Tesis sobre el tema "Réseaux spectraux"
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Kineider, Clarence. "Partial abelianization of GLn-local systems and non-commutative A-coordinates". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAD059.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we aim to study moduli spaces of G-local systems over a ciliated surface S for various Lie groups G. We generalize a construction of Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke called abelianization, allowing this procedure to be conducted ''partially''. The result of this generalized procedure allow us to describe the topology of open dense subspaces inside the moduli space of GL_2n-local systems, and together with Eugen Rogozinnikov we extended further the abelianization procedure to symplectic local systems, allowing us to describe the topology of open dense subspaces inside the moduli space of symplectic local systems. In particular, we describe the topology of the set of maximal representations of a punctured surface group into a symplectic group Sp(A,s) over a symmetric algebra (A,s). Given the strong relations between the original construction by Gaiotto-Moore-Neitzke andFock-Goncharov cluster coordinates, another benefit of the generalized abelianization construction is that it help us define and study a non-commutative generalization of Fock-Goncharov A-coordinates. When G = GL_2n(R), we show that these non-commutative A-coordinates define a representation of the non-commutative algebra A_S introduced by Berenstein-Retakh. These non-commutative A-coordinates also restrict to non-commutative coordinates on the space of symplectic representations with lagrangian framing
Jusserand, Bernard. "Dynamique de réseau des super réseaux semi-conducteurs : étude par diffusion Raman du système GaAs/AlAs". Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066054.
Texto completoAmba, Prakhar. "Learning methods for digital imaging". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAS011/document.
Texto completoTo produce color images we need information of three primary colors (notably Red, Green and Blue) at each pixel point. To capture this information most digital cameras utilize a Color Filter Array (CFA), i.e. a mosaic arrangement of these colors is overlaid on the sensor such that only one color is sampled at one pixel.This arrangement is similar to the Human Visual System (HVS) wherein a mosaic of LMS cones (for sensitivity to Long, Medium and Short wavelength) forms the surface of the retina. For HVS, the arrangement is random and differs between individuals, whereas for cameras we use a regular arrangement of color filters. For digital cameras one needs to interpolate the missing colors to recover the full color image and this process is known as demosaicing. Due to regular or periodic arrangement of color filters the output demosaiced image is susceptible to false colors and artifacts. In literature, the demosaicing algorithms proposed so far cater mainly to regular CFAs.In this thesis, we propose an algorithm for demosaicing which can be used to demosaic any random or regular CFA by learning statistics of an image database. Further, we optimize and propose CFAs such that they outperform even the state of art algorithms on regular CFAs. At the same time the demosaiced images from proposed CFAs are free from false colors and artifacts.We extend our algorithm such that it is not limited to only three colors but can be used for any random arrangement of any number of spectral filters. Having more than three colors allows us to not only record an image but to record a spectral signature of the scene. These mosaics are known as Spectral Filter Arrays (SFAs). Recent technological advances give us greater flexibility in designing the spectral filters and by demosaicing them we can get more accurate colors and also do estimation of spectral radiance of the scene. We know that silicon is inherently sensitive to Near-Infrared radiation and therefore both Visible and NIR filters can be combined on the same mosaic. This is useful for low light night vision cameras which is a new challenge in digital imaging.We demonstrate the applicability of our algorithm on several state of the art cameras using these novel SFAs. In this thesis, we demonstrate that our method outperforms the state of art algorithms in image quality and computational efficiency. We propose a method to optimize filters and their arrangement such that it gives best results depending on metrics and application chosen.The method based on minimization of mean square error is linear in nature and therefore very fast and suitable for real time applications. Finally to challenge the linear nature of LMMSE we propose a demosaicing algorithm using Neural Networks training on a small database of images which is slightly better than the linear demosaicing however, it is computationally more expensive
Parra, Vogel Daniel Alejandro. "Théorie spectrale et de la diffusion pour les réseaux cristallins". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1001/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we investigate the spectral and scattering theories for crystal lattices. In chapter one we present results concerning the preservation of the nature of the spectrum for perturbed Schrödinger operators acting con perturbed topological crystals. In Chapter 2 we extend this results to some first order operators knowns as discrete Gauss-Bonnet operators. Finally, in chapter 3 we give some results dealing with the continuity of the spectrum for a family of magnetic Schrödinger operators acting on Z^d
Goddet, Étienne. "Analyse spectrale et surveillance des réseaux maillés de retour de courant pour l'aéronautique". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT099/document.
Texto completoThe principles of the electrical system design in future aircrafts have to be reconsidered due to the emergence of new composite materials. The use of these materials for the aircraft structure has indeed implied a complete revision of on-board current return path networks. To facilitate this revision, it is proposed to link through the spectral graph analysis the performances of electrical networks with their topology. The aim of this thesis is to give topological drivers that could help the aeronautical engineers during the design process and then to propose a monitoring methodology
Chan, Shin Yu Kristel. "Étude d'un filtre à double réseau résonnant pour spectroscopie embarquée". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1615/.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is to fabricate a high quality factor (20000) spectral filter simultaneously polarization independent and wavelength tunable. Such a device would meet many needs, especially in spectroscopic imaging. For the realization of such a device, resonant gratings are perfectly fitted. Indeed, the position of the resonant peak is naturally tunable by varying the angle of incidence, and quality factors of 10000 are usually attained. However, in general, the spectral response of resonant gratings depends on the polarization, which limits to applications where polarization is known. To solve this problem, we adopt an original approach through an innovative structure consisting of two crossed 1D gratings. Then, we give an example of a polarization independent, reflection filter tunable over 100 nm at a rate of 8. 5 nm/° and with a quality factor of 13000. For an application in the near infrared, we propose materials and techniques from the silicon-based microelectronics and we show that it is thus possible to fabricate these structures with the required precision
Joubaud, Thomas. "Prédiction objective de l'effet des systèmes tactiques de communication et protection sur les performances de localisation sonore". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1132/document.
Texto completoIn many civilian or military situations, hearing protection is of major importance. The listener's acoustical situational awareness must however also be preserved. Tactical Communication and Protective Systems (TCAPS) are hearing protection devices that sufficiently protect the listener's ears from hazardous sounds and preserve speech intelligibility, thus allowing low-level speech communication. However, previous studies demonstrated that TCAPS still deteriorate the listener's situational awareness, in particular the ability to locate sound sources. On the horizontal plane, this is mainly explained by the degradation of the acoustical cues normally preventing the listener from making front-back confusions. In the present PhD work, a behavioral sound localization experiment is conducted with six TCAPS: two passive and two active earplugs, and two active earmuffs. The performance in open ear condition is not retrieved with any protector, but the experiment ranks the TCAPS by type: passive earplugs lead to better performance than active earplugs, and active earmuffs induce the worst performance. As part of TCAPS development and assessment, a method predicting the protector-induced degradation of the sound localization capability, and based on electroacoustic measurements, would be more suitable than time-consuming behavioral experiments. In this context, two methods based on Head-Related Transfer Functions (HRTFs) measured on an artificial head are investigated: a template-matching model and a three-layer neural network. They are optimized to fit human sound localization performance in open ear condition. The methods are applied to the HRTFs measured with the six TCAPS, providing position-dependent localization probabilities. Compared with the behavioral results, the neural network predicts realistic performances with earplugs, but overestimates errors with earmuffs. The template-matching model predicts human performance well. However, the likelihood of the resulting probability distributions with the behavioral observations is lower than that of the neural network. Finally, both methods developed in this study are independent of the artificial head used, and can be applied to assess not only TCAPS prototypes, but also hearing aids
Beaujean, Paul. "Défense contre les épidémies dans les réseaux". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLED063.
Texto completoThe modern mathematical study of epidemics has adopted the concept of contact networks to model a disease spreading among nodes who may interact with each other along edges. While much progress has been made in designing effective countermeasures against epidemics by acting upon the disease, fewer studies have explored the use of modifying the contact network itself.This thesis explores the possibility of finding an optimal modification of a network to stop an epidemic spreading over it. Because this optimization problem is computationally hard to solve, we design a randomized approximation algorithm by combining semidefinite programming together with matrix concentration inequalities which is guaranteed to return a network modification that stops the epidemic in a short amount of time. Furthermore, we give evidence that the analysis of this algorithm is tight in a large regime.To understand the practical applicability of this algorithm, we analyze current practices in the experimental evaluation of algorithms and propose a new methodology to assess algorithms that may fail, may return approximate solutions, and may change behavior based on hyperparameters
Wu, Haitao. "Conception et analyse d’algorithmes d’approximation dans les réseaux de communication de nouvelle génération". Thesis, Avignon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AVIG0231/document.
Texto completoWith the coming of intellectual era and Internet of Everything (IoE), the needs of worldwide communication and diverse applications have been explosively growing. This information revolution requires the future communication networks to be more efficient, intellectual, agile and scalable. Many technologies have emerged to meet the requirements of next generation communication networks such as Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) and networking virtualization. However, there are many challenges coming along with them, such as Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) in EONs and Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) in network virtualization. This dissertation addresses the algorithm design and analysis for these challenging problems: the impacts of traffic distribution and network topology on lightpath routing, the distance spectrum assignment and the VNE problem for paths and cycles.For lightpath routing, the first subproblem of the RSA, there is always a pending issue that how the changes of the traffic distribution and EON topology affect it. As the lightpath routing plays a critical role in the overall performance of the RSA, this dissertation provides a thoroughly theoretical analysis on the impacts of the aforementioned two key factors. To this end, we propose two theoretical chains, and derive the optimal routing scheme taking into account two key factors. We then treat the second subproblem of RSA, namely spectrum assignment. Any two lightpaths sharing common fiber links might have to be isolated in the spectrum domain with a proper guard-band to prevent crosstalk and/or reduce physical-layer security threats. We consider the scenario with diverse guard-band sizes, and investigate how to assign the spectrum resources efficiently in such a situation. We provide the upper and lower bounds for the optimal solution of the DSA, and further devise an efficient algorithm which can guarantee approximation ratios in some graph classes.The topology heterogeneity of Virtual Network Requests (VNRs) is one important factor hampering the performance of the VNE. However, in many specialized applications, the VNRs are of some common structural features e.g., paths and cycles. To achieve better outcomes, it is thus critical to design dedicated algorithms for these applications by accounting for topology characteristics. We prove the NP-Harness of path and cycle embeddings. To solve them, we propose some efficient algorithms and analyze their approximation ratios
Chevillon, Romain. "Efficacité énergétique des communications Device-to-Device dans les réseaux hétérogènes". Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT4072/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is the study of the energy efficiency of D2D communications in heterogeneous networks. We first propose to analyze the energy consumption of a three device, then introduce a new topology taking into account the data entropy, in order to increase the overall energy efficiency. Subsequently, we study the energy consumption and the influence of interference in a cell for the use case of a natural disaster. We then introduce a new resource allocation protocol based on Fuzzy C-Means clustering. We then use tools and metrics from stochastic geometry to analyze and compare energy and spectral efficiency among multiple types of networks comprising D2D communications. The first study is done on a network in which the cellular and WiFi resources are shared. In a second step, we introduce the notions of directional antennas with millimeter waves. To do this, we evaluate the influence of the mmWave channel and introduce the concepts of blocking, and sectored models of antennas, for mathematical purposes. The use of millimeter waves, and more particularly ULA directional antennas, proves to be a totally appropriate choice in the primary objective of this thesis, which is to increase both the spectral efficiency (therefore the bit rate) and the energy efficiency within a heterogeneous network including D2D communications
Dekoninck, Bertrand. "Spectre et contrôlabilité de réseaux de poutres". Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f34b0b9e-5bc0-499a-bb7a-6dafb342caba.
Texto completoDuteil, Gilles. "Localisation, caractérisation et modélisation de sources d'intermodulation passive : application aux antennes pour les réseaux radio-mobiles". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S118.
Texto completoThe evolution of telecommunications has made passive intermodulation products (PIM) not only a criterion of quality and network performance but also a major problem for service providers such as mobile operators. The work presented in this manuscript is a contribution to the resolution of some of PIM problems in base station antennas and is organized around three main axes : - the characterization of passive intermodulation root causes within base station antennas. Numerous experimental studies have been carried out with the aim of determining the influence of different parameters on the PIM generated by metal-to-metal contacts (roughness of surfaces, use of surface treatment, geometry and nature of metals) or by printed circuits as microstrip type (matching, line width and thickness of dielectric substrate). The results of these studies contributed to improve theoretical knowledge and to define rules to reduce induced PIM levels ; - the localization of passive intermodulation root causes within complex radio frequency systems. For this, a specific PIM measurements bench has been designed. It allows locating PIM root causes, with a level close to the current 3GPP specification, with an accuracy less than 2cm. In addition, to ease the PIM defects detection in a base station antenna, various complementary methods have been developed and associated with the measurements bench ; - the electromagnetic modeling issued from the experimental studies, carried out of non-linear components usable into a circuit-type simulator. The use of these allows designers to estimate, early during the design stage, the PIM behavior of metal-to-metal contacts, microstrip and suspended stripline printed circuits
Dupont, Fabien. "Caractérisation d'impulsions courtes par filtrage spectral à l'aide de réseaux de BRAGG superposés". Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23621/23621.pdf.
Texto completoTremblay, Nicolas. "Réseaux et signal : des outils de traitement du signal pour l'analyse des réseaux". Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSL0938/document.
Texto completoThis thesis describes new tools specifically designed for the analysis of networks such as social, transportation, neuronal, protein, communication networks... These networks, along with the rapid expansion of electronic, IT and mobile technologies are increasingly monitored and measured. Adapted tools of analysis are therefore very much in demand, which need to be universal, powerful, and precise enough to be able to extract useful information from very different possibly large networks. To this end, a large community of researchers from various disciplines have concentrated their efforts on the analysis of graphs, well define mathematical tools modeling the interconnected structure of networks. Among all the considered directions of research, graph signal processing brings a new and promising vision : a signal is no longer defined on a regular n-dimensional topology, but on a particular topology defined by the graph. To apply these new ideas on the practical problems of network analysis paves the way to an analysis firmly rooted in signal processing theory. It is precisely this frontier between signal processing and network science that we explore throughout this thesis, as shown by two of its major contributions. Firstly, a multiscale version of community detection in networks is proposed, based on the recent definition of graph wavelets. Then, a network-adapted bootstrap method is introduced, that enables statistical estimation based on carefully designed graph resampling schemes
Bellalouna, Kamel. "Résolution d'E. D. P. Par méthode spectrale sur un réseau de cylindres". Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066395.
Texto completoHa, Dinh Truc. "Line outage vulnerabilities of power systems : models and indicators". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT018/document.
Texto completoThe vulnerability of electrical systems is one of the problems related to their complexity. It has received increasing attention from researchers in recent decades. Despite this, the fundamental phenomena that govern the vulnerability of the system are still not well understood.Understanding how the vulnerability of power systems emerges from their complex organization is, therefore, the main motivation of the present work. It proposes the definition of a standard method to assess the vulnerability of power systems and identify their most critical elements. The method enables a better understanding of the links between the topology of the grid and the line outage vulnerabilities.The first part of this research work offers a critical review of literature approaches used to assess system vulnerability. The results provided by these approaches for four IEEE test systems are confronted to a reference contingency analysis using AC power flow calculations. From these analyses, pros and cons of each approach are outlined. An improved method for assessment of system vulnerability to line outages is defined from this confrontation. It is based on DC load flow and graph theory.The second part proposes a new approach based on spectral graph theory and solving of DC power flow to identify how system vulnerability and critical components emerge from the power network topology
Ben, Azzouna Nadia. "Etude des méthodes d'échantillonnage des flux pour la mesure dans les réseaux large bande". Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066368.
Texto completoChan, Shin Yu Kristel. "Etude d'un filtre à double réseau résonnant pour spectroscopie embarquée". Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681980.
Texto completoDemésy, Guillaume. "Modélisation électromagnétique tri-dimensionnelle de réseaux complexes. Application au filtrage spectral dans les imageurs CMOS". Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00436046.
Texto completoShehata, Mohamed. "Hybrid Analogue and digital techniques applied to massive MIMO systems for 5G transmission at millimeter waves". Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ISAR0026.
Texto completoThe main aim of this work is to analytically analyze the performance of Hybrid Beamforming (HBF) in Millimeter Wave (mmWave) massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, to develop low complexity HBF algorithms to adapt with such systems and finally to verify the practical validity of these algorithms. The massive MIMO antenna array provides high transmit gain overcoming the severe path-loss limitation of the mm Wave systems. On the other had applying HBF in sparse channels achieves close Spectral Efficiency (SE) perfonnance compared to the full digital beamforming, however with lower hardware cost and power consumption. In this thesis we start by defining the conditions for which bath the HBF and full digital beamfonning can achieve exactly similar SE performance. Then, we analyze the SE perfonnance gap that arise between them in sparse mmWave MIMO channels. Moreover, we provide closed form SE models for basic analog and HBF techniques in typical mmWave MIMO channels. Later we consider a Multi User (MU) massive MIMO HBF framework that considers multiple spatial signal processing techniques for the analog domain processing, digital domain processing, power allocation and users scheduling. We develop low complexity algorithms for such framework in order to provide a low complexity practical HBF framework for future wireless communication networks that can cope with the challenges of mm Wave channels
Bertrand, Régis. "Elaboration d'un système de suivi de fonctionnement d'un aérogénérateur par analyse spectrale et approches neuromimétiques". Lille 1, 2001. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2001/50376-2001-287.pdf.
Texto completoBorsoi, Ricardo Augusto. "Variabilité spectrale en démélange de données hyperspectrales : Stratégies multi-échelles, tensorielles et basées sur des réseaux neuronaux". Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4012.
Texto completoThe spectral signatures of the materials contained in hyperspectral images, also called endmembers (EMs), can be significantly affected by variations in atmospheric, illumination or environmental conditions typically occurring within an image. Traditional spectral unmixing (SU) algorithms neglect the spectral variability of the endmembers, what propagates significant mismodeling errors throughout the whole unmixing process and compromises the quality of the estimated abundances. Therefore, significant effort have been recently dedicated to mitigate the effects of spectral variability in SU. However, many challenges still remain in how to best explore a priori information about the problem in order to improve the quality, the robustness and the efficiency of SU algorithms that account for spectral variability. In this thesis, new strategies are developed to address spectral variability in SU. First, an (over)-segmentation-based multiscale regularization strategy is proposed to explore spatial information about the abundance maps more effectively. New algorithms are then proposed for both semi-supervised and blind SU, leading to improved abundance reconstruction performance at a small computational complexity. Afterwards, three new models are proposed to represent spectral variability of the EMs in SU, using parametric, tensor, and neural network-based representations for EM spectra at each image pixel. The parametric model introduces pixel-dependent scaling factors over a reference EM matrix to model arbitrary spectral variability, while the tensor-based representation allows one to exploit the high-dimensional nature of the data by means of its underlying low-rank structure. Generative neural networks (such as variational autoencoders or generative adversarial networks) finally allow one to model the low-dimensional manifold of the spectral signatures of the materials more effectively. The proposed models are used to devise three new blind SU algorithms, and to perform data augmentation in library-based SU. Finally, we provide a brief overview of work which extends the proposed strategies to new problems in SU and in hyperspectral image analysis. This includes the use of the multiscale abundance regularization in nonlinear SU, modeling spectral variability and accounting for sudden changes when performing SU and change detection of multitemporal hyperspectral images, and also accounting for spectral variability and changes in the multimodal (i.e., hyperspectral and multispectral) image fusion problem
Lahsen-Cherif, Iyad. "Spectral and Energy Efficiency in 5G Wireless Networks". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS506/document.
Texto completoToday's networks continue to evolve and grow resulting more dense, complex and heterogeneous networks.This leads to new challenges such as finding new models to characterize the nodes distribution in the wireless network and approaches to mitigate interference. On the other hand, the energy consumption of WMNs is a challenging issue mainly in rural areas lacking of default electrical grids. Finding alternative technologies and approaches to reduce the consumed energy of these networks is a interesting task. This thesis focuses on proposing and evaluating interference management models for next generation wireless networks (5G and Very Dense High WLANs), and providing tools and technologies to reduce energy consumption of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). Two different problems are thus studied; naturally the thesis is divided into two parts along the following chapters.The contribution of the first part of the thesis is threefold. Firstly, we develop our interference management coordination (CoMP-JT) model. The main idea of CoMP-JT is to turn signals generating harmful interference into useful signals. We develop a new model where BSs inside the coordinated set send a copy of data to border's users experiencing high interference. We consider the r-l Square point process to model the BSs distribution in the network. We derive network performance in terms of coverage probability and throughput. Additionally, we study the impact of the size of coordination set on the network performance. Secondly, we extend these results and provide a new model adopted for Dense Very high throughput WLANs. We take into consideration constraints of WLANs in our model such as carrier sensing range. Thirdly, we tackle resource allocation strategies to limit the interference in LTE networks. We study three cyclic allocation strategies: (i) the independent allocation, (ii) the static allocation and (iii) the load-dependent strategy. We derive tractable analytical expression of the first and second mean of interference. We validate the model using extensive simulations. Reducing the energy consumption and improving the energy efficiency of WMNs is our concern in the second part of the thesis. Indeed, we aim at studying the impact of directional antennas technology on the performance of WMNs, using both analysis and simulations. Fisrt, We derive the Number of Links (NLs) for the chain and grid topologies for different antennas beams. These results are based on the routing tables of nodes in the network. We consider different scenarios such as 1Source-NDestinations to model the downlink communications, NSources-1Destination to model the uplink communications and the 1Source-1Destination as a baseline scenario. Using ns-3 simulator, we simulate network performance in terms of Mean Loss Ratio, throughput, energy consumption and energy efficiency. Then, we study the impact of number of beams, network topology and size, the placement of the gateway on the network performance. Next, we go beyond simulations and propose an optimization framework minimizing the consumed energy while maximizing the network throughput for DAs WMNs. We consider a weighted objective function combining the energy consumption and the throughput. We use power control to adapt transmission power depending on the location of the next hop. This model is a first step to approve the obtained simulation results. We use ILOG Cplex solver to find the optimal solution. Results show that DAs improves the network throughput while reduce the energy consumption and that power control allows saving more energy. In this direction, the LCI4D Project aims at providing low cost infrastructure to connect isolated rural and sub-urban areas to the Internet. In order to reduce the installation and maintenance costs, LCI4D proposes the usage of self-configured Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) to connect multimode outdoor femtocells to the remote Marco cell (gateway)
Koumaiha, Marwa. "Analyse numérique pour les équations de Hamilton-Jacobi sur réseaux et contrôlabilité / stabilité indirecte d'un système d'équations des ondes 1D". Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1122/document.
Texto completoThe aim of this work is mainly to study on the one hand a numerical approximation of a first order Hamilton-Jacobi equation posed on a junction. On the other hand, we are concerned with the stability and the exact indirect boundary controllability of coupled wave equations in a one-dimensional setting.Firstly, using the Crandall-Lions technique, we establish an error estimate of a finite difference scheme for flux-limited junction conditions, associated to a first order Hamilton-Jacobi equation. We prove afterwards that the scheme can generally be extended to general junction conditions. We prove then the convergence of the numerical solution towards the viscosity solution of the continuous problem. We adopt afterwards a new approach, using the Crandall-Lions technique, in order to improve the error estimates for the finite difference scheme already introduced, for a class of well chosen Hamiltonians. This approach relies on the optimal control interpretation of the Hamilton-Jacobi equation under consideration.Secondly, we study the stabilization and the indirect exact boundary controllability of a system of weakly coupled wave equations in a one-dimensional setting. First, we consider the case of coupling by terms of velocities, and by a spectral method, we show that the system is exactly controllable through one single boundary control. The results depend on the arithmetic property of the ratio of the propagating speeds and on the algebraic property of the coupling parameter. Furthermore, we consider the case of zero coupling parameter and we establish an optimal polynomial energy decay rate. Finally, we prove that the system is exactly controllable through one single boundary control
Weng, Qilong. "Stabilité pour des modèles de réseaux de neurones et de chimiotaxie". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED026/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is aimed to study some biological models in neuronal network and chemotaxis with the spectral analysis method. In order to deal with the main concerning problems, such as the existence and uniqueness of the solutions and steady states as well as the asymptotic behaviors, the associated linear or linearized model is considered from the aspect of spectrum and semigroups in appropriate spaces then the nonlinear stability follows. More precisely, we start with a linear runs-and-tumbles equation in dimension d≥1 to establish the existence of a unique positive and normalized steady state and the exponential asymptotic stability in weighted L¹ space based on the Krein-Rutman theory together with some moment estimates from kinetic theory. Then, we consider time elapsed model under general assumptions on the firing rate and prove the uniqueness of the steady state and its nonlinear exponential stability in case without or with delay in the weak connectivity regime from the spectral analysis theory for semigroups. Finally, we study the model under weaker regularity assumption on the firing rate and the existence of the solution as well as the same exponential stability are established generally no matter taking delay into account or not and no matter in weak or strong connectivity regime
Sampaio, Cardoso Leonardo. "Orthogonal Precoder for Dynamic Spectrum Access in Wireless Networks". Thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011SUPL0018/document.
Texto completoThe global deployment of PCS is pushing for more and more network capacity to accommodate an exponentially growing user base. Radio spectrum, the basic resource in radio communications, unfortunately does not follow this growth. Even though the current spectrum usage leaves margins for re-use, it is limited by the current fixed spectrum management policies. To remediate this issue, spectrum regulators are switching to a flexible management paradigm, leveraging new DSA schemes based on CR. In this PhD work, a novel CR-DSA technology is introduced to address spectrum scarcity problem. Called VFDM, it allows two RAT to operate side-by-side in a small-cell CR setting, sharing the band while protecting the legacy system from interference. VFDM transmits data pre-coded on the null-space of the interfering cross channel (channel from the opportunistic transmitter to the legacy receiver), assuming frequency selectivity and TDD communications. This PhD work proposes a rather exhaustive approach to the development of VFDM: to go from the theoretical basis up to a proof-of-concept development. Initially the theoretical background, basis of the technique itself was introduced and analyzed. Then, VFDM was gradually developed from a pure mathematical concept up to a full transceiver. During this development, several important mid-way results were developed, such as the multi-user strategy for pre-coding and critical implementation aspects. VFDM, under certain constraints, has been shown to allow a secondary opportunistic network to successfully be installed along with a legacy primary one at merely the cost of channel knowledge and added complexity. By means of numerical examples, it has been shown that significative rates can be attained, even though VFDM's performance is constrained by the size of the Vandermonde-subspace of the interfering channel between the secondary transmitter and primary receiver. Finally, a working VFDM transceiver implementation is shown, providing a proof-of-concept of the technique
Kouassi, Kouakou. "Modélisation et optimisation des transmissions ultra-large bande à impulsions radio dans les réseaux ad hoc". Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10197/document.
Texto completoThis thesis focuses on impulse radio Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) transmissions in ad hoc sensor network. Such networks are able to generate strong enough multiple access interference to be less reliable. The method used to distinguish data is the Pulse Position Modulation where different delay is assign to each data type. The purpose of this study is to suggest proposals to mitigate this issue while fitting with the radio waves regulations in the countries where these networks will operate. As a rough guide, this thesis only refers to the American UWB regulation. However, the obtained results are relevant to any kind of mask. The masks are highly restrictive, we therefore interested to the transmitted signals spectrum shapes, first, in order to guarantee an optimal use of the available power. The proposal we made for this purpose reveals highly interesting. Then an analytical model taking into account the last suggestion is built to numerically evaluate the performances. These performances are compared to the ones obtained with Monte-Carlo simulations. It appears that the model is accurate enough to be used in an optimisation process. This process aims to find data signals that give the best performances and the optimal spectral occupancies, at the same time. The obtained results show that our proposal allows to make more reliable transmissions in dense ad hoc sensor networks
Tarek, mohamed ibrahim hafez Dina. "Development of Spectrum Sharing Protocol for Cognitive Radio Internet of Things". Thesis, Avignon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AVIG0280.
Texto completoInternet of Things (IoT) presents a new life style by developing smart homes, smart grids, smart city, smart transportation, etc., so IoT is developing rapidly. However recent researches focus on developing the IoT applications disregarding the IoT spectrum scarcity problem facing it. Integrating Internet of Things (IoT) technology and Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), forming Cognitive Radio Internet of Things (CRIoTs), is an economical solution for overcoming the IoT spectrum scarcity. The aim of this thesis is to solve the problem of spectrum sharing for CRIoT; the work in thesis is presented in three parts, each represents a contribution. Our first contribution is to propose two new protocols to solve the problem of channel status prediction for interweave CRNs. Both protocols use Hidden Markov Model (HMM). In the training stage of both protocols, the available data are trained to produce two HMM models, an idle HMM model and a busy one. Both models are used together to produce the 2-model HMM. In the prediction stage the first protocol uses Bayes theorem and the 2-model HMM, while the second protocol uses Support Vector Machine (SVM) employing the parameters produced from applying the 2-model HMM, named 2-model HMM-SVM. The 2-model HMM-SVM outperforms the classical HMM and 2-model HMM in terms of the true percentage, the inaccuracy and the probability of primary users’ collision (false negative prediction). In our second contribution, we proposed a centralized time slotted packet scheduling protocol for CRIoTs. It uses Discrete Permutation Particle Swarm Optimization (DP-PSO) for scheduling the IoT device packets among the free slots obtained from applying cognitive radio networks' channel estimation technique proposed in the first part. Our proposed protocol is applied to smart healthcare facility. Configuring three main building blocks for the used application architecture; the IoT devices block, the first layer fog nodes block and the central fog server. Each group of IoT devices is connected to a fog node, the entire fog nodes in the system are connected to the central fog node. The proposed protocol is named Scheduling based-on Discrete Permutation Particle Swarm Optimization (SDP-PSO). An objective fitness function is formulated with three parameters; maximizing the fairness index among fog nodes, minimizing the packets' queuing delay and minimizing the number of dropped packets that exceeded their allowed time in the network without being sent. The performance of the proposed SDP-PSO protocol overcomes an old protocol named spectrum auction in terms of the fairness between fog nodes, the average queuing delay, the number of dropped packets and the time and the space complexity. Finally, in the third contribution, we proposed a distributed packets' scheduling protocol for CRIoTs. Our proposed protocol can be applied to an urban traffic control. The configured system in this part consists of three main building blocks; the IoT devices block, the first fog layer block (Road Side Units (RSUs)) and the second fog layer block. Each group of IoT devices is connected to a RSU, each group of RSU are connected to a fog node which acts as their cluster head. The fog nodes are connected together forming a partial mesh network. The proposed distributed packets' scheduling protocol for CRIoTs is applying three distributed access strategies together with the SDP-PSO proposed in the second part to schedule the packets on the estimated free slots resulted from applying the protocol proposed in the first part. The used access strategies are the classical round robin, in addition to two proposed ones named; the vertex cover and the enhanced round robin. An objective fitness function near similar to that used in the centralized protocol, was applied but with some differences to make it suitable for distributed scheduling
Hamidouche, Kenza. "La théorie des jeux pour l’allocation de ressources dans les réseaux à petites cellules". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC095/document.
Texto completoThis thesis consists in developing distributed mechanisms for resource allocation in next-generation cellular networks. In the first part of this thesis, the technical and economic challenges for the implementation of distributed storage policies in small cell networks are addressed. In particular, a proactive storage approach is proposed enabling the small base stations to exploit the information extracted from online social networks to estimate the local popularity of the files. Another optimized storage approach is proposed for ultra-dense cellular networks while accounting for the instantaneous variations of the state of the storage units. To facilitate the deployment of these storage solutions, new economic mechanisms are developed to motivate content providers to cooperate with network operators and store their files within the operators' small base stations. In the second part of this thesis, the problem of spectrum management is studied in cache-enabled small cell networks as well as LTE-U systems. In particular, a distributed backhaul management approach is proposed for cellular networks with heterogeneous backhaul links. On the other hand, a multi-game framework is proposed as a new game theoretic tool to cope with the new resource allocation problems that emerge with the introduction of LTEU technology in wireless networks. In this regard, a multi-game composed of two subgames of different types is formulated to optimize the coexistence of LTE-U base stations and WiFi users over unlicensed bands, while preventing LTE-U base stations from jeopardizing the WiFi users
Jaouadi, Randa. "Compromis efficacité énergétique et efficacité spectrale pour les objets communicants autonomes". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4041/document.
Texto completoTechnological advances have led to the develop- ment of wireless sensor applications. These sensors are generally deployed with reduced energy resources where replacing a battery can be costly. Energy ef ficiency is an important constraint to ensure a high level of autonomy. The current trend towards high- throughput applications requires not only high spectral efficiency but also reduced energy consumption. It is therefore essential to study the trade-off between spec tral efficiency and energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this thesis we concentrate on the different techniques adopted at the level of the phys- ical layer. At first, the various aspects characterizing the WSNs are introduced. Then, the efforts made to optimize the conservation of energy in these networks are summarized while highlighting the link between the energy consumption and the spectral efficiency. Then, different energy models are introduced and classified in order to study the evolution of the consumed energy as a function of the spectral efficiency. Secondly, we focus on the choice of modulation in order to find the optimal scheme that minimizes energy. We then studied the tradeoff between energy and spectral efficiency, taking into account the constraints imposed by the sys- tem. Finally, we are interested in coding strategy and error control protocol to study their impact on the energy efficiency and spectral efficiency tradeoff
Ribés, Cortés Alejandro. "Analyse multispectrale et reconstruction de la réflectance spectrale de tableaux de maître". Paris, ENST, 2003. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000761.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to 1 The methods for spectral reflectance reconstruction of the surface of coloured materials in each pixel of an N-channel multispectral image (N > 3). We propose a classification of spectral reflectance reconstruction methods and we improve some of them. We adapted Mixture Density Networks (MDN) to spectral reconstruction. MDN were enriched by developing an automatic system of architecture selection. 2 We studied, characterised and evaluated a new high definition multispectral camera created for the European project CRISATEL. An automatic calibration procedure and an image correction system were conceived and implemented. We also worked on the selection of the optical filters most adapted to the spectral reconstruction of a specific material. Finally, the work completed during this thesis was applied to art paintings. We present two examples, painted by George de la Tour and Renoir
Giroud, Claire. "Etude du mécanisme des NO synthases : importance du réseau de liaisons hydrogène dans l'environnement et la réactivité de l'hème". Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05S011.
Texto completoNO-synthases are hemo-thiolate proteins that catalyze the oxidation of L-arginine to NO. Despite the analogies with the mechanism proposed for other hemo-proteins such as the cytochrome P450 family, the detailed molecular mechanism of NOS remains mostly elusive. We investigated the role of the proton of L-Arg guanidinium on the stability and reactivity of the Fe"-O2 complex by exploiting a series of L-Arg analogues that display a wide range of pKa values. Using a combination of spectroelectrochemistry, infrared and resonance Raman spectroscopies, we analyzed the effects of these analogues on the proximal ligand characteristics, the porphyrin conformation, the heme redox potential and the electrostatic properties of heme distal environment. Our results strongly suggest that the pKa of the substrate guanidinium controls the H-bond network surrounding the distal ligand: it finely controls the proton transfer event, tune NOS oxidative chemistry and determine the nature of NOS production
Lesage, Sébastian. "Correction atmosphérique d'images hyperspectrales infrarouges et découplage émissivité-température de surface". Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0005.
Texto completoMoataz, Fatima Zahra. "Vers des réseaux optiques efficaces et tolérants aux pannes : complexité et algorithmes". Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4077/document.
Texto completoWe study in this thesis optimization problems with application in optical networks. The problems we consider are related to fault-tolerance and efficient resource allocation and the results we obtain are mainly related to the computational complexity of these problems. The first part of this thesis is devoted to finding paths and disjoint paths. Finding a path is crucial in all types of networks in order to set up connections and finding disjoint paths is a common approach used to provide some degree of protection against failures in networks. We study these problems under different settings. We first focus on finding paths and node or link-disjoint paths in networks with asymmetric nodes, which are nodes with restrictions on their internal connectivity. Afterwards, we consider networks with star Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs) which are groups of links that might fail simultaneously due to a localized event. In these networks, we investigate the problem of finding SRLG-disjoint paths. The second part of this thesis focuses on the problem of Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs). EONs are proposed as the new generation of optical networks and they aim at an efficient and flexible use of the optical resources. RSA is the key problem in EONs and it deals with allocating resources to requests under multiple constraints. We first study the static version of RSA in tree networks. Afterwards, we examine a dynamic version of RSA in which a non-disruptive spectrum defragmentation technique is used. Finally, we present in the appendix another problem that has been studied during this thesis
Ramdani, Karim. "Guider, piéger, focaliser et contrôler les ondes. Une contribution mathématique et numérique". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00327377.
Texto completo1. Guide d'Ondes Électromagnétique Supraconducteur
2. Diffraction par des Réseaux
3. Retournement Temporel
4. Méthodes Fréquentielles et Spectrales pour le Contrôle des EDP
Mahé, Gaël. "Correction centralisée des distorsions spectrales de la parole sur les réseaux téléphoniques". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00114668.
Texto completoNous proposons un algorithme d'égalisation spectrale aveugle consistant à aligner, sur une bande de fréquences limitée (200-3150 Hz), le spectre à long terme du signal traité sur un spectre de référence (spectre de la recommandation P.50 de l'UIT-T). Des évaluations subjectives mettent en évidence une restauration satisfaisante du timbre original des locuteurs, dans la limite de la bande d'égalisation choisie.
Il apparaît toutefois que la quantification en loi A des échantillons de sortie de l'égaliseur induit un bruit gênant en réception. Deux approches sont donc proposées pour masquer perceptivement ce bruit par un reformage spectral. L'une est fondée sur la réinjection à l'entrée du quantificateur de l'erreur de quantification filtrée. L'autre explore selon un algorithme de type Viterbi les séquences temporelles des niveaux de quantification possibles, de manière à maximiser un critère probabiliste de masquage du bruit. Une évaluation subjective montre finalement d'une part que le bruit non reformé est préféré au bruit reformé, plus sporadique mais plus "rauque", d'autre part qu'une voix dont le timbre a été corrigé, au prix de ce bruit de quantification, est préférée à la même voix en réception d'une liaison téléphonique sans correction de timbre (et non bruitée).
Afin d'améliorer l'adéquation du spectre de référence de l'égaliseur aux différents locuteurs, une classification des locuteurs selon leur spectre, en deux ou quatre classes, est étudiée, et des critères de classement robustes aux distorsions de la liaison téléphonique sont définis. Cette classification permet d'utiliser non plus un spectre de référence unique, mais un spectre de référence par classe. Il en résulte une réduction de la distorsion spectrale induite par l'égaliseur, ce qui se traduit, pour certains locuteurs, par une amélioration significative de la correction de timbre.
Le, Brenn-Ferrieux Laurence. "Introduction du routage optique dans un réseau de transport". Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0215.
Texto completoGaveau, Jérôme. "Allocation des Ressources pour la Gestion Dynamique du Spectre dans les Réseaux Ad hoc Clustérisés". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC060/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the fully distributed allocation of channels in clustered ad hoc networks. Nodes are gathered locally into clusters in order to keep the advantage of the no infrastructure of ad hoc networks, and to reduce the amount of signalling. In each cluster a node is elected as the Clustered Head (CH) whose role is to manage the resources and the transmissions locally. One of the major problem is to allocate in a distributed way spectrum bands to the clusters in order to make them able to operate. Bandwidth is a scarce resource which implies that several clusters may use the same frequency and hence interfere among each other. The CH realizes the frequency allocation based on a utility function that uses measurements as inputs. These measurements are possibly disturbed due to the wide variety of dynamic changes that face ad hoc networks. Among the distributed learning algorithms, we have identified approaches based on "trial and error'' (TE) paradigm that could solve the channel allocation problem. These approaches possess very attractive global convergence behavior despite the non-cooperativeness of the problem and thus in a broad class of games.First, based on a specific utility model, we analyse the performance of these algorithms using Markov chains approximations in order to reduce numerical computations complexity. Then, we assess theoretically and numerically that a drawback of TE algorithms is their sensitivity to disturbances. We propose modifications with supporting theoretical proofs in order to adapt the TE algorithms to disturbances of the utility. Furthermore, we study the impact of Rayleigh fading on the utility by deriving its probability density function (pdf) in various contexts
Sharshavina, Ksenia. "Nouveaux concepts de filtres spectraux ultra-sélectifs pour spectroscopie embarquée". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30264/document.
Texto completoGuided Mode Resonance Filters ( GMRF ) are a new generation of narrowband optical filters and are a very promising alternative to conventional multilayer Fabry-Perot filters. The resonance peak of GMRF can be spectrally extremely thin and with a centering wavelength tunable according to the angle of incidence of the light. These properties are particularly important for spectroscopy. Previous works have helped to implement an original structure with two 1D crossed gratings. The performance of this filter overpasses those of conventional filters in their spectral subnanometric response, tunability and their ability to overcome the influence of the polarization of the incident wave under oblique incidence. The aim of this work is to explore the final performances of such devices in terms of resolution and rejection rate, thanks to an approach combining theory, fabrication technology and characterization. We present experimental results of a polarization independent reflective filter, tunable over 40nm with a tunability of 8.3nm / °, having a reflection of 10-3 on a 90nm range outside the resonance and a quality factor over 5000
Andrusyak, Oleksiy G. "Dense spectral beam combining with volume Bragg gratings in photo-thermo-refractive glass". Thesis, Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002662.
Texto completoMacé, Léopold. "Nouveaux concepts de nano-filtres infrarouges à l'échelle du pixel". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30184/document.
Texto completoIn the near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectral domains (3-10 µm), requirements and needs evolve toward more complex optical functions and highly-integrated systems. This is especially relevant in the context of space and aeronautics applications for earth observation, where the aim is to increase the number of acquired spectral bands while simultaneously reducing the device footprint. These requirements translate into a pixelization of the filters so that they can be integrated into a mosaic which also performs the spatial filtering and different spectral functions. As of today, conventional thin films filter technologies haven't been shown to achieve this goal. As a result, different filtering concepts originating from the field of photonics which could overcome these limitations must be investigated. "Zero-contrast gratings" (ZCG) are a kind of guided-mode resonance filters that have proved to implement efficient tunable transmission filters in the MIR, while having a very simple structure. Nevertheless, their narrow transmission linewidth and weak angular acceptance hinder their applicability for pixelated applications in the MIR. We present in this work several structures based on the ZCG concept. On the one hand, we have introduced doubly-corrugated 1D filters with bandwidths ranging from 1 to 200 nm, allowing for 100 µm pixel sizes and tunable over a domain of 200 nm. On the other hand, we have shown a novel filtering concept, which we called "TE/TM ZCG". This new generation of ZCG is not bound by stringent material requirements inherent to conventionnal ZCGs. Their fabrica- bility have been demonstrated through cleanroom operations. A first doubly-corrugated 1D filter has been fabricated and characterized optically
Zaki, Hindi Ayat. "Transport of critical services over unlicensed spectrum in 5G networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IPPAS022.
Texto completoThis thesis studies the transport of critical services in 5G networks, where unlicensed spectrum is advocated to minimize the cost and to cope with the high demand for frequency resources. We first evaluate the performance of Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (URLLC) which has stringent requirements on reliability and delay, on the order of 99.999% and 1 ms, respectively, transported in unlicensed spectrum. We propose a model based on a Markov chain to quantify the reliability within a delay constraint under Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) medium access procedure, then we deduce the maximum number of stations that can be handled at the same time, while respecting URLLC constraints. This analysis is then used to investigate novel methods for the joint transmission of URLLC over unlicensed and licensed spectrum. We propose three methods for the joint access to available resources, and demonstrate that the optimal method to access the resources is by using licensed ones only when unlicensed transmission fails within a given time budget. This method is then studied in the case of multiple tenants in proximity competing over the same unlicensed channel. If all tenants try to maximize their usage of unlicensed resources then everyone will end up in a tragedy of the commons type of situation. We show that at least one equilibrium point exists for this system which minimizes the cost for all tenants. We study later the coexistence of URLLC with other 5G services, such as enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), in unlicensed spectrum. eMBB has large packets and its multiplexing with URLLC may entail a large degradation in URLLC performance. For that, we propose a new technique to prioritize URLLC packets by transmitting them with higher power. However, high power transmission is not systematically performed to reduce the interference on other users and also to reduce the energy consumption, which is very important for battery-powered devices. In this case, two methods were proposed to transmit with high power, leaving it as a last resort. One is LBT-agnostic and transmits whenever the packet delay approaches time-out, while the other respects LBT and uses high power only when transmission opportunities occur beyond a time threshold. We then propose a decentralized implementation of the time-threshold approach. We formulate the problem as an optimization problem where transmitters are to choose the optimal policy (time threshold) which minimizes the energy consumption while preserving URLLC requirements. We then solve the optimization problem using a learning approach and show a slow convergence to the optimal policy due to the fact that losses are rare events. To remedy to this, we employ the optimization framework and the prior knowledge of the system to accelerate this learning. We finally study the decentralized approach for a different type of critical services which focuses on the freshness of the information, known as the Age of Information (AoI). In this context, instead of guaranteeing a reliability target within a delay, the packet must be delivered as soon as it is generated, or else it loses its value. We demonstrate that optimal policies in the AoI context tend to start aggressively, and reduce the transmission power when the age of the packet increases
Vulvert, Gregory. "Masse des hadrons et des quarks légers en chromodynamique quantique sur réseau". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22021/document.
Texto completoThe main topic of this thesis is the computation ab initio of masses from lattice QCD.In the first part, the light hadron spectrum is computed. Thanks to a Lüscher-Weisz gauge action and a clover Wilson action describing with the quarks with six levels of stout-smearing, light hadron masses are extracted from simulations with $N_f=2+1$ flavors. These masses agree with experiment with a few percent accuracy and all the systematic errors are under control.In the second part, the light quark masses are determined. We use the same action as previously but with two levels of hex smearing. The simulations are done at the physical point mass and five lattice spacings are used to take a safe conitnuum limit, thus eliminating a higher source of systematice incertitude. Renormalization is perfo,rmed non perturbatively à la Rome-Southampton, thereby suppressing perturbative errors. We obtain in this work the first full non perturbative resultats at the physical point with a high accuracy since we obtain an error of about 5%
Chouayakh, Ayman. "Jeux d'acteurs et mécanismes d'enchères dynamiques pour la gestion de spectre dans les réseaux 5G". Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020IMTA0177.
Texto completoIn 5G networks, new spectrum sharing concepts such as Licensed Shared Access (LSA) will be implemented in order to optimize spectrum usage: a Mobile Network Operator can access temporarily to other incumbent's spectrum after obtaining a license. The LSA concept guarantees to the incumbent and the LSA licensee a certain level of QoS according to the LSA license. The licensing process is made via an auction mechanism. The mechanisms proposed in the literature for the LSA context are one-shot auction mechanisms which allocate all the available spectrum as a one block. In this thesis, first we show how to increase the performances of those auctions(in terms of revenue, efficiency and fairness of the allocation)-while preserving truthful bidding-by splitting spectrum and converting single block auctions to multi-blockauctions. Then, we show how to convert one-shot mechanisms to equivalent ascending mechanisms (in terms of allocations and payments) so that we add transparency andprivacy to the auction
Aroua, Sabrine. "Spectrum resource assignment in cognitive radio sensor networks for smart grids". Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS007/document.
Texto completoWith the advances in wireless communication technologies, cognitive radio sensor networks (CRSNs) stand as an efficient spectrum solution in the development of intelligent electrical power networks, the smart grids. The cognitive radio (CR) technology provides the sensors with the ability to use the temporally available licensed spectrum in order to escape the unlicensed spectrum resource scarcity problem. In this context, several challenging communication issues face the CRSN deployment for smart grids such as the coexistence of different electrical applications and the heterogeneous opportunities to access available licensed channels between smart grid sensors. The work conducted in this thesis focuses on spectrum resource allocations for CRSNs in smart grids. We concentrate our efforts on the development of new spectrum resource sharing paradigms for CRSNs in smart grids. The developed solutions focus on distributed and balanced spectrum sharing among smart grid sensors and on eventual CRSN deployment scenarios in smart grid areas. All along the thesis, channels are assigned without relying on a predefined common control channel (CCC) to exchange control messages before each spectrum access trial. All along the thesis, channels are assigned without relying on a predefined common control channel (CCC) to exchange control messages before each spectrum access trial. Performance evaluation of the different proposed channel assignment solutions shows their ability to achieve a distributed and fair opportunistic spectrum assignment in a way to consider different smart grid system characteristics
Sakat, Émilie. "Structures métal-diélectriques à résonance de mode guidé et applications au filtrage et à l'imagerie infrarouge". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00840623.
Texto completoNanotechnologies have reached a maturity level that allows designing, with high confidence level, functionalized components for complex optical systems. In this context, this work addresses the issue of spectral filtering. I proposed a new design of filter based on the combination of a dielectric waveguide and on a subwavelength metallic grating. In a first time, I fabricated and characterized structures based on this design (with one dimensional 1D or two dimensional 2D geometries). I analyzed in detail the resonance mechanism and I studied the properties of these structures in terms of spectral tunability, polarization behavior, rejection efficiency and angular tolerance. Then, I proposed derivatives of these components with improved rejection efficiency and angular tolerance. Secondarly, I used various derivatives of these components to address angular filtering or multispectral imaging applications. For the latter, a 24-filter matrix has been optimized and integrated inside an infrared multispectral camera for CO2 sensing. Difficulties related to its real use conditions are highlighted and solutions are proposed to improve our results, already promising
Lamy, Catherine. "Communications à grande efficacité spectrale sur le canal à évanouissements". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2000. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001484.
Texto completoGobron, Olivier. "Lasers ultra-stables asservis sur trous-brûlés spectraux : développement en vue d'une application aux horloges optiques". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066034/document.
Texto completoOptical lattice clocks show impressive performances and are begining to raise the question of the redefinition of the SI second. In these systems, an ultra-stable laser is used as local oscillator to probe very narrow optical transitions of neutral atoms trapped in an optical lattice. The ultime stability of these systems, determined by the number of atoms interrogated at each clock cycle, evaluated at a few 10−17/sqrt(tau) (where tau is the integration time), is currently not reached and is limited to a few 10−16/sqrt(tau) by the phase fluctuations of the probe laser. If the enhancement of the ultra-stable cavities, on which are currently stabilized the probe lasers, is widely studied, LNE-SYRTE has adopted a more recent approach where the frequency reference is a spectral hole burned in rare earth doped crystal cooled down at cryogenic temperature (around 4 K). A short term stability of a few 10−18 could be achieved. This thesis describes the construction of the experiment and present the results of a high resolution spectroscopy of narrow spectral holes (FWHM = 3.3 kHz) burned in the crystal Eu3+ : Y2SiO5. The influence of the closed cycle cryostat on the behaviour of the spectral holes is hightlighted and reduced. Finally, an original locking scheme based on a heterodyne detection of a spectral hole and a numerical lock program using FPGA in order to stabilize the laser frequency on the top of the narrow spectral hole is described and shows a short term stability of a few 10−14, which is a first promising result for the future of the project
Vergne, Bertrand. "Synthèse d’ondes électriques picosecondes de puissance par commutation optoélectronique : application aux radars à bande spectrale ultralarge". Limoges, 2006. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/fa4e397c-d909-45fc-bf1c-e263e702a614/blobholder:0/2006LIMO0037.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis was dedicated to the realisation of ultra wide band antenna array radar. This detection system is based on the use of optoelectronic generators. These generators must be able to deliver high power electrical synchronised pulses with an ultra wide band spectrum. This work was based on transfer of Atomic Energy Commission's technology to our laboratory. Temporal and power improvements were the main results ofthis research (<300ps duration for 11kV of peak voltage). AlI these studies led to the development of a propagation behaviour model ofgenerators and a better understanding ofoptical and electrical command's implications on generated signaIs. The coherent combination of the output power emitted by a one dimension antenna array was demonstrated. Moreover, a new optical picosecond source based on pulse chapping process was demonstrated and patented
Tomczak, Marc. "Modélisation arma de séries chronologiques : application à l'automatisation d'un réseau d'irrigation : pplication à l'analyse spectrale, et au traitement d'électroencéphalogrammes non-stationnaires". Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10045.
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