaffirm the far greater probabilities of workers with higher education earn higher wages, but stressed that higher education became less important for employability in the period analyzed, unlike high school whose importance increases for employability.

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6

Flynn, Kevin. "THE RMS FRAMEWORK OF ACADEMIC MARKETING RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY". Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1600792969043768.

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Lee, Hye Joo. "CRT-RMS cross-cultural study with Korean college students". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/39505.

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The Conditional Reasoning Test-Relative Motive Strength (CRT-RMS; James, 1998) has shown to be a psychometrically reliable and valid approach for measuring implicit motives and biases in United States and European contexts (James&Rentsch, 2004; Mot, 2003). Extended from previous research, the current study demonstrated the utility of the CRT-RMS with a sample of 186 college students in Korea. The results showed a significant association between the CRT-RMS scores and Korean college students' grade point average. Korean samples also supported the dissociative model in relating with self-report measures. Additionally, mean score differences on implicit and explicit measures of achievement motivation between Korean and US samples provided meaningful information. Implications of cross-culturally valid implicit measures are discussed.

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8

Teixeira, Marcelo. "A sustentabilidade na RMSP através do saneamento básico: Sabesp, um estudo de caso". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-17112010-145014/.

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O trabalho consiste em entender o papel de uma empresa de saneamento, a Sabesp, Companhia de Saneamento Básico de São Paulo, na sustentabilidade da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, RMSP, através de seus projetos estruturantes: Projeto Tietê, Projeto Vida Nova, Córrego Limpo e o PURA. Para tanto, foram analisados os dados oficiais dos programas desenvolvidos pela companhia paulista juntamente com depoimentos dos profissionais envolvidos com os projetos, com especialista do Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas - IPT e do responsável pelo Programa Vida Nova da PMSP. A partir de então, pôde-se concluir que, apesar do bom encaminhamento dos programas e de suas ações serem multidisciplinares, é necessário que, para que se tenha um resultado efetivo, todas as ações sejam pensadas e desenvolvidas de forma ampla e sistemática, com participação intensa e colaborativa de toda a sociedade bem como de agentes públicos e privados e em longo prazo.
The work consists in understanding the role of a sanitation company, Sabesp, the Basic Sanitation Company of São Paulo, at the sustainability of São Paulo´s Metropolitan Region (RMSP), by means of its structuring projects: Projeto Tietê, Projeto Vida Nova, Córrego Limpo and PURA. In order to do that, the official data of the developed programs by the São Paulo´s company have been analyzed, together with the statements of the professionals involved with the projects, with the expert of the Instituto de Pesquisa Tecnológica - IPT and the responsible for the Programa Vida Nova of São Paulo´s City Hall. From then on, it was possible to conclude that, despite the good management of the programs and that their actions are multitasks, it is necessary that, in order to achieve an effective result, all actions are reasoned and developed in a broad and systematic way, with an intense and collaborative participation of all society as well as the public and private players and in the long term.

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9

Nestler, Franziska. "Automated Parameter Tuning based on RMS Errors for nonequispaced FFTs". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-160989.

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In this paper we study the error behavior of the well known fast Fourier transform for nonequispaced data (NFFT) with respect to the L2-norm. We compare the arising errors for different window functions and show that the accuracy of the algorithm can be significantly improved by modifying the shape of the window function. Based on the considered error estimates for different window functions we are able to state an easy and efficient method to tune the involved parameters automatically. The numerical examples show that the optimal parameters depend on the given Fourier coefficients, which are assumed not to be of a random structure or roughly of the same magnitude but rather subject to a certain decrease.

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Kalikavunkal, Priya. "Development of EMT Simulation Model to Use RMS Control Model". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektro- och systemteknik (EES), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-187641.

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Evolution is continuous and as a result, developments in semiconductors are endless. This led to the Voltage Source Converter (VSC) based High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) converter termed as HVDC light. HVDC light is quite preferable because of its pros in the technology used as well as the application it is used for. For instance, the VSC technology allows independent control of the real and reactive power and has reduced short circuit current. HVDC light are used in applications such as wind power integration, offshore power supply, underground transmission and in enhancing connected AC networks. It is vital that the control system in HVDC ensures the stability of the system and the power flow between the AC and DC systems. This is done by determining the instant at which the IGBT’s are fired in the converterstations (at both rectifier and inverter). ABB has developed RMS (using sequence components and phasors) control system based on the actual control system in a fully graphical programming language tool known as Hidraw. This RMS control has been implemented in other simulation software such as Netomac, Power factory and PSS/E. the RMS control Model is named by ABB as Common Component. The thesis aims at implementing an RMS control Model in an EMT (Electro Magnetic Transient Tools) simulation, carried out at the department of High Voltage Direct Current at ABB, Ludvika. The RMS control Model is a developed power system control and protection model which uses a simplified representation of areal time control system. When implemented, the RMS control model results are then compared with the detailed control representation implemented in PSCAD. The thesis is a result of ABB’s innovative ideas in implementing the RMS control model called Common Component into various other simulation tools of different compatibility that enables the control system to be exercised and exploited to its fullest. It also gives the prospect in developing the control system to ensure the electrical system is more efficient. The control system implemented in the EMT tool will enable developing better EMT models. The Common Component is developed but has not been implemented in PSCAD. There has been no reference to such work being carried out. Hence no reference has been referred to specific to the main work. Currently the EMT tool uses a detailed representation that shares the same code as the actual control system, MACHTM (Modular Advanced Control for HVDC) [9] control system. The implementation of Common Component in PSCAD requires an interface between them to pass the necessary parameters between them. The Common Component is developed in C++ and FORTRAN while PSCAD uses FORTRAN and hence proper interface in C++ is developed. Thereafter the electrical model representing one HVDC station (rectifier) is modelled in PSCAD. Four electrical models are implemented, described and evaluated to achieve proper control in the electrical system. The electrical models are operated in STATCOM (Static synchronous compensator) mode, where either reactive power or AC Voltage Control can be used. The model is run in reactive power control mode and the system is studied along with the control system for the required control. Model 4 gives more accurate results compared with the other models. There is better reactive power control in monitoring the PCC (point of common Coupling) and converter bus of the HVDC system. Since the Common Component is a simplified representation of the MACH [9] control system, it can behanded over to third parties without IP concerns. A simplified representation also gives the advantage of reduced simulation time. The electrical model can be further extended for both the converter stations and assessed for other control modes such as real power, dc voltage control and ac voltage control. Also the model needs to be further investigated on its behavior when subjected to faults.
Utveckling är kontinuerlig och det betyder att även utvecklingen av halvledare är oändlig. Det har lett till att en Voltage Source Converter (VSC) baserad High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) omvandlare som kallas HVDC Light har skapats. HVDC light är att föredra på grund av dess fördelar i den teknik som används samt applikationerna den används för. Till exempel så tillåter VSC tekniken oberoende kontroll av den verkliga och reaktiva effekten och har minskat kortslutningsströmen. HVDC Light används i applikationer så som vindkraftintegration, offshore strömförsörjning, markkabelöverföring och för att förbättra anslutna växelströmsnät. Styrsystemet i HVDC säkerställer stabiliteten i systemet och kraftflödet mellan AC- och DC-system. Detta görs genom att bestämma det ögonblick då IGBT tänds i strömriktarstationerna (både likriktare och växelriktare). ABB har utvecklat ett RMS (med sekvenskomponenter och fasvektorer) styrsystem baserat på det faktiska styrsystemet i ett helt grafiskt programmeringsverktyg som kallas Hidraw. Denna RMS-kontroll har implementerats i andra simuleringsprogram såsom Netomac, Powerfactory och PSS/E. ABB kallar sin RMS-kontroll för Common Component. Avhandlingen syftar till att implementera en RMS-styrsystemsmodell i en EMT (Electro Magnetic Transient Tools) simulering som utförs vid institutionen för högspänd likström vid ABB, Ludvika. RMS-styrsystemsmodellen är ett befintligt utvecklat styr- och skyddssystem som använder en förenklad representation av det verkliga styrsystemet. När det implementerats jämförs resultaten från RMS-modelen med detaljerade styrsystemsrepresentationer som genomförts i PSCAD. Avhandlingen är ett resultat av ABBs innovativa idéer att implementera Common Component i olika simuleringsverktyg, trots deras olikheter, vilket gör det möjligt att prova och utvärdera styrsystemet maximalt. Det ger också utvecklingspotential för effektiviteten i kraftnäten. Att implementera styrsystemet i ett EMT-verktyg ger även bättre kunskap om att utveckla bättre EMT modeller. Common Component är redan utvecklad men har inte blivit implementerad i PSCAD. Det finns inga referenser till att något sådant arbete har utförts. Därför har inga sådana referenser tagits upp i rapporten. För närvarande så använder EMT verktyget en detaljerad styrsystemsrepresentation som delar samma kodbas som det verkliga styrsystemet, MACHTM (Modular Advanced Control for HVDC) [9]. Implemeteringen av Common Component i PSCAD kräver att gränssnitt mellan de båda kan överföra nödvändiga parametrar. Common Component är utvecklat i C++ och FORTRAN, PSCAD använder FORTRAN. För att kommunikationen mellan de två verktygen ska fungera har ett gränssnitt utvecklats i C++. Den elektriska modell som representerar en HVDC station (likriktaren) har tagits fram i PSCAD. Totalt har fyra olika elektriska modeller implementerats, beskrivits och utvärderats för att hitta en optimal representation. Implemeteringen av Common Component i PSCAD kräver att gränssnitt mellan de båda kan överföra nödvändiga parametrar. Common Component är utvecklat i C++ och FORTRAN, PSCAD använder FORTRAN. För att kommunikationen mellan de två verktygen ska fungera har ett gränssnitt utvecklats i C++. Den elektriska modell som representerar en HVDC station (likriktaren) har tagits fram i PSCAD. Totalt har fyra olika elektriska modeller implementerats, beskrivits och utvärderats för att hitta en optimal representation.

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11

Ortega, Guilherme Margarido 1989. "Sonho e recomeço : as decisões migratórias das famílias da RMC". [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279655.

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Orientador: José Marcos Pinto da Cunha
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Analisamos as características dos migrantes (homens e mulheres) responsáveis pelo domicílio, consideradas através da sua escolaridade, posição no mercado de trabalho, papel desempenhado na residência e participação em redes sociais ¿ esta, no sentido de facilitar e/ou incentivar a migração, influenciando na tomada de decisão em migrar ou não. Esta dissertação tem como objetivo observar a importância da decisão migratória na mobilidade residencial intrametropolitana, realizando uma diferenciação entre os domicílios com responsáveis declarados homens e mulheres, bem como a influência dos condicionantes de gênero relacionados ao papel da mulher no domicílio. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados coletados em uma pesquisa domiciliar realizada em 2007 na Região Metropolitana de Campinas que contém não apenas dados mais detalhados sobre as trajetórias migratórias dos indivíduos como também dos responsáveis pelos domicílios, além de outras informações sobre suas condições materiais e sociais, incluindo aspectos sobre redes e capital social. Ademais, utilizamos os dados do Censo Demográfico Brasileiro de 2010 e entrevistas qualitativas
Abstract: We analyze characteristics of migrants (men and women) household heads, considered by their education, position in the labor market, the role of the residence and participation in social networks - in order to facilitate and/or encourage migration, influencing in making the decision to migrate or not. This thesis aims to identify the importance of migration decision intrametropolitan residential mobility, making a differentiation between households with officials declared men and women, as well as the influence of gender-related constraints to women's role in the household. We used data collected in a household survey conducted in 2007 in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, that not only contains more detailed data on migration trajectories of individuals as well as the heads of households to both, as well as other information about their material and social conditions including aspects of networks and social capital. Furthermore, we use data from the Brazilian Population Census 2010 and qualitative interviews
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Demografia
Mestre em Demografia

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Rodrigues, Francisco de Assis. "(In) eficacia do modelo brasileiro de festão de recursos hidricos : a experiencia da RMSP". [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286785.

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Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: O modelo brasileiro de gestão de recursos hídricos tem sido apresentado aos usuários de água como uma panacéia. Ou seja: como solução para todos problemas relacionados a água, que já afetam o país de norte a sul. Já se passou mais de uma década desde a implantação deste modelo na RMSP e infelizmente a melhoria na qualidade das águas disponíveis, nem de longe foi alcançada neste período. Nos últimos 15 anos, interlocutores de setores da sociedade civil, do estado, da indústria e do mercado vêm se dedicando ao desenvolvimento e implementação dos instrumentos de gestão preconizados pela norma, porém ainda não foram equacionados os graves problemas que a relativa escassez de água acarreta periodicamente à metrópole paulistana. O presente trabalho analisa uma parte substancial desses instrumentos, bem como as proposituras dos atores acima mencionados e já transformadas em normas, relatórios e projetos para esta região. Concomitantemente a esta análise, resgatam-se referenciais teóricos das últimas décadas do século passado, no intuito de mostrar que, tanto a visão norteadora dos modelos de gestão atuais está abrigada nestes referenciais, quanto os diagnósticos que eles produziram, em pouco se diferenciam daqueles apresentados agora, em relação aos recursos naturais e em particular as águas. Apresenta exemplos de experiências no setor de gestão de águas, vividas por países como França, Alemanha, Inglaterra/País de Gales, Holanda, México, Estados Unidos e Brasil, onde, embora as características fisiográficas sejam muito diferentes, o emprego dos instrumentos de gestão de recursos hídricos busca os mesmos objetivos - ou seja, melhorar e manter a qualidade da água de modo a atender as demandas pelo recurso. Depois de apresentar essas experiências e de mostrar que os fundamentos do modelo de gestão encontram-se abrigados na produção intelectual do fim do século passado, analisa as normas e as iniciativas brasileiras no setor. Análise esta que leva o autor a concluir que os agentes responsáveis pela implementação do modelo brasileiro, têm sido muito eficientes na montagem e/ou adaptação das instituições do setor. No entanto, os resultados até agora obtidos, em matéria de controle sobre a qualidade e a quantidade da água, apenas demonstram quão baixa é a eficácia do modelo.
Abstract: The new Brazilian model of water management has been presented to the public opinion as a new panacea. It is intended to be the solution to all problems associated with water from North to South of the Country. Meanwhile, after more than a decade of applying this model to the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo City the results are poor since we can not say that there no improvement in the quality of available water. Legally, the Brazilian Water Management Model was created 15 years ago, but to be applied in practice it depends on a series of complementary regulations. Over the last years, professionals and academics from the society, State, industry and market have joined forces to put pressure on government to implement these regulations. Even with the application of these complementary regulations, the model has been unable in solving the problem of water scarcity in the city of São Paulo. The present thesis analyzes a significant part of these water managerial instruments (created regulations) as well as proposals from society, Government and market that are already in practice in the form of reports and projects. At the same time of this analysis, this study brings the theoretical referential of the last three decades of last century with the objective of showing that the way of thinking of the last decades is the very same one present in the current water policy. This work presents some examples of experiences in the sector of water management from countries like France, Germany, United Kingdom, Holland, Mexico, United States and Brazil. Although these countries have different physiographic features, they have a common focus: keep on or even improve the water quality in order to keep the supply of this resource to society. After the presentation of these experiences and showing that the fundaments of the current water policy comes from the 20th century, this work analyzes some topics the water Law as well as some Brazilian initiatives for this strategic sector. The author concludes that public agents responsible for implementing the Brazilian model have been efficient in the elaboration reports and creation and/or adaptation of institutions of this sector. But, as yet, the results are poor in terms of improving the quality and quantity of water, and this demonstrates the inefficiency of the current model.
Doutorado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Doutor em Ciências

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Leal, Greisse Quintino. "Políticas públicas de esgotamento sanitário no território da região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-03052018-112920/.

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Esta pesquisa de Geografia Urbana é um diagnóstico do Esgotamento Sanitário na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Objetivou-se apresentar as Políticas Públicas (PPs) de Saneamento Básico, as Instituições do Saneamento Básico e a infraestrutura existente nos municípios metropolitanos a fim de evidenciar, com detalhe, o quadro de degradação hídrica urbana e seus motivos. A tese é de que as PPs são capazes de promover mudanças no território quando cumprido o processo de implementação das mesmas pelas instituições do Saneamento Básico. A relação entre as instituições apresenta conflitos, sobreposições de poder e lacunas que promovem o esvaziamento parcial das PPs. O policy cycle de Frey (2000) e os 3 Es (Eficácia, Eficiência e Efetividade) de Arretche (1998) são o fundamento teórico para identificar os rebatimentos territoriais produzidos pelas PPs. Com esta investigação obteve-se os seguintes resultados: existe uma fragilidade institucional na esfera dos municípios que precisa ser combatida, pois o ente municipal está desterritorializado dos sistemas sanitários dentro de seus limites administrativos; a participação popular junto às decisões sobre o Saneamento Básico é diminuta e que urge sensibilizar as populações sobre esta questão urbana e política; a gestão do esgotamento sanitário apresenta falhas e torna as PPs morosas e ineficazes. Este conjunto de pontos instáveis em todos os níveis administrativos desabilitam a efetividade das Políticas Públicas de Saneamento Básico na RMSP, em especial no que se refere ao esgotamento sanitário. O setor é complexo e exige uma série de reformulações quanto à execução das PPs e a atuação das instituições do Saneamento Básico.
This research of Urban Geography is a diagnosis of Sanitary Sewage in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (RMSP). The objective was to present the Public Policies (PPs) of Basic Sanitation, the Institutions of Basic Sanitation and the existing infrastructure in the metropolitan municipalities in order to evidence, in detail, the urban water degradation framework and its reasons. The thesis is that PPs are able to promote changes in the territory when the implementation process of the same by the Basic Sanitation institutions is completed. The relation between institutions presents conflicts, power overlaps and loopholes that promote the partial emptying of PPs. The Frey (2000) policy cycle and the 3 Es (Efficicacious, Efficiency and Effectiveness) of Arretche (1998) are the theoretical basis for identifying the territorial results produced by the PPs. With this investigation the following results were obtained: there is an institutional fragility in the sphere of municipalities that needs to be combated, since the municipal entity is deterritorialized of sanitary systems within its administrative limits; the popular participation in the decisions on Basic Sanitation is small and it is urgent to raise the awareness of the population about this urban and political issue; the management of sanitary sewage presents flaws and makes PPs sluggish and ineffective. This set of unstable points at all administrative levels disables the effectiveness of the Public Policies of Basic Sanitation in the RMSP, especially with regard to sanitary sewage. The sector is complex and requires a series of reformulations regarding the execution of PPs and the actions of the Basic Sanitation institutions.

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Dale, Katherine R. "Measuring Representativeness: The Creation and Testing of the Representativeness of Mediated Characters Scale (RMCS)". The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1433851819.

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15

Davidge, Kelly S. "Effects of Carbon Monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) on Escherichia coli". Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.515442.

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Sawle, Philip John. "Biochemical properties and bioactivities of carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs)". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445046/.

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Carbon monoxide (CO), synonymous of the "silent killer", is rapidly emerging as an important and versatile mediator of physiological processes. The study of CO has been hampered by the lack of a means to simulate its release biologically. Current means to replicate the effects of CO include, most notably, the use of CO gas and upregulation of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) to generate endogenous CO. Both are limited in their approach and offer only a partial solution. The recent discovery that certain transition metal carbonyls function as CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) in biological systems highlighted the potential of exploiting this and similar classes of compounds as a stratagem to deliver CO for research and therapeutic purposes. Initially a large portfolio of CO-RMs was investigated to determine their CO releasing capability. This thesis examines a number of aspects related to the characterisation of a core group of CO-RMs including: a) CORM-3, the prototypic water soluble transition metal carbonyl b) CORM-A1, a water soluble CO-RM without a metal centre c) CORM-319, an iron based water soluble CO-RM and d) CORM-311, an ethanol soluble iron centred CO-RM. Specifically, the study will examine CO-RMs for their ability to: i) release CO ii) suppress LPS-induced nitrite production iii) promote toxicity iv) induce haem oxygenase (HO) activity and HO-1 expression and v) modulate inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. These different aspects of CO-RM characterisation were addressed using biochemical, molecular biology and cell culture techniques. Further work was also carried out determining certain chemical aspects of each CO-RM including the decomposition rate and pH/temperature stability. The study into the CO release of the new CO-RMs emphasizes the versatile potential of the metal carbonyl complexes and related compounds. This research on CO-RMs will help lay the foundations for a novel therapeutic agent based on the delivery of safe and controlled quantities of CO.

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Chalk, Christopher David. "Novel IC test methodologies : evaluation of AC RMS supply current monitoring". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244997.

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Szczecinski, Robert. "Local crystal structure of Bi-based perovskites solved by RMC modeling". Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/12773/.

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The local structure investigation by Reverse Monte Carlo modeling and comparison to average crystallographic structure of Bi-based perovskite materials are presented in this thesis. This novel technique using neutron total scattering is applied in search of possible short-range correlations between atoms to understand complex structure of these materials. Chapter One gives an introduction into perovskite structure and its properties. Chapter Two describes the difference between periodic and aperiodic crystals, which average crystallographic structure has been adopted by materials presented in this thesis. It also describes the total scattering and Pair Distribution Functions used in Reverse Monte Carlo modeling. The next chapters describe the local and average structure investigated during this thesis. Chapter Three describes the local and average perovskite structure of BiTi3/8Fe1/4Mg3/8O3 at various temperatures, where local structure analysis revealed particular displacements and correlations of A site and B site cations not captured by average crystallographic structure. Chapter Four compares local structure derived from RMC modeling and average incommensurate and commensurate crystallographic structures of Bi2Mn4/3Ni2/3O6 at room and high temperatures respectively, demonstrating importance of recognizing the length-scale of the probe used for structural characterization. Chapter Five describes the work on BiFe0.6Mn0.4O3 perovskite which was investigated by traditional crystallography to determine the modulated behavior and distorted structure of this material. The last Chapter 6 contains main conclusions from all experimental chapters.

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CARIJÉ, Anderson Andrade. "Cidades Metropolitanas: A cidade de Lauro de Freitas na RMS/BA". Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Geociências, 2007. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19797.

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O objetivo central deste trabalho é analisar Lauro de Freitas como Cidade Metropolitana, suas relações com a Região Metropolitana de Salvador e sua especialização funcional, priorizando o aprofundamento na qualidade de vida de seus moradores. Para alcançar tal objetivo, resgatamos aspectos ligados à constituição do modelo de Região Metropolitana no Brasil, assim como o acompanhamento do atual modelo. Sob essa perspectiva, realizamos um aprofundamento sobre a qualidade de vida das Cidades Nordestinas com melhores índices de IDH. Analisamos, também, a Região Metropolitana de Salvador sob aspectos ligados à qualidade de vida dos seus moradores, assim como sua arrecadação tributária, renda municipal e emprego. No decorrer do trabalho, encontramos uma Cidade Metropolitana em pleno processo de urbanização, assim como qualquer outra cidade do país. Contudo, evidenciamos a constituição de uma especialização funcional do seu espaço. Essa especialização funcional tem incrementado, operativamente, três tipos de “negócios” específicos sobre seu espaço: condomínios horizontais voltados para as classes média e alta; comércio e serviços voltados à construção civil e jardinagem; e, por fim, o desenvolvimento de instituições de ensino superior. Essa especialização funcional vem corroborando para o desenvolvimento sócio-espacial da cidade e acreditamos que, se bem instrumentalizada, terá uma importante contribuição no desenvolvimento da cidade metropolitana de Lauro de Freitas.
ABSTRACT The main object of this work is to analyze Lauro de Freitas as a Metropolitan City, its relation with the metropolitan region of Salvador and its functional specialization, aiming the life quality of its residents. To reach this objective, rescuing aspects of a Metropolitan Region’s model constitution in Brazil, such as following the current model. According to it, it was performed deepening about life quality of northern cities with the best indices of IDH. It was also analyzed the metropolitan city of Salvador about aspects of the quality life of the residents, such as collection tax, municipal income and employment. During this work a Metropolitan City was found in a urbanization process as any other city of the country, however, it was evidenced a constitution of a functional specialization of this space. This functional specialization has developed three types of specific “business” about its space, such as: horizontal properties to the high and medium society, - commercial service, civil construction and gardening – and finally, the development of college institution. This functional specialization is increasing the city socio-spacial development, and we believe that it will have an import contribution to the development of the metropolitan city Lauro de Freitas.

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François, Denis. "Approche méthodologique de la mise en place d'un réseau multiservice (RMS)". Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ENPC9436.

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L’intégration des fonctions techniques urbaines permet d’envisager à la fois un développement qualitatif et quantitatif des prestations de services aux citadins, et une meilleure efficacité globale de l’organisation technique locale. Elle repose sur l’échange d’informations entre les services techniques grâce à un réseau de télécommunications partagé. Divers projets de mise en place de réseaux partagés ont existé en France à partir de 1987. Constatant d’une part l’intérêt présenté par l’intégration pour les politiques urbaines locales actuelles, et d’autre part le manque de réussite de ces initiatives, notre objectif dans ce travail est d’apporter une réponse globale au problème de la mise en place d’un réseau partagé pour l’intégration des fonctions techniques urbaines. Cela consiste à identifier les causes des problèmes et déterminer leurs remèdes. Nous avons recensé six collectivités locales (Besançon, Gardanne, Nîmes, Montpellier, Nancy et Paris) qui ont été le siège de tels projets. Grâce à la connaissance du contexte général dans lequel doit naître tout projet de ce type (Partie A), il est plus aisé d’expliquer les écueils mis en évidence comme s’étant opposés à la réussite des divers projets (Partie B). D’une part ces écueils tiennent au manque de référence, tant réelle que conceptuelle, relative au réseau partagé et à l’intégration. Ils tiennent d’autre part à la difficile conduite d’un projet multi-acteur et innovant. Proposé comme pouvant servir de référence conceptuelle à des projets futurs, un modèle générique de réseau pour l’intégration des fonctions est présenté. Le réseau multiservices – RMS – est une plate-forme télé-informatique intégrant des modules autonomes. Proposé comme pouvant servir de guide aux partenaires engagés dans la définition des caractéristiques d’un RMS spécifiquement local, (répondant au projet local d’intégration), une méthode de conception est présentée. Elle conduit à l’élaboration du Schéma Directeur du RMS
Urban technical functions integration permits the development of public services in a qualitative and quantitative way, as well as a better global efficiency of the local technical organisation. It is built on an information exchange between urban technical services implemented by a divided telecommunication network. Noting on one hand the French policy-makers potential interest in functions integration, and on the other hand the lack of successful projects involving divided networks, the objective of this thesis is to provide a global answer to the problem of implementing a divided network for the integration of urban technical functions. The knowledge of the general context in which any project of this kind is created helps to explain the obstacles that were mounted preventing the success of the initiatives recorded in six French cities (Besançon, Gardanne, Nîmes, Montpellier, Nancy and Paris). On one hand, these obstacles are due to the lack of reference, real or conceptual, related to the divided network and to integration. On the other hand, they are due to the difficulties of leading an innovating multi-actor project. In order to serve as a conceptual reference for future projects, a generic network model for functions integration is proposed : the « multiservice network » (MNS). To be realistic, this model is based on an integration definition that responds to the aspirations of the urban management payers (« platform » and autonomy). In order to be used as a guideline for the project, and to take in account specifications of each city, a conception method is proposed to lead to the definition of characteristics of the local MSN (« MSN’s Director Plan »)

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21

Haupt, Joachim. "Protein Binding Site Similarities as Driver for Drug Repositioning". Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-144517.

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Drug repositioning applies existing drugs to new disease indications. A prerequisite for drug repurposing is drug promiscuity - a drug's ability to bind to several targets, possibly leading to side effects on the other hand. One reason for drug promiscuity is binding site similarity between (otherwise unrelated) proteins. In this thesis, a new algorithm for remote binding site similarity assessment and its application to the whole of the Protein Data Bank (PDB) is presented, forming the base for off-target identification and drug repositioning. The present thesis contributes to a long-standing debate on the reasons for drug promiscuity, being one of the pioneer studies investigating these from a protein structural point of view. Except for a small influence of flexibility, the analysis of all promiscuous drugs in the PDB revealed that drug properties are of minor importance. However, a strong correlation between promiscuity and binding site similarity of protein targets is found (r = 0.81), suggesting binding site similarity as the main reason for drug promiscuity. For 71 % of the promiscuous drugs at least one pair of their targets' binding sites is similar and for 18 % all are similar. In order to overcome issues in detection of remotely similar binding sites, a score for binding site similarity is developed: LigandRMSD measures the similarity of the aligned ligands and uncovers remote local similarities in proteins. It can be applied to arbitrary binding site alignments and also works on distinct ligands on a structural proteome scale. To answer the question on which other targets might be hit when targeting a particular protein, an all-to-all binding site alignment of 32,202 protein structures is analyzed. Of the hundreds of million possible protein pairs, 0.27 % were found to have similar binding sites. Extrapolating to the human proteome, for one human protein are 54 proteins with a similar binding site expected on average. Clearly, this is in contrast to the one drug-one target paradigm in drug development. Based on these data, disadvantageous off-targets can be uncovered and drug-repositioning candidates inferred. The enormous potential is demonstrated with the example of Viagra, proposing it for repositioning to Alzheimer's disease and prostate cancer. The findings in this thesis question the established single-target dogma in drug discovery. Drugs are triggered to modulate multiple targets simultaneously by the widespread binding site similarity. With the presented pipeline, drug targets can be reliably predicted: Starting from a target protein, additional targets are predicted based on binding site similarity and prioritized according to the resulting ligand structural overlap. Identifying drug targets helps to understand severe side effects and opens the door for drug repositioning.

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22

Whitley, Michael Aaron. "Using statistical learning to predict survival of passengers on the RMS Titanic". Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20541.

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Master of Science
Statistics
Christopher Vahl
When exploring data, predictive analytics techniques have proven to be effective. In this report, the efficiency of several predictive analytics methods are explored. During the time of this study, Kaggle.com, a data science competition website, had the predictive modeling competition, "Titanic: Machine Learning from Disaster" available. This competition posed a classification problem to build a predictive model to predict the survival of passengers on the RMS Titanic. The focus of our approach was on applying a traditional classification and regression tree algorithm. The algorithm is greedy and can over fit the training data, which consequently can yield non-optimal prediction accuracy. In efforts to correct such issues with using the classification and regression tree algorithm, we have implemented cost complexity pruning and ensemble methods such as bagging and random forests. However, no improvement was observed here which may be an artifact associated with the Titanic data and may not be representative of those methods’ performances. The decision trees and prediction accuracy of each method are presented and compared. Results indicate that the predictors sex/title, fare price, age, and passenger class are the most important variables in predicting survival of the passengers.

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Britto, Elissandra Alves de. "A dinâmica do novo mundo rural e o seu reflexo na RMS". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFBA, 2004. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/8891.

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A dinâmica do novo mundo rural e o seu reflexo na RMS? (Região Metropolitana de Salvador) é um trabalho que tem como propósito analisar o papel da agricultura familiar e a contribuição da reforma agrária para o processo de desenvolvimento rural sustentável no mundo rural baiano. Essas abordagens são elucidadas na perspectiva de que os centros urbanos baianos possam se tornar vítimas do processo de esvaziamento da zona rural. Nesse aspecto, ao longo do trabalho é dado enfoque sobre os impactos sociais decorrentes do desemprego da mão-de-obra agrícola baiana e do conseqüente êxodo rural. O objetivo ao elaborá-lo foi verificar se o desenvolvimento rural incentiva as pessoas a permanecerem no campo, possibilitando a redução do fluxo de migrantes que muitas vezes vão habitar as periferias e as favelas. Observa-se nas pesquisas realizadas por Machado, Schmitz e Paula que as ocupações não-agrícolas têm-se tornado cada vez mais presentes na zona rural. Ao mostrar por meio de estudos reais que a composição da renda rural vem mudando consideravelmente, busca-se ressaltar a importância dessas atividades para a redução do fluxo migratório que vêem para as grandes cidades. Esse processo dá fôlego aos centros urbanos para que resolvam ou pelo menos amenizem o problema do subemprego acumulado. Para tanto, tem-se como objeto de estudo a estrutura e a formação de renda de famílias pluriativas, afim de revelar os principais tipos de atividades que empregam e/ ou ocupam as diversas unidades de trabalho familiar (UTf), bem como suas respectivas rendas. De posse dessas informações, utiliza-se a metodologia análise-diagnóstico de sistemas agrários, que vem sendo adotada desde 1995 pelo Projeto de Cooperação Técnica firmado entre o Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária e a Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação. Ela consiste num instrumento de apoio dos profissionais que atuam na elaboração de diagnósticos para diferentes microrregiões de um país. Através destes, identificam-se os principais problemas que as famílias rurais enfrentam, e se estabelecem diretrizes para o desenvolvimento rural local mais coerentes com a necessidade de cada região.
Salvador

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Pomar, Kenri. "Visualization and Quantification of Karst and Fractures in Cretaceous Carbonates, Cassis, France". Scholarly Repository, 2010. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_theses/76.

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Fractures in carbonate strata are often associated with dissolution features such as karst cavities along the fracture plane. Integration of full resolution 3D GPR data and outcrop observation allows the visualization and quantification of fractures and karst cavites in three dimensions. Three 3D GPR cubes were acquired in the Solvay quarry, Provence region, SE France. The quarry exposes an intensly fractured and karstified shallow-water Barremian carbonates with matrix porosity less than 1.8%. The quarry walls provide the 2D information of the fractures (location, type, orientation, dip, length, aperture, spacing and stratigraphic position) and the karst (location, size, shape, stratigraphic position and relationship with fractures), that were documented using 1D scan line measurement. Several deformation features are observed in the quarry, dominated by meter-scale joints and tension gashes, and also minor faults, burial and tectonic-related stylolites. Three major fracture orientations (E-W, NW-SE and N-S) were found in the quarry with a non-uniform distribution influenced by structural position relative to major structural features (eg: large fractures (>10m) and faults). Interpretation of 3D GPR data reveals one major fracture orientation (NE-SW) that was not observed in the outcrop because it is oriented parallel with the quarry wall. Besides fractures, karst were also documented in outcrop as well as in 3D GPR data. Combination between 3D GPR and outcrop observation show that in the Solvay quarry karst occur along fracture plane and preferentially at fracture intersections. The karst are decimeter to meter-size karst which are below the resolution of 3D seismic reflection. Quantification of karst in the quarry show that karst size-frequency distribution follows power-law distribution, where small karst is more common and large karst is less common. The volume of karst in the quarry is up to 3.8% of the total rock volume. The power-law scaling relationship and the quantification of the sub-seismic karst volume will help predicting karst arrays in wide range of sizes in subsurface reservoirs, where visualization of karst is restricted to the resolution of 3D seismic data.

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Volpe, Larissa Lucciane. "Análise da paisagem no entorno dos eixos viários: o exemplo do Rodoanel Mario Covas na RMSP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-03022010-094215/.

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A construção de uma rodovia pode interferir na dinâmica urbana, transformando a paisagem em seu entorno, e isto pode ocorrer devido a diversos fatores como instalações de empreendimentos, novas ocupações residenciais, mudanças na dinâmica e na fisionomia das áreas já ocupadas. Neste trabalho, o objetivo do estudo da paisagem urbana ao longo de um eixo viário, que tem como função interligar outras rodovias, é analisar de que forma ocorrem as alterações na paisagem urbana e sua abrangência. O estudo das transformações da paisagem urbana no entorno do eixo viário Rodoanel trecho oeste nos bairros de Perus e Jaraguá na cidade de São Paulo foi trabalhada por meio de levantamento de dados de diversas fontes e utilização de geotecnologias. As geotecnologias unidas às informações provenientes de documentos e trabalhos de campo, auxiliaram na organização, gerenciamento e quantificação dos dados. Os resultados obtidos foram organizados nos mapas temáticos de área construída, área verde densa, gramínea e árvores esparsas, área de solo exposto e galpões. Estes mapas temáticos permitiram uma caracterização de um cenário no entorno do trecho oeste do Rodoanel Mario Covas nos bairros Perus e Jaraguá, com as alterações ocorridas desde o ano de 1994 até 2002, isto é, uma análise temporal. Para alcançar estes resultados foi trabalhado em ambiente SIG dois tipos de classificação digital, a analógica e a automática, sendo o método analógico realizado na imagem IKONOS e também nas fotografias aéreas; e o método automático realizado apenas na imagem de alta resolução IKONOS. Foram comparados os dois métodos e observado que a classificação analógica foi mais adequada para a realização da análise multitemporal por ter sido realizada da mesma forma nas duas fontes, nas fotos aéreas de 1994 e na imagem IKONOS de 2002; e também permitiu uma melhor visualização nos mapas temáticos por considerar áreas maiores que a classificação automática. Com a análise temporal foi possível concluir que, do ano de 1994 ao ano de 2002, a área verde densa aumentou, a área de gramínea e árvores esparsas diminuiu, a área de solo exposto diminuiu, a área construída aumentou e a área de galpões de 1984 a 2002 também aumentou. As imagens aéreas de 1994 e 2002 também foram comparadas com os trabalhos de campo realizados nos anos de 2006, 2007, 2008 e 2009, onde foi possível observar as transformações ocorridas neste período. Nesta análise, os resultados foram divididos em alterações positivas, neutras e negativas, como sugere relatório desenvolvido pela empresa responsável pela construção do trecho oeste do Rodoanel Mario Covas, e de acordo com as observações realizadas em campo e no âmbito bibliográfico. Concluiu-se aproximadamente 48% de alterações consideradas negativas, 41% positivas e 12% neutras na área de estudo.
The construction of a highway may interfere on the urban dynamics and transform the landscape in its surroundings and this might occur due to several factors as installations of new undertakings, new residential constructions, changes on the dynamics and appearance in already occupied areas. In this work, the objective in the study of the urban landscape on the surroundings of a expressway axle, that have the function to link other highways, is to analyze in which way the landscape changes occur and its range. The transformations study of the urban landscape on the surroundings of the Mario Covas Expressway, east part, on the districts of Perus and Jaraguá, was developed through the gathering of data from several sources and the use of geotechnologies. The geotechnologies united to the data from documents and field works, aided the organization, managing and quantification of the data. The results obtained were organized on thematic maps of the built area, dense green area, grass and sparse trees, exposed soil and warehouses. These thematic maps allowed a characterization of the surroundings scenario of the East part of the Mario Covas Expressway on the São Paulo districts of Perus an Jaraguá, with a temporal analysis of the changes that took place from the year of 1994 through 2002. To reach these results two types of digital classification were worked over a GIS environment: the analogic and the automatic, being the analogical method constructed over the IKONOS imagery and also over aerial photographs; and the automatic method constructed exclusively over the IKONOS high resolution imagery. The two methods were compared and observed that the analogic classification was more suited to the multitemporal analysis due to the use of the same methods on both sources, on 1994 aerial imagery and 2002 high resolution imagery; and also allowed a better visualization on the thematic maps for considering larger regions than the automatic classification. With the multitemporal analysis was possible to conclude that, from 1994 through 2002 year, the dense green area increased, the grass and sparse tree area decreased, the exposed soil area decreased, the constructed area increased and warehouses area, from 1984 to 2002 also increased. The aerial images from 1994 and 2002 also were compared with the field work developed on 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2009, where was possible to observe the transformations that took place throughout this period. In this analysis, the results was divided in positive, neutral and negative alterations, as suggests report developed by the responsible company for the construction of the East part of the Mario Covas Expressway and according to the observations carried out on the field and over the bibliography extent. The conclusion is that approximately 48% of the transformations are considered negative, 41% positive and 12% neutral over the study area.

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SAH, BIKASH KUMAR. "A NOVEL CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORK FOR AIR POLLUTION FORECASTING". Thesis, DELHI TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/18792.

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Air pollution was a global problem a few decades back. It is still a problem and will continue to be a problem if not solved appropriately.Various machine learning and deep learining approaches have been purposed for accurate prediction, estimation and analysis of the air polution. We have purposed a novel five layer one-dimensional convolution neural network architecture to forecast the PM2.5 concentration. It is a deep learning approach. We have used the five year air pollution dataset from 2010 to 2014 recorded by the US embassy in Beijing, China taken from the database from UCI machine learining repository [19]. The dataset we are considering is in the .csv format. The dataset consists of feature columns like “Number,” “year,” “month,” “day,” “PM2.5”, “PM10”, “S02”, “dew,” “temp,” “pressure,” “wind direction,” “wind direction,” “snow” and “rain.” The dataset consisted of a total of 43,324 rows and nine feature columns.The model yields the best results in predicting PM2.5 levels with an RMSE of 28.1309 and MAE of 14.9727. On statistical analysis we found that ur proposed prediction model outperformed the traditional forecasting models like DTR, SVR and ANN models for the air pollution forecasting.

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27

Chermiti, Amro. "Hur kan injicerad aktivitet individanpassas vid skelettscintigrafi? Effekten av patientspecifika parametrar". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för hälsovetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-84602.

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Bakgrund: Skelettscintigrafi är en nuklearmedicinsk undersökning. Undersökningen är den mest använda nukleardiagnostiska metoden och den genomförs ofta som en helkroppsundersökning. För att undersökningen ska kunna erhålla sin diagnostiska kvalitet, samt följa strålsäkerhetsmyndighetens rekommendationer behövs det mer kännedom till hur optimeringen ska följa as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). Studiens syfte var att optimera patientstråldos samt att undersöka hur injicerad aktivitet kan anpassas efter patientens specifika parametrar. Metod: Studiegruppen bestod av 85 patienter som genomgick skelettscintigrafier vid Central sjukhuset i Karlstad, från perioden februari-april 2020. Resultat: Visade att både ålder och vikt är patientspecifika variabler som borde tas till betraktning vid bestämning av injicerad strålningsdos. Konklusionen: För att optimera undersökningen för varje patient bör injicerad aktivitet anpassas efter både kroppsvikt och ålder. Fler studier där andra parametrar undersöks måste genomföras.
Background: Bone scintigraphy is a nuclear medicine procedure. It is the most used nuclear diagnostic method and provides the opportunity to perform a full-body examination. For the method to retain its diagnostic quality, and to follow the recommendations of the Radiation Safety Authority, more knowledge is required on how the optimization should follow as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). The purpose of the study was to optimize patient radiation dose and to investigate how the injected activity can be adapted to patient-specific parameters. Method: The study group consisted of 85 patients who underwent bone scintigraphy at the Central Hospital in Karlstad, from the period February-April 2020. Result: Showed that age and weight are patient-specific variables that should be considered when determining injected radiation dose. Conclusion: To optimize the examination for each patient, injected activity should be adjusted according to the patient’s body weight and age. More studies in where other parameters are investigated must be carried out.

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Carvalho, Carla Deguirmendjian Rosa. "Distribuição urbana de carga: um estudo com empresas que atuam na região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3148/tde-24042015-160903/.

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As externalidades negativas geradas pela distribuição urbana de cargas como congestionamentos, poluição e ruídos, são amplamente conhecidas e vivenciadas pela população que vive em grandes centros urbanos. Esses problemas têm sido agravados pelo crescimento da população urbana, pela crise no modelo de mobilidade adotado nas grandes cidades brasileiras e pelo aumento da complexidade do processo de distribuição urbana de carga. Nesse sentido, alguns atributos podem contribuir para a melhoria do desempenho logístico dos agentes participantes na distribuição de carga e outros podem dificultar a sua competitividade A investigação dos atributos de distribuição urbana de carga e dos papéis desses agentes são o ponto de partida deste estudo. A presente dissertação tem o objetivo identificar os atributos de distribuição urbana de carga, levando-se em conta os diferentes pontos de vista dos principais responsáveis pela distribuição de carga na RMSP e que atuam no mercado varejista: Embarcador, Operador Logístico, Transportador e Cliente. Para tanto, foi feita a análise do referencial teórico sobre o tema distribuição urbana de carga, foram desenvolvidos dois estudos de caso em Operadores logísticos que atuam na logística de distribuição de carga na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Foi também realizado um levantamento de dados com 119 prestadores de serviços logísticos, Operador logístico e Transportador, obtidas pela aplicação de questionário de pesquisa com esses agentes. Por meio das informações obtidas, verificou-se que os atributos relevantes e unânimes entre os prestadores de serviços logísticos, são: filas e local para carga e descarga, flexibilidade, restrição de circulação por tamanho de veículo, local regulamentado para estacionar veículos de carga, congestionamento e roubo de carga. Adicionalmente, o consumo sazonal e o comprometimento no recebimento são os problemas mais relevantes segundo os Operadores logísticos e Transportadores, respectivamente.
The negative externalities generated by the urban distribution of cargo, such as traffic jams, pollution and noise, are widely known and experienced by the population living in large urban centers. These problems have been aggravated by the growth in urban population, by the crisis in the mobility model adopted in the large Brazilian cities and by the growth in complexity of the urban cargo distribution process. In this sense, some attributes may contribute to improving the logistic performance of the agents participating in the cargo distribution and others may hinder its competitiveness. The investigation into the urban cargo distribution attributes and of these agents roles is the starting point of this study. The present thesis aims to analyze the urban cargo distribution attributes, taking into account the different points of view of the major actors in the cargo distribution in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR) and acting in the retail market: Shipper, Logistic Operator, Carrier and Client. For this, an analysis of the theoretical referential was performed regarding the theme urban cargo distribution; two case studies were conducted with Logistic Operators acting in the cargo distribution logistics in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region and, lastly, the descriptive measures of the problems faced by Logistic Service Renderers, Logistic Operators and Carriers were analyzed, obtained from the application of a research questionnaire to these agents. From the information obtained, the relevant and unanimous attributes among the logistic service renderers were verified to be: lines and places for loading/ unloading, flexibility, circulation constraints as per the size of the vehicle, regulated place to stop cargo vehicles, traffic jam and cargo theft. Added to these attributes are seasonal consumption and product compromised at receipt, which are considered relevant by Logistic Operators and Carriers, respectively.

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Lai, Jingou y Che Liu. "Use SNA instead of VNA to characterize indoor channel : implementing and rms theory". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för elektronik, matematik och naturvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-7780.

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In this report we focus on the use of an economical way on how Scalar Network Analyzer (SNA) works instead of Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) to estimate the phase angle of signals in indoor channel. This is detailed in RMS delay theory and simulation section, experimental is designed in the according Experiment Design section, where we also state the required measurements known from the math part. In our work, data are recorded both from two different channel characteristics. Method of achieving amplitude is by using deconvolution theory. The condition of applying Hilbert transform are highlighted as impulse response h(t) in time domain should be causal. The recorded data amplitude is computed by Hilbert Transform, and therefore validate the condition using Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT) back to time domain to achieve h(t). Power delay profile P(t) is therefore presented afterwards. In paper calculations of rms delay τrms of the channel which is the most important variable are also performed, the results calculated from different windowing truncation and the LOS and NLOS characteristics are compared in discussion and conclusion section, it also includes Opinions of window functions chosen for the phase estimation.

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30

Megat, Khalid Puteri Zarina binti. "A linguistic analysis of three genres associated with the ship RMS Queen Elizabeth". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3999/.

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This thesis is designed to explore three selected genres which are associated with a Scottish-built ship, RMS Queen Elizabeth, and her launch event in 1938. The main focus of this research is an exploration of how writers construct their texts by creating an interpersonal relationship with their readership in order to fulfil their communicative purposes. Specifically, it examines the generic structures and the lexico-grammar of the texts representing these genres from various theoretical perspectives. The present study analyses a set of business letters, newspaper articles and a promotional brochure which revolve around the launch event of the historic liner. The texts representing these genres are examined in terms of their generic structures using Swales’ move analysis model (1990; 2004) and Hasan’s generic structure potential framework (1985). In addition, a lexico-grammatical analysis of these texts focuses on the use of modal verbs as modality markers, analysed using three distinctive frameworks i.e. Brown and Levinson’s (1987) Politeness Theory, Martin and White’s (1998) Appraisal Framework, and Halliday’s (1994) modality system as markers of authorial commitment and/or obligation in propositions. The differing foci on the use of the modal verbs in the study are motivated by the aim of showing how these lexical items function in different genres. As a final analysis, these modal verbs in the respective genres are examined for their lexical properties using Sinclair’s (1996) and Stubbs’ (2002) Models of Extended Lexical Units. The analysis of the lexical properties of the modal verbs suggests that these lexical items possess certain patterns particularly in terms of colligation, semantic preference, and discourse prosody. The generic structures of the texts in the study are also found to serve the communicative purposes of the texts. It is also found that modal verbs are deployed by the writers to serve various functions in the three genres. In conclusion, all these findings indicate that despite being bound by a single event, these genres were clearly produced to address the communicative purposes as agreed upon by members of the individual communities of practice during that period.

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Monteiro, Henrique Luis Moreira. "Método de estimação de impedância utilizando a injeção de pequenos sinais". Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2018. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/6941.

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Neste trabalho é proposto um método para estimar a impedância de maneira invasiva, utilizando uma estrutura com controle de distúrbio, filtro para eliminar os componentes harmônicos contidos na rede e um interpolador em caso de variação de frequência. A impedância é um parâmetro importante para a análise da estabilidade de uma rede elétrica, pois através de sua estimação pode-se verificar, por exemplo, se há a presença de ressonância. Para provocar os distúrbios nos sinais de tensão e corrente utiliza-se o Sinal da Gaussiana Modulada (SGM), que pode ter seu decaimento controlado pelos parâmetros da função. Em relação à presença dos componentes harmônicos de fundo, que influenciam na estimação da impedância, é proposta uma versão do filtro Sliding Window Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform (SWRDFT), para estimar e eli-minar esses componentes, com o objetivo de permanecer somente o sinal de distúrbio. Sobre o desvio de frequência, outra questão que compromete a estimação da impedância, é proposta uma estrutura de interpolação, utilizando o método de Lagrange. A função da interpolação é estabelecer a sincronização dos sinais de corrente e tensão antes de serem processados para determinar o valor da impedância. Para validar os resultados, são realizados testes em redes no Simulink, RTDS, dSPACE e utilizando em um circuito experimental. Para os resultados são considerados Sistemas Elétricos com ressonância, com presença de componentes harmônicos de fundo e com variação de frequência. Para todos os casos a estimação obteve resultados satisfatórios.
This work proposes a method to estimate the power grid impedance in an invasive form, using a disturbance control structure, a filter to eliminate the harmonic components contained in the power grid and an interpolator in case of frequency variation. The impedance is an important parameter for the power grid stability analysis because through its estimation it can be verified, for example, if there is the presence of resonance. To insert the disturbances in the voltage and current signals, the Gaussian Modulated Signal (GMS) is used, which may have its decay controlled by the function parameters. Regarding the presence of the harmonic components, which influence the estimation of impedance, a version of the Sliding Window Recursive Discrete Fourier Transform (SWRDFT) is proposed to estimate and eliminate these components in order to remain only the disturbance signal. Regarding the frequency deviation, another issue that affects the impedance estimation, an interpolation structure is proposed, using the Lagrange method. The function of the interpolation is to establish the synchronization of the current and voltage signals before being processed to determine the impedance value. To validate the results, tests with grids on Simulink, RTDS, dSpace and using an experimental circuit are performed. Results consider Electrical Systems with resonance, with the presence of background harmonic components and frequency variation. For all cases, the estimation results were satisfactory.

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32

Hast, Isak. "Quality Assessment of Spatial Data: Positional Uncertainties of the National Shoreline Data of Sweden". Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-18743.

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This study investigates on the planimetric (x, y) positional accuracy of the National Shoreline (NSL) data, produced in collaboration between the Swedish mapping agency Lantmäteriet and the Swedish Maritime Administration (SMA). Due to the compound nature of shorelines, such data is afflicted by substantial positional uncertainties. In contrast, the positional accuracy requirements of NSL data are high. An apparent problem is that Lantmäteriet do not measure the positional accuracy of NSL in accordance to the NSL data product specification. In addition, currently, there is little understanding of the latent positional changes of shorelines affected by the component of time, in direct influence of the accuracy of NSL. Therefore, in accordance to the two specific aims of this study, first, an accuracy assessment technique is applied so that to measure the positional accuracy of NSL. Second, positional time changes of NSL are analysed. This study provides with an overview of potential problems and future prospects of NSL, which can be used by Lantmäteriet to improve the quality assurance of the data. Two line-based NSL data sets within the NSL classified regions of Sweden are selected. Positional uncertainties of the selected NSL areas are investigated using two distinctive methodologies. First, an accuracy assessment method is applied and accuracy metrics by the root-means-square error (RMSE) are derived. The accuracy metrics are checked toward specification and standard accuracy tolerances. Results of the assessment by the calculated RMSE metrics in comparison to tolerances indicate on an approved accuracy of tested data. Second, positional changes of NSL data are measured using a proposed space-time analysis technique. The results of the analysis reveal significant discrepancies between the two areas investigated, indicating that one of the test areas are influenced by much greater positional changes over time. The accuracy assessment method used in this study has a number of apparent constraints. One manifested restriction is the potential presence of bias in the derived accuracy metrics. In mind of current restrictions, the method to be preferred in assessment of the positional accuracy of NSL is a visual inspection towards aerial photographs. In regard of the result of the space-time analysis, one important conclusion can be made. Time-dependent positional discrepancies between the two areas investigated, indicate that Swedish coastlines are affected by divergent degrees of positional changes over time. Therefore, Lantmäteriet should consider updating NSL data at different time phases dependent on the prevailing regional changes so that to assure the currently specified positional accuracy of the entire data structure of NSL.

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33

Julio, Tatiana Barreto. "Análise da contribuição da Lei Específica do Guarapiranga (RMSP) para a gestão integrada do solo e da água". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-18092014-211353/.

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Desde a década de 1970 tem sido observada a expansão urbana da RMSP para áreas cada vez mais periféricas, onde há mananciais importantes para o abastecimento da população. Essa expansão foi desordenada e caracterizada por deficiências na implementação de infraestrutura, como de coleta e tratamento de esgoto doméstico, o que intensifica a degradação de mananciais como o do Guarapiranga. Diante da situação de escassez de recursos hídricos em quantidade e qualidade na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, principalmente em função de formas de uso e ocupação do solo e crescimento urbano de modo desordenado, essa pesquisa pretendeu verificar se a Lei Específica do Guarapiranga tem contribuído para uma gestão integrada entre uso e ocupação do solo e água nas áreas de mananciais do reservatório Guarapiranga. Para isso, foram utilizados materiais científicos e técnicos compondo a revisão bibliográfica; entrevistas qualitativas semiestruturadas com atores-chave e aplicação de questionário com técnicos das prefeituras e subprefeituras. A esfera municipal foi escolhida por não ter tido participação na proteção dos mananciais em período anterior, de modo que sua ausência contribuiu para a degradação das águas da Bacia do Guarapiranga. O período de análise dessa pesquisa foi entre 1971 e 2013. Foi elaborada uma definição da Gestão Integrada de Recursos Hídricos para essa pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um histórico com os principais pontos relacionados à gestão da água e do solo na bacia do Guarapiranga e analisou-se a Lei Específica da APRM Guarapiranga, principalmente na esfera municipal. Verificou-se que a lei e todos os seus instrumentos preveem a Gestão Integrada. Com relação à aplicação da lei pelas Prefeituras e Subprefeituras, observou-se que tanto a aplicação da Lei Específica quanto da Gestão Integrada ainda são incipientes. Foi confirmada a morosidade no processo de aplicação da Lei Específica e considerou-se que os principais motivos para essa morosidade foram a falta de participação do governo estadual e da sociedade civil, a falta de apoio financeiro e a falta de uma Gestão Integrada setorial e territorial.
Since the 1970s has been observed the urban sprawl of the RMSP to increasingly to remote areas where there are important water sources supplying the population. This expansion was disorderly and characterized by deficiencies in the infrastructure implementation, such as collection and treatment of domestic sewage, which enhances the watersheds degradation like Guarapiranga. Due the situation of water resources reduction in quantity and quality in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, mainly because of the land use and urban occupation way was disorderly, this research intended to verify if the Guarapiranga Specific Law has contributed to the integrated management among land use and occupation and water in the source areas of Guarapiranga reservoir. For this, scientific and technical materials were used composing the literature review; semi-structured qualitative interviews with key stakeholders; and a questionnaire with technical municipalities. The municipal level was chosen because he had no involvement in the water sources protection in the previous period, so that its absence contributed to the Guarapiranga Basin waters degradation. The period of analysis of this research was between 1971 and 2013.It was created a definition of Integrated Water Resources Management for this research, it was developed a background with the main points related to water management and land management in the Guarapiranga basin; and the analysis of the APRM Guarapiranga Specific Law, especially at the municipal level. It was found that the law and all its instruments provide for the Integrated Management. With respect to enforcement by local governments and Subprefectures it was observed that both the application of the Specific Law and the Integrated Management are still incipient. The length in the application of Specific Law was confirmed and the main reason for this lengthy process were lack of participation of the state government and civil society, lack of financial support and lack of sectoral and territorial Integrated Management.

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34

Fernandes, Maíra. "Entraves do planejamento urbano no Brasil: dos planos de desenvolvimento integrado à fragmentação das políticas urbanas na RMSP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-10072013-112805/.

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Este trabalho procura analisar as particularidades do processo urbano no contexto do desenvolvimento do modo de produção capitalista brasileiro, destacando, sobretudo, os aspectos do planejamento urbano na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. A relação do Estado junto aos mecanismos de acumulação capitalista é determinante e justifica o presente estágio de precariedade observado nas aglomerações urbanas brasileiras. Tratase de uma sociedade capitalista onde a acumulação entravada serve de base material para assegurar as formas de reprodução social, que impede o pleno desenvolvimento das forças produtivas, bem como das condições da vida urbana. O período desse estudo tem como enfoque as décadas de 1960 e 1970, quando são intensificadas as atividades de planejamento no país e novos elementos são inseridos para a organização das metrópoles, como a elaboração dos planos centralizados e integrados. Porém, mantidos somente no plano discursivo, logo fracassaram. Com o avanço da ideologia neoliberal, a partir da década de 1990, instituições metropolitanas sofreram um progressivo esvaziamento programático e privilegiou-se um modelo de planejamento urbano fragmentado e \"despolitizado\". É possível observar, portanto, que as aglomerações urbanas se organizam em função das necessidades intrínsecas do modo de produção capitalista no Brasil e suas particularidades, e que evidenciam as tensões sociais constitutivas da metrópole de uma sociedade de elite. O processo de transformação dessa perspectiva depende da própria transformação da sociedade, no sentido de criar as condições necessárias para instituição de mecanismos capazes de romper com os entraves que prejudicam seu pleno desenvolvimento.
This work intends to analyze the idiosyncrasies of urban process in the context of the Brazilian development of capitalist mode of production, emphasizing the aspects of urban planning of São Paulo Metropolitan Area. The subservient relation between the State and the mechanisms of capitalist accumulation determines the city development and is strictly related to the current terms of urban precariousness, verified in most of the Brazilian urban agglomerations. These terms could be understood by the hindered accumulation, that underlies the forms of ensuring the reproduction of hegemonic players, represented by the Brazilian elite, and at the other side, amongst the cities, it prevents the development of suitable conditions of urban life, improving levels of social reproduction and hence the levels of infrastructure and urban services. In the decades of 1960\'s and 1970\'s, at the high wave of the centralized planning, new elements had been brought into reorganization of urban agglomeration, through the development of the superplans, such as the PUB-1968 and PMDI-1971; and shortly thereafter, the first measures are adopted towards the institutionalization of the metropolitan areas. However, with the 1980\'s expansion of neoliberal ideology, those proposals, with their centralized and integrated features, are abandoned, favoring a fragmented and depoliticized model of urban planning, ratified by de 1988\'s Constitution. Thus, throughout the 1990\'s, metropolitan institutions such as EMPLASA suffer a progressive depletion programming, which is worsened by the economic crisis, as the investment in infrastructure and planning are abandoned. Currently, conurbation process induces local agreements according to the needs inherited in special Brazilian circumstances, which highlights social tensions that constitute a metropolis of an elite society. This perspective could be transformed only if society organizes itself so as to break these barriers that undermine its own development.

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35

Listo, Fabrizio de Luiz Rosito. "Análise da suscetibilidade e do grau de risco a escorregamentos rasos na bacia do Alto Aricanduva, RMSP (SP)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-24042011-182718/.

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Na cidade de São Paulo, é freqüente a ocorrência de escorregamentos, causando a destruição de moradias e muitos danos econômicos com vítimas fatais e aumentando, a cada ano, o número de áreas de risco. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar o grau de risco e a suscetibilidade a escorregamentos translacionais rasos na bacia do rio Limoeiro, localizada na cabeceira da bacia do rio Aricanduva, uma das principais da cidade de São Paulo. Especificamente, objetiva-se, identificar e analisar as principais intervenções antropogênicas (classes de uso do solo) no período 1973-2007, identificar em escala de zoneamento e caracterizar espacialmente as áreas de risco, caracterizar e analisar o papel dos parâmetros topográficos e avaliar a concordância entre o mapa de risco e o de suscetibilidade. No mapeamento de risco, foi elaborada uma ficha de campo para avaliar o grau de risco em quatro escalas: R1 (baixo risco), R2 (médio), R3 (alto) a R4 (muito alto). A análise evolutiva do uso do solo foi realizada pela interpretação de fotografias aéreas. A partir de um Modelo Digital do Terreno foram gerados os mapas de ângulo, aspecto, curvatura e área de contribuição e calculada a Freqüência de Distribuição (FD), que foram correlacionados com o mapa de risco, gerando-se dois índices: Concentração de Risco (CR) e Potencial de Risco (PR). Na análise da suscetibilidade a escorregamentos foi utilizado o modelo matemático SHALSTAB (Shallow Landsliding Stability) e calculados os índices de FD, de CR e de PR. A última etapa consistiu numa análise conjunta entre os mapas de risco e de suscetibilidade, na qual foi verificada a concordância ou discordância em cada setor de risco. A análise evolutiva do uso do solo, mostrou uma redução de 36% de cobertura vegetal e o aumento de 23% de áreas urbanas no período 1973-2007. Foram mapeados 16 setores de risco contendo aproximadamente 1872 moradias, sendo 6 setores com grau muito alto de risco (R4). Topograficamente, as áreas mais suscetíveis foram aquelas com ângulos superiores a 16,8°, orientadas para SW, com formas côncavas e com os maiores valores de área de contribuição. O mapa de suscetibilidade apresentou 41% de áreas Estáveis e 20% de áreas Incondicionalmente Instáveis que, embora em menor proporção, apresentaram uma CR de 40% com PR de 12%. Concluiu-se que houve concordância entre as áreas previstas como instáveis pelo modelo com as áreas de risco mapeadas, acreditando-se que a combinação destes métodos possa ser aplicada na avaliação final do risco a escorregamentos em áreas urbanas, podendo subsidiar a gestão pública na definição de áreas instáveis para a ocupação.
In the city of São Paulo, landslides occur frequently, causing the destruction of houses and economic damage with fatalities and the number of areas threatened by landslides has been increasing each year. The general objective of this research is to analyze the probability of risk and susceptibility to shallow landslides in the Limoeiro River basin, which is located at the head of the Aricanduva River basin, one of the main in the city of São Paulo. Specifically, the objective is to identify and analyze major anthropogenic interventions (land use classes) in 1973 to 2007 period, identify scale zoning and characterize spatially the risk areas, characterize and analyze the role of topographic parameters and assess the correlation between the risk areas and susceptibility maps. To map risk areas, we created a cadastral survey form to evaluate landslide risk in the field into four levels: R1 (low risk), R2 (average risk), R3 (high risk), and R4 (very high risk). To land use evolutionary analyses, was made the aerial photographs interpretation. From a Digital Elevation Model were generated slope angle, aspect, curvature and contributing area maps and calculated the Frequency Distribution (FD), that subsequently, these maps were correlated with the risk map, generating two indexes: Risk Concentration (RC) and Risk Potential (RP). To analyze susceptibility to landslides, we used the SHALSTAB (Shallow Landsliding Stability) mathematical model and calculated the FD, RC and RP. The last step was a joint analysis of the risk areas and of the susceptibility maps, which was verified the agreement or disagreement on each risk sector. From the land use evolutionary analysis, there was a 36% reduction of plant cover and increase of 23% in urban areas in the period 1973-2007. We mapped 16 risk sectors containing approximately 1872 at-risk homes, with 6 sectors with very high risk degree (R4). Topographically, the most susceptible areas those located at slope angles above 16,8°, oriented southwest quadrant, with concave forms with the largest contributing area. In the susceptibility map, 41% of the area was classified as stable and 20% as unconditionally unstable. Although the latter category accounted a smaller proportion of the total area, it contained a RC of 40% with a RP of 12%. We found that the locations of areas predicted to be unstable coincided with the risk areas mapped and this combination of methods can be applied to evaluate the landslides risk in urban areas and can assist public managers in defining areas that are unstable for occupation.

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Alanisi, Entkhab. "RHABDOMYOSARCOMA 2 ASSOCIATED TRANSCRIPT (RMST) AS A NEGATIVE REGULATOR OF MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN (MTOR) IN CANCER CELLS". OpenSIUC, 2019. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1740.

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Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that do not code for known proteins. These lncRNAs were originally thought as non-functional. However, loss and/or gain-of-function studies of these transcripts suggest that lncRNAs have crucial roles in many biological functions like apoptosis, cell cycle, translation control, epigenetic regulation, splicing regulation and many other processes in the cells. Lovastatin is a FDA-approved drug for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Lovastatin can cause apoptosis in a number of tumor cells, but the mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study, we set out to identify and determine lncRNAs that can regulate tumor cell responses towards lovastatin. We hypothesized that certain lncRNAs are stimulated by lovastatin treatment and these lncRNAs may serve as effectors for lovastatin to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and/or induce apoptosis. For our studies, PC-3, HCT116 and most other cell lines were obtained from ATCC. The cytotoxic effects of lovastatin on these cell lines were evaluated by proliferation assay, MTS assays and morphological changes at different doses and time intervals. The qPCR array was used to identify lncRNAs whose levels are changed by lovastatin treatment. The regulation of lncRNAs by lovastatin was further confirmed in multiple cell lines. Western blot was also used to determine the effects of lovastatin on the cellular signaling pathway. The ability of the cancer cells to proliferate was measured by colony forming assay. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments by using CRISPR-Cas9 approach and over expression experiments (sequentially) were used to determine the role of lncRNA identified in the cells. The lncRNA RMST promoter was analyzed using the UCSC genome and Genomatix browser websites. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to confirm the binding of SOX2 with RMST promoter (protein-DNA interaction). Finally, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) assay (to detect the localization and quantification of RMST in both cancer and normal prostate and colon human tissues) and Immunohistochemistry study (to detect the p-mTOR levels in both cancer and normal prostate and colon human tissues) were performed and then their levels were compared in both the normal and cancer human prostate and colon tissue studied.The lovastatin treatment has cytotoxic effects in multiple cell lines we evaluated. Lovastatin reduced mTOR signaling in cancer cells in a dose and time dependent manner. Through profiling array, we have identified a number of lncRNAs, including RMST, as responders to lovastatin. The lncRNAs identified were stimulated at RNA level after lovastatin treatment in a dose and time dependent manner (5 and 20 µM for 24 and 48 hrs). Over-expression of RMST attenuated mTOR signaling and reduced colony formation in tumor cells, phenocopying the cellular effects of lovastatin. Through heterozygous knock-out of RMST expression, we found that RMST is an important mediator for lovastatin to downregulate mTOR activities and reduce colony formation of tumor cells. Through ChIP analyses, we found the transcription factor SOX2 binding to RMST promoter and both SOX2 and RMST levels were affected differentially by lovastatin treatment. Moreover, we found that RMST and p-mTOR were inversely correlated in human prostate and colon tissues.Taken together, our data suggest that RMST lncRNA can be stimulated by lovastatin to elicit cellular responses including downregulation of mTOR signaling. Our data also suggest a possible role of SOX2 in regulating RMST expression. Furthermore, and most importantly, it has been found that RMST lncRNA and p-mTOR are inversely correlated in human normal and cancer (prostate, colon, and lymph nodes) tissues, suggesting RMST as a negative regulator of mTOR signaling.

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37

Jiang, Claudio. "Approccio integrato per la pianificazione degli interventi manutentivi e della riconfigurazione nei sistemi RMS". Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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I sistemi RMS (Reconfigurable Manufacturing System), progettati con caratteristiche di modularità e flessibilità, nascono in risposta alle necessità del mercato moderno. Tuttavia, la letteratura non ha ancora affrontato organicamente la problematica della coordinazione tra politica manutentiva e attività di riconfigurazione che questi sistemi richiedono. L’elaborato dopo aver descritto brevemente l’evoluzione dei sistemi di produzione e le caratteristiche e le tecnologie abilitanti dei sistemi RMS affronta il problema della manutenzione all’interno di sistemi di produzione complessi. L’obbiettivo è la presentazione di un modello manutentivo preventivo e opportunistico ottimizzato specificatamente per sistemi produttivi riconfigurabili, che tenga conto della contemporanea usura di macchine e moduli e della necessità di riconfigurazione del sistema. L’euristica presentata è stata implementata mediante il linguaggio di programmazione Java per la parte algoritmica e di elaborazione dati e su Excel per la parte relativa alla lettura dei dati in input e output, al fine di dimostrare l’adattabilità dell’euristica e la sua concreta applicabilità a un sistema produttivo. Il valore dei parametri e il costo totale della politica manutentiva sono stimati e ottimizzati mediante un processo di simulazione. L’esempio numerico proposto mostra come l’euristica presentata, se implementata, possa rispondere alle necessità manutentive di un sistema RMS garantendo costi totali minori rispetto a un modello di manutenzione preventiva age-based e rispetto a manutenzioni a rottura.

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38

Venkatasubramanian, Radhika. "High frequency continuous-time circuits and built-in-self-test using CMOS RMS detector". Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4746.

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The expanding wireless market has resulted in complex integrated transceivers that involve RF, analog and mixed-signal circuits, resulting in expensive and complicated testing. The most important challenges that test engineering faces today are (1) providing a fast and accurate fault-diagnosis and performance characterization so as to accelerate the time-to-market and (2) providing an inexpensive test strategy that can be integrated with the design so as to aid the high-volume manufacturing process. The first part of the research focuses on the design of an RMS detector for built-in-self-test (BIST) of an RF integrated transceiver that can directly provide information at various test points in the design. A cascode low noise amplifier (LNA) has been chosen as the device under test (DUT). A compact (< 0.031 mm2) RF RMS detector with negligible input capacitance (< 13 fF) has been implemented in 0.35 ÃÂµm CMOS technology along with the DUT. Experimental results are currently being assimilated and compared with the simulation results. Frequency limitations were encountered during the testing process due to unexpected increase in the value of the N-well resistors. All other problems faced during the testing, as well as the results obtained so far, are presented in this thesis. In the second part of the research, the use of the RMS detector for BIST has been extended to a continuous-time high-frequency boost-filter. The proposed HF RMS detector has been implemented along with a 24 dB 350 MHz boost filter as the DUT on 0.35 ÃÂµm CMOS technology. The HF RMS detector occupies 0.07 mm2 and has an input capacitance of 7 fF. The HF RMS detector has a dynamic range greater than 24 dB starting from -38 dBm of input power. The bandwidth and boost of the filter have been accurately estimated in simulation using the HF RMS detector. The sensitivity of an intermediate band pass node of the filter has also been monitored to predict the filter's sensitivity to Q errors. The final part of the research describes the design of a single-ended to differential converter for use in a broadband transceiver operating from 50-850 MHz. This circuit is used as the second stage in the transceiver after the LNA. The design has been simulated on a 0.35 um CMOS process and has a power consumption of 13.5 mW and less than 8 dB of noise figure over the entire band. It is capable of driving a 500fF load with less than 1dB of gain ripple over the entire band (50-850 MHz).

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39

Смик, Сергій Юрійович. "Рентгенографічне дослідження та аналіз локальної структури розплавів 3d-перехідних металів з оловом методом RMC". Disertación de Candidato en Ciencias Químicas, КНУ ім. Т.Г. Шевченка, Хімічний ф-т, 2001.

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40

Hammad, Jehad H. A. "The effects of water-soluble carbon monoxide-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) on vascular tone". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1444729/.

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Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important signalling messenger in mammalian cells as it participates in a variety of physiological processes including vessel tone regulation. Dr. Motterlini's group has discovered a new class of molecules which have the ability to carry and deliver CO to physiological systems. These molecules were termed CO-releasing molecules (CO-RMs) and they are an excellent tool to investigate the biological role of CO in the vasculature and other systems. The major focus of the research presented in this report was to evaluate the effects of different water soluble CO-RMs on vascular tone. For this purpose, an aortic ring preparation model was used to assess the vasodilatory properties of CORM-3 and CORM-A1, the first two water-soluble CO-RMs to be identified, and the cellular targets involved in this effect. CORM-3 is a transition metal carbonyl that liberates CO very rapidly (1=1-5 min) in physiological solutions, whereas CORM-A1 is a boron-containing carbonate with a much slower rate of CO release (tvi=21 min at pH=7.4). In the current studies CORM-3 induced a rapid endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation, whereas CORM-A1 elicited gradual endothelium-independent vasorelaxation. The inactive form of both CO-RMs, in which CO has been deliberately depleted, did not exert vasorelaxation indicating a direct involvement of CO liberated from the compounds in the observed vasorelaxation. The vasorelaxation induced by both molecules was enhanced and attenuated by an activator and inhibitor of guanylate cyclase (sGC), respectively. CORM-3-mediated vasorelaxation was completely abolished by non-selective inhibitors of potassium channels (K+), and partially attenuated by inhibition of ATP dependant (Katp) potassium channels. In contrast, CORM-A1 -mediated vasorelaxation was partially attenuated by non selective inhibition of K+ and by inhibition of voltage dependent (Ky) potassium channels. Even at concentrations higher than that used to induce significant vasorelaxation, both CO-RMs had no noticeable effect on the viability of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) in vitro. CORM-319, a new water soluble iron containing CO-RM, also induced significant vasorelaxation and was relatively safe to cultured SMCs compared to other non-water soluble iron containing CO-RMs that were extremely toxic. In summary, our data reveal that the CO-RMs examined in this project are promising CO carriers that could be further modified for optimal therapeutic applications. In addition, our data demonstrate the significant effect imposed by the chemical structure and kinetics of CO release on the pharmacological activity of various CO-RMs.

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41

Bercovitz, Rodríguez-Cano Alberto. "Reglamento sobre la Marca Comunitaria (RMC): Incentivos para la extensión del Poder de Mercado". Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118972.

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Jesus, Regina Jacqueline Brandão de. "Microcrédito na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS): análise no período de 2010 a 2014". Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2018. http://ri.ucsal.br:8080/jspui/handle/prefix/406.

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Esta tese tem por objetivo avaliar o microcrédito na Região Metropolitana de Salvador (RMS) no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2014. Este trabalho apresenta uma investigação a partir de dados coletados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA), Banco do Nordeste (BNB), Banco Central (BACEN), Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE), dentre outros. Através da análise de dados, mostrou-se que tanto a população quanto os empreendimentos da região metropolitana buscam cada vez mais pelo microcrédito e, que os microempreendimentos individuais, solidários ou não, são vistos como a saída para geração e complementação da renda familiar. A pesquisa realizada também revela que o microcrédito é uma atividade importante na economia baiana e brasileira, especialmente se comparada a outros países da América Latina. Mostra ainda que a ampliação da oferta do microcrédito é parte do modelo que tem por objetivo a gestão da pobreza e seus efeitos na sociedade, e que a oferta de serviços de microfinanças cresce fundamentada nas orientações caracterizadas por procedimentos de rentabilidade tipicamente financeiros. Os resultados revelam que, entre 2010 e 2014, houve desenvolvimento social na Região Metropolitana de Salvador, porém não foi possível associar as melhorias aos programas de microcrédito ofertados na região.
This thesis aims to evaluate microcredit in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador (RMS) in the period between 2010 and 2014. This paper presents an investigation based on data collected from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA), Banco do Nordeste (BNB), Banco Central (BACEN), Brazilian Service to Support Micro and Small Enterprises (SEBRAE), among others. Through the analysis of data, it was shown that both the population and the enterprises of the metropolitan region are increasingly seeking microcredit and that individual microenterprises are seen as the output for generation and complementation of family income. The research also reveals that microcredit is an important activity in the Bahia and Brazilian economy, especially when compared to other Latin American countries. It also shows that the expansion of the microcredit supply is part of the model that has the objective of managing poverty and its effects on society, and that the supply of microfinance services grows based on guidelines characterized by typically financial profitability procedures. The results show that, between 2010 and 2014, there was social development in the Metropolitan Region of Salvador, but it was not possible to associate the improvements to the microcredit programs offered in the region.

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43

Müller, Dirk y Matthias Werner. "Improved Heuristics for Partitioned Multiprocessor Scheduling Based on Rate-Monotonic Small-Tasks". Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-80762.

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Partitioned preemptive EDF scheduling is very similar to bin packing, but there is a subtle difference. Estimating the probability of schedulability under a given total utilization has been studied empirically before. Here, we show an approach for closed-form formulae for the problem, starting with n = 3 tasks on m = 2 processors.

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44

Erlandsson, Jonas. "Evaluation of performance of a smartphone application for measuring bike paths’ condition". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-95588.

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There are several methods to measure surface evenness for car roads, but almost none for bike paths. Accordingly, VTI (the Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute) have created a smartphone application which uses the accelerometers in the phone to measure the vibration from the road. This report’s aim is to analyze the data collected using this application, investigate if the data is repeatable, to find factors that are important for evenness and perform classification of bike paths as even or wiggly. Two main methods were used, Gaussian process and wavelets. Gaussian process was used to classify bike paths and wavelets to investigate the repeatability and see how many trips are needed to get a consistent result. The results show that the two different smartphones gave quite different results; one smartphone indicated almost twice as high RMS values (measure of vibration) than the other. The GPS positions of smartphones were quite good, except under a tunnel and close to high buildings. Some short section of the road gave very high or very low RMS values, but the general standard of all investigated bike paths were too even to detect any significant differences between the paths. The results show that there’s some unexplained variance in the turns, but the effect of the turns hasn’t been tested. The wavelets analysis show that around 15 trips were needed to get a consistent result. The report contains a description of a designed experiment that will continue this project. This new data will be collected in a more carefully to make a better separation between good and bad cycle routes by the RMS value.

Uppdragsgivare: VTI (Anna Niska och Leif Sjögren)

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45

Ralla, Thais Marina Castelhano. "Análise de impactos sócio-ambientais causados por obras de infraestrutura na represa Billings, município de Santo André, RMSP (SP)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-13092012-101509/.

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A Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) acumula historicamente, problemas relacionados à exclusão social e à degradação ambiental. Esta problemática socioambiental encontra nas áreas dos mananciais metropolitanos sua maior expressão; suas causas referemse à falta de planejamento, de fiscalização, de políticas públicas, especulação imobiliária, entre outras. Atualmente, fortes intervenções governamentais estão em curso nestas áreas, o que exige uma análise de seus prováveis impactos socioambientais. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é prognosticar os possíveis impactos, positivos ou negativos, que obras de infraestrutura podem causar aos bairros Parque Miami, Jardim Riviera e seus entornos, às margens da Represa Billings. A urbanização de áreas irregulares, a implementação de saneamento básico e o incremento de sistema viário são as três variáveis analíticas consideradas neste estudo, escolhidas em função de corresponderem às principais ações estruturais previstas nas áreas selecionadas. O método utilizado baseou-se na análise evolutiva do uso do solo e na identificação de fragilidades ambientais, as quais possibilitaram a análise integrada. Tecnicamente, foram feitos mapeamentos para demonstrar a evolução do uso e ocupação do solo e as fragilidades naturais da área. Em seguida, a pesquisa apoiou-se em trabalhos de campo, que viabilizaram a observação e registros fotográficos da área. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com responsáveis pelas obras e com o representante da comunidade. Estudos voltados a esta problemática são cada vez mais necessários, pois identificar as transformações e as conseqüências da ocupação pode subsidiar o planejamento urbano e ambiental. De forma geral as obras de urbanização e saneamento mostram-se satisfatórias no que tange a questão social. Em relação ao Rodoanel Trecho Sul, a população já foi impactada, mas esta obra pode desencadear impactos futuros. Na questão ambiental o Rodoanel já causou diversos impactos, e as de urbanização também podem causar, mas também existem os impactos positivos, como a suspensão do despejo de dejetos domésticos na Represa Billings.
The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo accumulates historically, problems related to social exclusion and environmental degradation. This socio-environmental problem found in the metropolitan areas sources its most significant expression; their causes are relate to lack of planning, monitoring, public policy, real estate speculation, among others. At present, strong government intervention in these areas are underway, which requires an analysis of its likely social-environmental impacts. Thus, the objective of this study is to forecast the possible impacts, positive or negative, that infrastructure works can cause at Parque Miami, Jardim Riviera and its neighborhoods, in surroundings of the Billings Reservoir. The urbanization of irregular areas, the implementation of sanitation and enhancement of the road system are the three variables considered in this analytical study, chosen according to correspond to major structural actions set out in selected areas. The method used was based on evolutionary analysis of land use and to identify environmental weaknesses, which allowed an integrated analysis. Technically, mappings were made to demonstrate the evolution of the use and occupation of land and the fragility of the natural area. Then, the research was based on field work, which enabled the observation and photographic records of the area. In addition, interviews were conducted with the works responsible and with the community representative. Studies involving this issue are increasingly necessary because the transformations and identify the consequences of the occupation can subsidize the urban and environmental planning. In general the urbanization works and sanitation was satisfactory with respect to social issues. Regarding the Rodoanel Trecho Sul, the population has been already impacted, but this work can initiate future impacts. In the Rodoanel environmental issue has caused many impacts, and urbanization may also cause, but there are also positive impacts, such as the suspension of domestic waste dump in Billings Reservoir.

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46

Vicentini, Jackeline Severina Bezerra. "A reprodução de processos de segregação espacial na periferia da RMSP: o entorno do Rodoanel Mário Covas (trecho oeste)". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-15082011-110800/.

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O objetivo desse trabalho é dissertar sobre a correlação e reprodução de diferentes processos de segregação espacial na periferia da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), especificamente no bairro Santa Maria ao sul do município de Osasco, onde parte do trecho oeste do Rodoanel Mário Covas está assentado. Correlaciona-se a discussão de duas formas de segregação: à mobilidade e a residencial. A segregação à mobilidade é, de maneira geral, confrontada através do projeto Rodoanel Mário Covas em relação à circulação de mercadorias. A prioridade do Poder Público pela circulação de mercadorias é observada nas mudanças de seus discursos sobre a obra e sobre o processo de reestruturação produtiva. Numa escala local são observados os relatos da população diante da baixa oferta de transporte coletivo e da alta demanda de passageiros, historicamente em desvantagem, sob a ideologia do transporte individual pautado no uso do automóvel. Quando em situação de proprietários de automóveis os entrevistados da pesquisa relataram mobilidades ao Rodoanel, em sua maioria, na condição de não usuários diários devido à segregação a sua acessibilidade pela cobrança de pedágio. Na via expressa é proibido o transporte coletivo. Considerase o bairro de análise uma localidade de periferia da RMSP que, conjuntamente a outras localidades a margens de rodovias, passa por um processo de reestruturação. O assentamento de condomínios fechados com proximidade física as autoconstruções e as favelas demarcam espaços residenciais segregados. Reestruturam uma periferia que, neste início de século XXI, se reproduz com a mobilidade de um novo perfil de habitante dependente do uso do automóvel. As mudanças de discursos do Poder Público sobre o Rodoanel Mário Covas como barreira a expansão de uma periferia precária e de incentivo a novos empreendimentos residenciais condominiais às suas margens são tomadas como referência para a discussão conceitual de periferia e de segregação residencial (auto-segregação e imposta). Alguns dados da pesquisa Origem-Destino do Metrô (ano 2007) são base para o encadeamento de nossas considerações. O processo histórico de ocupação do bairro Jd. Santa Maria, assim como à evolução da mobilidade da população é correlacionado a condição de segregação residencial imposta que, a partir da inauguração do Rodoanel Mário Covas, começa a metamorfosear-se. Com a dissertação espera-se contribuir para o entendimento da reestruturação contemporânea da periferia da RMSP e para a discussão do conceito de segregação espacial na área do saber geográfico.
The objective of this paper is to discuss the correlation between the reproduction of the different processes of spatial segregation on the outskirts of the Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) (São Paulo Metropolitan Area), specifically in the neighborhood of Santa Maria, just south of Osasco municipality, where a part of the western line of Rodoanel Mário Covas (Beltway Mário Covas) is situated. The discussion involves correlating two forms of segregation: mobile and residential. Mobile segregation is confronted mainly through the Beltway Mário Covas project in relation to the circulation of merchandise. Public powers giving priority to the circulation of merchandise can be observed through alterations in the project rhetoric and over the process of productive restructuring. On a local scale, direct commentaries from the population can be observed due to the low offer of collective transportation and the high demand from passengers, historically at a disadvantage, under the ideology of individual transportation brought to question in the use of the automobile. When automobile owners are being interviewed, research showed that they would indicate usage of the Beltway, mostly, as nondaily users due to access segregation through highway tax. On the expressway, collective transportation is illegal. Taking into consideration that the neighborhood under analysis is on the outskirts of the RMSP (São Paulo Metropolitan Area), along with other localities on the fringes of freeways; it is currently going through a process of restructuring. The building of closed condominiums within close physical proximity to owner-built constructions and the favelas (slums), indicates spatially segregated residential areas. The outskirts are being restructured in such a way that here on the onset of the XXI Century, reproduced through mobility, the new profile is that of habitants dependant on the use of automobiles. Changes in the public discourses of power toward Beltway Mário Covas as a barrier to the expansion of the precarious outskirts and of new enterprising residential condominiums along the fringes are taken as reference for the conceptual discussion about the outskirts and of residential segregation (self-discrimination as well as imposed). Some data from the research paper Origem-Destino do Metro (2007) (Origin-Destination of the Subway) also serves as a base for locking our considerations. Both the historical process in the occupation of Jd. Santa Maria neighborhood, as well as the evolution of populous mobility, are correlated with the conditions of imposed residential segregation, which, upon the inauguration of Beltway Mário Covas, begins to metamorphose itself. With this dissertation, it is hoped to contribute to understanding contemporary restructuring of the outskirts of the RMSP (São Paulo Metropolitan Area) and to the discussion of the concept of spatial segregation in the area of geographical knowledge.

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47

Cuchierato, Gláucia. "Caracterização tecnológica de resíduos da mineração de agregados da região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), visando seu aproveitamento econômico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44133/tde-23102015-183808/.

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Esta pesquisa visa contribuir com alternativas tecnológicas para a utilização dos resíduos de minerações de agregados produzidos na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP). Como a terceira maior metrópole do mundo, a RMSP abriga cerca de 18 milhões de habitantes, com consumo per capita de agregados de 4,2 t/hab/ano. É responsável por 25% da produção nacional, o que significou mais de 18 milhões de m³ de brita e 20 milhões de m³ de areia para o ano de 1999. As operações em atividade, durante o período estudado (1998-2000), compreendem 39 minerações de brita e 66 minerações de areia. As litologias-fonte de brita são rochas granitóides maciças, foliadas ou orientadas (maioria com textura porfirítica e matriz média a fina), e rochas gnáissicas (textura predominantemente granolepidoblástica). As rochas-fonte de areia são mantos de intemperismo de rochas graníticas, rochas sedimentares areno-argilosas e sedimentos de planícies aluviais. Foram visitadas metade das minerações de brita em atividade, subdivididas em três grupos quanto ao processo de beneficiamento e tipo de material fino produzido, que é parte comercializado e parte acumulado em pilhas ou bacias de decantação. O primeiro grupo reúne as minas que operam a seco, com produção de pedrisco e pó de pedra (-4,8 mm), o segundo aquelas que operam a úmido, com a produção de areia de brita (-4,8 mm + 0,074 mm) pela lavagem do pedrisco e descarte dos finos de pedreira (-0,074 mm), e o terceiro grupo aquelas que operam a seco mas possuem uma estrutura flexível, e podem produzir areia de brita quando há demanda, ou pedrisco e pó, se este for o produto exigido pelo mercado. Os resíduos variam de 10 a 42% do total da produção, o que significa mais de 3 milhões de m³ por ano. A areia é produzida a partir de vários tipos de empreendimentos: cava seca por desmonte hidráulico; cava submersa e extração em leito de rio com método de lavra por dragagem, bem como pedreiras e minerações de caulim ou argila para cerâmica, onde a areia participa como subproduto, tendo sido realizadas visitas em cerca de 20% das minerações. Os resíduos compreendem 30 a 50 % da produção total, significando anualmente mais de 8 milhões de m³. São compostos, predominantemente, por areia fina, silte e argila, e geralmente depositados em bacias de decantação. A partir de visitas e amostragens junto à empreendimentos minerários selecionados, os resíduos foram caracterizados tecnologicamente, tendo sido submetidos à preparação de amostras, ensaios de classificação granulométrica (peneiramento e difração laser), análise visual, análises instrumentais (difração de raios-X e fluorescência de raios-X) e ensaios tecnológicos específicos para as indústrias cerâmica, vidreira e de construção civil e pavimentação. Complementarmente, foram realizadas análises petrográficas em rochas-fonte de minerações de brita. Os resíduos das pedreiras foram caracterizados como de composição sílico-aluminosa e mineralogia básica quartzo-feldspática, e mostraram comportamento granulométrico similar entre eles. Os resíduos de mineração de areia também são sílico-aluminosos e quartzo-feldspáticos, com uma quantidade significativa de argilominerais, tendo variado o comportamento granulométrico de acordo com o tipo de beneficiamento da mineração. Verificou-se que a melhor utilização para os resíduos de mineração de agregados da RMSP é na indústria de pavimentação, com a aplicação do pó de pedra e areia de brita em pavimentos de concreto simples (CS) e compactado a rolo (CCR), como agregado miúdo em bases e sub-bases. Os finos de pedreira podem ser utilizados na indústria cerâmica, atuando como fundentes e/ou emagrecedores de matérias-primas excessivamente plásticas. A areia de brita e o pó de pedra contém uma fração granulométrica que pode ser matéria-prima estratégica para vidros de embalagem coloridos (soda-cal), caso haja interesse em separá-la. Neste caso, sugere-se, também, beneficiamento adicional para redução dos teores de ferro, melhorando a qualidade e aumentando seu valor. Para os finos das minerações de areia, com granulometria menor que 0,074 mm, o melhor uso é em massas cerâmicas dos segmentos estrutural, revestimento e branca, com a adição de alguns componentes para a otimização da massa elaborada com os resíduos. Para o único caso estudado que gera um resíduo contendo areia (-0,42 mm), a fração grossa, que precisa ser eliminada para aproveitamento cerâmico, pode ser aplicada para o mesmo segmento da indústria do vidro supra citada.
The purpose of this work is to contribute with technological alternatives for the application of wastes generated from sand and crushed stone mining in The Great São Paulo Metropolitan Area (GSPMA). The GSPMA is classified as the third among the biggest metropolitan area of the world, and hold almost 18 million of inhabitants, with 4.2 t/hab/year of aggregate per capita consumption. The 1999\'s production of aggregates in the GSPMA was over 18 million m³ of crushed stone and 20 million m³ of sand. The active mining operations during the studied period (1998 - 2000) comprise 39 crushed stone mines and 66 sand mines. The crushed stone is predominantly obtained from granitic rocks (with porphiritic texture and medium to fine groundmass) and gnessic rocks (with granolepidoblastic texture). The natural sand is extracted mostly from wheathred granitic and gneissic rocks of basement, sedimentary rocks and alluvial plain sediments. Half of the crushed stone mines in activity were visited, and they can be divided in three groups, according to the beneficiation processing and type of fine products generated. Some of these materials are commercialized and some of them are accumulated in stockpiles or tailing pond. The fìrst group joint those with dry beneficiation and produce a grade variety of crushed stone and rock powder (-4.8mm). The second one has wet beneficiation, with production of crushed sand (-4.8 + 0,074 mm) by washing the fraction less than 10 mm, wasting quarry fines (-0,074 mm). The third group gets together the mines that have dry beneficiation (producing rock powder), and a flexible circuit to produce also crushed sand, when demanded. The waste can achieve 10 to 42 % of the total production, which means over 3 millions m³ per year. Sand is produced from many types of mining operation: open pit with hydraulicking extraction, bed river underwater mining by dredging, and quarries, kaolin or ceramic clay mines in which sand is by-product. Almost 20 % of total mines were visited. The wastes from sand mining reach 30 to 50% of the total production, which means over 8 millions m³ per year, and they are mostly composed of fine sand, silt and clay and deposited in tailing pond. Selected mines were visited and had their wastes sampled. The samples were submitted to technological characterization, including sample preparation, grain size classification (sieving and laser diffraction), visual analysis, instrumental analysis (X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence) and specific application tests for ceramic and glass industry, as well as civil construction and pavimentation industry. The wastes from crushed stone mining have silico-aluminous composition and quartz-feldspatic mineralogy, with similar grain size distribution. The wastes from sand mining are also silico-aluminous and quartz-feldspatic, with significant quantity of clay minerals, and their grain size distribution vary according to the type of beneficiation process on the mines. This study concluded that the best application for the GSPMA aggregate wastes should be in the pavimentation industry, using the rock powder and crushed sand in bases and sub-bases of concrete pavements. The quarry fines can be applied in ceramic industry as fluxing material and/or plasticity reducer raw material. Crushed sand and rock powder have a grain size fraction (0.59 to 0.075 mm) to be strategically used in coloured vessel glasses, if there were interest to separate it. In this case, some additional beneficiation process could reduce high iron oxide grades, to increase value and improve quality. For the sand mining wastes with grain size distribution below 0,074 mm, the best application verified is for ceramic body of structural, wall and floor tile and witewares segments, with addition of some components, to optimize the body elaborated with the wastes. When the wastes include fine sand fraction (-0,42 mm), the coarse materials that must be eliminated for ceramic use, should be well applied for the same glass industry segment above, as verified in one study case.

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48

Larroza, Eliane Gonçalves. "Caracterização das nuvens cirrus na região metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP) com a técnica de Lidar de retroespalhamento elástico". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-19122011-153154/.

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Este trabalho, sendo pioneiro no Brasil, teve o intuito de efetuar uma investigação das nuvens cirrus na região Metropolitana de São Paulo (23,33ºS / 46,44ºW), SP, através do sistema MSP-Lidar para o período de Junho à Julho de 2007. Durante este período, foi verificada uma ocorrência de cirrus de aproximadamente 54% sobre o total de medidas efetuadas pelo sistema Lidar. Medidas com Lidar nos forneceram uma alta resolução espacial e temporal destas nuvens, permitindo assim caracterizá-las e classificá-las de acordo com as suas propriedades macro- e microfísicas. Para obter tais parâmetros, uma metodologia própria foi desenvolvida na recuperação dos dados de Lidar e uma robusta estatística foi aplicada para determinar as diferentes classes de cirrus. A metodologia adotada se resumiu basicamente (a) na determinação de períodos estacionários (ou observações) durante a evolução temporal de detecção de cirrus, (b) determinação da base e topo através de um valor limiar para o cálculo das variáveis macrofísicas (altitudes, temperaturas, espessuras geométricas), (c) aplicação do método da transmitância para cada camada de nuvem e a determinação das variáveis microfísicas (profundidade óptica e razão de Lidar). Neste processo, a razão de Lidar é calculada iterativamente até que haja a convergência da mesma. Análises estatísticas de multivariáveis foram efetuadas para a determinação das classes de cirrus. Estas classes são baseadas na espessura geométrica, altitude média e sua respectiva temperatura, a altitude relativa (diferença entre a altura da tropopausa e topo da nuvem) e a profundidade óptica. O uso sucessivo da Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), do Método de Cluster Hierárquico (MCH) e da Análise de Discriminantes (AD) permitiu a identificação de 4 classes. Vale ressaltar que tais métodos foram aplicados somente para os casos identificados como camadas únicas de nuvens, pois não se observou significativamente a ocorrência de nuvens com multicamadas. A origem de formação das classes de cirrus encontradas, embora apresentando propriedades macro- e microfísicas distintas, foi identificada basicamente como a mesma, isto é, provenientes da injeção de vapor dágua na atmosfera por meio de sistemas frontais e seu respectivo resfriamento para a formação dos cristais de gelo. O mesmo mecanismo de formação também é atribuído aos jatos subtropicais. Uma análise em relação ao perfil de temperatura e a comparação com a literatura mostrou que as cirrus classificadas apresentam possivelmente cristais em forma de placas e colunas hexagonais. As razões de lidar (RL) calculadas também estão de acordo com a literatura.
This pioneer work in Brazil, aimed at investigating cirrus clouds in the metropolitan region of São Paulo (23.33 ºS / 46.44 ºW), SP, observed by the MSP-Lidar system in June and July 2007. During this period, cirrus clouds were observed during approximately 54% of the time of all Lidar measurements available. The Lidar provided measurements with high spatial and temporal resolution measurements of these clouds that allowed characterizing and classifying them according to their macro-and microphysical properties. For such parameters, a unique methodology was developed for the Lidar data retrieval and a robust statistic was applied to determine the different classes of cirrus. The following steps were adopted to characterize the observations: (a) the determination of stationary periods (or observations) during the time evolution of cirrus detection, (b) determination of the base and top of clouds through a so called threshold value to derive the macrophysical variables (altitude, temperature, geometrical thickness), (c) the application of the transmittance method for each layer and the determination of cloud microphysical variables (optical depth and Lidar ratio). In this process, the Lidar ratio is calculated iteratively until a convergence of this value is achieved. Multivariate statistical analyses were performed to determine the classes of cirrus. These classes are based on geometric thickness, average altitude and the respective temperature, relative altitude (difference between tropopause height and cloud top) and optical depth. The successive use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Hierarchical Clustering Method (HCM) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) allowed the identification of four classes of cirrus. It is important to point out here that such methods were applied only to cases identified as single layers of clouds, due to the rare occurrence of multilayered clouds. The origin of formation for the four cirrus classes, though they have distinct macro-and microphysical properties, was found to be basically the same, i.e., from the injection of water vapor in the atmosphere provided by frontal systems, followed by the cooling process to form ice crystals. The same formation mechanism is also attributed to the subtropical jet. An analysis of the temperature profile and comparison with the literature showed that the cirrus crystals possibly have the form of hexagonal plates and columns. The Lidar Ratio (LR) was also found to be in accordance with the literature.

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Miranda, Marina Jorge de. "Análise geográfica de nascimento pré-termo no estado de São Paulo, na RMSP e no município de São Paulo". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8135/tde-12112015-164609/.

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A prematuridade é um dos grandes problemas de saúde pública, contribuindo com elevados números para a morbi-mortalidade infantil, principalmente em países em desenvolvimento como o Brasil. Conceitua-se o nascido prematuro ou pré-termo como aquele que nasce com menos de 37 semanas de gestação. Os fatores de risco individuais associados à incidência da prematuridade são conhecidos. No entanto, os fatores contextuais que podem influenciar na sua incidência têm sido pouco estudados. Sabe-se que a prematuridade é variável conforme a raça, as condições socioeconômicas, ambientais e culturais em que as mães estão inseridas. Assim, a presente tese teve por objetivo analisar o padrão da distribuição geográfica do risco relativo da prematuridade infantil em diferentes escalas: no estado de São Paulo, na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e na esfera intra-urbana do município de São Paulo, durante o período de 2002 a 2007 (estado de SP), 2000 a 2010 (RMSP) e 2002 a 2013 (MSP) por meio da análise espacial exploratória. Investigamos como o contexto geográfico tem afetado o risco relativo de nascimentos pré-termo, através de testes de associação espacial global e local (I Moran e LISA) para estado de SP e para RMSP. Pela regressão multivariada global (OLS) e regressão geograficamente ponderada (GWS), estudamos quais variáveis explanatórias tiveram melhor capacidade explicativa para compreender espacialmente os riscos de nascimentos pré-termo no estados de SP (variável dependente). As variáveis explanatórias (independentes) foram representadas: pelas condições socioeconômicas das mães e foram mensuradas pelo índice de privação sociomaterial (IP), assim como pelo acesso ao sistema de saúde materna e do recém-nascido, representados pela porcentagem de cesáreas, pelo número de consultas pré-natal acima de 7 e pelo número de UTIs neonatais por 1000 nascidos vivos. Para isso, utilizamos dados de saúde do Sistema de Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) do Ministério da Saúde (DATASUS), dados socioeconômicos da Fundação SEADE, e dados de acesso da saúde materna e do recém-nascido do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNEs). Tanto os riscos relativos de nascimentos pré-termo como as variáveis socioeconômicas apresentaram autocorrelação espacial global significativa. Houve associação espacial local significativa entre os riscos relativos de nascidos prematuros com todas as variáveis socioeconômicas testadas para o estado de SP e para RMSP. As distribuições geográficas destas associações ocorreram de maneira não aleatória e heterogênea pelo estado de SP e pela RMSP, demonstrando a forte e complexa relação entre indicadores de saúde dos recém-nascidos com as condições socioeconômicas em que mães estão inseridas. Apenas o número de UTIs neonatais foi a única variável estatisticamente significativa do modelo global OLS, que melhor explicou a distribuição geográfica dos riscos relativos de nascimentos pré-termo no estado de SP. O modelo GWR ajudou a identificar separadamente e localmente quais os munícipios do território paulista que apresentaram riscos mais altos de nascimentos pré-termo pela privação sócio-material, pela porcentagem de cesáreas, pela porcentagem de consultas pré-natal acima de 7 e pelo número de UTIs neonatais por 1000 nascidos vivos.
Prematurity is a serious public health issue, increasing significantly the child morbidity and mortality cases, especially in developing countries such as Brazil. A premature or preterm birth is defined when the birth occurs with less than 37 gestational weeks. While the individual risk factors associated with the incidence of prematurity are known, contextual factors able to impact it have not been given the same attention. It is known that prematurity is influenced by the ethnic group and socio-economic, environmental and cultural conditions experienced by the mother. In this context, the present thesis aimed to analyze the spatial distribution patterns of the relative risk of premature birth, through exploratory spatial data analysis, in three different spatial scales: the state of São Paulo (SP), the São Paulo Metropolitan Area (SPMA), and in the intra-urban scale of the municipality of São Paulo (SPM). The time period studied ranged from 2002 to 2007 (SP), 2000 to 2010 (SPMA) and 2002 to 2013 (SPM). We investigated how the geographical context has affected the relative risk of preterm birth through global and local spatial association tests (Morans I and LISA) for the state of SP and the SPMA. Using the global multivariate regression (OLS) and the geographically weighted regression (GWR), we studied which explanatory variables best explained, spatially, the risk of preterm birth in the state of SP (dependent variable). The explanatory variables (independent) were represented by the socioeconomic conditions of the mothers and were measured by the sociospatial deprivation index (DPi), as well as the health system access by the mothers and premature infants, represented by the number of caesarian deliveries, number of prenatal testings above 7 and number of newborn emergency entries by 1000 live births. For that, we used data from the national Live Birth System (SINASC) from the Ministry of Health (DATASUS), socioeconomic data from the SEADE foundation, and newborn and maternal health access data from the National Registry of Health Facilities (CNEs) from Brazil. Both the preterm birth relative risks and the socioeconomic variables presented significant global spatial autocorrelation. There was significant spatial local association between the premature birth relative risks with all socioeconomic variables tested for the state of SP and for the SPMA. The geographical distribution of such associations occurred in a non-random pattern, and heterogeneously distributed through the territory of the state of SP and the SPMA, revealing the strong and complex relation between the newborn health indicators and the socioeconomic conditions to which their mothers are subject. The number of emergency entries was the statistically significant variable form the global model that best explained the geographical distribution of the preterm birth relative risks in the state of SP. The GWR helped to identify locally which municipalities of the state presented higher risks of preterm birth due to the sociospatial deprivation index, the number of caesarian deliveries, number of prenatal testings above 7 and number of newborn emergency entries by 1000 live births.

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Ayres, Ana Carolina Moreira. "O ciclo da caapora: uma história da relação entre a RMSP e o Parque Estadual da Cantareira (1963-2005)". Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/12928.

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A relação entre o parque estadual da cantareira (maior floresta urbana do mundo) e a região metropolitana de são paulo é analisada através de conflitos e negociações entre sociedade civil, ongs e poder público. Nos 40 anos de análise histórica, mudanças intra e extra governamentais são verificadas nos discursos sobre a relação entre sociedade e meio ambiente, através da legislação ambiental brasileira e dos movimentos ambientalistas

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