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Kuldosheva, Firuza S. "Supercritical CO2 extraction of glycyrrhizic acid from licorice root: optimization of extraction conditions using RSM (response surface metodology)". Butlerov Communications 58, n.º 6 (30 de junio de 2019): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37952/roi-jbc-01/19-58-6-114.
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Extraction of HA from licorice roots was carried out by SC-CO2 with ethanol, as a solvent. Experiments and modeling were denoted by RSM. Licorice root extract was analyzed by chromatography and AAS. The RSM design was used to optimize the variables of the CCE and the GC output. The maximum yield of HA is observed under conditions of 10 MPa, 90.8 and 48.2 °C, 92 minutes and a flow of 1.70 and 1.50 ml/min of CO2 using RSM, respectively. According to RSM, R2 and the modified R2 model are 96.1% and 93.2%, respectively. The accuracy of the GC output model is confirmed by triplet experiments, giving an average extraction yield of 52.2±1.2%, respectively, for RSM. The difference of this study from the data known in the literature lies in the design of experiments on modeling and optimization of the extraction yield. An innovation is the optimization of process parameters via RSM, where the maximum yield is achieved by optimizing the extraction conditions. Estimated optimal yield under specific conditions is confirmed by triple experiments (CHIP) in this study. Notation: P (MPa) – extraction pressure, φ (ml/мин) – CO2 flow rate, R (%) – yield, t (мин) – extraction duration, E (oС) – extraction temperature. RSM is a polynomial model of the 2nd order, to explain the variation in the rate of extraction of GC depending on the variables. The linear terms of temperature, pressure and dynamic time, the quadratic terms of dynamic time and pressure with P ≤ 0.001 are highly reliable. The linear term of the CO2 stream, the quadratic term of temperature, and the terms of interaction t – p and r – the dynamic time with 0.001 < p < 0.01 are significant, while variables with p > 0.01 are insignificant. By applying multiple regression analysis to experimental data, one can obtain second-order polynomial equations.
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Widhiantari, Ida Ayu, Sandra Sandra y Gunomo Djoyowasito. "OPTIMASI TEKSTUR BUAH TOMAT SETELAH SIMULASI TRANSPORTASI MENGGUNAKAN RESPON SURFACE METODOLOGY (RSM)". Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem 7, n.º 2 (28 de septiembre de 2019): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v7i2.69.
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Selama kegiatan transportasi buah tomat dapat mengalami kerusakan akibat adanya frekuensi getaran yang berasal dari mesin transportasi dan juga lama waktu kegiatan transportasi. Adanya getaran selama proses transportasi buah tomat dapat mempengaruhi perubahan tekstur buah tomat. Optimasi dilakukan dalam penelitian ini dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh mutu buah tomat yang optimal setelah dilakukan simulasi transportasi. Optimasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) central composite design (CCD) dengan dua variabel bebas yaitu frekuensi getaran (3 Hz, 6HZ, dan 9Hz) dan lama waktu penggetaran (120, 150, dan 180 menit) serta tekstur buah tomat sebagai respon. Kondisi optimum diperoleh pada frekuensi getaran 2,33 Hz dan waktu simulasi transportasi 133,42 menit dengan nilai tekstur optimum buah tomat yaitu 0,147768 dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0,928.
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Farihah, Tutik. "PENENTUAN POLA KELELAHAN FISIK PADA PEROKOK AKTIF DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY (Studi Kasus: Mahasiswa PS. Teknik Industri UIN Sunan Kalijaga)". J@ti Undip : Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, n.º 2 (24 de junio de 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jati.11.2.107-112.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola kelelahan fisik pada perokok aktif baik di beban kerja ringan, menengah dan beban kerja yang berat dengan faktor suhu dan cahaya. Response Permukaan Metodologi ( RSM ) adalah kumpulan teknik statistik dan matematika yang berguna untuk evaluasi hubungan yang ada pada beberapa faktor kuantitatif terhadap variabel respon. Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data pada beban kerja ringan dan beban kerja menengah memiliki fungsi pola pelana. Sedangkan pada beban kerja berat memiliki fungsi respon permukaan minimum. AbstractThis study aims to identify workload pattern in active smokers both in light workload, medium and heavy workload with controlled faktor are temperature and light.Response Surface Metodology (RSM) is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques useful for evaluation of relationship existing between some controlled experiment faktors and measured responses according to one or more selected criteria. Based on the results on light workload optimization functions have saddle pattern functions so it is with medium workload. While the heavy workload optimization functions are obtained based on the minimum surface.
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Nasrun, David, Fuad Achmadi y Julianus Hutabarat. "Penerapan Six Sigma pada Perbaikan Kualitas Produk Batako Menggunakan Design of Experiment Response Surface Methodology (RSM) dengan Control SOP". JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN MANAJEMEN INDUSTRI 7, n.º 1 (17 de marzo de 2021): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/jtmi.v7i1.3357.
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CV. Souru Blok adalah perusahaan manufaktur (Bahan Konstruksi) yang bergerak dalam bidang pembuatan batako (berbahan dasar pasir). Perusahaan berkeinginan untuk terus melakukan inovasi dan perbaikan untuk menciptakan masa depan perusahaan yang lebih baik. Namun dalam kenyataan yang dialami perusahaan, terdapat berbagai kasus terjadinya cacat pada proses produksi. Untuk dapat mencapai target kualitas yang diinginkan oleh perusahaan, serta untuk menjaga kepercayaan pasar terhadap produk Perusahaan, maka dibutuhkan perbaikan terhadap proses produksi batako dengan menggunakan pendekatan six sigma agar dapat memenuhi kriteria standar yang diinginkan oleh konsumen. Pada penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode Define Measure Analyze Improve Control (DMAIC) yang diintegerasikan dengan Respone Surface Metodology (RSM) dan Kontrol Standard Operational Prosedure (SOP). Dari ketiga faktor, yaitu Komposisi Pasir Laut (PL), Komposisi Pasir Sungai (PS), dan komposisi Semen: Pasir yang berpengaruh terhadap terhadap jumlah produk, yaitu komposisi PS dan komposisi S:P saja yang mempunyai pengaruh paling besar atau berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi batako tersebut. Titik optimum yang diprediksi dari komposisi PS dan komposisi S:P yang menghasilkan produk yang paling maksimum yaitu, untuk komposisi PS = 1 (100%) dan komposisi S:P = 0,10 (1:10) mampu menurunkan jumlah cacat produk dari 9,96 % menjadi 0,003% dan meningkatkan nilai sigma dari 2,97 menjadi 4,25. Dari hasil eksperimen maka menghasilkan SOP dengan instruksi kerja 100 % bahan baku pasir menggunakan pasir sungai dan perbandingan material 1:10 (Semen:Pasir).
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Maruf, Anwar y Neni Damajanti. "Pengaruh Jumlah Siklum HEM (High Energy Milling) Pada Karakteristik MFC (Microfibrillated Cellulose) Dari Sekam Padi". Techno (Jurnal Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto) 21, n.º 1 (29 de abril de 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.30595/techno.v21i1.5387.
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MFC merupakan selulosa yang sudah mengalami proses lanjut yaitu refinerdan homogenizer sehingga ukurannya berskala nanometer (nm). Proses pembuatanMFC dapat dilakukan secara mekanik, yaitu dengan memanfaatkan refiner, highpressure homogenizer dan gelombang ultrasonic. Selain dengan metode mekanik,pembautan MFC juga dapat dilakukan dengan metode enzimatis. MFC dapatdigunakan sebagai komposit pada berbagai bidang seperti industri makanan, cat,kosmetik dan medis. Pemanfaatan selulosa sekam padi dalam pembuatan MFC belumbanyak dilakukan. Proses penting dalam pembuatan MFC sekam padi adalah prosesdelignifikasi untuk menghilangkan lignin dan silika, proses bleaching dan prosespenggilingan. Pada penelitian ini akan dikaji pengaruh konsentrasi hydrogenperoksida, temperature bleaching dan waktu penggilingan. Optimasi variabel dapatdilakukan dengan menggunakan Response Surface Metodology (RSM). Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan kondisi optimum untuk proses delignifikasi adalah padaperbandingan volume/berat sekam sebesar 9, konsentrasi H2O2 1,5% dan pH 11,5.Variabel yang signifikan terhadap kadar lignin adalah diketahui yang signifikanterhadap kadar lignin adalah pH (linier), rasio V/w (kuadratik), konsentrasi H2O2(kuadratik) dan pH (kuadratik). Proses HEM sangat berpengaruh pada karakteristikMFC. Semakin banyak siklus HEM, maka gugus aktif MFC akan semakin banyak.
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Klimczyk, Witold Artur y Zdobyslaw Jan Goraj. "Analysis and optimization of morphing wing aerodynamics". Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, n.º 3 (4 de marzo de 2019): 538–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2017-0289.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a method for analysis and optimization of morphing wing. Moreover, a numerical advantage of morphing airfoil wing, typically assessed in simplified two-dimensional analysis is found using higher fidelity methods.Design/methodology/approachBecause of multi-point nature of morphing wing optimization, an approach for optimization by analysis is presented. Starting from naïve parametrization, multi-fidelity aerodynamic data are used to construct response surface model. From the model, many significant information are extracted related to parameters effect on objective; hence, design sensitivity and, ultimately, optimal solution can be found.FindingsThe method was tested on benchmark problem, with some easy-to-predict results. All of them were confirmed, along with additional information on morphing trailing edge wings. It was found that wing with morphing trailing edge has around 10 per cent lower drag for the same lift requirement when compared to conventional design.Practical implicationsIt is demonstrated that providing a smooth surface on wing gives substantial improvement in multi-purpose aircrafts. Details on how this is achieved are described. The metodology and results presented in current paper can be used in further development of morphing wing.Originality/valueMost of literature describing morphing airfoil design, optimization or calculations, performs only 2D analysis. Furthermore, the comparison is often based on low-fidelity aerodynamic models. This paper uses 3D, multi-fidelity aerodynamic models. The results confirm that this approach reveals information unavailable with simplified models.
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Yaguas, Orlando José. "Metodología de superficie de respuesta para la Optimización de una producción agrícola". Revista Ingeneria Industrial 16, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2017): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/s07179103/2017.13.
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Karima, Nur, Nova Chintya Kurniawati, Boy Arief Fachri, Istiqomah Rahmawati, Bekti Palupi, Mahfud Mahfud, Ditta Kharisma Yolanda, Atiqa Rahmawati, Badril Azhar y Maktum Muharja. "Optimization of Essential Oil Extraction of Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.) Leaves by Using Solvent-Free Microwave Extraction". Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan 6, n.º 2 (31 de octubre de 2022): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jtkl.v6i2.339.
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Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.) yang biasa digunakan sebagai astringent dan antipiretik memiliki potensi yang tinggi sebagai bahan baku produksi minyak atsiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) dari daun beluntas menggunakan response surface metodology (RSM). Desain Box-Behnken dengan variasi waktu ekstraksi (60-120 menit), rasio bahan/labu distilat (0,06-0,1 g/ml), dan daya pemanas (150-450 Watt) digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan produksi minyak atsiri. Faktor rasio bahan/penyuling memiliki pengaruh signifikan paling tinggi terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri (P<0,05). Rendemen minyak atsiri meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya daya pemanasan minyak dan waktu ekstraksi, dan sebaliknya. Di sisi lain, peningkatan rasio bahan/labu distilat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap rendemen minyak atsiri. Hasil minyak atsiri maksimum menggunakan metode SFME sebesar 0,2728 b/b% diperoleh untuk kondisi optimal waktu ekstraksi 90 menit, daya pemanasan 450 W, dan rasio bahan/labu distilat 0,06.Beluntas (Pluchea Indica L.) which commonly used as astringent and antipyretic has a high potential for the feedstock of essential oil production. The objective of this work is to optimize solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME) of Beluntas leaves by using response surface methodology (RSM). Box-Behnken Design with the variations of extraction time (60-120 min), feed/distiller ratio (0.06-0.1 g/ml), and heating power (150-450 W) was utilized to optimize essential oil yield. The feed/distiller ratio factor had the highest significant effect on the essential oil yield (P<0.05). Essential oil yield increased as the increase of oil heating power and time extraction, and vice versa. On the other hand, the increase in the feed/distiller ratio gave a negative impact on the essential oil yield. The maximum essential oil yield using SFME method of 0.2728 b/b% was obtained for the optimized condition of extraction time of 90 min, microwave heating power of 450 W, and feed/distiller ratio of 0.06.
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Windyandari, Aulia. "METODOLOGI PENGEMBANGAN MODEL SIMULASI UNTUK EVALUASI KESELAMATAN PENUMPANG FREEFALL LIFEBOAT". Gema Teknologi 16, n.º 2 (6 de febrero de 2012): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/gt.v16i2.1628.
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Aulia Windyandari, in paper simulation model of development method for passenger savety evaluation of freefaal lifeboat explain that since the launching procedure of Freefall Lifeboat (FFL) may have an impact with the water surface, the occupant injury is possible be occured in the evacuation process of the offshore structures. The FFL shock acceleration has been conducted by the impact force when the lifeboat entry the water surface. If the shock acceleration over the human conciousness allowance, the serious injury will be happened during the FFL launching.According to the conditions, the IMO regulations have standard for the acceptance criteria of FFL shock acceleration induced by water entry impact load. The results measurement of Combined Acceleration Ratio Index (CAR) or Combined Dynamic Response Ratio Index (CDRR) should be comply with the IMO index criteria.In this paper, the methodology of FFL acceleration response prediction by the simulation model analysis will be proposed. The simulation model will be developed by using LS-Dyna code. The Simplified Arbitratry Lagrangian Eulerian Coupling will be used to define the coupling analysis between the Lifeboats (Lagrangian elements) with Water Fluids (the Eulerian Elements)Keywords: Free Fall Lifeboat, Response Acceleration, Impact Load
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Shakir, H. A. "PROTEASE PRODUCTION FROM Bacillus safensis IN SUBMERGED FERMENTATION USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY". Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 18, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2019): 375–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/revmexingquim/2019v18n1/shakir.
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Q. Lopes, Janile, Raphael A. Cardeal y Bruno C. B. Salgado. "Selective Photocatalytic Conversion of Nitrobenzene to Aniline: Optimization Using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM)". Revista Virtual de Química 12, n.º 1 (2020): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20200014.
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Texco, A. "OPTIMIZATION OF THE ACID HYDROLYSIS OF CLADODES OF Opuntia ficus-indica BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY". Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 17, n.º 3 (26 de julio de 2018): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/revmexingquim/2018v17n3/texco.
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Zegarra, Saby y Jenny Valdez. "Optimization of the formulation of an enriched cookie with anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) hydrolyzed using response surface methodology". Agroindustrial Science 1 (30 de junio de 2016): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.science.2016.01.15.
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Abdullah, R. "APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR STATISTICAL OPTIMIZATION OF LIPASE PRODUCTION BY Penicillium sp. EMPLOYING SOLID STATE FERMENTATION". Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 17, n.º 3 (26 de julio de 2018): 863–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/revmexingquim/2018v17n3/abdullah.
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Nisar, K., R. Abdullah, A. Kaleem y M. Iqtedar. "Application of response surface methodology for statistical optimization of carboxymethylcellulase by Thermomyces dupontii TK-19 using submerged fermentation". Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 19, n.º 2 (1 de agosto de 2019): 903–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/rmiq/bio895.
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CARBONEL-RAMOS, Dalia Elisa, Hugo David CHIRINOS, Mery Cecilia GOMÉZ-MARROQUÍN y Madhu AGARWAL. "RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF HEAVY METAL ADSORPTION IN A MULTIMETAL SOLUTION BY BENTONITE-KAOLIN-ZEOLITE PELLETS". PERIÓDICO TCHÊ QUÍMICA 18, n.º 37 (20 de marzo de 2021): 57–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq-v18-n73-pgi.57-2021.
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Background: Heavy metals contamination of surface and groundwater is a major environmental problem. Clay minerals are porous and are efficient to adsorb metal ions. Amongst the available treatment technologies, adsorption is the most cost-effective, easy to operate, scalable, and replicable to remediate heavy metals from water solution. Aim: This study aimed to assess the adsorption performance of clay pellets of natural aluminosilicates, bentonite (29%), kaolin (4%) and zeolite (67%) to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Methods: The effect of optimal operating conditions like contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and heavy metals initial concentration has been studied. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were also performed. Adsorbents were characterized using FTIR analysis. Results and Discussion: Optimum values for contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and initial concentration of lead, copper, and cadmium were; 240 min; 25 g/L; 4.3; and 4mg/L, 7 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm was the best-fitted isotherm model for the three metals. Adsorption kinetics showed that the lead and copper adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model while cadmium suited with the pseudo-first-order model. The selectivity of the pellets towards the metal ions was in the order of Pb > Cu > Cd. Conclusions: The new combination of bentonite-kaolinite-zeolite pellets worked well in tertiary wastewater treatment and successfully utilized as a natural adsorbent in multimetal solution. The results confirmed that the used clay pellets have better adsorption capacity than many other reported studies. Maximum adsorption capacity can be further increased by adjusting the calcination temperature and applying chemical treatments to the clay pellets before extrusion. The response surface analysis evaluated the predicted optimal values for the four operating factors.
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Estarque de Oliveira, Alessandro y Vádila Giovana Guerra. "Response surface methodology to model the electrostatic precipitation of nanoparticles at low air velocities". Journal of Engineering and Exact Sciences 6, n.º 4 (20 de octubre de 2020): 0547–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18540/jcecvl6iss4pp0547-0554.
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Baixas velocidades de ar não são totalmente exploradas no campo de precipitação eletrostática devido às limitações de escala em equipamentos industriais, embora tenham fornecido altas eficiências de coleta de nanopartículas em estudos realizados em escala laboratorial. Visando contribuir com a ciência de precipitação eletrostática, um planejamento fatorial 3² completo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de condições operacionais (voltagens de -8.0 a -8.2 kV e velocidades do ar de 1.67 a 19.9 cm s-1) sobre a eficiência mássica global de precipitação eletrostática de nanopartículas de KCl (5.94–224.7 nm). Metodologia de Superfície de Resposta foi usada para obter a faixa de condições operacionais que forneciam as maiores eficiências. A maior eficiência percentual (99.870 ± 0.008) foi obtida para -8.2 kV e 6.67 cm s-1. Um modelo polinomial ajustou bem os dados experimentais (R² = 0.99217).
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Sylvia, Novi, Meriatna Meriatna, Fikri Hasfita y Lukman Hakim. "Optimasi Adsorpsi Ion Mg2+ pada Fixed Bed Column dengan Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology". Reaktor 17, n.º 3 (3 de octubre de 2017): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/reaktor.17.3.126-131.
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Abstract OPTIMIZATION ADSORPTION OF Mg2+ ION ON FIXED BED COLUMN USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY. Modeling of the adsorption process is used to establish the mathematical relationship between the interacting process variables and process optimization. This is important to determine the factor values that produce a maximum response. Adsorption of Mg from groundwater was optimized using response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was used to analyze adsorption data. The process was investigated by continuous experiments. Variables included in the process were: bed depths (7.5, 10, and 12.5 cm), time (20, 40, and 60 min), and flow rate (6, 10, and 14 L/min). Regression analysis was used to analyze the developed models. The outcome of this research showed that 72.784% of the variability in removal efficiency is attributed to the three process variables considered, that is, bed depths, time, and flow rate. Optimization tests showed that the optimum operating conditions for the adsorption process occurred at a bed depth of 11.37 cm, time of 55.53 min and flow rate of 6 L/min. Keywords: adsorption; Box-Behnken design; magnesium (Mg2+); optimization AbstrakPemodelan dari proses adsorpsi digunakan untuk menentukan hubungan matematis antara variabel proses interaksi dan proses optimasi. Hal ini penting untuk menentukan nilai faktor yang menghasilkan respon maksimum. Adsorpsi magnesium (Mg2+) dari air tanah dioptimalkan menggunakan metodologi respon permukaan model Desain Box-Behnken yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adsorpsi. Percobaan dilakukan secara kontinyu. Variabel yang termasuk dalam proses tersebut adalah: tinggi unggun (7,5, 10 dan 12,5 cm), waktu kontak (20, 40, dan 60 menit), dan laju alir (6, 10, dan 14 L/menit). Analisis regresi digunakan untuk menganalisis model yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 72,784% efisiensi penyisihan Mg2+ ditentukan oleh tiga variabel proses, yaitu tinggi unggun, waktu kontak, dan laju alir. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan bahwa kondisi operasi optimum untuk proses adsorpsi terjadi pada tinggi unggun 11,37 cm, waktu kontak 55,53 menit dan laju alir 6 L/menit. Kata kunci: adsorpsi; Box-Behnken desain; magnesium (Mg2+); optimasi
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Damanik, Irma Yulia, Nasrul ZA y Muhammad Muhammad. "Optimasi Aplikasi Kontrol PI pada Tekanan di Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)". Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal 8, n.º 2 (30 de julio de 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v8i2.2679.
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AbstrakReaktor kimia adalah tempat terjadinya reaksi kimia, baik dalam ukuran kecil seperti tabung reaksi sampai ukuran yang besar seperti reaktor skala industri. Reaktor tangki pengaduk kontinyu (CSTR) adalah bejana dimana reaktan ditambahkan dan produk dikeluarkan sementara isi didalam bejana diaduk dengan kuat dengan agitasi internal atau secara internal (atau eksternal) merecycle isinya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan nilai parameter Kc dan Ti, kontrol yang tepat agar diperoleh respon controller terbaik. Sistem kontrol Proportional Integral and Derivatif (PID) merupakan kontroler mekanisme umpan balik (Feed Back) yang biasanya dipakai pada sistem kontrol industri. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) atau biasa disebut metode permukaan respon adalah sekumpulan metode-metode matematika dan statistika yang digunakan dalam pemodelan dan analisis, yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh beberapa variabel kuantitatif terhadap suatu variabel respon dan untuk mengoptimalkan variabel respon tersebut. Adapun metodologi dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model steady state reactor CSTR menjadi model dynamic, kemudian membuat model kontrol dengan menentukan parameter PI controller menggunakan RSM, setelah itu melakukan tuning parameter kc dan ti terhadap kontrol PI dengan melakukan gangguan pada setpoint. Hasil dari aplikasi sistem kontrol PI maka didapat waktu respon tercepat dengan nilai kc= 1,85, ti=1,15 dengan waktu 0,5 menit.Kata kunci: continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), controller PI, set point
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Torres Ochoa, A. J. "SYNTHESIS OF A GEOPOLYMER AND USE OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY TO OPTIMIZE THE BOND STRENGTH TO RED BRICK FOR IMPROVING THE INTERNAL COATING IN BURNER KILNS". Revista Mexicana de Ingeniería Química 18, n.º 1 (1 de abril de 2019): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.24275/uam/izt/dcbi/revmexingquim/2019v18n1/torreso.
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Syed Shaharuddin, Sharifah Imihezri, AMIRUL AKMAL FAUZAN, MOHAMAD FARIS IZZUDIN MOHAMAD JAZI, NUR ATIQAH MOHD. AKHIR, MAIZATULNISA OTHMAN, NOR KHAIRUSHIMA MUHAMAD KHAIRUSSALEH, NORHASHIMAH SHAFFIAR y ZAIMAH HASAN. "EFFECT OF SPINNING PARAMETERS ON PLA/PPC/CURCUMIN MICROFIBER DIAMETER: AN INVESTIGATION VIA RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY". IIUM Engineering Journal 21, n.º 2 (4 de julio de 2020): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v21i2.1336.
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The initial phase of this study was to investigate the effect of polypropylene carbonate (PPC) additions in polylactic acid (PLA)/curcumin (Cur) blends. It was observed that the presence of curcumin particulates behaved as a reinforcement filler for PPC additions up to 30 wt%. A specific composition was then invested to find the correlation between the fiber diameter and melt-spinning process parameters using central composite design (CCD), a subset of response surface methodology (RSM). Results showed that the spinning temperature had a greater effect than the spinning speed on the diameter of PLA/PPC/curcumin fiber. The response model indicated a good correlation between experimental and predicted values since the ANOVA analysis demonstrated high F-value of model adequacy at 10.34, non-significant lack of fit, precision adequacy of 9.94 and R2 value of 0.80. Therefore, this model can be used in a future study to establish the processing parameters for controlled fiber production. ABSTRAK: Fasa awal kajian ini adalah bagi mengkaji kesan penambahan karbonat polipropilin ke dalam campuran asid prolaktik (PLA)/kurkumin (Cur). Didapati kehadiran zarah-zarah kurkumin bertindak sebagai pengisi bantuan pada penambahan PPC sehingga 30 wt%. Komposisi tertentu kemudian dikaji bagi mencari kaitan diameter fiber dan parameter proses putaran-cair menggunakan rekaan komposit utama (CCD), dan subset metodologi gerak-balas permukaan (RSM). Keputusan menunjukkan suhu putaran berpengaruh besar berbanding kelajuan putaran pada diameter fiber PLA/PPC/kurkumin. Model yang bertindak balas ini menunjukkan kaitan yang baik antara eksperimen dan nilai yang dijangka kerana analisis ANOVA menunjukkan nilai-F yang tinggi pada 10.34 kecukupan model, tidak-ketara kurang padanan, kecukupan ketepatan pada 9.94 dan nilai R2 sebanyak 0.80. Oleh itu, model ini boleh digunakan pada kajian akan datang bagi menghasilkan parameter proses pengeluaran fiber kawalan.
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Ramazela, Monika, Nasrul ZA, Fahirul Muhar, Azhari Azhari, Novi Sylvia y Fikri Hasfita. "Permodelan Aplikasi Kontrol PID-Temperatur Kontrol Pada Desuperheater (Bh-1074) Pada PT – Pupuk Iskandar Muda Dengan Menggunakan Metode Response Surface Methodology". Chemical Engineering Journal Storage (CEJS) 2, n.º 4 (30 de octubre de 2022): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/cejs.v2i4.7957.
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PID merupakan salah satu metode kendali dengan tiga buah parameter, P (proportional) yang berfungsi untuk memberikan respon sistem, I (integral) yang berfungsi untuk mengkoreksi dan mereduksi offset dan D (derivatif) yang berfungsi untuk mereduksi overshoot. Desuperheater digunakan untuk melakukan proses desuperheating yaitu menurunkan suhu superheat dan mengembalikan uap ke keadaan jenuh serta meningkatkan Yield H2O dalam kondisi gas. Metodologi penelitian ini adalah membuat Model steady state Desuperheater sesuai dengan data yang diperoleh di PT.Pupuk Iskandar Muda. Setelah model steady state diperoleh maka model tersebut diubah menjadi model dynamic dengan cara ditambahkan temperatur kontrol valve pada bagian yang ingin dikontrol. Kemudian pasang kontrol yang diinginkan dalam plant tersebut didalam Aspen hysys. Setelah itu melakukan tunning terhadap parameter Kc, Ti dan Td dengan cara memberikan gangguan pada set point dan melakukan analisa terhadap hasil yang diperoleh mengguakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan waktu respon tercepat terhadap gangguan temperatur pada nilai Kc, Ti dan Td terbaik. Hasil respon tercapat didapatkan pada nilai Kc 3,69; nilai Ti 0,0269 dan nilai Td 0,0015 dengan waktu 17.4921 detik.
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Alves, Sofia Jansen de Medeiros, Kleilton Oliveira Santos, Daniel Bezerra de Lima, Kylwver Fanis Dias Freitas, Márcio José Batista Cardoso y Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook. "Aplicação da Metodologia de Superfície Resposta na Modificação Superficial de Aço Inoxidável por tratamento Físico e Químico / Application of Surface Response Methodology in Surface Modification of Stainless Steel by Physical and Chemical Treatment". Brazilian Journal of Development 8, n.º 1 (1 de febrero de 2022): 8282–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv8n1-556.
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Caballero, Rosa Elena, Víctor Jiménez, Mónica Miranda, Dalys Rovira, Pedro González y Juana Ramos- Chue de Pérez. "Optimization of conditions for the production of laccase by Trametes villosa (Sw.) Kreisel and its application in the bio-treatment of sugar cane vinasse". Anales de Biología, n.º 43 (16 de febrero de 2021): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesbio.43.03.
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Se optimizaron condiciones para la producción de lacasa por Trametes villosa mediante la metodología de superficie de respuesta: relación C:N, nivel de Cu+2 (mM) y tiempo de fermentación. El extracto crudo se inoculó en vinaza diluida al 25% y se evaluó el cambio en algunos parámetros de calidad de agua residual. La optimización produjo un aumento en la actividad de lacasa de 2,86 veces con respecto al medio no optimizado. Se observó reducción en los valores de DQO, fenoles y color en la vinaza tratada de 46,33%, 73,98% y 52,87% respectivamente. El pH aumentó de 6,50 a 6,57 y la actividad enzimática mostró un marcado aumento en medio con vinaza. Se confirma la utilidad de la metodología de superficie de respuesta en la optimización de condiciones en procesos de fermentación. Selected conditions for laccase production by Trametes villosa were optimized by surface response methodology: C:N ratio, Cu+2 level (mM), and fermentation time. The crude extract was inoculated on 25% (v/v) diluted sugarcane vinasse and some residual water quality parameters were evaluated. A 2.86-fold increase in the enzymatic activity was obtained upon optimization. Reduction of COD, phenol and color values on the treated vinasse were 46.33%, 73.98% and 52.87% respectively. pH increased from 6.50 to 6.57 and laccase enzymatic activity in vinasse media increased considerably. The advantage of surface respond methodologies for optimization of fermentation conditions is confirmed.
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Muhammad, Muhammad, Azizi Maharani y Maulinda Leni. "Optimasi Pengendalian Flow Control DEA Absorber Menggunakan Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) Control Dengan Metode Respon Surface Methodology (RSM)". Jurnal Teknologi Kimia Unimal 7, n.º 2 (22 de febrero de 2019): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.29103/jtku.v7i2.1255.
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Absorbsi merupakan salah satu cara untuk memisahkan atau mengurangi suatu konsituen dalam fasa gas dengan menggunakan solvent atau penyerap tertentu secara relative yang dapat melarutkan atau menyerap konsituen yang diinginkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan nilai Kc, Ti dan Td terbaik pada kontrol PID DEA absorber Perta Arun Gas. Sistem kontrol Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) merupakan controller untuk menentukan presisi suatu sistem instrumentasi dengan karakteristik adanya umpan balik pada sistem tersebut (Feed Back). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) atau metode permukaan respon adalah sekumpulan metode-metode matematika dan statistika yang digunakan dalam pemodelan dan analisis, yang bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh beberapa variabel kuantitatif terhadap suatu variabel respon dan untuk mengoptimalkan variabel respon tersebut. Adapun metodologi dari penelitian ini adalah membuat model steady state DEA absorber menjadi model dynamic, lalu membuat model kontrol PID, setelah itu melakukan tuning terhadap kontrol PID dan melakukan pengujian terhadap kontrol PID dengan melakukan gangguan pada PV. Hasil dari pengaplikasian sistem kontrol PID maka mendapatkan waktu tercepat dengan nilai Kc = Kc = 0,1, Ti = 0,01, dan Td = 0,00001 dengan waktu 0,510 menit. Kata kunci: Absorbsi, PID, Present Value, Controller
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Ribeiro Tavares, Kássio Samay, Ivanilton José De Oliveira y Patrícia De Araújo Romão. "Adaptação do fator geomorfológico na metodologia de mapeamento da vulnerabilidade à perda de solos". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, n.º 2 (21 de abril de 2022): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.2.p936-959.
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O presente trabalho parte da observação de trabalhos científicos que utilizaram a metodologia de mapeamento da vulnerabilidade à perda de solos de Crepani et al. (2001), e de questionamentos sobre a adaptação ou a falta de fatores de análise que fazem parte dessa metodologia. Com isso, o trabalho propõe a adaptação do fator amplitude altimétrica, substituindo-o pelo modelo HAND. Tendo isso em vista, o objetivo principal do trabalho é propor uma adaptação do fator geomorfológico da metodologia de vulnerabilidade à perda de solos, de Crepani et al. (2001). A metodologia foi dividida em levantamento bibliográfico, processamento de dados altimétricos e compilação de mapas temáticos. Como resultado principal, evidencia-se a resposta coerente obtida pela aplicação com o modelo HAND, bem como dois mapas finais, o de vulnerabilidade natural à perda de solos, fazendo uso do fator vegetação, como evidência da cobertura vegetal, e o de vulnerabilidade ambiental à perda de solos, utilizando-se o mapa de uso e cobertura das terras. A partir disso, foi constatado que a bacia hidrográfica do rio do Peixe apresentou áreas significativas de vulnerabilidade moderadamente estável/vulnerável. Segundo análises, a causa principal desse grau de vulnerabilidade observado são as atividades agropecuárias e o manejo incorreto do solo, aliado a localidades de relevos movimentados, com tipologias de rochas e de solos, específicas. Como considerações finais, é possível dizer que esse trabalho fornece subsídio para aplicação dessa adaptação em outras bacias hidrográficas, podendo também ser acrescentadas análises de fatores socioeconômicos para possíveis estudos de Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico.Palavras-chave: modelo HAND, Vulnerabilidade ambiental e natural, Geomorfometria, dissecação horizontal. Adaptation of the geomorphological factor in the methodology for mapping vulnerability to soil loss A B S T R A C TThe present work starts from the observation of scientific works that used the methodology for mapping vulnerability to soil loss by Crepani et al. (2001), and questions about the adaptation or lack of analysis factors that are part of this methodology. With this, the work proposes the adaptation of the altimetric amplitude factor, replacing it by HAND. With this in mind, the main objective of the work is to propose an adaptation of the geomorphological factor of the methodology of vulnerability to soil loss, by Crepani et al. (2001). The methodology was divided into two fronts, bibliographic survey and data processing through secondary data, compilation of thematic maps. As a main result, it is evident the good response obtained by the application with the HAND model, as well as two final maps, the one of environmental vulnerability to soil loss, using the land use and coverage map and the one of natural vulnerability to loss of soils, making use of the vegetation factor, as evidence of vegetation cover. From this, it was found that the Peixe River watershed presented significant areas of moderately stable/vulnerable vulnerability, which according to the analyzes the main factor of this degree are agricultural activities and incorrect soil management, combined with localities of relief and types of rocks and soils. As final considerations, it is possible to say that this work provides support for the application of this adaptation in other river basins, and socioeconomic factors can also be implemented for possible studies of Economic Ecological Zoning.Keywords: HAND, Environmental and natural vulnerability, Geomorphometry, horizontal dissection.
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Syamsuar, Sayuti. "Analisis Sistem Kendali Terbang dengan Gain Scheduling Pada Pesawat Efek Permukaan". WARTA ARDHIA 43, n.º 2 (31 de diciembre de 2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v43i2.295.141-148.
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This paper provides an overview of the design of adaptive flight control system of wing in surface effect craft Lippisch configuration 8 passengers capacity during cruise in the low speed and low altitude. The control system will be used the control surface, such as elevator deflection as input and pitch angle deflection as output response or by using engine throttle setting as input and others output response in the longitudinal mode. This paper describes some methodologies control system method and analysis such as PID controller system with gain scheduling approach, and root locus method. The observable matrices (4 x 4) on the longitudinal mode that used in the control system became from aerodynamic derivative parameters of 8 seaters configuration that calculated by DATCOM numerical simulation or wind tunnel test result and dummy data.
Kajian ini merupakan rancangan sistem kendali terbang adaptif pada pesawat efek permukaan konfigurasi Lippisch kapasitas 8 orang saat terbang mendatar pada kecepatan dan ketinggian terbang rendah. Sistem kendali terbang yang digunakan, seperti defleksi elevator sebagai input dan defleksi sudut pitch sebagai respon output atau penggunaan defleksi throttle mesin sebagai input dan parameter respon output lain pada gerak matra longitudinal. Kajian menjelaskan penggunaan beberapa metodologi dan analisis sistem kendali terbang adaptif, seperti kontroler PID dengan pendekatan gain scheduling, dan metoda root locus. Matriks ruang keadaan berukuran (4 x 4) pada matra longitudinal yang digunakan pada sistem kendali terbang adaptif diperoleh dari parameter turunan aerodinamika hasil perhitungan numerik DATCOM atau hasil uji terowongan angin dan data dummy.
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Coba D., Sebastián y Alis Pataquiva‐M. "Optimización por la metodología de superficie de respuesta de la fabricación de un material nanoestructurado compuesto de nanohilos de nylon con grafeno". Revista Cientifica TECNIA 27, n.º 2 (4 de abril de 2018): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21754/tecnia.v27i2.175.
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En el presente trabajo se llevaron a cabo dos diseños experimentales para la determinación de las condiciones óptimas de la fabricación de nanohilos de nylon y síntesis de grafeno, para lo cual se obtuvo: 0.68 M de (NH4)2SO4 y 11.45 V; 27 kV, 2.3 mL/h y 11.40 cm de distancia de la aguja al colector (cm); respectivamente. De esta manera, se produjeron electrohilos de nylon y grafeno, ambos de tamaño nanométrico. A partir de estos materiales se preparó un compósito nanohilos/grafeno, a las condiciones óptimas de fabricación. Los materiales obtenidos (nanohilos de nylon, grafeno y compósito) fueron caracterizados morfológica (SEM) y químicamente (FTIR, UV), comprobando su escala nanométrica, grupos funcionales y sus propiedades bloqueadoras de rayos UV. Es así, como este trabajo abre una nueva perspectiva al uso de nylon reciclado para la obtención de hilos electrohilados de diámetro nanométrico que pueden ser funcionalizados, en este caso con grafeno, y exhibir propiedades deseables en industrias tales como la textil, entre otras. Palabras clave.- superficie de respuesta, electrohilado, nanohilos de nylon, grafeno ABSTRACT In the present work, two experimental designs were carried out to find the optimal conditions to manufacture nylon nanowires and to synthesize graphene. The results obtained were: 0.68 M (NH4)2SO4 and 11.45 V; and 27 kV, 2.3 mL / h and 11.40 cm as the distance from the needle to the collector, respectively. This way, nylon nanowires and graphene were produced, both of nanometric size. Using these materials, a nanowire/graphene composite was prepared using optimum manufacturing conditions. The materials obtained (nylon nanowires, graphene and composite) were characterized morphologically (SEM) and chemically (FTIR, UV), verifying their nanometric scale, functional groups and their UV blocking properties. This work opens new perspectives for the use of recycled nylon to obtain electrospinned nano‐fibers that can be functionalized, in this case with graphene, and exhibit interesting properties for industrial applications, such as the fabrication of textile, among others. Keywords.- surface response, electrospinning, graphene, nylon nanofibers.
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Khoshsima, Zhaleh, Amir Abdolah Mehrdad Sharif y Ahmad Akrami. "Optimizing Conditions for Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of the Betulinic Acid, Oleanolic Acid, and Ursolic Acid from the Jujube using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)". Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 67, n.º 1 (9 de enero de 2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v67i1.1862.
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Pentacyclic triterpenic acids have potential effects in treating human diseases. Thus, it seems necessary to have an effective method to extract and separate triterpenic acids from plants and fruits such as jujube. To this end, this study optimized ultrasound-assisted extraction of Betulinic acid (BA), Oleanolic acid (OA), and Ursolic acid (UA) from Iranian jujube using response surface methodology (RSM) and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was used to model the response surface. The selected independent variables were ultrasonic bath temperature (T), sonication time (θ), and liquid to solid ratio (α). The P-value and R-squared (R2) for all extraction efficiencies indicated a good correlation between the experimental results and those predicted by the quadratic model. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results showed the significant impact of linear coefficients (T, θ, α), quadratic coefficients (T2, θ2, α2), and interaction coefficients (Tθ, Tα, θα) of the model on the extraction of three triterpenic acids. The predicted optimal temperature, sonication time, and liquid to solid ratio were 40.34 °C, 34.63 min, and 14.85 mL/g. The maximum yields for BA, OA, and UA were 304.14, 170.61, and 195.23 µg/g, respectively. Extraction was carried out by the calculated rounded up optimal values of T=40 °C, θ=35 min, and α=15 mL/g. The extraction efficiencies for BA, OA, and UA were 303.83±0.85, 169.52±0.86, and 195.84±0.75 µg/g, respectively. These results were comparable to those calculated under model-optimized conditions, indicating the accuracy of our model. Resumen. Los ácidos triterpénicos pentacíclicos tienen potencialmente efectos en el tratamiento de enfermedades humanas. Por ello es necesario disponer de un método eficaz para extraer y separar los ácidos triterpénicos de plantas y frutos como el jujube (Ziziphus jujuba). Con este fin, en este estudio se optimizó la extracción asistida por ultrasonido de los ácidos betulínico (BA), oleanólico (OA) y ursólico (UA) del jujube iraní utilizando la metodología de superficie de respuesta (RSM) y cuantificada por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC). Se utilizó el diseño Box-Behnken Design (BBD) para modelar la superficie de respuesta. Las variables independientes seleccionadas fueron la temperatura del baño ultrasónico (T), el tiempo de sonicación (θ) y la proporción de líquido a sólido (α). El valor P y R-cuadrática (R2) para todas las eficiencias de extracción indicaron una buena correlación entre los resultados experimentales y los predichos por el modelo cuadrático. Los resultados del análisis de varianza (ANOVA) mostraron el impacto significativo de los coeficientes lineales (T, θ, α), los coeficientes cuadráticos (T2, θ2, α2) y los coeficientes de interacción (Tθ, Tα, θα) del modelo en la extracción de los tres ácidos triterpénicos. La temperatura óptima predicha, el tiempo de sonicación y la proporción de líquido a sólido fueron 40.34 °C, 34.63 min y 14.85 ml/g. Los rendimientos máximos para BA, OA y UA fueron 304.14, 170.61 y 195.23 µg/g, respectivamente. La extracción se llevó a cabo mediante los valores óptimos redondeados, T = 40 °C, θ = 35 min y α = 15 ml/g. Las eficiencias de extracción para BA, OA y UA fueron 303.83 ± 0,85, 169.52 ± 0,86 y 195.84 ± 0,75 µg/g, respectivamente. Estos resultados fueron comparables a los calculados en condiciones del modelo optimizado, lo que indica la precisión del modelo propuesto.
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Hernani, Hernani y Winda Haliza. "OPTIMASI KOMPOSISI NUTRIEN UNTUK PEMBENTUKAN KOMPONEN CITARASA PADA FERMENTASI BIJI KAKAO ASALAN (Optimization of nutrient composition during fermentation on unfermented cocoa beans to enchance flavor components production)". Jurnal Penelitian Pascapanen Pertanian 10, n.º 2 (18 de enero de 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jpasca.v10n2.2013.71-82.
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<p>Pengolahan biji kakao tanpa melalui proses fermentasi biasanya disebut sebagai biji kakao asalan. Di Indonesia, petani masih jarang melakukan fermentasi karena harga jual biji fermentasi dan asalan, tidak jauh berbeda. Dengan melakukan fermentasi kembali pada biji kakao asalan menggunakan kultur mikroba sebagai nutrien diharapkan menghasilkan komponen citarasa sama seperti kakao yang difermentasi. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan komposisi substrat atau media tumbuh yang sesuai untuk aplikasi fermentasi biji kakao asalan sehingga akan diperoleh starter kultur mikroba aktif yang dapat menghasilkan karakter citarasa setara dengan biji kakao fermentasi. Metodologi yang digunakan secara response surface method (RSM) terhadap komposisi kultur media yang terdiri dari fruktosa, glukosa, sukrosa dan asam sitrat. Faktor perlakuan fruktosa (x1) dengan batasan 42-62 mg/g, glukosa (x2) 24-41 mg/g, sukrosa (x3) 21-32 mg/g dan asam sitrat (x4) 21-24 mg/g. Dalam setiap perlakuan digunakan 4 kg biji kakao asalan. Hasil respon terhadap senyawa citarasa yang teridentifikasi terdiri dari golongan senyawa pirazin (2,3,5,6 tetrametil pirazin, 2,5 dimetil pirazin), asam butanoat, 2-metoksi fenol, ?-oktalakton, asam lemak (asam palmitat, stearat, cis-vasenat dan 9,12 oktadesenoat). Hasil respon terhadap model senyawa citarasa memberikan signifikansi yang nyata pada senyawa 2,3,5,6 tetrametilpirazin, asam butanoat, 2-metoksi fenol dan ?-oktalakton dan tidak berbeda nyata pada 2, 5 dimetil pirazin.</p><p>Kata kunci :Kakao, fermentasi, asalan (non fermentasi), citarasa, komposisi nutrien</p><p>English Version Abstract</p><p>The processing of cocoa beans whithout fermentation known as non fermented beans. Farmers rarely done fermentation, since the price of fermented and non fermented beans are not much different. By refermentation on unfermented cacao beans using microbes culture as a nutrient, it will be changed the flavor of unfermented cacao beans similar to fermented cacao beans. The present work was conducted to obtain a substrate suitable for long-term application of fermentation which is active microbial starter cultures for fermentation applications on non-fermented cocoa beans that can produce the equivalent character flavor cocoa fermentation. The methodology was used in the response surface method (RSM) on the composition of the culture media consisting of fructose, glucose, sucrose and citric acid. Fructose treatment factors (x1) with limits 42-62 mg/g, glucose (x2) 24-41 mg/g, sucrose (x3) 21-32 mg/g and citric acid (x4) 21-24 mg/g. For every traetment was used 4 kg unfermented cacao seed. The results of flavor response compounds were identified class of compounds, such as pyrazine groups (2,3,5,6 tetramethyl pyrazine, 2,5 dimethyl pyrazine), butanoic acid, 2-methoxy phenol, ?-octalactone, fatty acid (palmitic acid, stearic, cis-vacenic and 9.12 oktadecenoic). Response to the results of the model flavor compounds was gave significance to the compound of 2,3,5,6 tetramethylpirazine, butanoic acid, 2-methoxy-phenol and ?-octalactone and not significantly different at 2, 5 dimethyl pyrazine.</p><p>Keywords : cacao, fermentation, non fermented, fragrance and flavor, nurient composition</p>
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Giroletti, Cristiane Lisboa, Jean Carlo Salomé dos Santos Menezes, Leonardo Dalri-Cecato, Beatriz Lima Santos Klienchen Dalari y Maria Eliza Nagel Hassemer. "TANNIN EXTRACTION FROM GRAPE STEMS THROUGH A SOLID-LIQUID PROCESS: OPTIMIZING EFFICIENCY BY APPLYING THE RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY / EXTRAÇÃO DE TANINO DO CAULE DA UVA POR MEIO DE UM PROCESSO SÓLIDO-LÍQUIDO: OTIMIZANDO A EFICIÊNCIA APLICANDO A METODOLOGIA DE SUPERFÍCIE DE RESPOSTA". Brazilian Journal of Development 7, n.º 3 (2021): 28894–914. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv7n3-554.
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Victor, Hans y Maelita Ramdani Moeis. "OPTIMASI PROSES UNTUK EKSPRESI GEN ENDOGLUKANASE DARI Bacillus sp. RP1 OLEH Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)/ egc". Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia (JBBI) 5, n.º 1 (11 de junio de 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jbbi.v5i1.1769.
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Process Optimization for Endoglucanase Gene Expression Derived from Bacillus sp. RP1 by Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3)/egcABSTRACTCellulases are one of the most used enzymes in industrial processes. In an effort to increase production, industries have developed strategies such as isolating new cellulase producing strains, genetic engineering and process optimization since the last 50 years. One endoglucanase producing strain, Bacillus sp. RP1 was isolated from hot springs. The ribosome binding site and coding sequence of the endoglucanase gene (egc) from Bacillus sp. RP1 was cloned into pGEM-T Easy. The recombinant plasmid was used to transform E. coli BL21 (DE3). Cloning was followed by process optimization. Medium composition was selected using Plackett-Burman design. The medium components tested were rice hull, molasses, ammonium chloride, urea and fishmeal. Rice hull and molasses were found to be the factors most influencing enzyme activity and dry cell weight, respectively. The next step involved Box-Behnken method and response surface methodology to optimize the responses against molasses concentration, rice hull concentration and fermentation time. The concentration intervals used to test were 1%, 5.5% and 10% while the fermentation time used were 24, 36 and 48 hours. The conditions which optimized both enzyme activity and dry cell weight were 7.45% molasses, 6.45% rice hull and 39.52 hours of fermentation.Keywords: Bacillus sp. RP1, E. coli BL21 (DE3), egc, Endoglucanase, optimization ABSTRAKSelulase adalah salah satu enzim yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai industri. Sebagai upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan, 50 tahun terakhir dikembangkan beberapa strategi untuk meningkatkan produksi selulase yang mencakup rekayasa genetika dan optimasi proses. Karena itu, dilakukan kloning gen egc dan RBS yang berasal dari Bacillus sp. RP1 yang diisolasi dari sumber air panas ke dalam vektor pGEM-T Easy. E. coli BL21 (DE3) ditransformasikan dengan vektor yang mengandung gen egc tersebut. Setelah kloning, optimasi proses berupa desain medium turut dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan ekspresi gen egc. Desain medium diawali dengan seleksi komposisi medium menggunakan metode Plackett-Burman. Komponen medium yang diuji adalah kulit beras, molase, amonium klorida, urea dan tepung ikan. Kulit beras dan molase diperoleh sebagai bahan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas enzim dan berat kering sel. Tahap selanjutnya melibatkan metode statistik Box-Behnken dan metodologi respons permukaan yang bertujuan mengoptimalkan respons aktivitas enzim dan berat kering sel terhadap konsentrasi molase, konsentrasi kulit beras dan lama fermentasi. Konsentrasi yang diuji adalah 1%, 5,5% dan 10%, sedangkan lama fermentasi yang diuji adalah 24, 36 dan 48 jam. Konsentrasi optimal molase adalah 7,45% dan konsentrasi optimal kulit beras adalah 6,45% dengan lama fermentasi optimal 39,52 jam.Kata Kunci: Bacillus sp. RP1, E. coli BL21 (DE3), egc, Endoglukanase, optimasi
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Costa, Diego De Mendonça. "Levantamento de Indicadores Socioambientais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Irituia, Pará: uma Contribuição para a Gestão de Recursos Hídricos na Amazônia Legal Brasileira". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, n.º 3 (13 de junio de 2022): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.3.p1213-1228.
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Socio-environmental inequalities resulting from the inefficiency of the water management models instituted in the Brazilian Legal Amazon compromise biomes and local populations on a daily basis. Based on this context, the objective of this paper was to draw a profile of the current reality of the Irituia River watershed, located in the Northeast of the state of Pará, through a survey of socio-environmental indicators, in order to contribute to discussions about planning, management and water governance in the Amazon region. The methodology used was the Technique of Performance Scale (TED) adapted for watershed analysis. After evaluating nine pressure/impact indicators and three impact/response indicators, it was found that the basin is exposed to high levels of pressure and socio-environmental impact and has low levels of positive responses to such stimuli. It was concluded that there is a need to encourage the implementation of legal instruments and public actions that safeguard the natural characteristics of the springs belonging to the basin, ensure the provision of quality sanitation and supply services to the local population and encourage their effective participation in the management of its waters.Keywords: Amazon; water management; sustainable development; socio-environmental impacts. Levantamento de Indicadores Socioambientais da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Irituia, Pará: uma Contribuição para a Gestão de Recursos Hídricos na Amazônia Legal BrasileiraR E S U M OAs desigualdades socioambientais provenientes da ineficiência dos modelos de gestão hídrica instituídos na Amazônia Legal brasileira comprometem diariamente biomas e populações locais. Baseando-se neste contexto, objetivou-se traçar um perfil da atual realidade da bacia hidrográfica do rio Irituia, situada no Nordeste do estado do Pará, através do levantamento de indicadores socioambientais, com o intuito de contribuir para as discussões acerca de planejamento, gestão e governança hídrica na região amazônica. Trabalhou-se com a metodologia da Técnica da Escala de Desempenho (TED) adaptada para a análise de bacias hidrográficas. Como resultados, após a avaliação de nove indicadores de pressão/impacto e três indicadores de impacto/resposta, constatou-se que a bacia encontra-se exposta a altos níveis de pressão e de impacto socioambientais e possui baixos níveis de respostas positivas a tais estímulos. Concluiu-se que existe a necessidade de incentivar a implementação de instrumentos legais e ações públicas que salvaguardem as características naturais dos mananciais pertencentes à bacia, assegurem a prestação de serviços de saneamento e abastecimento de qualidade para as populações locais e que estimulem a participação efetiva destas na gestão de suas águas.Palavras-chave: Amazônia; gestão hídrica; desenvolvimento sustentável; impactos socioambientais.
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Deodoro, Sandra Cristina, Marcos Antônio Timbó Elmiro, Ricardo Alexandrino Garcia, Plinio Da Costa Temba y William Zanete Bertolini. "Classificação e mapeamento da textura superficial do solo a partir de dados de sensoriamento remoto e análise discriminante, na região de Volta Grande do Rio Uruguai – Brasil". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, n.º 1 (2 de febrero de 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.1.p340-356.
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Medir e avaliar componentes e propriedades de solo são geralmente procedimentos que envolvem custo e consumo de tempo. A escassez de amostragem de dados em campo é geralmente compensada por resultados de predição e modelagem cujos procedimentos são conhecidos como mapeamento preditivo de solo. O objetivo deste trabalho é obter um mapa da textura superficial do solo na região de Volta Grande do Rio Uruguai (SC/RS-Brasil) por meio de amostragem granulométrica (44 pontos), reflectância espectral do solo (141 pontos) no sensor MSI (Sentinel-2), modelagem estatística preditiva (Análise Discriminante) e interpolação (IDW). A metodologia aplicada baseia-se na obtenção de funções discriminantes para aplicação de um classificador estatístico que, a partir dos dados espectrais de solo, seja capaz de discriminar a textura em areia, silte e argila. Os resultados da análise discriminante mostraram que (i) a textura do solo foi classificada no modelo a uma acurácia de 71% conforme Índice de Kappa; (ii) as frações silte e areia mostraram-se próximas tanto em termos de assinatura espectral como em teores (g/kg) obtidos em laboratório; (iii) houve predomínio de argila corroborando a característica litológica de área basáltica. Por permitir a verificação de quais variáveis independentes (reflectância) mais contribuem para a resposta da variável dependente (granulometria), este método pode ser útil para indicar as faixas espectrais que podem ser usadas na aplicação de uma técnica de regressão para predição granulométrica.Classification and Mapping of the surface-based soil texture through Remote Sensing Data and Discriminant Analysis in the region of Volta Grande do Rio Uruguai – BrazilA B S T R A C TMeasuring and evaluating soil components and properties are often costly and time-consuming procedures. Prediction and modelling, whose procedures are known as predictive soil mapping, are useful for solving the lack of field data sampling. The objective of this work is to map the surface-based soil texture in the region of Volta Grande do Rio Uruguay (SC / RS-Brazil) by using soil particle-size sampling (44 points) or soil granulometry, soil spectral reflectance (141 points) in the MSI sensor (Sentinel-2), predictive statistical modelling (Discriminant Analysis) and IDW interpolation. The methodology aims to find discriminant functions to obtain a statistical classifier that, based on soil spectral data, is able to discriminate the soil texture (surface-based) in terms of sand, silt and clay. The results showed that (i) the statistical model classified the soil texture at an accuracy of 71% according to the Kappa Index; (ii) silt and sand were similar both in terms of spectral signature and of content (g/kg); (iii) there was a predominance of clay corroborating the lithological characteristic of the basaltic area. Discriminant Analysis provides a basis to identify which independent variables (reflectance) contribute most to the response of the dependent variable (soil texture). Thus, the studied method can be useful to indicate the spectral ranges in regression models for predicting soil texture at locations not sampled.Keywords: multivariate statistics, spectral, soil particle size, Sentinel-2, interpolation.
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Augusto, Rafael Cardão, Carla Bernadete Madureira Cruz, Vinícius Da Silva Seabra y Jéssica Silva Martins. "Delimitação de Zona Ripária em Planícies através do Índice Normalizado de Diferença da Água (NDWI) e Série Multitemporal Landsat". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, n.º 1 (23 de marzo de 2022): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.1.p234-249.
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As zonas ripárias constituem-se em áreas sazonalmente saturadas, sendo as áreas mais dinâmicas das bacias hidrográficas, determinando o estabelecimento da mata ciliar e possuindo grande importância no equilíbrio natural da bacia. Sua delimitação possui uma literatura consolidada em áreas declivosas e pequenas bacias, porém é ainda abstrata e carece de métodos em áreas planas. O presente trabalho propõe a delimitação de zonas ripárias em áreas de planícies, através de modelagem multitemporal que considera o máximo valor do índice NDWI por pixel na série histórica de imagens do satélite Landsat, apresentando também um estudo de caso aplicado às bacias hidrográficas dos rios Macacu e Caceribu, no estado do Rio de Janeiro. A metodologia encontra-se em consonância com o conceito da máxima superfície de inundação em 50 anos como critério de definição da zona ripária e com diversas aplicações do NDWI para identificação de solos úmidos relacionados a dados pluviométricos. Os resultados constataram que somente uma área de 62% da planície em tais bacias é sazonalmente alagável, ao invés de sua totalidade, com o índice apresentando coerência em sua resposta, delimitando como áreas úmidas as menos elevadas e mais próximas aos rios.Palavras-chave: sensoriamento remoto, áreas úmidas, índices espectrais, análise temporal. Delineation of riparian zones in plains using the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) and Landsat multitemporal series A B S T R A C TThe riparian zones are constituted in seasonally saturated areas, being the most dynamic areas of the hydrographic basins, determining the establishment of the riparian forest and having great importance in the natural balance of the basin. Its delimitation has a consolidated literature in sloping areas and small basins, however it is still abstract and lacks methods in flat areas. The present work proposes the delimitation of riparian zones in plains areas, through multitemporal modeling that considers the maximum value of the NDWI index per pixel in the historical series of images from the Landsat satellite, also presenting a case study applied to the hydrographic basins of the Macacu rivers and Caceribu, in the state of Rio de Janeiro. The methodology is in line with the concept of maximum flood surface in 50 years as a criterion for defining the riparian zone and with several applications of NDWI for the identification of wet soils related to rainfall data. The results found that only an area of 62% of the plain in such basins is seasonally floodable, instead of its totality, with the index showing consistency in its response, delimiting the lowest and closest to the rivers as wet areas.Keywords: remote sensing, wetlands, spectral index, temporal analysis.
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De Antueno, Lucía, Fernanda J. Gaspari y Adriana Guzmán Guaraca. "Análisis del efecto del cambio en el uso del suelo sobre el escurrimiento en la cuenca alta del río Sauce Chico, Argentina". Revista Estudios Ambientales - Environmental Studies Journal 8, n.º 1 (9 de julio de 2020): 20–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.47069/estudios-ambientales.v8i1.659.
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Los cambios de cobertura y uso del suelo son reconocidos como una de las principales influencias en la dinámica hídrica superficial. La modelización hidrológica permite comparar los escenarios pluviales y de cambio de uso del suelo en cuencas hidrográficas. El objetivo propuesto fue analizar el efecto de la cobertura y uso del suelo sobre la generación de escorrentía en la cuenca alta de río Sauce Chico (CARSCH), Argentina. Se desarrolló una metodología geoespacial de análisis de la situación morfométrica como herramienta de base para la modelización hidrológica, que se realizó en HEC-HMS 4.2 aplicando el modelo Número de curva (NC) para un evento pluvial extremo y otro modal con fines de comparación de la respuesta de la cuenca. La zonificación de la cobertura vegetal se definió a través de un geoprocesamiento digital, para cuatro escenarios de uso de suelo, considerándolos como representativos de una tendencia de cambio espacio temporal. Al analizar los resultados se determinó que el mayor volumen escurrido y caudales máximos en tormentas extremas se generan en áreas serranas, mientras que ante eventos modales los máximos se registran en zonas de lomadas. Además, los resultados revelan que el cambio en el uso del suelo tiene una influencia más significativa en el comportamiento de los caudales ante la ocurrencia de eventos de precipitación modal, que de eventos extremos. Concluyendo, el avance de la antropización en la CARSCH generó una mayor producción de caudales ante eventos pluviales. La modelación hidrológica proporcionó información de la interacción entre el uso del suelo y el efecto de la erosividad pluvial con el fin de proyectar y pronosticar la influencia sobre la escorrentía superficial según el uso del suelo a nivel geoespacial.
Abstract
Changes in coverage and land use are known as one of the main influences on surface water dynamics. Hydrological modeling is a tool for comparing rainfall and land use change scenarios in river basins. The purpose was to analyze the effect of land use and cover in the generation of runoff in the upper basin of Sauce Chico river (CARSCH), Argentina. A geospatial methodology of morphometric situation analysis was developed as a basic tool for hydrological modeling, which was carried out in HEC-HMS 4.2, applying the curve number (NC) model for an extreme rainfall event and another modal for comparison purposes of the response of the basin. The zoning of the vegetation cover was defined through a digital geoprocessing, for four scenarios of land use, considering them as representative of a trend of temporal space change. When analyzing the results according to rainfall events and land cover and use, it was determined that the highest drained volume and maximum flows in extreme storms is generated in mountain areas, while for modal events, the maximum is recorded in hill areas. In addition, the results reveal that the change in land use has a more significant influence on the behavior of flows in the event of modal precipitation events, rather than extreme events. In conclusion, the advance of the anthropization in the CARSCH generated a greater production of flows due to rain events. Hydrological modeling provided information on the interaction between land use and the effect of rainfall erosion in order to project and predict the influence on surface runoff according to land use at the geospatial level.
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Souza Júnior, Teobaldo Gabriel de, Ana Célia Maia Meireles, Carlos Wagner Oliveira, Francisco José de Paula Filho, Jorge Marcell Coelho Menezes y Basílio Silva Neto. "Inferência sobre a perda histórica da qualidade da água de um açude urbano utilizando o sensoriamento remoto". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, n.º 5 (30 de septiembre de 2021): 3138. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.5.p3138-3355.
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Embora seja a área que detenha a menor parcela dos recursos hídricos do país, o semiárido brasileiro evidencia casos de descuido com esse valioso elemento. Assim, a presente investigação propôs realizar estudo sobre a perda da qualidade da água do açude Senador Epitácio Pessoa (Açude Grande), relacionando sua histórica degradação ao crescimento da cidade de Cajazeiras-PB, onde está localizado. O objetivo do artigo foi demonstrar, mediante exemplo concreto, a possibilidade de se inferir sobre a qualidade da água superficial lançando mão de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto comparadas à realidade constatada no campo. A principal metodologia empregada foi o uso dos Coeficientes de Determinação Linear (R²) e de Correlação de Pearson (ρ) entre o Índice de Estado Trófico para Reservatórios no Semiárido (IETSA) e a resposta espectral da água captada por meio de satélite, aferidos entre o período chuvoso e o período seco de 2019. Para isso, foram utilizados dados registrados pela série de missões LANDSAT visando, a partir do comportamento do lago, no presente, analisar como este se portou ante as expansões da mancha urbana e populacional. Com os resultados observados concluiu-se que: de acordo com o IETSA o açude encontra-se eutrofizado; existe correlação entre o Índice aplicado e as bandas correspondentes às cores verdes e vermelhas; o crescimento da urbe influenciou diretamente na qualidade da água do açude; e, a partir do Sensoriamento Remoto, é possível deduzir como se dá a evolução temporal da degradação da água superficial de um manancial, podendo o método ser replicado ao obedecer-se as especificidades verificadas in situ. Inference on historical loss of water quality in an urban weir using remote sensing A B S T R A C TAlthough it is the area that holds the smallest portion of the country's water resources, the Brazilian semiarid region shows cases of carelessness with this valuable element. Thus, the present investigation proposed to carry out a study on the loss of water quality in the Senador Epitácio Pessoa weir (Açude Grande), relating its historical degradation to the growth of the city of Cajazeiras-PB, where it is located. The aim of the article was to demonstrate, by means of a concrete example, the possibility of inferring about the quality of surface water, using Remote Sensing techniques compared to the reality found in the water body. The main methodology employed was the use of Linear Determination Coefficients (R²) and Pearson's Correlation (ρ) between the Trophic State Index in Semiarid Reservoirs (TSISA) and the spectral response of water captured by satellite, measured between the rainy and dry periods of 2019. For this, data recorded by the series of LANDSAT missions were used, aiming to analyze, from the lake's behavior, how it behaved before the expansions of the urban and population spot. With the observed results it was concluded that: according to TSISA the weir is eutrophic; there is a correlation between the applied index and the bands corresponding to the green and red colors; the growth of the city directly influenced the water quality of the reservoir; and, from Remote Sensing, it is possible to deduce how the temporal evolution of the degradation of the surface water of a spring occurs, and the method can be replicated by obeying the specificities verified in situ.Keywords: Urban Reservoir, Remote Water Monitoring, Water Pollution.
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Costa, Vanessa Bastos Simões da, Gabriela Macêdo Aretakis de Almeida, Maria das Graças Santos das Chagas y Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça Pimentel. "Indicadores Anatômicos Foliares Como Estratégias de Defesa Contra Elevada Incidência Luminosa (Anatomical Leaves Indicators as Defense Strategies Against High Luminosity)". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 4, n.º 2 (19 de enero de 2012): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v4i2.232733.
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Em ambientes sob elevada incidência de radiação solar, como a caatinga e a restinga, os vegetais buscam minimizar os efeitos danosos de condições estressantes, como a elevada intensidade luminosa, através de ajustes morfoanatômicos nas folhas. Este estudo busca compreender os caracteres morfoanatômicos que podem constituir estratégias de defesa ao excesso de luz incidente na superfície foliar de espécies estabelecidas em locais com elevada intensidade luminosa. Foram selecionadas duas áreas, uma com vegetação de caatinga e uma com vegetação de restinga, no Estado de Pernambuco. Em cada bioma, foram selecionadas quatro espécies entre as dominantes, sendo coletadas folhas para confecção de lâminas histológicas semipermanentes seguindo metodologia usual em anatomia vegetal. Na lâmina foliar foram analisadas a área foliar total, a espessura, o comprimento e a largura foliar. Foi obtida a medida da espessura da cutícula, epiderme, definido o grau de sinuosidade das paredes anticlinais, o tipo, a densidade e o índice de estômatos e tricomas. Também foi mensurada a espessura dos parênquimas paliçádico e esponjoso no mesofilo. Espécies de caatinga e restinga apresentam grupos de caracteres morfoanatômicos de adaptação às condições de elevadas incidência luminosa e conseqüente elevada temperatura. Isto permite a permanência dessas plantas em ambientes sob estas condições. A identificação de similaridade de caracteres funcionais em folhas de espécies estabelecidas na caatinga e na restinga sugere o desenvolvimento de caracteres em resposta às condições ambientais.Palavras - chave: Radiação solar, Anatomia foliar, Restinga, Caatinga. Anatomical Leaves Indicators as Defense Strategies Against High Light Incidence ABSTRACTIn environments under high solar radiation, such as caatinga and restinga, the plant minimize the harmful effects of stressful conditions, such as high light intensity, through morphological and anatomical adjustments in the leaves. This study aims to understand the morphological and anatomical features that may constitute defense strategies to excess light incident on the leaf surface species established in sites with high light intensity. We selected two areas, one with caatinga vegetation and restinga in the Pernambuco State. We selected four dominant species in each biome and collected leaves for preparation of histological slides semipermanent following the usual methodology in plant anatomy. In the leaf lamina were analyzed the total leaf area, thickness, length and leaf width. The thickness of the cuticle, epidermis, the degree of sinuosity of anticlinal walls, the type, density and stomatal index and trichomes were defined. The thickness of the palisade and spongy mesophyll were measured. Species of caatinga and restinga show groups of morphological and anatomical features of adaptation to high incidence of light and consequent elevated temperature. This allows the maintenance of these plants in environments under these conditions. The identification of functional similarity of characters in leaves established in the caatinga and restinga suggests the development of characters in response to environmental conditions. Keywords: Solar radiation, Leaf anatomy, Caatinga, Restinga
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Santos, Sindiany Suelen Caduda dos, Edilson Divino de Araújo y Rosemeri Melo e Souza. "Análise dos Tensores Antropogênicos dos Mangues no Complexo Estuarino Real- Piauí-Fundo, sul de Sergipe". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, n.º 3 (20 de julio de 2021): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.3.p1690-1706.
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Os mangues do litoral sul de Sergipe sobrevivem em meio à presença de tensores antropogênicos comprometedores da existência do ecossistema manguezal. Objetiva-se analisar os tensores antropogênicos que afetam os mangues Avicennia schaueriana Stapf. & Leech, Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn.f. e Rhizophora mangle L. e os níveis de vulnerabilidade decorrentes da tensão, no complexo estuarino Real-Piauí-Fundo/ Sergipe. Mediante adaptações na metodologia de Laranjeira e de Oliveira com Melo e Souza, foram determinadas características definidoras da transformação dos mangues. Os tensores foram observados sistematicamente nos estuários inferior, médio e superior, com base na definição prévia de atributos de tensão. Para avaliação conjunta dos tensores, foram determinados pesos e calculado o reescalonamento da vulnerabilidade. Os dados expressos em quadros, gráficos e mapa produzido no ArcGis, revelam: o estuário médio constitui a área de menor tensão antrópica; e o superior a área de maior vulnerabilidade, com a maior parte da faixa de mangues fora dos limites do polígono da Área de Proteção Ambiental do Litoral Sul, quando visualizados os limites da APA e as localidades da pesquisa. A sensibilidade dos estuários inferior e médio, que estão dentro da APA, foi classificada como elevada e moderada, respectivamente, revelando que os mangues do complexo estuarino estão sujeitos aos riscos das ações humanas. Mesmo dentro de um complexo estuarino, os mangues apresentam capacidade de resposta distinta aos tensores antropogênicos e chances significativas de desaparecimento. Analysis of Mangrove Anthropogenic Tensors in the Real- Piauí-Fundo Estuarine Complex, south of Sergipe, Brasil ABSTRACTThe mangroves on the south coast of Sergipe survive amid the presence of anthropogenic tensors that compromise the existence of the mangrove ecosystem. The objective is to analyze the anthropogenic tensors that affect the Avicennia schaueriana (Stapf & Leech), Laguncularia racemosa (L.) C.F. Gaertn and Rhizophora mangle (L.) and the levels of vulnerability resulting from tension, in the Real-Piauí-Fundo/ Sergipe estuarine complex. The tensors were systematically observed in the lower, middle and upper estuaries, based on the previous definition of tension attributes. For the joint assessment of the tensors, weights were determined and the rescheduling of the vulnerability was calculated. The data expressed in charts, graphs and maps produced in ArcGis, reveal: the average estuary constitutes the area with the lowest anthropogenic tension; and the upper one, the most vulnerable area, with most of the mangrove strip outside the limits of the polygon of the Environmental Protection Area of the South Coast, when viewing the APA limits and the research locations. The sensitivity of the lower and middle estuaries, which are within the APA, was classified as high and moderate, respectively, revealing that the mangroves of the estuarine complex are subject to the risks of human actions. Even within an estuarine complex, the mangroves have a different response capacity to anthropogenic tensors and significant chances of disappearance.Keywords: mangrove vulnerability. environmental stressor. mangrove. anthropic actions.
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Gomes, Patrícia Da Silva, João Batista Pereira Cabral, Assunção Andrade de Barcelos, Fernanda Luisa Ramalho, Isabel Rodrigues da Rocha y Waterloo Pereira Filho. "AVALIAÇÃO ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DE CONSTITUINTES OPTICAMENTE ATIVOS E CARACTERIZAÇÃO ESPECTRAL DAS ÁGUAS DE UM RESERVATÓRIO NO CERRADO BRASILEIRO". Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, n.º 5 (29 de agosto de 2022): 2654. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.5.p2654-2670.
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Nas últimas décadas, o uso de geotecnologias tem ganhado destaque como recurso auxiliar na análise da distribuição espacial e temporal da qualidade das águas de rios e reservatórios. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar espacialmente e temporalmente os constituintes opticamente ativos (COAs) representados pelas variáveis: Concentração de Sólidos em Suspensão (CSS), Clorofila-a (Cha) e Transparência da água (Ta), e verificar os comprimentos de ondas mais relevantes em comparação aos (COAs) na água, a partir das respostas espectrais da água e técnicas de Remoção do contínuo do Reservatório de Espora. As coletas de dados foram realizadas em períodos distintos, um chuvoso e outro seco. Foram definidos 33 pontos de amostragem e realizadas duas campanhas de campo, em janeiro de 2018 (verão) e agosto de 2018 (inverno). As variáveis Chl-a, CSS e Ta foram analisadas conforme metodologia de APHA 2005. A reflectância em janeiro variou entre 4,5 a 12 %, com maiores valores entre a faixa de 550 a 600 nm (faixa verde); em agosto, variou entre 3 a 8 %, com aumento entre 400 a 550 nm (faixa do azul). A remoção do contínuo no período de janeiro apresentou duas feições de absorção nos comprimentos de onda de 400 a 590 nm. Em agosto, ocorreu maior reflectância entre as bandas (600 a 850 nm), do vermelho a infravermelho.Palavras-chave: Reflectância da água; Componentes Opticamente Ativos; Espectrorradiômetro; Reservatório. Space-temporal evaluation of optically active constituents and spectral characterization of the water of a reservoir in the brazilian cerrado ABSTRACTIn recent decades the use of geotechnologies has gained prominence as an auxiliary resource in the analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality in rivers and reservoirs. The present work aimed to analyze spatially and temporally the optically active constituents (COAs) represented by the variables: Concentration of Suspended Solids (CSS), Chlorophyll-a (Cha) and Water Transparency (Ta), and to verify the wavelengths more relevant compared to (COAs) in water, from the spectral responses of water and continuum Removal techniques from the Spur Reservoir. Data collection was carried out in different periods, one rainy and one dry. 33 sampling points were defined and two field campaigns were carried out, in January 2018 (summer) and August 2018 (winter). The variables Chl-a, CSS and Ta were analyzed according to the APHA 2005 methodology. The reflectance in January ranged from 4.5 to 12%, with higher values between the range of 550 to 600 nm (green band); in August, it varied between 3 and 8%, with an increase between 400 and 550 nm (blue band). The removal of the continuum in the period of January presented two absorption features in the wavelengths from 400 to 590 nm. In August, there was greater reflectance between the bands (600 to 850 nm), from red to infrared.Keywords: Water reflectance; Optically Active Components; Spectrum-Radiometer, Reservoir.
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Chávez-Valencia, Luis Elías, Claudia Hernández-Barriga y Alejandro Manzano-Ramírez. "Modelación del envejecimiento de los pavimentos asfálticos con la metodología de la superficie de respuesta". Ingeniería, investigación y tecnología, 1 de octubre de 2011, 373–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fi.25940732e.2011.12n4.037.
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Saidina Amin, Nor Aishah y Zaki Yamani Zakaria. "Optimization of Oxidative Coupling of Methane Using Response Surface Methodology". Jurnal Teknologi, 20 de enero de 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jt.v39.470.
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Tindak balas penggandingan beroksida metana (OCM) terhadap mangkin Li/MgO dioptimumkan menggunakan reka bentuk eksperimen daripada perisian Statsoft Statistica versi 6.0. Pemboleh ubah yang di pilih dalam kajian ialah suhu operasi, jumlah kadar aliran suapan per berat mangkin (F/W), dan peratus berat Li yang dimasukkan ke dalam mangkin MgO, manakala penukaran metana, kememilihan C2, dan keberhasilan C2 merupakan sambutannya. Model persamaan diuji menggunakan analisis Anova dengan 99% darjah keyakinan. Metodologi sambutan permukaan (RSM) digunakan bagi menentukan sambutan optimum. Dengan menggunakan analisis varians dan eksperimen tambahan, kejituan model dapat disahkan. Kata kunci: OCM, pengoptimuman, reka bentuk eksperimen, metodologi sambutan permukaan Oxidative Coupling of Methane (OCM) reaction over Li/MgO catalyst was optimized using experimental design from Statsoft Statistica version 6.0 software. The manipulated variables chosen in this study were operating temperature, total flow rate per weight of catalyst (F/W), and weight percent of Li doped into MgO catalyst, whilst methane conversion, C2 product selectivity, and C2 product yield were the responses. The equation model was tested with Anova analysis with 99% degree confidence. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the optimum responses. By means of variance analysis and additional experiments, the adequacy of this model was confirmed. Key words: OCM, optimization, experimental design, response surface methodology
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Torres Celis, David, Daniel Salvador Rodríguez, Roger Baltazar Flores y Raúl Siche. "Optimizing conditions of osmotic dehydration asparagus (Asparragus officinalis), using response surface methodology". Agroindustrial science, 28 de junio de 2013, 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.science.2013.01.01.
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Alberto, Leticia, Mario Sérgio da Luz, Kássia Graciele dos Santos y Mônica Hitomi Okura. "Enhanced solubility of foliar fertilizer via spray dryer: Process analysis and productivity optimization by response surface methodology". Ciência e Agrotecnologia 46 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-7054202246002422.
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ABSTRACT Foliar fertilization is a highly efficient technique of applying needed plant nutrients. During pulverization in the field, the incompatibility between fertilizer and pesticides can cause clogging of the spray nozzles. So, this work aims to improve the solubility of foliar fertilizers to facilitate its application. The effect of airflow, inlet gas temperature, and feed solution flow rate over yield, productivity, solubility, and final moisture were evaluated. The powder solubility was improved because of the capillary effect caused by greater porosity, roughness, and particle agglomeration. The maximum productivity of 0.336 kg/h was obtained at 175 ºC, with a liquid feed of 0.82 L/h and an airflow rate of 1.95 m3/min.
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Baltazar Flores, Roger, Denil Carbajal Mariños, Nilson Baca Rodríguez y Daniel Salvador Rodríguez. "Optimization of the conditions of pectin extraction from lemon rind french (Citrus medica) using response surface methodology". Agroindustrial science, 31 de diciembre de 2013, 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17268/agroind.science.2013.02.01.
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Rossetto, Artur da Silva, William Haupt y Luiz Airton Consalter. "Otimização e análise dos parâmetros de usinagem por eletroerosão na rugosidade superficial do aço AISI P20". Matéria (Rio de Janeiro) 27, n.º 3 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-7076-rmat-2022-0019.
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RESUMO Esta pesquisa experimental tem como objetivo analisar a influência dos parâmetros elétricos da usinagem por eletroerosão (EDM – Electrical Discharge Machining) na rugosidade média (Ra) do aço AISI P20, o qual é vastamente utilizado na indústria de moldes para injeção de termoplásticos. Também é proposto neste estudo a otimização destes parâmetros para a obtenção da rugosidade superficial pretendida ao material. O planejamento e os resultados estatísticos foram obtidos através da metodologia de design de experimento (DOE – Design Of Experiments). Utilizou-se do software Statistica para criar gráficos e tabelas de análise baseados na metodologia de superfície de resposta (RSM – Response Surface Methodology). A análise dos resultados mostrou que a duração do pulso de descarga (Ton) e a intensidade da corrente elétrica são os parâmetros de maior efeito para a rugosidade superficial. Baseados em outros trabalhos sobre EDM, a análise estatística apresentou resultados em conformidade quanto a influência dos fatores. O gráfico de otimização indicou coerentemente os níveis adequados de ajuste dos parâmetros para a obtenção da variável resposta desejável. Pode-se constatar nesta pesquisa em específico, quais são os parâmetros elétricos significativos para a rugosidade superficial média, sendo o seu conhecimento e controle, fundamentais para a otimização do processo. As técnicas estatísticas apresentaram-se como ferramentas muito úteis para o domínio da tecnologia industrial, principalmente em casos onde há necessidade do ajuste de muitos fatores, gerando previsibilidade, economia, agilidade e confiabilidade ao processo.
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Martínez-Mendoza, Iván, Adán Valles y Jaime Sánchez-Leal. "Metodología de superficie de respuesta dual con variables de ruido cualitativas". Revista de Ingeniería Industrial, 31 de diciembre de 2020, 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35429/jie.2020.13.4.13.18.
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The application of the response surface methodology in the optimization of industrial processes has had a great boom in recent decades, however, with a significant limitation, the null inclusion of qualitative factors in the noise variables. Since the methodology assumes the behavior of the noise factors as a continuous behavioral variable that follows a normal distribution. But what happens if this is not the case? How to treat a qualitative noise factor? What probability distribution would best fit the qualitative noise factor? What would be the correct inclusion of this type of noise factor in the methodology? This article summarizes the four-year research work from the mathematical approach to the new equations, case simulations using mathematical software and 2 real cases in maquiladora plants that manufacture plastic parts.
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Hernández-Ménez, Diego Fabián, Iván Félix-González, José Hernández-Hernández y Agustin Leobardo Herrera-May. "Methodology for the structural analysis of a main deck of FPSO vessel supporting an offshore crane". Revista UIS Ingenierías 22, n.º 1 (27 de diciembre de 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v22n1-2023001.
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Offshore cranes placed on the surface of Floating Production Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels affect the structural response of their main decks, which can alter the safe operation of the FPSO vessels. Generally, classification societies rules are used to predict the structural strength of the main deck of FPSO vessels. However, these classification societies rules are limited to estimate the variation of the structural performance of the main deck caused by the operation of offshore cranes under different hydrodynamic conditions. Here, we present a methodology to determine the alteration of the structural behavior of a main deck of FPSO vessel due to different operation conditions of a board offshore crane. This methodology considers the hydrodynamic response for two ultimate limit states: operating and storm conditions from 1000 m water depth in Gulf of Mexico with a return period of 10 and 100 years, respectively. The methodology includes finite element method (FEM) models of the main deck supporting an offshore crane to predict its structural response. The maximum von Mises stress of the main deck does not overcome its maximum permissible stress, which allows a safe operation of the FPSO crane. The proposed methodology can be used to estimate the structural behavior of main decks of FPSO vessels that are modified for supporting offshore cranes, regarding the hydrodynamic response for each FPSO under the operation and extreme conditions in its location. Thus, naval designers could select the better structural modifications of the main decks that decrease their costs of construction and maintenance.
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De Carvalho, Hudson, Darlisson S. N. Silva, Ronaldo C. Coelho, Rafael do N. Oliveira, Tasso A. Fortes, Tiago L. S. Coelho, Jarbas Soares de M. Júnior y Naise M. C. Silva. "Application of Response Surface Methodology and Simplex-Centroid Design to Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Avocado (Persea americana) Using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry". Revista Virtual de Química, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20220134.
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Espínola Lozano, Francisco, Diego G. Fernández Valdivia y Manuel Moya Vilar. "The influence of different technological co-adjuvants on the quality and yield of virgin olive oil using response surfaces methodology". Grasas y Aceites 59, n.º 1 (18 de febrero de 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.2008.v59.i1.488.
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