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1
Omoniyi, Emmanuel Oluseyi. "Comparative study of brine treatment using a functionalized nanofibre and an ion exchange resin". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2334.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.In this study, comparative sorption studies of the major metal ions (Mg2+, Ca2+, K+ and Na+) in the brine wastewater were performed on hydrophilic materials (PAN nanofibre, PAN+TiO2 nanofibre, PAN+ZEOLITE nanofibre) and Purolite S950 resin to investigate their uptake performances. For this purpose, PAN nanofibre was electrospun and subsequently doped with 3 wt% each of titanium dioxide and zeolite respectively, in controlled experimental conditions in order to improve its performance. This was followed by the characterization of the respective hydrophilic materials (PAN, PAN+TiO2 and PAN+ZEOLITE nanofibres) using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). SEM showed that the incorporation of titanium dioxide or zeolite into the PAN structure made the surface rougher than that of the ordinary PAN nanofibre and FT-IR revealed the peaks belonging to titanium dioxide and zeolite respectively, showing the inorganic materials are within the PAN structure. The XRD analysis complemented the FT-IR of the nanofibres by revealing the peaks characteristic of titanium dioxide and zeolite are present on the PAN structure.
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Yuan, Hongyu. "Optimization of an Innovative Npu-N Resin Production". The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555591103161637.
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Castro, Rodriguez Mary Elizabeth. "Kinetics and Mechanism of Ion Exchange Process and Resin Deactivation during Ultra-Purification of Water". Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2006. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1479%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.
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Xu, Yue, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty y School of Food Science. "Isolation and characterization of components from whey". THESIS_FSTA_SFS_Xu_Y.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/248.
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The structure, functionality, isolation methods and applications of whey components, particularly the proteins and lactose, have been extensively studied. These studies have had a great impact on the food industry where whey components are increasingly being used as food ingredients. Two generations of whey protein product, namely Lactalbumin, produced by heat-induced precipitation, and Whey Protein Concentration/ Isloate, produced by ultrafiltration/ ion exchange chromatography, have been commercialised. Crystalline lactose in the food and pharmaceutical grades is also being produced. Recently, research activities in whey fractionation have shifted to the isolation of the minor components. This thesis is aimed at developing a Total Whey Utilization strategy by which the several components of the whey stream would be completely recovered by fractionation, resulting in little or no residue to be disposed of in the wastewater stream. Therefore, this study was initially dedicated to the development of novel separation methods which would be suitable for the Total Whey Utilization process. The development of those techniques revealed some previously unknown feature of whey components. The mechanisms of the separation methods have been also investigated. Although crystallization is an efficient method for fractionation or purification, its disadvantage is that the mother liquor is a wastewater containing high salt and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). The chromatographic method has been investigated in this work to separate the mother liquor or permeate into lactose and mineral fractions such that a goal of this thesis, namely a 'clean' water stream after processing whey, can be finally achieved. These studies have focused on the effect of resin type, salt form of the resin and the operating conditions on the separation of the lactose and mineral fraction.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Cony, Stéphanie. "Déconstruction raisonnée par voie enzymatique des hétéroxylanes de la biomasse lignocellulosique et purification éco-compatible des différentes fractions fonctionnelles". Thesis, Reims, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REIMS020.
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Les co-produits agricoles, son et paille de blé, sont riches en arabinoxylanes (AX) qui après hydrolyse peuvent fournir des molécules pour des usages variés: xylo-oligosides (prébiotiques), xylose (xylitol), acide férulique (vanilline, antioxydant). L’étude a visé à mettre en place un procédé intégré et éco-compatible, depuis l'hydrolyse enzymatique des AX du son de blé jusqu'à la purification de l'acide férulique. Des cocktails hémicellulasiques produits par culture de la bactérie Thermobacillus xylanilyticus sur paille ou son de blé et mis en œuvre dans des conditions variées ont permis de libérer des glucides (mono- et oligomères) et de l’acide férulique. Afin d’augmenter la monomérisation, deux nouvelles β-xylosidases ont été produites à partir de T. xylanilyticus et caractérisées. Elles ont été testées pour complémenter des cocktails hémicellulasiques complexes issus de T. xylanilyticus et étudiées en mélange avec une xylanase et une arabinosidase pures. Le choix d’une résine anionique faible sous forme base libre pour séparer les fractions glucidique et phénolique et purifier l’acide férulique s’est également inscrit dans une démarche d’éco-conception : la résine Amberlyst A21 a montré une bonne affinité pour l’acide férulique et sa régénération a libéré une fraction très concentrée. La déminéralisation préalable de l’hydrolysat par électrodialyse a permis d’accroître la capacité de la résine pour l’acide et la pureté de la fraction récupérée, potentiellement cristallisableAgriculture by-products (wheat bran and straw) are rich in arabinoxylans (AX). These polymers composed of a main chain of β-(1,4) linked xylose ramified by arabinose and ferulic acid, are sources of molecules for various applications: xylooligosaccharides as prebiotics, xylose to synthesize xylitol, a non-cariogenic sweetener, or ferulic acid as a precursor of vanillin or an antioxidant molecule for packaging applications. The aim of this work was to set up an eco-friendly process ranging from wheat bran AX hydrolysis to ferulic acid purification.Hemicellulasic cocktails obtained by growing Thermobacillus xylanilyticus on wheat straw or wheat bran were implemented in various conditions. They released a carbohydrate fraction (mono- and oligosaccharides) and ferulic acid. In order to increase the monomerization, two new β-xylosidases were grown from T. xylanilyticus and characterized. They were tested to supplement the complex hemicellulasic cocktails from T. xylanilyticus and studied in mixture with a pure xylanase and a pure arabinosidase.The choice of a weak anionic resin under free base form to separate the glucidic and the phenolic fractions and to purify ferulic acid was also driven by environnement purposes: Amberlyst A21 resin showed a good affinity for ferulic acid and regeneration allowed a concentrated fraction of ferulate to be obtained. Prior demineralization by electrodialysis increased the capacity of the resin for ferulic acid and the purity of the recovered fraction, potentially allowing crystallization
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Xu, Yue. "Isolation and characterization of components from whey". Thesis, View thesis, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/248.
Texto completoResumen
The structure, functionality, isolation methods and applications of whey components, particularly the proteins and lactose, have been extensively studied. These studies have had a great impact on the food industry where whey components are increasingly being used as food ingredients. Two generations of whey protein product, namely Lactalbumin, produced by heat-induced precipitation, and Whey Protein Concentration/ Isloate, produced by ultrafiltration/ ion exchange chromatography, have been commercialised. Crystalline lactose in the food and pharmaceutical grades is also being produced. Recently, research activities in whey fractionation have shifted to the isolation of the minor components. This thesis is aimed at developing a Total Whey Utilization strategy by which the several components of the whey stream would be completely recovered by fractionation, resulting in little or no residue to be disposed of in the wastewater stream. Therefore, this study was initially dedicated to the development of novel separation methods which would be suitable for the Total Whey Utilization process. The development of those techniques revealed some previously unknown feature of whey components. The mechanisms of the separation methods have been also investigated. Although crystallization is an efficient method for fractionation or purification, its disadvantage is that the mother liquor is a wastewater containing high salt and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). The chromatographic method has been investigated in this work to separate the mother liquor or permeate into lactose and mineral fractions such that a goal of this thesis, namely a 'clean' water stream after processing whey, can be finally achieved. These studies have focused on the effect of resin type, salt form of the resin and the operating conditions on the separation of the lactose and mineral fraction.
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Evert, Benjamin J. "Applications of polyhydroxy butyrate bead technology". Thesis, Griffith University, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/411889.
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Recent research into bioengineered polyhydroxy butyrate (PHB) bead technology has resulted in the ability to generate functional polyester nanoparticles and materials with diverse applications across many fields of science. Through protein engineering and by hijacking Escherichia coli as a high yielding cell factory the Rehm lab group has been able to generate hundreds of PHB beads coated in various target proteins for multiple applications. The possible applications of this technology are only limited by our own ideas for targets which can be applied to the PHB bead technology. PHB beads coated in antigenic proteins have been previously developed and used as particulate vaccines in various animal trials. Several other PHB beads have been developed which had demonstrated applications in enzyme immobilisation, bioseperation, diagnostic imaging, drug delivery and bioremediation. The application of PHB bead technology depends on the target proteins designed to coat the surface of the beads. Here I continue exploring novel applications of PHB bead technology bygenerating several novel PHB beads with applications as particulate vaccines and a bioseperation resin which are outlined in this thesis. There are four separate projects highlighted in this thesis, all focused on PHB beads, but each with a different focus and overall aim. The first project I generated several malaria vaccine candidates (Chapter 3 and 4) with the overall aim to generate promising malaria vaccine candidates and highlight the benefits of PHB bead technology as well as explore alternative methods for coating PHB beads with antigenic proteins. Two of the vaccines generated strong immune responses in sheep animal trials and antibodies which were able to inhibit traversal of malaria sporozoites into human hepatocytes. Another vaccine showed promising results in a rat animal trial and will be explored further by future students. The results from this project resulted in one first author manuscript currently submitted for publication and future work to be continued by other students. The second project I generated a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate by using an alternative method of coating PHB beads with the target antigen (Chapter 5). The aim was to fill the unmet need for a rapidly adaptable, scalable, and economically viable vaccine platform technology which could combat the ongoing pandemic and additionally highlight the benefits of a new method for attaching antigenic proteins to PHB beads. This vaccine candidate was combined with six others in two animal trails All six vaccines showed a strong and specific immune response in the first animal study. The two best performing vaccines were assessed by a second animal trial and demonstrated protective immunity in hamsters. The results from this project resulted in a second author manuscript currently submitted for publication.The third project I designed three chikungunya vaccine candidates (Chapter 6). We aimed to generate a chikungunya vaccine candidate that generated a strong and functional immune response and again highlight the benefits of a new method for attaching target proteins to PHB beads. However due to experimental complications and time constraints I was only able to generate one of the three vaccine candidates. This vaccine candidate was characterised and assessed for suitability to be taken into animal trials. The work from this project will be continued by future students. The vaccine candidates will eventually be tested in animal trials. The fourth project I generated three novel bioseperation resins using PHB bead technology (Chapter 7). We aimed to generate a bioseperation resin that was easy to use, improved on current technologies and could be a valuable tool used by scientist in the molecular biology field. The physical and chemical properties of the resin was characterised. The ability to purify three structurally and functionally diverse target proteins was assessed, and the performance was compared to the commonly used His-tag affinity resin. We found that the resin was able to purify the target proteins from complex mixtures even at concentrations not detectable by SDS-PAGE analysis. Furthermore, the resins performance was comparable to the traditionally used His-Tag affinity resin with several distinct advantages. The results from this work resulted in a first author publication. Overall, the work presented in this thesis significantly contributes to the field by furthering the applications and possible applications of bioengineered PHB bead technology. Each of these chapters demonstrates a unique application of PHB bead technology that had previously not been explored. Furthermore, by providing an alternate way of attaching target proteins to PHB beads we open the door to future projects that previously could not be done due to the limitations of the current technology.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Thorsén, Jenny. "Purification of His-tagged Proteins Using WorkBeads 40 TREN as a Pre-Treatment Step Prior Loading Sample onto IMAC Resins with the Purpose to Enhance Performance". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Biokemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-439642.
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This work is the result of evaluating a novel strategy for the purification of recombinant His-tagged proteins. Proteins purified in this study were the E. coli translational proteins IF-3, RF-1, and RFF. The study aimed to analyse the potential of using Bio-Works WorkBeads™40 TREN, a multimodal anion ion exchange chromatography resin, as a pretreatment step upstream an immobilized metal ion chromatography (IMAC) resin to enhance performance efficiency of His-tagged protein purification. The method demonstrated here shows potential for anyone seeking to increase the purity of His-tagged protein purification or to introduce an effective purification procedure by replacing a polishing step downstream IMAC with WorkBeads 40 TREN upstream IMAC. The latter contributing to guard the IMAC column from heavy bioburden. This study showed that running WorkBeads 40 TREN prior IMAC captures impurities and removes 97-98 % more dsDNA compared to direct IMAC. WorkBeads 40 TREN is therefore highly advantageous to include early in a purification process to remove protein binding DNA fragments. Moreover, WorkBeads 40 TREN increases purity in the final product by capturing more host cell proteins than when running direct IMAC. This concept is general and WorkBeads 40 TREN could be used upstream a variety of resins such as Protein A and RPC.
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Diemer, Étienne. "Intensification du procédé d’extraction, de purification et de fonctionnalisation des acides caféoylquiniques à partir de coproduits de la culture de l’endive". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COMP2821.
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La racine forcée d’endive est un coproduit de la culture de l’endive, produit caractéristique du Nord de la France, de la Belgique et des Pays-Bas. Actuellement sous utilisé en méthanisation ou en alimentation animale, ce coproduit contient pourtant des molécules d’intérêts à haute valeur ajoutée : les acides caféoylquiniques. Ces molécules possèdent des activités antioxydantes, anti-inflammatoires et permettent de limiter les maladies du désordre métabolique. Ce travail de thèse vise à intensifier le prétraitement, l’extraction, la purification et la fonctionnalisation des acides caféoylquiniques à partir des racines forcées pour développer de nouvelles molécules bioactives biosourcées potentiellement intéressantes pour le secteur cosmétique et nutraceutique. Une dernière partie de la thèse porte sur l’étude technico-économique du procédé pour estimer sa rentabilité économique en fonction du secteur d’application visé. La première partie porte sur l’effet des prétraitements conventionnels (découpe et séchage) ainsi que l’effet d’un prétraitement électrique par champs électriques pulsés sur les teneurs en acides caféoylquiniques dans la biomasse. L’effet de l’ajout d’une solution antioxydante lors de l’extraction est également étudié. Dans un deuxième temps, une optimisation de l’extraction est réalisée à partir de biomasse sèche et fraiche. L’influence de facteurs tels que la température, le ratio solide/liquide, ainsi que la nature du solvant a été étudiée. De plus, des cinétiques d’extraction ont été tracées pour étudier les paramètres cinétiques à l’aide d’un modèle empirique. La pureté de l’extrait obtenu étant faible, des étapes de purification sont donc nécessaires. Par la suite, les travaux se sont portés sur la purification de l’extrait brut à l’aide de résines macroporeuses ainsi que par extraction liquide/liquide. Pour la purification par résine, un screening de résines est réalisé suivi d’une optimisation des conditions opératoires de purification avec la résine choisie. Des modélisations des phénomènes d’adsorption sont réalisées pour déterminer les étapes limitantes ainsi que la capacité maximale d’adsorption. Pour l’extraction liquide/liquide, un screening de solvants verts est effectué à partir d’un milieu aqueux et hydro-éthanolique puis une optimisation des conditions opératoires avec le meilleur solvant est réalisée. La pénultième partie de la thèse cherche à fonctionnaliser par estérification les acides caféoylquiniques à partir d’une solution modèle puis d’un extrait réel. Les conditions d’estérification sont optimisées pour augmenter la vitesse de réaction ainsi que le taux de conversion. Des esters avec différentes longueurs de chaine sont obtenus et l’activité antioxydante ainsi que les propriétés anti-UV sont étudiées. La fonctionnalisation est par la suite effectuée sur un extrait réel. Une étude technico-économique conclut la thèse permettant d’ouvrir sur des perspectives quant aux conditions nécessaires à l’industrialisation du procédé de valorisation des racines forcées d’endiveForced chicory root is a by-product of Belgian endive culture, a typical crop of northern France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Currently under-utilized in methanation or animal feed, this by-product contains molecules of interest: caffeoylquinic acids. These molecules have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and a potential for reducing metabolic disorders. This thesis aims to intensify the pre-treatment, extraction, purification and functionalization of caffeoylquinic acids from forced chicory roots to develop new bioactive biosourced molecules of potential interest to the cosmetics and nutraceutical sectors. The final part of the thesis deals with a technico-economical study of the process to estimate its economic profitability in relation to the targeted application sector. The first part focuses on the effect of conventional pretreatments (cutting and drying) and the effect of pulsed electric field pretreatment on caffeoylquinic acid content in biomass. The effect of adding an antioxidant solution during extraction is also investigated. Secondly, extraction optimization is carried out using dry or fresh biomass. The influence of factors such as temperature, solid/liquid ratio and solvent type were studied. In addition, extraction kinetics were performed to study kinetic parameters using empirical models. As the purity of the extract obtained is low, purification steps are needed. The thesis then focused on purifying the crude extract obtained using macroporous resins and liquid/liquid extraction. For resin purification, resin screening was carried out, followed by optimization of the purification operating conditions with the chosen resin. Models of adsorption phenomena are carried out to identify the limiting stages and the maximum adsorption capacity. For liquid/liquid extraction, green solvent screening is carried out on aqueous and hydro-ethanolic media, followed by optimization of operating conditions with the best solvent. The penultimate part of the thesis seeks to functionalize caffeoylquinic acids by esterification, starting with a model solution and then a real extract. Esterification conditions are optimized to increase both reaction speed and conversion rate. Esters with different chain lengths were obtained, and biological activities such as antioxidant activity and anti-UV properties were studied. Functionalization is also performed with real extract. A technico-economic study concludes the thesis, opening up prospects for the industrialization of the forced chicory roots valorization process
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Wang, Xiaoxi. "Isolation and Purification of Anthocyanins from Black Bean Wastewater Using Macroporous Resins". DigitalCommons@USU, 2012. http://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1523.
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Isolation and purification of anthocyanins from black bean canning wastewater by column chromatography with macroporous resins were investigated in this study. Different adsorption materials and adsorption conditions were compared and the most effective material and adsorption conditions were selected to purify anthocyanins. Purified anthocyanins then were identified by high performance liquid chromatography electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. The most effective macroporous resin was selected by comparing the adsorption performance of five different types of macroporous resins (Diaion Hp20, Sepabeads Sp70, Sepabeads Sp207, Sepabeads Sp700, and Sepabeads Sp710). Equilibrium adsorption isotherms of five resins with wastewater were measured and analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. Both Langmuir and Freundlich models could describe the adsorption process. The adsorption and desorption behaviors of anthocyanins were studied using a dynamic method on the five types of resins, and Sp700 presented the highest adsorption capacity as well as desorption capacity, indicating that Sp700 is a good candidate for purification of anthocyanins from black bean canning wastewater. The most effective adsorption conditions were tested using Sp700. Dynamic adsorption and desorption were performed in glass columns packed with Sepabead Sp700 to optimize the purification process. Temperature during adsorption and desorption (25°C and 35°C) did not significantly affect the adsorption and desorption ratio. Adsorption ratio was significantly reduced when the flow rate increased from 1.5 mL/min to 2.5 mL/min. However, desorption ratio was not affected by flow rate (from 1.5mL/min to 0.3mL/min). Ethanol concentration (from 30% to 60%) did not affect desorption ratio. Four kinds of anthocyanins were identified in black bean canning wastewater. The major anthocyanins were delphinidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and maldvidin 3-glucoside, with a small amount of petunidin 3, 5-diglucoside also in the final product.
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LAVINAS, TATIANA. "Purificacao do molibdenio-99 obtido a partir da fissao do uranio-235 utilizando-se a resina chelex-100". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1998. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10720.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Barbry, Pascal. "Étude du récepteur de l'amiloride associé au canal sodium épithélial : caractérisation pharmacologique, purification et clonage". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4363.
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Le canal sodium présent sur la membrane apicale d'un grand nombre de cellules épithéliales est la cible moléculaire majeure des régulations par l'aldostérone et la vasopressine. Le diurétique amiloride agit en bloquant ce canal. Parmi les différents dérivés de l'amiloride, le phénamil est le plus sélectif et celui qui possède la meilleure affinité pour le canal. Sous forme radio-marquée, le phénamil a permis de titrer le nombre des canaux dans différents tissus comme le rein, la thyroïde et la barrière hémato-encéphalique. Dans ces tissus, les canaux observés lient tous l'amiloride et le phénamil, mais possèdent des caractéristiques variables. Leur observation indique qu'il existe une famille de canaux cationiques sensibles à l'amiloride. Le récepteur du [3H]phénamil a été purifié à homogénéité. Il est formé d'un homodimère de 185 KDA constitué après la formation de ponts disulfurés entre deux sous-unités de 100 KDA. La réincorporation de la fraction purifiée provoque l'apparition d'une activité de transport du sodium, électronique, blocable par le phénamil et par l'amiloride. La purification de la protéine a rendu possible la production d'anticorps polyclonaux et monoclonaux, qui permettent d'identifier la protéine en western blot et en immunoprécipitation. Elle a également conduit au clonage d'un cDNA codant pour le récepteur de l'amiloride humain. Enfin, le gène de la protéine humaine a été localisé sur le chromosome 7, non loin de la région impliquée dans la mucoviscidose qui est une maladie héréditaire qui touche les épithéliums
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Wells, Ricardo Angelo. "Comparison of distribution coefficients of 14 elements on three cation exchangers". Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2641.
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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Certain resins used in ion-exchange separation techniques have become very expensive. Although ion-exchange is an economical method to soften water it is important to keep the cost low during the process. Any exorbitant costs will make a process unattractive and eventually obsolete. Bio-Rad AG MP-50 macroporous resin (supplied by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Ltd.) at present costs approximately R20000 (twenty thousand rand) for 500 g compared to Amberlyst 15 R840.00 for 500 mL and Dowex Marathon MSC R312.34 macroporous resin for 500 mL (both supplied by Dow, Rohm and Haas Co). This motivated the research to determine by a comparative study if there is any difference in the efficiency and effectiveness in the quantitative analysis of trace elements when these resins are used. The following elements will be used to determine distribution coefficients for the elements on these resins: Mn, Fe(III), Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Ag, Cd, In, Ga, Tl, Pb and Bi in 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 M nitric acid solutions. Another question is whether there is a difference or a preference when selecting either a microporous or a macroporous resin for the ion-exchange separation. Determination of distribution coefficients for 46 elements had been done by Strelow (Strelow F. W., 1984) in nitric acid on Bio-Rad AG 50W-X8. The results obtained in this study will be compared with the distribution coefficients obtained by Strelow. The Bio-Rad, Amberlyst and Dowex resins were stirred for approximately 30 minutes in deionised water and then packed in a column. Impurities in the resin column were eluted with 5 M HCl and the resin was then rinsed with deionised water to remove the acid. Thereafter the resins was rinsed out of the column with deionised water, filtered off and then dried under vacuum in an oven at 60 0C for approximately 24 hours. Stock solutions of the elements were prepared as 0.1 M solutions and then diluted with deionised water to obtain solutions having the respective concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 4.0 M. Quadruplicate reference standards of each element were prepared. Distribution coefficients of the elements on each resin were determined as described by Strelow (Strelow F. W., Distribution coefficients and ion exchange behaviour of some chloride complex forming elements with Bio Rad AG50W - X8 cation exchange resin in mixed Nitric-Hydrochloric acid solutions, 1989). From the distribution coefficients, obtained from the ICP-OES data, a selectivity series for the 14 elements, mentioned above, was arranged in the decreasing order for each resin’s affinity for the elements. The distribution coefficients also give an indication whether the elements can be quantitatively separated by the cation exchangers in nitric acid media. Elution curves for some elements were done to establish the experimental conditions for quantitative separations of the elements by column cation exchange chromatography.
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Scott, Greg Michael. "The virucidal properties of silver ion-exchange resins and metal-based nanoparticles and their potential use in water purification". Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3755.
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VIE, MARIE-PIERRE. "Une proteine de liaison de haute affinite des hormones thyroidiennes : caracterisation, identification, purification et clonage moleculaire (doctorat : biochimie et biologie moleculaire)". Paris 11, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA11T014.
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COSTA, RENATA F. "Desenvolvimento de métodos de purificação do sup(67)Ge e sup(68)Ge para a marcação de biomoléculas". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2012. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10097.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
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Intrator, Sylvie. "Contribution à l'étude des cholecalcines 28 kDa de rat (calcium-binding protein vitamine d-dépendante) : purification et caractérisation immunologique et biochimique". Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066263.
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Kadry, Ahmed Y. "Removal of selected water disinfection byproducts, and MTBE in batch and continuous flow systems using alternative sorbents". Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3285/.
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A study was conducted to evaluate the sorption characteristics of six disinfection byproducts (DBPs) on four sorbents. To investigate sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), specially designed experimental batch and continuous flow modules were developed. The investigated compounds included: chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), bromate and bromide ions. Sorbents used included light weight aggregate (LWA), an inorganic porous material with unique surface characteristics, Amberlite® XAD-16, a weakly basic anion exchange resin, Amberjet®, a strongly basic anion exchange resin, and granular activated carbon (GAC). Batch experiments were conducted on spiked Milli-Q® and lake water matrices. Results indicate considerable sorption of TCE (68.9%), slight sorption of bromate ions (19%) and no appreciable sorption for the other test compounds on LWA. The sorption of TCE increased to 75.3% in experiments utilizing smaller LWA particle size. LWA could be a viable medium for removal of TCE from contaminated surface or groundwater sites. Amberlite® was found unsuitable for use due to its physical characteristics, and its inability to efficiently remove any of the test compounds. Amberjet® showed an excellent ability to remove the inorganic anions (>99%), and BDCM (96.9%) from aqueous solutions but with considerable elevation of pH. Continuous flow experiments evaluated GAC and Amberjet® with spiked Milli-Q® and tap water matrices. The tested organic compounds were sorbed in the order of their hydrophobicity. Slight elevation of pH was observed during continuous flow experiments, making Amberjet® a viable option for removal of BDCM, bromate and bromide ions from water. The continuous flow experiments showed that GAC is an excellent medium for removal of the tested VOCs and bromate ion. Each of the test compounds showed different breakthrough and saturation points. The unique design of the continuous flow apparatus used in the study proved to be highly beneficial to assess removal of volatile organic compounds from aqueous solutions.
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Avedis, Ani. "A high-throughput method for screening of protein binding behavior of multimodal anionic exchange ligands". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Analytisk farmaceutisk kemi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434809.
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The biopharmaceutical industry is constantly developing biological drugs, resulting in increased levels of product related impurities having similar characteristics as the target. The aim of the ligand project was to address future challenging purifications by developing new ligands for future resins for the biopharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this study was to develop a high-throughput screening method and use it to compare 15 novel multimodal anionic exchange ligand analogues with two reference ligands, for future polishing steps in the downstream process. The protein binding behavior of the ligands were studied with alkaline phosphatase, human serum albumin, α-chymotrypsinogen A and a monoclonal antibody as model proteins, at various pH values and salt concentrations. The selection process of the model proteins was based on stability studies, a study of their adsorption to the 96 well plate, and their binding behavior on three of the ligand analogues and one reference ligand. The percent protein bound to the ligands at the various conditions was calculated and presented in plots in order to study their binding behaviors. The calculated values were also used in order to evaluate the results in principal component analysis, creating chromatographic diversity maps. The maps were used to get an overview of the differences and similarities of the ligand analogues compared to the reference resins, which can be used for selecting ligands for future research and biomanufacturing. Four analogues and one reference ligand were also studied in a column format where different gradients were used, which confirmed the obtained results in the plate experiments.
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Lombes, Marc. "Recepteurs mineralocorticoides : caracterisation dans differents modeles experimentaux et purification par chromatographie d'affinite". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066495.
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Purification des recepteurs mineralocortiroide (ou recepteur de l'aldosterone de type i) par chromatographie d'affinite. Ces recepteurs ont ete caracterises dans le rein du rat surrenalectomise, le colon humain normal et cancereux et le rein de lapin surrenalectomise. Parmi les agonistes et antagonistes de l'aldosterone etudies, seul un divise en 3 de la dioxycorticosteione presentait les qualites d'affinite et de specificite pour en faire un bon liganol d'affinite. Le gel synthetise avec ce derive s'est avere hautement specifique et selectif et a permis de purifier les recepteurs mineralocorticoides d'unifacteur 1000
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Silva, Clóvis Sacardo da. "Purificação do ácido clavulânico por processo de filtração tangencial, extração por sistema de duas fases aquosas e re-extração com resina de troca iônica". Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/3886.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-09Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos
Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam substance with low antibiotic activity. Nonetheless, it is an important medicine which acts as a potent β-lactamase inhibitor. These enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of β-lactam ring of antibiotics, leaving them without antibiotic action. It is industrially produced with submerged cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus, a filamentous bacterium. Extraction and purification studies have shown a very clear and defined course, when it comes to the stages that precede precipitation and crystallization. The extraction processes with ultrafiltration membranes, with organic solvents and extraction in aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) have been studied whereas purification has been studied for processes which involve ion exchange. However, there are few works related to clavulanic acid aqueous two-phase system extraction and they are not conclusive. The present study proposed utilizing the aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) to purify the clavulanic acid and re-extract it with ion exchange adsorption, which might provide information for further studies on coupled processes which operate continuously. The first technique evaluated to re-extract the clavulanic acid was the separation process with membranes, and its results showed a low separation between PEG and clavulanic acid. In a second step, the ion exchange chromatography technique with Amberlite IRA-400Cl and Streamline Q XL resins was used. It was evidenced by the ion exchange chromatography that the Amberlite IRA- 400Cl resin makes the process of re-extraction of clavulanic acid from the top phase possible and that the phosphate present in the top phase makes clavulanic acid adsorption difficult for both studied resins. Addition of ethanol, in order to precipitate the phosphate salts, made the re-extraction of clavulanic acid from the ATPS top phase by Streamline Q XL resin possible. The third step of the global process was the optimization of clavulanic acid extraction using the aqueous two-phase systems. The results showed that it is possible to obtain yields around 100% and a purification factor of 1.5 times for the clavulanic acid. Another characteristic analyzed was the clavulanic acid degradation velocity in the aqueous two-phase system; it was very high at the bottom phase which was rich in phosphate salts. Trials of continuous aqueous twophase system process were performed. This process was shown to be operationally viable. The set of results acquired in this study will allow the study and implementation xxv of a continuous process for the purification of clavulanic acid utilizing the aqueous twophase system.
O ácido clavulânico é uma substância β-lactâmica com fraca atividade antibiótica, porém é um importante fármaco agindo como um potente inibidor de enzimas β- lactamase. Estas enzimas que catalisam a hidrólise do anel β-lactâmico dos antibióticos, deixando os sem ação antibiótica. O ácido clavulânico é produzido industrialmente por culturas submersas da bactéria filamentosa Streptomyces clavuligerus. Os trabalhos referentes à extração e purificação têm mostrado uma direção bastante clara e definida no sentido das etapas envolvidas que precedem à precipitação e cristalização. Na linha de extração têm sido estudados os processos com membranas de ultrafiltração, processos de extração com solventes orgânicos e extração em sistemas de duas fases aquosas (SDFA), enquanto que a purificação tem sido estudada por processos envolvendo a troca iônica. No entanto, são poucos os trabalhos relacionados com a extração do ácido clâvulanico por sistema de duas fases aquosas, não sendo estes ainda conclusivos. No presente trabalho foi proposto utilizar o SDFA para purificar o ácido clavulânico e re-extraí-lo através da adsorção por troca iônica, fornecendo subsídios para futuros estudos de processos conjugados operando de forma contínua. A primeira técnica estudada para re-extração do ácido clavulânico do SDFA foi o processo de separação com as membranas de polisulfona de microfiltração e ultrafiltração operando em escoamento tangencial, cujos resultados mostraram baixa separação entre PEG e ácido clavulânico. Numa segunda etapa utilizou-se técnica de cromatografia de troca iônica com as resinas Amberlite IRA-400Cl e Streamline Q XL. Para cromatografia de troca iônica ficou evidenciado que a resina Amberlite IRA-400Cl possibilita o processo de re-extração do ácido clavulânico da fase de topo e que o fosfato presente na fase de topo dificulta adsorção do ácido clavulânico para ambas as resinas estudadas. Adição do etanol para precipitação dos sais de fosfato possibilitou a re-extração do ácido clavulânico da fase de topo do SDFA pela resina Streamline Q XL. Como terceira etapa do processo global foi realizada a otimização da extração do ácido clavulânico através dos sistemas de duas fases aquosas, os resultados mostraram que é possível obter rendimento próximo a 100% e um fator de purificação de 1,5 vezes para o ácido clavulânico. Outro fator analisado foi a velocidade de degradação do ácido clavulânico no sistema de duas fases aquosas; esta se mostrou bastante alta na fase de fundo rica em sais de fosfato. Os ensaios do processo do sistema de duas fases aquosas contínuo foram realizados, sendo que esse processo mostrou-se operacionalmente viável. O conjunto de xxiii resultados obtidos neste trabalho permitirão o estudo e implementação de um processo contínuo para a purificação do ácido clavulânico utilizando o sistema de duas fases aquosas.
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Vin-Capiaumont, Josette. "Production d'anticorps monoclonaux dirigés contre des peptides de 3, 4 et 6 acides aminés identifiés dans le sérum humain : essai de mise au point d'un dosage immunologique du peptide HWESAS". Nancy 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NAN19905.
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Le plasma humain contient des facteurs de croissance peptidiques de petit poids moléculaire potentialisant in vitro certaines actions biologiques des insulin-like growth factors. Récemment, trois de ces peptides, ayant comme structure HWESAS, HWE et WGHE, ont été caractérisés et purifiés. L'obtention d'anticorps monoclonaux à l'aide de peptides de courte séquence est difficile. Le présent travail présente la production d'anticorps monoclonaux à l'aide de ces peptides comportant 6, 4 et 3 résidus seulement. Après immunisation de souris par des peptides homologues de synthèse couplés à une hémocyanine maléimidée, les hybridomes sont préparés selon les techniques classiques. Les anticorps monoclonaux obtenus sont caractérisés. Leur spécificité, déterminée par des tests d'inhibition, montre qu'ils reconnaissent les peptides originels et des peptides dérivés à condition que l'extrémité C terminale ne soit pas modifiée. Leurs constantes d'affinité, sont comprises entre 0,89 et 3,89 108 M-1. Du fait d'une impossibilité de marquage de ces peptides par l'125 I, l'anticorps dirigé contre HWESAS sert à mettre au point un dosage immunoenzymatique préliminaire qui permet de déterminer, chez des sujets sains, des concentrations de ce peptide de l'ordre de 2µg/ml. Ce taux est significativement diminué dans l'insuffisance rénale chronique pour redevenir normal après une transplantation rénale réussie. Ces résultats suggèrent que le rein pourrait jouer un rôle important dans la production et/ou le métabolisme de cet hexapeptide. L'obtention de ces anticorps monoclonaux ouvre des perspectives pour une meilleure compréhension de l'origine et des modes d'action de ces facteurs de croissance de petit poids moléculaireHuman plasma contains low molecwar weight growth factors potentiating certain in vitro biological effects of insulin-like growth factors. Recently three peptides were identified with HWESAS, HWE and WGHE as respective structures. Although it is difficult to product monoclonal antibodies directed against peptides characterized by a structure consisting of an amino acid number below 8, this study describes the production of such antibodies for peptides having 6, 4, or 3 residus. The mice immunizations were performed with homologous synthetic peptides coupled to a maleimide activated keyhole limpet hemocyanin and the hybridomas were prepared by standard techniques. By using an inhibition test, the specificity of monoclonal antibodies was deterrninated : they cross-reacted with original peptides as well as derivated peptides only when C terminus was not modified. Concerning the affinity, measured by non competitive enzyme immunoassay, the values range from 0,89 to 3,89 108 M-1. In addition, an ELISA was developped with antibodies directed against HWESAS to measure the serie concentration of this peptide in humans. The levels of peptide observed in healthy subjects were about 2µg/ml, they were dramatically decreased in chronic renal failure but norrnalized after a successful renal transplantation. These findings suggest that the kidney may play an important role in the production and/or metabolism of this hexapeptide. Such monoclonal antibodies will be useful tools for elucidation of low molecular weight growth factor production leading to a better understanding of their physiological and pathological significances
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Hýža, Bohumil. "Možnost zpracování glycerolové fáze z výroby bionafty". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217043.
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The aim of this thesis was to introduce and apply the possibilities of using waste glycerol from biodiesel production and partly waste low-stiffen coolant from cars that could be applied in industry. At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange mechanism, ion exchange resin properties and the properties of the acids and salts generated by neutralization with NaOH contained in the waste glycerol. Also is described herein the wood protection and properties of ethylene glycol coolants and properties of boroglycerol and boroglycol as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Next is described the mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured, then was measured the exact amount of NaOH in the glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol.
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Hýža, Bohumil. "Možnosti zpracování odpadů glykolu a glycerolu na účelové látky". Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217075.
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At the beginning of the thesis is summarized biodiesel production and its world production. There is more developed biodiesel production in the Czech Republic and in the European Union and some European legal regulations and standards for biodiesel. Also described herein is a composition of biodiesel and the description of the technology of its production. In the theoretical section summarizes the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and there is also summarized the traditional use of glycerol as food, explosives, etc. There are also new procedures that were performed in the experimental part of the thesis. Then, here are the proposed new procedures for processing waste glycerol and glycol, which were conducted in the experimental part of the thesis. There are described the ion exchange properties of the cation exchangers and also properties of salts generated by neutralization of NaOH in the waste glycerol with organic acids and CO2. There is also described wood protection, properties of ethylene glycol as coolant and properties of boroglycerols and boroglycols as protection for wood and mechanism of their preparation. Then there is described a mechanism of dehydration of glycerol to acrolein and options which can perform the synthesis. In the experimental part, the pH of waste glycerol was measured and then was measured the amount of NaOH in the waste glycerol. There is also desribed cleaning of waste glycerol from NaOH using acidic cation exchange resins on columns, or by neutralization with oleic acid, lactic acid and CO2. Further syntheses were performed glycerol borate and ethylene glycol borate. Water amount in ethylene glycol and methanol with water amount in glycerol were found by distillation. Then were prepared boroglycol and boroglycerol. By the amount resulting from the amount of reaction water were observed reaction conditions H3BO3, Na2B4O7•10 H2O and glycerol. At the end was carried out experimental dilution resulting boroglycerol and boroglycol by ethanol, methanol, TMB. Finally, the diluted boroglycerol was deposited on wood. Dehydration of glycerol to acrolein under the catalytic action of KHSO4 was performed. The results are given all the results and discussed the possibility of using the knowledge gained in this work in the industry. In conclusion, there are listed the economic comparison using waste glycerol and crude oil as a raw material and also charts the development of oil prices in 40 years since 1970, and graph of the price of waste glycerol. There is also discussed technological applicability of the methods used in practice.
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Hébert, Mathieu. "Nouvelles approches pour la valorisation des graines de moutarde riches en glucosinolates dans un concept de bioraffinerie". Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COMP2552.
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Ce travail de thèse est dédié à la mise en place d’une stratégie de valorisation optimale et raisonnée des cultures intermédiaires piège à nitrates de B. juncea (moutarde brune) dans un concept de bioraffinerie et de développement durable. Les graines de moutarde sont riches en huile (>35%) mais également en glucosinolates (≈ 120 µmol/g), facteurs antinutritionnels produisant de ce fait des tourteaux impropres à l’alimentation du bétail alors qu’ils sont riches en protéines de qualité. Ce travail de thèse a pour ambition de lever ce verrou en extrayant ces facteurs antinutritionnels de la graine pour exploiter leur activité biologique comme agent de contrôle des ennemis de cultures. Le schéma de bioraffinage proposé intègre les acteurs en amont et en aval de la chaîne de transformation. La première partie de travail a porté sur l’inactivation de la myrosinase, enzyme endogène responsable de l’hydrolyse des glucosinolates (sinigrine and gluconapine). Trois procédés d’inactivation ont été testés : (1) le chauffage conventionnel (2) le chauffage micro-ondes (MO) et (3) l’inactivation par CO2 supercritique (SC-CO2). Les trois procédés se sont montrés efficaces. Un chauffage à 80°C pendant 70 min a été retenu pour inactiver l’enzyme (98%) sans dégrader les composés d’intérêt (glucosinolates, protéines) tout en améliorant l’extractibilité de l’huile. Les graines ont ensuite subi un double pressage à 80 bars pendant 60 min à l’aide d’une presse hydraulique du laboratoire pour en extraire 84% d’huile et obtenir un tourteau enrichi en protéines (35.8-40.8%) et en glucosinolates intacts (144-158 µmol/g). La récupération des GSL a été entreprise en couplant une extraction hydro-alcoolique avec différents prétraitements (broyage, décharges électriques de haute tension, ultrasons) pour intensifier l’extraction des GSL tout en limitant la co-extraction des protéines. Une optimisation préliminaire d’extraction chimique a montré que 90% des GSL pouvaient être récupérés via une solution hydro-alcoolique d’éthanol (40% v:v) à 40°C sans altérer la qualité protéique du tourteau résiduel (36-40% protéines). Ces conditions viennent ainsi contrebalancer le procédé classique d’extraction/élimination des GSL par méthanol à haute température (75°C), contestable sur le plan environnemental, énergétique et sanitaire. L’extraction assistée par DEHT (U = 40 kV, tDEHT = 3.5 ms) a permis d’extraire dans des conditions douces (T = 30°C, eau et à faible coût énergétique (233 kJ/kg)) la quasi-totalité des GSL (98 %) dans leur état intact tout en minimisant la co-extraction des protéines qui sont préservées dans le résidu solide. Enfin, la purification du jus riche en GSL a été étudiée selon deux voies : chromatographie d’échange d’ions (IEC) et ultrafiltration (UF). La récupération des glucosinolates par IEC a été optimisée en batch via l’utilisation d’une résine fortement basique (PA312LOH) qui a permis de séparer les GSL des protéines. 72.9% de la sinigrine a été récupérée après élution avec une solution de NaCl (1.0 M, 30°C, 300 rpm, 40 mL/g résine) avec une pureté 79.6%. Les expériences réalisées en dynamique (purification sur colonne) ont permis la récupération de 28% de la gluconapine (2.6 BV/h, pH 4.0). Le procédé membranaire (UF) a présenté de meilleures performances avec 98% et 60% de sinigrine et gluconapine récupérés respectivement dans un perméat à 90% de pureté (membrane PES 10 kDa, 5 bars, 500 rpm). L’extrait purifié obtenu par UF (90 %) riche en sinigrine (3.36 mg/ml) et en gluconapine (0.16 mg/ml) sera utilisée pour développer une formule phytobiotique qui sera utilisée en biofumigation. Le résidu solide détoxifié (<20 µmol GSL/g MS) et riche en protéines (~40%) pourra être valorisé en alimentation animaleThis thesis is specifically dedicated to the valorization of B. juncea (brown mustard) as catch-crops in order to develop innovative ways of valorization for the different components of mustard seeds (oil, meal, glucosinolates) for industrial and/or food applications according to the principles of biorefinery and in a sustainable development concept. The rich-erucic acid mustard oil could be valorized in oleochemistry for many applications (cosmetics, lubricants, biofuels etc.), the defatted cake could be an alternative and new source of high quality proteins for animal food and the extracted glucosinolates (sinigrin and gluconapin) could be very suitable for the development of a natural bio-pesticide instead of chemical pesticides. Applications of different pretreatments were firstly applied on seeds in order to perform the intern inactivation of myrosinase, an enzyme that degrades glucosinolates by hydrolysis: conventional heating in bath-water, micro-waves (MW) and supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2). Heating seeds at 80°C for 70 min allowed efficient myrosinase inactivation (98%) without impact on other molecules (glucosinolates, proteins). The treatment resulted also in better oil expression performances. Oil expression from treated seeds was then performed by carring out two successive pressing (80 bar, 60 min) with an hydraulic press to express 84% of oil and obtain a rich in proteins (35.8-40.8%) and intact glucosinolates (144-158 µmol/g) defatted cake. Intensification of the extraction of glucosinolates was investigated meaning different pretreaments and processes: grinding, high-voltage electric discharges (HVED) and ultrasounds (US). Only green solvents were used for the extraction (water, ethanol). Preliminar optimization of chemical extraction resulted in selective extraction of 90% of GSL using an aqueous ethanol solution (40% v:v) at 40°C without affecting protein content from residual cake (36-40%). These conditions could be claimed as an effective alternative to the conventionel extraction protocol (75% methanol, 75°C). The assisted-extraction of GSL by HVED (U = 40 kV, tDEHT = 3.5 ms) has performed the recovery of 98% of intact GSL in milder conditions (T = 30°C, water, QDEHT = 233 kJ/kg) by minimizing the co-extraction of proteins from meal. Purification of crude juice was investigated meaning two different techniques: ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) and ultrafiltration (UF). GSL purification by IEC was preliminarly optimized in batch and proteins and GSL were separated meaning a strong basic resin (PA312LOH). 72.9% of sinigrine recovery was performed bu eluting with a NaCl solution (1.0 M, 30°C, 300 rpm, 40 mL/g resin) with a juice purity of 79.6%. Dynamic experiments allowed recovery of 28% of gluconapin (2.6 BV/h, pH 4.0). Membrane process (UF) showed better performances with the recovery of 98% and 60% of sinigrin and gluconapin respectively with a permeate purity of 90% by using PES membranes of 10 kDa (5 bars, 500 rpm). The purified juice (90%) rich in sinigrin (3.36 mg/ml) and gluconapin (0.16 mg/ml) could be used to develop a phytosanitory product for crop protection. The residual detoxified (<20 µmol GSL/g DM) and rich in proteins meal could be very suitable for animal feeding
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BOUIZAR, ZAOR. "Les recepteurs renaux de la calcitonine (ct) : caracterisation, localisation et modifications". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066278.
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QUEIROZ, CARLOS A. da S. "Terras raras: fracionamento, purificação e controle analítico". reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1988. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11634.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IEA/D
Instituto de Quimica, Universidade de Sao Paulo - IQ/USP
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高一辰. "Purification of Malic Acid with Basic Ion Exchange Resin". Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37404362650203289219.
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碩士長庚大學
化學工程研究所
87
DL-malic acid is white crystal compound. The major uses of DL-malic acid are food additive and pH value controlling agent in textile industry. The general industrial process for production DL-malic acid is followed by reaction of maleic acid or maleic anhydride with water. The specification of food grade DL-malic acid from U.S. FDA shows that the concentration of maleic acid should be less than 0.05 wt%, and the concentration of fumaric acid should be less than 1.0 wt% in the DL-malic acid product. No any company in Taiwan produce DL-malic acid yet.This work is investigate the adsorption characteristics of DL-malic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid on the strong basic ion exchange resin Dainion SA-20A. Adsorption isotherms and diffusivities are to be obtained in the batch mixing system. Experimental and mathematical model of ion exchange column will also be developed and verified. The ion exchange column is high selective adsorption of maleic acid. DL-malic acid and fumaric acid are not high selective adsorption in ion exchange column.
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Makhathini, Thobeka Pearl. "Investigation of the adsorption performance of polystyrenic resin and GAC for the removal of BTEX compounds from industrial wastewater". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1496.
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Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Engineering - Chemical, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015.Industrial wastewater containing organic compounds and/or substances is an increasing problem due to its increasing toxic threat to humans and the environment. The removal of organic compounds has become an imperative issue due to stringent measures that are introduced by the Department of Environmental Affairs in South Africa to enforce regulations concerning wastes that emanate from petrochemical industries. Thus, wastewater containing these compounds must be well understood so as to device adequate treatment processes. In this study, the adsorptive capacity of PAD 910 polystyrenic resin originating from China and granular activated carbon (GAC) was evaluated for the removal of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and isomers of xylene (BTEX) from an aqueous solution. Batch studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters such as mixing strength, contact time, internal diffusion, adsorbates and initial concentration on the removal of the BTEX compounds. The experiments were conducted at the mixing strength of 180 rpm, in order to comfortably assume negligible external diffusion. The equilibrium isotherms for the adsorption of the adsorbates on the PAD 910 polystyrenic resin were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich and linearized Dubinin-Radushkevich models at a pH of 5.86. The Langmuir model fitted the data adequately; this result was supported by the work done by Site (2001) which concluded that the Langmuir is the most practical model in representing the adsorption of aromatic compounds. The Langmuir model indicated that resin has the highest adsorption capacity of 79.44 mg/g and GAC has 66.2 mg/g. Resin was found to adsorb 98% of benzene, 88% of toluene, 59% of ethylbenzene, 84% m-;p-xylene and 90% o-xylene at an initial concentration of 14.47 mg/l. BTEX adsorption was a two-stage process: a short, fast initial period then followed by a longer, slow period corresponding to the intra-particle diffusion of BTEX molecules in macropores and micropores. The adsorption capacity was determined by total surface area accessible to BTEX and the availability of active surface chemical groups. The dependence of adsorption capacity on the surface of the two adsorbents and temperature was observed, suggesting the chemical nature of the BTEX adsorption. The interaction between BTEX/activated carbon was however weak and energetically similar to that of hydrogen bonds. Generally, BTEX adsorption was an exothermic process that combined physisorption and chemisorption. The PAD 910 polystyrenic resin had a greater specific surface area (SSA) of 1040 m2/g which yielded in higher capacity compared to GAC which had a low SSA of 930 m2/g. The normalized adsorption capacity was found to be higher for PAD 910 polystyrenic resin than GAC (0.66 and 0.27 mg/m2 respectively) which suggests that the resin has a good potential of the adsorbent for removing BTEX compound compared to GAC. Fixed bed columns were used to evaluate the dynamic adsorption behaviour of BTEX/PAD 910 polystyrenic resin through a dynamic column approach. The performance of small-scale fixed bed columns, each containing PAD 910 polystyrenic resin and the other containing GAC were evaluated using 14.47 mg/L of BTEX concentration. The columns with 32 mm diameter, studied bed depths of 40, 80 and 120 mm and flow rate of 6 ml/min were used in order to obtain experimental breakthrough curves. The bed depth service time (BDST) model was used to analyze the experimental data and design parameters like adsorption capacity, adsorption rate and service time at 20% and 60% breakthrough. BDST was also used to predict the service times of columns operated under different influent concentrations and flow rates to produce theoretical values that were compared to the experimental values. Adsorption model by Dubinin and colleagues (Dubinin, 1960), based on the theory of volume filling micropores was used to fit the measured adsorption isotherms. Agreement between the modelled and experimental results for GAC and PAD 910 polystyrenic resin using Dubinin-Radushkevich equation generally improved with increasing the surface area and produced reasonable fits of the adsorption isotherms for both GAC and PAD 910 polystyrenic resin. Granular activated carbon had a lesser performance compared to the PAD 910 polystyrenic resin, in terms of kinetic studies, and this finding was attributed to the pore structure which made accessibility of BTEX molecules more difficult in this study. The results indicate that PAD 910 polystyrenic resin show potential as an adsorbent for removing low concentrations of BTEX from wastewater. It is suggested that necessary treatment of GAC might improve the performance of this adsorbent by creating more mesopore volume and fraction which is essential to enhance adsorption rate. A substantial different SSA could be achieved through high porosity development in GAC by using templating method with a higher potassium hydroxide mixture ratio.
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Бугаєць, Ілля Костянтинович. "Дослідження і розробка технології знешкодження викидів в атмосферу від технологічних процесів коксохімічного виробництва". Магістерська робота, 2021. https://dspace.znu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/12345/5566.
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Бугаєць І. К. Дослідження і розробка технології знешкодження викидів в атмосферу від технологічних процесів коксохімічного виробництва : кваліфікаційна робота магістра спеціальності 183 "Технології захисту навколишнього середовища" / наук. керівник В. Р. Румянцев. Запоріжжя : ЗНУ. 2021. 90 с.UA : Здійснено огляд процесу переробки кам’яновугільної смоли, виявлені джерела газових викидів під час смолоперероблення. Наведений перелік токсичних речовин, що утворюються на етапах технологічного ланцюга переробки. Вказані основні методи боротьби зі шкідливими викидами смолопереробки, здійснено їх порівняння з технологічної, економічної та екологічної точок зору. Досліджено залежність ефективності термокаталітичного очищення вентиляційних газів смолопереробного цеху від температури вхідних газів та їх витрати. Встановлено оптимальні параметри технологічного процесу для обраного каталізатору. Проведено апробацію каталізатору в промислових умовах при оптимальних технологічних параметрах.
EN : A review of the process of coal tar processing was carried out, sources of gas emissions during resin processing were identified. The list of toxic substances formed at the stages of the technological chain of processing is given. The main methods of combating harmful emissions of tar processing are indicated, their comparison is made from the technological, economic and ecological points of view. The dependence of the efficiency of thermocatalytic purification of ventilation gases of the resin processing plant on the temperature of the incoming gases and their consumption is investigated. The optimal process parameters for the selected catalyst are set. The catalyst was tested in industrial conditions at optimal technological parameters.
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Mpenyana-Monyatsi, Lizzy. "Silver nanoparticle-resin filter system for drinking water disinfection and inhibition of biofilm formation". 2013. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000739.
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D. Tech. Water care.Groundwater is the main source of drinking in most rural areas of South Africa and is supplied to the communities without prior treatment. However, the contamination of groundwater sources by pathogenic bacteria poses a public health concern to these communities. This study was aimed at developing and evaluating the effectiveness of filter materials coated with silver nanoparticles for the removal of pathogenic microorganisms from groundwater as well as the inhibition of biofilm formation in drinking water systems.
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Dlamini, Thulani. "Development of a small scale water treatment system for fluoride removal for rural areas". Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1366.
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Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering, Durban University of Technology. Durban. South Africa, 2015.Several areas in the world such as the United States of America, Sri Lanka, China, Argentina, Canada, Tanzania, Kenya, South Africa and many others have a problem of high fluoride content in drinking water. Generally fluoride levels above 1.5 ppm in water may result in dental and skeletal fluorosis in humans depending on quantity consumed (Fan et al., 2003; Meenakshi, 2004). Remote rural areas where there are no water treatment facilities are more vulnerable to this problem. Adsorbents such as activated alumina and FR-10 resin seem to have a potential for successful application in rural areas. These methods however require pre-treatment if the feed has high turbidity. A membrane based system called woven fabric microfiltration gravity filter (WFMFGF) developed by Durban University of Technology proved to be suitable for turbidity removal. The main objective of this research was to develop a small water treatment system for fluoride removal. The small water treatment system developed in this study consists of WFMFGF for pre-treatment and an adsorption column. The WFMFGF is made up of a 40 L container packed with 15 immersed flat sheet membrane elements. The operation of the WFMFGF is in batch mode, driven by varying static head. The static head variation results in flow rate variation through the system. This in turn result in variation of contact time, velocity as well as pressure drop in the fluoride removal unit. Specific objectives of the study were: (1) to establish the maximum and minimum flow rates through the WFMFGF system, the total run time before cleaning is required and the best cleaning method for this particular membrane system. (2) to evaluate and compare the performance of activated alumina and FR-10 resin on varying contact time, velocity and pressure drop on the fluoride removal unit. The adsorbents were also compared on adsorption capacity, cost and ease of operation. The minimum and maximum flow rates through the WFMFGF were found to be 5 l/hr and 100 l/hr respectively. It was found that the system can be run for more than a month before requiring cleaning. The suitable cleaning method was found to be soaking the membranes in 0.0225 percent sodium hypochlorite solution overnight and brushing them using a plastic brush. The comparison of the performance of FR-10 resin to activated alumina found that the adsorbents gave equal performance based on the given criteria. FR-10 resin had higher adsorption capacity, gave good quality treated water even with shorter contact time and operated at wider velocity range. Activated alumina on the other hand had an advantage of lower costs, lower pressure drop and ease of use. According to Pontius (1990), the performance of activated alumina can be improved by intermittent operation. Point of use (POU) systems are generally operated intermittently. This improves the fluoride removal efficiency of activated alumina giving it more advantage over FR-10 resin. Based on this activated alumina was selected as the best adsorbent for the system. After the adsorbent was selected, the adsorption column was designed. The column operation regime was 3.5 minutes minimum contact time and 1.17 to 7.8 m/hr velocity range. The activated alumina adsorption capacity was 1.53mg/g. The column had an inside diameter of 70 mm. It was packed with activated alumina to a bed height of 400 mm. The column inlet and outlet pipes were made of PVC with a standard pipe size of 20 mm outside diameter. A valve at the column inlet pipe allowed water to flow through the system.
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Fogle, Jace L. "[alpha]-lactalbumin stability and retention on commercial hydrophobic interaction chromatography resins: implications for purification process design/". 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3225955.
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Chiang, Meng-Hua y 蔣孟樺. "Fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus for rapamycin production and the purification process development by using macroporous adsorption resins". Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24564826514044366340.
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碩士東海大學
化學工程與材料工程學系
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In 1975, Streptomyces hygroscopicus was found in the soil on Easter Island, and Rapamycin was as an antifungal agent early. Its immunosuppressive effect has recently attracted more attention. Therefore, this study focused on examining the effects of inoculation volume and different inoculation morphologies on Rapamycin production. In the results of this study, adding carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) to change morphology could increase Rapamycin production. A maximum yield of 323 mg/L of Rapamycin was obtained when 4 g/L of CMC was added, as compared to 165mg/L in the control batch (without the addition of CMC). In the solid state fermentation (SSF), total 8 substrates were adopted to explore the potential being the inoculation substrate for Rapamycin production, and the results indicated that barley can have the max Rapamycin yield (393 mg/kg). While using spore suspensions and solid state mycelium as inoculated medium, both of them could be have cells growth. Especially, it could produce maximum Rapamycin yield (525 mg/L) by using solid barley as inoculated medium in this study. Finally, the static adsorption tests for the purification of Rapamycin using macroporous adsorption resin, MAC-3, were performed as follows：0.5 g of the pre-weighed resin were put into a flask. The initial Rapamycin in the solutionwas 700 mg rapamycin/L. The flasks were sealed tightly for 30 minutes to reach the maximum adsorption rate (88.6 %) and adsorption capacity (25 mg/g).
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Nkambule, Thabo Innocent. "An analytical approach to the characterization and removal of natural organic matter from water using ozone and cyclodextrin polyurethanes". Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/3171.
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M.Sc.The prevalence of natural organic matter (NOM) in water remains a huge challenge for water treatment companies and municipalities. NOM, however, is not a stand-alone problem as it affects water quality in many ways. NOM is largely responsible for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) via its interaction with disinfectants during water disinfection. It is implicated for the undesirable colour, taste and odour of water and NOM even inhibits precipitation precursors which form the backbone of drinking water treatment. There is therefore no question that NOM, which is either a precursor to or direct cause of the problems highlighted above, should be considered as one of the critical design parameters to be considered for drinking water treatment. In our laboratories, research that involves the use of cyclodextrin (CD) polyurethanes for the removal of organic pollutants from water has been extensively investigated, and the CD polyurethanes have demonstrated the ability to effectively remove the organic species from water at low (ppb) concentrations. CDs, which are cyclic oligomers consisting of glucopyranosyl units linked together through α-1,4 glycosidic linkages, behave like molecular hosts. They are capable of forming inclusion complexes with guest molecules and hence can be utilised for the removal of organic contaminants from water. Their solubility in water, however, limits their application in the removal of organic contaminants from water. This limitation is easily resolved by polymerising the CDs into water-insoluble polymers with bifunctional linkers such as hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI). In this study, CD polyurethanes and ion exchange resins were used for the removal of NOM and possibly its DBPs from water. This study first investigated the local NOM source to establish its type and character, hence the study involved the characterization of the bulk water samples and fractionating the NOM using ion exchange resins for further characterization. The water samples were found to consist mainly of humic substances in the form of hydrophobic NOM, with the hydrophilic basic (HpiB) fraction being the most abundant NOM fraction in all samples. Trihalomethanes (THMs) were used as a representative of DBPs in this vii study. THMs formation studies of the individual NOM fractions indicated that all six NOM fractions were found to form THMs but in varying proportions. The HpiB fraction was found to be the most reactive precursor fraction for THMs formation. The ozonation process was also independently evaluated for its ability to remove the NOM fractions from water. Ozonation was found not to be very effective at NOM removal since it only resulted in a 12% overall decrease of the NOM in the water samples. The CD polyurethanes, when used alone, were also not very effective at removing the NOM fractions from water (maximum of 33% NOM removal). On the other hand, the combination method (i.e. the use of CD polyurethanes and ozonation for NOM removal) resulted in a good capability of the CD polyurethanes at decreasing some NOM fractions in water as evidenced by a 73% and 88% decrease of the HpiB and hydrophilic acid (HpiA) fractions, respectively. The 73% reduction of the HpiB fraction demonstrates a great success of the combination approach employed herein, as this study reports this fraction as the most reactive precursor fraction for THM formation.
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Pragono, Rosy. "Separation on porous media". Thesis, 2009. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/489523.
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The separation work in this thesis focuses on adsorption of riboflavin (RB) or Maillard browning colorants from lactose process stream using porous adsorbent materials. The aim was to look at the suitability of using adsorbent resin to decolorise lactose solutions and how it performs compared to activated carbon (AC), which is more commonly used in lactose purification process. The work presents an approach to other separation problems. Adsorbent resin FPX66 was selected and tested to remove RB from whey permeate model solution of 8.5 mg/L (± 1 mg/L) RB in water or in 15% lactose. The RB was adsorbed in stirred and agitated batch vessel at 30 to 60 °C and CAR (mass of
resin/mass of RB) ranged from 0.28 to 0.89 g/mg. Adsorption in glass chromatography columns of different packed bed dimensions was undertaken by batch mode (recirculation of feed), continuous mode (feed passes once through column), and at different flow rates. Riboflavin content was estimated using a modified HPLC method or spectrophotometry. Lactose content was monitored using refractometry or a HPLC lactose anomers analysis method. Adsorption data from 21 experiments yielded an equation, which allows predicting the equilibrium RB concentration in the resin and adsorption efficiency from a known CAR. Kinetic and diffusion analysis measured the pseudo-first-order rate constant (k1), pseudo-second-order rate constant (k2), continuous run rate constant (kc), film diffusivity (Df), intra-particle diffusivity (Dp) and full uptake curve diffusivity (D). Results showed that most of the adsorptions in stirred and agitated vessels were predicted better by a pseudo-second-order model while those in the columns fitted better to a slower pseudo-first-order model. Slower adsorption in the columns was attributed to the limitation of resin movement in a packed bed. The faster adsorptions were ahead during the initial stages but most of all experiments reached similar equilibrium stages. Factors that promote higher adsorption and diffusion rates the most were higher CAR, greater resin movement, shorter bed height and higher flow rates. In almost all cases, film diffusivity was the rate-limiting step in the adsorption processes. Film diffusivity in continuous adsorption was greater than in the batch adsorption due to the higher driving force typical of continuous adsorption. For future work, optimisation problem can be set up for selecting between continuous and batch column modes. Regeneration case study showed that resin adsorbed with RB could be regenerated using 20% ethanol solution in downward column flow. Single-pass mode gave far higher regeneration efficiency than batch. Further, polynomial equations allow prediction of the volume of regenerant needed to achieve a certain degree of desorption at flow rates ranging from 9 to 38 mL/min. The resin and AC both performed similarly in decolorising lactose process streams that contain RB such as decalcified whey permeate, but the AC could decolorise streams containing Maillard browning colorants, such as mother liquor, better than the resin. This was attributed to the higher porosity of AC, which suggests its higher adsorption capacity. The systematic and theoretical based approaches used in this study can be used for testing the feasibility of adsorbent media in various applications, not limited to decolorisation of lactose solutions.