Tesis sobre el tema "Rites et cérémonies funéraires – Égypte – Antiquité"
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Desclaux, Vanessa. "Les Appels aux passants en Égypte ancienne : approche historique d’un genre littéraire". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20059.
Texto completoThis Dissertation deals with the so-called “Appeal to the Living Ones” in Ancient Egypt since its beginning during the Fourth Dynasty until the end of the Pharaonic period. The identity of this formula will be sought over three millennia, in two main directions : History and Phrasæology.The first section “ Calling to the Living Ones ” will be devoted to the identification of contexts in which the appeals took place over time. It will provide an overview of the formula sorted by eras, referring to social groups who used it and its places of discovery.The archæological data will help us to survey the staging of the speech of the deceased. It seems indeed that the rhetoric of the appeals extends to the entire memorial. Furthermore, the decorum is involved in the capatio benevolentiae.In the second section, “ Commemorating over three millennia ”, we will extract and prospect the role of historicity at work in the formula. Phrasæology used in the appeals is first examined from the point of view of the Sitz im Leben. Then, we will analyse the ritual actions expected. Finally, we will try to rebuild the ritual sequences towards the dead, based on informations contained in the formula.The last section, “ The appeal, staging of a cohesive society ”, will highlight the ideological part of the formula. The appeal deals mainly with social Maat. It establishes a bridge between generations, beyond life and death. The success and the longevity of the formula seems to be connected to both mundane and ideologic preoccupations
Joubert, Émil. "Cartographies de l'éternité - Concevoir l'au-delà et le mobilier d'une sépulture collective du début de la XXIème dynastie égyptienne". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2024SORUL002.pdf.
Texto completoAt the beginning of the Third Intermediate Period (1069-664 B.C.), the Egyptian 21st dynasty (1069-945 B.C.) was characterized by the grouping of burials and a restriction of the furniture to a few elements - nested coffins, papyrus and shabtis - closely surrounding the mummy. By studying these objects, we can gain a better understanding of the way in which death and the rites associated with it were inserted in culture. Several lines of enquiry are proposed here, based on the corpus offered by a Theban collective burial site from the first half of the period, which has no archaeological context but housed around ten individuals, including “superiors of the keepers of the writings of the Treasure of the Domain of Amun” (ḥry sȝwty sš.w Pr-ḥḏ Pr-Jmn).Material analysis provides a better understanding of the production processes for this funerary furniture. While illustrating the great variability in practices, both over time and in synchrony, it highlights the attention paid to the layout of the iconotextual programme, whose articulations are reflected in the materiality. The circulation and recomposition of models also highlight the miscellaneity at work in creation and personalization.The importance of these aspects underlines the iconotext as a discourse structured by indexes of vectoriality and the corporeal anchoring of certain motifs. The resonance of scenes and texts from one object to another through their spatialization develops a unique funerary rhetoric, creating a sacralizing cosmogram around the body, sometimes in the image of a temple. The interaction between the inner and outer coffins signals the embedding of the body in the other world, and its inclusion in a wider universe. The different mappings created by the media used - three-dimensional coffins and more linear papyrus - reflect the complex pathways linking the Duat and the daytime world, leading to transfiguration.Access to deceased status is displayed during funeral rites that highlight the stages of glorification and ensure community involvement. The link to prestigious ancestors may be established through references or reuse of antique furniture. The ceremonies demonstrate membership of a social world, whose cohesion and links with royalty are asserted, notably through the probable role of certain members of the corpus in the reburial of past sovereigns and through parallels with the furniture of the women of the reigning family.A study of this corpus suggests the gradual formation, over several generations, of a collective burial around prestigious figures. It illustrates the closeness of these relationships with the afterlife and the way in which they provided access to eternity through integration with a wider world that was both divine and human.Appendices include an illustrated list of the objects in the corpus and a description of the complete coffins set in the corpus
Minotti, Mathilde. "La parure prédynastique en contexte funéraire : technique et usage : le cas d’Adaïma". Paris, EHESS, 2015. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01957778.
Texto completoThe study of the cycle of manufacture and use of predynastic ornaments from Adaïma provides an approach to different societal domains : technical, aesthetic and functional. Each of these three socially entangled domains reveals an absence of standardization in the making, composition and use of ornaments. There could be several explanations for this observation. Factors might distort the picture given by the results of the analysis: for example, uncertainty over duration of each chronological phase identified by ceramic typology. On the other hand, a small community open to influences from the Nagadian centres and the neighbouring Nubian region certainly experienced phenomena of cultural recombination. The inhabitants re-appropriate outside references: they innovate. At Adaima, such innovation in ornamentation seems essentially to serve to individualise the deceased
Coudert, Magali. "La nécropole de l’Antiquité tardive du site d’El-Deir dans l’oasis égyptienne de Kharga : étude des pratiques funéraires coptes". Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040024.
Texto completoStudy of the west necropolis at the El-Deir site in the Egyptian oasis of Khargeh helps to acquire a better understanding of the knowledge of Egyptian funerary practicesin the Late Antiquity / Late Antique period, in the first ages of Christianity. The results of this research constitute an interesting prism through which to discover the Christian community that lived at El-Deir, in the north of the oasis, in the precise location where the presence of an important Christian population is attested from the 4th centuryvia numerous archaeological remains and textual sources. The morphology of the 150 tombs, their orientation, studies of the bodies – often mummified – and the grave goods have all been compared with those of some other Egyptian necropolises dating from the late Roman period to the early Byzantine period, namely from the 4th to the late 6thcentury. This confrontation of data has brought forth several criteriathat seem to allow identification of a Christian necropolis. The funerary practices established by the first Christians thus combine elements inherited from their ancestors that already existed in the traditional necropolises and elements related to the new belief in the Christian religion. In parallel, multidisciplinary studies conducted at El-Deir lead us to discover the daily life of Christians who lived on the site in the Late Antiquity. The environment in which this population progressed, the cultures it developed, its professional and hand-crafted activities, the pains endured by its members and the links between this community and the exterior thus start to be revealed
Baray, Luc. "Pratiques funéraires et sociétés celtiques : structures sociales et structures culturelles dans les cimetières protohistoriques du Bassin parisien (fin de 7e - début du 2e s. av. J.-C.)". Paris 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA010584.
Texto completoOn the basis of changes in burial custom an evidence for social hierarchy, this study examines cultural, social and historical processes of transformation an evolution in celtic populations in the eastern half of the Paris basin from the late 7th to the 2nd centuries b. C. The aim of the study is to distinguish funerary data relating to the social sphere from those depending on cultural factors. A new framework of relative chronology, entirely compatible with current european chronologies, is established by means of combinatory matrices (seriation). The period in question is divided into ten stages. The extensive geographical area chosen is marked by the quality and quantity of available evidence (a corpus of about 2000 graves). The various funerary traits, the architecture of the graves and associated monuments, the grave-goods and the burial mod es (cremation inhumation) are treated quantitatively in order to examine the variability of funerary customs in terms other than merely typological and chronological. Geographical and chronological patterns are revealed, challenging over-systematic social interpretations. It is shown that, throughout the period under consideration, the paris basin does not form a homogeneous cultural entity and that on the contrary it is made up of several cultural groups whose funerary traits attest to the permanence and stability of populations. A bipartition is revealed between the northern and southern zones of the paris basin. Analysis of mechanis ms underlying the celts' collective representation of death shows that the social sphere essentially relates to the dimension of the individual, whilst the elements which determine the cultural sphere concern respectively cultural identity and collective representations
Simon, Étienne. "Étude sur la mort, sa présence et ses rites dans la Grèce antique". Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30030.
Texto completoCiavatti, Aurore. "La fin de la Ve dynastie au regard des archives d’Abousir : aspects cultuels et économiques". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL129.
Texto completoDuring the 20th century, 3 sets of archives were discovered in royal funerary temples at Abousir. These archives, dating from the reign of Djedkare, are a particularly valuable testimony for anyone who wants to analyze the state of power at this time. Also, in order to re-study the reigns of the end of the Vth dynasty, it was necessary to propose in the very first stage a new typological catalog of this important papyrological corpus. We distinguished royal decrees, inventories of religious furniture, service rulings, receipts, distribution accounts and other variae. This review has led to new observations, including a complete reconstitution of the royal decrees found in these archives. A study was then devoted to the reigns of Menkaouhor, Djedkare and Unas: the specificities presented by their respective funeral complexes were examined, as the question of the comput of ruling years, which could correspond to an octaeteric cycle. The examination of the royal genealogy allows us to suppose calm and undisputed successions. The analysis of the archives of Abousir tells us about the functioning of the funerary temples, the religious gesture and the festivities which are realized there, as well as the composition and organization of the personnel. These administrative data reveal a complex economic system put in place to support these royal funerary cults, which highlights a specific politico-religious discourse which determines a new definition of kingship
Lagier-Besson, Catherine. "Étude des pratiques funéraires en Crète minoenne". Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010614.
Texto completoThe aim of this thesis is the study of the funerary practices in Minoan Crete. The subject is to present the world of the deceased and the relations established between the living and the dead. The first part is devoted to study the location of tombs in the environment and in relation to the settlement. After, the funerary architecture is presented. The second part include the treatment of the body
Brkojewitsch, Gaël. "Les pratiques funéraires dans les cités des Champs Phlégréens à l’époque romaine (IIIe siècle avant JC – VIe siècle après JC)". Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30013.
Texto completoThe dissertation addresses funerary practices during the Roman period in the Phlegraean Fields, a volcanic region located West of Naples. Chronological boundaries are defined from the acquisition of the civitas sine suffragio by the city of Cumae in the third century before Christ, to the conquest of the city by the Goths in the sixth century of our era. The dissertation is organized in three parts. The first lists the most modest monuments and tombs excavated in the region. 269 forms detail numeroux contexts but the documentation is often insufficient to deal with the topic. In the second part, a firsthand documentation is presented. Two areas of the Cumae necropolis are described and analyzed following a chronological outline. Each context benefits from a detailed archaeological description and the reader can also finds the central anthropological studies (by henri Duday ans StephanNaji). Chronology is based on the analyses of artifacts presented at the end of each chapter. In the third part, tomb architecture and funerary practices are discussed. First the architecture with the evolution of the peri-urban landscape and monuments as well as the spatial organization of space. Practices are discusses by describing the funerals, the entombment, and commemorations. Archaeological discoveries are interpreted from available sources (texts, engravings, iconographic documents). Supplementary documentation is fully accessible in a second 316 pages volume
Lugli, Ubaldo. "La rappresentazione dei revenants nella Roma antica". Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE5003.
Texto completoVillars, Noémi. "L'offrande de l’œil-oudjat dans les temples d’Égypte gréco-romaine". Paris, EPHE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EPHE5012.
Texto completoOn the walls of egyptian temples from the græco-‐roman period, you can find pictures that represent offering scenes. These show the king standing in front of a god/goddess, making an offering to them. On the sides and above the characters, you find the texts which explain the purpose, the recipient and the role of the offering. Each type of offering has its own meaning and importance, as well as its own purpose, and this is why each one is significant. The Udjat-‐eye is a great symbol in Ancient Egypt : it represents unity, health and integrity, and is used as magical-‐medicinal object. It is bound to a certain amount of myths, that are of royal or cosmic nature. It is the subject of 168 offering scenes in the many temples of græco-‐roman Egypt and Nubia, and therefore its analysis and understanding are to be done consistently. This thesis consists of the complete translation of these scenes, their linguistic, theological and thematical analysis, of a study according to the „Grammaire du temple“ point of view, and a theological synthesis which lets us understand what exactly the offering represents, and its role in the temples of græco-‐roman Egypt and amongst the other offerings. This also leads us to a better understanding of the whole process, and late egyptian religion
Zouair, Nagwa. "Influence de la religion égyptienne sur les Grecs en Egypte : les pratiques funéraires". Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/sdx/theses/lyon2/2004/zouair_n_notice.
Texto completoThe relation between the two civilisations have started since long time before the conquest of Alexander the Great to Egypt in 332 B. C. ; it dates back to VI dynasty (2460-2200 B. C. ). This relation had been developed through the history of Egypt of the Pharaohs. With the conquest of Alexander, a large number of the Greeks arrived and installed in Egypt. No doubt, they have conserved their costumes and tradition in what concern their daily life, their cults and especially their funerary practices as the inhumation and the cremation. Afterwards, they started to adopt the mummification, first in the Chôra and later in Alexandria. But this doesn't mean that the Greeks have abandoned their funerary customs: the inhumation and the mummification were practised side by side and the inhumation conserves some Greeks aspect like the obole of Charon. The necropolis discovered in Alexandria and the Chôra are the first sources of this study through which we try to explain the tree funerary practices in Egypt Greco-Roman and to put them in relief trying to indicate the resistance of certain costumes and the les aspects of Egyptian influences
Rives-Gal, Geneviève. "Funérailles, politique et idéologie monarchique dans le royaume de Macédoine de Philippe II à Demetrios Poliorcete (336-283 av. J. C. )". Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20059.
Texto completoIn spite of the opinion expressed by many scholars, macedonian royal funerary ritual is still quite unknown. Objective of the present thesis is to asses what can be accepted, by using sources dealing with exceptional funerals (burials of macedonian soldiers and funerals of hephaistion, the alexander's friend) and other sources dealing with kings funerals (four of these are known : Philip II, Alexander the great, Philip III and demetrios). The research shows how the exceptional funerary ceremonies extend out of the religious domain into the political one. The same process can he observed for the royal funerals, used by the heir to prove his legitimity. Moreover, from the alexander's funeral onward, one can also observe in the funerary rituals an increase in luxury, a more affirmation of the royal status (in particular by emphasising the royal attributes : arms, clothing, diadem, etc. And the royal way of life : hunting, banquets and baths) and the multiplication of the propaganda media. As an appendice to the above described work, the questions raised by the royal tombs of vergina one presented, in particular the ones related to the tomb II, that the discoverer, andronikos, attributes to Philip II, taking into account the information we have today on that matter, it is impossible to reach firm conclusion on the attribution of the tomb II
Sachet, Isabelle. "La mort dans l'Arabie antique : Pratiques funéraires nabatéennes comparées". Paris, EPHE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EPHE4099.
Texto completoIn this dissertation, we try to compare the funerary practices of the Nabataeans with those of their neighbours in ancient North Arabia, such as the Jews, the Palmyrenes as well as nomadic tribes living on the desert fringes. The area under Nabataean influence which is included in this study is the Ḥawrān, the Ḥijāz, , the Negev and Sinai. The aim is a synthesis based on archaeological data, both new and old, as well as literary and epigraphic sources. The first part of volume 1 is a typological study of Nabataean funerary monuments. It is followed by a study of the development of the necropoles followed in turn by a study of the spatial organisation of the areas devoted to funerary, domestic and religious monuments. The second part of the first volume offers a synthesis on Nabataean funerary practices as well as an essay on Nabataean society. Volumes 2 and 3 contain respectively the catalogue of the all recorded Nabataean tombs and the plates
Tranoy, Laurence. "Recherches sur les nécropoles antiques de Lyon : topographie et rites funéraires : l'acquis des fouilles récentes de La Favorite et du Quai Arloing". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX10021.
Texto completoThis study about roman necropolis in lyon is based on exploitation of literary sources with the contribution of three recent excavations. This work allows to tackle two themes : the growing of the suburbium and funeral rituels from the ist to the ivst century. Funeral areas are setted around roadways, drawing up zones out of the town. They are growing in a transient zone between rural and urban world, also filled by worksrooms and dwellings. Ostentation memorials are built near the ways leading from the colony, probably a few time after the founding (43 bc). Until the iiird century two ways are recorded on cremation practising : primary cremation (bustum) which was unknown ritual in this region before the roman conquest, and secondary cremation (by urn or pit). Inhumations are more difficult to date. Probably begenning at the end of the ist century and as much used as cremation during the iind and iiird century, inhumations become usual at the turning of the ivth and vth century
Eschenbrenner-Diemer, Gersande. "Les « modèles » égyptiens en bois : matériau, fabrication, diffusion, de la fin de l’Ancien à la fin du Moyen Empire (env. 2350-1630 av. J.-C)". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO20114.
Texto completoThe first part focuses on material analysis and process use for the manufacturing of funerary “models”. These wooden objects represent people or everyday scenes of life, used by Egyptian elites for funeral furniture between the end of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom (cir. 2350-1630 BC). In a first part, focused on objects from Saqqara, Assiut and Meir, the stylistic and technical features were examined to define groups of objects and workshops. Then, dating criteria were defined and compared with the funeral furniture discovered in the studied graves. According to one unwound chronological since the end of the Old Kingdom, the second part concentrates on workshops and interregional contacts. A particular attention is worn in the relationship between royal power, elites and craftsmen through the sending of funeral equipment and more particularly bare wooden models of the Memphite area to the Upper Egypt. The third part is interested in the social, economic and religious functions of the models and examines more particularly the narrow relationship which unites this furniture and the funeral practices between the end of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Middle Kingdom. The second volume presents the corpus of the examined wooden models. The third volume is dedicated to appendices. The examination of wooden models, significant of political and religious deep changes at the origin of new customs and funeral faiths between the VIth and the XIIIth dynasty, specifies the geographical, historic and social context associated with the manufacturing. The analysis of these objects allows refining the perception of the relationship between craftsmen and power, omnipresent in the Egyptian society from the Predynastic period
Petacchi, Simone. "La période napatéenne en Nubie : traditions nubiennes et influences égyptiennes dans le monde funéraire". Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30046.
Texto completoThis PhD thesis deals with the royal and non royal funerary practices in the Napatan Kingdom between VIIIe and IIIrd century BCE. It consists of an overview on the funerary architecture and of the rituals performed along or after the funeral. Starting from the funerary architecture, it presents the cultural traces coming from local cultures and those of the Egyptian tradition, suggesting that the indigenous elements are more rooted among the isolated groups perhaps non sedentary, while royal tombs, under the pharaonic inspiration, testify the adoption of decorative elements and texts widely used in the elitist necropolises in Western Thebes. Then, this research classifies the objects coming from the funerary equipment such to offer the outlines of a cultural regionalism by the loans of both the two cultures. In the final part, an investigation on the funerary customs of Napatan Period has been made, offering an attempt of a hierarchical organization of the burials on the basis of the contents and of the type of the tomb, to finally discuss the funerary rituals and the phenomenon of "acculturation" analyzed within different aspects by the funeray components discussed before
Firon, Fanny. "La mort en Égypte romaine". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30096.
Texto completo.Defined at once as a state, to be dead, or as a passage, to pass from the world of the living to that of the dead, death in ancient societies influenced many areas of existence. It was not limited to its quantitative aspect, that is to say demographic. Death had to be managed, not only by the relatives of the deceased, but also by the city and the state. However, this study of death also encompasses the ways in which it was perceived and experienced by individuals. Death was the object of beliefs about the afterlife that related to the future of the deceased, as well as the relationship between the deceased and his family, between the community of the dead and that of the living.The question of death in the Roman province of Egypt arises all the more because this space situated at the border between the western and eastern part of the Empire continued to undergo multiple cultural influences (Pharaonic civilization, Hellenistic, Judaism, the birth of Christianity, etc.) and occupied a strategic position within the Empire (a reserved area of the Prince, a multi-ethnic and relatively numerous population).By using different types of sources (papyrological, epigraphic, archaeological and literary) and by approaching death in various aspects, both material and immaterial (daily attitudes and gestures towards death, beliefs about the afterlife, through administrative and legal practices related to death), the aim here is to show to what extent death is a regulator of social tensions and apprehensions in a society characterized by multiple cultural influences. The approach adopted is scalar.At the level of the Empire, the Roman government managed death by legislating, arbitrating conflicts related to the death of an individual and imposing administrative practices ensuring public control. But the State was also sometimes the one who orchestrated death, staged it or used it voluntarily in order to preserve the social order.At the level of the Roman province of Egypt, death appeared as a reflection of various interactions. It crystallized the different conceptions of the hereafter, involving specific funeral gestures, while local peculiarities persisted.Faced with death, the city – the third angle of our study – had, for its part, a clear mission to ensure social order. In this, she had to guard against all that was likely to come to defile her or compromise the relationship between the community of the living and the world of the dead. However, the most important management of death occurred at the scale of the individual and his family. Due to a relatively low life expectancy and a high mortality rate, death was part of daily life. To adapt to this reality, individuals anticipated their deaths by writing, among other things, wills. In any case, the confrontation with the death of a relative provoked upheavals that had to be dealt with and which gave rise, for the survivors, to sometimes diametrically opposed answers (conflicts brought before justice, activation of solidarities intra and extra-familial in different forms)
Mauné, Stéphane. "Les campagnes du biterrois nord-oriental dans l'antiquité (IIe s. Av. J. -C. /VIe s. Ap. J. -C. ) : Peuplement et occupation du sol, économie, pratiques culturelles et funéraires)". Besançon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA1014.
Texto completoGalinand, Cyrille. "Usage social et symbolique du métal en France au bronze ancien et moyen (2200 -1350 av. J. -C. Environ)". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010596.
Texto completoDonnat, Sylvie. "La peur du mort : nature et structures des relations entre les vivants et les morts dans l'Egypte pharaonique". Montpellier 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON30032.
Texto completoThis study suggests a reading of the relationship between the living and the dead through the prism of documentation unique to Ancient Egypt, Letters to the Dead, which are revelatory of the mechanisms of this relationship. From the definition of the genre and comparison with other sources, two paradigms emerge. They are characterized by distinct rituals and a different treatment of the subject of judgement after death. While Letters to the Dead belong to the First Intermediate Period, the conclusions drawn from their study appear, due to different reasons, to apply to egyptian funerary religion at least until the end of New Kingdom. By deciphering the organisation of relationships between the living and the dead, this study seeks to shed light on topics such as fear of the dead and ancestor worship in Ancient Egypt, but also to understand the peculiarity of egyptian interaction with the dead
Paris, François. "Les sépultures du Sahara nigérien, du néolithique à l'islamisation : coutumes funéraires, chronologie, civilisations". Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010543.
Texto completoSeveral cultural areas are identified for the neolithic and post-neolithic periods through the study of funerary custums in the nigerian sahara. The radiocarbon datations of many sepultures allow to propose a schematic chronology for the human occupation of this region of the meridional Sahara, between 5000 bc and 800 ad
Louis, Aurore. "La place du mobilier en verre dans les sépultures gallo-romaines et mérovingiennes du nord de la France : (1er s av. J.-C,- VII s. ap. J.-C) : offrandes et pratiques funéraires". Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2115.
Texto completoThe organisation of the burials and the social way the deceased are treated are the point of the funeral archaeology. The rituals are visible in the organisation of the graves and in the way the artefacts are placed around the body – they are common to the roman area. The combination of the sets in the grave makes a good way to représent the evolution of the ceramic, metal or glass vessels. The large number of discoveries in north France these last ten years, sets a good material up for this studies. We registered the funeral structures located in the south of Gallia Belgica, dated from the Ist Century Bc to the VIIth Century Ad. This large chronological scale allows us to identify the way the glass is put down the graves and the way it makes part of the rituals : discreet at the beginning of the Ier Century, the glass is essential in the funerary set of the VIth century. More than a symbol, the glass vessel is also a commercial good. The cartography of the vessel types shows different areas of diffusion, that means some of them are imported and some are locally produced. The commercial roads are also well defined : to the north of Gallia Belgica, to Rhenania and to the south of Gallia Aquitania
Romion, Jennifer. "Les vêtements dans l'univers funéraire de l'Egypte pharaonique : recherches lexicographiques et iconographiques d'après les textes des Pyramides". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30101.
Texto completoThe Pyramid Texts borrow from the daily life of Ancient Egyptian a lot of words,making those objects a priori profane to divine attributes or components of funeraryequipment accompanying the deceased during his ascension. The case of textile artifacts(clothes and garments) is particularly affluent.By resuming the identification of each item, on a point of view so iconographical aslexicographical, and to take account of used context, it is able to understand what wasthe motivation of its : institutional lore inherited from first dynasty, theological senses orprivate functional preoccupations
Einaudi, Silvia. "Les chapitres du "Livre des morts" dans la cour de la tombe d'Haroua (TT37) : Analyse et comparaison avec les tombes monumentales tardives". Paris, EPHE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EPHE5003.
Texto completoThe tomb of Harwa (TT 37), dated to the 25th dynasty, was the first Late Period monumental tomb built in the Theban necropolis of the Assasif. Harwa, whose chief title was « great majordomo of the divine adoratrice (god’s wife of Amun) », lived during the late 8th and into the beginning of the 7th century B. C. (ca. 720 to 680 B. C. ). He served under Amenirdis I, daughter of the Kushite king Kashta. Due to the high status of his office, Harwa had great power and, consequently, many resources at his disposal, that allowed him to build a monumental tomb that was characterized by archaising aspects and by the strong presence of elements from both the Osirian and the solar cults. His tomb, moreover, reflects specifically Late Period Theban religious beliefs: in particular, the Decade festival of Djeme, that was celebrated nearby at the small temple of Medinet Habu. The walls, pillars and half-pillars of the porticoed court of the tomb of Harwa - an architectural element that was to become typical for Late Period tombs in the Assasif – were elegantly carved with scenes and funerary texts, which today are still beautiful, even if partially damaged. The funerary texts consist of chapters of the Book of the Dead: 15 b-c-d, 45, 50, 55, 89, 91, 106 and 154 with their vignettes. The study of this texts is the focus of this thesis. The analysis of these inscriptions and a comparison of them to the decorative program of the other Late Period monumental tombs of the Assasif, show that the tomb of Harwa played an important role as a model in the development of the Theban necropolis during the 25th and 26th dynasties
Edme, Anne-Laure. "Les différents modes d'évocation des défunts chez Les Eduens, les Lingons et les Séquanes au Haut-Empire (Ier - IIIème siècle) : de l'épigraphie à la représentation figurée". Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH011.
Texto completoThis new study of funerary monuments in Roman Gaul aims at putting emphasis on the various tools used by the ancient populations to perpetuate the memories of their dead. Thanks to carved images or texts, the mention of the name, of the identity of the deceased and of specific aspects of his everyday life were some of the means used to keep his memory alive in the world of the living. The geographical area chosen corresponds to three ancient territories : thoose of the Aeduens, the Lingons and the Sequans. Geographically and culturally close, these territories show indeed the same funeral traditions in ancient times. As for the chronological frame, it is limited to the Early Roman Empire, from the 1st to the 3rd centuries. Thanks to an epigraphic and iconographic analysis of the stone monuments, the question of the funeral choices made by the person who commisioned the tom bis raised. Indeed, the ways of evocation diverge according to different criteria, thus implying significant changes in the aspect and the shape of graves. Do the latter denote practices specific to a city or a social group ? In the same way, the epigraphic applications are suitable to the information that the dead wishes to convey.The typological, stylistic and textual comparisons made with orther monuments from Gaul and Italy enable to analyse the particular commemorative practices of indigenous romanised populations from north-eastern Gaul.Through the study of a provincial corpus, this thesis completes the various researches dealing with Roman funeral art
Dubois, Céline. "Du foetus à l’enfant dans le monde grec archaïque et classique : représentations, pratiques rituelles et gestes funéraires". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3115.
Texto completoThrough the study of social representations, rituals practices and funerary acts surrounding the young children, this thesis has offered a reflection on the infancy in the Archaic and Classical Greek world. During Antiquity, birth reveal the social mechanisms they belong to; the mother is finally considered as an accomplished wife and her role in the oikos is reaffirmed, the man becomes a father and has new social duties, and the family as well as the city has to accept the arrival of a new member. Judging from this observation, this work will shed a new light on young child (0-3 years) within the different strata of the city. For a long time, children have been considered as excluded from society because of the few mentions in literary sources. Although specific funerary practices, the existence of rituals marking the progressive integration of young ones in society, as well as a characteristic iconography, all testify of the particular status of children who already belong to the society. These themes are treated with a multidisciplinary approach that confronts all the sources on childhood: literature, iconography and funerary archaeology. In conclusion, this work proposes to show that the concept of rite of passage combined with representations and funerary practices form a ritual complex that makes birth and early childhood the true reflection of integration processes into the different circles of Greek society. This study thus aims to lead to a more general evocation of the relations between the Greeks of Antiquity and the passing of a time in the context of social reproduction
Bouchaud, Charlène. "Paysage et pratiques d'exploitation des ressources végétales en milieux semi-aride et aride dans le sud du Proche-Orient : approche archéobotanique des périodes antique et islamique (IVe siècle aV. J.-C. - XVIe siècle ap. J.-C". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010644.
Texto completoPomadere, Maia. "Les enfants dans le monde égéen, du néolithique au début de l'âge du fer". Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010581.
Texto completoDíaz, Arriola Luisa Esther. "Le territoire Ychsma et ses différences culturelles pendant l'intermédiaire récent sur la côte centrale péruvienne". Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010520.
Texto completoGillis, Anne-Catherine. "« Athéna, étends ta main au-dessus du four ». Enquête archéologique sur les pratiques religieuses dans le monde artisanal grec antique". Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30028.
Texto completoThe inquiry about the religious practices in the ancient greek craft’s world (from archaic to Hellenistic period) aims to approach craftsmen, not as producers of material goods, but as actors of the religious life. The claim is to examine, by means of the archaeological data, the social and psychological conditions of the production, and to highlight practices which are not any more a matter of technique but of religious sphere. The inquiry extends over three fields. The first one concerns the Polis : the data relative to festivals, to votive or to oraculare practices give evidence of the place of craftsmen in the religious life of the greek Polis. The research continues into the work’s spaces: from the quarries to the urban workshops, the work places supply many testimonies as wealthy as diversified. Finally, the inquiry ends in the funeral field : the study of the craftsman’s graves moves on their relationship to death.The worship, the magico-religious ritual and the funeral practices are as many religious phenomena investigated in this book. All these aspects are certainly illustrated by, for the most part, discreet and scattered clues : their accumulation nevertheless forms a coherent set which draws little by little a new profile of the craft’s world not only with religious, but also cultural and social specificities. Touch by touch a portrait of the craftsmen is appearing alive and colored which somewhat pulls out the shadow the " secret hero of the greek history "
Lattard, Alexia. "Défunts, pratiques et espaces funéraires au cours du Haut-Empire dans la civitas de Forum lulli". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0383.
Texto completoThis study aims to understand, in all their complexity and variability, the funerary practices of the territory of Forum Iulii (Fréjus), one of the civitas of the Gallia Narbonnensis, defined by Auguste at the end of the 1st century. BC. It is part of a long chronological period rich in socio-cultural upheavals (1st-4th century AD), wich reveals the evolution of these practices, and thus allow us to apprehend the relationship between individuals and / or social groups with their funerary traditions. This spatio-temporal framework is also chosen for its coherence and documentary richness. The study is based on an archaeothanatology approach, between archeology and biological anthropology. The studied parameters, considered in the both perspective, participate together in an individual, and then global reading of burials and funerary spaces in order to return practices, funerary rites, but also the influence of socio-cultural factors on the treatment of the dead corpses.The use of these two disciplines insures an optimal understanding of the social systems and religious representations specific to a community confronted with the death of one of its members. The human bones analysis (age and sex determination, health status), but also the study of the material (set of deposits, burial architecture, implantation of the tomb, body’s treatment, etc.) are the essential tools for the archeology of death, which aims to contribute to a better knowledge of ancient populations through a biocultural approach
Hincker, Vincent. "Se soucier des morts de l'Antiquité aux premiers siècles du Moyen Age : la parole de saint Augustin à l'épreuve des enjeux socio-anthropologiques des funérailles et du tombeau". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC039/document.
Texto completoWhat is a graveyard ? The question seems rather trivial, however for several years historians have debated numerous time on the subject and seek to determine whether the advent of Christianity has profoundly changed the relationship of the living with the dead.in the first part the purpose is to analyze the word of St. Augustine to the extent that it is considered as a foundation of the Christian doctrine in terms of funeral practices. In this perspective, Augustine's treatise devoted specifically to this question, the De cura gerenda pro mortuis, is re-examined in the light of the ontological-theological system that St. Augustine built throughout his life. Far from being a simple guide to good practices for Christians, the De Cura appears as a development of this system. Augustine examines the question of the place of the body in the relationship between the living and the dead. The very construction of the De cura designates the body as the object that Augustine places at the heart of his reflection.Borrowing the track designated by Augustine, the second part of this thesis is about understanding the role of the body in funerary ritual as it is grasped in the written and archaeological sources of Latin antiquity and the first centuries of the Middle Ages. A fresh examination of these sources makes it possible to restore a series of funeral rites that compose a real cycle through which the death of others is shaped so that everyone can recognize that it has taken place. With the help of philosophy, in particular phenomenology, it becomes possible to note that it is not only a question of recording the death of others in time, but that it is also about inscribing it in space, that is to say in a place, which is precisely what is intended by the act of burying the dead in a tomb.Finding a place for the dead does not mean moving them away from the community of the living, but on the contrary assigning them a place so that the living can establish a relationship with them. Indeed, it is precisely the modalities of this relationship, which pass through the mediation of the tomb and therefore through it through the mediation of the body, which do not fit in with the philosophy of St. Augustine.Ultimately, the meeting of burials with the buildings embodying the Christian community, confirms the failure of the Augustinian word before the concern of the members of this community to bring the dead, body and soul, into the City of God
Granier, Gaëlle. "Approche archéo-anthropologique des ensembles funéraires de l'antiquité tardive. : l'exemple des sites urbains de Vienne et Arles (IIIème - VIème siècles)". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX20655.
Texto completoLong thought of as a time of social upheaval, Late Antiquity seems rather to have been a period of wide-ranging social change encompassing a mixture of influences that pose many problems for study of the period. These multiple influences affect funeral treatments of the period and studying them requires consideration of multiple lines of evidence: historical, archaeological, anthropological, and biological. We chose this multidisciplinary approach in the study of urban and peri-urban burial sites of the antic cities of Vienne and Arles from the 3rd century to the 6th century A.D.Our study protocol allows us to observe the biological characteristics of samples simultaneously to taphonomic data, spatial organization within and between sites, but also topography data or historical archives. This innovative approach, implementing original methodological tools, is relevant. It highlighted the changes in the management and the representation of the dead and Death in Late Antiquity. The burial sites show very different profiles depending on the time period and we can see specificities in the necropolis of the 4th century,” intermediate” structures where many practices of the High Empire are still used, before the establishment of new Christian structures in different places of the city, which have moved again the necropolises locations
Barrand, Emam Hélène. "Les pratiques funéraires liées à la crémation dans les ensembles funéraires des capitales de cités du Haut Empire en Gaule Belgique : Metz-Divodurum, Bavay-Bagacum, Thérouanne-Tervanna". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20001/document.
Texto completoThis work is founded on the study of three funerary complexes of outlying suburbs located in the capital cities of Mediomatrici (Metz-Divodurum), Nervii (Bagay-Bagacum) and Morini (Thérouanne-Tervanna). Our study is based on a corpus composed of more than 480 funerary structures, which has been amended by the data issued from the other funerary discoveries carried out in these three cities, from the 18th century to nowadays. Based upon that documentation, we propose an analysis of funerary practices in use in the North of Gaul and more particularly in the province of Gallia Belgica and of their evolution in the first three centuries of our area. The first part of this work is related to the organization of the funerary areas in an urban context through the analysis of different parameters: places and settlement dynamic of funerary areas, internal organization and space structuring as well as the mode of distribution of the structures (functional, chronological and social). The following chapters are related to the understanding and interpretation of the different funerary practices and gestures, which may have been observed during the study of the structures of our corpus. To do that, we have tried to reconstruct the different steps of the funerary process and to replace the whole practices in the order in which they took place. First, we took an interest in the data connected with the stage of the body cremation, data observed during the excavation of the funerary pyres, through the examination of the pit structure, the methods of treatment of the body as well as the role and the origin of the grave goods used around the pyre. Then, we moved on to the place of final deposition of the remains by presenting the constituent elements of the grave, the different types of funerary structures we have been confronted with as well as the varied modes of deposition of the bones and their organization within the sepulchral pit. A specific attention has also been given to the steps which are relative to the transfer and to the modes of deposition of the bones of the deceased in the grave as well as the practices and body movements which follow that. Finally, in a last chapter, we have analyzed the different deposits of the funerary goods in order to define as well as possible the different gestures which were pointed out through the archaeological remains, and which were made at the time of the composition of the grave but also throughout the funeral or during the memorial feasts where respects to the deceased were paid. This overall study is based on a detailed catalogue of the tombs which is composed of two volumes (volume 1: Metz “Avenue André Malraux”, volume 2: Bavay “La Fache des Près Aulnoys” and Thérouanne “Les Oblets”) displaying by chronological phases the observations made during the excavation work, the inventory of the grave goods, as well as the results of the studies of animal and human bones rests
Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit drei am Stadtrand gelegenen Grabensembles, die in den civitates-Hauptstädten der Mediomatriker (Metz-Divodurum), Nervier (Bavay-Bagacum) und Moriner (Thérouanne-Tervanna) liegen. Unsere Untersuchungen beziehen sich auf eine Sammlung von mehr als 480 Grabstrukturen, ergänzt durch Grabungsdokumentationen früherer Entdeckungen, die von 18. Jh. bis heute in diesen drei Städten zu Tage gekommen sind. Anhand dieser Dokumentation, ist eine Analyse der im Nordgallien und besonders in Gallia Belgica üblichen Bestattungsbräuche und deren Entwicklung während der drei ersten Jahrhunderte nach Christus möglich. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit ist den Grabbereichen im Stadtbereich gewidmet, wobei verschiedener Faktoren untersucht worden sind: Orte und Ansiedlungsdynamik der Grabareale, innere Organisation und Raumstrukturierung sowie Verbreitungsart der Befunde (funktional, chronologisch und gesellschaftlich). Die folgenden Kapitel sind dem Verständnis und der Interpretation der verschiedenen Bestattungsbräuche und –gesten, die während der Studie der Befunde unseres Corpus beachtet wurden, gewidmet. Dabei wurde versucht, die verschiedenen Etappen des Bestattungsprozesses, in der Reihenfolge wie sie vollzogen wurden, zu rekonstruieren. Zuerst haben wir uns für die in den Grabungen beachteten Gegebenheiten der Kremationsetappen der Körper interessiert, durch Untersuchung der Scheiterhaufenstruktur, Behandlungsbedingungen der Körper sowie Rolle und Herkunft der Grabbeigaben, die um die Scheiterhaufen benutzt wurden. Dann haben wir die Stelle, die der endgültigen Deponierung des Leichenbrandes diente, angesprochen, durch Vorstellung der Grabgrundlagen, der verschiedenen Grabstrukturtypen mit welchen wir konfrontiert waren, sowie der diversen Formen der Knochendeponierungen und ihre Organisation innerhalb der Grabgrube. Ausserdem wurden die Etappen, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Transfer und den Deponierungsbedingungen des Knochenmaterials ins Grab stehen, sowie die Bräuche und Gesten die daraus folgen, besonders analysiert. Im letzten Kapitel wurden schließlich die verschiedenen Elemente des Grabmaterials untersucht, um die diversen durch archäologischen Gegebenheiten erkennbaren Gesten besser abgrenzen zu können, welche während der Komposition des Grabes, während des Begräbnisses selbst oder aber während der Gedenkfeiern, durchgeführt wurden. Diese zusammenfassende Arbeit stützt sich auf einem detaillierten Katalog der Gräber, eingeteilt in zwei Bände (Band 1: Metz « Avenue André Malraux », Band 2: Bavay « La Fache des Près Aulnoys » und Thérouanne « Les Oblets »), in welchem die Grabungsbeobachtungen, die Grabinventaren sowie die Ergebnisse des Studiums des menschlichen und tierischen Knochenmaterials in chronologischer Reihenfolge präsentiert sind
Guégan, Izold. "Le hnr : recherches sur un groupe religieux de l’Ancien au Nouvel Empire". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUL106.
Texto completoThis thesis is about an Egyptian religious group, mainly feminine, known as hnr. The study carried out here proposes to understand the evolution, of the hierarchical structure and the ritual practices of this group in a diachronic way based on both textual and iconographic sources. The period covered ranges from the start of the Old Kingdom to the end of the New Kingdom. The thesis is divided into two volumes, the first being dedicated to the presentation of the results and the second bringing together all the sources collected and on which the analysis is based. The results of this investigation first show the evolution of hnr through the periods concerned before discussing the hierarchical structure as well as the scope of rites and rituals of the group. The thesis also offers an analysis of gender relations within the hnr and also questions the links between this religious group, royalty and the elite. Finally, the very meaning of the term hnr is discussed and re onsidered in regard of the sources gathered here. This thesis proposes to understand the hnr in the broader context of the evolution of Egyptian female priesthood in order to grasp its singularity
Zangre, Justin. "Les rites funéraires dans l'Afrique du Nord chrétienne du 3e au 5e siècle : à la lumière des œuvres de Tertullien, Cyprien, Lactance et Augustin". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAK013/document.
Texto completoAll people and culture celebrate the death for peace of the dead persons and the living one. We are interested in the question of the funeral rites in the first centuries of christian Church of the North Africa. That is why we entitled our subject :" The funeral rites of Early Christian North Africa of the 3rd in the 5th century. In the light of Tertullian, Cyprian, Lactantius and Augustine's works". We try to understand the contents of the funeral rites which presided over the Christian celebrations in honor of the dead in the christian environment of the North Africa. How did the Christians celebrated the death in the first centuries? What are the points of view of the first christian writers in the Africa Church on the pagan funeral that the Christians went on celebrating, and what is their contribution about the cult of dead in the Christian area? About the North Africa at the beginning of our era and during Roman Empire, the funeral celebrations first concerned the families. Thanks to Augustine, at the end of the 4th century and at the beginning of the 5th one, we can notice an important evolution of celebrations in honor of the dead that Tertullian, Cyprian and Lactantius had already initiated.They also acquire at this moment an ecclesial dimension, especially with the cult of the martyrs and their relics. To throw light on the funeral subject in the north Africa, it is necessary to understand the history of the pagan cult of the 3rd to 5th century
Leroux, Nicolas. "Les Recommandations aux prêtres dans les temples ptolémaïques et romains : esquisse d'un héritage culturel et religieux". Thesis, Lille 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL30042.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the hieroglyphical texts known as “Recommendations to the priests” or “Instructions to the clergy”. They are carved on some of the lateral service entrances in the ptolemaic and roman temples of Edfu, Kom Ombo, Isis and Hathor at Dendera, and Philae. The thesis consists in a revised and corrected copy and a translation of the Recommendations to the priests, as well as in a linear analysis and a comparative study of the different versions of these texts. The aims are to provide a definition and a new delimitation of the corpus, and to formulate hypotheses about the nature and transmission of the Recommendations to the priests. Indeed, apart from the version of Philae, the other versions belong to the same textual tradition. This thesis shows that the Recommendations to the priests were written and elaborated at Edfu, under the reign of Evergete II. They have later on been spread to Dendera and Kom Ombo. At Edfu, the Recommendations form an homogeneous set, written in a clear literary style. They could be related to a Teaching Text. By contrast, at Kom Ombo and Dendera, the ritual aspect of the texts has been emphasized. The search for phraseological and thematical parallels –mainly in priestly autobiographies from the First Millennium– points to the conclusion that the Recommendations of Edfu were elaborated from a previous textual core, possibly coming from Thebes. By comparison, based on their content and nature, the Recommendations of Philae seem to be an isolate
Messerer, Carmen. "Les relations administratives entre le clergé indigène et les autorités en Égypte romaine d'Auguste à Constantin". Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01057830.
Texto completoPapaikonomou, Irini-Despina. "« Agouros Thanatos » : les objets accompagnant les enfants morts en Grèce ancienne". Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100010.
Texto completoThis is a new method of interpretation of “grave goods” that accompanied children in Antiquity. The term agouros, “unripe”, corresponds to the scientific understanding of the age group of the “immature”, aged 0 to 20 years : people that have not yet reached full biological development, and having unfinished pubescent body. This study, based on archaeological material in Abdera, Thasos and Amphipolis, aims to exploit the minute traces of ancient life that still remain, regaining the historical and anthropological position of the child in society. A thorough analysis of the role of the offerings that accompanied children reveals that they all construct, according to burial and cemetery, a system that refers to social identity itself, based on gender, “unmarried maiden” in particular. Some other items specialize an intimate unfinished identity, often leading to the life and problems that preoccupied the child and its environment at that age. The objects around the human body in the funeral treatment allow us to talk better about the deceased who are real people, not heroes of a tragedy. A large percentage of the "aôrai parthenoi" who died in adolescence may have actually been lost in childbirth or abortion. The customs concerning the dead can only be perceived and understood, once integrated into the whole society's value system and practices of people. The objects tied to customs, funerary practices and religion, guide us to approach children’s aspects of life in which death is also a part. These artifacts allow us to understand the inextricable relationship between child, nature, animals and the world of deities; especially Artemis, through which the ancients explain the phenomena occurring in the birth, childhood and adolescence
Kharobi, Arwa. "Approche archéo-anthropologique des tombes de Tell Hamoukar et Tell Mozan (Syrie de 3700 à 1600 av. J.-C.) : taphonomie et diversité des pratiques funéraires". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0165/document.
Texto completoThis disseration deals with two Syrian-American excavation projects in the north of Syria: the one at TellMozan / Urkesh (G. Buccellati Buccellati and Kelly) and the project at Tell Hamoukar (C. Reichel and S. al-Kintar).These two excavations are planned in the cooperation with the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums ofSyria (DGAM). We aim, through this archeothanatological study to reintegrate the anthropological data in the globalarcheological analysis of the population as well, in order to deepen our pre-established knowledge in the same timeof developing a multidisciplinary approach on such unpublished data. Such research is essential to complete thisrevealed knowledge mosaic of various ancient societies that occupied Upper Mesopotamia from Chalcolithic to theMiddle Bronze Age (3700-1600 BC.) leaving behind valuable evidences
Dausse, Lucie. "Études des déformations crâniennes intentionnelles dans la culture Paracas (800 avant-100 après J.C) : les contextes funéraires de Cerro Colorado, côte Sud du Pérou". Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010628.
Texto completoThe Paracas society established itself on the southern coast of the central Peruvian Andean area, around the 9th century B.C. until the decline around the 2th century A.C. The site of Cerro Colorado, localized in the Paracas peninsula, discovered and excavated from 1925 to 1930 by Tello, delivered the biggest amount of Paracas cultural material until today. The study of body treatments of the deceased buried in these funerary contexts is central to this research, beacause it specifically documents the different traditions of the Paracas body modifications, ephemeral and irrevable, during life and after death. The reassessment of 311 bodies buried in these tombs, cavers and in the necropolis of Wari Kayan at Cerro Colorado, reveals unprecedented data on the corporal practices during Late Paracas (400 B.C -100 A.C.), then compared to testimonies from previous periods. The observation of anthropomorphic representations on ceramics and textiles allows addressing the evolution of the body conception during the entire Paracas chronology. This research presents the importance of aesthetics for the Paracas through the diversity of body modifications such as head modelling, ear piercing, body paintings and tattoos, different hairstyles and numerous sets of jewels. In this ancient Peruvian society, the body was hence perceived as an identity support in which the head has a symbolical place
Cenzon-Salvayre, Carine. "Le bûcher funéraire dans l’Antiquité : une approche archéologique, bioarchéologique et historique d’après l’étude des structures de crémation en Gaule méridionale". Thesis, Le Mans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LEMA3006/document.
Texto completoThe study of the funeral pyre based on an anthracological approach, is part of the continuity of a research oriented towards understanding the social organization of ancient societies. The practice of cremation implements a succession of actions that it is necessary to identify, to increase our knowledge. Through the study of individual pyres from an anthracological angle, two objectives have been proposed: the first concerns a critical look at the data produced by charcoal analyzes in order to propose categories of information to be taken in studies of cremation structures. The second, archaeological, is related to the restitution of the funeral pyre approached from the angle of its "chaîne opératoire" to discuss the ways implemented which, from a technical or ritual point of view, punctuates the conduct of cremation. To meet these objectives, three approaches have been developed. The first, anthracological, focused on the study of nineteen cremation structures in the south-east of France. , allowing the establishment of a protocol for sampling and analysis. The second, historical, offers a new and in-depth reading of the representations of the pyre in antiquity and textual sources on which a look of archaeanthracologist was carried. The third approach on the technique, proposes a description of the "chaîne opératoire" and a demonstration of the means committed to achieve a cremation
Prieto-Luley, Laëtitia. "Recherches sur les cistes prénestines. Approche pluridisciplinaire de petits et moyens conteneurs cylindriques et de leurs représentations en Italie centrale (470-270 avant J.-C)". Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2011.
Texto completoA source of imagination since the l8thcentury, the question of the use of Praenestine cistae remains an open one, as recent studies have suggested. This thesis proposes a reevaluation of the question by moving beyond the methodological stumbling block that has treated the Praenestine cistae as if they were a homogeneous category of objects with a single usage. A combination of typological, iconographic, iconological, and historical considerations allows us to deepen our understanding of the practical and symbolic role of these cistae. The creation of a typology of these containers thus affirms the possibilities for their use and the social and ethnic diversity of their owners. An iconic approach allows us to confirm the relationship of the cistae with rites of passage. Numerous images attest to a conceptual association between the cistae, beauty, and death. This relationship is expressed furthermore through a refined language relating to death and eschatological matters that is engraved on the cistae. Employing the schema of A. Maslow, the cistae correspond to five fundamental needs: psychological needs (usages relating to personal hygiene and rituals), the need for security (protection of a certain age grade), needs of belonging (an elite object), the need for recognition (the mastery of beauty), and the need for self-realization (Hellenic culture)
Girardi, Chloé. "Traitements des corps et des restes humains en Egypte du Prédynastique à la fin de l'Ancien Empire (4400-2180 av. J.-C.) : contribution à l'étude des pratiques mortuaires par l'approche archéothanatologique". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30052.
Texto completoThis study examines the evolution of practices pertaining to the treatment of human bodies and remains in Egypt from the Predynastic era through the first six dynasties. Burial grounds contemporaneous with the formation and affirmation of the principal constituents of the pharaonic civilization indicate the coexistence of funerary practices related to the emergence of artificial mummification, and mortuary practices involving partially or fully decomposed bodies. The purpose is to reevaluate, through the lens of archaeothanatology, the existing documentation regarding these two body treatment categories to better understand the diversity of practices over this period. The study aims to see the body of the deceased as the focal point of the discussion on Egyptian mortuary practices by taking into consideration two chronological eras often examined separately. Studying archaeological publications and archival documents of past excavations from this perspective provides a heterogeneous set of human sepultures and deposits found in 27 cemeteries throughout the Egyptian Nile valley. The cases chosen for the purpose of this study offer a comprehensive outlook into how the deceased were treated, which gives the grounds for discussing the continuity between predynastic and dynastic practices and for confronting the collected materials with diverse possible interpretations of these treatments
Munoz, Olivia. "Pratiques funéraires et paramètres biologiques dans la péninsule d'Oman du Néolithique à la fin de l'âge du Bronze ancien (Ve-IIIe millénaires av. N.E.)". Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010514.
Texto completoLn the Oman Peninsula, the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age is marked by profound socio-economic transformations accompanied by changes in funerary practices. Around 3100 BCE, the region experienced the development of an economic system based on oasis agriculture, the exploitation and export of copper, and the deployment of an intense trade network at multiple scales. Funerary practices are marked by the transition from individual burials to collective graves built in stones. The environmental and chronocultural framework of this study are presented, including the history of research in the region and a review of the data available on funerary practices and biological parameters. Then, the bio-archaeological analysis of the graves and human remains of eleven sites dated from the Neolithic (5th_4th mill. BCE) to the end of the Early Bronze Age (ca. 2000 BCE) aims to characterize the funerary practices and biological parameters of the studied groups. Apart from data acquired for each site, the diachronic synthesis of existing data allows us to explore the interplay of cultural and biological dynamics. Among the main results obtained, we can mention the identification of complex burial practices starting from the Neolithic, an assessment of the preservation of osteological collections, detailed counting (MNI) for collective graves from the Bronze Age, evidence for a management system of these graves, a diachronic analysis of oral diseases, and the demonstration of a population increase starting from the Neolithic. The thesis concludes with a discussion of these results in light of the general evolution model previously
Vannier, Émilie. "Pratiques funéraires au second âge du Fer dans la "province médio-atlantique"". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAG007/document.
Texto completoThis doctoral thesis presents the funerary practices of a large cross-Channel area, called “Medio-Atlantic province”. This work focuses on the second Iron Age or La Tène period (mid-5th century – last quarter of the 1st century BC) and the British Iron Age (late 5th century BC – mid-1st century AD). The analyses of the data on the treatments of the bodies, the funerary architecture and the grave-goods highlight six “Medio-Atlantic” funerary groups and expose their spatial and temporal evolution. This study allows to understand the main funerary features of Cross-Channel areas, as well as other funerary groups in theirs eastern margins
Legrand, Sophie. "La culture de Karasuk : définition de la société de l'Age du Bronze final dans le bassin de Minusinsk (région du Moyen-Enisej, Sibérie méridionale)". Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010539.
Texto completoElias, Nada. "Pratiques funéraires et identités biologiques à Berytus et à Botrys à l'époque romaine (Liban, Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IVème siècle apr. J.-C.)". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0070/document.
Texto completoDuring the first century B.C., with the rise of the Roman Empire, the Levant became the scene of cosmopolitanism where many heteroclite cultures would coexist. The new cosmopolitan society had Rome as its capital (Caput Mundi), and roads drawn up by the army linking the rest of the empire to its capital. Recent rescue excavations (since 2005) in Berytus (Beirut) and Botrys (Batroun) have revealed a considerable amount of unpublished data on populations who lived in the region during the four centuries of the Roman Empire until the early centuries of Christianity. Following an archaeo-anthropological approach, this thesis presents an assessment of eight funerary sites (n= 290) from the cities of Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus and Botrys. Significantly, Botrys, unlike Berytus, did not have the status of a Roman colony. This research seeks to contribute to the history of these two cities. The purpose is to understand the populations of the past through the study of the skeletons, rituals and funerary practices as well as the organisation of funerary spaces. This study primarily reveals a cultural and biological cosmopolitanism illustrated by variability in funerary practices and in biological characteristics. These results suggest that at least two different groups or more coexisted in the Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus. On the contrary, the biocultural data of Botrys skeletons reveal a less cosmopolitan city with less diversity shown on different anthropological and cultural levels. Indeed, the similarity of funerary practices, body treatments, grave goods and the organisation of the funerary space and biological homogeneity are indisputable in Botrys. Comparative analysis between Berytus and Botrys highlighted an existing biological heterogeneity at different scales between individuals of both cities. However, this diversity is contradicted by the homogeneity of the females of both cities during the 2th and the 4th century A. D
أصبح المشرق خلال القرن الاول قبل الميلاد، مع صعود الامبراطورية الرومانية، مسرحاً عالمياً تتفاعل فيه ثقافات مختلفة. ثقافات لطالما ميزت المشرق بسبب الغزوات واختلاط الشعوب منذ العصر الحجري الحديث. النظام العالمي الجديد جعل روما "عاصمة العالم" أو كما يقال باللاتينية Caput Mundi وبذلك رسم الجيش الروماني الطرق الى مختلف أصقاع الامبراطورية لتؤدي الى روما. كشفت الحفريات الوقائية و الإنقاذية الأخيرة في بيروت والبترون عن معطيات جديدة تخص الشعوب التي عاشت في المنطقة خلال القرون الأربعة من الإمبراطورية الرومانية وحتى بدايات المسيحية. تقدم رسالة الدكتوراه هذه دراسة عن الإنسان وعلاقاته مع الموت. وباتباع منهج أثري-أنثروبولوجي ستقدم تقييماً لثمان مواقع مدفنية في كولونيا جوليا أوغوستا فيليكس بيريتوس Colonia Julia Augusta Felix Berytus ومدينة البترون (ع=٢٩٠ ) والتي على عكس بيريتوس )بيروت) لم تحمل صفة مستوطنة رومانية .تقدم هذه الدراسة في المقام الأول الاطار الثقافي والبيولوجي والمشروحين بتعدد الطقوس المدفنية والاختلاف البيولوجي لمجموعتين او اكثر من المجموعات التي تعيش في كولونيا جوليا أوغوستا فيليكس بيريتوس. في المقابل المعطيات البيولوجية الثقافية في البترون تدل على أنها مدينة أقل تنوعاً ولا تحوي تنوعات انثروبولوجية وثقافية كبيرة. لذلك فإن التطابق في طرق الدفن وتحضير الموتى وأمكنة الدفن والتجانس البيولوجي هي مسائل لاجدال فيها بالنسبة للبترون. وبالمقارنة مابين بيروت والبترون من الواضح عدم التجانس البيولوجي الموجود على أكثر من صعيد فيما بين سكان المدينتين.ولكن هذا التباين مابين المدينتين مخترق من قبل تشابه الإناث في كلا المدينتين من القرن الثاني الى القرن الرابع ميلادي
Ramos, Benito Alejandro. "Nécropoles et peuplement dans le nord-est de la Gaule aux Ve-VIe siècles : espaces, pratiques funéraires et identités". Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML011/document.
Texto completoCemeteries are an essential element in the study of the defining characters of the settlement and death rituals in societies within the end of the Lower Empire and the beginning of the Merovingian period (fifth-sixth centuries). In northern France, Merovingian archaeology developed punctuated by discoveries made since the nineteenth century, at the same time as the learned societies, museums and scientific conferences were appearing. Through the study of cemeteries may have drawn the main lines in the analysis of urban and rural settlement during late antiquity in northeastern Gaul, always in a relevant geopolitical framework based on the old administrative boundaries. Their study also observes any changes of the dynamics of relationships between the living and the dead from the funeral topography and its evolution. These reports find their maximum expression in funeral rituals, considered all as practices to express the beliefs of a particular cultural group of people. On the other hand, the phenomenon of burial dressed and its immediate consequence is that the presence of the furniture in burials, can address the socio-economic relations of communities through the expression of a set of physical phenomena such competitiveness, solidarity and cultural assimilation. A fundamental aspect from the analysis of the grave goods, looks characterization ornamental elements with exogenous influence, a question that refers to the concept of ethnicity in the Migration Period and the possibilities of archaeology to determine the cultural identity of buried people