Tesis sobre el tema "Riticité des matières premières"
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Leroy-Parmentier, Noémie. "Évaluer les impacts des produits issus de la bio-économie : Une approche intégrée de l’analyse de durabilité du cycle de vie et de l’évaluation de la criticité des matières premières issues de la biomasse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0106.
Texto completoSo demand for biomass is increasing, access to these resources is further constrained by socio-economic, (geo-)political or climatic events that destabilize value chains. Bio-economy structure, bio-economy value chains can be vulnerable to supply to supply disruptions. It is therefore supply risks and their impact on environmental, social and economic on the environmental, social and economic performance (i.e. sustainability) of activities. For this purpose, various assessment methodologies assessment methodologies exist: Life Cycle Sustainability Analysis (LCSA) and raw materials criticality assessment. These are very often carried out within companies by different people, with different objectives and objectives and timeframes. What's more, they cannot be used and need to be adapted to assess the challenges of the bio-economy and bio-economy and green chemistry.This work aims to answer the question "How can the sustainability of products from the bio-economy be assessed in a context of variation in the availability and accessibility of renewable biomass resources?". By adopting the point of view of firms, this research studies the potential integration of life-cycle sustainability assessment and criticality assessment of lignocellulosic resources, whose demand is growing rapidly, notably with the emergence of biofuels. in particular with the emergence of biorefineries driven by the green chemistry the production and use of bio-sourced solvents. The latter are based on the transformation of bio-sourced platforms and aim to substitute petro-sourced solvents in order to the transition to a bio-economy. The question of substituting a lignocellulosic resource by another in the case of this thesis, is central to the is at the heart of these questions, since it is a common strategy for supply risks, although this decision may also have environmental, social and economic have negative environmental, social and economic impacts.The thesis proposes a criticality assessment method specific to the resources and commodities of the bio-economy, "LignoCrit". The development of LignoCrit, based in part on ADCV data and results ADCV, requires a common structure to integrate the two methods. Thus, ADCV was applied to the case of a bio-sourced solvent, 2-Methyl Tetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF), demonstrating the preponderance of chemical transformation processes in the solvent's social and economic impacts of the solvent. However, the choice of lignocellulosic resource and the country of production, for solvent production has a significant effect on the results.Data and results of the different 2-MeTHF production scenarios evaluated in the ADCV are then injected into the criticality method on the basis of the data and results obtained. Thus, a score aggregating the various dimensions of the LignoCrit method is obtained for each triplet resource-process-producing country of the platform molecule purchased for the production of 2-MeTHF. Due to the nature of the indicators selected, this evaluation is generalizable multiple resource-process-producing country for multiple platform molecules.Last but not least these results and their interpretation can be used to implement continuous continuous improvement initiatives within companies, as well as for external external communication in the context of EMS and CSR
Huang, Xiaoying. "Régulation du marché des matières premières". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01E004/document.
Texto completoThis thesis provides an overview on the evolution of commodity markets and focuses on the price behaviour in both the commodity physical and the financial derivatives markets. Instead of directly analysing regulation in the commodity markets, this thesis highlights the market changes and specific market behaviour, which gives potential implications for market regulation.Main results of thesis. This research on regulation of commodity markets has been conducted within two different markets: commodity physical markets and commodity derivatives markets. Results in physical markets confirm the evidence of jump in agricultural commodity prices. Price volatility varies with time and is not constant. Commodity markets’ –at least agricultural markets’- prices oscillated during the period 2007/2008, which coincided with financial crisis. Relatively high frequent and small jumps in commodity prices are probably due to financial market factors instead of market fundamentals.The implication of these results in risk management of agricultural cooperatives is that, although taking into account jump in risk measure, such as VaR does not out-perform traditional VaR with normal distribution. Considering this kind of extreme price variation can be complementary for risk managers when facing a highly volatile commodity market. Findings for financial derivatives markets lead to two conclusions.Firstly, commodity index funds are confirmed again as having a short-term impact on futures prices in most products. Based on the theoretical conclusion about the intermediary role of inventory on the impact of speculation on the commodity market, we have found that commodity index can influence commodity futures prices without necessarily passing through inventory changes, which is probably due to price-inelasticity. Secondly, in relation to the impact of central bank announcements on commodity prices, the study shows that the central bank can be an alternative regulator to influence the commodity market. Additionally, it shows that commodity prices include the information from macroeconomic factors, such as currency rate and inflation rate
Lambinet, Rémy. "Financiarisation des marchés de matières premières". Thesis, Paris 9, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA090042.
Texto completoCommodity prices rise observed during the 2000s being concomitant with the increasing presence of financial agents has sparked the researchers’ interest. This price increase occurred while commodity markets have been transformed by new financial instruments or larger investments in these markets. The first chapter of this thesis are studying the impact on commodities of Exchange-Traded Products (ETPs) whose purpose is to provide investors a passive exposure to commodities. During this study, it is shown that the mechanism (called creation / redemption) used to deliver the performance of the underlying commodity to the investors has an impact on the price of the underlying asset, its volatility and its correlation with the stock market. The second chapter demonstrates that ETPs have become major contributors to the price discovery process whereas traditionally this function was performed by the futures market. The final chapter of this PhD thesis is studying seasonality in both the prices and positions of different types of agents on the futures market for agricultural commodities. The results show that seasonal positions in the futures market have been changed by the increased presence of financial agents. This thesis quantifies and demonstrates that new investment vehicles and an increasing number of positions of financial investors in the futures market have changed the financial and fundamental characteristics of commodity markets
Huguet, Stephane. "La régulation des matières premières agricoles". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0013/document.
Texto completoThe regulation of agricultural commodity markets is a academic‘s work that evaluates the consequences of the evolution of our society on this essential product. Indeed, its price is subject to many influences. Yet the Law has decided for the moment to turn away from it in the majority. This doctoral work thus tries to determine what are the weak points of the legislations in several fields in order to secure this product whose unconscious value is essential to obtain the social peace that the Law tends to obtain
Saadi, Hadj. "Convergence et divergence des conjonctures des marches internationaux de matieres premieres". Université Pierre Mendès France (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21031.
Texto completoThe situations of international primary commodity markets show phenomena of convergence and divergence in their developments. Price fluctuations which last several years express a succession of phases of overproduction and shortage in almost all of the product markets. These fluctuations are explained by an endogeneous process of adjustment between production and consumption and price as well as phenomena of lagged response. The analysis of the price fluctuations and of endogeneous mechanisms of market lead us to an analysis in medium term and long term. Endogeneous mecanisms are submited to phenomena of overreaction and set a problem of regulation in medium term and long term of the market which leads to different systems of regulation. The major systems of regulation are the producer-price system, the controlled competitive system such as the international product agreement, and finally the overracting competitive system where endogeneous mechanisms are fully acting. The latter is the one which is known currently on most of the market. Common global factors are favouring convergence and divergence of the situations of international primary commodity markets. The pace of general economic activity have repercussions on the decisions of investment in production capacities in the developing countries who produce primary commodities. These global factors concern development strategies of the producing countries in primary commodities and concern also the evolution of the functioning of the economies of industrialised countries as well as the transformation of industrial structures at the national and international level. The cyclical phenomena of primary commodity markets stem from endogeneous mechanisms specific to markets and of the impact of exogenous factors. The factors of convergence can act either as exogenous disturbances which affect simultaneously several markets or by influencing and bringing closer their specific dynamics
Wang, Zaizhi. "Produits dérivés des matières premières : modélisation et évaluation". Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00712137.
Texto completoOkoko, Blandine Fernande. "La stabilisation institutionnelle des prix des matières premières". Paris 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA020080.
Texto completoThe decrease of the part of the lcd's in the world exportations of commodities and the drop in prices justify the place occupied by questions concerning these products in the relations between the north and the south. One of the problems posed by the evolution of the commodity trade is the instability of prices which pain most of the lcd's. This complex phenomenon can be observed and measured. Its the result of multitude factors and can aggravate the instability of the world economy. The financial constraints are not resolved for the lcd's which depend on them. That suppose a recourse to an external financing of the development and require the large modalities of intervention. In order to show the dynamics of mechanisms and their real efficient, an analysis of the results proved the superiority of the compensatory and contingency financing facility on the stabex and the sugar protocal on the buffer stocks regulators. During the 80's the compensatory and contingency financing facility did not have a stabilizing effect ; the european market was not favourable to the acp countries. These systems very original and different each other have the virtue to be simple and cheaper. But owing to the fact that they do not strike at the root of the evil, they can only attenuate it. Does the present institutional frame suffice to adopt measures for a real stabilization ? if the economic analysis does not take into account the market, its is at risk to be exhausted. Our propositions fluctuate between the normalization of the eec schemes and the improvement of the imf systems. The stabilizing action is desirable in all levels at the market level as well as the level of national regional or international institutions. However, the price stabilization in an uncertainty world cant be completed and the success of these programs depends on several elements can we make a good stabilization of prices in the commodity economy? that suppose an evolution in the commodity economy
Lautier, Delphine. "La structure par terme des prix des matières premières". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00152993.
Texto completoL'analyse théorique de la structure par terme des prix des matières premières étant effectuée, il était intéressant de se pencher sur la façon d'exploiter ses enseignements à des fins de modélisation. C'est l'objet de la deuxième partie du mémoire, qui présente un nouveau modèle de structure par terme – qualifié de modèle asymétrique – justifie les hypothèses qui le sous-tendent, et le positionne par rapport aux autres modélisations.
La troisième partie a pour objectif d'apprécier la qualité de la modélisation effectuée : elle s'intéresse aux résultats des tests empiriques réalisés à partir des modèles de structure par terme. Des simulations me permettent tout d'abord de souligner l'influence des hypothèses concernant le processus stochastique retenu pour les variables d'état et celle du nombre de variables d'état, dans trois modèles différents. Sont ensuite présentés des travaux de nature méthodologique, développés en réponse aux difficultés d'estimation spécifiques que présentent les modèles de structure par terme des prix des matières premières. Enfin, l'exposé des performances des modèles, c'est-à-dire de leur capacité à reproduire la courbe des prix observée, permet de présenter les résultats empiriques obtenus avec le modèle asymétrique.
Deux applications ont été envisagées dans la littérature pour les modèles de structure par terme des prix des matières premières : la couverture dynamique et la valorisation. En ce qui concerne la couverture, la réflexion relative à l'utilisation de modèles de structure par terme est motivée par la volonté de couvrir des engagements à long terme sur le marché physique à l'aide de contrats à terme d'échéance rapprochée. Les travaux portent alors sur la détermination de la stratégie de couverture à mettre en œuvre et sur l'analyse de son efficacité. Dans le domaine de la valorisation, les modèles de structure par terme ont été utilisés en s'appuyant sur la théorie des options réelles. La plupart des recherches entreprises portent sur la décision d'investissement dans le cadre de matières premières minérales, car le caractère irréversible de l'investissement est particulièrement prononcé pour ces dernières. Mes travaux de recherche se sont intéressés à chacune de ces deux applications. Celles-ci ont fait l'objet de plusieurs publications. Elles sont également le sujet de recherches en cours et sont à l'origine de plusieurs projets.
Ohana, Steve. "Deux contributions en gestion des risques de matières premières". Paris 9, 2006. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2006PA090021.
Texto completoThis thesis consists of two independent parts. The first part deals with the dynamic management of physical commodity portfolios, in an illiquid market and under the presence of non traded volume risks. In this framework, we propose a new type of dynamic value measurement for commodity portfolios, which leads to time-consistent decision plannings. A simple numerical experiment illustrates how this new valuation tool can help the portfolio manager assess the synergies between her physical assets and control the risks on final and intermediate wealth. The second part proposes an original model for the joint evolution of two commodity forward curves, capturing at the same time the global and local dependence structures between two economically related commodities. The model is applied here to the US gas and oil markets
Ben, Makhlouf Fouad. "Le droit international et le commerce des matières premières entre pays développés et pays en développement". Nice, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NICE0025.
Texto completoThe raw materials question has known several sudden changes in the history of international relations and is actually centered around the north-suth relations. Raw materials are at the base of wealth and economical development of any nation. The interest around raw materials is not only limited to supplying problems, it also extends to the supervision of the production and its trading. It explains the importance of the dominion principal concerning natural resources. Raw materials are there for the reason for a aclaim to a new international economic order witch coult permit to restructurize the north-suth trade system. Excessif fluctuations of prices, and deterioration of the exchange relations hip of raw materials exported by all developping countries, are the basic of the north-suth trade. The negociations, led by international suits, between developped and developping countries have not resulted into a transformation of the international economical system, where from the need to work on new rules viable to considere the contrast interest between the two kinds of countries. International law has to fix its duty around that matter
Maroc, Elhadi. "Le problème des prix des produits de base à la consommation". Paris 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA020049.
Texto completoThe states actions in developing countries, in the area of prices is historically ancient and technically multi-dimensional. These countries, clattered by the omnipresence of the states, have seen a near collapse of funding policy. Excessive reglementation of prices is at the origine of many negative effects found in developing countries. Moreover, the mutism of the texts of reglementation and free and easy attitude in budgetary policy, characterising their economy were not beneficial to their populations. Therefor, the distancing of the choices of the real prices emphasises the gap between the needs of the population and the ressources available
Marwan, Triwulan. "Elaboration de liants pouzzolaniques a partir de matières premières indonésiennes". Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0055.
Texto completo[The aim of this study is ta show the possibility of manufacturing low-cost cement in Indonesia. To realize this objective, it is possible to use abundant laterites and a middle temperature thermal process (800°C) which is less expansive in energy than the Portland Cement production. The use of physical-chemical techniques (X-ray diffraction - differential thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry) and the study of mechanical strengths on mini-cylinders show the kaolinite content of the laterite is the main factor affecting its reactivity after burning. The strengths reached by mixtures of Portland Cement and burnt laterite are high and the durability of such binders is good because the lime content is lower. Concretes built up with these binders present interesting characterise in view of a low-cost housing in Indonesia. ]
Michel, Cécile. "Organisation d'un système qualité pour le prélèvement des matières premières". Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR2P070.
Texto completoCaillet, Raphaël. "Hypothèse d'efficience informationnelle : marchés de matières premières versus marchés financiers". Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21021.
Texto completoTaïx, Pierre. "Des cours des matières premières aux prix à la consommation : mesures et tentatives d'identification des mécanismes de transmission". Bordeaux 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR40007.
Texto completoVerdelhan, Cécile de. "Mise en place d'une informatisation dans le flux de matières premières". Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P122.
Texto completoNguyen, Vu-Nhat. "Etude des marchés de matières premières : valorisation et couverture d’instruments dérivés". Paris 9, 2004. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2004PA090075.
Texto completoThe main goal of this thesis is to characterize the behavior of commodity prices and to apply these results to the pricing and hedging of commodity derivatives. Although the literature refers to the fact that price volatility increases as the inventory decreases as a consequence of the theory of storage, this observation has so far been documented by using a proxy for inventory. Chapter 2 involves the building of world and US soybean inventories in order to provide a direct test for the aforementioned relationship. Following the results of this test, two- and three-factor models are developed, the third factor being “scarcity”, the inverse of the inventory level. The superiority of the three-factor model demonstrates the central role played by inventory in explaining the shape and the dynamics of the soybean forward curve. Chapter 3 provides empirical evidence of the “reverse leverage effect”, the “maturity effect”, and the “convexity effect”, which are the main features of energy commodity volatility smiles. The contribution of Chapter 4 is two-fold. First of all, a nearly closed-form commodity futures option model is developed to include the majority of the realistic features documented in the commodity literature: stochastic convenience yield, stochastic volatility, and random jumps in both price and volatility. This model is the first to allow for correlations between the spot price, the spot volatility, and the convenience yield, and between the two types of jumps. Secondly, the relative merits of modeling each of these features are empirically examined by applying the above model and its special cases to natural gas option prices. The last chapter is concerned with testing and estimating cointegration relationships between spot and futures prices for separate maturities of six industrial metals, as well as those between their inventories
Dam, Xuan Hiep. "Dynamique des marchés de matières premières : chaos, processus ARCH et jeux". Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE21028.
Texto completoThe thesis wants to demonstrate that the dynamics of market movements is non-linear, more chaotic. In these cases, the models and methods of the classical competition are unable to explain market behaviors. Thereby, we use two non-linear tests : chaos and arch. Two types of interaction strategic models, the oligopole theory and the theory of games, are instruments to explain complex behaviors and non-linear of markets. They allow us also to adjust and intervene in movements of markets if they are chaotic
Dussort, Pierre. "L'arôme du gin : identification des composés clés et rôle des matières premières". Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS098.
Texto completoIn order to identify the compounds responsible for gin aroma, a GCO-MS procedure based on detection frequency analysis has been developed. It allowed the determination of volatile compound odorant intensity. Their odor quality has been defined thanks to a developed aroma wheel, used to categorize the obtained descriptors. This approach permitted the identification of gin aroma potential impact compounds. The origin of these compounds has then been determined by studying the different botanicals involved in the gin recipe. The obtained results showed that juniper berries and coriander seeds were the main contributors in terms of volatile impact compounds. At the opposite, orris roots, liquorice and almond did not seem to provide any of them. We thus differentiated the “major botanicals” from the “minor botanicals” according to their supply in volatile impact compounds. This hypothesis has been globally validated by different sensory tests on botanical distillate mixtures. Finally, a recombination procedure has been proposed in order to validate a selection of impact compounds. A multicriteria approach (odor intensity, odor quality, physic-chemical properties…) led to the creation of several recombinates. They have been sensorially analyzed by a free sorting task, which allowed determining their proximity with the target gin and the distance between them. Thus, around fifteen compounds have been identified as key compounds for gin aroma
Grigorova, Zhenya. "La réglementation internationale du commerce de matières premières : l'exemple des ressources énergétiques". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D023.
Texto completoNo English summary available
Amallah, Abdellah. "Rôle et nature de la spéculation sur les marchés des matières premières". Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX24011.
Texto completoWhen one discusses raw materials, one is interested primarily in their trade, in the fluctuation of their price and in the stability of their export earnings. Several agreements have been concluded which have enabled the long-term stabilisation of raw material prices. Nevertheless, this so-called stabilisation is deceptive, for the cost of certain products is not able to be maintained within the agreed-upon range. Newbery and Stiglitz demonstrate that the reduction of the degree of price fluctuation tends to reduce the average revenue of the producers. Their analysis is based upon the efficacy of risk-reduction in terms of standard deviation. They reject the principle of the exogenous institutions of stabilisation (international commodity agreements and compensatory financing Stabex -) and recommend the use of futures markets in order to stabilise the revenue of the producer. The primary question to ask concerns the limits of stabilisation that these institutions are able to establish. Futures markets allow a short-term stabilisation, while the producer countries search a long-term stabilisation. One is concerned here with the possibility of "marrying" these previously cited institutions and of discovering by what means one is able to take over for the other at the point that the first reaches the limit of it's efficacy such as has already been done in the famous " Policy Mix "
Dupé, Antoine. "Transformation de matières premières renouvelables par métathèse : nouveaux catalyseurs et procédés propres". Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S105.
Texto completoThe production of raw materials from natural renewable resources is currently a subject of great interest, as a substitute for petroleum resources and for its impact on sustainable development. In this context, the use of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters arising from transesterification of vegetable oils in catalytic reactions, such as olefin metathesis, is very attractive. Several processes for the transformation of fatty esters by ruthenium-catalyzed olefin metathesis reactions were developed. From these fatty esters, an access to highly functionalized 1,3-conjugated dienes by mean of one-pot enyne metathesis/Diels-Alder or enyne metathesis/allylic substitution reactions was described. The simultaneous synthesis of dihydropyran derivatives and aliphatic esters from methyl ricinoleate was performed. These products, valuable in fine chemistry and in polymer industry, were obtained by functionalization of methyl ricinoleate followed by ring-closing metathesis. The synthesis of terminal epoxides from fatty esters by tandem ethenolysis/epoxidation reaction was studied. However the efficiency of the process being unsatisfying, an alternative way to synthesize these epoxides by cross-metathesis of terminal fatty esters with 2-(but-3-enyl)oxirane was investigated. Finally, the synthesis of new cobalt complexes which could potentially lead to active catalysts for olefin metathesis was tackled
Ben, Kebaier Sana. "Essais sur les prix des matières premières et les marchés de l'énergie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED033.
Texto completoThe specification of commodity market efficiency and the impact of investors behavior on commodity prices are important to analyze in terms of profit-making, trading strategies, and risk management. Moreover, given the high occurrence of market extreme changes, it is important to analyze commodity prices in a time- frequency perspective and to consider all market conditions. This thesis attempt to cover recent features in commodity markets efficiency using recent empirical methods and including the latest developments in commodity economics and financial econometrics. In this thesis, we prove that commodity market efficiency is sensitive to different market conditions and to different time-frequencies. The results depend on the nature of the commodity, its storage process, its dynamics, and volatilities. The first chapter the dependence between commodity spot and futures prices during positive and negative extreme periods. The second chapter explicit the behavioral finance theory in commodity markets and focus on the impact of market and investor sentiment on energy futures prices, taking into consideration the short, medium, and long-term. The third chapter is a comparative study between the American and the European natural gas markets; We explore the pricing and informational efficiencies in a time-frequency domain. We confirm the different reactions of commodities to market conditions and we conclude that precious metals are the most efficient, whereas the natural gas market is the most sensitive. We also confirm the bidirectional and unidirectional causalities between the energy futures process and several sentiment proxies. Finally, we conclude that the American natural gas market is more efficient compared to the European natural gas market
Eyeghe-Minko, Thomas. "Le marché mondial des produits de base (1970-1983) : essai sur le rôle des États et des FMN". Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100007.
Texto completoBiyaga, David. "Les mécanismes théoriques de stabilisation des prix des produits de base : l'exemple de la stabilisation des prix du cacao et café au Cameroun". Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090035.
Texto completoSeudieu, Ouhoble Denis. "Gestion du risque de fluctuations des cours des produits de base". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601219k.
Texto completoJondreville, Catherine. "Utilisation digestive des acides aminés des matières premières chez le porc en croissance". Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00005774.
Texto completoL'excrétion endogène basale d'azote est en moyenne de 1.14 g/kg MSI. L'animal en est le principal facteur de variation.
En moyenne, la DIV de l'N des céréales se situe entre 77% pour le seigle et 87-89% pour le blé, le triticale, et le maïs. Celle des issues de meunerie passe de 94% pour les farines basses à 70% pour les sons. Celle du corn gluten feed varie de 62 à 75%, selon le lot. Elle est de 74% pour le tourteau de colza, 81 % pour le tourteau de tournesol et 88% pour le tourteau de soja. La DIV des AA des issues de meunerie, du corn gluten feed et du tourteau de soja peut être prédite à partir de leurs teneurs en fibres insolubles et/ou du pourcentage d'azote lié au résidu NDF (NNDF).
En moyenne, l'excrétion endogène spécifique d'N se situe entre 1.1 et 2.1 g/kg MS pour les céréales. Elle est de 3.6 et 7.9 g/kg MS pour, respectivement, le tourteau de soja et le tourteau de colza. Pour la plupart des matières premières, l'excrétion endogène spécifique d'N augmente significativement avec la teneur en fibres insolubles. Toutefois, plus l'animal est léger, plus il semble sensible à une augmentation de la teneur en fibres insolubles, et en particulier en ligno-cellulose, du régime. Par ailleurs, la fibre de type blé serait plus stimulante que la fibre de type orge. Des équations de prédiction de l'excrétion endogène spécifique d'N en fonction de la teneur en ADF (Acid Detergent Fibre) du lot de matière première et du poids de l'animal sont proposées.
En moyenne, la DIR de l'azote est supérieure à 95% pour le blé, le triticale et le maïs, elle est de 94% pour le tourteau de soja, 91 % pour le sorgho, 88% pour l'orge, 84% pour le seigle et 86% pour le tourteau de colza.
Silvestre, Stephan. "Asymétries, volatilité et déterminants des prix sur les marchés des matières premières énergétiques". Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100192/document.
Texto completoChanges in oil and fuel prices since the 1970s represent a major subject of study for economists, particularly because of tbeir impact on consumer purchasing power. In the 1990s, economists have ideotified and modeled an asymmetric effect in the transmission oil prices, which they deepened through more sophisticated econometric models. However, the role ofvolatility is still imperfectly de.scribed and questions remain open. How do economic agents change their behavior in times of increased uncertainty? Are transmission factors of prices affected? What differences are there between the upstream and downstream in the value chaio? These issues are addressed in three studies, which have been or will be the subject of publications in internatiooaJ journals. As a whole, this thesis shows the importance of the role of regime changes in the transmission of prices on energy markets. Our results also aUowed us to confirm or deny some assomptions ofliterature, such as the preseoce of asymmetries in the French fuel market, their disappearance in the downstream market as a result of competition and strengthening of public control, the effect of price volatility on asymmetries or that of the US production of sbale gas on the oatural gasconsumption. Tbese empirical results are of academic interest to ecooomists, but also operational for market regulators and governments in the management of the energy transition
Féblot-Augustins, Jehanne. "La circulation des matières premières lithiques au paléolithique : synthèse des données, perspectives comportementales". Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100186.
Texto completoBased on bibliographical data, this comprehensive research bearing on raw material transport and territorial exploitation patterns spans the archaic and lower Paleolithic of Africa and the whole of the western and central European Paleolithic. Behavioral perspectives are developed with reference to technology in relation to procurement distances. The question addressed through the study of raw material distribution is basically that of man's dealings with space over two million years. Is examined from two complementary viewpoints: that of diachronic change and that of synchronic variability. Evidence points to change within a continuum, a definite speeding up in the pace of change occurring across the middle upper Paleolithic divide. From the synchronic viewpoint of variability, a major result is the existence of a very significant relation between scale of mobility and increasing continentally. This brings to light the influence of environment on overall subsistence strategies. At the same time, the techno economic consistency within each period, irrespective of the environmental context, suggests the existence among contemporary groups of a shared conception of the constraints involved by their technical culture
Six, Pierre. "Couverture et investissement sur les marchés de matières premières avec "convenience yield" aléatoire". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010032.
Texto completoJaeck, Edouard. "Hétérogénéité, financiarisation et formation des prix dans les marchés dérivés de matières premières". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED003/document.
Texto completoCommodity futures markets have a long history. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, both the financialization process and the development of futures markets on a non-storable commodity (the electricity) have shake up their functioning.The three essays of this thesis study theoretically and empirically commodity futures markets in different situations of functioning.The first essay is an empirical study that shows that the Samuelson effect exists on electricity derivative markets. As a consequence, it shows that storage is not a necessary condition for such an effect.The second essay is a model that shows how the dynamic behavior of storable commodity prices on a segmented futures market is affected by its physical characteristics, and more precisely by the cost of storage.Further, the third essay is a model that shows that financialization changes the risk sharing function of commodity futures markets, whatever the concerned maturity
Tissandié, Loïc. "Analyse et valorisation des matières premières à odeur boisée : ciblage des composés odorants". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4244.
Texto completoThis Ph.D. dissertation sums up the work carried out as part of a thorough and systematic analytical study of woody-scented substances. These substances define a family of ingredients unanimously appreciated for their powerful notes, and sought by perfumers to compose some of the most emblematic accords in perfumery. The raw materials included in the frame of this study are the oils of Guaiac, Araucaria, Patchouli, Alaska Yellow Cypress, Vetiver, and Agarwood, as well as some of their by-products. Most of these raw materials are ingredients commonly used by the perfume industry. Their chemical specificity comes from their composition largely dominated by sesquiterpene derivatives, giving these extracts an undeniable molecular complexity. The main objectives of this Ph.D. thesis were to improve the knowledge of these raw materials in terms of chemical composition, to determine as much as possible the odorous compounds contributing to their odor, and finally to explore possible ways of valorization for these products on an industrial scale.The analytical methodology developed throughout this study required the combined use of a wide range of chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques in order to characterize these raw materials as precisely as possible and achieve the isolation of their unknown constituents. Thus, our work revolved around four central tools: comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC × GC-MS), gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC–O), preparative capillary-gas chromatography (pc-GC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Almost 190 compounds have been isolated and characterized, 107 of which are described for the first time as constituents of natural extracts
Massei, Kimberley. "Caractérisation et valorisation de matières premières aromatiques : le ciste, la myrrhe et l'encens". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2022. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2022COAZ4096.
Texto completoSince their origin on Earth, humans have used natural substances present in their environment to meet their vital needs. These raw materials, of mineral, vegetable or animal origin, are used by human beings every days to feed, protect and shelter themselves. In addition to these essential functions for our survival, plant materials have been used since Antiquity for their numerous virtues: religious, curative and odorant. Preparations based on raw plant material, were commonly obtained from flowers, aromatic plants but also gum-resins of incense, myrrh and labdanum. Even today, these exudates are used all over the world for their odorant and medicinal properties. However, their phytochemical composition still holds many secrets, and many compounds remain to be discovered and characterized. Only recently, the typical note of incense (due to olibanic acids), have been identified in the resin of Boswellia sacra. Other constituents of medicinal interest such as boswellic acids, deserve to be quantified in other less known incense species. Similarly, in the essential oil from the gum resin of the myrrh species Commiphora myrrha, compounds of olfactory interest remain to be chemically characterized in order to complete the knowledge of these plants. Another exudate deserving to be studied with regard to its odorant virtues is the one from Cistus ladanifer, whose resin "labdanum" still enters in the composition of numerous perfumes. A powerful odor emanates from this typical plant of our Mediterranean region, and an exhaustive identification of the odorants composing it is essential.Although many works have been done to elucidate the complete composition of these resins, numerous compounds remain to be characterized and quantified in order to make the best use of these resins. Therefore, the study of these aromatic raw materials is essential today to unravel the secrets of their coveted virtues. To that end, various techniques of extraction of these raw materials (maceration, Soxhlet extraction, hydro-distillation), and techniques of separation of these compounds (flash chromatography, separation on silica column in normal phase or grafted with silver nitrate) were used throughout this thesis work. In addition, several powerful analytical tools to identify, characterize, quantify (GC-MS, NMR, GC-Olfactometry, UHPLC-Orbitrap) and isolate (GC-preparative) these compounds have been adopted and optimized, and will be discussed here. In a first step, a chapter allowing to situate the bibliographic context of the studies carried out on these three raw materials will be presented. A second chapter will present our analytical approach to characterize and valorize non-volatile and semi-volatile compounds of various incense species for their medicinal interest. Several methods of extraction and analysis of compounds of medicinal interest were tested, optimized and adapted to the nature of the compounds to be identified. Enzymatic activity tests were also applied to several extracts of an incense species, in order to valorize it. A third chapter will allow to characterize and quantify the high impact odorants of these raw materials, thanks to a method developed and designed for the analysis of trace compounds (GC-MS-SIDA), as well as by the use of efficient extraction techniques (Kugelrohr distillation, vacuum distillation). This work will end with a chapter including a discussion and a general conclusion on the results obtained during the work carried out during this thesis, and will open the discussion on future work and perspectives to complete the characterization and valorization of various aromatic raw materials
Barros, Maria Paula. "Analyses des stratégies d'acquisition et production lithique dans la région Pampeana, province de Buenos Aires, Argentine". Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100020/document.
Texto completoThe results of an archaeological research in the south-western portion of Tandilia System and Interserrana area (Humid Pampas subregion, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina) are presented. The main objective of this thesis is the study of provisioning and exploitation of lithic raw materials by prehispanic pampean hunter-gatherers during the late Holocene. To understand how rocks have circulated and which mechanisms were used for their supply, lithic raw materials available in the studied area and the activities carried out by prehistoric groups in the outcrops are characterized. The methodologies for lithic artefacts analyses that have been used in the pampean region are also discussed. From this background, and also applying structural analysis methodologies derived from the French School, archaeological assemblages of lithic artefacts were analyzed. During the field surveys in the studied area, a variety of rock outcrops were located, and evidence of phtanite and silicified dolomite exploitation was also recognized. The study of lithic materials recovered from two archaeological sites associated to the exploitation of silicified dolomite (Cerro Tres Lomas 1 site) and phtatinte (Cerro Núcleo Central 1 site), made possible to know how the debitage of these rocks was carried in the past. To sum up, this research allowed new lithic raw material quarries to be recognized for the pampean region. From the technological analyses of the lithic artefacts recovered at the quarry-workshops, it is propose that silicified dolomite left these sites as cores, flakes and blanks. In the case of phtanite it is inferred a transport from these sites as natural bloc, cores and blanks. All the information gathered in this thesis is a contribution to understand how the prehistoric pampean groups exploited silicified dolomite and phtanite form the beginning of their debitage
Wang, Zaizhi. "Commodity Derivatives : Modeling and Pricing". Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0088.
Texto completoCommodity prices have been rising at an unprecedented pace over the last years making commodity derivatives more and more popular in many sectors like energy, metals and agricultural products. The quick development of commodity market as well as commodity derivative market results in a continuously uprising demand of accuracy and consistency in commodity derivative modeling and pricing. The specification of commodity modeling is often reduced to an appropriate representation of convenience yield, intrinsic seasonality and mean reversion of commodity price. As a matter of fact, convenience yield can be extracted from forward strip curve and then be added as a drift term into pricing models such as Black Scholes model, local volatility model and stochastic volatility model. Besides those common models, some specific commodity models specially emphasize on the importance of convenience yield, seasonality or mean reversion feature. By giving the stochasticity to convenience yield, Gibson Schwartz model interprets the term structure of convenience yield directly in its model parameters, which makes the model extremely popular amongst researchers and market practitioners in commodity pricing. Gabillon model, in the other hand, focuses on the feature of seasonality and mean reversion, adding a stochastic long term price to correlate spot price. In this thesis, we prove that there is mathematical equivalence relation between Gibson Schwartz model and Gabillon model. Moreover, inspired by the idea of Gyöngy, we show that Gibson Schwartz model and Gabillon model can reduce to one-factor model with explicitly calculated marginal distribution under certain conditions, which contributes to find the analytic formulas for forward and vanilla options. Some of these formulas are new to our knowledge and other formulas confirm with the earlier results of other researchers. Indeed convenience yield, seasonality and mean reversion play a very important role, but for accurate pricing, hedging and risk management, it is also critical to have a good modeling of the dynamics of volatility in commodity markets as this market has very fluctuating volatility dynamics. While the formers (seasonality, mean reversion and convenience yield) have been highly emphasized in the literature on commodity derivatives pricing, the latter (the dynamics of the volatility) has often been forgotten. The family of stochastic volatility model is introduced to strengthen the dynamics of the volatility, capturing the dynamic smile of volatility surface thanks to a stochastic process on volatility itself. It is a very important characteristic for pricing derivatives of long maturity. Stochastic volatility model also corrects the problem of opposite underlying-volatility correlation against market data in many other models by introducing correlation parameter explicitly. The most popular stochastic volatility models include Heston model, Piterbarg model, SABR model, etc. As pointed out by Piterbarg, the need of time-dependent parameters in stochastic volatility models is real and serious. It is because in one hand stochastic volatility models with constant parameters are generally incapable of fitting market prices across option expiries, and in the other hand exotics do not only depend on the distribution of the underlying at the expiry, but on its dynamics through all time. This contradiction implies the necessity of time-dependent parameters. In this thesis, we extend Piterbarg's idea to the whole family of stochastic volatility model, making all the stochastic volatility models having time-dependent parameters and show various formulas for vanilla option price by employing various techniques such as characteristic function, Fourier transform, small error perturbation, parameter averaging, etc
Mamouni-El, Aoufir Rachida. "Les Prix internationaux des produits de base". Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607644b.
Texto completoChahoud, Ahmad. "Les matières premières en Mésopotamie au XVIIIème siècle av. J.-C., d’après les textes". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20042.
Texto completoThe scarcity, in Mésopotamie, of important raw materials as wood, the stone or metals, undoubtedly played a great part in its development, by obliging the capacities to adapt their policies to this situation. But d' other raw materials exist with profusion in these areas and their privileged use also deeply marked this civilization. Documentary richness of the Royal archives of Husband, at the 18th front century J. - C. makes it possible to consider a thorough study of these questions, providing us a quantity of information as well from local point of view as international, relating to all the raw materials types, and not only those which were to be imported. Documentation is composed of very many administrative texts, providing information ″ objectifies ″. It comprises also a good quantity of letters, which give us information more difficult to interpret (not dated and often very allusive), but which makes it possible to include/understand very concrete aspects of these problems. One studies all thus d' access vegetable raw materials coming from the agricultural activities: dry cereals, sesame, vegetables, green vegetables and small aromatic plants, as well as trees (poplar, palm tree, etc), invaluable for their possible fruits like for their wood. One s' is also questioned on the problem of l' importation of certain types of wood, necessary for construction. Animal raw materials, (meat, skin, wool, etc), coming from l' breeding, play a crucial role in Mésopotamie, and especially in the areas where the company is founded on a balance between the lifestyles sedentary-agricultural and semi-nomad-pastoral. The production, the transformation and the circulation of this type of matters are at the base d' most of the richness of this civilization. As for the mineral raw materials, they are rare in Mésopotamie, if l' one puts aside l' clay - largely used for the construction and the production of ceramics. However, as of prehistory, the circulation of these matters, imported for a local use or within the framework of more or less complex commercial procedures, played a part very important in economic development and cultural
Diatta, Marthe tatiana. "Matières premières argileuses du Sénégal : caractéristiques et applications aux produits céramiques de grande diffusion". Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0026/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this study is to explore the possibility of using three clays for the local ceramic industry in Senegal. We used a red clay (NM) and two gray clays (MN1) and (MN 2) from the region of Ziguinchor in Nema and Tambacounda in Niani Maleme, respectively. The study of the physicochemical characteristics of clays indicates that the chemical and mineralogicalcompositions contain the presence of quartz, kaolinite, illite, montmorillonite and goethite. Their structural characteristics and their surface areas are similar. Their mineralogical characteristics lead to a classification in groups of Kaolino-illite clays or Kaolino-smectite. By thermal analysis, typical phase transformation temperatures were well identified. The shaping by uniaxial pressing of moistened and granulated powders of clays was optimized. The properties in use of the sintered products were measured indicating that the mechanical properties are limited, although cristobalite and mullite constitute the major mineral phases in microstructures. Porosity was measured after sintering at different temperatures (1000°C, 1100°C and 1200°C), ranging from 25% to 30% and with a little lowering with increasing the sintering temperature. Overall,results indicate that these clays do not attain satisfactory characteristics for the production of bricks. To improve the mechanical properties, an organic eco-sustainable substance, the Cola Cordifolia, has been added to clays. This additive induces a 28% increase of the mechanical strength of the red clay (NM) after firing at 1000°C, reaching the minimum value of the standard for bricks. Finally, other areas for improvement of properties in use were explored such as the addition of urea and potassium or sodium fluxes. These additions have helped the increase of densification of clay materials for the production of bricks
Joëts, Marc. "Prix des énergies et marchés financiers : vers une financiarisation des marchés de matières premières". Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100074/document.
Texto completoSince decades, energy prices are subject to increasing volatility affecting the whole economy. Compared to other commodity prices (for example precious metals and agro-industrial), energy price dynamics appear to be extremely uncertain both at short and long run. In a global economic context, this phenomenon is very important since intense variations of commodity prices can be tragic to real economy. This thesis focuses on the true nature of these movements. More formally, we investigate the commodity markets’ financialization, as well as the relationships between commodity and stock markets by unifying the fields of energy economics, econometrics, finance and psychology. This analysis is based on three themes: first energy prices relationships and their financial properties are analyzed, and then the behavioral and emotional specification of energy markets are studied, finally comovements between stock and commodity markets’ volatility are considered
Dubois, Philippe. "Exploitation des matières premières lithiques dans des industries du paléolithique moyen en Languedoc oriental". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30024.
Texto completoTchibinda, Jean-Paul. "Le Transport des matières premières, révélateur des contradictions économiques, sociales et régionales au Gabon". Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX23006.
Texto completoLoutia, Amine. "La financiarisation des matières premières et des marchandises : formation des prix et co-mouvements". Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E045.
Texto completoThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to examine the commodity's financialization impact on the commodity markets. ln particular, we focus on its two main consequences; namely the informational role and the correlation between the commodities markets. This thesis consists of three chapters that can be read independently. ln the first chapter, we examine the OPEC's production announcements' informational impact on crude oil's price between 1991 and 2015. ln this analysis, we employ the event study methodology in association with an EGARCH (Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic) model, unlike the relevant literature, to take into consideration the volatile nature of crude oil prices. ln addition, we use two different crude oil price benchmarks (The Western Texas Intermediate (WTI) and the BRENT). Our methodology provides us with some new results. Especially, OPEC's role depends on the crude oil's price level and is more pronounced when this level is low. Moreover, the maintain and the cut production announcements are the most influential. However, their effect is different depending on the benchmark used. The second chapter is very similar to the previous chapter as it employs the same methodology to analyze the effects of OPEC' s announcements. Nevertheless, in sharp contrast to the previous chapter and unlike the existing literature, this chapter examines OPEC's production decisions impact on stocks prices including ail the economic sectors by appropriately using a 3-factor Fama French model. Our results indicate that OPECs announcements effect is higher during oil price's turbulent times and depends on industries specific characteristics. Furthermore, the increase and cut production announcements are the most significant respectively. The last chapter is dedicated to the second aspect of the financialization phenomenon examined in this thesis that is the commodities dependence structure. In this study, we employ the ADCC (Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlations) to mode! the correlations in association with a Markovian changing regimes model to highlight the correlations cycles evolution over time. Our results show a greater integration of the commodities markets and an alteration of the price discovery process
Anani, Edem. "Fluctuations des cours des matières premières : Enjeux de soutenabilité - Application à l'Afrique de l'Ouest". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV065.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is to re-evaluate the debates around the sustainability of development based on the exploitation of raw materials by analysing the recent dynamics of commodity prices in a long-term perspective. This research is based on the hypothesis that the entry of commodity prices into a high price regime would constitute an opportunity for emergence for a change in the sustainable development trajectory of West African economies. Indeed, in the early 2000s, West African countries resumed economic growth, averaging 6 % annually (OECD, 2013). This renewed growth is taking place in an external and internal context of the implementation of new regulatory methods in the primary sector. But above all, the renewal of West African growth has taken place in a context of rising commodity prices leading to booms in the terms of trade and mining rent. Analysis of the impact of the boom on sustainability based on the genuine savings indicator reveals that the West African zone (Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal) is not sustainable in the weak sense, even during the boom. Individually, only Ivory Coast, Mauritania and Senegal have been able to exploit booms in a sustainable way. The other countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Liberia, Mali and Niger) are not sustainable due to the lack of investment in productive capital. This calls into question the quality of institutions in terms of managing the income generated by the boom. The analysis of the impact of institutional quality on genuine savings shows that better institutional quality would ensure the sustainability of the economy in West Africa
Hugou, Brice. "Les marchés financiers de matières premières agricoles à la lumière du droit des contrats". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT2032/document.
Texto completoFood security requires that each inviduals can obtain food in sufficient quantity and quality. This means that food prices must be neither too high for consumers nor too low for producers. After the food riots that started in 2008 following the increase of food prices, many concerns have been expressed about the impact of financial makets toward this rise. In order to shred some light on this issue from a legal point of view, this work aims to review differents aspects of the developpment and functionning of financial markets. Special attention will be given to the contracts which are used to into financial opérations Indeed, the legislator reunited all of the various financial contracts under the same legal qualification, without regards for their underlying. However, non financial commodities are different from financial commodities as they can lead to a physical delivery, and be regarded as commercial transactions or financial operations. Thus, they should get an autonomous legal status
Truong, Ba Thanh. "Décomposition temporelle des prix internationaux des matières premières : tests d'efficience et analyse de causalité". Grenoble 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE21006.
Texto completoStudying the necessity of the distinction between sone fluctuations in the short and mid-long term in the evolution of primary commodity price and considering the specifity of underline mechanismes, this thesis was replied some questions : in what extent the hypothesis of information efficiency does apply to primary commodity market? is it testable for evolution in mid term of primary commodity price? is it in contradiction with a notion of causalmity that seem do apply to mechanismes of mid term? this thesis is built in two parts. The first part deals with information efficiency and the process of evolution in short term of primary commodity price. Tests of weak form of efficience are led from combining of methods (tests of philippesperron, cointegration, error correction model, var model). In particular it is focused on the relation between spot prices and futures prices. The second part examine the hypothesis of information efficiency within the context of mid term of price primary commodity. This hypothesis linked her with analysis of causality. This analysis is based on a causality of granger (1987) and the hypothesis of information efficiency is studied the context of models "co-movement" and "excess co-movement". Tests are focused on the causal relation between a price and some fundalentals and between prices of various products
Fam, Papa Gueye. "Marchés des matières premières agricoles et dynamique des cours : un réexamen par la financiarisation". Thesis, Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL2002/document.
Texto completoFaced with instability of agricultural commodities’ prices and its consequences especially for developing countries, the first part of this thesis is devoted to the presentation of food commodities’ prices, including recent developments with respect to the offering, taking into account the consequences of global warming and demand, as well as the importance of biofuels. It is also question to present the financialization of economies, and the doubts that take over the role of speculation on the futures markets or the implementation of monetary policies, on the spot prices observed on physical agricultural commodities markets. Following the advanced literature reflections and elements, the second part proceeds of two empirical studies, the first one focused on the impact of speculation about the financial futures markets on the underlying asset’s price (agricultural), while the second one examines the role of money markets through the capacities of the central banker to stabilize short-term interest rates. On this basis, conclusions but also future research are established due to the continuation of the economies financialization process
Fam, Papa Gueye. "Marchés des matières premières agricoles et dynamique des cours : un réexamen par la financiarisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOUL2002.
Texto completoFaced with instability of agricultural commodities’ prices and its consequences especially for developing countries, the first part of this thesis is devoted to the presentation of food commodities’ prices, including recent developments with respect to the offering, taking into account the consequences of global warming and demand, as well as the importance of biofuels. It is also question to present the financialization of economies, and the doubts that take over the role of speculation on the futures markets or the implementation of monetary policies, on the spot prices observed on physical agricultural commodities markets. Following the advanced literature reflections and elements, the second part proceeds of two empirical studies, the first one focused on the impact of speculation about the financial futures markets on the underlying asset’s price (agricultural), while the second one examines the role of money markets through the capacities of the central banker to stabilize short-term interest rates. On this basis, conclusions but also future research are established due to the continuation of the economies financialization process
Kourouvakalis, Stylianos. "Méthodes numériques pour la valorisation d’options swings et autres problèmes sur les matières premières". Paris 9, 2008. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090047.
Texto completoThe thesis presents a construction of a grid that discretizes the threshold model introduced by Geman and Roncoroni (2006) for electricity spot prices, incorporating both mean reversion and jumps, the direction of the latter depending on the price of the underlying at the time of the jump. The grid is used for the pricing of derivatives of European style, by backward induction method, in a setting of both constant and time-changing parameters. Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy of the grid method which in addition is a lot faster to run. The grid is also extended to a multi-layer framework for the pricing of swing options, of both storage and supply type, in the general case of time-changing parameters, where once again Monte Carlo simulations confirm the accuracy of the pricing results. The thesis ends with a study of the impact of commodity price returns to the returns of stock prices of companies that produce the relevant commodity (oil, copper and wheat are used in the study). The results provide evidence that the stock prices are indeed influenced by the price of the relevant commodity and that this influence has increased in recent years
Meffre, Antoine. "Matériaux de stockage thermique haute température issus de la valorisation de matières premières secondaires inorganiques". Perpignan, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PERP1238.
Texto completoGuilbert, Christophe. "Contrôle qualité assisté par ordinateur des matières premières servant à la fabrication des médicaments homéopathiques". Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR2P082.
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