Tesis sobre el tema "Réseaux de contact"
Crea una cita precisa en los estilos APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard y otros
Consulte los 50 mejores tesis para su investigación sobre el tema "Réseaux de contact".
Junto a cada fuente en la lista de referencias hay un botón "Agregar a la bibliografía". Pulsa este botón, y generaremos automáticamente la referencia bibliográfica para la obra elegida en el estilo de cita que necesites: APA, MLA, Harvard, Vancouver, Chicago, etc.
También puede descargar el texto completo de la publicación académica en formato pdf y leer en línea su resumen siempre que esté disponible en los metadatos.
Explore tesis sobre una amplia variedad de disciplinas y organice su bibliografía correctamente.
Machens, Anna. "Processus épidémiques sur réseaux dynamiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4066/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis we contribute to provide insights into questions concerning dynamic epidemic processes on data-driven, temporal networks. In particular, we investigate the influence of data representations on the outcome of epidemic processes, shedding some light on the question how much detail is necessary for the data representation and its dependence on the spreading parameters. By introducing an improvement to the contact matrix representation we provide a data representation that could in the future be integrated into multi-scale epidemic models in order to improve the accuracy of predictions and corresponding immunization strategies. We also point out some of the ways dynamic processes are influenced by temporal properties of the data
Leguay, Jérémie. "Hétérogénéités et Routages dans les Réseaux à Connectivité Intermittente". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00809771.
Texto completoPhe-Neau, Tiphaine. "Properties and Impact of Vicinity in Mobile Opportunistic Networks". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957864.
Texto completoWang, Mengze. "Système radio-fréquences sans contact pour la caractérisation diélectrique de tissus biologiques". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS015.
Texto completoThe characterization of the dielectric properties of organic tissues is a major issue in health diagnosis. These properties reflect the way organic material stores or dissipates the electromagnetic energy transmitted by an external field. They are related to the composition and the structure of the organic medium. Furthermore, they are also related to the nature and the physiological state of a tissue. For that reason the estimation of these properties is very valuable for detecting and/or monitoring the evolution of tissue pathology.Among the existing dielectric characterization methods, we focused on a characterization technique using an inductive antenna, which acts as a transmitter/receiver sensor and allows a contactless implementation between the measuring system and investigated tissue to be carried out. This system is operated in the radio-frequency (RF) band. Indeed, in the RF the device is equally sensitive to both the electrical conductivity and the dielectric permittivity of the tissue. This technique operates in a near-field and therefore a 3D electromagnetic modeling technique is required to accurately model the interactions between the sensor and the investigated tissue.This work deals with the 3D modeling and with the resolution of the inverse problem required to estimate the dielectric parameters of tissues starting from the data provided by the antenna and the outputs of the model. For this purpose, a canonical configuration featuring a filiform circular antenna is considered. This antenna interacts with a “healthy” homogeneous dielectric medium, which possess the macroscopic dielectric parameters of a typical organic tissue (i.e. conductivity 0.6S/m and relative permittivity of 80 at 100 MHz). Meanwhile, a spherical inclusion buried within the tissue is considered to simulate a tissue lesion. This inclusion features a dielectric contrast of 10% up to 50% by reference to the parameters of the “healthy” medium. A 3D modeling of the sensor/tissue interactions is established, which is based on the distributed point source method (DPSM), a versatile semi-analytical modeling technique. The model is adjusted using a parametric study and validated against analytical models (in simplified configurations) and experiments. The implemented DPSM modeling was found to feature a 5% accuracy error, compared to the experimentations, together with offering an acceptable trade-off between accuracy and the computation cost. Finally, we focused on the solving of the inverse problem which consists in estimating the geometric and dielectric parameters of a buried lesion in the “healthy” dielectric medium, starting from the variations of the impedance of the RF antenna. To do so, a behavioral model build up using an artificial neural network (ANN) was established. The model is build using a data base elaborated using the DPSM model. The parameters of the ANN is discussed in order to identify the relevant configuration (frequency, position of the antenna) to estimate the dielectric properties, the size and the position of the inclusion in the tissue. For a single antenna operated at a single frequency, an inclusion of 3cm radius buried as deep at 6 cm within the tissue was located and characterized with estimation errors of the order of 7%.The methodologies developed in these works open the way to the diagnosis of more complex material (such as layered tissues), using promising techniques such as multi-frequency non contact RF antenna arrays
Were, Vincent Otaba. "Aspects des réseaux transfrontaliers à Busia (Kenya / Ouganda) : analyse des pratiques et des représentations sociales des langues". Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA1021.
Texto completoThis thesis falls within the context of research on representation (Moscovici, 1961; de Lauwe, 1969; Doise, 1979; Jodelet, 1989; Abric, 1989; Boyer, 1991) and social network (Barnes, 1954; Boissevain, 1968; Milroy, 1980; Elkaïm, 1987; Colonomos, 1995). Its objectives are: to study language status and representation with the aim of highlighting the typology of language contact in the border town of Busia (Kenya /Ouganda). It also seeks to conceptualise what the people in this border town understand by the word « border », and consequently, determine the kind of cross border networks that exist. Data collection methods used in this research (questionnaires and interviews) are borrowed from sociology (Caplow, 1970). This is because methods used in sociology are equally useful tools in sociolinguistic analysis - multilingualism in this case. Africa has integrated itself into different RECs (Regional Economic Communities) without concrete measures on language issues in place, especially in border areas. Busia border town is a good case study because it is a place for trade, communication and numerous networks between different classes of cross border and East African people. Due to this mobility, linguistic issues like language practice and policy arise. It also leads to understanding how languages used in daily communication are psychologically perceived, as well as their social and sociological influence. Knowing languages that are complementary to one another and/or in competition in day to day practice is useful in the sense that researchers can use it to propose appropriate measures that should be taken by political leaders. This is because countries’ and peoples’ development goes hand in hand with language
Haberer, Isabelle. "Photoinscription de gradients d'indice dans des hydrogels par formation de réseaux interpénétrés : optimisation du procédé, caractérisation des produits et application à l'optique de contact". Mulhouse, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MULH0343.
Texto completoPhe-Neau, Tiphaine. "Properties and Impact of Vicinity in Mobile Opportunistic Networks". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066003.
Texto completoThe networking paradigm uses new information vectors consisting of human carried devices is known as disruption-tolerant networks (DTN) or opportunistic networks. We identify the binary assertion issue in DTN. We notice how most DTNs mainly analyze nodes that are in contact. So all nodes that are not in contact are in intercontact. Nevertheless, when two nodes are not in contact, this does not mean that they are topologically far away from one another. We propose a formal definition of vicinities in DTNs and study the new resulting contact/intercontact temporal characterization. Then, we examine the internal organization of vicinities using the Vicinity Motion framework. We highlight movement types such as birth, death, and sequential moves. We analyze a number of their characteristics and extract vicinity usage directions for mobile networks. Based on the vicinity motion outputs and extracted directions, we build the TiGeR that simulates how pairs of nodes interact within their vicinities. Finally, we inquire about the possibilities of vicinity movement prediction in opportunistic networks. We expose a Vicinity Motion-based heuristic for pairwise shortest distance forecasting. We use two Vicinity Motion variants called AVM and SVM to collect vicinity information. We find that both heuristics perform quite well with performances up to 99% for SVM and around 40% for AVM
Hazem, Nesrine. "Conscience de soi et contact interindividuel : études en électrophysiologie et magnétoencéphalographie". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS087/document.
Texto completoSituations of interpersonal contact could contribute to the construction of a basic sense of self during childhood and to self-representations through lifespan. Although this hypothesis is widespread in the literature, the effect of social contact on self-awareness has been rarely been investigated experimentally. The aim of this PhD thesis is to investigate such an effect in human adults. In two studies combining electrophysiological measurements and behavioural responses, we show an enhancement of a minimal form of self-awareness – i.e. of the afferent information arising from the body – following social contact. This is reproduced across three sensory modalities (visual, auditory and tactile social contact). In a third study, we use magnetoencephalography to test the effect of an increased (vs reduced) multisensory interpersonal contact context between an experimenter and participants, on the functional connectivity of resting-state networks and on the participants’ thought contents. Our results revealed an enhancement of self-oriented cognitive and brain processes in a highly integrated form, associated to a decrease in externally oriented sensory processes, as a result of the social context of increased interpersonal contact. Together, our results suggest that social contact enhances multiple facets of self-representation, including basic bodily aspects of a minimal self, as well as higher level and integrated aspects of a narrative self. Our social interactions throughout lifespan may thus induce a cerebral and cognitive context centred on a multifaceted self, which would foster self-awareness and the construction of an embodied and embedded sense of identity
Debray, Kévin. "Phylogenomics of the genus Rosa : hybridization and polyploidy as factors for diversification". Thesis, Angers, 2020. http://bu.univ-angers.fr/Contact.
Texto completoThe genus Rosa comprises 150-200 species well distributed in the northern hemisphere and has a complex evolutionary history. Hybridization and polyploidy are major evolutionary forces in Rosa although both processes have hardly been taken into account in recent phylogenies. With the recent acquisition of complete genomes and the development of high-throughput sequencing techniques, the aim of this thesis was to develop a general phylogenomic framework to resolve phylogenetic relationships within large and complex taxonomic groups consisting of close taxa, as in Rosa. The exploitation of publicly available complete genomes made it possible to extract 1856 short orthologue sequences in single copy (SCOTags) of phylogenetic interest. Ninety-two SCOTags from the nuclear genome and four SCOTags from the chloroplast genome were targeted in 126 species using mircrofluidic PCR and amplicon sequencing. The large amount of data generated by sequencing made it possible to estimate the ploidy level of each accession and to assemble allelic sequences that were later used to trace the hybrid origin of certain taxa. A stepwise approach wasThe genus Rosa comprises 150-200 species well distributed in the northern hemisphere and has a complex evolutionary history. developed to progressively reveal the reticulated patterns in Rosa. Robust nuclear and chloroplastic phylogenies were obtained as well as detailed hybridization scenarios for several specimens. Finally, the resolving power of microsatellite markers was studied to delineate closely related species. Many large and complex taxonomic groups can now be studied using this stepwise approach
Bertier, Clément. "Quantification in Device-to-Device Networks : from Link Estimation to Graph Utility". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS250.
Texto completoDevice-to-device (D2D) communications are valuable in several domains, such as data offloading and diffusion, as their cost is only a fraction of what regular cellular communication would have. In this thesis, we argue that understanding the potential utility behind direct communications is key to quantifying the realization of contact networks. We tackle related questions from two distinct, yet complementary contributions. Firstly, we consider the problem of estimating the importance of a node in large dynamic topologies. We propose a novel approach to estimate centralities based on a pre-established database, where the estimation is based on the geographical coordinates of the node instead of the identifier of the node. Doing so enables us to estimate the centrality of a node for a fraction of the computational cost. Secondly, we quantify the value of direct links through an experimental measurement campaign. Using an Android tool of our making, we derived a model to obtain an estimate of the upper-bound of D2D throughput based on the distance between the devices. Thirdly, we investigate the differences between the traditional quantification of a contact and the model extracted from our measurements campaigns. Among other results, we reveal that when considering an adaptive throughput according to the distance between two devices, the long-distance data-exchange makes up more than 50% of the total data exchanged in the entire network. We propose a tool to extract from mobility datasets the volume of data obtained, based on specific contact quantification strategies
Demianenko, Pavlo. "Développement de matériaux polymères à haute perméabilité d’oxygène". Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA1008/document.
Texto completoTo design a material for contact lens application, the candidate materials must satisfy several requirements, including theoptical transparency, the chemical and thermal stability. In addition, since the material is directly in contact with the eyetissue, it should be tear wettable, biocompatible, biofouling resistant and oxygen permeable. Oxygen permeability (Dk) isan important parameter for the contact lens design as it is representative of the lens ability to diffuse oxygen at the eye.In this context, we are following two ways for a new formulation answering to these constrains. First, this research is focusedon the simultaneous or two-step synthesis of IPNs (interpenetrating polymer network) as a means to obtain a cocontinuousphases structure. Among the available biocompatible monomers, the work was initially focused on the achievement of IPN's based on a fluorinated acrylate - TFEM (2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate) and the 1 -vinyl-2 -pyrrolidone (NVP). Such a system is compared to IPN's based on a siloxane monomer - TRIS (3 - [tris (trimethylsiloxy) silyl] propyl methacrylate]), well known in the field of contact lens thanks to its properties of oxygen transport. These systems are chosen as a reference. In a second part, our research was concentrated on the development of IPN based on alginate and polyacrylamide which have demonstrated attractive properties for biomedical applications, especially their mechanical properties. Several formulations of biocompatible hydrogels were prepared and the influence of their composition on the interest properties is described. These hydrogels are characterized from a chemical point of view by FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS chromatography, from themorphological point of view by SEM microscopy in order to prove the presence of co-continuous phases. The mechanicalproperties were also investigated. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine and quantify theabsorbed water in its various thermodynamic states. The oxygen permeability was measured by polarographicelectrochemical method and relations between this parameter and gel swelling and structural properties discussed. Anotherpart of the project is computational simulation of hydrogel systems and its physico-chemical properties. Especially, wewere focused on modeling of various physic-chemical processes in hydrogels such as their swelling in water anddiffusion of gases molecules. We used molecular dynamics method (MD) with the COMPASS force field to be able tomodel polymer systems widely used in contact lens field
Abboud, Rita. "Méthode de mesure sans contact de la température intégrée au rotor d’une machine électrique tournante au moyen d’une fibre optique à réseaux de Bragg". Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COMP2645.
Texto completoIn the transportation system domain, heating problems appear with the temperature increase in different types of electrical machines. In the classical design of electrical machines, thermal analysis should be considered in the initial design, control and monitoring of electrical machines. The measurement of local temperature especially in the rotor is important for several reasons such as extending the lifetime of the electrical machine components, and localizing the hot spots inside the machine which allows the development of appropriate cooling systems and protects the machine. Numerous approaches for temperature measurement can be used such as thermocouples, thermistors, infrared sensors or infra-red cameras. This thesis presents a non-contact technique that measures the temperature of the rotor of a small machine using Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) sensor. Monitoring local temperature especially inside the rotor is important in order to detect early thermal aging of the machine. Hot spot in the rotating parts can be localized by using this technique. The main originality of the proposed work is measuring high temperatures (70°C) with high speed of rotation (860 RPM) of rotating machines and most importantly integrating the FBG sensor into a geometrically small scale electrical rotor of vehicles. The FBG sensor response has been simulated using Transfer matrix method (TMM). After that, the FBG has been calibrated from 20 °C to 70 °C using a heating furnace fabricated at our laboratory. A small rotating machine with embedded FBG has then been designed and fabricated. The temperature of the rotor has been changed while rotating the machine and wavelength shifts due to temperature variations have been experimentally measured up to 860 RPM. A temperature sensitivity of 4.7 pm/°C have been experimentally reached. The ability of this sensor to monitor real time temperature variations of the rotor has been experimentally validated
Medjiah, Samir. "Optimisation des protocoles de routage dans les réseaux multi-sauts sans fil à contraintes". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14663/document.
Texto completoGreat research efforts have been carried out in the field of challenged multihop wireless networks (MWNs). Thanks to the evolution of the Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology and nanotechnologies, multihop wireless networks have been the solution of choice for a plethora of problems. The main advantage of these networks is their low manufacturing cost that permits one-time application lifecycle. However, if nodes are low-costly to produce, they are also less capable in terms of radio range, bandwidth, processing power, memory, energy, etc. Thus, applications need to be carefully designed and especially the routing task because radio communication is the most energy-consuming functionality and energy is the main issue for challenged multihop wireless networks.The aim of this thesis is to analyse the different challenges that govern the design of challenged multihop wireless networks such as applications challenges in terms of quality of service (QoS), fault-tolerance, data delivery model, etc., but also networking challenges in terms of dynamic network topology, topology voids, etc. Our contributions in this thesis focus on the optimization of routing under different application requirements and network constraints. First, we propose an online multipath routing protocol for QoS-based applications using wireless multimedia sensor networks. The proposed protocol relies on the construction of multiple paths while transmitting data packets to their destination, i.e. without prior topology discovery and path establishment. This protocol achieves parallel transmissions and enhances the end-to-end transmission by maximizing path bandwidth and minimizing the delays, and thus meets the requirements of QoS-based applications. Second, we tackle the problem of routing in mobile delay-tolerant networks by studying the intermittent connectivity of nodes and deriving a contact model in order to forecast future nodes' contacts. Based upon this contact model, we propose a routing protocol that makes use of nodes' locations, nodes' trajectories, and inter-node contact prediction in order to perform forwarding decisions. The proposed routing protocol achieves low end-to-end delays while using efficiently constrained nodes' resources in terms of memory (packet queue occupancy) and processing power (forecasting algorithm). Finally, we present a topology control mechanism along a packet forwarding algorithm for event-driven applications using stationary wireless sensor networks. Topology control is achieved by using a distributed duty-cycle scheduling algorithm. Algorithm parameters can be tuned according to the desired node's awake neighbourhood size. The proposed topology control mechanism ensures trade-off between event-reporting delay and energy consumption
N'Guessan, Kahan. "Méthodes et outils d'aide au diagnostic et à la maintenance des tableaux électriques généraux par le suivi des grandeurs physiques caractéristiques et de leur fonctionnement". Grenoble INPG, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPG0172.
Texto completoThe switchboard is a key element of any electrical installation. It incorporates devices designed to distribute electrical power and protect circuits and people. This PhD work deals with an entire system of monitoring and diagnosis of Low Voltage (LV) switchboards based on the measurements of temperatures, and currents. This innovating system meets the needs to prevent the breakdowns of LV switchboards, which, although rare, can involve huge financial and human loss. The thermal measurements are do ne by wireless thermal sensor. The measured data are transmitted via internet and collected in a server, to be centrally processed. This centralized data processing includes a local detection of failures and a global diagnosis which leads to sorne maintenance recommendations. This work is focused on, the detection stage, and the global diagnosis. Sorne results based on experimental data and expertise's information are presented to validate the feasibility of the methods implemented
Lyvan, Kévin. "Etude de matériaux élastiques définis par des barres : application à la simulation en chirurgie endoscopique". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30117.
Texto completoThis thesis develops an approach by rods lattice of linear and non linear continuum elastic media model. We apply results to the live tissues modelling in an objective to build an endoscopic surgery simulator. In a first chapter we have studied a rod structure link by hinges under small deformation hypothesis. When the web is composed by periodic cells, we have applied results from homogenisation methods to establish the convergence of the model when the cells diameter tends to 0. If hinges are inert we have shown that the limit material's Poisson ratio is constant and equal to 1/4 for any mesh. In a second chapter, we have considered a hyper elastic media like Ogden material. We have established that the P1- finite element approach is equivalent to a certain hyper elastic rods structures energy minimization problem and we have shown a convergence result for certain types of periodical web. This study is completed by an analysis of different mathematical methods to approach a hyper elastic material by periodic rods structure composed by a non-conform mesh. This approach is applied for the live tissue modelling. .
Nguyen, Anh-Dung. "Contributions to modeling, structural analysis, and routing performance in dynamic networks". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9725/1/nguyen.pdf.
Texto completoAmrous, Ania. "Etude d'auto-assemblages moléculaires sur surfaces isolantes par microscopie à force atomique en mode non-contact sous ultravide à température ambiante". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4368.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we report the results obtained with the growth of highly crystalline and stable supramolecular assemblies at room temperature on insulating surfaces of bulk alkali halides single crystals. The objective of this study is to structurally characterize these self-assembled networks and understand all the interaction forces involved in the growth and diffusion processes. This is performed by joint non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) experiments in ultrahigh vacuum and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics. We show how well-defined parameters for the choice of the molecule on the one hand such as size, shape, symmetry, flexibility and functionality, and the choice of the substrate on the other hand, influence the morphology growth and serve to steer the structure and diffusion properties of such systems
Courtejoie, Noémie. "Modélisation de la dynamique et du contrôle de la fièvre catarrhale ovine en France". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC0013.
Texto completoBluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) spread throughout France in 2007/09 and had a strong economic impact. Vaccination, first mandatory then voluntary, allowed regaining a disease-free status in December 2012, but a new outbreak occurred in August 2015. BTV-8 may have kept circulating all along. The aim of this thesis was to clarify the epidemiology of BTV-8 from emergence to re-emergence and to provide a critical analysis of surveillance and control measures, using various modelling tools. Using risk factor analyses, we characterized the immunity of cattle at the time of re-emergence and detected low-level BTV-8 circulation prior to that date. Using catalytic models developed in a Bayesian context, we added a time dimension, we separated the contribution of seroconversion mechanisms (infection and vaccination) and transmission mechanisms (vector-borne and transplacental), we estimated the burden of infection and the probability of vertical transmission (> 50% in 2016), and we assessed the coverage of voluntary vaccination (poorly implemented in 2011/12, with regional contrasts). We synthesized all available information and developed a mathematical, dynamic and stochastic model, using contact networks to represent different types of host and vector movements. We identified the control measures that had been effective (mandatory vaccination, trade restrictions), and suggested alternative ones (targeting emergency vaccination ahead of the front, controlling movements on pastures). Finally, we provided arguments in favor of a continuous and undetected BTV-8 circulation
Richard, Sophie-Anna. "L'appartenance à un réseau de distribution : contribution à l'étude des réseaux". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON10029.
Texto completoWhat is a distribution network ? The question may surprise a few given the acceptance of the notion. However, we have to notice that this notion has not reached its quest of identity. The first part of the research aims at verifying the founding principles of each theory. Actually, it appears that the distribution network finds its place beyond the group of contracts qualification and below the qualification of Institution. Based on a group of contracts, it reveals its institutional aspects through the existence of private standards, relations of power and the sharing of an identity. These elements invite to see a community there organized around a public interest having an existence different from that of the members. Nevertheless, the analysis of the distribution network prevents from considering that it constitutes such a community. From then on, the research for the legal nature of the distribution network allows to move forward that this notion is inflexible in the existing legal categories.The second part of the research aims at asserting the particularisms of the notion of distribution network. The distribution network is characterized by an original synergy. Its legal regime builds itself on an arbitration between the diverse interests concerned by the existence of this structure. These reports allow to move forward that it constitutes a notion convenient to the elaboration of a legal category gathering multipartite organization, based on a group of contracts and a relationship without subordination, that are symbolized by a synergy that involves the allocation of material and human resources to the simultaneous development of both the global economic activity and the activity of each member of the group, creating a synergy between their different but convergent own personal interests, source of mutual interest
Quiban, Romain. "Modélisation des pertes de puissance d’engrenages spiro-coniques lubrifiés par bain d’huile : Application à une boîte de transmission arrière d’hélicoptère". Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI066.
Texto completoThe current environmental context is driving the aeronautic industry towards new design criteria. On the one hand, governments demand emission reductions of pollutants and on the other hand, customers, i.e. aircraft manufacturers, are pushing to reduce fuel consumption. Both of these goals can be achieved through efficiency improvements. As such, it is important to understand and quantify losses generated in power transmission systems. The objective of this study is to model the power losses of an helicopter tail gearbox. These gearboxes are generally characterized by the presence a spiral bevel gear and oil bath lubrication. A test campaign on an elementary test bench was carried out to measure the resistive torque of spiral-bevel wheels rotating in an oil bath. An uncommon evolution of the torque with the rotational speed was observed. From these results, a simple analytical model has been developed for the calculation of power losses. This model was then validated on a tail helicopter gearbox application, for which resistive torque and temperature measurements were made
Amrous, Ania. "Etude d'auto-assemblages moléculaires sur surfaces isolantes par microscopie à force atomique en mode non-contact sous ultravide à température ambiante". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4368.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we report the results obtained with the growth of highly crystalline and stable supramolecular assemblies at room temperature on insulating surfaces of bulk alkali halides single crystals. The objective of this study is to structurally characterize these self-assembled networks and understand all the interaction forces involved in the growth and diffusion processes. This is performed by joint non-contact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) experiments in ultrahigh vacuum and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics. We show how well-defined parameters for the choice of the molecule on the one hand such as size, shape, symmetry, flexibility and functionality, and the choice of the substrate on the other hand, influence the morphology growth and serve to steer the structure and diffusion properties of such systems
Darbon, Alexandre. "Épidémiologie sur réseau pour l'évaluation des risques dans la prévention et le contrôle des infections Network-based assessment of the vulnerability of Italian regions to bovine brucellosis Disease persistence on temporal contact networks accounting for heterogeneous infectious periods". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS077.
Texto completoMy doctoral thesis aims to propose solutions against the spread of infectious diseases in specific contexts, taking into account how host contacts evolve in time using a temporal network representation. It focuses on the determination of the epidemic threshold, a key indicator of the epidemic risk. By leveraging and extending a mathematical formalism from network theory, this work enables the computation of the epidemic threshold in real situations in order to identify public health measures. A first project addresses the persistence of bovine brucellosis in Italy despite the existing eradication measures. Using comprehensive data on cattle movements between Italian farms over several years, as well as time-stamped outbreak records, the epidemic threshold computation in each region of the country provides information on regions vulnerability and proposes factors that may explain disease persistence. An extension of the formalism is then presented, including heterogeneous average infectious periods in the epidemic threshold computation. This work shows in different epidemiological contexts how the classical assumption that the average infectious period is the same for all hosts in a population may bias epidemic risk assessments. This method also identifies the hosts in a population that are primarily responsible for the global epidemic risk
Goussard, Valentin. "Nouveaux émollients biosourcés : modélisation, synthèse, propriétés physicochimiques et fonctionnelles". Thesis, Lille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1R003.
Texto completoAn increased awareness of both persistence and bioaccumulation in the environment of volatile cyclic silicones such as decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), has rendered the regulation in cosmetic field more stringent. In the meantime, consumers are increasingly responsive to natural products and require the same sensorial profile as the one offered by D5. These evolutions encouraged industrials to find biosourced alternatives to cyclomethicones. In this work, highlighting relationships between the sensorial profile of cosmetic emollients, their physicochemical properties and their structural characteristics has led to the identification of original chemical structures, which offer physicochemical properties as close as possible to those of D5. The use of in silico syntheses allows to generate several new virtual candidate emollients to improve spreading on the skin surface and reach the light and smooth after-feel offered by the D5. Based on neural networks modeling, three new predictive models tested on a set of commercial emollients were used to predict accurately the physicochemical properties (surface tension, viscosity and boiling point) of virtual emollients, which has led to the identification of the most promising candidates. Then, these candidates have been synthesized, characterized and benchmarked against commercial emollients. Combining the most promising candidates with other cosmetic oils has resulted in high synergistic effects, offering the possibility to significantly improve the spreading properties of candidate emollients. Finally, emulsions have been formulated with some of the newly developed emollients
Guifo, Fodjo A. Yvan. "Séparation des préoccupations dans les modèles compartimentaux étendus". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS262.
Texto completoMathematical modeling and computer simulation have very often contributed to improving our understanding, prediction, and decision making in the face of epidemics. However, a problem that is often encountered in the development and implementation of epidemiological models is the mixing of different aspects of the model. Indeed, epidemiological models become more and more complex as new concerns are taken into account (age, gender, spatial heterogeneity, containment or vaccination policies, etc.). These aspects, which are usually intertwined, make models difficult to extend, modify or reuse. In mathematical modeling applied to epidemiology, two main approaches are considered. The first one, the "compartmental models", has proven to be robust and provides fairly good results for many diseases. However, it does not take into account some sources of heterogeneity. The second approach, based on "contact networks", has proven to be intuitive to represent contacts between individuals and brings very good results concerning the prediction of epidemics. However, this approach requires more effort during the implementation. A solution to this problem has been proposed: Kendrick. It is a modeling and simulation tool and approach that has shown promising results in separating epidemiological concerns, by defining them as stochastic automata (continuous time markov chain), which can then be combined using an associative and pseudo commutative tensor sum operator. However, a significant limitation of this approach is its restricted application to compartmental models. Taking into account the particularities and shortcomings of each approach, in this research work, we propose a combined approach between compartmental models and contact network models. The aim is to generalize the Kendrick approach to take into account certain aspects of contact networks in order to improve the predictive quality of models with significant heterogeneity in the structure of the contacts, while maintaining the simplicity of compartmental models. To achieve this, this extension of compartmental models is made possible by applying the infection force formalism of Bansal et al (2007) and the behavioral Template Method Design Pattern. The result is an approach that is easy to define, analyze and simulate. We validated this approach on different techniques to generalize compartmental models. Simulation results showed that our approach succeeds in capturing the aspects of contact network models within the compartmental framework while improving the prediction quality of the Kendrick tool and does not deviate from a typical simulation approach on a contact network model
Deslauriers, Mark-André. "Retrofit de systèmes de revalorisation de chaleur industrielle à basse température par optimisation exergo-économique". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9730.
Texto completoHanane, Oumâarir. "Importance du réseau de contacts pour les travailleurs autonomes". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2001. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2781/1/000680647.pdf.
Texto completoNguyen, Anh Dung. "Contributions to Modeling, Structural Analysis, and Routing Performance in Dynamic Networks". Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00908502.
Texto completoBensefa-Colas, Lynda. "Analyse des dermatoses professionnelles au sein du réseau national de vigilance et de prévention des pathologies professionnelles (RNV3P) : distribution, tendances et situations professionnelles à risque". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB155.
Texto completoBackground: In Europe, occupational skin disease is one of the major causes of work-related diseases, among them occupational contact dermatitis (OCD) accounts for 80% of all cases of OSD reported, but data about sectors and agents at risk remains sparse. Objectives: 1) to study OCD trends in terms of industrial activities and main causal agents, 2) to describe industrial sectors or occupations at risk of OCD. Method: Data were collected from the French National Network of Occupational Disease Surveillance and Prevention (RNV3P) during 2001-2010 period, based on the 32 French Occupational and Environmental Disease Consultation Centres. All allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritative contact dermatitis (ICD) and contact urticaria (CU) probably or certainly work-related were included in the study. Trends were examined (i) on annual crude numbers of OCD and (ii) on reported odds-ratios of OCD calculated using logistic regression models. Results: 5990 OCD cases were included and concerned more frequently young age classes among women and older age classes among men. Industrial sectors more commonly involved in OCD concerned in decreasing order: health and social work activities, personal service activities, construction, metal industry, public administrations, other business activities, retail trade and repair of motor vehicles, and hotels and restaurants. According to trend analysis of OCD cases, cosmetics (including soaps and fragrances) and biocides increased significantly in health and social work activities; hairdressing products and cosmetics (mainly soaps) in personal service activities (including primarily hairdressers). In construction sector, ACD due to epoxy resins increased during the study period and concomitantly, ICD attributed to cement did not decrease underlying the lack of prevention in this sector at risk. ACD due to metals increased in other business activities mainly occupied by cleaning staff. We showed a rise of ACD due to isothiazolinone compounds whatever the sector. Besides, we have shown the impact of regulatory measures or prevention campaign on OCD: (i) a significant reduction by almost half in the occurrence of ACD attributed to chromate in cement which coincides with the implementation of the European Cement directive and we obtained similar results to a study based on the UK EPIDERM network; (ii) the effectiveness of latex exposure prevention measures for health care workers since half of 2000s and (iii) the wide use of disinfection with an alcohol-based solution in health and social work activity followed by a significant reduction of ICD due to iterative handwashing with soap. Conclusion: RNV3P data allowed to highlight causal agents involved in sectors most at risk of OCD. These results might help intervention policy in health and safety at work and allergy prevention. They also showed the effectiveness of preventative intervention on OCD, suggesting that RNV3P reporting scheme is useful in France to evaluate intervention policy in health and safety at work
Voiry, Matthieu. "Étude et conception d'un système automatisé de contrôle d'aspect des pièces optiques basé sur des techniques connexionnistes". Thesis, Paris Est, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PEST0077/document.
Texto completoIn various industrial fields, the problem of diagnosis is of great interest. For example, the check of surface imperfections on an optical device is necessary to guarantee its operational performances. The conventional control method, based on human expert visual inspection, suffers from limitations, which become critical for some high-performances components. In this context, this thesis deals with the design of an automatic system, able to carry out the diagnosis of appearance flaws. To fulfil the time constraints, the suggested solution uses two sensors working on different scales. We present one of them based on Normarski microscopy, and the image processing methods which allow, starting from issued data, to detect the defects and to determine roughness in a reliable way. The development of an operational prototype, able to check small optical components, validates the proposed techniques. The final diagnosis also requires a classification phase. Indeed, if the permanent defects are detected, many “false” defects (dust, cleaning marks. . . ) are emphasized as well. This complex problem is solved by a MLP Artificial Neural Network using an invariant description of the defects. This representation, resulting from the Fourier-Mellin transform, is a high dimensional vector, what implies some problems linked to the “curse of dimensionality”. In order to limit these harmful effects, various dimensionality reduction techniques (Self Organizing Map, Curvilinear Component Analysis and Curvilinear Distance Analysis) are investigated. On one hand we show that CCA and CDA are more powerful than SOM in terms of projection quality. On the other hand, these methods allow using more simple classifiers with equal performances. Finally, a modular neural network, which exploits local models, is developed. We proposed a new classification problems decomposition scheme, based on the intrinsic dimension concept. The obtained data clusters of homogeneous dimensionality have a physical meaning and permit to reduce significantly the training phase of the classifier, while improving its generalization performances
Allard, Antoine. "Modélisation mathématique en épidémiologie par réseaux de contacts : introduction de l'hétérogénéité dans la transmissibilité". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25738/25738.pdf.
Texto completoNégru, Daniel. "Un Eco-système de Médias Réseaux basé sur la Conscience du Contexte, du Réseau et du Contenu à destination de l'Internet Media du Futur". Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01012046.
Texto completoBeligha, Yvan. "Réseaux de distribution et protection". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0297.
Texto completoIf the reality of the network is not in doubt, its legal recognition still has to be ratified. It is generally presented as a sum of contracts organizing relations between the supplier and its distributors. This results in a double consequence. From an internal point of view, only the bilateral link established between the supplier and each distributor is privileged, so that the protection in the network is only equivalent to the protection of the parties to the contract. Still, the asymmetry of power between the parties and the distributor's dependence may give rise to fears of abuses on the part of the supplier, imbalances that the law of obligations and competition try to stem. From an external point of view, the network is devoid of any legal consistency with regard to third parties, this is particularly evident in the context of parallel trade for which it is considered that the existence of the network is not sufficient to prohibit third parties to resell in parallel. The value of the network and the damage done to it are therefore not taken into account. The objective of this study is therefore to integrate the existence of the network within the existing intrinsic and extrinsic protection regime. Highlighting the holistic dimension of the network will lead us from the current protection regime by integrating the impact and consideration of the network
Araldo, Andrea Giuseppe. "Design and Evaluation of Enhanced Network Caching Systems to Improve Content Delivery in the Internet". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS318/document.
Texto completoNetwork caching can help copewith today Internet traffic explosion and sustainthe demand for an increasing user Quality ofExperience. Nonetheless, the techniquesproposed in the literature do not exploit all thepotential benefits. Indeed, they usually aim tooptimize hit ratio or other network-centricmetrics, e.g. path length, latency, etc., whilenetwork operators are more focused on moremore practical metrics, like cost and quality ofexperience. We devise caching techniques thatdirectly target the latter objectives and showthat this allows to gain better performance.More specifically, we first propose novelstrategies that reduce the Internet ServiceProvider (ISP) operational cost, bypreferentially caching the objects whose cost ofretrieval is the largest.We then focus on video delivery, since it is themost sensitive to QoE and represents most ofthe Internet traffic. Classic techniques ignorethat each video is represented by differentrepresentations, encoded at different bit-ratesand resolutions. We devise techniques that takethis into account.Finally, we point out that the techniquespresented in the literature assume the perfectknowledge of the objects that are crossing thenetwork. Nonetheless, most of the traffic todayis encrypted and thus caching techniques areinapplicable. To overcome this limit, Wepropose a mechanism which allows the ISPs tocache, even without knowing the objects being
Reggani, Ahlem. "Réseaux domestiques et mobiles : Mesures,analyses, et modèles". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01020238.
Texto completoColosi, Elisabetta. "Modélisation de la propagation de COVID-19 dans les établissements scolaires afin de maintenir l'apprentissage en personne en toute sécurité". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS416.pdf.
Texto completoWhen COVID-19 emerged as a global pandemic in March 2020, schools were among the first settings to be closed to curb the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, the choice of closing school for a relatively long time was quite controversial and largely debated, especially for the harmful effects on students’ well-being and learning development. Therefore, governments worldwide gradually reintroduced in-person activities in schools, implementing various control measures to manage positive cases. The approaches taken by different countries varied, with some adopting reactive strategies in response to confirmed cases, while others implemented more proactive measures as the pandemic progressed. Schools remained vulnerable environments, especially in the absence of vaccination for younger students and the emergence of more contagious variants such as Delta and Omicron. In this thesis, I estimated the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 within schools for different variants and evaluated a range of testing and screening strategies to provide safe options for keeping schools open while minimizing educational disruption. To achieve this aim, I developed an agent-based model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 spread through face-to-face interactions among students and teachers in a primary and secondary school in France under different epidemic contexts. I fitted the model to the student prevalence data gathered from pilot and experimental screening campaigns conducted in specific pandemic phases, from the emergence of the Alpha variant in 2021 to the Omicron variant in early 2022 in France. I thus estimated the effective reproductive number in both schools and the contribution of school-based transmission to the overall spread in children. I then assessed the effectiveness of different intervention protocols in limiting importation and onward transmission, reducing school absence, and optimizing testing resources through a cost-benefit analysis. The results contained in this dissertation shed light on the role of school contacts as a potential source of renewed transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic, showing that transmission in schools represented a considerable contribution. According to our results, regular screening with large enough adherence can reduce cases and absences even under high-incidence conditions, as experienced during the Omicron wave of early 2022. The higher effectiveness achieved by weekly screening compared to reactive strategies is also confirmed by our retrospective analysis of a real-world experiment in a selected number of French primary schools during the Delta and Omicron waves between the end of 2021 and the beginning of 2022. Although COVID-19 no longer represents a global emergency, it will continue to circulate with other seasonal respiratory viruses (i.e., influenza, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, etc.) in children during the winter. The modelling framework developed in this thesis is well-suited for studying the transmission of respiratory viruses in densely populated settings, such as schools, quantifying the extent, and evaluating the impact of potential mitigation measures in the future
Tédenac, Bruno. "Modélisation des propriétés diélectriques de matériaux composites : méthode des réseaux électriques équivalents". Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11052.
Texto completoWang, Chunan. "Essays on Delay Reduction Contract, Airline Networks and Agricultural Land Marketization". Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10024/document.
Texto completoThis thesis consists of three self-contained papers, each of which corresponds to one chapter. The first chapter, jointly written with Estelle Malavolti, studies the optimal design of delay reduction contract signed between an ANSP and a monopoly airline. In the contract design, we mainly consider the adverse selection problem. Moreover, we conduct comparative-static analysis to study the effects of safety standard and flight frequency on optimal contracts. Besides, we use numerical examples to study when a welfare-maximizing ANSP has to use public funds to provide the service. The second chapter investigates the dual roles of congestion delays and horizontal product differentiation in airline network choice. I find that, first, because of the inclusion of congestion delays, the airline may choose the point-to-point network even when the extra travel time disutility of one-stop services is relatively low. Second, without considering the airline's fixed investments of developing a hub airport, the 2-hub network will dominate the three other network structures as long as it is feasible, as it involves the horizontal product differentiation in more markets than the three other network structures. The third chapter, jointly written with Wanjun Yao and Shigeyuki Hamori, empirically finds that the higher land allocation efficiency improves the average land productivity by 29.1% and the larger average operational farm size reduces the average land productivity by 9.2%, implying that the agricultural land marketization in China finally improves the average land productivity by 19.9%
Para, Franck. "Nanostructures organiques en régimes supra-moléculaire et covalent sur substrats diélectriques : propriétés structurales et optiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0289.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the study of the influence of the structure of matter at the atomic scale on its macroscopic properties. Thereto, the IM2NP Nanostructuration team masters the synthesis and characterization of functionalized organic nanostructureson solid surfaces. Specifically, this work focuses on the study of the structural and optical properties of organic nanostructures grown on dielectric single-crystalline alkaly halides substrates under ultra-high vacuum and ambient temperature. Experiments are carried out by non-contact Atomic Force Microscopy (structural properties) and by Differential Reflectance Spectroscopy (optical properties of UV-visible absorption). Two distinct growth regimes have been investigated, with different molecules each. The first system involves supramolecular nanostructures of bis-pyrenes molecules grown on KCl(001) and NaCl(001). The combined study of their structural and optical properties, from the sub-monolayer to the multilayer regime, allows us to quantitatively extract the dielectric function of the layers at the different stages of their growth. The second system deals with a more recent topic in the surface science community, namely on-surface synthesis. In this case, upon adsorption, the molecules bind together covalently, which results in nanostructures that are more cohesive than in the supramolecular regime. We have evidenced the formation of covalent structures by free-radical polymers of dimaleimide on KCl(001) under UV illumination
Mezghani, Farouk. "La dissémination de contenus dans les réseaux véhiculaires". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/14471/1/Mezghani_Farouk_INPT.pdf.
Texto completoCao, Yaofu. "Modélisation du contexte social : application aux réseaux opportunistes". Thesis, Troyes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TROY0002/document.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the dynamic adaptation of context-aware applications using information related to the social environment of users to enrich the service rendered by the applications. To achieve this goal our contribution mobilizes multidimensional modeling of the different levels of social contexts, especially the weight of the relationship between the actors. Particularly, we synthesize not only social contexts related to familiarity but also social contexts reasoned from the similarity of static and dynamic communities. Two models based on respectively graphs and ontologies are proposed in order to satisfy the heterogeneity of the social networks in real life. We use the actual data gathered on online social networking services for conducting experiments and the results are analyzed by checking the effectiveness of the models. In parallel we consider the point of view of the application, and we present two algorithms using social contexts to improve the strategy of transmission of data in the opportunistic network, particularly countermeasure against selfish nodes. The simulations of real scenarios confirm the advantages of introducing social contexts in terms of success rate and delay of transmission. We carry out a comparison with other popular transmission algorithms in the literature
Fournet, Julie. "Contacts entre individus : analyse et application à l'étude de la propagation de maladies infectieuses". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4043/document.
Texto completoFace-to-face contacts between individuals contribute to shape social networks and play an important role in determining how infectious diseases can spread within a population. Recently, technological advances have made it possible to obtain accurate data on human interactions.This thesis first presents the analysis of contact data collected three years in a row (2011, 2012 and 2013) in a French high school among students of "classes préparatoires" (i.e., studies taking place after high school and preparing for admission to higher education colleges). The analysis showed that most contacts occur within students of same classes and that contact patterns are very similar from one day to the next.Then, we compare different methods of data collection which allow to gather information of different nature (for instance existence of a face-to-face contact vs existence of a friendship).The use of data reporting friendships does not allow to obtain a good estimation of the contact network (i.e., friendships do not correspond necessarily to face-to-face contacts and vice versa) resulting in an underestimation of the epidemic risk in that population.Finally, we try to reproduce the biases coming from the friendship network by sampling the contact network. This might give hints on how to compensate these biases and how to use the information contained in incomplete data sets to obtain accurate predictions of the epidemic risk
Idir, Lilia. "Dissémination de données dans les réseaux véhiculaires". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB157.
Texto completoThe number of vehicles on the roads in the world increased from 500 million in 1986 to 1 billion vehicles in 2010. Such a huge road network has brought some comfort to many drivers but on the other hand it represented around 1.24 million accidents in 2010. With the progress and development of wireless technologies these recent years, vehicular networks quickly evolved. Many car manufacturers and countries have built and imagined different applications in vehicular networks: road safety applications, others for traffic information, and entertainment applications. This last category of applications is distinguished from others by the quantity and volume of exchanged data, and represents a real problem due to the lossy nature of vehicular communications. In this thesis, we address the problem of data dissemination in distributed vehicular systems. Our main objective is to provide practical and workable solutions to disseminate data in realistic vehicular environments. The concept of data dissemination is large and significant. In this context, we call data dissemination each time there is a certain amount of data which must be distributed on in wireless network. The data is sent to multiple destinations who are interested to recover all or part of the information. As examples, we can consider the file sharing applications, streaming multimedia files and so on. We discuss in this thesis the data dissemination problem in vehicular networks, specifically the dissemination of large volumes of data such as content distribution. With the evolution in recent years of vehicular networks thanks to many car manufacturers support (eg Toyota, Nissan, BMW, Ford, etc.), the amount of exchanged data has increased exponentially over the years. Unfortunately, despite the advancement of wireless communications technologies, exchange large volumes of data in vehicular networks remains a challenge because of wireless communications features and those specific to vehicular networks
Mangili, Michele. "Efficient in-network content distribution : wireless resource sharing, network planning, and security". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS182/document.
Texto completoIn recent years, the amount of traffic requests that Internet users generate on a daily basis has increased exponentially, mostly due to the worldwide success of video streaming services, such as Netflix and YouTube. While Content-Delivery Networks (CDNs) are the de-facto standard used nowadays to serve the ever increasing users’ demands, the scientific community has formulated proposals known under the name of Content-Centric Networks (CCN) to change the network protocol stack in order to turn the network into a content distribution infrastructure. In this context this Ph.D. thesis studies efficient techniques to foster content distribution taking into account three complementary problems:1) We consider the scenario of a wireless heterogeneous network, and we formulate a novel mechanism to motivate wireless access point owners to lease their unexploited bandwidth and cache storage, in exchange for an economic incentive.2) We study the centralized network planning problem and (I) we analyze the migration to CCN; (II) we compare the performance bounds for a CDN with those of a CCN, and (III) we take into account a virtualized CDN and study the stochastic planning problem for one such architecture.3) We investigate the security properties on access control and trackability and formulate ConfTrack-CCN: a CCN extension to enforce confidentiality, trackability and access policy evolution in the presence of distributed caches
Sua, Mehmet. "Les effets des réseaux de distribution". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10064.
Texto completoThe analysis of the collective dimension of distribution networks in Turkish law reveals to observe in concrete the legal effects induced between the network members by the interlacing of bilateral contracts. It is important to note that the network is not formed by simple addition of contracts but with interlacing of contracts that produce legal effects for all contractors. This research applies to highlight how far a network can develop responsibilities and obligations to its members and aims to systematize the general rules of network which can organize these induced effects while respecting the limits of the law of contract. In the absence of a contractual provision, the network rules can be induced at the expense of the adherents are very small compared to those induced at the expense of the promoter, since the adherents do not have the power of directing the network comparable to the promoter's. On the one hand, adherents of the same network cannot act in their function as distributor as if he does not belong to the same network, in other words, each member has a duty to consider the other adherents in the accomplishment of its obligations, since it is about obligations where the non-execution affects the business of other members or the common image of the network, on the other hand, being the founder and permanent director of a contractual system, the promoter has the obligation to assure the coherence and cohesion of the network
Carlos, Jean-Philippe. "Contacts, échanges et ruptures : l’évolution du réseau intellectuel indépendantiste québécois à travers ses revues (1956-1968)". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6956.
Texto completoBillet, Yves-Gaël. "Adaptation dynamique d'applications multimédia à leur contexte d'exécution dans les réseaux du futur". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955366.
Texto completoCatterou, Thomas. "Etude numérique et expérimentale du comportement dynamique non linéaire d'un réseau de tubes avec jeux : application aux faisceaux d'aiguilles combustibles RNR". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0443/document.
Texto completoUnderstanding of phenomena taking place in a structure with multiple clearances is an industrial challenge. The fuel pellets in the SFR (Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor) prototype ASTRID are enclosed in small and long pins which form a bundle inside a hexagonal assembly. The assessment of stresses in the pins during dynamic loadings is essential for the safety studies of the project. Experimental tests on the test bed CARNAC have been conducted to understand the dynamical behavior of fuel pin with their pellets. Then a numerical model has been chosen to simulate the release of an assembly against a stop. The difficulty is to simulate the dynamical behavior of a structure with a huge number of internal contacts. Numerical method has been validated on a basic problem with a reference semi-analytical method. Simplified models of the pin bundle are created to understand dynamical phenomena of a multicontact system. Then, the whole assembly is modeled. Sub-structuring to accelerate computation and a precise contact law representative of the pin to pin contacts are used. Displacements, energy and contacts force are analyzed with or without clearance. Numerical results are confronted to a previous experiment made in the CEA and provide a very good fit. The average kinetic behavior of assembly is well approximated by a beam structure, if pins are linked. Contact forces are well assess with conservatism using simplified model of a pin row
Jiang, Kun. "Real-time estimation and diagnosis of vehicle's dynamics states with low-cost sensors in different driving condition". Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2292/document.
Texto completoEnhancing road safety by developing active safety system is the general purpose of this thesis. A challenging task in the development of active safety system is to get accurate information about immeasurable vehicle dynamics states. More specifically, we need to estimate the vertical load, the lateral frictional force and longitudinal frictional force at each wheel, and also the sideslip angle at center of gravity. These states are the key parameters that could optimize the control of vehicle's stability. The estimation of vertical load at each tire enables the evaluation of the risk of rollover. Estimation of tire lateral forces could help the control system reduce the lateral slip and prevent the situation like spinning and drift out. Tire longitudinal forces can also greatly influence the performance of vehicle. The sideslip angle is one of the most important parameter to control the lateral dynamics of vehicle. However, in the current market, very few safety systems are based on tire forces, due to the lack of cost-effective method to get these information. For all the above reasons, we would like to develop a perception system to monitor these vehicle dynamics states by using only low-cost sensor. In order to achieve this objective, we propose to develop novel observers to estimate unmeasured states. However, construction of an observer which could provide satisfactory performance at all condition is never simple. It requires : 1, accurate and efficient models; 2, a robust estimation algorithm; 3, considering the parameter variation and sensor errors. As motivated by these requirements, this dissertation is organized to present our contribution in three aspects : vehicle dynamics modelization, observer design and adaptive estimation. In the aspect of modeling, we propose several new models to describe vehicle dynamics. The existent models are obtained by simplifying the vehicle motion as a planar motion. In the proposed models, we described the vehicle motion as a 3D motion and considered the effects of road inclination. Then for the vertical dynamics, we propose to incorporate the suspension deflection to calculate the transfer of vertical load. For the lateral dynamics, we propose the model of transfer of lateral forces to describe the interaction between left wheel and right wheel. With this new model, the lateral force at each tire can be calculated without sideslip angle. Similarly, for longitudinal dynamics, we also propose the model of transfer of longitudinal forces to calculate the longitudinal force at each tire. In the aspect of observer design, we propose a novel observation system, which is consisted of four individual observers connected in a cascaded way. The four observers are developed for the estimation of vertical tire force, lateral tire force and longitudinal tire force and sideslip angle respectively. For the linear system, the Kalman filter is employed. While for the nonlinear system, the EKF, UKF and PF are applied to minimize the estimation errors. In the aspect of adaptive estimation, we propose the algorithms to improve sensor measurement and estimate vehicle parameters in order to stay robust in presence of parameter variation and sensor errors. Furthermore, we also propose to incorporate the digital map to enhance the estimation accuracy. The utilization of digital map could also enable the prediction of vehicle dynamics states and prevent the road accidents. Finally, we implement our algorithm in the experimental vehicle to realize real-time estimation. Experimental data has validated the proposed algorithm
Reggani, Ahlem. "Réseaux domestiques et mobiles : Mesures,analyses et modèles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2014PA066006.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis is structured around contributions in the areas of domestic and mobile networks. In the context of home networks, we deal with both home traffic characterization and application performance degradation. In the case of mobile networks, we are interested in understanding the relationship between wireless technology and contact opportunities among nodes on the move
Hoang, Bao Thien. "Problème de sondage dans les réseaux sociaux décentralisés". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0016/document.
Texto completoOne of the current practical, useful but sensitive topic in social networks is polling problem where the privacy of exchanged information and user reputation are very critical. Indeed, users want to preserve the confidentiality of their votes and to hide, if any, their misbehaviors. Recently, Guerraoui et al. proposed polling protocols based on simple secret sharing scheme and without requiring any central authority or cryptography system. However these protocols can be deployed safely and efficiently provided that the social graph structure should be transformed into a ring structure-based overlay and the number of participating users is perfect square. In this thesis, we address the problem of deploying decentralized polling protocols for general social graphs and how to transform these graphs in order to increase the privacy and/or accuracy properties. First, we propose three simple decentralized polling protocols that rely on the current state of social graphs. The two first protocols use synchronous and asynchronous models and verification procedures to detect the misbehaving users. The third protocol is an asynchronous one that does not require any verification procedures and contains a method for efficiently broadcasting message under a family of social graphs satisfying what we call the “m-broadcasting” property. Second, we formalize the “adding friends” problem such that we can reuse the social graphs after some minimum structural modifications consisting in adding new friendship relations. We also devise algorithms for solving this problem in centralized and decentralized networks. We validate our solutions with some performance evaluations which show that our protocols are accurate, and inside the theoretical bounds