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1
Wolff, Reinmar. "Party Autonomy to Agree on Non–Final Arbitration?" ASA Bulletin 26, Issue 3 (1 de septiembre de 2008): 626–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2008065.
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Recently the Supreme Courts of Germany and of the United States decided on party–agreed post–award state court review on the merits. While the German Federal Supreme Court held an arbitration clause valid which allowed each party to request a state court de novo review after the award was rendered (25 ASA Bulletin 4/2007 p. 810), the U.S. Supreme Court disallowed the parties to agree to expanded review of awards under the Federal Arbitration Act (26 ASA Bulletin 3/2008 p. 577). The article formulates an international perspective on the underlying conflict between party autonomy and finality of awards and draws conclusions for the handling of similar cases.
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Penades Fons, Manuel. "The effectiveness of EU law and private arbitration". Common Market Law Review 57, Issue 4 (1 de agosto de 2020): 1069–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2020716.
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This article examines the impact of the principle of effectiveness of EU law on private arbitration. It uses the frame of post-award litigation to demonstrate that the relationship between these two normative orders is transversal and potentially very disruptive. This is evidenced by the alteration of the burden of proof in post-award actions, the irrelevance of the loss of the right to object, the widening of judicial review over awards that violate EU public policy, and the possibility to scrutinize errors of EU mandatory law concerning the merits of the case. The result is the weakening of the finality of awards and the replacement of the principle of procedural autonomy of Member States by European procedural primacy.
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Junita, Fifi. "Judicial Review of International Arbitral Awards on the Public Policy Exception in Indonesia". Journal of International Arbitration 29, Issue 4 (1 de agosto de 2012): 405–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2012027.
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The principle of non-review of arbitral awards on the merits is of foundational importance to the finality and enforceability of foreign awards. This paper examines the nature and scope of judicial review of international awards based on the public policy exception by the Indonesian courts. This article argues that the courts review the material findings of facts of the award expansively, relying on the public policy exception. It indicates that the courts do not only review errors in findings of fact, but they also engage in a full and independent re-examination of the factual basis that allegedly gives rise to the public policy violation. In the latter part of this article, the author concludes that the broad scope and meaning ascribed to the public policy exception under the Indonesian Arbitration law and the court's expansive intervention are likely to inhibit the finality of foreign awards in Indonesia.
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Pérez-Bernabeu, Begoña. "Article: State Aid Through Arbitration Awards: EU Law as a Ground for Non-enforcement". Intertax 51, Issue 3 (1 de marzo de 2023): 219–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2023006.
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The relationship between international investment law (IIL) and EU law is not without problems as evidenced by the Achmea ruling. These tensions have become more evident in the Micula case in which the commission resorted to the state aid rules in order to attack arbitration awards arising from intra-EU Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) (deeming its enforcement as state aid). Despite its two rulings relating to the Micula saga, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has not yet validated (or not) the application of state aid rules to the enforcement of intra-EU awards. Hopefully, the upcoming general court’s judgment shall rule on the merits of the Micula case thereby dispelling doubts. Nevertheless, it is foreseeable that further clarifying judgments will be required concerning the recognition and enforcement of intra-EU awards in non-EU jurisdictions. This article reviews the current situation to show that, while state aid rules could adequately prevent the enforcement of an intra-EU award within EU borders, they lack effectiveness for blocking enforcement beyond its borders. Arbitration award, intra-EU BIT, State aid, Tax benefit repeal, Damages, Award recognition, Award enforcement, Public policy, Micula, Achmea, ICSID Convention, New York Convention.
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L. Stamer, Hanna. "Should German Courts Review Competition Law Awards on the Merits? Significance of the German Federal Supreme Court’s Decision of 27 September 2022". Journal of International Arbitration 40, Issue 6 (1 de diciembre de 2023): 765–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2023033.
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The extent to which courts are allowed to review arbitral awards for public policy violations in annulment or enforcement proceedings is a controversial topic. Recently, the German Federal Supreme Court (BGH) conducted an exhaustive judicial review of an award (referred to as a ‘Révision au fond’), assessing its potential breach of competition law within the framework of Germany’s public policy. This marks the first time in more than five decades that Germany’s highest civil court has taken an unambiguous stance in the ongoing discourse. Even though BGH decisions have no binding effect for lower courts in Germany, it can be expected that other German courts will follow the decision for the purpose of a uniform application of the law. This article analyses whether German courts should take the BGH’s decision as guidance and similarly conduct a Révision au fond of arbitral awards relating to competition law. It is concluded that the BGH’s decision is not in line with the internationally prevalent view that a Révision au fond is to be prohibited. Moreover, the justifications provided by the court for conducting a Révision au fond are found to be only partly convincing. In fact, there are several points in which the BGH’s approach can be countered by arguments in support of a merely limited review. Révision au fond, full review, competition law, antitrust, BGH, public policy, ordre public, cartel senate, finality of awards, Germany
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Tiantian, He. "Commentary on Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility of the Philippines-instituted Arbitration under Annex vii to the unclos: A Discussion on Fact-Finding and Evidence". Chinese Journal of Global Governance 2, n.º 1 (16 de junio de 2016): 96–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23525207-12340017.
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The Arbitral Tribunal in the arbitration instituted by the Philippines against China has issued its Award on Jurisdiction and Admissibility. Juridical practices have something in common. The arbitral proceedings generally comprise two indispensable stages: findings of fact and application of law. The production, collection, and evaluation of evidence serve a particular purpose: they are meant to enable the adjudicative body to find facts. Thus, evidence is meant to prove or disprove facts. This review paper aims to discuss evidence and fact-finding process in the Award. As a general rule, international judges or arbitrators have wide discretion in the evaluation of evidence, but the guiding principle of the rules governing evidence should be the principle of fair trial. The problems of evidence evaluation and fact-finding revealed in the Award would be much serious at the merits stage, thus have negative implications for the Tribunal to deliver its decision impartially.
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Tanaka, Yoshifumi. "Reflections on Historic Rights in the South China Sea Arbitration (Merits)". International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 32, n.º 3 (18 de septiembre de 2017): 458–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12322037.
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Abstract The Annex vii Arbitral Tribunal, in its arbitral award of 12 July 2016, ruled that China’s claims to historic rights with respect to the maritime areas of the South China Sea encompassed by the “nine-dash line” are contrary to the un Convention on the Law of the Sea. To support this conclusion, the Tribunal undertook detailed review with regard to the concept of historic rights and the relationship between China’s claimed historic rights and the Convention. The temporal or historical element can be regarded as a key element to establish historic rights. However, the Tribunal took an approach that minimises the role of the temporary element when examining the legality of China’s claimed historic rights. The Tribunal’s view provides an important insight into the concept of historic rights in the international law of the sea.
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Zekos, Georgios I. "Antitrust/Competition Arbitration in EU versus U.S. Law". Journal of International Arbitration 25, Issue 1 (1 de febrero de 2008): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2008001.
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The European Union and the United States have generally converged toward consumer welfare-based antitrustenforcement. In the United States, arbitration has been used extensively to resolve antitrust claims. In the European Union, only national courts, and not ad hoc arbitral tribunals, can refer questions to the European Court of Justice to obtain an interpretation or assessment of the validity of EU law provisions. Where national arbitration laws do not have manifest disregard of law as a reason for reviewing an award, courts cannot review the merits of awards for violation of EU competition law. The need for the recognition of an independent and alternative system to litigation, such as arbitration, is important both for the direct implementation of Article 81 of the EC Treaty in accordance with the scope of the Commission White Paper and to share the load of cases concerning competition disputes.
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Landolt, Phillip. "Tribunal Fédéral – Arrêt du Tribunal fédéral du 8 mars 2006 dans la cause 4P.278/2005: commentaire". ASA Bulletin 24, Issue 3 (1 de septiembre de 2006): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2006066.
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<p>Much ado was made about the decision of the Swiss Federal Supreme Court declaring that competition law is not part of public policy pursuant to Art. 190 (2)(e) PIL Act. Too much probably. On the one hand, the present case did not offend EU competition law, which had been fully argued in the arbitration. The arbitral tribunal examined the arguments and found no violation of EU competition law. The losing party seems merely to have sought a review of the merits by the Supreme Court, which the latter is obviously not entitled to perform: Appeals on the merits, even if disguised as challenges of alleged public policy violations, are not available in any modern arbitration legislation. It would have been for the challenging party to show that competition law was violated and is part and parcel of the deliberately restrictive public policy grounds of Art. 190 PIL Act. The Supreme Court expressed incomprehension that, in its lengthy application, the challenging party did not spend more than five pages on this decisive issue (par. 1.2.3). It should also be noted that even in the EU, where a violation of EU competition law is, perhaps understandably, considered to be tantamount to a public policy violation, the argument of a purported violation cannot be raised without limitations. It must be raised <it>before the Arbitral Tribunal</it>. Failing timely argument, it is not for the state courts to interfere at the stage of a challenge of the award.</p> <p>In the well known precedent <it>Thalès v. Euromissile</it> (J.D.I.-Clunet 2/2005, p. 358), the Paris Court of Appeal refused to review an arbitral award that had purportedly failed to recognize that the contract underlying the arbitration was contrary to EU competition law and therefore void. In a similar case, the Paris Court upheld an arbitral award reminding the parties that ?La Cour, qui n’est pas le juge du procès mais de la sentence, n’exerce cette fois sur celle-ci qu’un contrôle intrinsèque puisque seule sa reconnaissance ou son exécution est examinée au regard de la comptabilité avec l’ordre public international.? The Court found that the Arbitral Tribunal had declared the contract between the parties to the arbitration void in light of EU competition law, that the issue had been fully pleaded in the arbitration, and that the challenge of the award was an inadmissible appeal on the merits (C. Paris, 1ère Ch., 23 March 2006, <it>SNCF v. Cytec Industries</it>, reported in Gazette du Palais / Cahiers de l?arbitrage No. 2006/1, p. 48).</p> <p>In light of these restrictions, the outcries of some self-declared champions of EU competition law against the decision of the Federal Supreme Court are somewhat surprising considering that the Court merely refrained from setting aside an award where the arbitral tribunal had fully examined the issue.</p>
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Lu, Xiangkui y Jun Wu. "Semi-supervised Review-Aware Rating Regression (Student Abstract)". Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, n.º 13 (26 de junio de 2023): 16272–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.26996.
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Semi-supervised learning is a promising solution to mitigate data sparsity in review-aware rating regression (RaRR), but it bears the risk of learning with noisy pseudo-labelled data. In this paper, we propose a paradigm called co-training-teaching (CoT2), which integrates the merits of both co-training and co-teaching towards the robust semi-supervised RaRR. Concretely, CoT2 employs two predictors and each of them alternately plays the roles of "labeler" and "validator" to generate and validate pseudo-labelled instances. Extensive experiments show that CoT2 considerably outperforms state-of-the-art RaRR techniques, especially when training data is severely insufficient.
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Besson, Sébastien. "Arbitration and Human Rights". ASA Bulletin 24, Issue 3 (1 de septiembre de 2006): 395–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2006051.
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The impact of Human Rights, more particularly the European Convention on Human Rights, on arbitral proceedings is increasingly important. Thus, Article 6 (1) of the European Convention on Human Rights is applicable in the context of compulsory arbitration (arbitration imposed on the parties by law) and in court proceedings related to arbitration, notably setting aside proceedings. A more difficult question is whether this provision applies in the proceedings before the arbitrators themselves. This article concludes that it does. A distinct ? and also controversial ? issue is whether the States that have adhered to the Convention should enact specific rules in order to ensure that the arbitration process will respect the guarantees of Article 6 (1). In particular, should States provide for judicial review of the award in order to effectively ensure Convention rights? This question has a direct impact on the possibility to waive in advance any application to set aside the arbitral award (Art. 192 PIL Act). The author concludes that a clearcut answer is not possible and that the test is whether the exclusion of any application to set aside the award is ?arbitrary or unreasonable?. The author also addresses the question of the grounds (reasons) for the award (§ 21) and the alleged disqualification of an arbitral tribunal based on article 6 (1) of the European Convention on the ground that the arbitrators examined issues disputed on the merits in the context of a request for interim measures and would hence be biased (§ 29). In the conclusion, the article stresses that the scope of Article 6 (1) may be very broad and that this provision can no longer be ignored by arbitration practitioners.
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Van Eetveldt, Henri-Willem. "Standing on Unsteady Ground: AREVA NP Incorporated in France v Eskom SOC LTD". Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (23 de abril de 2019): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a3285.
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Areva NP Incorporated in France v Eskom Holdings SOC Ltd 2017 6 BCLR 675 (CC) was a dispute over a multi-billion-rand tender. Although the majority of the Constitutional Court recognised the public importance of the case, it adjudicated the dispute entirely on a preliminary point. It found that the applicant did not have legal standing to seek the judicial review of the award of the tender.
This case note has three aims. First, I will argue that the Constitutional Court's majority judgment in Areva was generally unpersuasive. Second, I will attempt to show that Areva exposes an unresolved legal question: when should a court consider the merits of a case made by a litigant with questionable standing? Third, I will propose a method for resolving this question by way of substantive judicial reasoning in any given case.
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Dunmore, Michael. "What to Expect from the Review of Arbitral Awards by Courts at the Seat". ASA Bulletin 33, Issue 2 (1 de junio de 2015): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2015023.
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A key role of the courts at the seat of arbitration is to exercise their supervisory jurisdiction over an arbitration. In this capacity courts engage in the limited review of awards made by tribunals. This review of awards can be broken down to two types. First are awards on jurisdiction and second are awards determining the merits of a dispute. While these types of review are quite similar, there are some differences between these types of review. Furthermore there are differences between the review from one jurisdiction to another, however generally there is considerable uniformity in many respects. This article will provide an overview of the scope of review engaged in by courts in a number of jurisdictions by examining case law and the legislative framework in a number of jurisdictions.
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G. Thippanna, PVSN Jyothi y P Krishnaiah. "An extensive review of the benefits and drawbacks of AI tools". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 20, n.º 3 (30 de diciembre de 2023): 1668–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.20.3.2636.
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Today every person is directly or indirectly communicating with AI tools. Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have revolutionized various aspects of our daily lives and industries, offering unprecedented capabilities in automation, data analysis, and decision-making. In fact users/people are getting addicted to AI tools and losing their ability to use their brains properly. AI tools are very convenient while using them, but once we/the public give up communication, it can seem passive. This entitle articles expose the concepts of the merits and demerits while using AI tools frequently. The aim of the authors is the aware of the public if they are frequently utilizing the AI tools.
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Shrestha, Jiban. "Predatory journals as threats to the academic publishing: a review". Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources 4, n.º 2 (1 de enero de 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/janr.v4i2.33640.
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Academic publishing has been increasing greatly with the spread of open access journals and the shift to online publishing. However, authors must be aware of predatory journals and publishers while submitting their academic works for publication. Publishing in predatory journals is just a waste of efforts, money, and time as it does not add any scientific merits to the authors. The practice of predatory publishing can also damage the reputation of institutions and funding agencies. Therefore, there is an urgent need for awareness among researchers regarding predatory publishing. Local, national and international regulatory bodies should take stern actions against predatory publications while granting research funds and evaluating the researchers’ performance for job promotion and academic degrees.
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Duarte-Silva, Tiago y Aaron Dolgoff. "Prejudgment Interest: An Economic Review of Alternative Approaches". Journal of International Arbitration 33, Issue 1 (1 de febrero de 2016): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2016004.
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There is no consensus in the economic literature as to the appropriate measure of prejudgment interest to apply to damages. In this article, we review various proposed alternative methods for determining prejudgment interest rates: the claimant’s ex post or hindsight cost of capital; the claimant’s ex ante or opportunity cost of capital; the respondent’s borrowing rate; and the risk-free interest rate. Upon examining each method’s economic rationale and merits we conclude that where the objective is full compensation to the claimant the risk-free interest rate is the appropriate measure of prejudgment interest. Our examination of awards in international arbitration shows a prevalence of rates that are not associated with the claimant or the respondent, but rather are consistent with a risk-free rate approach or estimates of what arbitrators deem to be reasonable commercial rates.
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Gokhale, Sankalp y Ciro Ramos-Estebanez. "An Interesting Case of Barbiturate Automatism and Review of Literature". Case Reports in Neurological Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/713065.
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A 48 year old man with a diagnosis of HIV infection since 1993, on highly active anti-retro viral therapy (HAART) with stable CD4 count and undetectable viral load for years and seizure disorder presented with recurrent drowsiness. His seizures were well controlled on phenobarbitone for years. Repeated laboratory evaluation demonstrated toxic levels of phenobarbitone in his blood. A thorough clinical, psychiatric, laboratory and imaging evaluation did not reveal any obvious etiology for the recurrent barbiturate intoxication in this man. Our findings suggest the possible diagnosis of barbiturate drug automatism in this patient. Though drug automatism is a controversial entity, it merits continued attention. There are recent reports of similar phenomenon with newer sedative agents such as Zolpidem. It is important to be aware of this phenomenon as a possible explanation for recurrent intoxication with barbiturates without a clear etiology for drug overdose.
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Torp, Kristian y Jakob B. Sørensen. "The Second Look in European Union Competition Law: A Scandinavian Perspective". Journal of International Arbitration 34, Issue 1 (1 de febrero de 2017): 35–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2017003.
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Under European Union (EU) law, arbitrators and national courts are obligated to apply, ex officio, EU competition law. Also according to EU law, any failure by an arbitral tribunal to apply such rules, or any erroneous interpretation or application hereof, constitute grounds for setting aside the subsequent award, if and when such measure is dictated by the Member State’s procedural rules. This article examines the relevant procedural rules in Denmark and Sweden based on two recent decisions by the national Supreme Courts. It concludes that under Scandinavian procedural law, courts will generally limit their inquiry to a superficial review of the premises of the award and will only reluctantly set aside an otherwise valid award based only on matters of merit. The main purpose of this article is to provide an up-to-date analysis of the position of the Scandinavian courts, thus helping to ‘map’ the European arbitration landscape. Even so, we have attempted to include and contribute to a few of the main discussions concerning the landscape in which the decisions were rendered in the introductory section. In the last section, we build on the reasoning of the two Supreme Courts in order to propose a framework for understanding the interplay between national and EU law, at least in the Scandinavian countries.
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Madhusudanan, J., S. Geetha, V. Prasanna Venkatesan, U. Vignesh y P. Iyappan. "Hybrid Aspect of Context-Aware Middleware for Pervasive Smart Environment: A Review". Mobile Information Systems 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6546501.
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Pervasive computing has made almost every device we see today to be communicated and function in collaboration with one another. Since the portable devices have become a part of our everyday life, people are more involved in a pervasive computing environment. They engage with many computational devices simultaneously without knowing the availability of their existence. The current world is being filled with more and more smart environments. These smart environments make them to be attracted towards the new technological emergence in the field of pervasive computing. Various researches are being carried out to improve the smart environment and their applications. Middleware plays a vital role in building the pervasive applications. The pervasive devices act based on the context of the situation, that is, they do their actions according to the environment of the application. They react to the situations smartly as they can take their own decisions based on the context developed for that specific application. Most of the pervasive applications were using its own middleware that is specific towards their need. As today, most of the applications are using their own middleware with their specific requirement, which leads us to unearth out their common features and their scope of using it. In this paper, a survey on the various hybrid aspects of the different context-aware middleware has been done. This middleware is classified based on service, context, and device aspects. Merits and demerits are identified from the existing smart environments, and future perspective of their development such as generic context-aware middleware need has been discussed.
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Connolly, C. K. "NHS review. Merit awards." BMJ 298, n.º 6677 (1 de abril de 1989): 890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.298.6677.890-c.
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LaSota, Robin R., Joshua R. Polanin, Laura W. Perna, Megan J. Austin, Rebecca R. Steingut y Melissa A. Rodgers. "The Effects of Losing Postsecondary Student Grant Aid: Results From a Systematic Review". Educational Researcher 51, n.º 2 (3 de noviembre de 2021): 160–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x211056868.
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With the goal of informing federal and state policy makers in a time of budget constraints, we used a systematic review methodology to identify and summarize findings from studies that examined the effects of losing grant aid due to policy changes and students’ failure to meet renewal requirements. Studies reviewed in this policy brief show negative effects on student outcomes when grant aid is reduced or eliminated. While results vary, this general conclusion applies when grant aid is reduced or eliminated from programs that differ in scope (federal and state), eligibility requirements (merit and need), and award amounts. This brief illuminates the importance of maintaining grant aid funding for college student enrollment, persistence, achievement, and completion. Especially in context of other pandemic-related stressors, reducing need-based grant aid will likely exacerbate declines in college enrollment, progression through college, and degree completion for vulnerable students.
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Первушин, Михаил Викторович. "Review of: Shrines of Venice. An Orthodox historical and art guide to the basilica of St. Mark and other churches of Venice. Мoscow: Poznanie, 2019. 397 p. ISBN 978-5-906960-80-1". Theological Herald, n.º 1(36) (15 de marzo de 2020): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31802/2500-1450-2020-36-1-329-334.
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Книга протоиерея Алексея Олеговича Ястребова «Святыни Венеции» уже хорошо известна читателю. Первое её издание увидело свет ещё в 2010 г. в итальянской Падуе, и уже в 2011 г. путеводитель получил премию памяти митрополита Московского и Коломенского Макария, чем подчеркивались не только просветительские, но и научные заслуги автора. Второе издание вышло также за границей в 2013 г., но потребности российского читателя всё ещё оставались неудовлетворенными. Это и понятно — книга по-прежнему была доступна только в Италии. Тем более отрадно, что в 2019 г. ИД «Познание» предпринял третье, на этот раз российское издание книги. Осенью «Святыни Венеции» увидели свет, а 10 декабря 2019 г. в конференц-зале Общецерковной аспирантуры и докторантуры им. свв. Кирилла и Мефодия состоялась официальная презентация тома. The book "The Sanctuaries of Venice" by Archpriest Alexei Olegovich Yastrebov is already well known to readers. Its first edition was published back in 2010 in Padua, Italy, and already in 2011 the guide received the award in memory of Metropolitan Macarius of Moscow and Kolomna, which highlighted not only the educational, but also the scientific merits of the author. The second edition was also published abroad in 2013, but the needs of the Russian reader were still unsatisfied. This is understandable - the book was still only available in Italy. It is all the more encouraging that in 2019 Poznaniye Publishing House has undertaken a third, this time Russian edition of the book. The Shrines of Venice saw the light of day in the autumn, and on 10 December 2019 the official presentation of the volume took place in the conference hall of the St Cyril and Methodius All-Church Postgraduate and Doctoral School.
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Bianco, Giuseppe. "The Bitter End of Sovereign Debt Restructurings: The Abaclat v. Argentina Arbitration and the Eurozone Crisis". Legal Issues of Economic Integration 40, Issue 4 (1 de noviembre de 2013): 315–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/leie2013017.
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Among the measures adopted to tackle the financial crisis in Europe, part of the sovereign debt of the Greek government was restructured in early 2012.The current Greek predicament bears a significant resemblance with Argentina's situation after the 2001 economic crisis. Its sovereign debt restructuring has been challenged before an investment arbitral tribunal by a group of Italian bondholders, who have thus far succeeded at the jurisdictional phase. The Abaclat and others v. Argentina case is the first International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) arbitration which deals with a sovereign debt workout. Albeit the award on the merits is still pending, the importance of the dispute cannot be overestimated. It signals a new forum bondholders could use, when they do not participate in an exchange, to still seek to obtain their interest and capital from the debtor State. This article aims at assessing the possibility of analogous developments for Greece, and potentially other Eurozone countries which might need to restructure their debt in the near future. To do so, it compares the historical unravelling of the crises in Argentina and in the Eurozone. It then offers a careful analysis of the recent arbitral decision in the Abaclat case. Finally, it evaluates the potential risks for the Eurozone and reviews several options for action at the European level.
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Laitsch, Dan, Michelle Pidgeon, Nathalie Sinclair y Lynn Fels. "Swimming with teddy bears and sharks: Changes to a tenure, promotion, and merit award system within resistant institutional structures and interests." International Journal for Leadership in Learning 22, n.º 2 (9 de diciembre de 2022): 68–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/ijll21.
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In 2017 the Faculty of Education (FoE) at Simon Fraser University engaged in a research-based review of its Faculty Tenure and Promotion (FTP) guidelines in an effort to better understand the scope of scholarship, teaching, and service within the faculty; to provide recommendations for how the quality of scholarship, teaching, and service might best be evaluated; and to better define the evidence that faculty members might provide the Faculty Tenure and Promotion Committee (FTPC) for assessing each of these components of academic work. This paper offers an account of the changes made—which were specific to our faculty but involved elements common in other faculties and at other universities—and the various personal and institutional constraints at play throughout the process. We highlight three different scales at which we worked that relate to issues of equity and inclusion, personal autonomy and self-motivation, and the fantasy of the objectivity of numbers. Since we have come to see the institution as the resistant milieu and therefore our work as challenging institutional structures and norms, we frame our process in terms of multiple acts of refusal. We show how these acts relate to an integrated model of policy analysis and explore our continuing efforts to implement these changes to advance principles of equity, inclusion, and diversity in our faculty and in our work. While the story is told by the four authors of this paper, we are representing the important work done by a broader team of seven who engaged in this work.[1]
[1] While the four authors of this paper took responsibility for telling this story as we feel we lived it, the credit for the work accomplished over the course of this journey goes to all members of the committee, who have also had a chance to review and contribute to this article (listed alphabetically): Pooja Dharamshi, Lynn Fels, Huamei Han, Dan Laitsch, Michael Ling, Michelle Pidgeon, and Nathalie Sinclair.
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Sulaiman, Kamal-deen Olawale. "Chieftaincy Institutions among Yoruba Muslims in Nigeria: Between The Present And Past". IIUC Studies 8 (10 de septiembre de 2014): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v8i0.20411.
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This paper intends to analyse the contemporary issues and challenges of chieftaincy Institutions among Yoruba Muslims in Nigeria. It delves in to the origins of Islamic chieftaincy institutions, the roles and functions of Islamic Chieftaincy title holders. The methodology employed was based on information and analysis of the data from written sources. The paper reveals that, the need to encourage believers in the propagation of Islam is a major reason for the multiplicity of chieftaincy titles. The paper recommended that for Islamic chieftaincy titles to be meaningful, preference should be given to Muslims who have the fear of Allah. While it concluded that in the early history merit and not mediocrity was the major consideration in the award of chieftaincy titles. The current trend therefore requires urgent review. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/iiucs.v8i0.20411 IIUC Studies Vol.8 December 2011: 161-174
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Platt, Rowan. "The Appeal of Appeal Mechanisms in International Arbitration: Fairness over Finality?" Journal of International Arbitration 30, Issue 5 (1 de octubre de 2013): 531–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2013034.
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One of the main reasons why parties choose arbitration is the principle of finality, that international arbitral awards cannot be appealed on the merits. While the vast majority of national arbitration legislation and the rules of major arbitral institutions provide for the finality of arbitral awards, there are some exceptions to the rule. This article seeks to review the various appeal mechanisms that exist in international arbitration and to assess, both theoretically and practically, their impact on the principle of finality. It begins by examining the right of appeal to the courts on a question of law under section 69 of the English Arbitration Act 1996. It then explores the emerging trend amongst some international arbitration service providers to amend their rules to provide internal appeal mechanisms in their arbitral procedure, reflecting the perceived need by some users for an alternative to the strict finality provided for in the rules of major institutions. Outside the realm of international commercial arbitration, the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) annulment regime and the Appeals Division of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) both provide internal review structures but with contrasting approaches to the finality of awards. It appears that the attraction of any appeal mechanism lies in the way it balances the competing notions of fairness and finality. Ultimately, the author argues that, consistent with party autonomy, appeal mechanisms should not be considered controversial as long as the parties agree on the procedure of any such appeal. Where parties agree to prioritize correctness or fairness over finality, this does not necessarily detract from the principle of finality, but rather conforms with the spirit of arbitration.
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Rewari, Sulabh. "From Bhatia to Kaiser: Testing the Indian Judiciarys Self-Restraint". Asian International Arbitration Journal 9, Issue 2 (1 de noviembre de 2013): 97–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aiaj2013008.
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The Supreme Court of India pronounced its much-awaited decision in Bharat Aluminium Co v Kaiser Aluminium Technical Services ('Kaiser') on 6 September 2012. The Supreme Court held that Parts I and II of the [Indian] Arbitration & Conciliation Act, 1996 were mutually exclusive and as a consequence, the provisions of Part I could not apply to foreign awards and would only apply to arbitrations taking place in India. By this pronouncement, the Supreme Court has remedied the extant policy of excessive court intervention in arbitration, in particular, exercising jurisdiction to review foreign awards on merits. This paper examines the Indian judiciary's approach to challenges to arbitral awards, in particular, foreign arbitral awards. It seeks to assess reasons for court interference and concludes that the reasons underlying (excessive) court intervention in India cannot extend to international arbitrations. There is no justification for Indian courts to intervene beyond global norms of limited intervention in international arbitration, and such intervention is also contrary to India's obligations under the New York Convention. While this position has been rectified by the decision in Kaiser, it defies logic for this jurisdictional correction to operate only prospectively - to arbitration agreements entered into after the date of pronouncement of the Kaiser decision. In relation to domestic arbitration, Indian courts can be expected to reduce intervention only if they have faith in the quality of domestic arbitration as an alternate dispute resolution mechanism. To this end, India will need to strengthen its 'arbitral infrastructure' by establishing credible institutions to administer arbitrations and encouraging specialist counsel and trained arbitrators.
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Hoffman, Robert W., Eric L. Greidinger, Yun Zang, Kimberly Jaimes, Laisel Martinez y Irina Fernandez. "CD4+ T cells mediate autoimmune disease in a new transgenic murine model induced by U1 RNA and U1-70kD ribonucleoprotein self antigens (130.4)". Journal of Immunology 178, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de abril de 2007): S228. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.130.4.
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Abstract C57BL/6 mice transgenic (Tg) for the human major histocompatibility complex gene HLA-DR4 were immunized with U1 RNA and a fusion protein spanning the RNA binding domain of the U1-70kD polypeptide, control fusion protein, with or without U1-RNA, or saline. Complete serologic and histologic analyses were performed on all mice. CD4+ T cells and APCs were isolated from immunized mice using immunoaffinity columns and tested for proliferation. Either freshly isolated CD4+ T cells from immunized mice or T cell lines were adoptively transferred to unmanipulated HLA-DR4 Tg or RAG−/− mice. Freshly isolated CD4+ T cell from immunized DR4 Tg mice proliferated in response to U1-70kD and to synthetic peptides from the RNA binding domain region of the protein in the presence of irradiated autologous APCs. We found that CD4+ T cells specific for U1-70kD were able to transfer disease to unmanipulated syngeneic mice. Furthermore, using purified CD4+ T cells or T cell lines specific for U1-70kD we were able to transfer disease to RAG−/− mice in the absence of detectable B cells or autoantibodies. In conclusion, we have developed a new model of systemic autoimmunity that is induced following a single exposure to U1-RNA and its associated RNA binding protein. Anti-U1-70kD autoantigen-specfic CD4+ T cells appear to medicate pathogenesis of disease in this model and can do so in the absence of detectable B cells or autoantibodies. This work was supported by NIH award AR43308 (RWH), the Lupus Foundation of American (RWH) and Department of Veterans Affairs Merit Review awards (RWH & ELG).
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Benson, PJ. "Eyes wide open: reader and author responsibility in understanding the limits of peer review". Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England 97, n.º 7 (1 de octubre de 2015): 487–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1308/rcsann.2015.0032.
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‘Medical science can only flourish in a free society and dies under totalitarian repression.’ 1 Peer review post-publication is relatively easy to define: when the world decides the importance of publication. Peer review pre-publication is what the scientific community frequently means when using the term ‘peer review’. But what it is it? Few will agree on an exact definition; generally speaking, it refers to an independent, third party scrutiny of a manuscript by scientific experts (called peers) who advise on its suitability for publication. Peer review is expensive; although reviewers are unpaid, the cost in time is enormous and it is slow. There is often little agreement among reviewers about whether an article should be published and peer review can be a lottery. Often referred to as a quality assurance process, there are many examples of when peer review failed. Many will be aware of Woo-Suk Hwang’s shocking stem cell research misconduct at Seoul National University. 2 Science famously published two breakthrough articles that were found subsequently to be completely fabricated and this happened in spite of peer review. Science is not unique in making this error. However, love it or hate it, peer review, for the present time at least, is here to stay. In this article, Philippa Benson, Managing Editor of Science Advances (the first open access journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science), discusses the merits of peer review. Dr Benson has extensive experience in the publishing world and was Executive Director of PJB Consulting, a not-for-profit organisation supporting clients on issues related to converting to full electronic publishing workflows as well as challenges working with international authors and publishers. Her clients included the Public Library of Science journals, the American Society for Nutrition and the de Beaumont Foundation. She recently co-authored a book, What Editors Want: An Author’s Guide to Scientific Journal Publishing (University of Chicago Press), which helps readers understand and navigate the publishing process in high impact science and technical journals. Her master’s and doctorate degrees are from Carnegie Mellon University. JYOTI SHAH Commissioning Editor References 1. Eaton KK . Editorial: when is a peer review journal not a peer review journal? J Nutr Environ Med 1997 ; 7 : 139 – 144 . 2. van der Heyden MA , van de Ven T , Opthof T . Fraud and misconduct in science: the stem cell seduction . Neth Heart J 2009 ; 17 : 25 – 29 .
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Smalheiser, Neil R. "Rediscovering Don Swanson:The Past, Present and Future of Literature-based Discovery". Journal of Data and Information Science 2, n.º 4 (29 de diciembre de 2017): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jdis-2017-0019.
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Abstract Purpose The late Don R. Swanson was well appreciated during his lifetime as Dean of the Graduate Library School at University of Chicago, as winner of the American Society for Information Science Award of Merit for 2000, and as author of many seminal articles. In this informal essay, I will give my personal perspective on Don’s contributions to science, and outline some current and future directions in literature-based discovery that are rooted in concepts that he developed. Design/methodology/approach Personal recollections and literature review. Findings The Swanson A-B-C model of literature-based discovery has been successfully used by laboratory investigators analyzing their findings and hypotheses. It continues to be a fertile area of research in a wide range of application areas including text mining, drug repurposing, studies of scientific innovation, knowledge discovery in databases, and bioinformatics. Recently, additional modes of discovery that do not follow the A-B-C model have also been proposed and explored (e.g. so-called storytelling, gaps, analogies, link prediction, negative consensus, outliers, and revival of neglected or discarded research questions). Research limitations This paper reflects the opinions of the author and is not a comprehensive nor technically based review of literature-based discovery. Practical implications The general scientific public is still not aware of the availability of tools for literature-based discovery. Our Arrowsmith project site maintains a suite of discovery tools that are free and open to the public (http://arrowsmith.psych.uic.edu), as does BITOLA which is maintained by Dmitar Hristovski (http://http://ibmi.mf.uni-lj.si/bitola), and Epiphanet which is maintained by Trevor Cohen (http://epiphanet.uth.tmc.edu/). Bringing user-friendly tools to the public should be a high priority, since even more than advancing basic research in informatics, it is vital that we ensure that scientists actually use discovery tools and that these are actually able to help them make experimental discoveries in the lab and in the clinic. Originality/value This paper discusses problems and issues which were inherent in Don’s thoughts during his life, including those which have not yet been fully taken up and studied systematically.
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Macy, Anne, Anngela Adams y Karen Taraszka Hastings. "Role of GILT and MHC class II in melanoma cells on regulating the anti-tumor immune response". Journal of Immunology 208, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2022): 102.03. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.102.03.
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Abstract The MHC class I antigen presentation pathway in melanoma cells has a well-established role in immune-mediated destruction of melanoma. However, the role of the MHC class II pathway in melanoma cells is not fully understood. Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT) is critical for MHC class II-restricted presentation of multiple melanoma antigens by antigen presenting cells. While GILT and MHC class II expression is typically limited to antigen presenting cells, GILT and MHC class II can be expressed constitutively or induced by IFN-γ in melanoma cells. In human melanoma specimens, high GILT expression and an active and intact MHC class II pathway are associated with improved survival. The goal of this project is to investigate a causal role for GILT and MHC class II in melanoma cells, using Yale University Mouse Melanoma (YUMM) lines YUMM2.1, YUMMER1.7, and YUMMERG. These cell lines constitutively expressed GILT, and MHC class II expression was IFN-γ-inducible in a subset of cells under serum-free conditions. We have genetically engineered GILT−/− YUMM2.1 cells and MHC class II (H2Ab1)−/− YUMM2.1 cells via CRISPR/Cas9 and verified the deletion. We have generated lentiviral constructs expressing GILT alone, CIITA alone, and dual expression of H2Ab1 and CIITA, to allow for the generation of melanoma cell lines with and without GILT and MHC class II. Transduction of GILT−/− YUMM2.1 cells with GILT resulted in high transduction efficiency and overexpression. Thus, we have developed models to determine the effect of GILT and MHC class II expression in melanoma cells on regulating in vivo tumor growth and the anti-tumor immune response. This work was supported by a Basic Science Award from the Harry J. Lloyd Charitable Trust and a Merit Review Award I01-BX005336 from the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service (K.T.H.). The contents do not represent the views of the VA or the US Government.
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Mountz, John D., Changming Lu, Stephen Barnes, Landon Wilson, Min Gao, Winn W. Chatham y Hui-Chen Hsu. "IL-4 acts through aryl hydrocarbon receptor to antagonize TLR7 induced double negative 2 B cells in lupus". Journal of Immunology 210, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2023): 165.01. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.165.01.
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Abstract We recently showed that in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), IL-4R signaling is a powerful antagonist that can effectively suppress the development of activated naïve (aNAV) and CD11c +T-bet +IgD −CD27 −double negative 2 (DN2) B cells promoted by both type I and type II IFNs. In the present study, we used the BXD2 mouse model of lupus to determine the mechanism of IL-4 in suppressing the development of DN2 B cells in vivo. Administration of IL-4 significantly inhibited the development of anti-Smith, anti-DNA, and anti-histone autoantibodies induced by TLR7 agonist R848 in BXD2 mice. This was associated with a decreased percentages of CD11c +T-bet +IgD −B cells. Feature-barcoding single cell RNA-sequencing analysis showed that IL-4 modulated B cell development at the transitional stage 2 (T2) and skewed naïve B cells to develop into the CD23 +CD21 −follicular B cells. IL-4 induced the gene encoding interleukin-4-induced1 (IL4i1), an enzyme that metabolizes aromatic amino acids and this was associated with the upregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and downstream genes. Metabolomics analysis revealed IL-4 induced AhR agonistic metabolites in B cells including kynurenine (Kyn), indole-3-acetic acid, and indole-3-lactic acid. In the absence of IL-4, Kyn and a potent AhR agonist, formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), significantly suppressed TLR7 plus IFNβ-induced DN2 B-cell development in vitro. Our results suggest that IL-4 acts through the IL4i1-AhR pathway to inhibit B-cell regulatory response to TLR7 and type I IFN. Identification of small molecular metabolites that act directly in B cells to induce homeostasis may lead to development of orally dosed metabolome modulating therapeutics efficacious in the treatment of SLE. This study was supported by grants from VA Merit Review grant (I01BX004049), NIH grants R01 AI134023, and Lupus Research Alliance Distinguished Innovator Award to J.D.M, the LRA Target Identification in Lupus Award to H-C.H., and the P30-AR-048311.
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Ambrose, Elise C. y Jacki Kornbluth. "Role of uridine kinase-like 1 (UCKL-1) in NK-mediated tumor cytotoxicity (40.9)". Journal of Immunology 182, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de abril de 2009): 40.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.40.9.
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Abstract NK lytic associated molecule (NKLAM), which is upregulated in NK cells by activation, has been shown to play a critical role in NK-mediated tumor cytotoxicity. We have found that NKLAM interacts with uridine kinase-like 1 protein (UCKL-1) and causes its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. This suggests that NKLAM may play a role in tumor killing by decreasing UCKL-1 expression in target cells. In support of this is the finding that UCKL-1 mRNA is most abundant in tumor cell lines, indicating that it may be important in tumor cell growth and/or survival. In order to determine the function of UCKL-1 in tumor cell killing, K562 target cells were treated with UCKL-1 RNAi or control RNAi. Selective knockdown of UCKL-1 resulted in increased apoptosis and decreased proliferation of K562. In addition, decreased UCKL-1 expression increased the susceptibility of K562 to the apoptosis inducers staurosporine and etoposide. This finding indicates that UCKL-1 plays a role in the proliferation of K562 cells and protects them from apoptosis. By ubiquitinating and degrading UCKL-1 in target cells, NKLAM released from NK cells would therefore enhance tumor killing. This research is supported by a merit review award from the Department of Veterans Affairs.
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Bertrand, Isabelle, Philippe Flatresse, Guillaume Besnard, Jean-Marc Bethoux, Zdenek Chalupa, Christophe Plantier, Martin Rack, Massinissa Nabet, Jean-Pierre Raskin y Frederic Allibert. "(G02 Best Paper Award Winner) Development Of High Resistivity FD-SOI Substrates for mmWave Applications". ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, n.º 29 (7 de julio de 2022): 1273. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01291273mtgabs.
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The mmWave era opens up the door to revolutionary applications in the fields of communication, radar, imager, security, etc. FD-SOI CMOS technology is entering the mmW realm providing undeniable benefits in terms of data-rates, bandwidth, latency and power consumption improvements. The high resistivity substrate option is seen as a major booster to reach ultimate mmW performances. The engineering challenges related to this new wafer generation are addressed in this paper. In the different options for highly resistive silicon, low and high interstitial oxygen (Oi) materials are the most common ones, typically used to reach resistivity performance on SOI handles. Those materials are less compatible with FD-SOI technology, as they can be very sensitive to slip-line issues or wafer deformation, in specific SOI processing and customer’s line, possibly leading to overlay error. In addition, we can encounter inspectability and co-integration issues due to Crystal Originated Particules (COPs) presence for high Oi substrates. For the targeted technologies with FD-SOI, equal or below 28 nm, the handle properties will be key, as deformation and inspectability considerations are even more critical. One of the main challenges was to develop specific materials and processes to get both good resistivity and stability towards fabrication processes (SOI line and customer processing), and good mechanical behavior towards slip-line and potential deformation leading to error, together with low COPs handle material. In this paper, we will show how substrates were engineered specifically, to reach the appropriate resistivity targets around 1000 Ω.cm, and to be stable in depth with different additional anneals, in order to control compatibility with customer processes. In addition, we managed to achieve good performances in terms of mechanical behavior, such as slip-line generation during fabrication processes. We also had no overlay issues usually linked with slip-lines or excessive Bulk Micro Defects (BMD) presence in depth, generating dislocations and plastic deformation. We will review the material and process steps requirements to reach the best performances. The initial material requirements will be the oxygen content, together with the resistivity. The process requirements will be the final oxygen precipitation status, affected by specific thermal treatments and presence of sites for BMD nucleation and growth. A specific precipitation range will lead to good robustness towards both slip-lines sensitivity and overlay risks, by creating enough BMDs but not in excess. Besides, this specific precipitation state also helps to decrease the amount of residual interstitial oxygen left inside the High Resistivity substrate, and then decreases the oxygen thermal donor generation during back-end treatments in the 375-425°C range, improving resistivity stability. We will present all the characterizations performed on final SOI wafers, and after additional treatments, to highlight both handle substrate resistivity stability and mechanical robustness. Specific measurements were carried out to ensure that going from standard to high resistivity substrates did not adversely impact the behavior of logic devices. Test structures were implemented with 28 nm design rules on FD-SOI substrates with either 10 Ω.cm or 5 kΩ.cm handle resistivity. Compared figures of merit included transistors’ VTH and minimum gate length devices Ion/Ioff tradeoff as well as several devices built in the bulk of the wafer such as bipolar devices, diodes and capacitors. Obtained results will be shown to be within the natural process dispersion. Those substrates being destined to RF and mmWave applications, their performance was measured in terms of linearity and attenuation using coplanar waveguides built directly on top of the 20 nm buried oxide. Second harmonics measurements up to 28 GHz of fundamental frequency will be shown. The small signal measurements results will be compared to simulations including a thicker dielectric mimicking the very thick back-end of line available in advanced nodes. In conclusion, we will summarize how specific material for eSoC.1-HR handle was developed, showing performances in agreement with expectations on resistivity stability and mechanical robustness. Those substrates are leading to improved RF parameters compared to standard FD-SOI substrates, without degrading logic devices parameters.
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Zielinski, Mark, Allison Gibbons, Gabrielle Lakis y Gary Kaplan. "007 NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to dysregulated sleep and electroencephalogram delta power after mild and moderate TBI in mice". Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (1 de mayo de 2021): A3—A4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.006.
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Abstract Introduction Most traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are mild to moderate and can cause persistent dysregulated sleep, although the mechanisms are not well understood. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) is a pro-inflammatory molecule that is activated in the cortex after waking activity and pathogenic challenge and alters non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and electroencephalogram (EEG) delta power. Nucleotide-binding domain leucine rich family pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes sense changes in their local environment to stimulate caspase-1 to activate IL-1β into its mature form. We previously found that NLRP3 inflammasomes are increased in the cortex after acute sleep loss and contribute to increased NREM sleep and EEG delta power after sleep loss and toxin challenge. We aimed to determine if NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to the persistent dysregulated sleep caused by TBI. Methods Using 2-3-month-old mice lacking NLRP3 and C57BL/6J wild-type control mice, we assessed sleep states and sleep state episode durations and frequencies prior to TBI, and 24 h, 2-weeks, and 2 months after mild or moderate TBI using polysomnography. TBI occurred in the frontal cortex from a controlled cortical impact device. Additional mice received identical treatments serving as a TBI procedural control but received a craniectomy without the TBI. Results Similar sleep findings were observed between the craniectomy control group and baseline measures. However, when compared to baseline values, mice lacking NLRP3 had attenuations in the significant increased amounts of NREM sleep and EEG delta power occurring 24 h after TBI and the significant reductions in NREM sleep and EEG delta power seen 2 months after TBI that were observed in wild-type mice. These effects were similar in moderate and mild TBI groups. Mice lacking NLRP3 were not found to exhibit the fragmented sleep after mild or moderate TBI that was found to persist from 24 h to 2 months post-TBI in the wild-type mice. These effects were evident by significant increased frequencies of waking episodes induced by the TBIs. Conclusion Our findings suggest that NLRP3 inflammasomes contribute to dysregulated sleep occurring acutely or more persistently after TBI. Support (if any) Career Development Award IBX002823 (MZ) and Merit Review Award I01RX001144 (GK) from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs
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Sullivan, Kathryn, Yong Wang, Winn W. Chatham, John D. Mountz y Hui-Chen Hsu. "17β-estradiol and B-cell intrinsic type I interferon amplify toll-like receptor 7 signaling loop in B cells of female lupus prone BXD2 mice". Journal of Immunology 210, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2023): 247.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.247.13.
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Abstract While systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionally affects women versus men, elevation in 17β -estradiol (E2) alone is not sufficient to promote the development of autoantibody producing B cells. The objective of the present study is to determine if B-cell intrinsic mechanisms contribute to the increased TLR7 response to E2 stimulation. We identified that there were elevated circulating levels of E2 in young African American (AA) SLE patients (24–41 yr-old), compared to older AA (42–56 yr-old) and European American SLE patients (24–66 yr-old). Circulating E2 levels positively correlated with the levels of anti-Smith (Sm) and the expression of interferon-beta (IFNβ) in naïve B cells of SLE patients (n=39). Mouse studies were used to determine if E2 stimulates the expression of IFNβ in B cells and if sex plays a role to influence B cell responses to E2. Serum levels of Sm/RNP and RNP autoantibodies positively correlated with the levels of E2 in female lupus prone BXD2 mice post-puberty (12-wk-old) but not pre-puberty (4–6-wk-old). At the post-puberty stage (>12 wk-old), there were significantly elevated levels of anti-DNA and anti-Sm in female BXD2 mice, compared to male mice. This was associated with an increased TLR7-induced expression of IFNβ and CD69 in transitional stage 1 (T1: CD23 −IgM +CD93 +) B cells in female BXD2 mice, compared to male mice. Interestingly, E2 stimulation promoted intracellular levels of IFNβ and TLR7 in T1 B cells from female but not male BXD2 mice. Together, our results suggest that elevation of E2 in combination with an increased B-cell susceptibility to E2 induction of IFNβ may play a role in the increased B cell responses to TLR7 stimulation in individuals predisposed to the development of SLE. This study was supported by grants from VA Merit Review grant (I01BX004049), NIH grants R01-AI-071110, R01 AI134023, and Lupus Research Alliance Distinguished Innovator Award to J.D.M, the LRA Target Identification in Lupus Award to H-C.H., and the P30-AR-048311
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Craig, John, Sean Carey, Allison Gibbons, Gary Kaplan y Mark Zielinski. "0049 Sleep and Electroencephalogram Effects from a Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonist in Mice with Traumatic Brain Injury". SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (20 de abril de 2024): A22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0049.
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Abstract Introduction Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) can cause persistent sleep dysregulation regardless of injury severity including hypersomnia, hyposmia, sleepiness, sleep fragmentation, and altered electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra. Most TBIs are mild in severity, occur in the frontal cortex, and sleep dysregulation can change over time. Orexin targets two receptors that stimulate monoamine release in the brain to promote wakefulness. Our goal was to determine if a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) could improve sleep dysregulation in mice with TBI. Methods Two-month-old male and female C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to treatment groups. Mice underwent polysomnography surgery. After recovery, mice were administered vehicle by gavage then underwent baseline sleep recordings for 24 h followed by a multiple sleep latency test (MSLT). Mice received a craniectomy and mild/moderate TBI via controlled cortical impact or only a craniectomy serving as a control. A DORA or vehicle were given by gavage, and sleep and MSLT were recorded 24 h, 2 wks, 1 m, and 2 m post-TBI. Sleep state amounts and episode durations and frequencies, sleep latency, and EEG power spectra (0-40 Hz) were determined with significance set at p< 0.05. Results In mice given the DORA or vehicle, non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep was significantly increased 24 h after TBI compared to controls. Conversely, NREM sleep was significantly reduced 2 m post-TBI in both vehicle and DORA groups. DORA and/or TBI groups had significantly reduced waking episodes 24 h post-injury but increased waking episodes 2 m post-TBI compared to controls indicating sleep fragmentation. Largely, significantly increased sleep latency time in the MSLT was found throughout all times post-injury in the DORA and TBI groups compared to the controls, which suggests increased sleepiness. Relative to controls, TBI significantly increased EEG delta power (0.5-4 Hz) 24 h post-TBI and significantly reduced EEG delta power 2 m post-TBI, although other frequency bands were not affected. Conclusion These data suggest that a DORA induces sleepiness but has minimal effects on impaired sleep amounts, sleep fragmentation, sleepiness, and EEG power spectra 2 m after mild/moderate TBI. Support (if any) Merit Review Award (I01BX005379)(MRZ) and SPiRE Award (I21RX003722)(GBK) Department of Veterans Affairs
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Vardell, Sylvia M., Peggy Oxley, Georgia Heard, Jan Kristo, Gail Wesson Spivey, Janet Wong y and Dan Woolsey. "Children’S Literature Reviews". Language Arts 84, n.º 6 (1 de julio de 2007): 552–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/la20075672.
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The NCTE Committee on Excellence in Poetry Award is charged with “exploring ways to acquaint teachers and children with poetry.” One way of doing that is to highlight the wonderful poetry being published for children each year, calling attention to new titles and new poets that children are sure to enjoy. Thus, our committee decided to highlight some of the best poetry books published during our committee’s three-year tenure, 2003-2006. This column is our selection of the 10 best poetry books published during each of those three years, based on the criteria for excellence for the award itself: literary merit, imagination, authenticity of voice, evidence of a strong persona, universality and timelessness, and appeal to children.
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Langley, Paul. "Medicaid Formulary Decisions and the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review: Abandoning Pseudoscience in Imaginary Pharmaceutical Pricing Claims". INNOVATIONS in pharmacy 12, n.º 1 (16 de febrero de 2021): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24926/iip.v12i1.3702.
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Medicaid formulary committees and other gatekeepers face a difficult task. On the one hand they can utilize technical expertise in evaluating the real world evidence for clinical, quality of life and resource utilization claims for competing products while on the other hand they may be asked to assess claims built by simulation models for pricing and product access. A common option has been to take modeled claims from third parties such as the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) at face value without challenging the model structure, its assumptions and its incremental cost-per-QALY claims set against competing products or the existing standard of care. Unfortunately, from the available evidence, it seems clear that many formulary assessment groups, last but not least those for whom the ICER modeling claims are targeted, have little if any appreciation of the limitations of ICER modeling. There are two substantive issues: (i) a failure to appreciate the limitations imposed by the standards of normal science for credible, empirically evaluable and replicable product claims and (ii) an understanding of limitations imposed by the axioms of fundamental measurement. In the latter case, a failure to recognize that the quality adjusted life year (QALY) is an impossible mathematical construct (hence the I-QALY). To these limitations should be added the potential for constructing competing imaginary claims. Surprisingly, ICER has provided the ideal opportunity to construct competing claims with the launch in late 2020 of the ICER Analytics cloud platform. Formulary committees and other health decision makers should be aware that claims based on the ICER Analytics platform together with competing lifetime modelled claims all fail the standards of normal science. Factoring these into formulary decisions is not only misguided but may have unintended consequences for pricing and access that may disadvantage significantly patients and caregivers. We have spent too much time debating the merits or otherwise of the I-QALY for targeted patient groups with the parties failing to recognize that the focus on simulated cost-per-I-QALY value assessments is a mathematical folly; I-QALY claims are a chimera. The I-QALY, at long last, should be abandoned together with modelled lifetime simulations. Medicaid formulary decision makes should rethink the required evidence base for formulary decisions and negotiations. Care should be taken to revisit previous negotiations where ICER recommendations have been utilized to support pricing and access.
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Bodansky, Daniel y Barbara Kwiatkowska. "Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago. Award on Jurisdiction and Merits". American Journal of International Law 101, n.º 1 (enero de 2007): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002930000029602.
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Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago. Award on Jurisdiction and Merits. At <http://www.pca-cpa.org/ENGLISH/RPC/>, available at 45 ILM 800 (2006).UN Convention on the Law of the Sea Annex VII Arbitral Tribunal, April 11, 2006.The dispute addressed in the Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago arbitration emerged during nine rounds of negotiations concerning delimitation of die maritime boundary in the western, central, and eastern sectors of their overlapping claims to the continental shelf and 200-mile exclusive economic zone (EEZ) in the Caribbean Sea (five rounds), along with associated questions posed by the continuing access for Barbadian fisherfolk to flying fish stocks south of a prospective equidistance line in the western sector (four rounds). In February 2004, according to Barbados, the prime minister of Trinidad and Tobago declared the issue of the maritime boundary “intractable” (para. 56) and invited Barbados to proceed, if it so wished, with arbitration. Barbados then invoked the compulsory arbitration provisions of Part XV, Section 2, of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOS Convention). Upon its establishment, the Annex VII Barbados/Trinidad and Tobago Arbitral Tribunal [Tribunal], which comprised President Stephen M. Schwebel and arbitrators Ian Brownlie, Vaughan A. Lowe, Francisco Orrego Vicuña, and Sir Arthur Watts, adopted its Rules of Procedure and issued four orders by year's end. After joining Trinidad and Tobago's preliminary objections to the merits phase, the Tribunal held hearings in London on October 17-28,2005. The vital interests of the two states in valuable oil and fishery resources were reflected in the high intensity of the factual and legal (both procedural and substantive) contentions forcefully disputed by the parties as represented by leading international counsel, and a number of procedurally incidental issues arose in the context of the proceedings’ confidentiality and the treatment of evidence.
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Carey, Sean, Allison Gibbons, Rao Prabhala, Gary Kaplan y Mark Zielinski. "0155 Persistent Activation of TXNIP and NLRP3 Inflammasomes in Cortical Glia and Neurons after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury". SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (1 de mayo de 2023): A69—A70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0155.
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Abstract Introduction Mild traumatic brain injuries (TBI) induce persistent dysregulated sleep, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and inflammation. Nucleotide-binding domain leucine rich family pyrin containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes are protein complexes that stimulate caspase-1 to activate the somnogenic pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. ROS induce thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) to activate NLRP3 inflammasomes by inhibiting thioredoxin which inhibits ROS. We previously found that mice lacking NLRP3 have increased non-rapid-eye movement (NREM) sleep and slow-wave activity (SWA) 24 h after mild TBI, but at 2 months post-injury theses values are reduced. Following up on this, we sought to determine the activity of NLRP3 inflammasomes in glia and neurons after mild TBI. Methods Two-month-old mice lacking NLRP3, and wild-type mice received a craniectomy and mild TBI via controlled cortical impact or sham. Frontal and somatosensory cortices were collected without a TBI and at 24 h and 2 months post-TBI. Microglia, astrocytes, and neurons were isolated using fluorescent-activated cell sorting, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), RNA and protein were quantified using RT-PCR and ELISAs. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results RNA, protein, and ROS control treatment values were similar for both genotypes in cortical microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. In wild-type mice, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, and TXNIP expression along with ROS values were significantly greater and thioredoxin expression was significantly less in cortical microglia, astrocytes, and neurons 24 h and 2 months post-TBI. In wild-type cortical microglia, astrocytes, and neurons NLRP3, IL-1β, and TXNIP expression levels were significantly greater in these cell types 2 months vs. 24 h post-TBI. Wild-type mice caspase-1 activity and NLRP3, IL-18, IL-1β, and TXNIP protein levels, were significantly greater and thioredoxin protein levels were significantly less in both cortical areas 24 h and 2 months post-TBI. Mice lacking NLRP3 showed significant increased values of TXNIP but reduced thioredoxin expression and protein levels 24 and 2 months post-TBI but no significant differences in other measures. Conclusion Our findings suggest that TBI induces persistent oxidative stress, TXNIP, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cortical glia and neurons that likely contributes to sleep dysregulation. Support (if any) Merit Review Award (I01BX005379)(MRZ) and SPiRE Award (I21RX003722)(GBK) Department of Veterans Affairs
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Lisitsina, Yana y Vasily Lisitsin. "Mark Meerovich Award: A carefully cherished spark". проект байкал 19, n.º 74 (5 de enero de 2023): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/pb.74.05.
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The prize was established in honour of Mark Grigorievich Meerovich (1956-2018), a famous Soviet and Russian architectural expert and architect, Doctor of Historical Sciences and Doctor of Architecture, Professor, Honoured Architect of Russia, an Irkutsk native who loved and defended his home town. The article describes the history and scope of the award and lists the merits of the nominees: Е. Ladeishchikova (Master nomination) and P. Pulyaevsky (Student nomination).
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Chapoval, Svetlana P., Mariah Lee, Aaron Lemmer, Oluwaseyi Ajayi, Xiulan Qi, Andrew F. Neuwald y Achsah Dorsey Keegan. "Amino acid F223 in neuroimmune semaphorin 4A is essential for stabilization of human regulatory T cells". Journal of Immunology 208, n.º 1_Supplement (1 de mayo de 2022): 54.26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.54.26.
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Abstract Class IV semaphorin family members, Sema4A and Sema4D, displayed opposite effects on human Treg cells in vitro. In PBMC cultures, Sema4A potentiated the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ cell numbers and increased CD25/Foxp3 expression while Sema4D inhibited them. Sema4A downregulated lung inflammation in allergen-induced experimental asthma whereas Sema4D was necessary for optimal allergic response. Allergen treatment decreased lung local and lymphoid tissue Treg cell numbers in Sema4A−/− mice and increased them in Sema4D−/− mice as compared to similarly treated WT counterparts. Sema4A and Sema4D competitively bind to Plexin B1 in microplate-based binding studies. Using Bayesian Partitioning with Pattern Selection (BPPS) and Structurally Interacting Pattern Residues’ Inferred Significance (SIPRIS), we identified Sema4A residues likely responsible for its functional specificity. We mutated the Sema4A residues M198 and F223 to alanine; notably, F223 in Sema4A corresponds to alanine in Sema4D. We evaluated their stimulatory activity toward human Treg cells and assayed them for binding to Plexin B1. The F223A mutant was unable to stimulate Treg stability in the in vitro PBMC cultures despite binding Plexin B1 with an affinity similar to WT and M198A proteins. This research is a first step in generating potent mutant Sema4A molecules with stimulatory function for Treg cells with a view to designing novel immunotherapeutics for asthma. This work was supported by NIH grant R01AI 122631 and the Merit Review Award Number I01 BX001850 from the US Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical R&D Service (both awarded to A.D.K.) and by NIH-NIGMS grant R01GM125878 to A.F.N.
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Mhonda, Mr Livingstone, Mr Martin Chimbuya, Mrs Mugumo Joyce Munangwa y Mr Tawanda Makuyana. "Adoption of Contemporary Technologies Among Hotels in Zimbabwe: A Case of City Hotels in Harare". International Journal of Business & Management Studies 05, n.º 05 (5 de mayo de 2024): 114–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijbms.v5n5a12.
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Numerous studies have shown that leading hotels of the world take a lead in implementing the latest trends in Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) systems. However, most of the hotels in Zimbabwe are usually reactive with the pace at which they are embracing and using the ICT systems. Hence, the study explores extant literature using the scoping review approach to explain the current technological developments shaping the hotel sub-sector. This research explores the tourism and hospitality industry from a global point of view, highlighting the pros and cons brought about by the hotel industry embracing modern technologies. The following objectives specifically guided the research: to explore level of adoption of new technologies usage in Harare hotels, to establish the merits and hindrances encountered by hoteliers in the adoption of new technologies by Harare hotels. Strategies that can be adopted by hotels in Zimbabwe to enhance the contribution of new technologies have been suggested. Hotels in Zimbabwe are aware of the benefits that are obtained through the adoption of new technologies such as: value creation, improved communication, low cost of production, and improved productivity among others. The findings of the study indicate that there is underutilization of ICT by Harare hotels due many challenges that include: limited investments in ICT applications, expensive ICT infrastructure, lack of expertise and technical know-how in new technologies and software, and limited telecommunications infrastructure. The study came up with the following recommendations to the hoteliers: to be transparent when implementing new technologies, to involve employees, to socialize and capacitate all key stakeholders in order to ensure that they are ready to embrace new technologies. Also the management must give all the necessary support to the employees and equip them with the essential skills.
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Dalela, Divakar y Sumati Gaumat. "Journal of Environmental Biology: Current credibility and acceptance". Journal of Environmental Biology 42, n.º 1 (30 de enero de 2021): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/1/editorial.
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Let us first express our respectful thanks to the founder of Journal Dr. R. C. Dalela, who has entrusted us the responsibility to look after the Processing and Editing of research papers submitted to the Journal of Environmental Biology. We have humbly accepted the responsibility and are committed to follow his footsteps to further enhance the scientific quality and popularity of the Journal of Environmental Biology. Journal's launching: In 1975, there were only a few research Journals available in India to the researchers of Biological Sciences. To cater to the needs of Environmental Biologists, Dr. Dalela mooted the idea of introducing research Journal in 1975 & after a pan India consultation launched the title “Journal of Environmental Biology ” after due registration with the Government of India. The International Editorial Board of Journal was constituted, the Editorial Policy and Guidelines for authors were prepared and the first issue was released on 7th October 1978 in Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. Since then, the Journal is being published uninterruptedly in-spite of varied problems and difficulties faced time to time. In the beginning most of the research papers received were from Indian researchers but with passage of time overseas research papers started pouring. Gradually, Journal became a favored choice of the International Scientific Community. From 1978 to 1997, the periodicity of Journal was quarterly and currently, it is bimonthly i.e. six issues in a year. The Journal is sponsored by Dalela Educational Foundation (DEF) - a charitable educational trust. The Journal neither receives any financial grant from Government nor from Non-government organizations. The Journal is independent and financially depends largely upon subscriptions and the publication fees. . Growth and Progress: In 1997, the Registered Office and the secretariat of the Journal was shifted from Muzaffarnagar to Lucknow, the capital city of Uttar Pradesh. The worldwide acceptance of our Journal grew exponentially because of its scientific merit, print quality and its double-blind peer review system. Peer-review system and editing of research papers became more intense and recommendations of reviewers became the sole criterion for publication of research papers. The Marketing & Distribution of the Journal was given to Triveni Enterprises - an educational setup, to make this important task efficient. As the Journal's credibility grew over a period of time, new policies were promulgated to meet the increasing needs of International Scientific community. These are as follows: 1) Website: In 2001, Journal developed its website (www.jeb.co.in), where in all relevant information of the Journal and the published papers were uploaded. Open Access of research papers was made available. 2) R & D Division: In 2008, Journal established its own Research & Development (R & D) division under the guidance of a consultant and scientists to scrutinize all submitted manuscripts for unethical practices and recommend ways to improve quality and scientific merit. Looking to its relevance, the reviewer selection and monitoring of the review process were also handed over to this division. Our reviewers, Editorial Board members and R & D experts voluntarily and generously contribute their expertise to upscale the Journal. We highly value their role. The contributions of the reviewers are appropriately acknowledged by publishing their names in the Reviewer's Panel of the Journal. 3) Digital Object Identifier: Journal took the membership of Crossref in 2016, so as to allot the DOI number to each paper published in the Journal of Environmental Biology. 4) JEB International Awards: In 2018, the Journal introduced “JEB - International Award (IA)” for the best paper published in a calendar year to recognize and appreciate the outstanding research paper published in the Journal. In 2019, the Journal introduced, “Young Researcher Award (YRA)” – another International Award for innovative research paper published by a young research scholar. The papers are evaluated by an International Scientific Committee and the awardees are given “Certificate of Excellence” and cash prizes of USD 500 to IA and USD 200 to YRA, respectively. Scientific Leadership: In September 2020, the National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM), Hyderabad organized an online training program and the JEB editor was invited as an expert in a panel discussion on "Science of Writing Good Research Papers". Dr. Sumati Gaumat, Editor-JEB based on her vast experience highlighted many short comings normally committed by the young research scholars while writing research papers and what should they do to avoid rejection. COPE Membership: In December - 2020, we have applied for the registration of Journal for the membership of “Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)” to follow the highest standards of ethics for scholarly publication. Year 2020, has been the most challenging and disruptive year for the entire world due to Covid-19 global pandemic. The pandemic and various regulations of the Government to curtail the pandemic have affected the normal working of secretariat. The secretariat is slowly resuming the regular functioning. Our priority now is to enhance efficiency of Editorial office and to clear the backlog of accumulated research papers. Further, we are keen to work with more enthusiasm to attract high level, innovative and impactful researches for publication in the Journal. Future Strategies: We are pleased to share that our current research credibility & acceptance has made the Journal one of the most acceptable International Research Journal for publication of scientific research related to Environmental Sciences and Toxicology. We wish to concentrate on the following in 2021: 1. To seek more active participation of Editors of JEB. 2. To attract more authentic and transparent research for publication. 3. To follow the best publication practices and ethics laid down by COPE for scholarly publication. 4. To accord priority to innovative research. 5. To adopt stricter review and editing systems of papers. We acknowledge the efforts of all the contributors, readers, researchers, scientists and subscribers of the Journal - Libraries, organizations and laboratories for their continued cooperation and support. We also thank the members of the Editorial Board, for rendering their expertise voluntarily to the Journal and also the reviewers for their robust and critical review of papers. The services of Information System Consultant are sincerely acknowledged for supervising the designing and for managing Journal's website. The reputation and popularity of Journal is due to hard and sincere working of the secretariat staff. At last but not the least, we express our highest gratitude to the Managing Editor of the Journal for her constant support and encouragement.
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Gupta, Ajay Kumar y Udai Shanker. "A Literature Review of Location-Aware Computing Policies". International Journal of Mobile Human Computer Interaction 12, n.º 3 (julio de 2020): 21–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijmhci.2020070102.
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Location-aware computing systems implementation has the challenge of maintaining its consistency due to frequent disconnections in the mobile environment. Many other exciting issues associated with this domain provide a fertile ground for many mobile database researchers to tackle. This work contributes by taking up-to-date literature on current location-aware mobile data management practices. The paper includes taxonomy for caching, map-matching, and location privacy protection with spatial-temporal queries, unlike other review papers, which only address a specific aspect of location-dependent data management. First, an in-depth analysis of state-of-the-art and classified literature is presented, taking into account the domain of application models and approaches for evaluation. Secondly, it provides a theoretical and analytical investigation of location-conscious computing approaches available in the literature, examining the merit and demerit of each method and the evolving processes between them. Finally, the paper highlighted the outstanding opportunities for future research directions.
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Juratowitch, Ben. "FORA NON CONVENIENS FOR ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRAL AWARDS AGAINST STATES". International and Comparative Law Quarterly 63, n.º 2 (abril de 2014): 477–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589314000086.
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AbstractIn Figueiredo Ferraz v Peru the US Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, deployed the doctrine of forum non conveniens to decline to enforce an arbitral award against Peru. The award had been rendered in Peru and the successful party in the arbitration sought to enforce it against Peru's assets in New York. This article argues that, contrary to the Second Circuit's approach, when the merits of a dispute are decided in an arbitration seated in one jurisdiction and the arbitral award is then presented to a court in another jurisdiction for enforcement against the award debtor and its assets within the jurisdiction of that court, neither forum non conveniens nor any rule performing the same function should arise.
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Thompson, A. M., K. N. Price, S. Atluri, D. Yee, J. L. Hsiao y V. Y. Shi. "657 Characteristics and merits of NIH award recipients of dermatology research". Journal of Investigative Dermatology 141, n.º 5 (mayo de 2021): S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.687.
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Piers, Maud y Dirk De Meulemeester. "Merits revisited? Arbitral Award, Public Policy and Annulment – The Belgian Experience". ASA Bulletin 25, Issue 3 (1 de septiembre de 2007): 630–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/asab2007062.
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Williamson, Lauren, Walter Burog y Rachel M. Taylor. "Evaluation of the DAISY (Diseases Attacking the Immune SYstem) Award for recognising excellence in nursing". British Journal of Nursing 31, n.º 19 (27 de octubre de 2022): 976–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.19.976.
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Background: With increasing demand for nursing services worldwide, the onus is on healthcare systems to implement measures to improve retention. The DAISY Award was designed to celebrate nursing with the suggestion that it may improve staff retention. Aim: To describe the experience and impact of winning the DAISY Award. Method: Data were collected through virtual semistructured interviews from award winners (n=4), nominees (n=4) and nominators (n=4). An analytical framework was developed to allow the responses of the three groups to be compared. Findings: Four major themes emerged from the responses: awareness of the DAISY Award; the nomination process, the impact on retention and winner benefits. Conclusion: Being nominated or winning a DAISY Award had a positive impact on nurses' feelings towards their role. This was a small evaluation in a single organisation, so the value of adopting the DAISY Award for recognising nurses' contributions to patient care merits further investigation, especially with regards to its effects on retention.