Tesis sobre el tema "Responsabilità amministrativa degli amministratori"
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Speciale, Andrea <1995>. "La crescita degli investimenti responsabili in Giappone: analisi dei motori amministrativi e finanziari". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16727.
Texto completoPUGNOLI, CRISTINA. "Reati ambientali e responsabilità amministrativa degli enti". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/42614.
Texto completoROSSI, MASSIMO. "La revoca degli amministratori nella società a responsabilità limitata". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202135.
Texto completoThe Italian regulation of società a responsabilità limitata (“s.r.l.”), contained in Sections 2462-2483 of the Civil Code (as modified by the organic reform of corporations and cooperative companies, pursuant to Legislative Decree No. 6 of January 17th 2003 and subsequent modifications and integrations) regulates a wholly “new” company type with respect to the former model, characterized by the balance between (a) the enduring capitalistic nature of the s.r.l. and (b) a noteworthy relevance of the shareholders’ individuality and of the contractual relationships between them; this balance is expressed, on one hand, by a significant enhancement of the autonomy of the by-laws and, on the other hand, by the particular importance that each shareholder has in the corporate organization. Even though the delegating legislature had inserted, among the principles and leading criteria of the legge delega, No. 366, of October 3, 2001, the requirement that the new regulation bring an “autonomous and organic set of rules, also supplementary, shaped on the principle of the central relevance of the shareholder and of the contractual relationships between shareholders” (Section 2, paragraph 1, letters e) and f) of the legge delega), it is often pointed out that the new provisions of the Civil Code have missed such target, resulting defective in many aspects. In particular, our thesis – composed by three chapters, preceded by an introduction and followed by a conclusive paragraph – is focused on the study of the regulation of the removal of s.r.l. directors, and starts with the consideration that only the provision of Section 2476, paragraph 3, on “responsabilità degli amministratori e controllo dei soci” (directors’ liability and shareholders’ control), contains an explicit regulation of the termination of the management office, providing that “l’azione di responsabilità è promossa da ciascun socio, il quale può altresì chiedere, in caso di gravi irregolarità nella gestione della società, che sia adottato provvedimento cautelare di revoca degli amministratori medesimi” (the lawsuit aimed at ascertaining the directors’ liability may be brought by each shareholder, who can also claim, in case of grave irregularities, an interim removal of the directors). Being the legislature silent on the matter, we point out the way the twofold problem of the very possibility of a removal of the directors and of the individuation of its regulation has arisen; we note that it would be difficult to argue that the company cannot revoke the management office, being such possibility implicit in the principles that govern every asset management in the interest of a third party. We then raise the question of what is the applicable regulation and we analyze the different solutions that scholars have suggested: we observe that the prevailing doctrine considers analogically applicable – at least when the certificate of incorporation and the by-laws are silent – the regulation of the società per azioni (which allows an ad libitum removal of directors by the shareholders, provided that the directors remain entitled to compensation for damages in absence of cause). However, the abovementioned solution is unsatisfactory and seems incoherent with the general regulation of the new società a responsabilità limitata. Instead, the rules of società di persone (partnerships) – starting from the power of each partner to obtain a judicial removal of the director for cause – might seem analogically applicable. Thus, moving from the analysis of the regulation, the thesis suggests solving the problem of the removal of directors in a way that is coherent with the principles of the “new” s.r.l. and, in particular, with the principles of (a) certainty of law and (b) of the relevance of the shareholders’ individuality and of the contractual relationships between them. Those principles are evident in numerous rules related to the new società a responsabilità limitata, starting from the rules on management and controls, which clearly seem inspired by the società di persone model. Moving from that conclusion, the analysis of the regulation of the nomination of the s.r.l. directors begins in the second chapter, where we point out how all the possible cases can be ascribed to the normative scheme of Section 2259 of the Civil Code (on società di persone). Therefore, we suggest the analogical application of Section 2259. In the third chapter we specifically face the problem of the applicability of Section 2259, paragraph 3, of the Civil Code (pursuant to which each partner can obtain a judicial removal of the director for cause). Indeed, the analogical applicability of that rule seems suggested not only by the previous arguments but also by the provisions of Section 2476, paragraph 3; nevertheless, scholars and courts have raised serious objections to this solution: it has been pointed out that an analogical extension to s.r.l. shareholders of the power to individually ask for a judicial removal of directors encounters an insurmountable obstacle in the provision of Section 2908 of the Civil Code, pursuant to which the judiciary power can create, modify or extinguish juridical relationships only in the “casi previsti dalla legge”. Though, the above argument does not seem crucial. Indeed, there are preeminent opinions favorable to the extensive interpretation and analogical application of the rules on accertamento costitutivo; in fact, since the decision No. 481/2005 of the Corte Costituzionale, several trial court decisions have not even raised the problem of Section 2908 of the Civil Code, while clearly allowing a lawsuit brought by a single shareholder aimed at judicially removing s.r.l. directors. Nevertheless, the interim measure regulated by Section 2476, paragraph 3, of the Civil Code, rises several problems that we analyze in the third chapter of the thesis and that (in brief) are related to: the requirements of the lawsuit, the possibility of bringing it ante causam, the possibility of considering such lawsuit an “anticipatory” instrument, et cetera. For each of these problems, we suggest specific solutions, all coherent with the conclusion of the analogical applicability to s.r.l. of Section 2259, paragraph 3, of the Civil Code. In the conclusive part of the thesis we propose some systematic highlights that, in consideration of the preceding arguments (and, in particular, of the fact that in some cases the legislature seems to abandon the idea of the distinct subjectivity of the corporation with respect to the relationship between shareholders), suggest to reinstate on new basis the distinction between società di capitali (corporations) and società di persone (partnerships). In particular, we suggest to abandon the ancient criterion of the legal entity and to set the difference on the level of share: while, in the società di persone, such participation represents a position that, although characterized by an economic value, expresses the membership in an organization that changes as its owner changes, in the società di capitali such participation has its own economic value, both with respect to the corporation and with respect to its owner. In fact, notwithstanding the new società a responsabilità limitata be characterized by the central relevance of the shareholder, the element of the transferability is still immanent in the content of the share (Section 2469 of the Civil Code); and it is such an important element that, in case the by-laws provide for limits to the circulation of the shares, the legislature gives the shareholders a right of withdrawal.
Forte, Federico <1982>. "La responsabilità degli amministratori di s.p.a. verso la società". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1542.
Texto completoMansoldo, Sofia <1991>. "La responsabilità degli amministratori nella gestione della crisi d'impresa". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/17825.
Texto completoDOLZA, COGNI GIUSEPPE. "La responsabilità penale degli amministratori "non operativi" per i reati fallimentari". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/20253.
Texto completoCadamuro, Giorgia <1988>. "Il D.Lgs. 231/2001: la responsabilità amministrativa degli enti dipendente da reato". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/4374.
Texto completoRosin, Andrea <1983>. "Responsabilità amministrativa dell'ente: il legame tra attività bancaria, reati e segnalazioni". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/14562.
Texto completoIucci, Alessandro. "La gestione delegata: la prestazione gestoria e la responsabilità degli amministratori non esecutivi". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200969.
Texto completoBordin, Andrea <1992>. "La responsabilità amministrativa degli enti ed il modello ex D. Lgs. 231/2001". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/9142.
Texto completoDe, Franchis Umberto <1989>. "Il modello di organizzazione, gestione e controllo nella disciplina della responsabilità amministrativa degli enti". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/3153.
Texto completoConte, Alessandra <1997>. "La responsabilità amministrativa degli Enti, Modello organizzativo 231/2001 e sua applicazione nell'ambito bancario". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/20315.
Texto completoBEVILACQUA, FRANCESCA CHIARA. "La responsabilità amministrativa degli enti ex D.Lgs. 231/2001 e i gruppi di società". Doctoral thesis, Università Bocconi, 2008. https://hdl.handle.net/11565/4051207.
Texto completoLOY, DIEGO. "Abuso di gestione e conflitto di interessi: la responsabilità penale degli amministratori, sistemi a confronto". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/942211.
Texto completoLongo, Giacomo <1995>. "CTU nelle azioni di responsabilità nei confronti degli amministratori: analisi della più recente legislazione e caso pratico". Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/15768.
Texto completoVIOLA, Marco. "Modelli di organizzazione, gestione e controllo e salute e sicurezza nelle PMI: responsabilità penale-amministrativa e responsabilità sociale degli enti. Un'analisi comparata". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/30735.
Texto completoMORGESE, MIRTA. "Il divieto di concorrenza nella società a responsabilità limitata". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/94209.
Texto completoThis research aims at investigating whether ban on competition set by the Italian legal system with regards to members of partnerships (società di persone: art. 2301 Italian Civil Code) and directors of public companies (società per azioni: art. 2390 Italian Civil Code) can be applied to members and directors of limited liability companies (società a responsabilità limitata). The mentioned legal provisions command to said subjects an absolute preclusion to exercise – both on their or a third party’s behalf – activities that would result in a competitive behaviour vis-à-vis the entity they represent; and to acquire a non-limited participation in competing entities. The research question is grounded on the 2003 Reform that eliminated a referral to art. 2390 from the statutes of limited liability companies – the new statutes provide greater voice and control rights for members of such companies, thus rendering non-compete prohibitions inadequate. The new role that is played by LLCs members, on the contrary, justifies an interpretation that makes non-compete statutes applicable to them. LLCs have undergone a continuous reform process (see art. 57 d.l. n. 50/2017 and art. 377 d.lgs. n. 14/2019) that have opened them up to on-the-market financing, and the new Insolvency Code permits an exclusion of LLCs’ members from the management – these trends obviously have an impact on the answers to the research question. The research shows that the issue at stake concerns both LLCs and PLCs – unclear are both the subjective and objective requisites for the application of non-compete statutes, given that unclear are the rationales behind it. The research investigated such rationales, by means of a literature review since the Codice di Commercio dated 1865. The outcome showed how non-compete statutes play both an internal and external role – the former favours an unbiased exercise of directors’ powers while the latter prevents damages that might arise from the abuse of privileged information obtained through the exercise of control powers within a competing entity. The discussion then moves on to the application of non-compete statutes to LLCs’ directors, so to understand whether the aims of the provision can be achieved with respect to said companies. First of all, the research shows how the arguments brought forward by those who oppose an analogical interpretation of PLC’s statutes to LLCs are weak because limited to the consideration that highlights the differences in legal regimes on directors’ conflicts of interests in the two legal models. Indeed, such differences are not grounded on a lesser request of impartiality in their mandate but, rather, on a stronger set of control rights that LLCs’ members enjoy vis-à-vis PLCs’ ones. Having overcome such arguments, the research investigated whether art. 2390 is still applicable to LLCs’ directors, given the new wording of art. 2475 that assigns the management of the corporation to directors only, thus assimilating PLCs’ directors to LLCs’ ones, thus subjecting the latter to the statutes of the former. A distinction was made between organizational and operational direction, arguing that only the former is reserved to directors, while the latter can be exercised by members as well. Likewise, the research showed how such an analogical integration of the legal provisions set for LLCs can be operated only when companies adopt bylaws that allow them to resort to on-the-market financing, even if just sporadically. This outcome helped in showing that the adoption of a legal regime that resembles the one in which non-compete statutes are present cannot alone ground the analogical application of such provisions to the other legal regime. Such an outcome was actually grounded on the observation that no other provisions that protects non-competition interests are present in the statutes of Italian LLCs – this would result in a normative void that legal operators must fill resorting to analogy. Lastly, the research concludes by investigating the application of non-compete statutes to LLCs’ members. The analysis examined the rights and powers enjoyed by LLCs’ members so to understand whether their scope is so broad to (i) assimilate them to partnerships’ members and thus (ii) justify the application of non-compete provisions to them. Given that the scope of such rights and powers does in fact justify a reaction of the legal system, the research continued in the analysis of the current legal system so to verify whether other legal provisions protect LLCs from a conflicting exercise of voice and control rights members enjoy; something absent in the statutes regulating partnerships. The outcome of this prong of research concluded by stating that no other provision shields LLCs from negative interferences in the management of the company, therefore having no rule in place that prevents damages from anticompetitive behaviour to occur. Concluding, the research continued in understanding whether such non-compete statutes are applicable to every member of an LLC or rather only to those who have a take that habilitates them to the exercise of the rights provided for by art. 2479 co. 1 c.c.: The point made is that the statutes should apply to every member. Such a conclusion has no impact on the preferability of LLCs vis-à-vis PLCs given that private autonomy can decide to opt out from the default system. A brief investigation on how bylaws can interfere on the application of non-compete statutes to LLCs members by altering their voice and control rights.
MORGESE, MIRTA. "Il divieto di concorrenza nella società a responsabilità limitata". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/94209.
Texto completoThis research aims at investigating whether ban on competition set by the Italian legal system with regards to members of partnerships (società di persone: art. 2301 Italian Civil Code) and directors of public companies (società per azioni: art. 2390 Italian Civil Code) can be applied to members and directors of limited liability companies (società a responsabilità limitata). The mentioned legal provisions command to said subjects an absolute preclusion to exercise – both on their or a third party’s behalf – activities that would result in a competitive behaviour vis-à-vis the entity they represent; and to acquire a non-limited participation in competing entities. The research question is grounded on the 2003 Reform that eliminated a referral to art. 2390 from the statutes of limited liability companies – the new statutes provide greater voice and control rights for members of such companies, thus rendering non-compete prohibitions inadequate. The new role that is played by LLCs members, on the contrary, justifies an interpretation that makes non-compete statutes applicable to them. LLCs have undergone a continuous reform process (see art. 57 d.l. n. 50/2017 and art. 377 d.lgs. n. 14/2019) that have opened them up to on-the-market financing, and the new Insolvency Code permits an exclusion of LLCs’ members from the management – these trends obviously have an impact on the answers to the research question. The research shows that the issue at stake concerns both LLCs and PLCs – unclear are both the subjective and objective requisites for the application of non-compete statutes, given that unclear are the rationales behind it. The research investigated such rationales, by means of a literature review since the Codice di Commercio dated 1865. The outcome showed how non-compete statutes play both an internal and external role – the former favours an unbiased exercise of directors’ powers while the latter prevents damages that might arise from the abuse of privileged information obtained through the exercise of control powers within a competing entity. The discussion then moves on to the application of non-compete statutes to LLCs’ directors, so to understand whether the aims of the provision can be achieved with respect to said companies. First of all, the research shows how the arguments brought forward by those who oppose an analogical interpretation of PLC’s statutes to LLCs are weak because limited to the consideration that highlights the differences in legal regimes on directors’ conflicts of interests in the two legal models. Indeed, such differences are not grounded on a lesser request of impartiality in their mandate but, rather, on a stronger set of control rights that LLCs’ members enjoy vis-à-vis PLCs’ ones. Having overcome such arguments, the research investigated whether art. 2390 is still applicable to LLCs’ directors, given the new wording of art. 2475 that assigns the management of the corporation to directors only, thus assimilating PLCs’ directors to LLCs’ ones, thus subjecting the latter to the statutes of the former. A distinction was made between organizational and operational direction, arguing that only the former is reserved to directors, while the latter can be exercised by members as well. Likewise, the research showed how such an analogical integration of the legal provisions set for LLCs can be operated only when companies adopt bylaws that allow them to resort to on-the-market financing, even if just sporadically. This outcome helped in showing that the adoption of a legal regime that resembles the one in which non-compete statutes are present cannot alone ground the analogical application of such provisions to the other legal regime. Such an outcome was actually grounded on the observation that no other provisions that protects non-competition interests are present in the statutes of Italian LLCs – this would result in a normative void that legal operators must fill resorting to analogy. Lastly, the research concludes by investigating the application of non-compete statutes to LLCs’ members. The analysis examined the rights and powers enjoyed by LLCs’ members so to understand whether their scope is so broad to (i) assimilate them to partnerships’ members and thus (ii) justify the application of non-compete provisions to them. Given that the scope of such rights and powers does in fact justify a reaction of the legal system, the research continued in the analysis of the current legal system so to verify whether other legal provisions protect LLCs from a conflicting exercise of voice and control rights members enjoy; something absent in the statutes regulating partnerships. The outcome of this prong of research concluded by stating that no other provision shields LLCs from negative interferences in the management of the company, therefore having no rule in place that prevents damages from anticompetitive behaviour to occur. Concluding, the research continued in understanding whether such non-compete statutes are applicable to every member of an LLC or rather only to those who have a take that habilitates them to the exercise of the rights provided for by art. 2479 co. 1 c.c.: The point made is that the statutes should apply to every member. Such a conclusion has no impact on the preferability of LLCs vis-à-vis PLCs given that private autonomy can decide to opt out from the default system. A brief investigation on how bylaws can interfere on the application of non-compete statutes to LLCs members by altering their voice and control rights.
Compostella, Roberto. "Diritto penale ed intelligenza artificiale: il caso delle auto a guida autonoma". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/315957.
Texto completoCompostella, Roberto. "Diritto penale ed intelligenza artificiale: il caso delle auto a guida autonoma". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/315957.
Texto completoVACONDIO, LORENZA. "La delega di funzioni nel diritto penale. Dalla responsabilità dell'individuo alla colpa di organizzazione". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1058353.
Texto completoDucci, Duccio Ruben. "L'appropriazione di corporate opportunities da parte di amministratori di società: tests giurisprudenziali e definizione della fattispecie". Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200799.
Texto completoPELLEGATTA, STEFANO. "La solidarietà passiva nel diritto degli affari: nuovi profili applicativi". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/20370.
Texto completoGARAGIOLA, AGOSTINO. "Le misure cautelari interditive nel processo a carico degli enti ai sensi del D.Lgs. 8 giugno 2001 n. 231". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/29793.
Texto completoBAZZANI, MATTEO. "Imputazione individuale e attuazione solidale della responsabilità dei membri del consiglio di amministrazione di s.p.a. nei confronti della società". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/209.
Texto completoThis thesis provides an analysis of the pertinent aspects of the liability of corporate directors for breach of their fiduciary duties in case of collegial functioning of an Italian s.p.a.'s board of directors. The liability of the directors must be determined on an individual basis and whether they are exculpated from liability for a breach of their duties can vary for each director based on his specialized skills and on the role he plays in the board (independent director, president, member of a committee), regardless of the entering of the dissent from the board's action into the corporate records. The liability is joint and several where two or more directors jointly participate in the same breach of a fiduciary duty with a right of contribution inter se. The corporation ( S.P.A. ) may waive to the protection secured by the joint and several liability rule either (i) by opting for a proportional liability regime with respect to the directors' liability vis-a-vis the corporation and except for the cases of directors' fraud or gross negligence or (ii) by entering into partial settlements with one director (or more directors) for the portion of the damage attributable to his (or their) personal fault.
BAZZANI, MATTEO. "Imputazione individuale e attuazione solidale della responsabilità dei membri del consiglio di amministrazione di s.p.a. nei confronti della società". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/209.
Texto completoThis thesis provides an analysis of the pertinent aspects of the liability of corporate directors for breach of their fiduciary duties in case of collegial functioning of an Italian s.p.a.'s board of directors. The liability of the directors must be determined on an individual basis and whether they are exculpated from liability for a breach of their duties can vary for each director based on his specialized skills and on the role he plays in the board (independent director, president, member of a committee), regardless of the entering of the dissent from the board's action into the corporate records. The liability is joint and several where two or more directors jointly participate in the same breach of a fiduciary duty with a right of contribution inter se. The corporation ( S.P.A. ) may waive to the protection secured by the joint and several liability rule either (i) by opting for a proportional liability regime with respect to the directors' liability vis-a-vis the corporation and except for the cases of directors' fraud or gross negligence or (ii) by entering into partial settlements with one director (or more directors) for the portion of the damage attributable to his (or their) personal fault.
SARACENI, BARBARA. "La revoca dell’amministratore di s.r.l. a confronto con l’ordinamento tedesco". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/202141.
Texto completoThe purpose of this legal research is the examination of the discipline of the director’s revocation of Italian limited Company “s.r.l.”, regulated by art. 2476 Italian Civil Code, after the corporate reform of 2003. Such a matter has been subject of numerous interpretations by the Doctrine and Jurisprudence, as it raises many systematic problems not yet resolved. The Art. 2476 c.c. is one of the most controversial points of Italian corporate law; the legislator of the reform, in order to maintain the s.r.l. autonomy, has joined more legal institutions in the same article, with the intention of emphasizing the partner’s figure in the social contract, the organization and management of company. Making a parallel with the same German rules, more detailed and more systematic than the Italian ones, it is possible to notice some key differences and thus take any possible ideas for future reforms. The thesis consists of six chapters. The first chapter (“Historical and normative context”) is dedicated to the introduction of the birth of “s.r.l.” and the “GmbH”. After a brief history, there is a general comparison between the company types of two different systems, analyzing the salient features of both the company reforms: the Italian one, relative to s.r.l., in 2003; the German one, relative to the GmbH, in 2008 (the so-called Law MoMiG), with particular care of the responsibility in both the legal systems. The topic of the second chapter (“Directors’ duties and responsibilities”) is the issue of legal responsibility management activity, which plays a key role in the governance of Italian and German limited liability company and it is prodromal to remove the director from his office, if he’s soiled himself with acts of mismanagement. There is an overview of the ABSTRACT II Art. 2476, comma 1, c.c. with respect s.r.l. and § 46 GmbHG of the German system, analyzing the directors’ duties, diligence executable and the legal consequences of their violation. The third chapter (“Partner’s control rights”) is dedicated to information and consulting rights granted to the s.r.l. and GmbH partners, respectively by art. 2476, comma 2, c.c. and by § 51a GmbHG. Italian law sets the topic “Partner’s control right” in the rule with regard to the responsibility and to the removal of the director, who is guilty of acts of maladministration. For s.r.l. a novelty is represented not only by the more wideness of the aforesaid control rights, but above all by the title attributed to each member, regardless of the share capital owned. Therefore the new arrangement of controls predominantly is left to the partner’s individual initiative, approaching the s.r.l. to the model of the individual companies. Here the procedures are analyzed to the exercise of the right to information and consultation of both the partners, s.r.l. and GmbH, even by trusted professionals. The directors’ power, then, is examined to withhold the release of the requested informations, in order to protect the social interest from the disclosure of corporate data deemed private. In the fourth chapter (“The action of social responsibility and the removal of the s.r.l. director”) the liability action is analyzed towards the director, guilty of misconduct, in relation to precautionary action of removal, in conformity with the Art. 2476, comma 3, c.c. In this case the legislator has abolished the previous reference to the s.p.a. and he has introduced “also” the possibility to remove the individual director by a preliminary injunction. Extensive review is dedicated to the director’s diligence and to his exemption of liability, especially with regard to the manifestation of dissent. The same chapter examines the not so peaceful question of the procedural substitution, or if the individual s.r.l. partner acts in the proceedings in his own name, but for a right of the company, that becomes necessary joinder in the liability action. Then, other procedural aspects of the liability action are examined, such as the company possibility to disclaimer or to settle the action, the repayment of the costs of litigation due to the individual partner claimant and the limitation of actions. ABSTRACT III The fifth chapter (“The precautionary action of the s.r.l. director’s removal”) examines the many issues surrounding the precautionary action of the s.r.l. director’s removal, in conformity with the Art. 2476, comma 3, c.c. The s.r.l. director’s removal, in fact, has been inserted by the 2003 reform only as a precautionary measure. In fact, the legislator is silent about the possibility of the director’s removal through extra-judicial remedies, which, however, are analyzed in the search. During the essay one notes that the Art. 2476, comma 3, c.c. is a much debated issue by the doctrine and the jurisprudence, which have highlighted the gaps left open by the provision. In the same chapter there is the review of the conditions of the precautionary action of removal, that is periculum in mora and fumus boni iuris. Then one analyzes the possible relationship between the precautionary action of the s.r.l. director’s removal and the subsequent action for liability, an issue that has generated several lines of thought, conflicting with each other. In addition, there is the examination of the possible introduction of the precautionary measure ante causam, before introducing the action for liability. Finally, one mentions the remote possibility of the director’s removal through the Judge (in conformity with the Art. 2409 c.c.), disappeared after the famous judgment of the Constitutional Court n. 481/2005, which has categorically excluded the applicability of that provision to s.r.l., even to those ones supplied with board of auditors. The last chapter, the sixth (“The GmbH directors’ removal and feedback with the Italian legislation”), relates to the director’s removal in the German law, as regulated by § 38 GmbHG, comparing it with the Italian law. The cardinal principle of the German legislature in terms of the company director’s removal is the directors’ extra-judicial free revocability, with the exception of the restrictions contained in the articles of association. One analyzes the assumptions and mode of the removal procedure, with an emphasis on practical cases. Even the German legal system, like the Italian one, knows the precautionary action of the director’s removal, which is governed by the general provisions regarding the precautionary measures of the ZPO. With regard to arbitration, one analyzes the arbitrators’ power to removal the director with a precautionary measure. Finally, completing the ABSTRACT IV comparison with the German legal system, there are the gaps of the Italian law in terms of director’s removal, highlighting analogies and differences with the matching German rules. In conclusion, attention is drawn, through some examples, to possible changes in Italian legislation regarding s.r.l. according to the GmbH, in order to make effective the protection of partner and creditors of the company, to attract investors and to avoid the dreaded generalized drain to other company models, whether Italian ones or foreigner ones.
Colonnelli, De Gasperis Mattia. "Le azioni correlate.Tracking Stocks". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/3667.
Texto completoIl lavoro ha ad oggetto l’istituto giuridico delle azioni correlate o di settore (già noto e diffuso in ordinamenti stranieri con il nome tracking stocks e tracking shares), introdotto nell’ordinamento giuridico italiano dalla recente riforma di diritto societario al fine di rendere le forme di finanziamento della società per azioni più efficienti, flessibili e maggiormente adatte alle esigenze degli investitori e dei mercati di capitali. Tale strumento di partecipazione azionaria offre l’opportunità di un investimento remunerato secondo la produttività di uno specifico settore dell’attività esercitata dalla società emittente. Ai sensi del novellato art. 2350, comma 2, c.c., le azioni correlate sono, infatti, “azioni fornite di diritti patrimoniali correlati ai risultati dell’attività sociale in un determinato settore”. Lo studio si apre con l’analisi delle ragioni economico-finanziarie sottostanti l’emissione di tracking stocks, soffermandosi sul diversification discount, la corporate governance, l’asimmetria informativa, le operazioni straordinarie di ristrutturazione aziendale, i particolari equilibri nell’ambito di compagini complesse, l’incentivazione ai managers, la predisposizione di poison pills in caso di scalate ostili. Il precedente storico dell’istituto risale al 1984 quando General Motors al fine di acquisire Electronic Data System attribuì agli azionisti di quest’ultima azioni correlate al core business della medesima società acquisita. La prima operazione europea di ammissione alla quotazione di azioni correlate è avvenuta in Francia nel 2000, anno in cui Alcatel S.A. collocava sul premier marchè azioni correlate all’attività della società controllata Alcatel Optronics. In Italia, le tre società chiuse AIMAG S.p.A. (2006), ATAF S.p.A. (2005) e Friulia S.p.A. (2005) e l’investment company quotata Cape Live S.p.A. (2007) hanno emesso azioni correlate. Vengono approfonditi, tra l’altro, l’ambito di applicabilità dell’istituto, con particolare riguardo alla definizione di settore, alle divisional tracking stocks ed alle subsidiary tracking stocks, e la correlazione dei diritti patrimoniali ai risultati di un settore specifico di attività sociale esercitata dall’emittente (correlazione in senso forte, o close tracking, e correlazione in senso debole, o loose tracking), quale elemento minimo e caratterizzante tale categoria azionaria. Si conclude che sul piano strutturale e funzionale il risultato del settore rappresenta il parametro quantitativo, il criterio, relativo o assoluto, fisso o variabile, per il calcolo della parte di risultato di esercizio di spettanza delle azioni correlate. Sono analizzati, poi, i diritti patrimoniali tipici delle azioni correlate, quali il diritto agli utili, la partecipazione alle perdite ed il diritto alla quota di liquidazione, e i diritti amministrativi, quali il diritto di voto in assemblea generale ed in assemblea speciale, anche nel contesto dell’autonomia statutaria. Il lavoro prosegue con la trattazione del tema dell’accertamento del risultato di settore e delle modalità di rendicontazione da inserirsi all’interno dello statuto. Si argomenta che il risultato di settore non può considerarsi concetto giuridico e/o contabile predefinito e non rappresenta il contenuto del diritto patrimoniale dell’azionista, ma solo un parametro di commisurazione dello stesso, in funzione del criterio di correlazione prescelto. Viene trattato, inoltre, il diritto di conversione delle azioni correlate in azioni ordinarie come meccanismo di exit, funzionale a disciplinare la sorte delle azioni correlate al verificarsi di predeterminati eventi o condizioni. Si esaminano le clausole di conversione ricorrenti nella prassi internazionale, di cui si verifica la compatibilità con l'ordinamento italiano. Infine, vengono identificate le nuove criticità di corporate governance cui le azioni correlate danno luogo, come ad esempio le nuove conflittualità orizzontali tra i soci relative all’allocazione di risorse, delle opportunità d’affari (corporate opportunities), delle spese e dei costi comuni. In tale contesto si forniscono alcuni standards di condotta che gli amministratori di società multi settoriali devono seguire, onde evitare di incorrere in responsabilità verso la società, i soci o i creditori sociali. In tale contesto, si parte dalla constatazione di carattere economico per cui l’impresa multi settoriale è accostabile al fenomeno del gruppo di società ovvero dell’imprenditore-persona fisica o comunque soggetto che abbia rilevanti interessi economici in altre imprese, individuali o collettive. E’ interesse comune a tutti gli azionisti sia che la società mantenga un sano equilibrio economico e finanziario sia che la società venga gestita, nel suo complesso, in modo efficiente. Nel caso in cui la società è insolvente perdono tutti i soci. Una gestione economicamente efficiente conduce alla massimizzazione del valore aggregato delle azioni, cui corrisponde la massimizzazione del valore di ciascuna categoria di azioni, cuore della teoria del c.d. shareholder value. In tale prospettiva l'attenzione si sposta necessariamente sulle modalità gestionali. Infatti, tale interesse comune può essere perseguito esclusivamente attraverso una continua e costante azione perequativa da parte degli amministratori volta ad armonizzare ed ottimizzare il funzionamento particolare di ciascun settore con quello degli altri.
XXII Ciclo
1975
RESTELLI, ENRICO RINO. "FINANZIAMENTO DELL'IMPRESA E COAZIONE A SOTTOSCRIVERE. GLI AUMENTI DI CAPITALE IPERDILUITIVI". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/50308.
Texto completoIn publicly traded companies, highly dilutive rights issues create market anomalies throughout the whole offer period, especially with respect to rights prices, which quote considerably below their fair value. As pointed out in Chapter I, these anomalies could cause severe losses to non-subscribing shareholders, inducing them to take part in the operation even if financial perspectives of the company would have suggested otherwise (= enforced subscription mechanism). In order to strike a proper balance of enabling companies to raise new capital while simultaneously protecting investors, company law provides an array of regulatory strategies. In this respect, Chapter II analyzes the prohibition on issuing new shares below par value (art. 47, Directive (EU) 2017/1132) as a means to limit the dilution that can be imposed on non-subscribing shareholders, thus hindering opportunistic behaviors. Similarly, Chapter III examines the function and the contents of managers’ liability to investors (art. 2395 Italian c.c.) and discusses whether, in these operations, the illiquidity of rights’ market can be regarded as a restriction of their pre-emption right, imposing that new shares are always issued at their “real” value (art. 2441, par. 5 - 6, Italian c.c.).
RESTELLI, ENRICO RINO. "FINANZIAMENTO DELL'IMPRESA E COAZIONE A SOTTOSCRIVERE. GLI AUMENTI DI CAPITALE IPERDILUITIVI". Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/50308.
Texto completoIn publicly traded companies, highly dilutive rights issues create market anomalies throughout the whole offer period, especially with respect to rights prices, which quote considerably below their fair value. As pointed out in Chapter I, these anomalies could cause severe losses to non-subscribing shareholders, inducing them to take part in the operation even if financial perspectives of the company would have suggested otherwise (= enforced subscription mechanism). In order to strike a proper balance of enabling companies to raise new capital while simultaneously protecting investors, company law provides an array of regulatory strategies. In this respect, Chapter II analyzes the prohibition on issuing new shares below par value (art. 47, Directive (EU) 2017/1132) as a means to limit the dilution that can be imposed on non-subscribing shareholders, thus hindering opportunistic behaviors. Similarly, Chapter III examines the function and the contents of managers’ liability to investors (art. 2395 Italian c.c.) and discusses whether, in these operations, the illiquidity of rights’ market can be regarded as a restriction of their pre-emption right, imposing that new shares are always issued at their “real” value (art. 2441, par. 5 - 6, Italian c.c.).
BLATTNER, Hans Roderich. "SOCIETÀ A PARTECIPAZIONE PUBBLICA E RESPONSABILITÀ DEGLI AMMINISTRATORI". Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/954832.
Texto completoThis work regards the phenomenon of the Italian “government-owned” companies, with specific reference to the current problems concerning the jurisdiction over the misconducts of the Director of these companies. The first chapter is focused on the examination of the various types of government-owned companies, as the “in house” companies; the “mixed” companies; the listed companies and the companies with a so-called “singular” Statute (as RAI S.p.a., ANAS S.p.a, ENAV S.p.a, Patrimonio dello Stato S.p.a. and ARCUS S.p.a). In particular, after a short overview of the historical evolution of the phenomenon, highlighting its disjointed and fragmentary nature, the analysis of this work is concentrated on the specific characteristics of the abovementioned corporate models and on the relevant copious regulation issued during the years, until the recent entry into force of the “Testo Unico” – September 23rd, 2016 – with d.lgs. n. 175/2016. The second part of the work is dedicated to the notion of “public finance damage” (the so-said “danno erariale”) through the close examination of each constitutive element of the so-said “Public Administration liability” and of all the theories developed to qualify its nature (if a penalty or a compensative one). The last chapter is focused on the study of the case law evolution concerning the jurisdiction over the Director of the government-owned companies whose misconducts have damaged the company assets or the shareholder public authority. In particular, this work concentrates its attention on the analysis of the motivations of the most important pronouncement concerning the abovementioned matter, starting from the popular judicial decision n. 19667/2003 issued by the Italian Corte di Cassazione a Sezioni Unite until the leading cases n. 26806/2009 (that has changed the previous case law, stating, on a general way, the jurisdiction of an ordinary court) and n. 27092/2009 and n. 22683/2013 (concerning the companies with a so-called “singular” Statute and the so-called in house companies, respectively and introducing a principle that, notwithstanding the 2009 case law, has stated the jurisdiction of the Accountant Judge). This work has therefore provided for an incisive analysis of the new art. 12 of the abovementioned d.lgs. 175/2016 that has crystallized, on a regulatory way, the principles concerning the jurisdiction and de facto has created a “double rail" system. In particular, essentially accepting the principles declared by the abovementioned decisions n. 26806/2009 and 22683/2013, this provision has stated the jurisdiction of the ordinary court, in case of damages caused by the Directors of the “government-owned” companies; while the jurisdiction of the Accountant Judge in case of “public finance damage” caused by those conducts that have damaged the shareholder authorities (even in case of negligent exercise of the shareholder’s rights as per civil code) or by the management of the so-said in house companies (as defined by the new art art. 16 of d.lgs. 175/2016). The last paragraphs are therefore dedicated to the study of the principal cases of the so-said “direct” damage suffered by the shareholder authorities (damages to the imagine and damages due to the negligent exercise of the shareholder’s rights by the representatives of the public shareholder authorities) and to the analysis of the thorny issue concerning the jurisdiction of the Accountant judge on those conducts with an entrepreneurial nature made by the Directors of the so-said in house companies.
COLAIUDA, FEDERICA. "La responsabilità amministrativa tributaria degli enti collettivi". Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/939342.
Texto completoCIRCOSTA, ROBERTA. "Il principio di solidarietà nella responsabilità degli amministartori di Spa". Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1320297.
Texto completoIntermaggio, Angela. "Nomina e responsabilità degli amministratori di societàin mano pubblica: note e profili distintivi dal regime generale". Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/101773.
Texto completoSBRANA, ALESSANDRO. "Faculty Development Centri di Professionalità Accademica (CPA)". Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11393/251175.
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