Artículos de revistas: "River quality (N.S.W.)"

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Yévenes, M., R. Figueroa, O. Parra y L. Farías. "Inter-annual variability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the Biobío River, Central Chile: an analysis base on a decadal database along with 1-D reactive transport modeling". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, n.º 1 (16 de enero de 2015): 705–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-705-2015.

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Abstract. Rivers may act as important sinks (filters) or sources for inorganic nutrients between the land and the sea, depending on the biogeochemical processes and nutrient inputs along the river. This study examines the inter-annual variability of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) seasonal (wet–dry) cycle for the Biobío River, one of the largest and most industrialized rivers of Central Chile (36°45'–38°49' S and 71°00'–73°20' W). Long-term water flow (1990–2012) and water quality datasets (2004–2012) were used along with a one-dimensional reactive transport ecosystem model to evaluate the effects of water flow and N inputs on seasonal pattern of DIN. From 2004 to 2012, annual average nitrate levels significantly increased from 1.73 ± 2.17 μmol L−1 (upstream of the river) to 18.4 ± 12.7 μmol L−1 (in the river mouth); while the annual average oxygen concentration decreased from 348 ± 22 to 278 ± 42 μmol L−1 between upstream and downstream, indicating an additional oxygen consumption. Variability in the mid-section of the river (station BB8) was identified as a major influence on the inter-annual variability and appeared to be the site of a major anthropogenic disturbance. However, there was also an influence of climate on riverine DIN concentrations; high DIN production occurred during wet years, whereas high consumption proceeded during dry years. Extremely reduced river flow and drought during summer also strongly affected the annual DIN concentration, reducing the DIN production. Additionally, summer storm events during drought periods appeared to cause significant runoff resulting in nitrate inputs to the river. The total DIN input reaching the river mouth was 0.159 Gmol yr−1, implying that internal production exceeds consumption processes, and identifying nitrification as one of the predominant processes occurring in the estuary. In the following, the impact on the river of DIN increases as a nutrient source, as well as climate and biogeochemical factors are discussed.

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Miller, Dean, Matthew Liu y William Abraham Tarpeh. "Evaluating Molecular Catalyst-Mediated Nitrate Reduction for Reactive Separation and Recovery of Ammonia". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 40 (7 de julio de 2022): 1799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01401799mtgabs.

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The current state of centralized nitrogen (N) management has destabilized global environmental cycles via Haber-Bosch (HB) ammonia-N manufacturing which contributes 1.2% of global anthropogenic CO2-eq emissions.1 The majority of this N that is discharged to wastewaters goes untreated, leading to harmful algal blooms that threaten coastal and river ecosystems, which already costs the U.S. an estimated $210 billion per year in health and environmental damages.2 Furthermore, the production of HB ammonia, and the subsequent discharge of wastewater nitrogen, is expected to substantially increase in the next three decades as the human population climbs to 9 billion people.3 Simultaneously removing nitrogen pollutants and recovering value-added products can preserve national water quality and supplement supply chains of nitrogen consumables with renewably sourced electricity. The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) can be leveraged in reactive separation processes to convert wastewater nitrates to commodity products, such as ammonia. Engineering catalytic NO3RR processes that operate at feasible rates and faradaic efficiencies is challenging because the majority of nitrate-rich wastewaters (e.g., fertilizer runoff) are dilute in nitrate concentration (< 5 mM).4 Molecular catalysts are uniquely suited to reduce nitrate at low concentrations in real wastewaters due to their strong substrate recognition (reactant selectivity) and product selectivity. In this study, we benchmarked the performance of the molecular catalyst Co-DIM (a Co-N4 macrocycle complex and the only known molecular NO3RR catalyst selective for ammonia5) in a reactive separations process for the treatment of real, nitrate-rich wastewaters. We first demonstrated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and controlled-potential electrolysis (CPE) that selective Co-DIM-mediated NO3RR is feasible in nitrate-rich secondary effluent (municipal wastewater after biological nitrification). We then employed Co-DIM in electrochemical stripping (ECS): a membrane-separated cell that facilitates reactive separation of produced ammonia.6,7 From real secondary effluent (28 mg NO3-N/L), we achieved greater than 60% nitrate removal with a faradaic efficiency of 25% and ammonia selectivity of 98%. However, the energy consumed for ECS per unit mass of N is 16 times the combined energy requirement for conventional wastewater N removal and HB ammonia synthesis. By introducing a mixed feed of ammonia- and nitrate-rich wastewater and performing electrodialysis (ED) to concentrate the reactant nitrate before ECS, the energy requirement for N removal and ammonia recovery was decreased by three times while the ED process became the dominant energy consumer in the overall process. Additionally, the increase in nitrate removal could not be explained by an increase in nitrate concentration alone. The ED process changes the concentrations and relative ratios of competing anions and buffering species, which can inhibit or promote the molecular electrocatalytic activity. We therefore explored a matrix of anion identities and concentrations by rotating-disk voltammetry and CPE to elucidate plausible inhibition and promotion mechanisms associated with catalyst activation and NO3RR catalysis. This study therefore (1) benchmarks current and future efforts to reactively separate ammonia from real nitrate-rich wastewater with a molecular catalyst and (2) highlights molecular and process-level improvements to realize a circular nitrogen economy. References 1 C. Smith, A. K. Hill and L. Torrente-Murciano, Energy Environ. Sci., 2020, 13, 331–344. 2 D. J. Sobota, J. E. Compton, M. L. McCrackin and S. Singh, Environ. Res. Lett., 2015, 10, 025006. 3 J. W. Erisman, M. A. Sutton, J. Galloway, Z. Klimont and W. Winiwarter, Nature Geoscience, 2008, 1, 636–639. 4 Unesco, Ed., Wastewater: the untapped resource, UNESCO, Paris, 2017. 5 S. Xu, D. C. Ashley, H.-Y. Kwon, G. R. Ware, C.-H. Chen, Y. Losovyj, X. Gao, E. Jakubikova and J. M. Smith, Chem. Sci., 2018, 9, 4950–4958. 6 W. A. Tarpeh, J. M. Barazesh, T. Y. Cath and K. L. Nelson, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2018, 52, 1453–1460. 7 M. J. Liu, B. S. Neo and W. A. Tarpeh, Water Research, 2020, 169, 115226.

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Nur Atika, Aisyah, Khutobah, Misno, Haidor, Lutfi Ariefianto y Syarifudin. "Early Childhood Learning Quality in Pandalungan Community". JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 13, n.º 2 (5 de diciembre de 2019): 296–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.132.07.

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The challenge for rural communities to provide quality education for early childhood in Indonesia is difficult. National politics, policies, and economic and cultural conditions affect the Early Childhood Education system, and Indonesia is a large multicultural country, so, even the quality of education is difficult. This study aims to look at the quality of children's education in Pandalungan. Using qualitative methods with ethnographic design, data collection techniques using interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that educational institutions for children in urban areas can be categorized quite high. However, for early childhood education services in Desa Sukorambi Pandalungan, the quality is quite poor. Research suggestions are the need for follow-up related to social, economic, cultural and environmental factors at the level of Pandalungan community awareness of early childhood education. Keywords: Early Childhood, Learning Quality, Pandalungan Community References: Bernal, R., & Ramírez, S. M. (2019). Improving the quality of early childhood care at scale: The effects of “From Zero to Forever.” World Development, 118, 91–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.02.012 Bers, M. U., González-González, C., & Armas-Torres, M. B. (2019). Coding as a playground: Promoting positive learning experiences in childhood classrooms. Computers and Education, 138, 130–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.013 Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334–344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2016.01.004 Burchinal, M. (2018). Measuring Early Care and Education Quality. Child Development Perspectives, 12(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12260 Church, A., & Bateman, A. (2019). Methodology and professional development: Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM) for early childhood education. Journal of Pragmatics, 143(xxxx), 242–254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2019.01.022 Ciolan, L. E. (2013). Play to Learn, Learn to Play. Creating Better Opportunities for Learning in Early Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 186–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.096 Correia, N., Camilo, C., Aguiar, C., & Amaro, F. (2019). Children’s right to participate in early childhood education settings: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 100, 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.02.031 Cycyk, L. M., & Hammer, C. S. (2018). Beliefs, values, and practices of Mexican immigrant families towards language and learning in toddlerhood: Setting the foundation for early childhood education. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.09.009 Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design Of Instruction. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Herbers, J. E., Cutuli, J. J., Jacobs, E. L., Tabachnick, A. R., & Kichline, T. (2019). Early childhood risk and later adaptation: A person-centered approach using latent profiles. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 62(January), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2019.01.003 Hunkin, E. (2018). Whose quality? The (mis)uses of quality reform in early childhood and education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 33(4), 443–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2017.1352032 Johson, J. E, & Roopnarine, J. L. (2011). Pendidikan anak usia dini dalam berbagai pendekatan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Lucas, F. M. M. (2017). The Game as an Early Childhood Learning Resource for Intercultural Education. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 237(June 2016), 908–913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2017.02.127 Atwi Suparman. (2012). Desain Intruksional Modern. Jakarta: Erlangga. Mapiare, A. (2013). Tipe-tipe Metode Riset Kualitatif Untuk Eksplanasi Sosial Budaya Dan Bimbingan Konseling. Malang: Elang Emas & Prodi Bimbingan Dan Konseling Fakultas Ilmu Pendidikan Universitas Negeri Malang. Milner, K. M., Bhopal, S., Black, M., Dua, T., Gladstone, M., Hamadani, J., … Lawn, J. E. (2019). Counting outcomes, coverage and quality for early child development programmes. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 104, S3–S12. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315430 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jakarta: Indeks. Nutbrown, C. (2011). Key Concepts in Early Childhood Education and Care (2nd ed.). London: SAGE Publication Ltd. Perpres. Pelaksanaan Pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan. , 6 Peraturan Presiden RI § (2017). Puspita, W. A. (2013). Multikulturalisme dalam Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Ilmiah VISI P2TK PAUDNI, 8(2), 144–152. Raikes, A., Sayre, R., Davis, D., Anderson, K., Hyson, M., Seminario, E., & Burton, A. (2019). The Measuring Early Learning Quality & Outcomes initiative: purpose, process and results. Early Years, 39(4), 360–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/09575146.2019.1669142 Satrio Roefandi, P. (2019). Keluarga Pendalungan, Keluarga Berbasis Budaya Madura Atau Jawa? 10 Th Psychofest Conference, (March), 316–324. https://doi.org/10.31227/osf.io/v8g5b Stokoe, E. (2014). The Conversation Analytic Role-play Method (CARM): a method for training communication skills as an alternative to simulated role-play. Res. Lang. Soc. Interact, 47(3), 255–265. Sutarto, A. (2006). Sekilas Tentang Masyarakat Pandalungan. Jelajah Budaya 2006, 1–7. Suyadi. (2010). Psikologi Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Insan Madani. Tapscott, D. (2011). Grown Up Digital: How the Net Generation Is Changing Your World. Bucharest: Publica. Wijana, W. D. (2014). Konsep-Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. In UT. https://doi.org/10.1101/112268 Yoshikawa, H., Wuermli, A. J., Raikes, A., Kim, S., & Kabay, S. B. (2018). Toward High-Quality Early Childhood Development Programs and Policies at National Scale: Directions for Research in Global Contexts. Social Policy Report,31(1), 1–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.2018.tb00091.x

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Hung, Tran Trong, Tran Anh Tu, Dang Thuong Huyen y Marc Desmet. "Presence of trace elements in sediment of Can Gio mangrove forest, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam". VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, n.º 1 (8 de enero de 2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13543.

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Can Gio mangrove forest (CGM) is located downstream of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), situated between an estuarine system of Dong Nai - Sai Gon river and a part of Vam Co river. The CGM is the largest restored mangrove forest in Vietnam and the UNESCO’s Mangrove Biosphere Reserve. The CGM has been gradually facing to numeric challenges of global climate change, environmental degradation and socio-economic development for the last decades. To evaluate sediment quality in the CGM, we collected 13 cores to analyze for sediment grain size, organic matter content, and trace element concentration of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn. Results showed that trace element concentrations ranged from uncontaminated (Cd, Cu, and Zn) to very minor contaminated (Cr, Ni, and Pb). The concentrations were gradually influenced by suspended particle size and the mangrove plants.ReferencesAnh M.T., Chi D.H., Vinh N.N., Loan T.T., Triet L.M., Slootenb K.B.-V., Tarradellas J., 2003. 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Routine analyses of trace elements in geological samples using flow injection and low-pressure on-line liquid chromatography coupled to ICP-MS: A study of geochemical reference materials BR, DR-N, UB-N, AN-G and GH. The Journal of Geo standard and Geoanalysis, 187-198.Carlson P.R., Yarbro L.A., Zimmermann C.F., Montgomery J.R., 1983. Pore water chemistry of an overwash mangrove island. Academy Symposium: Future of the Indian River System, 46(3/4), 239-249. https://www.jstor.org/stable/24320336.Chatterjee M., Canário J., Sarkar S.K., Branco V., Godhantaraman N., Bhattacharya B.D., Bhattacharya A., 2012. Biogeochemistry of mercury and methylmercury in sediment cores from Sundarban mangrove wetland, India—a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Environ Monit Assess, 184, 5239–5254.Claudia R., Huy N.V., 2004. Water allocation policies for the Dong Nai river basin in Viet Nam: An integrated perspective. EPTD Discussion Paper, 127, 01-52.Folk R.L., Ward W.C., 1957. Brazos River bar: A study in the significance of grain size parameters. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 27(1), 3-26.Furukawaa K., Wolanski E., Mueller H., 1997. Currents and sediment transport in mangrove forests. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 44, 301-310.Hai H.Q., Tuyen N.N., 2011. Coastal Erosion of Can Gio district Ho Chi Minh City due to the global climate change. The journal of development of technology and science, 14, 17-28.HCM SO S.O., 2015. Annual statistic data in 2015 for HCM city. Ho Chi Minh city: Statistic office of HCM city.HCMC, 2017. Decision No. 3901 on approving the areas of forest and land in HCM city in 2016. Ho Chi Minh: The people's committee of HCM city.Herut B., Sandler A., 2006. Normalization methods for pollutants in marine sediments: review and recommendations for the Mediterranean. Haifa 31080: Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research: IOLR Report H18/2006.Hong P.N., San H.T., 1993. Mangroves of Vietnam: Chapter VI Human impacts on the mangrove ecosystem. Bangkok 10501: IUCN - The International Union for Conservation of Nature, ISBN: 2-8317-0166-x.Hubner R., Astin K.B., Herbert R.J., 2009. Comparison of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) for the assessment of metal contamination in marine and estuarine environments. Journal of Environmental Monitoring, 11, 713–722.IAEA, 2003. Collection and preparation of bottom sediment samples for analysis of radionuclides and trace elements. Vienna, Austria: International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA-TECDOC-1360, ISBN 92–0–109003–X.Jingchun L., Chongling Y., Ruifeng Z., Haoliang L., Guangqiu Q., 2008. Speciation changes of Cd in mangrove (Kandelia Candel L.) rhizosphere sediments. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 231-236. Doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9351-z.Kalaivanan R., Jayaprakash M., Nethaji S., Arya V., Giridharan L., 2017. Geochemistry of Core Sediments from Tropical Mangrove Region of Tamil Nadu: Implications on Trace Metals. 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Heavy metal contamination and ecological risk in Futian mangrove forest sediment in Shenzhen Bay, South China. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 101, 448–456.Long E., Morgan L.G., 1990. The potential for biological effects of sediment-sorted contaminants tested in the national status and trends program. Seattle, Washington: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS OMA 52.Long E.R., Field L.J., MacDonald D.D., 1998. Predicting toxicity in marine sediments with numerical sediment quality guidelines. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 17, 714–727. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/etc.5620170428/abstract;jsessionid=C5264A1AD0.7ACCA9B4EF9A088BE2EDE9.f04t04Long E.R., MacDonald D.D., Smith S.L., Calder F.D., 1995. Incidence of adverse biological effects within ranges of chemical concentration in marine and estuarine sediments. Environmental management, 19, 81-97.Maiti S.K., Chowdhury A., 2013. Effects of Anthropogenic Pollution on Mangrove Biodiversity: A Review. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4, 1428-1434.Marchand C., Allenbach M., Lallier-Verges E., 2011. Relation between heavy metal distribution and organic matter cycling in mangrove sediments (Conception Bay, New Caledonia). Geoderma, Elsevier, 160 (3-4), 444-456.Mohd F.N., Nor R.H., 2010. Heavy metal concentrations in an important mangrove species, Sonneratia caseolaris, in Peninsular Malaysia. Environment Asia, 3, 50-53.Muller G., 1979. Schwermetalle in den Sedimenten des Rheins - Veränderungen seit 1971. Umschau, 778-783.Nam V.N., 2007. Restoration of Can Gio mangrove forest: Its structure and function in comparison between the ecosytems of plantion and nature mangrove forest. Workshop on the thesis between Germany and Vietnam.Nickerson N.H., Thibodeau F.R., 1985. Association between pore water sulfide concentrations and the distribution of mangroves. Biogeochemistry, 1, 183-192.Ong Che R.G., 1999. Concentration of 7 Heavy Metals in Sediments and Mangrove Root Samples from Mai Po, Hong Kong. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 39, 269-279.Passega R., 1957. Texture as characteristics of clastic deposition. Publisher: American Association of Petroleum Geologists.Passega R., 1964. Grain size representation by CM patterns as a geological tool. J Sediment Petrol, 34, 830–847.Phuoc V.L., An D.T., Cang L.T., Chung B.N., Tien N.V., 2010. Study the sediment dynamics in Can Gio mangrove forest (Nang Hai site, Ho Chi Minh city). Ho Chi Minh city: The final report of National University Ho Chi Minh city, No. B2009-18-36.Pumijumnong N., Danpradit S., 2016. Heavy metal accumulation in sediments and mangrove forest stems from Surat Thani province, Thailand. The Malaysian forester, 79(1&2), 212-228.QCVN43:2012/BTNMT, 2012. QCVN43:2012/BTNMT: National technical regulation on the sediment quality, Ha Noi: Ministry of natural resources and environment of Vietnam.Qiao S., Shi X., Fang X., Liu S., Kornkanitnan N., Gao J., Yu Y., 2015. Heavy metal and clay mineral analyses in the sediments of Upper Gulf of Thailand and their implications on sedimentary provenance and dispersion pattern. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 114, 488–496.Rollinson H. R., 1993. Using geochemical data for evaluation, presentation and interpretation. UK: Longman Group UK Limited ISBN-0-582-06701-4.Spalding M., Blasco F., Field C., 2010. World atlas of mangrove. Cambridge: Earthscan in UK and US, ISBN: 978-1-84407-657-4.Strady E., Dang V.B., Némery J., Guédron S., Dinh Q.T., Denis H., Nguyen P.D., 2016. Baseline seasonal investigation of nutrients and trace metals in surface waters and sediments along the Saigon River basin impacted by the megacity of HCM, Viet Nam. Environ Sci Pollut Res, 1-18. doi:10.1007/s11356-016-7660-7.Tam N.F., Wong Y.S., 1996. Retention and distribution of heavy metals in mangrove soils receiving wastewater. Environment pollution, 94(5), 283-291.Thomas N., Lucas R., Bunting P., Hardy A., Rosenqvist A., Simard M., 2017. Distribution and drivers of global mangrove forest change, 1996– 2010. PLoS ONE, 12(6): e0179302, 1-14. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0179302.Thuy H.T., Loan T.T., Vy N.N., 2007. Study on environmental geochemistry of heavy metals in urban canal sediments of Ho Chi Minh city. Science and Technology Development, 10(01), 1-9.Toan T.T., Bay N.T., 2006. A study on the tendency of accretion and erosion in Can Gio coastal zone. Vietnam-Japan estuary workshop, 184-194.Tri N.H., Hong P.N., Cuc L.T., 2000. Can Gio Mangrove Biosphere Reserve Ho Chi Minh city, Ha Noi, Viet Nam. Ha Noi: Hanoi University Publisher.Truong T.V., 2007. Planning for water source of Dong Nai river basin. Retrieved from Water Resources Planning: http://siwrp.org.vn/tin-tuc/quy-hoach-tai-nguyen-nuoc-luu-vuc-song-dong-nai_143.html.Tuan L.D., Oanh T.T., Thanh C.V., Quy N.D., 2002. Can Gio mangrove biosphere reserve. HCM city, Vietnam: Agriculture Publisher.Tue N.T., Quy T.D., Amono A., 2012. Historical profiles of trace element concentrations in Mangrove sediments from the Ba Lat estuary, Red river, Vietnam. Water, Air & Soil Pollution, ISSN 0049-6979, 223(3), 1315-1330.Twilley R., Chen R., Hargis T., 1992. Carbon sinks in mangroves and their implications to carbon budget of tropical coastal ecosystems. Water, Air & Soil pollution, Netherland, 64, 265-288.UN Environment Program, 2006. Methods for sediment sampling and analysis. Palermo (Sicily), Italy: United Nation Environment Program.UNESCO, 2000. List of Biosphere reserves approved by MAB committee belonging to UNESCO. 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The Annual Review of Marine Science, 8, 243-266.Zhang J., Liu C.L., 2002. Riverine Composition and Estuarine Geochemistry of Particulate Metals in China-Weathering Features, Anthropogenic Impact and Chemical Fluxes. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 54(6), 1051-1070.Zhang W., Feng H., Chang J., Qu J., Xie H., Yu L., 2009. Heavy metal contamination in surface sediments of Yangtze River intertidal zone: An assessment from different indexes. Environmental Pollution, 157, 1533-1543.Zheng W.-j., Xiao-yong C., Peng L., 1997. Accumulation and biological cycling of heavy metal elements in Rhizophora stylosa mangroves in Yingluo Bay, China. Marine ecology progress series, 159, 293-301.

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Simões, Welson Lima, Pedro Paulo Bezerra Ferreira, Maria Aparecida do Carmo Mouco, Maria Auxiliadora Coelho Lima, Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães y José Aliçandro Bezerra Silva. "PRODUÇÃO E RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DA MANGUEIRA CV. KEITT SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NO SUBMÉDIO DO SÃO FRANCISCO". IRRIGA 23, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2018v23n1p34.

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PRODUÇÃO E RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS DA MANGUEIRA CV. KEITT SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE IRRIGAÇÃO NO SUBMÉDIO DO SÃO FRANCISCO WELSON LIMA SIMÕES1; PEDRO PAULO BEZERRA FERREIRA2; MARIA APARECIDA DO CARMO MOUCO3; MARIA AUXILIADORA COELHO DE LIMA4; MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES5 E JOSÉ ALIÇANDRO BEZERRA DA SILVA6 1 Embrapa Semiárido, rodovia BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Zona Rural, EMBRAPA, Petrolina, PE, CEP 56302-970. E-mail: welson.simoes@embrapa.br2 Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Juazeiro, BA, CEP 48.902-300. E-mail: pedro_k77@hotmail.com3 Embrapa Semiárido, rodovia BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Zona Rural, EMBRAPA, Petrolina, PE, CEP 56302-970. E-mail: maria.mouco@embrapa.br4 Embrapa Semiárido, rodovia BR-428, Km 152, s/n, Zona Rural, EMBRAPA, Petrolina, PE, CEP 56302-970. E-mail: auxiliadora.lima@embrapa.br5 Engenharia Agrícola - Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, UFRPE, Recife, PE, CEP 52171-900. E-mail: mjmguimaraes@hotmail.com6 Departamento de fisiologia, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, UNIVASF, Juazeiro, BA, CEP 48.902-300. E-mail: jose.alicandro@univasf.edu.br 1 RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de quatro arranjos de sistemas de irrigação sobre a fisiologia, a produtividade e a qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos da mangueira (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Keitt, no Submédio do Vale São Francisco. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, com 04 tratamentos e 05 repetições, durante dois ciclos de cultivo. Os tratamentos foram: T1 – Um microaspersor sob copa; T2 – Um microaspersor entre plantas; T3 – Duas linhas laterais de gotejadores por fileira de planta; e T4 – Uma faixa de gotejo em formato de anel ou espiral (rabo de porco) ao redor da planta. Foram avaliadas: as respostas fisiológicas das plantas (fotossíntese líquida, condutância estomática, transpiração e temperatura foliar); o peso médio dos frutos; a produtividade; a quantidade de frutos por planta; e a qualidade dos frutos: volume, densidade, firmeza da polpa, teor de sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável. O sistema de irrigação por gotejamento é o mais indicado para o cultivo da mangueira cv. Keitt no Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, por interferir positivamente na fisiologia e na produtividade da planta e no número e firmeza dos frutos. Palavras-chave: fotossíntese, produtividade, qualidade de fruto SIMÕES, W. L.; FERREIRA, P. P. B.; MOUCO, M. A. do C.; LIMA, M. A. C.; GUIMARÃES, M. J. M.; SILVA, J. A. B. da.PRODUCTION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF MANGO CV. KEITT UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SYSTEMS IN SÃO FRANCISCO RIVER’S LOWER MIDDLE 2 ABSTRACT In order to assess the effect of four irrigation systems on post-harvest physiology, productivity and quality of mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Keitt fruits, in São Francisco river’s lower middle, an experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with 04 treatments and 05 repetitions for two crop cycles. The treatments were: T1 - One micro-sprinkler under plant; T2 – One micro-sprinkler between plants; T3 - Two lines of drippers per plant; and T4 - One line of drippers around the plant. The physiological characteristics of plants (net photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and leaf temperature); the average weigh of fruits; productivity; amounts of fruits per plant; and fruit quality (volume, density, pulp firmness, content of soluble solids, and titratable acidity) were assessed. It was found that the drip irrigation system is best suited for the cultivation of mango cv. Keitt in São Francisco river lower middle, for positively affecting the plant physiology and productivity and the number firmness of fruits. Keywords: photosynthesis, productivity, fruit quality

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Maharti, Hastin Melur y Winarini Wilman Mansoer. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEPUASAN PERNIKAHAN, KOMITMEN BERAGAMA, DAN KOMITMEN PERNIKAHAN DI INDONESIA". JKKP (Jurnal Kesejahteraan Keluarga dan Pendidikan) 5, n.º 1 (24 de abril de 2018): 70–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jkkp.051.07.

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This research is aimed to discover the interrelation between marital satisfaction, religiouscommitment and marital commitment globally and based on its types, personal, moral, andstructural. The sampling of the research is 315 persons, with age 20 until 58 years old. The resultof the research shows there is a significant correlation between marital satisfaction and maritalcommitment, religious commitment and marital commitment, marital satisfaction together withreligious commitment and marital commitment. It is also discovers that marital commitmentinfluences personal commitment and moral commitment, while religious commitment influencespersonal commitment, moral commitment, and structural commitment.Keywords: marital satisfaction, religious commitment, marital commitment Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kepuasan pernikahan, komitmen beragama, dan komitmen pernikahan secara global dan menurut tipenya, komitmen personal, moral, dan struktural. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah berjumlah 315 orang, berusia 20 hingga 58 tahun. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kepuasan pernikahan dan komitmen pernikahan, komitmen beragama dan komitmen pernikahan, kepuasan pernikahan bersama dengan komitmen beragama dan komitmen pernikahan. Juga diketahui bahwa kepuasan pernikahan memiliki pengaruh terhadap komitmen personal dan komitmen moral. Sementara komitmen beragama memiliki pengaruh terhadap komitmen personal, komitmen moral, dan komitmen struktural. Kata kunci: kepuasan pernikahan, komitmen beragama, komitmen pernikahan References Abbott, D., Berry, M. and Meredith, W. (1990). Religious Belief and Practice: A Potential Assetin Helping Families. Family Relations, 39(4), p.443.Adams, J. M. & Jones, W. H. (1999). Interpersonal commitment in historichal perspectives. InHandbook of Interpersonal Commitment and Relationship Stability. New York: SpringerScience+Business Media.Agnew, H. (2009). Commitment, Theories and Typologies. Department of PsychologicalSciences Faculty Publications. Diunduh dari: http://docs.lib.purdue.edu/psychpubs/28Allgood, S. M., Harris, S.,Skogrand, L., & Lee, T.R. (2008). Marital commitment andreligiosity in a religiously homogenous population. Marriage & Family Review, 45(1),52-67. doi: 10.1080/01494920802537472.Amato, P. R. 2010. Research on divorce: continuing developments and newtrends. Journal ofMarriage and Family 72(3): 650-666. doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00723.xAmato, P. and Sobolewski, J. (2001). The Effects of Divorce and Marital Discordon AdultChildren's Psychological Well-Being. American SociologicalReview, 66(6), p.900.Andrea, S.G. (2014). Hubungan antara religiositas dan komitmen pernikahan pada individuyang menikah melalui taâ€™aruf. Skripsi. Depok: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia.Argue, A., Johnson, D. and White, L. (1999). Age and Religiosity: Evidence froma Three-WavePanel Analysis. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 38(3), p.423.Aron, A., Aron, E. and Smollan, D. (1992). Inclusion of Other in the Self Scaleand the structureof interpersonal closeness. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(4), pp.596- 612.Arriaga, X. and Agnew, C. (2001). Being Committed: Affective, Cognitive, and ConativeComponents of Relationship Commitment. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(9), pp.1190-1203.Benokraitis, N. (1996). Marriages and families. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Prentice Hall.Beveridge, A., Campbell, A., Converse, P. and Rodgers, W. (1976). The Quality of AmericanLife: Perceptions, Evaluations, and Satisfactions. Political Science Quarterly, 91(3),p.529.Bilqisthi, H. (2014). Hubungan antara komitmen pernikahan dengan kepuasanpernikahan padaindividu yang menikah melalui taâ€™aruf. Skripsi. Depok: Fakultas Psikologi UniversitasIndonesia.Bimas Islam Dalam Angka. (2012). Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia.www.bimasislam.kemenag.go.idBKKBN (2011, Desember). Policy brief pusat penelitian dan pengembangan kependudukan.20 Februari 2015. http://www.bkkbn.go.id/ViewBerita.aspx?BeritaID=967Badan Pusat Statistik. (2010). Survey agama berdasarkan provinsi di Indonesia. www.bps.go.idBurpee, L. and Langer, E. (2005). Mindfulness and Marital Satisfaction. Journalof AdultDevelopment, 12(1), pp.43-51.Carp, F. and Carp, A. (1982). Test of a Model of Domain Satisfactions and WellBeing: EquityConsiderations. Research on Aging, 4(4), pp.503-522. Cho, D. W. (2014). The influence of religiosity and adult attachment style on maritalsatisfaction among Korean Christian couples living in South Korea. A Dissertation. Liberty University.Chomeya, R. (2010). Quality of psychology test between likert scale 5 and points. Journal ofSocial Sciences, 6 (3), 399-403.Chung, R. H. (2008). Religiosity as predictor of marital commitment andsatisfaction in KoreanAmerican couples. University of Southern CaliforniaClements, R. and Swensen, C. (2000). Commitment to oneâ€™s spouse as a predictorof maritalquality among older couples. Curr Psychol, 19(2), pp.110-119.DeGenova, M. and Rice, F. (2005). Intimate relationships, marriages, andfamilies. New York:McGraw-Hill.DeGenova, M. (2008). Intimate relationships, marriages & families. Boston, MA: McGrawHill.Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), pp.542575.Duvall, E. and Miller, B. (1985). Marriage and family development. New York: Harper & Row.Fowers, B. and Olson, D. (1993). ENRICH Marital Satisfaction Scale: A brief research andclinical tool. Journal of Family Psychology, 7(2), pp.176-185.Gravetter, F.J. & Forzano, L.B. (2009). Research methods for the behavioral sciences (Edisike-3). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.Goltz, J.W. (1987). Correlates in marital commitment. Disertasi Doktoral.Kanada: UniversitasAlberta.Hansen, D., Kelley, H. and Thibaut, J. (1982). Interpersonal Relations: A Theory ofInterdependence. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 44(1), p.246.Hassan, R. (2007). On Being Religious: Patterns of Religious Commitment in MuslimSocieties. The Muslim World, 97(3), pp.437-478.Hatch, R., James, D. and Schumm, W. (1986). Spiritual Intimacy and MaritalSatisfaction. Family Relations, 35(4), p.539.Harris, S. S. (2005). Marital commitment and religiosity in a sample of adults in Utah. AllGraduate Theses and Dissertations. Paper 2851. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2851Haseley, J. and Riggs, S. (2006). Marital satisfaction among newly married couples. Denton:University of North Texas.Hawkins, M. (1981). Care of the dying. BMJ, 282(6280), pp.1969-1969.Heaton, T. and Albrecht, S. (1991). Stable Unhappy Marriages. Journal of Marriage and theFamily, 53(3), p.747.Heaton, T., Albrecht, S. and Martin, T. (1985). The Timing of Divorce. Journal of Marriageand the Family, 47(3), p.631.Hoge, D. and Hoge, J. (1984). Period Effects and Specific Age Effects Influencing Values ofAlumni in the Decade after College. Social Forces, 62(4), p.941Impett, E., Beals, K. and Peplau, L. (2001). Testing the investment model of relationshipcommitment and stability in a longitudinal study of married couples. Curr Psychol, 20(4),pp.312-326.Johnson, M. P. (1973). Commitment: A conceptual structure and empirical application. TheSociological Quarterly, 14(3), 395-406.

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Iñiguez Jiménez, Samuel Olegario, Isaac Josué Iñiguez Jiménez, Stephanie Marie Cruz Pierard y Alicia Carolina Iñiguez Jiménez. "Relación entre uso problemático de internet y calidad de sueño durante la pandemia de COVID-19". Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, n.º 109 (3 de junio de 2021): 116–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i109.457.

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Se analizó la relación entre el uso problemático de internet y la calidad de sueño. La metodología fue no experimental, transversal y correlacional. La muestra fue no probabilística por conveniencia. Participaron 118 estudiantes de pregrado y postgrado de universidades e institutos superiores de la ciudad de Quito en Ecuador. Los instrumentos fueron el Cuestionario de Experiencias Relacionadas con Internet (CERI) y el Cuestionario de Pittsburg de Calidad de Sueño (PSQI). Se evaluó la asociación entre las variables mediante el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y un valor p < 0,05 durante la emergencia sanitaria por COVID-19. Los resultados muestran que los participantes en 51 % tienen problemas ocasionales con el uso de internet y el 47 % tienen problemas de sueño que además merecen atención y tratamiento médico. La asociación entre la variable independiente y la variable dependiente fue r = 0,195 y p = 0,034. En conclusión, existe una relación significativa moderada entre el uso problemático de internet y la calidad de sueño. Palabras Clave: Calidad de sueño, estudiantes universitarios, salud mental, uso de internet. [1]D. J. Kuss y O. López-Fernández, “Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research,” World journal of psychiatry vol. 6, n° 1, pp. 143-76, Marzo 2016. [2]M. Vázquez-Chacón, S. Cabrejos-Llontop, Y. Yrigoin-Pérez, R. Robles-Alfaro y C. Toro-Huamanchumo, “Adicción a internet y calidad de sueño en estudiantes de medicina de una Universidad peruana, 2016,” Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas, vol. 18, n° 5, pp. 817-830, Octubre 2019. [3]P. Carrillo-Mora, K. Barajas-Martínez, I. Sánchez-Vázquez y M. Rangel-Caballero, “Trastornos del sueño: ¿qué son y cuáles son sus consecuencias?,” Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM, vol. 61, n° 1, pp. 6-20, Enero-febrero 2018. [4]S. J. Kim, J. W. Kim, Y. S. Cho, K. J. Chung, H. Yoon y K. H. Kim, “Influence of Circadian Disruption Associated With Artificial Light at Night on Micturition Patterns in Shift Workers,” International neurourology journal, vol. 23, n° 4, pp. 258-264, Diciembre 2019. [5]J. Arendt y B. Middleton, “Human seasonal and circadian studies in Antarctica (Halley, 75°S),” General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol. 258, n° 1, pp. 250-258, Marzo 2018. [6]P. Botero, P. Camargo, Y. Riaño y N. Velásquez, “Calidad del sueño en adultos según el grado de exposición a campos electromagnéticos en Bogotá y Duitama en 2017,” Tesis de pregrado, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Bogotá, COL., 2017. [7]H. Y. Wong, H. Y. Mo, M. N. Potenza, M. Chan, W. M. Lau, T. K. Chui, A. H. Pakpour y C. Y. Lin, “Relationships between Severity of Internet Gaming Disorder, Severity of Problematic Social Media Use, Sleep Quality and Psychological Distress,” International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 17, n° 6, 1879, Marzo 2020. [8]V. Parra, J. Vargas, B. Zamorano, F. Peña, Y. Velázquez, L. Ruiz y O. Monreal, “Adicción y factores determinantes en el uso problemático del Internet, en una muestra de jóvenes universitarios,” Edutec-e, n° 56, p. a337, Junio 2016. [9]M. Laguna, “Estudio sobre el uso de internet y sus aplicaciones en el alumnado de último año de carrera de la Universidad de Alicante,” Tesis Doctoral, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, ESP., 2013. [10]A. Rial, P. Gómez, M. Isorna, M. Araujo y J. Varela, “EUPI-a: Escala de Uso Problemático de Internet en adolescentes. Desarrollo y validación psicométrica,” Adicciones, vol. 27, n° 1, pp. 47-63, 2015. [11]T. Fernández-Villa, J. Alguacil, A. Almaraz, J. Cancela, M. Delgado-Rodríguez, M. García-Martín, E. Jiménez-Mejías, J. Llorca, A. Molina, R. Ortíz, L. Félix y V. Martín, “Uso problemático de internet en estudiantes universitarios: factores asociados y diferencias de género,” Adicciones, vol. 27, n° 4, pp. 265-275, 2015. [12]S. Cañón, J. Castaño, D. Hoyos, J. Jaramillo, D. Leal, R. Rincón, E. Sánchez y L. Urueña, “Uso problemático de internet en estudiantes universitarios: factores asociados y diferencias de género,” Adicciones, vol. 27, n° 4, pp. 265-275, Julio-diciembre 2016. [13]Z. Granados-Carrasco, A. Bartra-Aguinaga, D. Bendezú-Barnuevo, J. Huamanchumo-Merino, E. Hurtado-Noblecilla, J. Jiménez-Flores, F. León-Jiménez y D. Chang-Dávila, “Calidad del sueño en una facultad de medicina de Lambayeque,” Anales de la Facultad de Medicina, vol. 74, n°4, pp. 311-314, Octubre-Diciembre 2013. [14]Q. Wang, K. Mati y Y. Cai, “The link between problematic internet use, problematic gaming, and psychological distress: does sleep quality matter?,” BMC psychiatry, vol. 21, n° 1, 103, Febrero 2021. [15]M. Bautista y I. Taipe, “Calidad de sueño y factores asociados en internos rotativos de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Cuenca 2019,” Tesis de pregrado Médico Cirujano, Universidad de Cuenca, Cuenca, ECU., 2019. [16]El Universo. (2020, Junio 26). El tráfico de internet en los hogares creció hasta 63 % en medio de la pandemia del COVID-19. Diario El Universo [Internet]. Disponible en: https://www.eluniverso.com/noticias/2020/06/23/nota/7881924/internet-fijo-servicio-operadoras-demanda-cuarentena-covid-19. [17]B. Fernandes, U. Nanda, R. Tan-Mansukhani, A. Vallejo y C. Essau, “The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents,” Revista de Psicología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes, vol. 7, n° 3, pp. 59-65, Septiembre 2020. [18]J. A. Casas, R. Ruiz-Olivares y R. Ortega-Ruiz, “Validation of the Internet and Social Networking Experiences Questionnaire in Spanish adolescents,” International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, vol. 13, n° 1, pp. 40-48, Enero 2013. [19]Y. Tan, Y. Chen, Y. Lu y L. Li, “Exploring Associations between Problematic Internet Use, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Disturbance among Southern Chinese Adolescents,”International journal of environmental research and public health, vol. 13, n° 3, 313, Marzo 2016. [20]A. Barquero y F. Calderón, “Influencia de las nuevas tecnologías en el desarrollo adolescente y posibles desajustes,” Revista Cúpula, vol. 30, n° 2, pp. 11-25, 2016. [21]J. P. C. Chang y C. C. Hung. Uso problemático de internet. Libro electrónico de IACAPAP de Salud Mental en Niños y Adolescentes. Geneva: Asociación Internacional de Psiquiatría y Profesiones Aliadas de Niños y Adolescentes. [Internet]. 2016. Disponible en: https://iacapap.org/content/uploads/H.6-Uso-problem%C3%A1tico-de-Internet-SPANISH-2017.pdf [22]S. García y G. Zurita, “Estudio estadístico de internet y su incidencia en la educación universitaria fiscal de la provincia del Guayas,” Tesis de pregrado Ingeniera en Estadística Informática, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), Guayaquil, ECU., 2017. [23]J. Redondo, K. Rangel, M. Luzardo y C. Inglés, “Experiencias relacionadas con el uso de internet y celular en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios colombianos,” Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte, vol. 49, pp. 7-22, Septiembre-diciembre 2016. [24]S. Cruces, R. Guil, N. Sánchez y J. Pereira, “Consumo de nuevas tecnologías y factores de personalidad en estudiantes universitarios,” Commons, vol. 5, n° 2, pp. 203-228, Diciembre 2016. [25]X. Carbonell, A. Chamarro, M. Griffiths, U. Oberst, R. Cladellas y A. Talam, “Problematic Internet and cell phone use in Spanish teenagers and young students,” Anales de psicología, vol. 8, n° 3, pp. 789-796, Octubre 2012. [26]S. Iñiguez-Jiménez, S. Cruz-Pierard y S. Vaca-Córdova, “Uso problemático de tecnologías de la información y comunicación, consumo de sustancias y su impacto en la salud mental de estudiantes de bachillerato,” PAIDEIA XXI, vol. 10, n° 2, pp. 471-489, Julio-diciembre 2020. [27]M. Machado-Duque, J. Echeverri y J. Machado-Alba,"Somnolencia diurna excesiva, mala calidad del sueño y bajo rendimiento académico en estudiantes de Medicina,” Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, vol. 44, n° 3, pp. 137-142, Julio-septiembre 2015. [28]S. de la Portilla, C. Dussán, D. Montoya, J. Taborda y L. Nieto, “Calidad de sueño y somnolencia diurna excesiva en estudiantes universitarios de diferentes dominios,” Hacia Promoc. Salud, vol. 24, n° 1, pp. 84-96, Enero – junio 2019. [29]F. Wang y É. Bíró, “Determinants of sleep quality in college students: A literature review,” Explore, vol. 17, n° 2, pp. 170-177, Marzo-abril 2021. [30]M. Puerto, D. Rivero, L. Sansores, L. Gamboa y L. Sarabia, “Somnolencia, hábitos de sueño y uso de redes sociales en estudiantes universitarios,” Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología, vol. 20, n° 2, pp. 189-195, Mayo-agosto 2015. [31]Ministerio de Sanidad. “COVID-19, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas y adicción”. Observatorio Español de las Drogas y las Adicciones, España. Informe Impacto COVID. [Internet]. Julio 2020. Disponible en: https://pnsd.sanidad.gob.es/noticiasEventos/actualidad/2020_Coronavirus/pdf/20200715_Informe_IMPACTO_COVID-19_OEDA_final.pdf

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Indrawati, Retno, Safendrri Komara Ragamustari y Muhammad Ery Wijaya. "Best Practice in Early Childhood Development Financial Governance: A Case Study in Indonesia Villages". JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15, n.º 2 (30 de noviembre de 2021): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.152.07.

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Early childhood development (PAUD) is a fundamental investment that is included in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Previous research has shown that ECD investment in Indonesia, and its financial governance remains a challenging issue. Through a qualitative approach to a case study method design, this study aims to examine the state of PAUD financial management in Panggungharjo Village, Yogyakarta. This study uses in-depth interviews and desk research as data collection techniques. The instrument was developed from the SABER-ECD World Bank Assessment and ECD Financial Profiling Tools. The results showed that PAUD financial management in established villages had innovative financing, budget management and institutional development resulted in a blueprint for managing PAUD financing in other villages in Indonesia. Important policy objectives in all aspects, including the legal framework, cross-sectoral coordination, program coverage, coverage, equity, data availability, quality standards, and compliance with standards, the vision of financing early childhood development will be more achievable for future research. Keywords: Early Childhood, Financial Governance, Village References: Alatas, H., Brinkman, S., Chang, M. C., Hadiyati, T., Hartono, D., Hasan, A., Hyson, M., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., Pradhan, M., & Roesli, R. (2013). Early childhood education and development services in Indonesia. In Education in Indonesia (pp. 82–108). Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Ambang.Yudanto. (2019). Analisis Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kepala Desa dalam Pengelolaan Badan Usaha Milik Desa: Studi Kasus Bumdes Panggung Lestari, Bantul [Analysis of Village Head Transformational Leadership in Village Owned Enterprise Management: A Case Study of Bumdes Panggung Lestari, Bantul]. The Journal of Business and Management. Antlöv, H., Wetterberg, A., & Dharmawan, L. (2016). Village Governance, Community Life, and the 2014 Village Law in Indonesia. Bulletin of Indonesian Economic Studies, 52(2), 161–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/00074918.2015.1129047 Aqsati, F. A. (2018). Pengelolaan Alokasi Dana Desa untuk Pengembangan Pembedayaan Masyarakat di Desa Panggungharjo [Management of Village Fund Allocation for Community Empowerment Development in Panggungharjo Village]. Resolusi: Jurnal Sosial Politik. Astuti, S. J. W., & Suaedi, F. (2019). Building Independent Villages through Collaborative Governance by Village-Owned Enterprises (Best Practice from Panggungharjo Village, Central Java, Indonesia). Iapa Proceedings Conference, 265. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2018.200 Basuki, A. F., Setyowati, K., & Wahyunengseh, R. D. (2019). Accountability Model of Financial Management in the Public Sector: A Study on Panggungharjo Village Budget. Bisnis & Birokrasi Journal. https://doi.org/10.20476/jbb.v26i1.10312 Bauhr, M., & Nasiritousi, N. (2013). Resisting Transparency: Corruption, Legitimacy, and the Quality of Global Environmental Policies. Global Environmental Politics, 13(August), 46–64. https://doi.org/10.1162/GLEP Bloom, N., Van Reenen, J., & Williams, H. (2019). A toolkit of policies to promote innovation. Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2019(10), 5–31. https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2019-10-5-31 Boggild-Jones, I., Gardiner, S., Gustafsson-Wright, E., Castillo, A. M., Castro Espinosa, B., Sánchez Vázquez, G., Rivera Ruíz, M., Hetzel, O., Lugo, H., Khan, A., Mozambique, F., Duarte, S., Fisker, A., Mozambique, A., Briggs, C., Kasajja, M.-S., Anis, K., Campira, P., Figia, N., … Njoroge, S. (2017). Emily Gustafsson-Wright the Standardized Early Childhood Development Costing Tool (SECT) A Global Good to Increase and Improve Investments in Young Children. Brinkman, S. A., Hasan, A., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., & Pradhan, M. (2017). 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(2013). Early childhood education and development in poor villages of Indonesia: Strong foundations, later success. World Bank. Istiqomah, L. (2016). Tiga Pilar Kebijakan Pemerintah dalam Pembinaan PAUD. Golden Age [Three Pillars of Government Policy in Early Childhood Education. Golden Age]: Jurnal Ilmiah Tumbuh Kembang Anak Usia Dini. Jeffrey, D. S., & Guido, S. T. (2014). Financing Sustainable Development: Implementing the SDGs through Effective Investment Strategies and Partnerships. Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Juniar, T. (n.d.). Efektivitas Program Kartu Jakarta Pintar (KIP) Dan Manfaatnya Dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Sosial Di SDN Bintaro 08 Pagi Jakarta Selatan [The Effectiveness of the Jakarta Smart Card (KIP) Program and Its Benefits in Improving Social Welfare at SDN Bintaro 08 Pagi South Jakarta]. Repository.Uinjkt.Ac.Id. Klees, S. J., Ginsburg, M., Anwar, H., Robbins, M. B., Bloom, H., Busacca, C., Corwith, A., Decoster, B., Fiore, A., Gasior, S., Le, H. M., Primo, L. H., & Reedy, T. D. (2020). The World Bank’s SABER: A Critical Analysis. Comparative Education Review. https://doi.org/10.1086/706757 Kurniawati, S., Suryadarma, D., Bima, L., & Yusrina, A. (2018). Education in Indonesia: A white elephant? Journal of Southeast Asian Economies, 35(2), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1355/ae35-2e Magnuson, K., & Duncan, G. J. (2016). Can early childhood interventions decrease inequality of economic opportunity? Rsf, 2(2), 123–141. https://doi.org/10.7758/rsf.2016.2.2.05 Mizwar Hasyim, N. (2019). Peningkatan Kemandirian Desa Panggungharjo Melalui Komunikasi Pembangunan [Increasing the Independence of Panggungharjo Village through Development Communication]. Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran Dan Dakwah Pembangunan, 3(2), 352–376. https://doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2019.032-06 Nakajima, N., Hasan, A., Jung, H., Kinnell, A., Maika, A., & Pradhan, M. (2021). 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Mutoharoh, Achmad Hufad, Maman Faturrohman y Isti Rusdiyani. "Unplugged Coding Activities for Early Childhood Problem-Solving Skills". JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2021): 121–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.151.07.

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Problem solving skills are very important in supporting social development. Children with problem solving skills can build healthy relationships with their friends, understand the emotions of those around them, and see events with other people's perspectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of playing unplugged coding programs in improving early childhood problem solving skills. This study used a classroom action research design, using the Kemmis and Taggart cycle models. The subjects of this study were children aged 5-6 years in Shafa Marwah Kindergarten. Research can achieve the target results of increasing children's problem-solving abilities after going through two cycles. In the first cycle, the child's initial problem-solving skills was 67.5% and in the second cycle it increased to 80.5%. The initial skills of children's problem-solving increases because children tend to be enthusiastic and excited about the various play activities prepared by the teacher. The stimulation and motivation of the teacher enables children to find solutions to problems faced when carrying out play activities. So, it can be concluded that learning unplugged coding is an activity that can attract children's interest and become a solution to bring up children's initial problem-solving abilities. Keywords: Early Childhood, Unplugged Coding, Problem solving skills References: Akyol-Altun, C. (2018). Algorithm and coding education in pre-school teaching program integration the efectiveness of problem-solving skills in students. Angeli, C., Smith, J., Zagami, J., Cox, M., Webb, M., Fluck, A., & Voogt, J. (2016). A K-6 Computational Thinking Curriculum Framework: Implications for Teacher Knowledge. Educational Technology & Society, 12. Anlıak, Ş., & Dinçer, Ç. (2005). 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Farmer, Kristine, Jeff Allen, Malak Khader, Tara Zimmerman y Peter Johnstone. "Paralegal Students’ and Paralegal Instructors’ Perceptions of Synchronous and Asynchronous Online Paralegal Course Effectiveness: A Comparative Study". International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies 3, n.º 1 (30 de marzo de 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/ijevs.v3i1.3550.

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To improve online learning pedagogy within the field of paralegal education, this study investigated how paralegal students and paralegal instructors perceived the effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous online paralegal courses. This study intended to inform paralegal instructors and course developers how to better design, deliver, and evaluate effective online course instruction in the field of paralegal studies.Survey results were analyzed using independent samples t-test and correlational analysis, and indicated that overall, paralegal students and paralegal instructors positively perceived synchronous and asynchronous online paralegal courses. Paralegal instructors reported statistically significant higher perceptions than paralegal students: (1) of instructional design and course content in synchronous online paralegal courses; and (2) of technical assistance, communication, and course content in asynchronous online paralegal courses. Instructors also reported higher perceptions of the effectiveness of universal design, online instructional design, and course content in synchronous online paralegal courses than in asynchronous online paralegal courses. Paralegal students reported higher perceptions of asynchronous online paralegal course effectiveness regarding universal design than paralegal instructors. No statistically significant differences existed between paralegal students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of synchronous and asynchronous online paralegal courses. A strong, negative relationship existed between paralegal students’ age and their perceptions of effective synchronous paralegal courses, which were statistically and practically significant. Lastly, this study provided practical applicability and opportunities for future research. Akyol, Z., & Garrison, D. R. (2008). The development of a community of inquiry over time in an online course: Understanding the progression and integration of social, cognitive and teaching presence. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 12, 3-22. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ837483.pdf Akyol, Z., Garrison, D. R., & Ozden, M. Y. (2009). Online and blended communities of inquiry: Exploring the developmental and perceptional differences. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 10(6), 65-83. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/765/1436 Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2014). Grade change: Tracking online education in the United States. Babson Park, MA: Babson Survey Research Group and Quahog Research Group, LLC. Retrieved from https://www.utc.edu/learn/pdfs/online/sloanc-report-2014.pdf Alreck, P. L., & Settle, R. B. (2004). The Survey Research Handbook (3rd ed.) New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Irwin. American Association for Paralegal Education (2013, Oct.). AAfPE core competencies for paralegal programs. Retrieved from https://cdn.ymaws.com/www.aafpe.org/resource/resmgr/Docs/AAfPECoreCompetencies.pdf American Bar Association, Standing Committee on Paralegals. (2017). https://www.americanbar.org/groups/paralegals.html American Bar Association, Standing Committee on Paralegals (2013, September). Guidelines for the approval of paralegal education programs. Retrieved from https://www.americanbar.org/content/dam/aba/administrative/paralegals/ls_prlgs_2013_paralegal_guidelines.authcheckdam.pdf Astani, M., Ready, K. J., & Duplaga, E. A. (2010). Online course experience matters: Investigating students’ perceptions of online learning. Issues in Information Systems, 11(2), 14-21. Retrieved from http://iacis.org/iis/2010/14-21_LV2010_1526.pdf Bailey, C. J., & Card, K. A. (2009). Effective pedagogical practices for online teaching: Perception of experienced instructors. The Internet and Higher Education, 12, 152-155. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.08.002 Bernard, R., Abrami, P., Borokhovski, E., Wade, C., Tamim , R., Surkes, M., & Bethel, E. (2009). A meta-analysis of three types of interaction treatments in distance education. Review of Educational Research, 79, 1243-1289. doi: 10.3102/0034654309333844 Cherry, S. J., & Flora, B. H. (2017). Radiography faculty engaged in online education: Perceptions of effectiveness, satisfaction, and technological self-efficacy. Radiologic Technology, 88(3), 249-262. http://www.radiologictechnology.org/ Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). New York: Taylor & Francis Group. Colorado, J. T., & Eberle, J. (2010). Student demographics and success in online learning environments. Emporia State Research Studies, 46(1), 4-10. Retrieved from https://esirc.emporia.edu/bitstream/handle/123456789/380/205.2.pdf?sequence=1 Dutcher, C. W., Epps, K. K., & Cleaveland, M. C. (2015). Comparing business law in online and face to face formats: A difference in student learning perception. Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 19, 123-134. http://www.abacademies.org/journals/academy-of-educational-leadership-journal-home.html Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. Retrieved from http://www.gpower.hhu.de/fileadmin/redaktion/Fakultaeten/Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche_Fakultaet/Psychologie/AAP/gpower/GPower3-BRM-Paper.pdf Field, A. (2009). Discovery statistics using SPSS. (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Gall M., Borg, W., & Gall, J. (1996). Educational research: An introduction (6th ed.). White Plains, NY: Longman Press. Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of distance education, 15(1), 7-23. Retrieved from http://cde.athabascau.ca/coi_site/documents/Garrison_Anderson_Archer_CogPres_Final.pdf Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J. (2005). Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Internal consistency estimates of reliability. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Harrell, I. L. (2008). Increasing the Success of Online Students. Inquiry, 13(1), 36-44. Retrieved from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ833911.pdf Horspool, A., & Lange, C. (2012). Applying the scholarship of teaching and learning: student perceptions, behaviours and success online and face-to-face. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 37, 73-88. doi: 10.1080/02602938.2010.496532 Inman, E., Kerwin, M., & Mayes, L. (1999). Instructor and student attitudes toward distance learning. Community College Journal of Research & Practice, 23, 581-591. doi:10.1080/106689299264594 Institute of Legal Executives (ILEX). https://www.cilexcareers.org.uk/ Johnson, J. & Taggart, G. (1996). Computer assisted instruction in paralegal education: Does it help? Journal of Paralegal Education and Practice, 12, 1-21. Johnstone, Q. & Flood, J. (1982). Paralegals in English and American law offices. Windsor YB Access to Justice 2, 152. Jones, S. J. (2012). Reading between the lines of online course evaluations: Identifiable actions that improve student perceptions of teaching effectiveness and course value. Journal of Asynchronous Learning Networks, 16(1), 49-58. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.24059/olj.v16i1.227 Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and psychological measurement, 30, 607-610. http://journals.sagepub.com/home/epm Liu, S., Gomez, J., Khan, B., & Yen, C. J. (2007). Toward a learner-oriented community college online course dropout framework. International Journal on ELearning, 6(4), 519-542. https://www.learntechlib.org/j/IJEL/ Lloyd, S. A., Byrne, M. M., & McCoy, T. S. (2012). Faculty-perceived barriers of online education. Journal of online learning and teaching, 8(1), 1-12. Retrieved from http://jolt.merlot.org/vol8no1/lloyd_0312.pdf Lockee, B., Burton, J., & Potter, K. (2010, March). Organizational perspectives on quality in distance learning. In D. Gibson & B. Dodge (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2010—Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 659-664). San Diego, CA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). https://www.learntechlib.org/p/33419/ Lowerison, G., Sclater, J., Schmid, R. F., & Abrami, P. C. (2006). Student perceived effectiveness of computer technology use in post-secondary classrooms. Computers & Education, 47(4), 465-489. doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2004.10.014 Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fc9c/13f0187d3967217aa82cc96c188427e29ec9.pdf Martins, L. L., & Kellermanns, F. W. (2004). A model of business school students' acceptance of a web-based course management system. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(1), 7-26. doi: 10.5465/AMLE.2004.12436815 Mayes, J. T. (2001). Quality in an e-University. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 26, 465-473. doi:10.1080/02602930120082032 McCabe, S. (2007). A brief history of the paralegal profession. Michigan Bar Journal, 86(7), 18-21. Retrieved from https://www.michbar.org/file/barjournal/article/documents/pdf4article1177.pdf McMillan, J. H. (2008). Educational Research: Fundamentals for the customer. Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Myers, C. B., Bennett, D., Brown, G., & Henderson, T. (2004). Emerging online learning environments and student learning: An analysis of faculty perceptions. Educational Technology & Society, 7(1), 78-86. Retrieved from http://www.ifets.info/journals/7_1/9.pdf Myers, K. (2002). Distance education: A primer. Journal of Paralegal Education & Practice, 18, 57-64. Nunnaly, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill. Otter, R. R., Seipel, S., Graeff, T., Alexander, B., Boraiko, C., Gray, J., Petersen, K., & Sadler, K. (2013). Comparing student and faculty perceptions of online and traditional courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 19, 27-35. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.08.001 Popham, W. J. (2000). Modern educational measurement: Practical guidelines for educational leaders. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Rich, A. J., & Dereshiwsky, M. I. (2011). Assessing the comparative effectiveness of teaching undergraduate intermediate accounting in the online classroom format. Journal of College Teaching and Learning, 8(9), 19. https://www.cluteinstitute.com/ojs/index.php/TLC/ Robinson, C., & Hullinger, H. (2008). New benchmarks in higher education: Student engagement in online learning. The Journal of Education for Business, 84(2), 101-109. Retrieved from http://anitacrawley.net/Resources/Articles/New%20Benchmarks%20in%20Higher%20Education.pdf Salkind, N. J. (2008). Statistics for people who think they hate statistics. Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications. Santos, J. (1999, April). Cronbach's Alpha: A tool for assessing the reliability of scales. Journal of Extension, 37, 2. Retrieved from https://www.joe.org/joe/1999april/tt3.php Seok, S., DaCosta, B., Kinsell, C., & Tung, C. K. (2010). Comparison of instructors' and students' perceptions of the effectiveness of online courses. Quarterly Review of Distance Education, 11(1), 25. Retrieved from http://online.nuc.edu/ctl_en/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Online-education-effectiviness.pdf Sheridan, K., & Kelly, M. A. (2010). The indicators of instructor presence that are important to students in online courses. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 6(4), 767-779. Retrieved from http://jolt.merlot.org/vol6no4/sheridan_1210.pdf Shook, B. L., Greer, M. J., & Campbell, S. (2013). Student perceptions of online instruction. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 6(4), 337. Retrieved from https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34496977/Ophoff.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1508119686&Signature=J1lJ8VO0xardd%2FwH35pGj14UeBg%3D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DStudent_Perceptions_of_Online_Learning.pdf Song, L., Singleton, E. S., Hill, J. R., & Koh, M. H. (2004). Improving online learning: Student perceptions of useful and challenging characteristics. The Internet and Higher Education, 7, 59-70. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2003.11.003 Steiner, S. D., & Hyman, M. R. (2010). Improving the student experience: Allowing students enrolled in a required course to select online or face-to-face instruction. 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ERWIN, TERRY L. "The beetle family Carabidae of Costa Rica: The genus Epikastea Liebke of the Plochonida Group, with new Neotropical species and notes on their way of life (Insecta: Coleoptera, Lebiini, Agrina)". Zootaxa 790, n.º 1 (22 de diciembre de 2004): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.790.1.1.

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Genus Epikastea Liebke 1936, of the Plochionida Group of Subtribe Agrina, Lebiini, with six species is revised. Subtribe Agrina consists of those species formerly included in the Subtribe Calleidina. The species of Epikastea Liebke 1936 are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. One species occurs in Costa Rica; five are new South American species and are here assigned to this genus. The five new species described are: Epikastea biolat Erwin, n. sp. (PER , MADRE DE DIOS, Rio Manu, BIOLAT Biodiversity Station, Pakitza Guard Station, 356m, 11 56 47 S, 071 17 00 W), Epikastea grace Erwin, n. sp. (PER , LORETO, Samiria River, Camp Manco Capac, 04 43 0 S, 074 18 0 W), Epikastea mancocapac Erwin, n. sp. (PER , LORETO, Samiria River, Camp Manco Capac, 04 43 0 S, 074 18 0 W), Epikastea piranha Erwin, n. sp. (ECUADOR. ORELLANA, Hauorani Territory, Camp Pira a, 0 39' 25.685" S, 76 27' 10.813" W), Epikastea poguei Erwin, n. sp. (PER , MADRE DE DIOS, Rio Manu, BIOLAT Biodiversity Station, Pakitza Guard Station, 356m, 11 56 47 S, 071 17 00 W). A definition of the Plochionida Group and an identification key to the Western Hemisphere genera included are provided. A key to the known species of Epikastea Liebke is given. Distribution data are provided for all species and a map is provided for the Costa Rican taxon. Adults of Epikastea Liebke have been found on rotting logs in rainforests and fogged from the canopy of tropical trees and palms.

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Gomez-Centeno, A., M. Ramentol, M. J. Gonzalez y C. Alegre. "AB0952 COENZYME Q10, TRYPTOPHAN AND MAGNESIUM: A NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF FIBROMYALGIA SYMPTOMS". Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (junio de 2020): 1773.1–1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.5531.

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Background:Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a multidimensional chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction, depressive episodes, and anxiety [1]. Management of FMS remains challenging and treatment strategies are required to be multidisciplinary. Among nonpharmacological therapies, nutrition is a promising tool, since oxidative stress and/or an imbalance of nutritional components have demonstrated to play a critical role in the pathophysiology of FMS [2,3].Objectives:We conducted a pilot study (FATMIA Study) to investigate the efficacy and tolerability of a dietary supplementation (NSC) containing coenzyme Q10, magnesium and tryptophan in FMS patients.Methods:This was a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period pilot study conducted between March 2017-October 2017. All patients underwent two 3-month treatments with NSC and placebo, with a 1-month washout period in between. To evaluate the most prevalent clinical manifestations of FMS, the Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia questionnaire (ICAF) [4] was used. A sample of 23 patients aged from 18 to 80 years, with a formal diagnosis of fibromyalgia of at least two years, was included in the study.Results:Twenty patients completed the study, while three (13.0%) dropped out because they failed to attend all clinical visits (n=2) or presented an adverse event (n=1). Participant demographics are presented in Table 1. All participants were female with a mean age of 51.9 (7.2) years. Depression and anxiety were reported in 65.0% (13/20) and 30.0% (6/20) of cases, respectively. All patients were under pharmacological treatment for FMS symptoms. The most commonly reported medications were paracetamol (60.0%, 12/20), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (45.0%, 9/20), and tramadol (40.0%, 8/20). Physical symptoms such as fatigue, functional capacity, pain and sleep quality improved at the end of the study treatment, whereas they mainly declined after placebo treatment. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the studied variables. Total ICAF score improved after NSC treatment, and declined after placebo treatment. NSC treatment was well tolerated, with a low incidence of adverse events (5.0%, 1/20).Table 1.Patient demographicsParameterValueAge, years [mean (SD]51.9 (7.2)Sex (F/M)20/0Weight, kg [mean (SD]69.3 (13.1)Height, cm [mean (SD]160.4 (6.5)Years since first FMS diagnosis [mean (SD)]7.7 (6.3)Occupational status, n (%) Working full-time/part-time10 (50.0) At home3 (15.0) Not working/receiving pension5 (25.0) Retired or unemployed2 (10.0)Smoking patients, n (%)8 (40.0)Patients on alcohol consumption, n (%)0 (0.0)Patients on physical activity, n (%)2 (10.0)F/M: female/maleConclusion:The results of this study constitute the first investigation of the effect of a nutritional supplement containing CoQ10, magnesium and tryptophan on FMS. Although the results should be confirmed in larger studies, they suggest that NSC treatment for 3 months, in addition to pharmacological therapy, may be of interest in the management of FMS. This treatment appeared to primarily improve physical symptoms, such as fatigue and pain, with low risk of adverse events.References:[1]Macfarlane GJ, Kronisch C, Dean L, Atzeni F, Häuser W, Fluss E. EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;76:1–11.[2]Cordero MD. Estrés oxidativo en la fibromialgia: fisiopatología e implicaciones clínicas. Reumatol Clin. 2011;7:281-3.[3]Bjørklund G, Dadar M, Chirumbolo S, Aaseth J. Fibromyalgia and nutrition: Therapeutic possibilities? Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;103:531-538.[4]Vallejo MA, Rivera J, Esteve-Vives J. ICAF Group. Development of a self-reporting tool to obtain a Combined Index of Severity of Fibromyalgia (ICAF). Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2010;8:2.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Yang, Suhang, Jie Liang, Xiaodong Li, Yuru Yi, Ziqian Zhu, Xin Li, Xuwu Chen, Shuai Li, Yeqing Zhai y Ziming Pei. "The Impacts of Hydrology and Climate on Hydrological Connectivity in a Complex River–Lake Floodplain System Based on High Spatiotemporal Resolution Images". Water 14, n.º 12 (7 de junio de 2022): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121836.

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The drivers that determine the hydrological connectivity (HC) are complex and interrelated, and disentangling this complexity will improve the administration of the river–lake interconnection system. Dongting Lake, as a typical river–lake interconnected system, is freely connected with the Yangtze River and their HC plays a major role in keeping the system healthy. Climate, hydrology, and anthropogenic activities are associated with the HC. In this study, hydrological drivers were divided into the total flow of three inlets (T-flow) and the total flow of four tributaries (F-flow). To elucidate the HC of the Dongting Lake, HC was calculated by geostatistical methods in association with Sentinel-2 remote sensing images. Then, the structural equation model (SEM) was used to quantify the impacts of hydrology (F-flow, and T-flow) and meteorology (precipitation, evaporation, and temperature) on HC. The geostatistical analysis results demonstrated that the HC showed apparent seasonal change. For East and West Dongting Lake, the dominant element was north–south hydrological connectivity (N–S HC), and the restricted was west–east hydrological connectivity (W-E HC), but the dominant element was E–W HC and the restricted was N–S HC in South Dongting Lake. The results of SEM showed that N–S HC was mainly explained by T-flow (r = 0.49, p < 0.001) and F-flow (r = 0.28, p < 0.05). T-flow, temperature (r = 0.33, p < 0.05), and F-flow explained E–W HC. The finding of this work supports the management of both the Dongting Lake floodplain and other similar river–lake floodplain systems.

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Oz, Nurtac, Bayram Topal y Halil Ibrahim Uzun. "Prediction of Water Quality in Riva River Watershed". Ecological Chemistry and Engineering S 26, n.º 4 (1 de diciembre de 2019): 727–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eces-2019-0051.

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Abstract The Riva River is a water basin located within the borders of Istanbul in the Marmara Region (Turkey) in the south-north direction. Water samples were taken for the 35 km drainage area of the Riva River Basin before the river flows into the Black Sea at 4 stations on the Riva River every month and analyses were carried out. Changes were observed in the quality of water from upstream to downstream. For this purpose, the spatial and temporal variations of water quality were investigated using 13 water quality variables with the ANOVA test. It was observed that COD, DO, S and BOD were important in determining the spatial variation. On the other hand, it was found out that all the variables were effective in determining the temporal variation. Moreover, the correlation analysis which was carried out in order to assess the relations between water quality variables showed that the variables of BOD-COD, BOD-EC, COD-EC, BOD-T and COD-T were correlated and the regression analysis showed that COD, TKN and NH4-N explained BOD and BOD, NH4-N, T and TSS explained COD by approximately 80 %. Consequently, the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Tree and Logistic Regression models were developed using the data of training set in order to predict the water quality classes of the variables of COD, BOD and NH4-N. Quality classes were predicted for the variables by inputting the data of testing set into the developed models. According to these results, it was seen that the ANN was the best prediction model for COD, the Decision Tree for BOD and the ANN and Decision Tree for NH4-N.

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Fitria Budi Utami. "The Implementation of Eating Healthy Program in Early Childhood". JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/141.09.

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Eating habits develop during the first years of a child's life, children learn what, when, and how much to eat through direct experience with food and by observing the eating habits of others. The aim of this study is to get a clear picture of the Eating program Healthy, starting from the planning, implementation, supervision, and evaluation as a case study of nutrition education; to get information about the advantages, disadvantages and effects of implementing a healthy eating program for children. This research was conducted through a case study with qualitative data analysed using Miles and Huberman techniques. Sample of children in Ananda Islāmic School Kindergarten. The results showed the Healthy Eating program could be implemented well, the diet was quite varied and could be considered a healthy and nutritious food. The visible impact is the emotion of pleasure experienced by children, children become fond of eating vegetables, and make children disciplined and responsible. Inadequate results were found due to the limitations of an adequate kitchen for cooking healthy food, such as cooking activities still carried out by the cook himself at the Foundation's house which is located not far from the school place; use of melamine and plastic cutlery for food; the spoon and fork used already uses aluminium material but still does not match its size; does not involve nutritionists. Keywords: Early Childhood, Eating Healthy Program References: Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, Albert. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education and Behavior, 31(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104263660 Battjes-Fries, M. C. E., Haveman-Nies, A., Renes, R. J., Meester, H. J., & Van’T Veer, P. (2015). Effect of the Dutch school-based education programme “Taste Lessons” on behavioural determinants of taste acceptance and healthy eating: A quasi-experimental study. Public Health Nutrition, 18(12), 2231–2241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014003012 Birch, L., Savage, J. S., & Ventura, A. (2007). Influences on the Development of Children’s Eating Behaviours: From Infancy to Adolescence. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research : A Publication of Dietitians of Canada = Revue Canadienne de La Pratique et de La Recherche En Dietetique : Une Publication Des Dietetistes Du Canada, 68(1), s1– s56. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19430591%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/a rticlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC2678872 Coulthard, H., Williamson, I., Palfreyman, Z., & Lyttle, S. (2018). Evaluation of a pilot sensory play intervention to increase fruit acceptance in preschool children. Appetite, 120, 609–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.011 Coulthard, Helen, & Sealy, A. (2017). Play with your food! Sensory play is associated with tasting of fruits and vegetables in preschool children. Appetite, 113, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.003 Crain, W. C. (2005). Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Dazeley, P., Houston-Price, C., & Hill, C. (2012). Should healthy eating programmes incorporate interaction with foods in different sensory modalities? A review of the evidence. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(5), 769–777. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511007343 Derscheid, L. E., Umoren, J., Kim, S. Y., Henry, B. W., & Zittel, L. L. (2010). Early childhood teachers’ and staff members’ perceptions of nutrition and physical activity practices for preschoolers. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 24(3), 248–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2010.487405 Eliassen, E. K. (2011). The impact of teachers and families on young children’s eating behaviors. YC Young Children, 66(2), 84–89. Elliott, E., Isaacs, M., & Chugani, C. (2010). Promoting Self-Efficacy in Early Career Teachers: A Principal’s Guide for Differentiated Mentoring and Supervision. Florida Journal of Educational Administration & Policy, 4(1), 131–146. Emm, S., Harris, J., Halterman, J., Chvilicek, S., & Bishop, C. (2019). Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Reservation and Off-reservation Kindergarten Students in Nevada. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2019.09b.014 Flynn, M. A. T. (2015). Empowering people to be healthier: Public health nutrition through the Ottawa Charter. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74(3), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511400161X Franciscato, S. J., Janson, G., Machado, R., Lauris, J. R. P., de Andrade, S. M. J., & Fisberg, M. (2019). Impact of the nutrition education Program Nutriamigos® on levels of awareness on healthy eating habits in school-aged children. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 29(3), 390–402. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v29.9538 Froehlich Chow, A., & Humbert, M. L. (2014). Perceptions of early childhood educators: Factors influencing the promotion of physical activity opportunities in Canadian rural care centers. Child Indicators Research, 7(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9202-x Graham, H., Feenstra, G., Evans, A. M., & Zidenberg-Cherr, S. (2002). Healthy Eating Habits in Children. California Agriculture, 58(4), 200–205. Gucciardi, E., Nagel, R., Szwiega, S., Chow, B. Y. Y., Barker, C., Nezon, J., ... Butler, A. (2019). Evaluation of a Sensory-Based Food Education Program on Fruit and V egetable Consumption among Kindergarten Children. Journal of Child Nutrition & Management, 43(1). Holley, C. E., Farrow, C., & Haycraft, E. (2017). A Systematic Review of Methods for Increasing Vegetable Consumption in Early Childhood. Current Nutrition Reports, 6(2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-017-0202-1 Hoppu, U., Prinz, M., Ojansivu, P., Laaksonen, O., & Sandell, M. A. (2015). Impact of sensory- based food education in kindergarten on willingness to eat vegetables and berries. Food and Nutrition Research, 59, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.28795 Jarpe-Ratner, E., Folkens, S., Sharma, S., Daro, D., & Edens, N. K. (2016). An Experiential Cooking and Nutrition Education Program Increases Cooking Self-Efficacy and Vegetable Consumption in Children in Grades 3–8. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48(10), 697-705.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.07.021 Jones, A. M., & Zidenberg-Cherr, S. (2015). Exploring Nutrition Education Resources and Barriers, and Nutrition Knowledge in Teachers in California. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.06.011 Jung, T., Huang, J., Eagan, L., & Oldenburg, D. (2019). Influence of school-based nutrition education program on healthy eating literacy and healthy food choice among primary school children. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 57(2), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2018.1552177 Lwin, M. O., Malik, S., Ridwan, H., & Sum Au, C. S. (2017). Media exposure and parental mediation on fast-food consumption among children in metropolitan and suburban Indonesian. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26(5), 899–905. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.122016.04 Mc Kenna, & L, M. (2010). Policy Options to Support Healthy Eating in Schools. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101(2), S14–S18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405619 Menkes, R. PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2014. , Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia § (2014). Mitsopoulou, A. V., Magriplis, E., Dimakopoulos, I., Karageorgou, D., Bakogianni, I., Micha, R., ... Zampelas, A. (2019). Association of meal and snack patterns with micronutrient intakes among Greek children and adolescents: data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 32(4), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12639 Moffitt, A. (2019). Early Childhood Educators and the Development of Family Literacy Programs: A Qualitative Case Study. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 96. Retrieved from http://proxy.mul.missouri.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2242479347 ?accountid=14576%0Ahttps://library.missouri.edu/findit?genre=dissertations+%26+theses &title=Early+Childhood+Educators+and+the+Development+of+Family+Literacy+Progra ms%3A+ Mustonen, S., & Tuorila, H. (2010). Sensory education decreases food neophobia score and encourages trying unfamiliar foods in 8-12-year-old children. Food Quality and Preference, 21(4), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2009.09.001 Myszkowska-Ryciak, J., & Harton, A. (2019). Eating healthy, growing healthy: Outcome evaluation of the nutrition education program optimizing the nutritional value of preschool menus, Poland. Nutrients, 11(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102438 Nekitsing, C., Hetherington, M. M., & Blundell-Birtill, P. (2018). Developing Healthy Food Preferences in Preschool Children Through Taste Exposure, Sensory Learning, and Nutrition Education. Current Obesity Reports, 7(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679- 018-0297-8 Noura, M. S. pd. (2018). Child nutrition programs in kindergarten schools implemented by the governmental sector and global nutrition consulting companies: A systematic review. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 6(3), 656–663. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.6.3.07 Oh, S. M., Yu, Y. L., Choi, H. I., & Kim, K. W. (2012). Implementation and Evaluation of Nutrition Education Programs Focusing on Increasing Vegetables, Fruits and Dairy Foods Consumption for Preschool Children. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition, 17(5), 517. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.517 Osera, T., Tsutie, S., & Kobayashi, M. (2016). Using Soybean Products in School Lunch for Health Education may improve Children’s Attitude and Guardians’ Knowledge in Kindergarten. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behaviour, 04(05). https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000310 Park, B. K., & Cho, M. S. (2016). Taste education reduces food neophobia and increases willingness to try novel foods in school children. Nutrition Research and Practice, 10(2), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2016.10.2.221 Pendidikan, K., & Kebudayaan, D. A. N. Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 137 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. , (2015). Prima, E., Yuliantina, I., Nurfadillah, Handayani, I., Riana, & Ganesa, R. eni. (2017). Layanan Kesehatan,Gizi dan Perawatan. Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Resor, J., Hegde, A. V., & Stage, V. C. (2020). Pre-service early childhood educators’ perceived barriers and supports to nutrition education. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 00(00), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2020.1740841 Rizqie Aulianaca5804p200-169314. (2011). Gizi Seimbang Dan Makanan Sehat Untuk Anak Usia Dini. Journal of Nutrition and Food Research, 2(1), 1–12. Retrieved from http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pengabdian/rizqie-auliana-dra-mkes/gizi-seimbang- dan-makanan-sehat-untuk-anak-usia-dini.pdf Sandell, M., Mikkelsen, B. E., Lyytikäinen, A., Ojansivu, P., Hoppu, U., Hillgrén, A., & Lagström, H. (2016). Future for food education of children. Futures, 83, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.04.006 Schanzenbach, D. W., & Thorn, B. (2019). Food Support Programs and Their Impacts on Young Children. Health Affairs, (march). Retrieved from https://www.healthaffairs.org/briefs Schmitt, S. A., Bryant, L. M., Korucu, I., Kirkham, L., Katare, B., & Benjamin, T. (2019). The effects of a nutrition education curriculum on improving young children’s fruit and vegetable preferences and nutrition and health knowledge. Public Health Nutrition, 22(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002586 Sekiyama, M., Roosita, K., & Ohtsuka, R. (2012). Snack foods consumption contributes to poor nutrition of rural children in West Java, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 21(4), 558–567. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2012.21.4.11 Sepp, H., & Ho, K. (2016). Food as a tool for learning in everyday activities at preschool exploratory study from Sweden. Food & Nurtition Research, 1, 1–7. Shor, R., & Friedman, A. (2009). Integration of nutrition-related components by early childhood education professionals into their individual work with children at risk. Early Child Development and Care, 179(4), 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430701269218 Taylor, C. M., & Emmett, P. M. (2019). Picky eating in children: Causes and consequences. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 78(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002586 Taylor, C. M., Steer, C. D., Hays, N. P., & Emmett, P. M. (2019). Growth and body composition in children who are picky eaters: a longitudinal view. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(6), 869–878. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0250-7 Unusan, N. (2007). Effects of a food and nutrition course on the self-reported knowledge and behavior of preschool teacher candidates. Early Childhood Education Journal, 34(5), 323– 327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-006-0116-9 Usfar, A. A., Iswarawanti, D. N., Davelyna, D., & Dillon, D. (2010). Food and Personal Hygiene Perceptions and Practices among Caregivers Whose Children Have Diarrhea: A Qualitative Study of Urban Mothers in Tangerang, Indonesia. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 42(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2009.03.003 Witt, K. E., & Dunn, C. (2012). Increasing Fruit and V egetable Consumption among Preschoolers: Evaluation of Color Me Healthy. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 44(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2011.01.002

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16

Campos, Paula Nepomuceno, Rosildo Santos Paiva, Ana Cristina Teixeira Bonecker, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de Melo, Glauber David Almeida Palheta, Cristiane Teixeira Contente y Caio Aguiar Rodrigues Ramos. "First occurrence of Dolicholagus longirostris larvae (Maul 1948) (Osmeriformes, Bathylagidae) near the mouth of the Amazon River". Biota Neotropica 7, n.º 1 (2007): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032007000100026.

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The family Bathylagidae contains eight genera and 22 species, of which only five occur in the Southwest Atlantic. Until recently, only adult specimens of the bathylaginin Melanolagus bericoides had been recorded off southern Brazil, between the Santa Marta Cape and Rio Grande (31° S and 49° W). The present work reports the first occurrence of Dolicholagus longirostris larvae on the northern Brazilian coast, expanding its distribution in the Southwest Atlantic. The two specimens found were collected near the mouth of the Amazon River (02° 00' 19" N, 47° 03' 30" W, and 00° 49' 06" N, 46° 25' 09" W).

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17

GARRISON, ROSSER W. y NATALIA VON ELLENRIEDER. "New species of the damselfly genus Argia from Mexico, Central America and Ecuador with an emphasis on Costa Rica (Insecta: Odonata: Coenagrionidae)". Zootaxa 4235, n.º 1 (20 de febrero de 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4235.1.1.

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Seven new species of Argia are described, five of which occur in Costa Rica: Argia calverti n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Cartago Prov., Tapantí Reserve, 1,310 m, 6 vii 1963, F. G. Thompson leg., in FSCA); Argia carolus n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, San José Prov., El Rodeo Biological Reserve, 7 km W of Villa Colón, 9°54' N, 84°16' W, 561 m, 10–13 vii 1990, T. W. Donnelly leg., in FSCA); Argia elongata n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Cartago Prov., Reventazón river, SE of Turrialba by highway 10, 9°52'56'' N, 83°38'49'' W, 561 m, 10 viii 1979, R. W. & J. A. Garrison leg., in CSCA); Argia haberi n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, San José Prov., Bosque del Tolomuco, km 118 on Pan American highway, in seeps and trickles through brushy pasture on forested hillside, 9°28'18'' N, 83°41'48'' W, 1,710 m, 27 iii 2006, F. Sibley leg., in FSCA); Argia schorri n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Costa Rica, Puntarenas Prov., 2.8 mi E of Golfito, 8°39' N, 83°7' W, 35 m, 4 vii 1967, O. S. Flint, Jr. & M. A. Ortiz B. leg., in USNM), and two which are so far only known from Mexico and Ecuador respectively: Argia rudolphi n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Mexico, Puebla State, Zihuateutla, Sierra de Huauchinango, La Unión, in drainage area, 20°14'25'' N, 97°53'38'' W, 596 m, 21 v 1987, R. Novelo & A. Gómez leg., in CSCA) and Argia schneideri n. sp. (Holotype ♂, Ecuador, Napo Prov., Las Palmas, on Anzu river in Napo river watershed, 11 xii 1936, W. Clark-MacIntyre leg., in UMMZ). All the new species, as well as closely related species needed for diagnosis including A. anceps Garrison, A. cupraurea Calvert, A. cuprea (Hagen), A. extranea (Hagen), A. fissa Selys, A. fulgida Navás, A. oenea Hagen in Selys, A. popoluca Calvert, A. rhoadsi Calvert, and A. westfalli Garrison, are illustrated and diagnosed from their congeners and their known distribution areas are mapped.

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18

Utomo, Muhajir, Irwan Sukri Banuwa, Henrie Buchari, Yunita Anggraini y Berthiria. "Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields". JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 18, n.º 2 (12 de junio de 2013): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.v18i2.131-139.

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The impact of agricultural intensification on soil degradation now is occurring in tropical countries. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of long-term tillage and N fertilization on soil properties and crop yields in corn-soybean rotation. This long-term study which initiated since 1987 was carried out on a Typic Fragiudult soil at Politeknik Negeri Lampung, Sumatra (105o13’45.5"-105o13’48.0"E, 05o21’19.6"-05o21’19.7"S) in 2010 and 2011. A factorial experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was tillage system namely intensive tillage (IT) and conservation tillage (CT) which consist of minimum tillage (MT) and no-tillage (NT); while the second factor was N fertilization with rates of 0, 100 and 200 kg N ha-1 applied for corn, and 0, 25, and 50 kg N ha-1 for soybean. The results showed that bulk density and soil strength at upper layer after 24 years of cropping were similar among treatments, but the soil strength under IT at 50-60 cm depth was 28.2% higher (p<0.05) than NT. Soil moisture and temperature under CT at 0-5 cm depth were respectively 38.1% and 4.5% higher (p<0.05) than IT. High N rate decreased soil pH at 0-20 cm depth as much as 10%, but increased total soil N at 0-5 cm depth as much as 19% (p<0.05). At 0-10 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable K, while IT with medium N rate had the lowest (p<0.05). At 0-5 cm depth, MT with no N had highest exchangeable Ca, but it had the lowest (p<0.05) if combined with higher N rate. Microbial biomass C throughout the growing season for NT was consistently highest and it was 14.4% higher (p<0.05) than IT. Compared to IT, Ap horizon of CT after 24 years of cropping was deeper, with larger soil structure and more abundance macro pores. Soybean and corn yields for long-term CT were 64.3% and 31.8% higher (p<0.05) than IT, respectively. Corn yield for long-term N with rate of 100 kg N ha-1 was 36.4% higher (p<0.05) than with no N.Keywords: Conservation tillage, crop yields, N fertilization, soil properties[How to Cite: Utomo M, IS Banuwa, H Buchari, Y Anggraini and Berthiria. 2013.Long-term Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Properties and Crop Yields. J Trop Soils 18 (2): 131-139. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.2.131] REFERENCESAl-Kaisi and X Yin. 2005. Tillage and crop residue effects on soil carbon dioxide emission in corn- soybean rotation. J Environ Qual 34: 437-445. Pub Med. Barak P, BO Jobe, AR Krueger, LA Peterson and DA Laird. 1997. Effects of long-term soilacidification due to nitrogen inputs in Wisconsin. Plant Soil 197: 61-69.Blake GR and KH Hartge. 1986. Bulk density. In: A Klute (ed). Methods of Soil Analysis. ASA and SSSA. Madison, Wisconsin, USA, pp. 363-375.Blanco-Canqui H and R Lal. 2008. No-till and soil-profile carbon sequestration: an on farm assessment. Soil Sci Soc Am J 72: 693-701. Blanco-Canqui H, LR Stone and PW Stahlman. 2010. Soil response to long-term cropping systems on an Argiustoll in the Central Great Plains. Soil Sci Soc Am J 74: 602-611.Blevins RL, MS Smith, GW Thomas and WW Frye. 1983. Influence of conservation tillage on soil properties. J Soil Water Conserv 38: 301-305.Blevins RL, GW Thomas and PL Cornelius. 1977 Influence of no-tillage and nitrogen fertilization on certain soil properties after 5 years of continuous corn. Agron J 69: 383-386.Blevins, RL and WF Frye, 1993. Conservation tillage: an ecological approach to soil management. Adv Agron 51: 34-77.Brady NC and RR Weil. 2008. The nature and properties of soils. Pearson Prentice Hall. Fourteenth Edition. New Jersey, 965 p.Brito-Vega, H, D Espinosa-Victoria, C Fragoso, D Mendoza, N De la Cruz Landaro and A Aldares-Chavez. 2009. Soil organic particle and presence of earthworm under different tillage systems. J Biol Sci 9: 180-183.Derpch, R 1998. Historical review of no-tilage cultivation of crops. JIRCAS Working Rep. JAPAN Int Res Ctr for Agric Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan 13: 1-18. Diaz-Zorita, M., JH Grove, L Murdock, J Herbeck and E Perfect. 2004. Soil structural disturbance effects on crop yields and soil properties in a no-till production system. Agron J 96: 1651-1659.Dickey EC, PJ Jasa and RD Grisso. 1994. Long-term tillage effect on grain yield and soil properties in a soybean/grain sorghum Rotation. J Prod Agric 7: 465 - 470.Edwards WM, LD, Norton, CE, Redmond. 1988. Characterizing macro pores that affect infiltration into non tilled soil. Soil Sci Soc Am J 52: 483-487.Fernandez RO, PG Fernandez, JVG Cervera and FP Torres. 2007 Soil properties and crop yields after 21 years of direct drilling trials in southern Spain. Soil Till Res 94: 47-54.Fengyun Z, W Pute, Z Xining and C Xuefeng. 2011. The effects of no-tillage practice on soil physical properties. Afr J Biotech 10: 17645-17650. Havlin, JL, JD Beaton, SM Tisdale and WL Nelson. 2005. Soil Fertility and Fertilizer: an Introduction to Nutrient Management. Pearson Prantice Hall. Sevent Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 515 p.Karlen DL, NC Wollenhaupt, DC Erbach, EC Berry, JB Swan, NS Eash and JL Jordahl. 1994. Crop residue effects on soil quality following 10-years of no-till corn. Soil Till Res 31: 149-167.Kumar A and DS Yadav. 2005. Effect of zero and minimum tillage in conjunction with nitrogen management in wheat (Triticum aestivum ) after rice (Oryza sativa.). Indian J Agron 50 (1): 54-57.Lal R. 1989. Conservation tillage for sustainable agriculture: tropics versus temperate environment. Adv Agron 42: 85-197.Lal R. 1997. Residue management, conservation tillage and soil restoration for mitigating greenhouse effect by CO2 enrichment. Soil Till Res 43: 81-107.Lal R. 2007. Soil science in a changing climate. CSA New 52: 1-9.Mallory J J, RH Mohtar, GC Heathman, DG Schulze and E Braudeau. 2011. Evaluating the effect of tillage on soil structural properties using the pedostructure concept. Geoderma 163: 141-149. doi:10.1016/ j.geoderma. 2011.01.018. 9p.Paustian K, HP Collins and EA Paul. 1997. Management control on soil carbon. In: EA Paul, ET Elliot, K Paustian and CV Cole (eds). Soil Organic Matter in Temperate Agro-ecosystems: Long-term Experiment in North America. CRC Press, pp. 15-50.Rasmussen, KJ. 1999. Impact of ploughless soil tillage on yield and soil quality: A Scandinavian review. Soil Till Res 53: 3-14.Quintero M. 2009. Effects of conservation tillage in soil carbon sequestration and net revenues of potato-based rotations in the Colombian Andes. [Thesis], University of Florida, USA. SAS [Statistical Analysis System] Institute. 2003. The SAS system for windows. Release 9.1. SASInst Inc, Cary, NC.Singh A and J Kaur. 2012. Impact of conservation tillage on soil properties in rice-wheat cropping system. Agric Sci Res J 2: 30-41.Six, J, SD Frey, RK Thiet and KM Batten. 2006. Bacterial and fungal contributions to carbon sequestration in agroecosystems. Soil Sci Soc Am J 70: 555-569.Smith JL and HP Collins. 2007. Management of organisms and their processes in soils. In: EA Paul (ed). Soil Microbiology, Ecology and Biochemistry. Third Edition. Academic Press, Burlington, USA, 532 p.Stockfisch N, T Forstreuter, W Ehlers. 1999. Ploughing effects on soil organic matter after twenty years of conservation tillage in Lower Saxony, Germany. Soil Till Res 52: 91-101.Tarkalson, DD, GW Hergertb and KG Cassmanc. 2006. Long-term effects of tillage on soil chemical properties and grain yields of a dryland winter wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation in the great plains. Agron J 26: 26-33. Thomas GA, RC Dalal, J Standley. 2007. No-till effect on organic matter, pH, cation exchange capacity and nutrient distribution in a Luvisol in the semi-arid subtropics. Soil Till Res 94: 295-304.Utomo M, H Suprapto and Sunyoto. 1989. Influence of tillage and nitrogen fertilization on soil nitrogen, decomposition of alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) and corn production of alang-alang land. In: J van der Heide (ed.). Nutrient management for food crop production in tropical farming systems. Institute for Soil Fertility (IB), pp. 367-373.Utomo M. 2004. Olah tanah konservasi untuk budidaya jagung berkelanjutan. Prosiding Seminar Nasional IX Budidaya Pertanian Olah Tanah Konservasi. Gorontalo, 6-7 Oktober, 2004, pp. 18-35 (in Indonesian).Utomo M, A Niswati, Dermiyati, M R Wati, AF Raguan and S Syarif. 2010. Earthworm and soil carbon sequestration after twenty one years of continuous no-tillage corn-legume rotation in Indonesia. JIFS 7: 51-58.Utomo M, H Buchari, IS Banuwa, LK Fernando and R Saleh. 2012. Carbon storage and carbon dioxide emission as influenced by long-term conservation tillage and nitrogen fertilization in corn-soybean rotation. J Trop Soil 17: 75-84.Wang W, RC Dalal and PW Moody. 2001. Evaluation of the microwave irradiation method for measuring soil microbial biomass. Soil Sci Soc Am J 65: 1696-1703.Wright AL and FM Hons. 2004. Soil aggregation and carbon and nitrogen storage under soybean cropping sequences. Soil Sci Soc Am J 68: 507-513. Zibilske LM, JM Bradford and JR Smart. 2002. Conservation tillage induced change in organic carbon, total nitrogen and available phosphorus in a semi-arid alkaline subtropical soil. Soil Till Res 66: 153-163.

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19

Chiu, Huang, Chen y Yeh. "Fluorescence Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM) in Percolation Water and Lateral Seepage Affected by Soil Solution (S-S) in a Lysimeter Test". Sensors 19, n.º 18 (17 de septiembre de 2019): 4016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19184016.

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: The composition and structure of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are sensitive indicators that guide the water infiltration process in soil. The DOM chemical composition in seepage affects river water quality and changes soil organic matter (SOM). In this lysimeter test study, fluorescence spectra and optical indices were used to examine the interaction between the percolation water (P-W) and leachate water (L-W) DOMs affected by the soil solution (S-S). The L-W DOM had a higher aromaticity (SUVA254), average molecular weight (S275-295) and terrestrial source (fluorescence index (FI)), but fewer autochthonous sources (biological index (BIX)) than the P-W DOM. Organic carbon standardization (OCS) and protein- (PLF), fulvic- (FLF) and humic-like fluorescence (HLF) intensity showed that L-W DOM increased 44%, 55% and 81%, respectively, compared to the P-W DOM. The linear regression slopes between OCS FLF and PLF were 0.62, 1.74 and 1.79 for P-W, L-W and S-S, respectively. The slopes between OCS HLF and PLF were 0.15, 0.58 and 0.64 for P-W, L-W and S-S, respectively. The P-W DOM was in contact with the soil litter layer, where S-S labile lignin phenolic compounds released and dissolved into the L-W DOM. This increased its aromaticity, and extent of humification.

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20

Jung, Thomas S., Troy D. Pretzlaw y David W. Nagorsen. "Northern Range Extension of the Pygmy Shrew, Sorex hoyi, in the Yukon". Canadian Field-Naturalist 121, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2007): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v121i1.402.

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A Pygmy Shrew, Sorex hoyi, was captured in a pitfall trap on the Blackstone River (65°04.6'N, 138°10.8'W) in central Yukon. This represents a northern range extension of about 110 km for S. hoyi in the Yukon.

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21

Blume, KK, JC Macedo, A. Meneguzzi, LB Silva, DM Quevedo y MAS Rodrigues. "Water quality assessment of the Sinos River, Southern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology 70, n.º 4 suppl (diciembre de 2010): 1185–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842010000600008.

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The Sinos River basin is located Northeast of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º 20' to 30º 10' S and 50º 15' to 51º20'W), Southern Brazil, covering two geomorphologic provinces: the Southern plateau and central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin and has an area of approximately 800 km², encompassing 32 municipalities. The objective of this study was to monitor water quality in the Sinos River, the largest river in this basin. Water samples were collected at four selected sites in the Sinos River, and the following parameters were analysed: pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), turbidity, fecal coliforms, total dissolved solids, temperature, nitrate, nitrite, phosphorous, chromium, lead, aluminum, zinc, iron, and copper. The results were analysed based on Resolution No. 357/2005 of the Brazilian National Environmental Council (CONAMA) regarding regulatory limits for residues in water. A second analysis was performed based on a water quality index (WQI) used by the Sinos River Basin Management Committee (COMITESINOS). Poor water quality in the Sinos River presents a worrying scenario for the region, since this river is the main source of water supply for the urban core. Health conditions found in the Sinos River, mainly in its lower reaches, are worrying and a strong indicator of human activities on the basin.

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22

Hartono, Moh. "Quality By Design dengan Metode Taguchi, Konsep dan Perkembangannya". Jurnal Teknik Industri 2, n.º 2 (29 de abril de 2010): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol2.no2.96-108.

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Industriaml anufactued evelopingis dramaticallpy rogressinngo w followedb y dinamicenvironmentacl hangesT. o give this customerv oices,i ndustrialm anufactureh ave to alwaysincreaseth e quality.I n the otherh andt hereh aveb eenc hangeos f qualityp aradigmath, at's aboutproblems olvinga nd inspectionb, ecomeq ualitye ngineeringin processa nd productw ith Robustdesigna pproachingT. his concepti dea is getting quality processa nd optimump roduct withnoticingn oisef actors,s ot hatt he losso f customercsa nb e minimized.T he Rotrusdt esigni s basedby the needso fdesigni n processa ndp roducth avea strenghtto anu ncontrolledn oisef actors.

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Sutrisno, Firdaus Zar'in y Siti Salehcah. "Local Content Curriculum Model for Early Childhood Scientific Learning". JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 15, n.º 1 (30 de abril de 2021): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.151.05.

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Curriculum material is generally considered the subject matter of information, talents, dispositions, understandings, and principles that make up research programs in the field. At a more complex level, the curricula need to contain historical and socio-political strengths, traditions, cultural views, and goals with wide differences in sovereignty, adaptation, and local understanding that encompass a diversity of cultures, laws, metaphysics, and political discourse This study aims to develop a curriculum with local content as a new approach in early childhood science learning. The Local Content Curriculum (LCC) is compiled and developed to preserve the uniqueness of local culture, natural environment, and community crafts for early childhood teachers so that they can introduce local content to early childhood. Research and model development combines the design of the Dick-Carey and Dabbagh models with qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that local content curriculum products can be supplemented into early childhood curricula in institutions according to local conditions. Curricula with local content can be used as a reinforcement for the introduction of science in early childhood. The research implication demands the concern of all stakeholders to see that the introduction of local content is very important to be given from an early age, so that children know, get used to, like, maintain, and love local wealth from an early age. Keywords: Early Childhood, Scientific Learning, Local Content Curriculum Model References: Agustin, R. S., & Puro, S. (2015). Strategy Of Curriculum Development Based On Project Based Learning (Case Study: SMAN 1 Tanta Tanjung Tabalong South Of Kalimantan ) Halaman : Prosiding Ictte Fkip Uns, 1, 202–206. Agustina, N. Q., & Mukhtaruddin, F. (2019). The Cipp Model-Based Evaluation on Integrated English Learning (IEL) Program at Language Center. English Language Teaching Educational Journal, 2(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v2i1.1043 Altinyelken, H.K. (2015). Evolution of Curriculum Systems to Improve Learning Outcomes and Reduce Disparities in School Achievement, in Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2015. Andrian, D. (2018). International Journal of Instruction. 11(4), 921–934. Andrian, D., Kartowagiran, B., & Hadi, S. (2018). The instrument development to evaluate local curriculum in Indonesia. International Journal of Instruction, 11(4), 921–934. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2018.11458a Aslan, Ö. M. (2018). From an Academician’ s Preschool Diary: Emergent Curriculum and Its Practices in a Qualified Example of Laboratory Preschool. 7(1), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v7n1p97 Bakhtiar, A. M., & Nugroho, A. S. (2016). Curriculum Development of Environmental Education Based on Local Wisdom at Elementary School. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 3(3), 20–28. Barbarin, O. A., & Wasik, B. H. (2009). Handbook of child development and early education. Guilford Press. Baron-gutty, A. (2018). Provision in Thai basic education”. March. Bodrova, E. (2008). Make-believe play versus academic skills: A Vygotskian approach to today’s dilemma of early childhood education. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 16(3), 357–369. https://doi.org/10.1080/13502930802291777 Bohling-philippi, V., Crim, C., Cutter-mackenzie, A., Edwards, C., Desjean-perrotta, B., Finch, K., Brien, L. O., & Wilson, R. (2015). International Journal of Early Childhood. 3(1), 1–103. Brooker, L., Blaise, M., & Edwards, s. (2014). The SAGE handbook of play and learning in early childhood. Sage. Broström, S. (2015). Science in Early Childhood Education. Journal of Education and Human Development, 4(2(1)). https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v4n2_1a12 Childhood, E., Needs, T., & Han, H. S. (2017). Implementing Multicultural Education for Young Children in South Korea: Implementing Multicultural Education for Young Children in South Korea: Early Childhood Teachers’ Needs 1 ). March. Dabbagh, N & Bannan-Ritland, B. (2005). Online Learning: Concepts, Strategies, and Application. Pearson Education, Inc. Dahlberg, G., Moss, P., & Pence, A. (2013). Beyond quality in early childhood education and care: Languages of evaluation. Routledge. Dahlberg, G., Moss, P., & Pence, A. (2013). Beyond quality in early childhood education and care: Languages of evaluation. Routledge. Daryanto. (2014). Pendekatan Pembelajaran Saintifik. Gava Media. Dick, C. & C. (2009). The Sistematic Design of Instruction. Upper Saddle River. Elde Mølstad, C., & Karseth, B. (2016). National curricula in Norway and Finland: The role of learning outcomes. European Educational Research Journal, 15(3), 329–344. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904116639311 Eurydice. (2018). Steering Documents and Types of Activities. Farid, MN. (2012). Peranan Muatan Lokal Materi Batik Tulis Lasem Sebagai Bentuk Pelestarian Budaya Lokal. Jurnal Komunitas, 4(1), 90–121. Fisnani, Y., Utanto, Y., Ahmadi, F., Tengah, J., Technology, E., Semarang, U. N., Education, P. T., Semarang, U. N., & Info, A. (2020). The Development of E-Module for Batik Local Content in Pekalongan Elementary. 9(23), 40–47. Fitriani, R. (2018). The Effect of Scientific Approach Applied on Scientific Literacy to Student Competency at Class VIII Junior High School 12 Padang. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies (IJPSAT), 7(1), 97–105. Fleer, M. (2015). Pedagogical positioning in play-teachers being inside and outside of children’s imaginary play. Early Child Development and Care, 185(11–12), 1801–1814. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 03004430.2015.1028393 Hakk, İ. (2011). Curriculum Reform and Teacher Autonomy in Turkey: The Case of the HistoryTeachi̇ng. International Journal of Instruction, 4(2), 113–128. Haridza, R., & Irving, K. E. (2017). The Evolution of Indonesian and American Science Education Curriculum: A Comparison Study. 9(February), 95–110. Hatch, J. A. (2012). From theory to curriculum: Developmental theory and its relationship to curriculum and instruction in early childhood education. In & D. W. N. File, J. Mueller (Ed.), Curriculum in early childhood education: Re-examined, rediscovered, renewed (pp. 42–53). Hos, R., & Kaplan-wolff, B. (2020). On and Off Script: A Teacher’ s Adaptati on of Mandated Curriculum for Refugee Newcomers in an Era of Standardization On and Off Script: A Teacher’ s Adaptati on of Mandated Curriculum for Refugee Newcomers in an Era of Standardization. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 9(1), 40–54. https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v9n1p40 Hosnan, M. (2014). Pendekatan saintifk dan kontekstual dalam pembelajaran abad 21. Ghalia Indonesia. Hussain, A., Dogar, A. H., Azeem, M., & Shakoor, A. (2011). Evaluation of Curriculum Development Process. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(14), 263–271. Maryono. (2016). The implementation of schools’ policy in the development of the local content curriculum in primary schools in Pacitan , Indonesia. Education Research and Reviews, 11(8), 891–906. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2016.2660 Masithoh, D. (2018). Teachers’ Scientific Approach Implementation in Inculcating the Students ’ Scientific Attitudes. 6(1), 32–43. Mayfield, B. J. (1995). Educational curriculum. Journal of Nutrition Education, 27(4), 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3182(12)80438-9 Muharom Albantani, A., & Madkur, A. (2018). Think Globally, Act Locally: The Strategy of Incorporating Local Wisdom in Foreign Language Teaching in Indonesia. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 7(2), 1. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.2p.1 Nasir, M. (2013). Pengembangan Kurikulum Muatan Lokal dalam Konteks Pendidikan Islam di Madrasah. Hunafa: Jurnal Studia Islamika, 10(1), 1–18. Nevenglosky, E. A., Cale, C., & Aguilar, S. P. (2019). Barriers to effective curriculum implementation. Research in Higher Education Journal, 36, 31. Nuttal, J. (2013). Weaving Te Whariki: Aotearoa New Zealand’s early childhood curriculum framework in theory and practice (2nd ed.) (2nd ed.). NZCER Press. Oates, T. (2010). Could do better: Using international comparisons to refine the National Curriculum in England. O’Gorman, L., & Ailwood, J. (2012). ‘They get fed up with playing’: Parents’ views on play-based learning in the preparatory year. Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, 13(4), 266–275. https://doi.org/10.2304/ ciec.2012.13.4.266 Orakci, S., Durnali, M., & Özkan, O. (2018). Curriculum reforms in Turkey. In Economic and Geopolitical Perspectives of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Eurasia (Issue July 2019, pp. 225–251). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3264-4.ch010 Organization for Economic and Co-Operation and Development. (2019). Change Management: Facilitating and Hindering Factors of Curriculum Implementation. 8th Informal Working Group (IWG) Meeting, 1–25. Poedjiastutie, D., Akhyar, F., Hidayati, D., & Nurul Gasmi, F. (2018). Does Curriculum Help Students to Develop Their English Competence? A Case in Indonesia. Arab World English Journal, 9(2), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol9no2.12 Prasetyo, A. (2015). Curriculum Development of Early Childhood Education through Society Empowerment as Potential Transformation of Local Wisdom in Learning. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 4(1), 30–34. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v4i1.9450 Ramdhani, S. (2019). Integrative Thematic Learning Model Based on Local Wisdom For Early Childhood Character. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 8(1), 38–45. Reifel, S. (2014). Developmental play in the classroom. In & S. E. L. Brooker, M. Blaise (Ed.), The SAGE handbook of play and learning in early childhood (pp. 157–168). Sage. Reunamo, J., & Suomela, L. (2013). Education for sustainable development in early childhood education in finland. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 15(2), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2013-0014 Saefuddin, A., & Berdiati, I. (2014). Pembelajaran efektif. Remaja Rosda Karya. Sagita, N. I., Deliarnoor, N. A., & Afifah, D. (2019). Local content curriculum implementation in the framework of nationalism and national security. Central European Journal of International and Security Studies, 13(4), 91–103. Saracho, O. (2012). An integrated play-based curriculum for young children. Routledge. Schumacher, D. H. (1995). Five Levels of Curriculum Integration Defined, Refined , and Described. Research in Middle Level Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/10825541.1995.11670055 Scott, D. (2014). Knowledge and the curriculum. The Curriculum Journal, 25(1), 14–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2013.876367 Setiawan, A., Handojo, A., & Hadi, R. (2017). Indonesian Culture Learning Application based on Android. 7(1), 526–535. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp526-535 Syarifuddin, S. (2018). The effect of using the scientific approach through concept understanding and critical thinking in science. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 6(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v6i1.15312 Ulla, M. B., & Winitkun, D. (2017). Thai learners’ linguistic needs and language skills: Implications for curriculum development. International Journal of Instruction, 10(4), 203–220. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.10412a van Oers, B. (2012). Developmental education: Foundations of a play-based curriculum. In B. van Oers (Ed.), Developmental education for young children: Concept, practice, and implementation (pp. 13–26). Springer. Wahyono, Abdulhak, I., & Rusman. (2017). Implementation of scientific approach-based learning. International Journal of Education Research, 5(8), 221–230. Wahyudin, D., & Suwirta, A. (2017). The Curriculum Implementation for Cross-Cultural and Global Citizenship Education in Indonesia Schools. EDUCARE: International Journal for Educational Studies, 10(1), 11–22. Westbrook, J., Brown, R., Pryor, J., & Salvi, F. (2013). Pedagogy, Curriculum , Teaching Practices and Teacher Education in Developing Countries. December. Wood, E., & Hedges, H. (2016). Curriculum in early childhood education: Critical questions about content, coherence, and control. The Curriculum Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2015.1129981

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Meulemans, Matthew J., Christopher S. Jones, Keith E. Schilling, Nathan C. Young y Larry J. Weber. "Assessment of Spatial Nitrate Patterns in An Eastern Iowa Watershed Using Boat-Deployed Sensors". Water 12, n.º 1 (3 de enero de 2020): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010146.

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Water quality sensors deployed on boats, buoys, and fixed monitoring stations along rivers allow high frequency monitoring at dense spatial and temporal resolutions. Research characterizing nitrate (NO3–N) delivery along extended reaches of navigable rivers, however, is sparse. Since land use and stream biogeochemistry can vary within agricultural watersheds, identifying detailed spatial patterns of stream NO3–N can help identify source area contributions that can be used to develop strategies for water quality improvement. Identifying spatial patterns is especially critical in agricultural watersheds that span multiple landscapes and have dynamic hydrological regimes. We developed and tested a new method that quantifies NO3–N delivery to streams at a high spatial resolution by continuously measuring stream NO3–N using a boat-deployed sensor. Traveling up the Iowa and Cedar Rivers (located within agricultural Upper Mississippi River Basin) and their major tributaries with the system, we automatically measured NO3–N concentrations every 15 s during four excursions spanning the months of May to August, 2018, and characterized stream NO3–N both laterally and longitudinally in river flow. Iowa River NO3–N concentrations were highest nearest the headwaters and gradually declined as the river flowed toward the Mississippi River. Conversely, Cedar River NO3–N concentrations increased from the headwaters toward the mid-watershed areas due to elevated NO3–N delivery from tributaries of the Middle Cedar River; NO3–N concentrations declined in the lower reaches. Our results confirm that NO3–N mitigation efforts should focus on level and intensely-farmed subwatersheds. Data collected with our sensor system compliments permanently deployed sensors and provides an option to support NO3–N removal efforts.

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G R, Anurani, Lakshmi R, Joseph Sabu y Sukanya S. "Evaluation of Radon (222Rn) Distribution and its Implications vis-a-vis Water Quality of Killiyar River, Kerala, India". Current World Environment 16, n.º 1 (28 de abril de 2021): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.10.

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The discharge of tropical rivers is mainly contributed by the baseflow from groundwater especially during summer. Hence, in order to sustain the environmental flow of rivers, the conservation of locations where groundwater discharges into river is a better option than conventional practices viz., redesigning river channel structure and flow regime. Radon (222Rn), a colourless, odourless, inert and natural radioactive noble gas (t1/2= 3.8 days), can be used as a proxy to trace the groundwater discharge location/s in the river course. As 222Rn readily dissolves in groundwater, its content in groundwater is relatively higher than surface water. We report here the activity of 222Rn in the river water at ten locations from upstream to downstream of Killiyar river – KR (n= 6th, L= 24 km, A= 102 km2), the main tributary of Karamana river, Kerala, India. Surface water samples (n=10) were collected during pre- and post-monsoon of 2017. The radon activity was performed by RAD7, an electronic radon detector (Durridge Company Inc., USA). The activity of radon varied from 157 to 4588 Bq/m3 in pre-monsoon and 147 to 1740 Bq/m3 in post-monsoon. The spatial variability of 222Rn activity is observed, and the anomalous high activity location/s indicates groundwater potential in that area. Further, the factors controlling spatial variation of radon were also discussed. Moreover, physico-chemical parameters of river water were also studied. And all the parameters were found to be within the permissible limit of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) specifications for potable water (IS -10500: 2012). This is a case study of application of radon for prospecting groundwater potential zones in Killiyar river course, henceforth useful for the water resource management in this riverine environment and is first of its kind in the study region.

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26

Nowak, Stanisław. "O POLSKIM PRAWIE UBEZPIECZEŃ GOSPODARCZYCH W KONTEKŚCIE WYMOGÓW ACQUIS COMMUNAUTAIRE UE (REASUMPCJA STANOWISK PREZENTOWANYCH W PRACACH IZBY)". Zeszyty Prawnicze 4, n.º 2 (9 de junio de 2017): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2004.4.2.05.

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Po l i s h In s u r a n c e La w i n t h e C o n t e x t o f t h e ‘Ac q u i s Communautaire’ UE Requirements (Recapitulation of the Standpoints Presented in the Chamber’s Works)SummarySubstantial changes of the legal status in the system of Polish economic insurance, called a revolution in the Polish insurance law, initiated by a series of bills dated 22 M ay 2003 and multiplicity of accompanying secondary legislation made the insurance market start numerous analytic works, also in the context o f the requirements to adapt to the com m unity law.These im portant and vast issues, already for some time, have been subject to studies and discussions taking place in the Insurance and Risk Management Cham ber of Commerce. They draw to a conclusion that the quality o f Polish law is unsatisfactory, the law is complicated and unclear. Further they show deficiencies in the knowledge of the com m unity law in Poland due to which a social and professional insurance education is necessary.Further adaptation measures should start from a substantial change of the law on insurance contract. This process should also regard the act insurance agencies.An urgent need of insurance education, belonging to a so-called Lisbon strategy adopted by the European Council in M arch 2000, is highly im portant for the insurance market.

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Salomoni, SE, O. Rocha, G. Hermany y EA Lobo. "Application of water quality biological indices using diatoms as bioindicators in the Gravataí river, RS, Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology 71, n.º 4 (noviembre de 2011): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842011000500015.

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The Gravataí river situated in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre has an area of approximately 2.020 km² and provides public water supply to about 500,000 inhabitants in 5 municipalities (latitude 29° 45'-30° 12' S; longitude 50° 27'-51° 12' W). The river basin has two regions with distinctive characteristics of occupation: the upper course shows intensive farming and the lower course presents urban and industrial uses. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the water quality in the Gravataí River (RS, Brazil) by using physical, chemical and microbiological variables, and the water quality biological indices (WQBI) formulated for southern Brazilian rivers based on epilithic diatom communities as indicators. For comparison purposes, a local WQBI, called the Gravataí WQBI, was also used where species were given new saprobic values (s) and indicative values (vi) according to their occurrence and abundance in the river, using multivariate analytical techniques. The biological samples were taken every three months at six stations along the Gravataí River between September 2000 and August 2002. The results of the physical and chemical analyses of the water indicated a pollution gradient down the river, from the headwaters to the mouth, detected mainly by considering a significant decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen and turbidity, as well as a significant increase in BOD5, total nitrogen, ortho-phosphate and thermotolerant coliforms. Comparing the results obtained, differences were found regarding the predominant pollution levels as higher in the Gravataí WQBI, although both corroborated a tendency for the contamination gradient to increase from the headwaters to the mouth. Given the local anthropic changes, it is of great importance to continue the study of diatom species tolerance to organic pollution and eutrophication in different lotic systems of the region.

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Miller, J. J., T. W. Curtis, E. Bremer, D. S. Chanasyk y W. D. Willms. "Evaluation of selected soil properties for indicating cattle activity at off-stream watering and river access sites in southern Alberta". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 93, n.º 3 (agosto de 2013): 343–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2012-074.

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Miller, J. J., Curtis, T. W., Bremer, E., Chanasyk, D. S. and Willms, W. D. 2013. Evaluation of selected soil properties for indicating cattle activity at off-stream watering and river access sites in southern Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 93: 343–358. Off-stream watering troughs may reduce surface water pollution by shifting nutrient distribution from natural watering sites along the river to around artificial water troughs some distance from the river. The objective of our study was to evaluate the suitability of nine soil properties for assessing the impacts of cattle activity adjacent to eight watering sites. Nine surface (0–5 cm) soil properties were evaluated along four 100-m transects at the five off-stream water troughs and three river access sites along the Lower Little Bow River in southern Alberta over 4 yr (2007–2010). The properties included P (total P, soil test P or STP), N (total N, NO3-N, NH4-N), total C, total C:total N ratio (TC:TN), chloride (Cl), and soil bulk density. Soil test P was significantly (P≤0.05) enriched at 65% of site-year comparisons, followed by total C (63%), NO3-N (55%), total P and TC:TN (50%). This suggested that these soil properties were relatively good indicators of cattle activity at the majority (>50%) of watering sites. Chloride was a valid indicator only in non-saline areas (100% of four non-saline sites). Total C and TC:TN ratios were not valid indicators in the calcareous soils at all sites because of possible confounding influence of inorganic C. Overall, we recommend Cl as an indicator of cattle activity at watering sites not affected by soil salinity and high natural Cl levels, and STP as the best overall indicator of cattle activity at off-stream watering sites and river access sites. Certain soil properties were also influenced by distance from watering site, stocking rate, precipitation, and age of water trough.

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29

Żuraw, Monika. "FUNKCJE ZNAKU TOWAROWEGO W ORZECZNICTWIE EUROPEJSKIEGO TRYBUNAŁU SPRAWIEDLIWOŚCI". Zeszyty Prawnicze 7, n.º 2 (23 de junio de 2017): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2007.7.2.04.

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F u n c t io n s o f a T r a d e m a r k A c c o r d in g t o t h e J u r is d ic t io n o f t h e E u r o p e a n C o u r t o f J u s t ic eSummaryThe scope of protection of the functions fulfilled by trademarks determines most of the issues of the trademark law. The formulation of relevant provisions of the First Directive 89/104/EEC of the Council, of 21 December 1988, to Approximate the Laws of the Member States Relating to Trade Marks („Directive”) leave most of the issues open for interpretation. Therefore, it is the role of the European Court of Justice („ECJ”) to define to what extent the origin, quality and advertising functions should be protected. The article presents in chronological order all ECJ’s verdicts referring to the functions of a trademark issued both before and after entering into force of the Directive. The verdicts above all regard the issues of the trademark infringement, the distinguishing capability of a trademark, exhaustion and the limitations of the right to a trademark. It transpires from the review of the verdicts that ECJ refers most of the issues to the ‘essential function of a trademark’, which is distinguishing goods originating form different enterprises, the concept worked out long before the Directive was introduced. As a result, it is still the origin function that is protected vast more broadly than other functions, which - as it seems - does not meet the needs of the contemporary turnover. Nevertheless, the formulation of most of ECJ’s rulings is so general that it allows future modifications for the benefit of broadening the protection of the quality and advertising functions.

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Dunea, Daniel, Petre Bretcan, Danut Tanislav, Gheorghe Serban, Razvan Teodorescu, Stefania Iordache, Nicolae Petrescu y Elena Tuchiu. "Evaluation of Water Quality in Ialomita River Basin in Relationship with Land Cover Patterns". Water 12, n.º 3 (7 de marzo de 2020): 735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030735.

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The paper reviews the state of water quality in Ialomita River Basin (IRB), Romania, between 2007 and 2018 using the land use/land cover and basin-specific conditions effects on sediments and nutrients load. On-site monitoring was performed in two control sections of the Ialomita River, one in the upper part of the basin (near Targoviste city) and the second near the discharge into the Danube (downstream of Tandarei town). The statistical averages of water parameters for 10 years’ monitoring in the control section that is close to the Ialomita River discharge in Danube were pH = 7.60 (range: 6.41–8.40), NH4-N = 1.20 mg/L (0.02–14.87), alkalinity = 4.12 mmol/L (1.34–6.27), NO3-N = 2.60 mg/L (0.08–17.30), PO4-P = 0.09 mg/L (0–0,31), dissolved oxygen (DO) = 8.87 mg/L (2.72–15.96), BOD5 = 5.50 mg/L (0.01–74.71), suspended solids (TSS) = 508.32 mg/L (15.2–4457), total dissolved salts (TDS) = 733.69 mg/L (455.2–1053), and river discharge = 38.60 m3/s (8.22–165). Expected mean concentration and soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) modeling have been employed in the GIS environment to extend the approach to large spatial patterns within the basin. The estimated average specific emission on the total area for nitrogen was 3.2 kg N/ha, and 0.3 kg P/ha for phosphorus highly influenced by the agricultural activities. The results are useful to raise awareness regarding water-quality degradation and the need to stop and even reverse such trends for local and national sustainable development.

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Chen, Liang, Mingxiang Yang, Yang Liu y Linjiang Nan. "Early Warning and Joint Regulation of Water Quantity and Quality in the Daqing River Basin". Water 14, n.º 19 (29 de septiembre de 2022): 3068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14193068.

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In the recent decades, the issue of water-resource security of the Daqing River Basin, which is one of the five major rivers in the Haihe River Basin, has become increasingly serious affected by climate change and human activities. In this paper, a dynamic simulation and early warning model of water quantity and quality in this basin based on the SWAT model was constructed to promote the implementation of water environment quality and safety bottom line in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. The results of the study are as follows: (1) When encountering a once-in-a-century rainstorm, the flood pressure of Zijingguan in the flood season is the highest, with the highest water level reaching 521.23 m, and the overall maximum runoff follows the order of Zijingguan > Fuping > Zhangfang. (2) When the NH3-N emissions are reduced by 37.64~85.10% in each month (based on the level in 2017), the water quality at the outlet of the basin can reach the standard, and the upper limit of NH3-N emissions is 504.5 t/m. (3) The regulation and control scheme seeking to “ensure the base flow with standard water quality” and “optimize NH3-N annual emission” is proposed in this paper. The NH3-N concentration at the outlet of all watersheds can reach the standard when the basic runoff of each sub-basin reaches 0.01 to 10.32 m3/s. In addition, concentrating the emission in July, August, and September and reducing the emission intensity of NH3-N in proportion can significantly reduce the monthly average NH3-N concentration (<1.99 mg/L) at the outlet section of the basin.

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Balacuit, June Neil G., Jollana Dianne A. Guillermo, Reuben James Q. Buenafe y Allan Nana Soriano. "Comparison of Microwave-Assisted Extraction to Soxhlet Extraction of Mango Seed Kernel Oil using Ethanol and n-Hexane as Solvents". ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 21, n.º 2 (30 de diciembre de 2021): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.63533.

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Mango seed kernel oil was extracted by Soxhlet Extraction (SE) and Microwave-Assisted Extraction (MAE) with ethanol and n-hexane as extraction solvents. To optimize the extraction condition for SE, the temperature was set to 90°C for ethanol and 80°C for n-hexane with varying solvent-to-feed ratios (S/F ratio) of 75/12, 75/10, and 60/6 mL/g. As for MAE, the same S/F ratios were considered. Extraction was done for 5, 10, and 15 minutes with microwave power levels of 120 and 240 W. It was found out that the highest yield per extraction process for SE was: 18.00±0.25 % and 9.38±2.03 % using ethanol and n-hexane, respectively; and 6.69±0.05 % and 4.68±0.06 %using ethanol and n-hexane, respectively for MAE. It was also noted that MAE, with the microwave power level of 120 W has less extraction time for about 15 minutes as compared to SE of 8 hours. Also, the best S/F ratio in this study is 60/6 for all processes. In oil quality determination, the oil extracted was examined through several tests such as FTIR, GC-MS, acid value, % FFA, iodine value, saponification value, and melting point. It was noted that oil extracted in ethanol has a better yield compared to that of n-hexane but the oil extracted using n-hexane would provide superior quality.

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Fettuccia, D. C., V. M. F. da Silva, M. S. Rocha y P. C. Simões-Lopes. "Sternum and appendicular skeleton: morphometric differences between the species of genus Sotalia (Cetacea: Delphinidae)". Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, n.º 8 (31 de agosto de 2012): 1657–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000604.

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Two distinct species have been recently recognized for the genus Sotalia: S. fluviatilis, occurring in the Amazon River basin, and S. guianensis, from Honduras (15°58′N and 85°42′W) to Santa Catarina State (Florianópolis, southern Brazil—27°35′S and 48°34′W). For the first time the sternum and the appendicular skeleton of the two species of the genus Sotalia are compared. A comparative osteological work was performed with marine samples (from the States of Ceará, north-eastern and Santa Catarina, southern regions of Brazil) and riverine samples (Amazonas State) in relation to metric characters (scapula, flipper and sternum). There was a clear distinction of two species in relation to postcranial skeleton in the morphometric analysis (canonical variate analysis) presented. The flipper and the glenoid cavity of the scapula were proportionally wider in the fluvial species. The sternum, however, was smaller in this species in relation to the maximum width of the manubrium. Nevertheless, this structure still needs to be further studied.

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Kucaj, Enkelejda, Marilda Osmani, Anira Gjoni, Azem Bardhi, Besim Kucaj y Dolores Bujku. "Assessment of Physico‑Chemical Characteristics of Lana, Tirana and Ishmi Rivers Using IDW InterpAssessment of Physico‑Chemical Characteristics of Lana, Tirana and Ishmi Rivers Using IDW Interpolationolation". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 13, n.º 6 (2022): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2022.13.6.1397.

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Uncontrolled movement of the population in cities and an increased number of productive activities have significantly influenced the increase in polluting factors in the environment and the level of pollution in river waters. This study aims to evaluate the water quality in the Lana, Tirana, and Ishmi rivers using the physical and chemical parameters, to understand their temporal (seasonal) and spatial dynamics. The use of the Geographical Information System (GIS) based on the water quality information system and spatial analysis with Inverse Distance Weighted Interpolation (IDW) enabled the design of water quality indicators for the rivers study. Sampling was carried out in ten stations and water quality indicators were monitored from 2018 to 2020 and analyzed by the National Environment Agency laboratory. Spatial-time maps of physicso-chemical parameters were analyzed. Assessment of water quality was realized by IDW-s methods which serve as the monitoring of stations by examining the sources of water pollution in rivers bed. Water quality maps aim to identify the main areas requiring river pollution control. The dominant pollutant component of the water is TP, which determines at Ishmi river. The concentration of phosphates in water rivers was a great influence, with an average value for the year 2018 of 2.457 mg/L, and in 2020 reaches a value of 1.956 mg/L with an order TP> P_PO43- > N-NO2-> N-NO3-. This strategy can be used as an effective tool to improve real-time monitoring of water river quality.

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35

Yusop, Z., L. W. Tan, Z. Ujang, M. Mohamed y K. A. Nasir. "Runoff quality and pollution loadings from a tropical urban catchment". Water Science and Technology 52, n.º 9 (1 de noviembre de 2005): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0302.

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Runoff quality draining from 17.14km2 urban catchment in Johor Bahru, Malaysia, was analysed. The land-use consists of residential (30.3%), agricultural (27.3%), open space (27.9%), industrial (8.1%) and commercial (6.4%) areas. Three storm events were sampled in detail. These storms produced stormflow between 0.84mm and 27.82mm, and peakflow from 2.19m3/s to 42.36m3/s. Water quality showed marked variation during storms especially for TSS, BOD and COD with maximum concentrations of 778mg/l, 135mg/l and 358mg/l, respectively. Concentrations of TOC, DOC, NH3-N, Fe and level of colour were also high. In general, the river quality is badly polluted and falls in Class V based on the Malaysian Interim National Water Quality Standards. Event Mean Concentrations (EMC) for various parameters varied considerably between storms. The largest storm produced higher EMC for TSS, NO3-N and SS whereas the smaller storms tend to register higher EMC for BOD, COD, NH3-N, TOC, Ca, K, Mg, Fe and Zn. Such variations could be explained in terms of pollutant availability and the effects of flushing and dilution. Based on a three-month average recurrence interval (ARI) of rainfall, the estimated event loadings (ton/ha) of TSS, BOD, COD, TOC, NH3-N and NO3-N were 0.055, 0.016, 0.012, 0.039, 0.010, 0.0007 and 0.0002, respectively. Heavy metals present in trace quantities. Storms with 3 months ARI could capture about 70% of the total annual loads of major pollutants.

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36

KANE, R. P. "Inter-annual variability of rainfalls in the Amazon basin and its vicinity". MAUSAM 58, n.º 3 (26 de noviembre de 2021): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v58i3.1330.

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An analysis of the rainfall series (12-month running means) of the 5° × 5° gridded data in the Amazon river basin and its vicinity (15° N – 20° S, 30° - 80° W) indicated that the rainfalls were highly variable both from year to year and from region to region. Correlations with even nearby regions hardly exceeded 0.50, though correlations were better (up to 0.70) in the regions near the eastern coast of Brazil. Moderate relationship with ENSO indices was obtained for the Amazon river basin and the regions to its north, and for NE Brazil, while moderate relationship with South Atlantic SST was obtained for NE Brazil and the region immediately to its west. All other relationships (with 30 hPa wind, North Atlantic Oscillation Index, etc.) were obscure.

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37

PECK, STEWART B. y JOYCE COOK. "Systematics, distributions and bionomics of the Catopocerini (eyeless soil fungivore beetles) of North America (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Catopocerinae)". Zootaxa 3077, n.º 1 (28 de octubre de 2011): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3077.1.1.

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This paper is a review and revision of the tribe Catopocerini (Coleoptera: Leoididae: Catopocerinae) of North America. It covers the following genera: Catopocerus Motschulsky, 1870 with five species east of the Mississippi River and the resurrected genus Pinodytes Horn, 1880 with 42 species in North America west of the Mississippi River. All species in the tribe are eyeless and wingless inhabitants of forest soil and litter. Larvae and adults probably feed on subterranean fungi. Pinodytes Horn is resurrected to valid generic status. A neotype is assigned for Catopocerus politus Motschulsky. Lectotypes are designated for Catops cryptophagoides (Mannerheim, 1852) (which is transferred to Pinodytes), and Pinodytes pusio Horn, 1892. The following new synonym is recognized: Catopocerus ulkei Brown, 1933 = Catopocerus politus Motschulsky, 1870. The 33 new species and their distributions are as follows: Pinodytes angulatus (NW Oregon, USA), P. borealis (central Alaska, USA), P. chandleri (N California, USA), P. colorado (Colorado, USA), P. constrictus (S California, USA), P. contortus (E California, USA), P. delnorte (NW California, USA), P. eldorado (E California, USA), P. fresno (central California, USA), P. garibaldi (NW Oregon, USA), P. gibbosus (S California, USA), P. haidagwaii (Haida Gwaii (formerly Queen Charlotte) Islands, British Columbia, Canada), P. humboldtensis (NW California, USA), P. idaho (NW Idaho, USA), P. isabella (N Idaho, USA), P. klamathensis (SW Oregon and NW California, USA), P. losangeles (S California, USA), P. marinensis (W California, USA), P. minutus (central California, USA), P. monterey ( SW California, USA), P. newtoni (Ozarks region to E Texas, USA), P. orca (SW Oregon, USA), P. parvus (NW California, USA), P. punctatus (W Idaho and E Washington, USA), P. sanjacinto (S California, USA), P. sequoia ( S central California, USA), P. setosus ( SW Oregon and NW California, USA), P. shasta (N California, USA), P. shoshone (N Idaho, USA), P. sinuatus (SW Oregon, USA), P. spinus (N central California, USA), P. tehama (N California, USA), and P. tuolumne (E central California, USA). The following new combinations are established: Pinodytes capizzii (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. cryptophagoides (Mannerheim, 1852), ex Catopocerus; P. imbricatus (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. newelli (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. ovatus (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. pusio Horn, 1892, ex Catopocerus; P. rothi (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus; P. subterraneus (Hatch, 1935), ex Catopocerus; P. tibialis (Hatch, 1957), ex Catopocerus.

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38

Van Eerd, Laura L., Katelyn A. Congreves, Adam Hayes, Anne Verhallen y David C. Hooker. "Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil quality, organic carbon, and total nitrogen". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 94, n.º 3 (agosto de 2014): 303–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss2013-093.

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Van Eerd, L. L., Congreves, K. A., Hayes, A., Verhallen, A. and Hooker, D. C. 2014. Long-term tillage and crop rotation effects on soil quality, organic carbon, and total nitrogen. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 303–315. Long-term studies allow for quantification of the effects of crop production practices, such as tillage and crop rotation, on soil quality and soil C and N stores. In two experiments at Ridgetown, ON, we evaluated the long-term (11 and 15 yr) effect of tillage system and crop rotation on soil quality via the Cornell Soil Health Assessment (CSHA) at 0–15 cm and soil organic C (SOC) and total N at 5-, 10-, and 20-cm increments to 120 cm depth. The CSHA soil quality score and SOC and total N were higher with no-till (NT) than fall moldboard plough with spring cultivation (conventional tillage, CT) and rotations with winter wheat [soybean–winter wheat (S-W) and soybean–winter wheat–corn (S-W-C)] compared with rotations without winter wheat. In both long-term trials, NT had ca. 21 Mg ha−1more or 14% higher SOC than CT in the 0- to 100-cm soil profile, a trend which contrasts previous research in eastern Canada. Thus, the two long-term trial results at Ridgetown suggest that to improve soil quality and storage of C and N, growers on clay loam soil in southwestern Ontario should consider adopting NT production practices and including winter wheat in the rotation.

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BADOWSKI, Łukasz, Witold LIBIONKA y Andrzej PERMODA. "THE INFLUENCE OF PHYSICAL REHABILITATION AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF BILATERALLY DEAF PATIENT WITH A DIAGNOSIS OF TYPE 2 NEUROFIBROMATOSIS-CASE STUDY". Medycyna Manualna XXIII, n.º 3 (11 de noviembre de 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8007.

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This work describes the case of a 20- year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type II (NF-2). The patient was diagnosed when she was just 15. The symptoms and the course of rare genetically autosomal dominant disease which is conditioned by the mutations of NF2 gene encoding merlin protein and located on chromosome 22q12.2 ,were elaborated. Scales such as: Katz (ADL), Lawton (IADL), Barthel , Tinetti, "get-up and go", tests were used in functional evaluation and patient's physical function which is very important in the diagnosis and the course of improving functionality. The purpose of this work is to present how rehabilitation and physical activity influence psychophysical health and help in everyday life activities of the patient who is deaf in both ears after tumor surgery in right and left Cerebellopontine angle area and after the surgery of two meningiomas of left sylvian fissure, Vitelliform macular d y s t r o p h y ( B e s t ' s d i s e a s e ) , t h e peripheral paresis of the right facial nerve and existing multilevel intradural tumors in spinal canal, intraspinal and e x t r a s p i n a l t u m o r s w i t h t h e morphologic features of meningiomas, neurilemmomas, ependymo mas, t u m o r s w i t h t h e f e a t u r e s o f meningiomas above left Cerebral hemisphere and along Cerebral falx. Moreover, the patient was diagnosed with tumors with the morphologic features of meningiomas in the right internal juguval vein hole, left accessory p a r o t i d g l a n d a n d a f e w s m a l l meningiomas below the left internal juguval vein hole and also in left parapharyngeal space after the insertion of cochlear implant on the right side and after hypothyroidism, it was given to the patient who reads lips, communicates mostly by text messages and slowly tries to incorporate sign language. Examples of rehabilitation exercises were presented, as well as how the patient uses physical activity despite bilateral deafness, numerous tumors and surgeries.

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Zhang, Lifeng, Zhiguang Chen, Xiang Zhang, Liang Zhao, Qi Li, Dongdong Chen, Yanhong Tang y Song Gu. "Evapotranspiration and Its Partitioning in Alpine Meadow of Three-River Source Region on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau". Water 13, n.º 15 (29 de julio de 2021): 2061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152061.

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The Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) is generally considered to be the water source region for its surrounding lowlands. However, there have only been a few studies that have focused on quantifying alpine meadow evapotranspiration (ET) and its partitioning, which are important components of water balance. This paper used the Shuttleworth–Wallace (S–W) model to quantify soil evaporation (E) and plant transpiration (T) in a degraded alpine meadow (34°24′ N, 100°24′ E, 3963 m a.s.l) located at the QTP from September 2006 to December 2008. The results showed that the annual ET estimated by the S–W model (ETSW) was 511.5 mm (2007) and 499.8 mm (2008), while E estimated by the model (ESW) was 306.0 mm and 281.7 mm for 2007 and 2008, respectively, which was 49% and 29% higher than plant transpiration (TSW). Model analysis showed that ET, E, and T were mainly dominated by net radiation (Rn), while leaf area index (LAI) and soil water content at a 5 cm depth (SWC5cm) were the most important factors influencing ET partitioning. The study results suggest that meadow degradation may increase water loss through increasing E, and reduce the water conservation capability of the alpine meadow ecosystem.

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Cotrim da Cunha, L. y E. T. Buitenhuis. "Riverine influence on the tropical Atlantic Ocean biogeochemistry". Biogeosciences Discussions 9, n.º 2 (17 de febrero de 2012): 1945–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-9-1945-2012.

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Abstract. We assess the role of riverine inputs of N, Si, Fe, organic and inorganic C in the tropical Atlantic Ocean using a global ocean biogeochemistry model. We use two sensitivity tests to investigate the role of the western (South American Rivers) and eastern (African Rivers) riverine nutrient inputs on the tropical Atlantic Ocean biogeochemistry (between 20° S–20° N and 70° W–20°). Increased nutrient availability from river inputs in this area (compared to an extreme scenario with no river nutrients) leads to an increase in 14 % (0.7 Pg C a−1) in open ocean primary production (PP), and 21 % (0.2 Pg C a−1) in coastal ocean PP. We estimate very modest increases in open and coastal ocean export production and sea-air CO2 fluxes. Results suggest that in the tropical Atlantic Ocean, the large riverine nutrient inputs on the western side have a larger impact on primary production and sea-air CO2 exchanges. On the other hand, African river inputs, although smaller than South American inputs, have larger impact on the coastal and open tropical Atlantic Ocean export production. This is probably due to a combination of nutrient trapping in upwelling areas off the Congo River outflow, and differences in delivered nutrient ratios leading to alleviation in limitation conditions mainly for diatoms.

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Devashi, Varu. "Effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen on growth, yield and quality of Sapota ‘Kalipatti’". Journal of Fruit and Ornamental Plant Research 20, n.º 1 (1 de octubre de 2012): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10290-012-0005-9.

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ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted to study the effect of organic and inorganic nitrogen in the form of urea and castor cake on the growth, yielding and fruit quality of sapota trees. Nitrogen in the form of urea significantly influenced the vegetative growth of the trees. The greatest tree height (7.26 m), tree spread (8.11 m in N-S and 8.13 m in E-W directions), fruit weight (63.65 g), the number of fruit per tree (2627.56) and fruit yield per tree (163.30 kg) were obtained with the application of 900 g N/tree in the form of urea. However, that was found on a par with the application of 900 g N/tree in which 50% N was from urea and 50% from castor cake. Total sugars and reducing sugars content in fruit was found the highest in the 900 g N/tree treatment in which 25% N was from urea and 75% N from castor cake.

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Aghakhani, Masood, Ehsan Mehrdad, Ehsan Hayati, Maziar Mahdipour Jalilian y Arash Karbasian. "Modeling of Weld Dilution in Gas Metal Arc Welding Process Using Taguchi's Design of Experiments". Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (octubre de 2011): 2963–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.2963.

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Gas metal arc welding is a fusion welding process which has got wide applications in industry. In order to obtain a good quality weld, it is therefore, necessary to control the input welding parameters. In other words proper selection of input welding parameters in this process contribute to weld productivity. One of the important welding output parameters in this process is weld dilution affecting the quality and productivity of weldment. In this research paper using Taguchi method of design of experiments a mathematical model was developed using parameters such as, wire feed rate (W), welding voltage (V), nozzle-to-plate distance (N), welding speed (S) and gas flow rate (G) on weld dilution. After collecting data, signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) were calculated and used in order to obtain the optimum levels for every input parameter. Subsequently, using analysis of variance the significant coefficients for each input factor on the weld dilution were determined and validated. Finally a mathematical model based on regression analysis for predicting the weld dilution was obtained. Results show that wire feed rate (W),arc voltage (V) have increasing effect while Nozzle-to-plate distance (N) and welding speed (S) have decreasing effect on the dilution whereas gas Flow rate alone has almost no effect on dilution but its interaction with other parameters makes it quite significant in increasing the weld dilution

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Sun, Qing, Peiyu Zhang, Zixuan Zhao, Xuejie Li, Xuefang Sun y Wen Jiang. "Continuous Wheat/Soybean Cropping Influences Soybean Yield and Rhizosphere Microbial Community Structure and Function". Agronomy 13, n.º 1 (22 de diciembre de 2022): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010028.

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Wheat/soybean rotation is an important double-cropping system in the Huang-Huai-Hai plain of China. Continuous soybean cropping could cause soil quality deterioration and plant growth inhibition. However, the effects of continuous wheat/soybean cropping on soybean rhizosphere microbes remain largely unknown. In this study, we compared the soybean yield and rhizosphere soil microbial community between continuous winter wheat/summer soybean (W/S) with two harvests in one year and winter wheat/summer soybean-winter wheat/summer maize (W/S-W/M) with four harvests in two years. The results showed that the soybean yield in the W/S group significantly (p < 0.05) declined within the first two years. The W/S-W/M showed higher soybean yield and soil fertility index than the W/S group. The sequencing results revealed that cropping rotation had a higher impact on the fungal community than the bacterial community. The W/S group showed 22.08–23.01% higher alpha diversity of the fungal community, but the alpha diversity of the bacterial group did not vary significantly in this group. The fungal community composition in the W/S and W/S-W/M groups differed significantly. In the W/S-W/M group, a higher relative abundance of plant growth-promoting fungi (e.g., Mortierella), nematophagous fungi (e.g., Plectosphaerella), and biological control fungi (e.g., Coniothyrium) was observed. In the W/S group, a higher relative abundance of lignocellulose-degrading fungi (e.g., Trechispora, Myceliophthora, Botryotrichum, and Coniochaeta) and pathogenic fungi (e.g., Pyrenochaetopsis and Cyphellophora) was observed. LEfSe analysis demonstrated that Mortierella, Myceliophthora, and Trechispora could serve as crucial biomarkers. Mortierella was positively associated with available P levels and negatively associated with NO3−-N levels and pH while Trechispora showed the opposite trend. The findings of this study could enhance the current understanding of the mechanisms associated with the continuous wheat/soybean cropping obstacles and ensure the sustainability of agricultural production.

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Benvenuti, T., MA Kieling-Rubio, CR Klauck y MAS Rodrigues. "Evaluation of water quality at the source of streams of the Sinos River Basin, southern Brazil". Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, n.º 2 suppl (mayo de 2015): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.1513.

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<p>The Sinos River Basin (SRB) is located in the northeastern region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (29º20' to 30º10'S and 50º15' to 51º20'W), southern Brazil, and covers two geomorphologic provinces: the southern plateau and the central depression. It is part of the Guaíba basin, has an area of approximately 800 km<sup>2</sup> and contains 32 counties. The basin provides drinking water for 1.6 million inhabitants in one of the most important industrial centres in Brazil. This study describes different water quality indices (WQI) used for the sub-basins of three important streams in the SRB: Pampa, Estância Velha/Portão and Schmidt streams. Physical, chemical and microbiological parameters assessed bimonthly using samples collected at each stream source were used to calculate the Horton Index (HI), the Dinius Index (DI) and the water quality index adopted by the US National Sanitation Foundation (NSF WQI) in the additive and multiplicative forms. These indices describe mean water quality levels at the streams sources. The results obtained for these 3 indexes showed a worrying scenario in which water quality has already been negatively affected at the sites where three important sub-basins in the Sinos River Basin begin to form.</p>

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ΓΑΛΑΝΑΚΗΣ, Δ. "Brittle tectonic and morphological alteration of Almyros basin". Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 34, n.º 1 (1 de enero de 2001): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.17038.

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Two crossed fault systems with NW-SE and E-W directions affect on the central and southern part of the Almyros basin. The uplift movement in the western part of the basin, with importance vertical displacement (up to 200m) of the lignite layers and the formation river terraces are related with the activity of the first fault NWSE direction. The second fault with E-W direction, located along Xerias river, affect on drainage system with hydrographie network from the south to the north development. In the southern part of the basin and on the Orthrys mountain a fault system with E-W trending affects on alpine basement and neogene deposits. This fault system forms the southern boundary of the Almyros basin. The recent brittle tectonic during Neogene-Quaternary is connected with the evolution and the configuration of the Almyros basin as well as volcanic activity of the area. The morphological differentiations of Almyros basin, the drainage system and the recent landforms with morphogenic activity are controlled by the recent brittle tectonics. The normal fault systems in the studied area caused by the extensional stress field (σ3), trending N-S to NNW-SSE, which controls the geodynamic regime since Lower Pleistocene. This geodynamic regime has defined the recent morphological and morphotectonic evolution of the studied area.

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Lama, Rajkumar y Naresh Kazi Tamrakar. "Dry season discharge and sediment yield of the northern tributaries of the Kathmandu Valley, Central Nepal". Bulletin of the Department of Geology 19 (1 de diciembre de 2016): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bdg.v19i0.19988.

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Population growth, urbanization and improper land use practice cause change in natural behavior of the river system. In this point soil erosion and sediment deposition in the river channel adversely bring environmental problems like variation in discharge, surface water physical quality, sediment transportation capacity, sediment yield and stream power. In lack of proper research and planning, disasters like flooding, failure of engineering structure, bank erosion and imbalance in aquatic ecosystem can be seen. To better understand the stream, present work was carried out to determine the discharge, sediment transportation capacity, sediments yield and stream power of northern major tributaries of the Bagmati River. Subsequent to this, relations between the two or more than two morpho-hydraulic parameters with the discharge and sediments load were evaluated.The northern Bagmati River basin occupies an area of 3750 sq. km and lies within 26°42’ and 27°50’ N latitude and 85°02’ and 85°58’ E longitude. The Bagmati River, non-glacial perennial river, consists of four main tributaries contributing from the northern part of the Bagmari River basin. They are the Manahara River, Bagmati River, Dhobi Khola and the Bishnumati River. The four major tributaries including the Bagmati River were upto sixth stream order. The study revealed that water discharge varied from 0.033 to 1.983 m3/s and the grain size distribution d50 ranged from 0.0002 to 0.0250 m. The study found that the suspended load for dry season varied from 5.93 to 916 mg/L and the bed load from 6 to 393711 tonnes/day. The total sediment yield ranged from 0.58 to 22029.64 tonnes/km2/day. The boundary shear stress and critical shear stress ranged from 0.03 to 30.87 N/m2 and 0.05 to 0.06 N/m2, respectively. The stream power per unit channel width was found to vary from 0.001 to 0.06 KNm/s/m2 for tributaries. Except at few sites, the rest of the sites of the studied river exhibit competency and good capability of sediment transport of the rivers. This study helps to implement proper engineering hydraulic practices around the river corridors.Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Vol. 19, 2016, pp. 29–44

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NUTTALL, W. F., H. UKRAINETZ, J. W. B. STEWART y D. T. SPURR. "THE EFFECT OF NITROGEN, SULPHUR AND BORON ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF RAPESEED (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.)". Canadian Journal of Soil Science 67, n.º 3 (1 de agosto de 1987): 545–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss87-051.

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In northeastern Saskatchewan on Gray Luvisolic soils, rapeseed (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.) grown on many fields does not set seed, possibly because of deficiencies of S and B. Therefore, experiments were begun in 1979 to determine (1) the effect of N, S and B fertilizers on yield and quality of rapeseed; (2) if cultivars (B. napus and B. campestris L.) responded differently to these nutrients; and (3) nutrient and nutrient interaction effects of five rates of N, S and B in a composite rotatable design on yield and quality of the cultivar Regent (B. napus L.). Rates of up to 200 kg N ha−1, 50 kg S ha−1 and 2.8 kg B ha−1 were applied. The experiments were conducted on 13 sites. Nine were in N.E. Saskatchewan on Sylvania f1, Waitville 1 (Luvisolic) and Melfort sicl (Black Chernozemic) soils. Four were in N.W. Saskatchewan on Loon River 1 and Waitville 1, (Luvisolic) soils. In N.W. Saskatchewan there was a significant yield increase because of N (1.00 t ha−1) and S (1.06 t ha−1). In N.E. Saskatchewan on Sylvania f1, rapeseed yields were increased by 0.38 t ha−1 by a combination of S and B and by 0.78 t ha−1 by N. Sylvania f1 soils were lower in soluble B than other experimental sites. At other sites in N.E. Saskatchewan, N but not S increased rapeseed grain yield significantly. Significant response to a combination of S and B was obtained with the cultivar Regent, and both species of rapeseed responded to S fertilizer. Sulphur fertilizer increased the glucosinolate concentration in rapeseed meal at all sites. Sulphur increased oil concentration of rapeseed on all sites except one where frost damaged the crop and increased protein of grain on sites where there was yield response to S. Nitrogen increased protein of rapeseed grown on all sites whereas N combined with B decreased protein and increased oil percentage on all sites except Sylvania f1. The yield response of the cultivar Regent to B was not significantly related to soluble soil B. The combined yield response to S and B in relation to soluble soil S and B was significant (R2 = 0.60). Yield response of rapeseed to S was significantly related to soluble soil S (R2 = 0.35). In conclusion, S fertilizer solved the problem of poor seed set in rapeseed cultivars, but B also enhanced yield by decreasing the number of sterile florets and improving pod development. Key words: Nitrogen, sulphur, boron, rapeseed, oil, protein, glucosinolates

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Ceballos Bejarano, Ferdinand Eddington, Jorge Eloy Rojas Nina, Luz Gabriela Cuba Pacheco, Kristhian Pattrick Medina Gámez y Alfredo Ruitval Velazco Gonzales. "Análisis de la calidad del servicio en centros universitarios". Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología 25, n.º 108 (3 de marzo de 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i108.427.

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En este trabajo se analizó el nivel de percepción de los estudiantes sobre la calidad del servicio los centros universitarios. Para ello participaron 684 estudiantes de pregrado de un programa de estudios elegidos aleatoriamente, a quienes se les aplicó una escala que intenta calcular lo que se espera del servicio educativo. Se encontró que el nivel de percepción es aceptable con tendencia a ser buena sobre la calidad del servicio que presta la universidad, no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas según la ocupación del estudiante, sin embargo, si se hallaron diferencias según género y centro de estudios evaluados. Por lo tanto, la calidad del servicio aceptado por el estudiante de la universidad se ve reflejada en el aspecto físico, la modernización y el equipamiento, precisando que el personal administrativo debe capacitarse mejor para brindar una adecuada atención al usuario. Palabras Clave: Calidad del servicio, estudiantes, atención al usuario. Referencias [1]Ministerio de Educación, «MINEDU: Ley Universitaria 30220,» 2015. [En línea]. Disponible en: http://www.minedu.gob.pe/reforma-universitaria/pdf/ley_universitaria.pdf. [Último acceso: 15 10 2020]. [2]D. Ceballos, «La Calidad Educativa en la realidad Universitaria Peruana frente al Contexto Latinoamericano,» Flumen, Revista de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, vol. 7, nº 1, pp. 3-8, 2014. [3]S. Carrasco, Metodología de la investigación científica. Pautas metodológicas para diseñar y elaborar el proyecto de investigación, Lima: Editorial San Marcos E.I.R.L., 2019. [4]J. C. Vergara y Q. V. Manuel, «Análisis de la calidad en el servicio y satisfacción de los estudiantes de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad de Cartagena mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales,» Revista electrónica de investigación educativa, vol. 13, nº 1, pp. 108-122, 2011. [5]L. Muñoz y J. I. Pérez, «Calidad del servicio de uso de aulas para la enseñanza-aprendizaje desde la perspectiva del estudiante,» Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 17, nº 69, pp. 161-169, 2013. [6]P. I. Palominos, L. E. Quezada, C. A. Osorio, J. A. Torres y L. M. Lippi, «Calidad de los servicios educativos según los estudiantes de una universidad pública en Chile,» Revista iberoamericana de educación superior, vol. 7, nº 18, pp. 130-142, 2016. [7]N. Maneiro, A. Mejías y M. L. Romero, «Evaluación de la calidad de los servicios, una experiencia en la educación superior Venezolana,» Investigación Arbitrada, vol. 12, nº 43, pp. 797-804, 2008. [8]A. Parasuraman, V. Zeithaml y L. Berry, «SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality.,» Journal of Retailing, vol. 64, nº 1, pp. 12-40, 1988. [9]F. Ganga, N. Alarcón y L. Pedraja, «Medición de calidad de servicio mediante el modelo SERVQUAL: el caso del Juzgado de Garantía de la ciudad de Puerto Montt - Chile,» Ingeniare. Revista chilena de ingeniería, vol. 27, nº 4, pp. 668-681, 2019. [10] J. Inquilla, W. Calsina y B. Velazco, «La calidad educativa y administrativa vista desde dentro: caso Universidad Nacional del Altiplano - Puno -Perú 2017,» Comuni@cción, vol. 8, nº 1, pp. 5-15, 2017. [11]A. Mejías y A. Agustín, «Modelo para medir la calidad del servicio en los estudiantes universitarios de postgrado,» Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnología, vol. 9, nº 34, pp. 81-85, 2005. [12]L. D. Sánchez y R. Panduro, «Sociabilización del concepto de calidad y licenciamientoen las universidades del Perú. Lima 2020,» IGOBERNANZA, vol. 3, nº10, pp. 11-28, 2020. [13]L. A. Rivera, Gestión de información académica y el desarrollo del capital humano en las universidades públicas licenciadas, Lima: Universidad Peruana de las Américas, 2019. [14]S. Carrasco, Metodología de la Investigación Científica. Pautas metodológicas para diseñar y elaborar el proyecto de investigación, Lima: Editorial San Marcos, 2019. [15]A. Mejías, O. Reyes y N. Maneiro, «Calidad de los Servicios en la Educación Superior Mexicana: Aplicación del Servqualing en Baja California.,» Revista Investigación y Ciencia, vol. 14, nº 34, pp. 36-41, 2006. [16]J. Arciniegas y A. Mejías, «Percepción de la calidad de los servicios prestados por la Universidad Militar Nueva Granada con base en la escala Servqualing,con análisis factorial y análisis de regresión múltiple,» Comuni@cción, vol. 8, nº 1, pp. 1-11, 2017. [17]D. Frias, Análisis de la consistencia interna de las puntuaciones de un instrumento de medida, Valencia: Universidad de Valencia, 2020. [18]J. L. Ventura, «Tamaño del efecto para la U de Mann-Whitney: aportes al artículo de Valdivia-Peralta et al.,» Revista chilena de neuro-psiquiatría, vol. 54, nº4, pp. 353-354, 2016. [19]M. Tomczak y E. Tomczak, «Se revisó la necesidad de informar las estimaciones del tamaño del efecto. Una descripción general de algunas medidas recomendadas del tamaño del efecto,» Trends Sport Sciences, vol. 1, nº 21, pp. 19-25, 2014. [20]J. Cohen, «A power primer,» Psychological Bulletin, vol. 112, nº 1, pp. 155-159, 1992.

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Martell, Mark S., Charles J. Henny, Peter E. Nye y Matthew J. Solensky. "Fall Migration Routes, Timing, and Wintering Sites of North American Ospreys as Determined by Satellite Telemetry". Condor 103, n.º 4 (1 de noviembre de 2001): 715–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/103.4.715.

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Abstract Satellite telemetry was used to determine fall migratory movements of Ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) breeding in the United States. Study areas were established along the lower Columbia River between Oregon and Washington; in north-central Minnesota; on Shelter Island, New York; and in southern New Jersey. Seventy-four adults (25 males, 49 females) were tracked from 1995 through 1999. Migration routes differed among populations but not by sex. Western Ospreys migrated through California and to a lesser degree other western states and wintered in Mexico (88%), El Salvador (6%), and Honduras (6%) (25.9°N to 13.0°N and 108.3°W to 87.3°W). Minnesota Ospreys migrated along three routes: (1) through the Central U.S. and then along the east coast of Mexico, (2) along the Mississippi River Valley, then across the Gulf of Mexico, or (3) through the southeastern U.S., then across the Caribbean. East Coast birds migrated along the eastern seaboard of the U.S., through Florida, and across the Caribbean. Midwestern birds wintered from Mexico south to Bolivia (22.35°N to 13.64°S, and 91.75°W to 61.76°W), while East Coast birds wintered from Florida to as far south as Brazil (27.48°N to 18.5°S and 80.4°W to 57.29°W). Dates of departure from breeding areas differed significantly between sexes and geographic regions, with females leaving earlier than males. Western birds traveled a shorter distance than either midwestern or eastern Ospreys. Females traveled farther than males from the same population, which resulted in females typically wintering south of males. Rutas de Migración Otoñales, Coordinación y Sitios de Invernada de Pandion haliaetus Determinados por Telemetría Satelital Resumen. Se utilizó telemetría satelital para determinar los movimientos de migración de otoño de individuos de Pandion haliaetus que nidifican en los Estados Unidos. Las áreas de estudio se establecieron a lo largo del Río Columbia entre Oregon y Washington; en el centro-norte de Minnesota; en la Isla Shelter, Nueva York; y en el sur de Nueva Jersey. Setenta y cuatro adultos (25 machos, 49 hembras) fueron seguidos mediante telemetría desde 1995 hasta 1999. Las rutas de migración se diferenciaron entre poblaciones pero no entre sexos. Los individuos de P. haliaetus del oeste, migraron a través de California y en menor grado a través de otros estados del oeste e invernaron en México (88%), El Salvador (6%) y Honduras (6%) (25.9°N a 13.0°N y 108.3°O a 87.3°O). Las aves de Minnesota migraron a lo largo de tres rutas: (1) a través del los E.E.U.U. centrales y luego a lo largo de la costa este de México, (2) a lo largo del valle del Río Mississippi y luego a través del Golfo de México, o (3) a través del sur de los E.E.U.U. y luego a través del Caribe. Las aves de la costa este, migraron a lo largo de la costa este de los E.E.U.U., por Florida y a través del Caribe. Las aves del medio-oeste, invernaron desde México hacia el sur hasta Bolivia (22.35°N a 13.64°S, y 91.75°O a 61.76°O), mientras que las aves de la costa este invernaron desde Florida hasta tan al sur como Brasil (27.48°N a 18.5°S y 80.4°O a 57.29°O). Las fechas de partida desde las áreas de nidificación difirieron significativamente entre sexos y regiones geográficas, partiendo las hembras antes que los machos. Las aves del oeste viajaron distancias más cortas que las aves del medio-oeste y del este. Considerando una misma población, las hembras viajaron más lejos que los machos, lo que resultó en que las hembras invernaron típicamente más al sur que los machos.

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