Tesis sobre el tema "Rhythm"
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1
Marketing, Corporate Affairs and. "Rhythm". Corporate Affairs and Marketing, 2004. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000626.
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Rosenthal, David Felix. "Machine rhythm--computer emulation of human rhythm perception". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12855.
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Mohapp, Cassandra. "The rhythm of life: the perfect rhythm of morse code". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13058.
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Morse code is a unique exemplar of the inherent complexities of rhythm. Learning Morse code in wartime presented challenges to expedite skill acquisition. This thesis explored the strategies used to teach and learn Morse code in the second World War and investigated the resourceful techniques used by the WRANS in an empirical study. The first study investigated the teaching and learning strategies of wartime telegraphists to learn Morse code. Five WRANS described a series of techniques to learn Morse code, including rote learning and repetition, visualisation and pattern recognition, intoning and mnemonics, and music. Music provided effective training for the fundamental teaching and learning of Morse code by matching the rhythmical properties of Morse code to music. Music equipped Morse code operators with a unique approach to Morse code instruction. Learning Morse code with music was described as a way of making sense of the ‘rhythm’ and ‘shape’ of the Morse code letters and proved an invaluable aid to learning and teaching Morse code. The second study examined the effectiveness of learning Morse code with the aid of music. Novices formed two groups, Control Group (no music aid) and Music Group (with music aid). Results confirmed the effectiveness of music training in three Morse code letters, Q V, and A in two experiments, the first with known Morse code letters (Q V A) and the second with unknown letters. The Music Group accurately identified 90% of known and unknown Morse code letters compared to the Control Group who identified less then 50% of known and unknown Morse code letters. This thesis explored the transferable attributes of rhythm perception in music as a teaching and learning mechanism for Morse code. There is extensive research on the complex learning and retention of Morse code but the studies in this thesis have indicated that the ground-breaking wartime strategy of music and Morse code is a powerful duo. The investigation of learning and teaching strategies of the WRANS showed that musical rhythm influenced the skill acquisition of Morse code and the perceptual test suggests that current work in rhythm perception extends beyond music pedagogy and has further implications for all cognitive function.
4
Sjöberg, Jessica y Paula Andreasson. "Music, rhythm and movement". Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-33247.
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Klyn, Niall Andre Munson. "Working Memory for Rhythm". The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1324305411.
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Cragnolini, Alessandro <1993>. "Write Rhythm - Marketing Report". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/11656.
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Write Rhythm is a tech start-up launched in May 2016 in Denpasar, Indonesia. The mission of the company is to disrupt the music industry by offering a service that matches music producers with record labels worldwide (Ardie, 2017). The start-up focuses on electronic music and aims to service the industry equally at both ends. In brief, Write Rhythm sends the tracks uploaded by producers to labels that are looking for new talents, streamlining and improving the process of demo submission, that is otherwise long, tedious and often ineffective. Since the service offers an advanced filtering system, artists can send their demos to the labels that fit their sound best and, on the other side, labels can receive only the music that is consistent with their particular brand (Write Rhythm 2017).
Currently, Write Rhythm lists more than 350 independent record labels across 80 electronic music sub-genres and is working to gather a larger number of users as well as to extend its genres list. Moreover, the company is entering a crucial time of transition, characterized by major changes such as the launch of the version 2.0 of the platform and a new funding round (Write Rhythm 2017).
In May 2017, I have worked at Write Rhythm as a Marketing Intern. During this placement, my tasks focused on three areas of business:
1. Competition: by analyzing the competitors’ products and the influence of artists and labels on the company’s operations.
2. Customer Acquisition: by formulating new customer acquisition strategies, mostly through mail campaigns.
3. Social Media: by developing the concept of a new sub-brand and creating content for it.
In this context, the main limitation has been time. In fact, although being intense, this experience has been concentrated in only one month. Therefore, I did not have enough time to work on every aspect of the business. However, especially thanks to a continuous and insightful dialogue with Jody Taylor, the company’s founder and CEO, I have had the opportunity to have an overview of what operations are carried out at Write Rhythm and how they are conducted.
For these reasons, in this report, I aim to link this experience with my academic studies by applying some of the marketing theories, models and frameworks I have learned during my master’s. In particular, my analysis takes the stock of the current situation of the company from the standpoint of the competition, the market and the online marketing mix, with the objective of suggesting relevant recommendations.
Consequently, this report takes the form of a marketing report and features the following areas of analysis:
1. Competitive Analysis: by applying Porter’s Five Forces framework, the micro environment as well as the direct competitors’ offers are examined.
2. Market Analysis: by applying the segmenting, targeting and positioning model, the customers’ characteristics and the targeting strategies as well as the positioning of the brand and the product in the mind of consumers are described.
3. Online Marketing Mix Analysis: by applying an online marketing mix analysis, the strategies developed through the website, social media and sub-brands are analyzed.
This report also provides relevant recommendations that could assist the company in facing its future challenges:
1. As a result of the Competitive and Market analyses, the development of a partnership with a company with which there is a high degree of product complementarity is suggested.
2. In the light of the Competitive and Market analyses as well as of the previous recommendation, the introduction of a new pricing strategy is suggested.
3. On the basis of the Market and Online Marketing Mix analyses, an extension of the sub-brand line in growing segments of the electronic music industry is suggested.
7
Rogers, Seth A. "Metric Displacement of Tony Williams' Early Career". Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1274307983.
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Huh, You Lim. "Rhythm generators in the septohippocampal network and their role in hippocampal theta rhythm". Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114229.
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Hippocampal theta rhythm is an oscillatory activity in the range of 3 – 12 Hz, prominently observed in hippocampal extracellular field recordings in vivo. Hippocampal theta rhythm has been closely associated with episodic memory and spatial learning in both humans and animals. Here, I describe two research projects I carried out in the course of my Ph.D., exploring several different types of neurons that could serve as potential rhythm generators for hippocampal theta rhythm. The medial septum and diagonal band of Broca (MS-DBB) has long been known to provide crucial inputs for the generation of hippocampal theta rhythm in vivo. The 'septohippocampal network' thus refers to the hippocampal formation, the MS-DBB and the connections between the two structures. While there has been many studies investigating the contributions of cholinergic and GABAergic MS-DBB neurons, the role of the recently described glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons in the septohippocampal network and theta rhythm generation remains unknown. In order to address this issue, for my first project, I investigated the electrophysiological properties of the glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons and examined their functional role in the septohippocampal network. Recently, a study using a complete hippocampal preparation in vitro demonstrated that the CA1 region of the hippocampal formation can generate its own theta oscillations independently of external inputs. It is unknown which CA1 interneuron subtype plays a key role in generating this intrinsic CA1 theta rhythm. During in vivo theta rhythm, parvalbumin (PV)- and somatostatin (SOM)-expressing interneurons fire strongly phase-locked to field theta rhythm, indicating that they may be good candidates for potential theta rhythm generators. Thus, for my second project, I explored the intrinsic properties of PV and SOM interneurons and examined their cellular behaviour during in vitro CA1 theta rhythm. Furthermore, I investigated the causal role of these interneurons in CA1 field theta oscillations using optogenetic silencing methods. Results from the first project illustrate that in addition to the well-known cholinergic and GABAergic septohippocampal pathway, the glutamatergic MS-DBB neurons provide a functional excitatory synaptic input to hippocampal neurons that may contribute to theta rhythm generation and synchronization across the septohippocampal network. Results from the second project demonstrate that both synaptic and intrinsic factors determine the interneurons' firing patterns during theta rhythm and that PV interneurons, with their highly synchronous and powerful inhibitory outputs onto pyramidal cells, appear to play an important role in generating the field theta signal. These findings provide new information about the potential role of several different neuronal classes in the septohippocampal network in relation to theta rhythm generation. It is my hope that a greater understanding of this matter will bring new insights into the mechanisms with which neural oscillations contribute to essential operations of the brain such as learning and memory.Le rythme thêta de l'hippocampe est une activité neuronale oscillatoire dans la gamme de 3 - 12 hertz, pouvant être primordialement observée durant les enregistrements extracellulaires de champ hippocampal in vivo. Le rythme thêta hippocampal a été étroitement associé à la mémoire épisodique et à l'exploration spatiale chez les humains et les animaux. Dans cette thèse, je décris deux projets de recherche mis à exécution au cours de mon Ph.D. et explorant différents types de neurones qui pourraient potentiellement servir de générateurs pour les rythmes thêta de l'hippocampe. Le septum médian et la bande diagonale de Broca (MS-DBB) ont été longtemps reconnus comme les zones principales fournissant les entrées cruciales pour la génération du rythme thêta de l'hippocampe in vivo. Le « réseau septohippocampal » se rapporte ainsi à la formation hippocampale, au MS-DBB et aux raccordements entre les deux structures. Bien qu'un grand nombre d'études ait déjà exploré la contribution des neurones cholinergiques et GABAergic du MS-DBB dans le réseau septohippocampal et dans la génération des rythmes thêta, le rôle d'une population de neurones glutamatergiques nouvellement découverte au niveau du MS-DBB, reste pour l'instant inconnu. Afin d'aborder cette question, pour mon premier projet, j'ai étudié les propriétés électrophysiologiques des neurones glutamatergiques du MS-DBB et j'ai examiné leur rôle fonctionnel dans le réseau septohippocampal. Récemment, une étude utilisant une préparation hippocampale complète in vitro a par ailleurs démontré que la région CA1 de la formation hippocampale peut produire ses propres oscillations thêta, indépendamment des entrées externes. L'identité des sous-types d'interneurones qui sont impliquées dans la production de ce rythme thêta intrinsèque à CA1 est pour l'instant inconnue. Pendant le rythme thêta in vivo, les interneurones qui expriment la parvalbumin (PV) - ou la somatostatin (SOM) - déchargent fortement et à phase-verrouillé sur le rythme extracellulaire, indiquant qu'elles pourraient être de bons candidats de générateurs pour le rythme thêta. Ainsi, pour mon deuxième projet, j'ai exploré les propriétés intrinsèques des interneurones PV et SOM et j'ai examiné leur comportement cellulaire au cours du rythme thêta enregistré in vitro dans la région CA1. En outre, j'ai examiné le rôle causal de ces interneurones dans la thêta de champ en utilisant des méthodes optogénétiques pour contrôler l'activité neuronale. Les résultats du premier projet illustrent qu'en plus des voies septohippocampales cholinergiques et GABAergiques bien connues, les neurones glutamatergiques du MS-DBB fournissent une entrée synaptique excitatrice fonctionnelle aux neurones de l'hippocampe. Ces neurones pourraient ainsi contribuer à la génération et à la synchronisation des rythmes thêta à travers le réseau septohippocampal. Les résultats du deuxième projet démontrent; 1) que plusieurs facteurs synaptiques et intrinsèques déterminent les modes de mise à feu des interneurones pendant le rythme thêta et ; 2) que les interneurones PV, avec leurs sorties inhibitrices fortement synchrones et puissantes sur les cellules pyramidales, semblent jouer un rôle prépondérant dans le contrôle du signal thêta de champ. Ces résultats fournissent de nouvelles informations au sujet du rôle potentiel de différentes classes neuronales du réseau septohippocampal par rapport à la génération du rythme thêta. J'ai grand espoir que ces travaux mèneront à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes avec lesquels les oscillations neurales contribuent aux opérations essentielles du cerveau telles que l'apprentissage et la mémoire.
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Cheong, Yong Jeon. "Empty and filled rhythms:An inquiry into the different cognitive processing of vocal and instrumental rhythms". The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1367227934.
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Nakata, Hitomi. "Timing relationship between spoken and sung utterances in Japanese : speech rhythm and musical rhythm". Thesis, University of Reading, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440104.
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CULLAN, MICHAEL JOSEPH. "TERNARY RHYTHM NOTATION: A NOVEL GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTION OF MUSICAL RHYTHM OVER AN ALGEBRAIC LATTICE". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612819.
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We present a novel musical notation, generated by a formal grammar, which symbolizes musical rhythms as
strings over a ternary alphabet. This notative system is shown to be an improvement over the conventional
binary rhythm notation, because it uniquely encodes any rhythm given in classical, sheet music notation.
We leverage this grammatical system to compute the number of distinct rhythms up to a specified timeunit.
We then define a binary operation on the strings generated by the rhythm grammar to coincide with
the musical notion of ”additive rhythm.” We show that the set of musical rhythms with a given time-unit
becomes a finite commutative monoid under this operation, and moreover that this operation imbues the set
with an algebraic lattice structure. Finally, we use the algebraic properties of this representation of musical
rhythms to define a number of similarity measures between rhythms, which we suggest to have applications
in automated music transcription.
12
Kerlin, Jess Robert. "Not a slave to the rhythm : the perceptual consequences of rhythmic visual stimulation". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6836/.
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We investigated whether rhythmic visual stimulation leads to changes in visual perception attributable to the entrainment of endogenous alpha-band oscillations. First, we report evidence that the attentional blink phenomenon is not selectively modified by alpha-band rhythmic entrainment. Next, we provide evidence that changes in single target identification following rhythmic stimulation are poorly explained by rhythmic entrainment, but well explained by alternative factors. We report failures to replicate the results of two previous visual entrainment studies supporting the hypothesis that alpha-band rhythmic stimulation leads to matching rhythmic fluctuations in target detection. Finally, we examined whether temporal acuity during an RSVP sequence is dependent on rhythmic entrainment by studying the role of object change on temporal acuity, finding novel results inconsistent with the predictions of the rhythmic entrainment model. We conclude that visual perception is robust against entrainment to task-irrelevant rhythmic visual inputs and that endogenous and externally driven oscillations in the visual system may be functionally distinct.
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Abravaya, Ido. "On Bach's rhythm and tempo /". Kassel [u.a.] : Bärenreiter, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014918243&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Mani, Alireza. "Cardiac rhythm abnormalities in cirrhosis". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446020/.
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Liver cirrhosis is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction including decreased heart rate variability and impaired acceleration of the heart rate in response to sympathetic activation (chronotropic incompetence). In this thesis, the hypothesis that increased formation of reactive nitrogen species in cirrhosis causes nitration or S-nitrosation of cardiac proteins and leads to impaired chronotropic function was assessed in an experimental model of cirrhosis. Cardiac chronotropic responsiveness to fi-adrenergic stimulation was assessed in vitro using spontaneous beating rat isolated atria. A novel mass spectrometric method was developed for dynamic assessment of nitration reactions based on the nitration of deuterium-labelled pra-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid. Nitration of cardiac proteins was measured by mass spectrometry and located by immunogold electron microscopy. Marked impairment of chronotropic responses of isolated atria to isoproterenol was observed in rats with cirrhosis, which normalized after the administration of N-acetylcysteine (a scavenger of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species) or L-NAME (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). The levels of protein-bound nitrotyrosine in atrial tissue increased from 16 1 to 23 3 pg/g tyrosine in rats with cirrhosis, and decreased to 15 1 and 17 1 pg/g after treatment with L-NAME and N-acetylcysteine, respectively (P<0.05). Immunogold electron microscopy demonstrated increased nitration of filaments and mitochondria in the atria of rats with cirrhosis. A chemiluminescence- based method was developed to stabilise and measure S-nitrosothiols in tissues. There was no difference in cardiac S-nitrosothiols following induction of cirrhosis, and neither N-acetylcysteine nor L-NAME had any effect on the cardiac levels of S-nitrosothiols. Autonomic regulation of cardiac function was assessed by analysis of heart rate variability in anesthetized rats using Fast Fourier Transformation. Heart rate variability analysis showed impaired sympathovagal balance towards increase of cardiac sympathetic activity in rats with cirrhosis (P<0.05). However there was no change in the sympathovagal balance following N-acetylcysteine or L-NAME adminstration in cirrhotic rats. In conclusion, abnormal cardiac chronotropic function in cirrhosis is associated with increased nitration of cardiac proteins. Two independent treatments (N-acetylcysteine and L-NAME) that decrease nitration of cardiac proteins led to normalization of cardiac responses. Nitration of critical proteins in cardiac tissue may lead to abnormal cardiac function.
15
Rodriguez, Pamela. "The rhythm of Spanish prose". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/19265.
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Colby, Brooke Bickley-Green Cynthia. "Rhythm to the art educator". [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2228.
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Thesis (M.A.Ed.)--East Carolina University, 2009.Presented to the faculty of the School of Art and Design. Advisor: Cynthia Bickley-Green. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed June 22, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
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Perna, Francesca. "Musical Expertise and rhythm processing". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/368175.
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For decades, researchers have been trying to understand how the human mind/brain processes rhythm and time in general. Within this framework, many studies have explored the influence of long-term musical training on the neural and behavioral correlates of rhythm processing. Some pieces of evidence point to enhanced rhythm processing in musicians as one of the consequences of the structural and functional changes in many brain areas involved in auditory processing, motor synchronization and cognitive control. Yet there is still more controversy than consensus on this field. Indeed, several behavioral and neural studies report opposite results and describe contrasting effects associated to rhythm perception in musicians and non-musicians.
The aim of the project described in this thesis was to shed new light on the effects of long-term musical training on the behavioral and neural correlates of rhythm processing. First, I addressed whether musical expertise influences rhythm processing when this is not task-relevant. Next, I expanded the investigation to the ability of musicians to orient efficiently attention in time. I explored these questions by looking at behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates associated to the detection of auditory deviant stimuli.
Chapter 1 is a general introduction to the current knowledge on rhythm processing. After a description of the most influential theories of temporal elaboration, it introduces some of the electrophysiological correlates associated to regularity violation. Then, it provides a detailed description of the neural and behavioral changes triggered by a long-term musical training, focusing on rhythm processing. At the end of this introduction, the aims and hypotheses of each experiment are presented in detail. In Chapter 2, I describe two behavioral experiments that explored how the processing of different temporal structures (rhythmical, non-rhythmical) influences the detection of deviant stimuli (Experiment 1), and addressed the role of a refined metrical representation in musicians and non-musicians (Experiment 2). The results revealed an overall superior performance of musicians in all experimental conditions, thus pointing to an enhanced auditory perception as consequence of their musical training. The results also highlight a large-scale processing of rhythm, independent of musical expertise. Furthermore, the results on response speed indicate a refined metrical processing only in musicians. Thus, the first part of the thesis demonstrates that long-term musical training boosts meter processing, whereas (some form of) rhythm processing appears to be overall present in all individuals.
In Chapter 3, I report an EEG experiment which was aimed at exploring the effects of long-term musical training on the neural correlates of auditory deviance violation (Mismatch Negativity – MMN and Middle Latency Responses - MLRs), by inserting deviant stimuli in rhythmical (at strong and weak metrical positions) and non-rhythmical structures. Deviant stimuli within rhythmical structures elicited larger MMN compared to non-rhythmical ones in all participants. Moreover, the MMN was also modulated by meter as showed by the smaller amplitude for deviants at strong than weak positions. Interestingly, a deeper investigation of the neural modulations associated to the strong positions revealed a stronger response in musicians than non-musicians. This demonstrates the prevailing effect of stimulus salience (strong metrical positions and frequency deviant at these positions) over the effect of prediction for musicians. Finally, effect of long-term musical training modulated the MLRs for deviants within rhythmical structures. Taken together, these results indicate an effect of musical expertise at early and late stages of deviance perception, as evidenced by modulations of the MLR and MMN responses.
Chapter 4 reports the results of a cross-modal cueing experiment aimed at investigating the influence of long-term musical training on the ability to orient attention in time using external cues. Besides behavioral and ERP responses, here I examined a particular neural response associated to entrainment: the steady state evoked potential (SS-EP). The results showed that auditory cues greatly facilitate attention orienting in time. Furthermore, targets preceded by short intervals were highly expected and this was visible both at the behavioral (high efficiency and more anticipations) and neural (larger CNV and reduced P300 amplitude) levels. Effects of musical expertise were present only in behavioral data and only when considering the mostly trained sensory modality (audition). Finally, musicians were less synchronized to the rhythm than non-musicians (reduced SS-EPs). In sum, these results indicate that the auditory modality better guide temporal orienting than the visual one, and that this effect is magnified for musicians. Finally, weaker synchronization to rhythm in musicians may mirror the ease with which they process rhythm. Chapter 5 is a summary of the main results and of their interpretation.
18
Perna, Francesca. "Musical Expertise and rhythm processing". Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2018. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2824/1/PhDThesis_PernaFrancesca.pdf.
Texto completoResumen
For decades, researchers have been trying to understand how the human mind/brain processes rhythm and time in general. Within this framework, many studies have explored the influence of long-term musical training on the neural and behavioral correlates of rhythm processing. Some pieces of evidence point to enhanced rhythm processing in musicians as one of the consequences of the structural and functional changes in many brain areas involved in auditory processing, motor synchronization and cognitive control. Yet there is still more controversy than consensus on this field. Indeed, several behavioral and neural studies report opposite results and describe contrasting effects associated to rhythm perception in musicians and non-musicians.
The aim of the project described in this thesis was to shed new light on the effects of long-term musical training on the behavioral and neural correlates of rhythm processing. First, I addressed whether musical expertise influences rhythm processing when this is not task-relevant. Next, I expanded the investigation to the ability of musicians to orient efficiently attention in time. I explored these questions by looking at behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) correlates associated to the detection of auditory deviant stimuli.
Chapter 1 is a general introduction to the current knowledge on rhythm processing. After a description of the most influential theories of temporal elaboration, it introduces some of the electrophysiological correlates associated to regularity violation. Then, it provides a detailed description of the neural and behavioral changes triggered by a long-term musical training, focusing on rhythm processing. At the end of this introduction, the aims and hypotheses of each experiment are presented in detail. In Chapter 2, I describe two behavioral experiments that explored how the processing of different temporal structures (rhythmical, non-rhythmical) influences the detection of deviant stimuli (Experiment 1), and addressed the role of a refined metrical representation in musicians and non-musicians (Experiment 2). The results revealed an overall superior performance of musicians in all experimental conditions, thus pointing to an enhanced auditory perception as consequence of their musical training. The results also highlight a large-scale processing of rhythm, independent of musical expertise. Furthermore, the results on response speed indicate a refined metrical processing only in musicians. Thus, the first part of the thesis demonstrates that long-term musical training boosts meter processing, whereas (some form of) rhythm processing appears to be overall present in all individuals.
In Chapter 3, I report an EEG experiment which was aimed at exploring the effects of long-term musical training on the neural correlates of auditory deviance violation (Mismatch Negativity – MMN and Middle Latency Responses - MLRs), by inserting deviant stimuli in rhythmical (at strong and weak metrical positions) and non-rhythmical structures. Deviant stimuli within rhythmical structures elicited larger MMN compared to non-rhythmical ones in all participants. Moreover, the MMN was also modulated by meter as showed by the smaller amplitude for deviants at strong than weak positions. Interestingly, a deeper investigation of the neural modulations associated to the strong positions revealed a stronger response in musicians than non-musicians. This demonstrates the prevailing effect of stimulus salience (strong metrical positions and frequency deviant at these positions) over the effect of prediction for musicians. Finally, effect of long-term musical training modulated the MLRs for deviants within rhythmical structures. Taken together, these results indicate an effect of musical expertise at early and late stages of deviance perception, as evidenced by modulations of the MLR and MMN responses.
Chapter 4 reports the results of a cross-modal cueing experiment aimed at investigating the influence of long-term musical training on the ability to orient attention in time using external cues. Besides behavioral and ERP responses, here I examined a particular neural response associated to entrainment: the steady state evoked potential (SS-EP). The results showed that auditory cues greatly facilitate attention orienting in time. Furthermore, targets preceded by short intervals were highly expected and this was visible both at the behavioral (high efficiency and more anticipations) and neural (larger CNV and reduced P300 amplitude) levels. Effects of musical expertise were present only in behavioral data and only when considering the mostly trained sensory modality (audition). Finally, musicians were less synchronized to the rhythm than non-musicians (reduced SS-EPs). In sum, these results indicate that the auditory modality better guide temporal orienting than the visual one, and that this effect is magnified for musicians. Finally, weaker synchronization to rhythm in musicians may mirror the ease with which they process rhythm. Chapter 5 is a summary of the main results and of their interpretation.
19
Trogen, Greta. "Circulating Oligomeric State and Circadian Rhythm Regulation of CTRP3". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/120.
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Adipose tissue secretes many important biologically active proteins called adipokines. A subset of adipokines, called C1q tumor necrosis factor (TNF) related proteins (CTRPs), play a key role in metabolism, inflammation, and cell signaling. C1q TNF Related Protein 3 (CTRP3) increases hepatic fatty acid oxidation, decreases inflammation, and aids in cardiovascular recovery following a myocardial infarction. However, the mechanisms behind CTRP3’s protective effects on organ systems are unknown. This exploratory study aims to analyze the circulating oligomeric state of CTRP3 and the circadian regulation of CTRP3 to help understand the role of CTRP3 in preventing disease. METHODS: For analysis of the oligomeric state of CTRP3 non-fasting mouse serum was collected from high fat fed hyper-glycemic mice or low fat fed normoglycemic mice and was separated by size exclusion filtration. For analysis of the circadian regulation of CTRP3 serum samples were collected from mice at 4 different time points (2 dark cycle and 2 light cycle) throughout the day and circulating CTRP3 levels were analyzed by immunoblot analysis. RESULTS: In both high fat and low fat fed mice CTRP3 was found to circulate in both >300 kDa oligomers and >100kDa oligomers, with no detectable amount of CTRP3 less 100 kDa. Interestingly, although there was no difference in the total amount of CTRP3 between the high fat and low fat fed mice there was a higher abundance of CTRP3 >300 kDa in the high fat fed and a greater abundance of CTRP3 found 100-300 kDa. Additionally, we found that serum CTRP3 levels vary greatly throughout a 24-hour time-period within each mouse, but no consensus circadian pattern was observed. CONCLUSION: In vitro mammalian produced recombinant CTRP3 protein was found to exist as trimer, hexamer, and high molecule weight. This is the first study to indicate that CTRP3 circulates in different oligomeric states in vivo, and this is also the first study to observe a difference in the oligomeric state of CTRP3 related to metabolic state. Combined these findings indicate that oligomeric state of CTRP3 may be more metabolically relevant than total amount of circulating CTRP3. In addition, our finding of a high variability of CTRP3 within the same mouse at different times throughout the day indicates that is not regulated by circadian rhythms but is susceptible to variability due to some unknown regulatory factor. These findings have identified novel unknown aspects of CTRP3, which require further research to understand the role of CTRP3 in human health and disease.
20
Foroughmand, Aarabi Hadrien. "Towards global tempo estimation and rhythm-oriented genre classification based on harmonic characteristics of rhythm". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS018.
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La détection automatique de la structure rythmique au sein de la musique est l'un des défis du domaine de recherche "Music Information Retrieval". L'avènement de la technologie dédiées aux arts a permis l'émergence de nouvelles tendances musicales généralement décrites par le terme d'"Electronic/Dance Music" (EDM) qui englobe une pléthore de sous-genres. Ce type de musique souvent dédiée à la danse se caractérise par sa structure rythmique. Nous proposons une analyse rythmique de ce qui définit certains genres musicaux dont ceux de l'EDM. Pour ce faire, nous souhaitons réaliser une tâche d'estimation automatique du tempo global et une tâche de classification des genres axée sur le rythme. Le tempo et le genre sont deux aspects entremêlés puisque les genres sont souvent associés à des motifs rythmiques qui sont joués dans des plages de tempo spécifiques. Certains systèmes d'estimation du tempo dit "handcrafted" ont montré leur efficacité en se basant sur l'extraction de caractéristiques liées au rythme. Récemment, avec l'apparition de base de données annotées, les systèmes dit "data-driven" et les approches d'apprentissage profond ont montré des progrès dans l'estimation automatique de ces tâches.Dans cette thèse, nous proposons des méthodes à la croisée des chemins entre les systèmes "handcrafted" et "data-driven". Le développement d'une nouvelle représentation du rythme combiné à un apprentissage profond par réseau de neurone convolutif est à la base de tous nos travaux. Nous présentons en détails notre méthode dites Deep Rhythm dans cette thèse et nous présentons également plusieurs extensions basées sur des intuitions musicales qui nous permettent d'améliorer nos résultatsAutomatic detection of the rhythmic structure within music is one of the challenges of the "Music Information Retrieval" research area. The advent of technology dedicated to the arts has allowed the emergence of new musical trends generally described by the term "Electronic/Dance Music" (EDM) which encompasses a plethora of sub-genres. This type of music often dedicated to dance is characterized by its rhythmic structure. We propose a rhythmic analysis of what defines certain musical genres including those of EDM. To do so, we want to perform an automatic global tempo estimation task and a genre classification task based on rhythm. Tempo and genre are two intertwined aspects since genres are often associated with rhythmic patterns that are played in specific tempo ranges. Some so-called "handcrafted" tempo estimation systems have been shown to be effective based on the extraction of rhythm-related characteristics. Recently, with the appearance of annotated databases, so-called "data-driven" systems and deep learning approaches have shown progress in the automatic estimation of these tasks. In this thesis, we propose methods at the crossroads between " handcrafted " and " data-driven " systems. The development of a new representation of rhythm combined with deep learning by convolutional neural network is at the basis of all our work. We present in detail our Deep Rhythm method in this thesis and we also present several extensions based on musical intuitions that allow us to improve our results
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Sogut, Mustafa. "The Effects Of Rhythm Training On Tennis Performance". Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610859/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the study wereto compare the effects of tennis specific and general rhythm training on the forehand consistency performance, rhythmic competence, tennis playing level and agility performance, and to examine the effects of different tempos on rhythmic competence of tennis players. 30 university students whose mean score of International Tennis Number (ITN) was 7.3 (SD=0.9) were divided randomly into three sub-groups: tennis group (TG), general rhythm training group (GRTG), and tennis-specific rhythm training group (TRTG). Measurement instruments were ITN, Agility Test, Rhythmic Competence Analysis Test (RCAT), and Untimed Consecutive Rally Test (UCRT). A Kruskal-Wallis Test was conducted to calculate possible differences between initial scores and to compare improvement scores of groups. A Mann-Whitney U Test was conducted to determine pairwise comparisons of groups for improvement scores and to analyze RCAT scores for different tempos. Results revealed that participants in both rhythm training groups (GRTG and TRTG) improved their forehand consistency performance and rhythmic competence significantly after training period. Results for the improvement scores indicated that there was significant difference in UCRT (3m) between TRTG and TG and in RCAT (50) between both rhythm training groups and TG. On the other hand, participation to additional rhythm trainings was unable to differentiate tennis playing level and agility performance of groups. There was no significant difference between rhythm training groups for all parameters tested. Results also revealed that synchronization of participants&rsquo
movements with the external stimulus was more precise at fast tempo than at slow tempo.
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Correia, André dos Reis Almeida. "Speed and rhythm in organizations: how do different generations cope with speed and rhythm at work?" Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/9693.
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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and EconomicsSpeed and rhythm in organizations can be examined from different perspectives and disciplines. The purpose of this work project is to investigate a theme that has been gaining relevance over the last few decades in Organizational Sciences: how people cope with speed and rhythm at work. Twenty-four employees, from two generations, of various hierarchical levels from a wide range of organizations were interviewed. Net Generation and Baby Boom Generation, the two generations in question, were analysed in equal proportions to find reliable differences in their perceptions. Significant findings were attained after analysing the results: a) Different generations have similar perceptions about speed and rhythm at work; b) Technology encourages networks producing a lack of boundaries and it challenges traditional ways of work management. At first, this difference appears to be a generational perception but it is not; c) Net Generation is used to perform multitasking, as a method to deal with high speed and rhythm, while Boom Generation, in general, do not feel capable of doing it; d) Although most people agree with the Slow Movements philosophy, which stands for a reduction of speed and rhythm in life, they generally believe it is very hard to practice it as a standard way of living.
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Janzen, Mikyla. "Heart rhythm changes in eating disorders". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/62532.
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The full abstract for this thesis is available in the body of the thesis, and will be available when the embargo expires.Medicine, Faculty of
Experimental Medicine, Division of
Medicine, Department of
Graduate
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Harper, David G. "Circadian rhythm disturbances in advanced dementia /". Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2000.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2000.Adviser: David Harder. Submitted to the Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 90-116). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Thul, Eric. "Measuring the complexity of musical rhythm". Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=116081.
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This thesis studies measures of musical rhythm complexity. Informally, rhythm complexity may be thought of as the difficulty humans have performing a rhythm, listening to a rhythm, or recognizing its structure. The problem of understanding rhythm complexity has been studied in musicology and psychology, but there are approaches for its measurement from a variety of domains. This thesis aims to evaluate rhythm complexity measures based on how accurately they reflect human-based measures. Also, it aims to compare their performance using rhythms from Africa, India, and rhythms generated randomly. The results suggest that none of the measures accurately reflect the difficulty humans have performing or listening to rhythm; however, the measures do accurately reflect how humans recognize a rhythm's metrical structure. Additionally, the results suggest a need for normalization of the measures to account for variety among cultural rhythms.
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Zavortink, Matthew. "Analysis of Rhythm in Rap Music". Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20418.
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Although the analysis of popular music has become widely accepted by theorists, rap and related genres are still relatively unexplored. The small body of existing literature suggests several promising analytic methods, such as the discernment and comparison of rhythmic layers within a song. This thesis reviews the current state of rap research and synthesizes a comprehensive theoretical model out of previously published sources and the author’s original ideas. This model is then used to investigate several case studies of varying complexity, revealing a number of previously undocumented musical devices and promising avenues for further research.
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Patrick, Jean L. S. "Fred Newton Scott and prose rhythm". Thesis, Kansas State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9945.
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Star, The. "Students showcase their rhythm and rhyme". The Star, 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000339.
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Kushniryk, O. V. "Impact of seasons on circadian rhythm". Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18035.
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Chiang, Alan King Ip. "Automated Quantification of Human Alpha Rhythm". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/7235.
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This thesis seeks to quantify human alpha rhythm in order to obtain better measures to test theoretical models of neurodynamics, with potential clinical applications for the method of identification. An automated algorithm is developed in Chapter 2 to facilitate collection of objective data from an expanded alpha band (4–14 Hz) in a large number of subjects. This method avoids subjective bias inherent to traditional visual identification of the alpha activity, produced multiple peak information (if multiple peaks exist) that is absent in qEEG measures, and uses information from multiple electrode sites to eliminate spurious peaks. This method is tested and validated on 100 subjects. In addition to traditional measures of alpha activities such as the frequency and amplitude, further measures were devised to better quantify the alpha rhythm and its spatial characteristics. Background spectra in the alpha range are also characterized. In Chapter 3 the algorithm is applied to a large (1498 subjects) database of normal healthy subjects of approximately equal number in each sex, as well as a large span in age (6–86 years), in order to establish typical parameter ranges. Analysis is done comparing the age and the topological trends that are known variants in the alpha rhythm. Investigations are also performed to test for potential sex differences and/or lateralities. Key results are that double alpha peaks are resolved in a large proportion of the subjects ( 50%), while single alpha peak cases are likely to be double-peak cases in which the two peaks are not resolved. Age trends in measures of alpha activity show increase of alpha frequency from childhood to adolescence, a plateau in adulthood, and a slight decline in old age; a decrease in alpha amplitude in old age is also observed. These findings are consistent with previous literature and provide better statistics. Topological distribution of the alpha activity on the head is also explored, with little lateral asymmetry observed. No statistically significant differences between the sexes are found. The C++ code that was developed and utilized in this thesis is included in Appendix B. It is provided on disk and is available online. A study carried out on the same group of subjects to determine age-related trends of EEG parameters produced by model fitting is included in Appendixes C, to provide a comparison between the methods and highlights corresponding results.
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Janezic, Alexandra Katarina. "A certain rhythm, a certain knowing". Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1644.
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Lemire, Chantal. "At the "Crossroads” : the interaction between speech rhythm and musical rhythm in Tom Waits's spoken-word song". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45218.
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In this study I will analyze the spoken-word song, “Crossroads,” by singer-songwriter Tom Waits. “Crossroads” combines natural speech and metrical music, which highlights the rhythmic similarities and differences between speech and music. My analysis combines analytical tools developed in linguistics and music that can examine the rhythmic sensations created through spoken word. Christopher Hasty’s theory of metric projection represents the rhythmic structure of the musical accompaniment, and Bruce Hayes’s theory of metrical stress represents the rhythmic structure of Waits’s speech. The combination of the two theories explores how the presence of natural speech changes my sensation of the musical accompaniment, and vice versa. In my analysis of “Crossroads,” I propose that combination of speech and metrical music can generate a unique sensation of rhythm and structure akin to an optical illusion. This approach offers one possible way that the analysis of spoken word can prioritize its performance aspects to the same degree as the artists who use the form.
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Hogan, Kharim Manuelle. "Computer recognition of rhythmic patterns : the applicability of neural network architectures for modelling musical rhythm". Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55412.
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Modelling a listener's perception of musical rhythm requires both an understanding of rhythm as a whole as well as a definition of its constituent elements. The hypothesis is that once we can adequately define rhythm, we can then begin to design and implement models to gain insight into the perceptual processes which occur when listening to rhythmic sequences. This research outlines studies which have attempted to define and outline both the structure and the perception of rhythm. Based on the conclusions of these investigations, a computer model is designed and implemented using connectionist techniques. The emphases on this model are to arrive at a viable solution for extracting rhythmic material from performed input, and to implement time-scale invariance. Time-scale invariance allows the system to recognize (categorize) similar patterns played at different tempos as being the same pattern. The performance of this model is evaluated against earlier models designed with similar neural network architectures as well as in relation to the conclusions drawn by music theorists and psychologists.
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Rose, Bernard N. (Bernard Norman). "The Effect of Rhythm on Melodic Expectancy". Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332020/.
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The present study sought to confirm melodic expectancy patterns discovered in a previous investigation and to determine whether data would be affected by altering the rhythmic condition of the stimuli. The three problems of this investigation were to study expectancies generated by two-note stimulus intervals of equal duration; the expectancies generated by stimulus intervals presented with a long-short rhythm; and the expectancies generated by stimulus intervals presented with a short-long rhythm. Fifty subjects were asked to sing what they believed would be the natural continuation of the melody begun by a two-note stimulus interval. The stimulus intervals were grouped in rhythmic sets, one set of neutral-rhythm stimuli, one set of long-short stimuli, and one set of short-long stimuli. The interval from the second note of the stimulus interval to the first sung note was transcribed as the generated expectancy response interval. The data were examined in two basic ways, using response data as a whole and examining data for each stimulus interval separately. A third method of data evaluation concerned harmonic triads occurring in the response data. Both when considering response frequency as a whole, and when considering response data separately for each melodic beginning, no significant difference associated with rhythmic condition could be found. Smaller response intervals were generated much more often than large intervals. Some stimulus intervals, notably the major second ascending, were observed to be much more powerful generators than others. It was concluded from these results that in response to two-note stimulus intervals melodic expectancy can clearly be shown to operate, confirming the results of an earlier study, but that no effect of rhythm on melodic expectancy can be shown to operate.
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Olijnek, Scheuzger Andrea Joy. "The effects of specific transfer activities on fifth grade orchestra and band students' rhythmic performance". Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1148567238.
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Samson, Duncan y Marc Schäfer. "Figural pattern generalisation - the role of rhythm". Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-83038.
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Abdou, Jeanne Anne. "Circadian rhythm disruption and post-surgical recovery". FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1252.
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Circadian rhythms, patterns of each twenty-four hour period, are found in most bodily functions. The biological cycles of between 20 and 28 hours have a profound effect on an individual's mood, level of performance, and physical well being. Loss of synchrony of these biological rhythms occurs with hospitalization, surgery and anesthesia. The purpose of this comparative, correlational study was to determine the effects of circadian rhythm disruption in post-surgical recovery. Data were collected during the pre-operative and post-operative periods in the following indices: body temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, urine cortisol level and locomotor activity. The data were analyzed by cosinor analysis for evidence of circadian rhythmicity and disruptions throughout the six day study period which encompassed two days pre-operatively, two days post-operatively, and two days after hospital discharge. The sample consisted of five men and five women who served as their own pre-surgical control. The surgical procedures were varied. Findings showed evidence of circadian disruptions in all subjects post-operatively, lending support for the hypotheses.
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Igras, Eugene. "Computer simulation of rhythm-generating neuronal networks". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0016/MQ48016.pdf.
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Hemels, Martin Eric Willem. "Rhythm control strategies for symptomatic atrial fibrillation". [S.l. : Groningen : s.n. ; University Library of Groningen] [Host], 2007. http://irs.ub.rug.nl/ppn/305364359.
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Mellander, Evan W. "A prosodic theory of prominence and rhythm /". Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82932.
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Building on earlier work, notably Kager (1993, 1995) and framed in Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky 1993), this thesis presents a theory of foot structure in which the asymmetric maximal expansions of iambic and trochaic feet (cf. the Iambic/Trochaic Law: 1TL, e.g. Hayes 1995) are accounted for by a single constraint, HEAD GOVERNMENT (Mellander 2001c, 2002b). The present analysis devotes special attention to a class of quantitative processes in trochaic systems which generate uneven (HL) trochaic feet. In contrast to previous analyses (e.g. Hayes 1995), such processes are shown to be of phonological rather than phonetic nature in certain languages, and the ramifications of this conclusion are explored with regard to a variety of issues in prosodic theory.The evidence for the phonological status of (HL)-creating processes comes from published data on Mohawk, Selayarese, Gidabal, and Oromo, as well as original field data from Central Slovak. Following Piggott (1998, 2001) and Mellander (2001a, c, 2002b), these processes are seen to follow from H EAD PROMINENCE, a constraint which requires greater relative intrinsic prominence in the head of a prosodic constituent. Since HEAD PROMINENCE is sensitive to intrinsic prominence, its effects are shown to hold irrespective of derived prominence resulting from the application of stress rules. H EAD PROMINENCE is also shown to play a central role in accounting for diphthongal quantity-prominence relations, where cross-linguistic patterns of long vowel diphthongization in bimoraic syllables mirror those of (HL)-creating processes in disyllabic feet.
In contrast to previous work on HEAD GOVERNMENT (Mellander 2001c, 2002b), the absence of languages which require violations of this constraint implies that it is universally undominated, contra the standard Optimality Theoretic assumption of universal constraint violability. This view is also supported by the analysis of ternary stress systems, where the absence of unattested quaternary and quinternary systems relies crucially on the inviolability of HEAD G OVERNMENT.
A final aspect of this thesis is the development of a preliminary model to explain asymmetries in structure and markedness between iambic and trochaic systems, including distributional asymmetries, Iambic Lengthening, and the ITL. Based on work by Van de Vijver (1998) this approach abandons traditional symmetric notions of iambicity and trochaicity in favour of an asymmetric pair of constraints---PEAK-FIRST and *E DGEMOST. Iambic/trochaic asymmetries consequently emerge as artefacts of constraint interaction and require no additional theoretical machinery.
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Krawitz, Sherry. "Rhythm and meaning in the Homeric hexameter". Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66222.
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Hall, Debbora. "Memory for rhythm and short-term memory". Thesis, University of York, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495877.
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Tarui, Takeshi. "English speech rhythm and the Japanese learner". Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436610.
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Setter, Jane Elizabeth. "Rhythm and timing in Hong Kong English". Thesis, University of Reading, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.339955.
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Marketing, Corporate Affairs and. "Rhythm, Vol.2 No.1, 07/2005". Corporate Affairs and Marketing, 2005. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000668.
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Sheikhbahaei, Shahriar. "Astroglial control of respiratory rhythm generating circuits". Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2017. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10037956/.
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Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cells of the central nervous system, are well known to provide neuronal circuits with essential structural and metabolic support. There is also evidence that astrocytes may modulate the activities of neuronal circuits controlling motor rhythms including those of the brainstem’s preBötzinger complex (preBötC) that generates the rhythm of breathing in mammals. However, the extent and mechanisms of active astroglial control of the respiratory rhythm-generating circuits remain unknown. The morphological features of astrocytes in this critical brainstem region are also unknown. In this dissertation, viral gene transfer approaches designed to block or activate astroglial signaling pathways were used to determine the role of preBötC astrocytes in the control of breathing using in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Computer-aided morphometric analyses were used to investigate the structural features of brainstem astrocytes potentially contributing to their functional role. The results from these complementary, multi-faceted experiments show that (i) morphologically, preBötC astrocytes are larger, have more branches, and longer processes when compared to astrocytes residing in other regions of the brainstem; (ii) in conscious adult rats, blockade of vesicular release mechanisms or ATP-mediated signaling in preBötC astrocytes by virally-induced bilateral expression of either the light chain of tetanus toxin (TeLC), the dominant-negative SNARE proteins (dnSNARE), or a potent ectonucleotidase – transmembrane prostatic acid phosphatase – results in a significant reduction of resting respiratory frequency and frequency of sighs, augmented breaths that engage preBötC circuits to increase inspiratory effort; (iii) hypoxic- and CO2-induced ventilatory responses are significantly reduced when vesicular release mechanisms in preBötC astrocytes are blocked; (iv) activation of preBötC astrocytes expressing Gq-coupled Designer Receptor Exclusively Activated by Designer Drug is associated with higher frequency of both normal inspirations and sighs; (v) blockade of vesicular release mechanisms (expression of TeLC or dnSNARE) in preBötC astrocytes is associated with a dramatic reduction of exercise capacity. These data suggest that astroglial mechanisms involving exocytotic vesicular release of signaling molecules (gliotransmitters), provides tonic excitatory drive to the inspiratory rhythm-generating circuits of the preBötC and contributes to the generation of sighs. The role of preBötC astrocytes in central nervous mechanisms controlling breathing becomes especially important in conditions of metabolic stress requiring homeostatic adjustments of breathing such as systemic hypoxia, hypercapnia, and exercise, when enhanced respiratory efforts are critical to support physiological and behavioral demands of the body.
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Crespi, Paola. "Rudolf Laban's graphic philosophy : movement, rhythm, diagramming". Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2016. http://research.gold.ac.uk/17906/.
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The thesis explores Rudolf Laban’s practice-inspired theory through an understanding of temporality and spatiality in terms of the productive tension between movement and form. This repositioning of Laban’s work allows us to appreciate his importance for contemporary media philosophy and performance studies. The key claim is that Laban’s contribution highlights a co-dependency between, on the one hand, rhythm, intended as formed time and, on the other hand, the diagram, intended as dynamic space. It is argued that the dynamism of the visual diagram originates from the intensity of rhythm before this settles down as meter and form. Rhythm unfolds as an oscillation between flow and meter made visible in Laban’s freehand drawings. The thesis considers these drawings as diagrams, in that they are graphic inscriptions partaking of the dynamism of rhythm and of the act of drawing. Rhythm emerges from the process of research as the leading concept of Laban’s work from the early 1920s throughout his life. Evidence to support this claim is uncovered largely in unpublished material both visual and textual, in German and in English. This was found in the course of research in the largest and virtually overlooked collection of Laban’s work in England (National Resource Centre for Dance, University of Surrey) representing Laban’s latest production (1938-1958). The material highlights the way in which Laban was thinking of both rhythm and of his drawings in terms of the relation of movement to structure. The thesis’s understanding of this relation in Laban’s work is afforded by a ‘diagrammatic methodology’, that is, a reflective re-organisation of the archival material deriving from the theories of the diagram of C.S. Peirce, Gilles Deleuze and Gilles Chatelet explored in the thesis.
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Fuhr, Jenny. "Experiencing rhythm : contemporary Malagasy music and identity". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344774/.
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My thesis is about experiences of ‘rhythm’ in ‘Contemporary Malagasy Music’ (Randrianary 2001), a field that has hardly been researched. I argue for the importance of integrating musical practices into ethnomusicological research. Despite an on-going debate on the need for a more performative approach, only very few scholars have put this aim into action (Baily 2008). Most music research so far, particularly studies on African music, are marked by prevailing and dominating Western discourses on and approaches to music with musical notation remaining the main analytical tool. This has been criticised as a constant search for difference, ignoring indigenous theories and understandings of music (Agawu 2003) and for carrying the risk of ‘essentializing music’ (Bohlman 1993). The challenge of competing discourses in my research becomes obvious with regard to ‘rhythm,’ a topic that seems to be the starting point for the musicians’ search for a collective identity for which music is a powerful tool (Stokes 1994, Frith 1996, Connell and Gibson 2003, Biddle and Knights 2007). In present day Madagascar where more and more musicians are transnationally connected (Kiwan and Meinhof 2011), but where musicians still struggle to access an international music market, questions of identity are regularly negotiated through the term and concept of ‘6/8 rhythm.’ Yet at the same time this term and concept is highly contested by the musicians as well. In Western music theory it is based on the idea of musical notation which at first glance seems to contradict the musicians’ emphasis on the Malagasy concept of oral tradition, the lova-tsofina (lova = heritage; sofina = ear) that many describe as the base for Malagasy music making. In order to tackle this challenge and go beyond the study of seemingly contradictory discourses, I argue that we need to analyse discourses and musical experiences in a constant interrelation. My thesis therefore takes on an interdisciplinary perspective, combining ethnomusicological methods, referring to the so-called ‘new fieldwork’ (Hellier-Tinoco 2003), with a discourse analytical approach to interview data. I focus on individuals and individual experiences as proposed in Rice’s ‘subject-centred ethnography’ (Rice 2003) as it is only through creating a shared space of experience that encompasses the researcher and the researched in an equal manner (Rice 2003: 173-174) that we can implement a ‘presumption of sameness’ (Agawu 2003).
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Doughty, Karolina Sofia Erika Ronander. "Walking and well-being : landscape, affect, rhythm". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/341936/.
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This thesis is an ethnographic exploration of group walking practices in the Hampshire countryside, investigating the embodied, affective and social practice of the shared walk and its relation to the individual pursuit of wellness. Responding to the growing literature in qualitative health geography using ‘therapeutic landscape’ as a conceptual framework, group walking practices are approached in this thesis from a perspective of more-than-representational theories of social practice that aims to address group dynamics and the role of social relations for the establishment of therapeutic spaces. While also drawing attention to the embodied and affective nature of experience, this thesis opens a discussion between health geography and cultural geographies on the issues of the body, mobility and collective experience. Further, the thesis aims to place the study findings within the wider cultural phenomena of ‘walking for health’ through an exploration of practices of assemblage. Deleuzian assemblage theory, both as a pragmatic analytical tool and an ontological position, offers a new approach to thinking health and place relationally, arguing for a distribution of agencies and providing a framework for tracing their emergent effects across complex networks. The thesis finds its empirical focus in ethnographic fieldwork with five walking groups as well as individual mobile interviews. The findings discussed in the thesis firstly pertain to the significance of social relations for well-being, exploring the kinds of socialities that are produced while walking together, and arguing that the shared walk has the potential to establish a place-specific social aesthetic that can be experienced as restorative. Secondly, the rural walkscape as a therapeutic landscape is analysed as a specific outcome of place-based rhythms, implicated in the performativity and mobility of the body in the creation of a restorative place/practice. It is found that the shared walk is characterised by specific rhythmic qualities and that walking as a health practice is subject to a range of norms, regulations and performative styles. The findings and conceptual development in this thesis contribute to an interrogation of the complex processes through which therapeutic landscapes are established, practiced and experienced. The thesis also contributes to more-than representational geographies of embodiment, affect and landscape, which are intimately tied up in the production and performance of both wellness and place.
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Bidgood, Lee y Bill and the Belles. "Performance at Bristol Rhythm and Roots Reunion". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1056.
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