Tesis sobre el tema "Réseaux d'évolution de sujet"
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Li, Ke. "Exploring Topic Evolution in Large Scientific Archives with Pivot Graphs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS043.
Texto completoThere is an increasing demand for practical tools to explore the evolution of scientific research published in bibliographic archives such as the Web of Science, arXiv, PubMed or ISTEX. Revealing meaningful evolution patterns from these document archives has many applications and can be extended to synthesize narratives from datasets across multiple domains, including news stories, research papers, legal cases and works of literature. In this thesis, we propose a data model and query language for the visualization and exploration of topic evolution networks. Our model is independent of a particular topic extraction and alignment method and proposes a set of semantic and structural metrics for characterizing and filtering meaningful topic evolution patterns. These metrics are particularly useful for the visualization and the exploration of large topic evolution networks. We also present a prototype implementation of our model on top of Apache Spark and experimental results obtained for four representative document archives
Levillain, Romuald. "Hépatite c aig͏͏͏u͏e : cinétique des marqueurs sériques, critères d'évolution vers la guérison". Nantes, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NANT054P.
Texto completoFadda, Alessandro. "Etude de problèmes inverses par algorithmes d'évolution et réseaux de neurones". Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPXX0023.
Texto completoPérès, Karine. "Approche épidémiologique du processus d'évolution vers l'incapacité chez le sujet âgé : description et déterminants". Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21079.
Texto completoThe ageing of the French population raises the problem of the management of the consequences of chronic diseases, expressed in terms of disability. The objective of this dissertation was to describe the different domains of disability affected in elderly people, the evolution of the disablement process in terms of progression, regression or death, and its determinants. The analyses were conducted on the PAQUID cohort, where 3777 subjects aged 65 years and over were followed-up and the Three-City study. Multi-state Markov models were used to estimate disability-free life expectancies and to study the role of diseases (dementia, diabetes, dyspnoea, obesity), but also that of individual and environmental factors (sex, education, depression, medi-social care) on the disablement process. Finally, an important decline of the prevalence of disability was observed over ten years between two generations of elderly people
Pauplin, Olivier. "Application de techniques d'évolution artificielle à la stéréovision en robotique mobile autonome". Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05S015.
Texto completoThe "Fly Algorithm" is an evolutionary algorithm used for stereo reconstruction It gives a rough description of the visible surfaces of the objects in a 3D scene, from a couple of stereo To fmprove the efficiency and precision of the algorithm so as to apply its output to autonomous mobile robotics, several ways of improvement are examined and^ evaluated (fitness function, genetic operators, self-adaptivity etc. ). Three categories of applications are then explored. Firstly, a way to build a map of the environment of a mobile robot from he successive frames processed by the algorithm. A second type of application relies on the consideration of a speed given to each considered 3D points, and aims to determine the speeds of the objects of the scene. Finally, and application to automated driving (stop and obstacle avoidance) is presented on an electrical vehicle (Cycab)
Benali, Mehdi. "Une modélisation des liens de coopération et des trajectoires d'évolution des réseaux d'entreprises". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00797048.
Texto completoComanescu, Florinela. "La relation sujet-objet en français contemporain : réseaux syntactico-sémantiques". Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070020.
Texto completoThe aim of the present thesis is to develop a fragment of French grammar consisting in a syntactic and semantic description of the French transitive direct clause, as well as a delimitation of the place the latter holds within the System of the French syntactic constructions. Our research tackles the prototypical transitive direct clause, while proposing a description of the "zero degree" of the verbal combinatory taxonomy, proceeding from a corpus of clauses considered as representative of fondamental French, and using an enriched test inventory. The construction under study displays a diversity of semantic peculiarities, and has relations of synonymy with other types of constructions, which can display an extremely high degree of complexity. We put forward the idea that prototypical transitivity is illustrated by | constructions possessing creation semantic power, rather than those having transformation semantic power. The concept of "facet" as used in the thesis reveals a number of functional relationships holding between the various classes of constructions, and allows the identification of classes of constructions having a "dominant" functioning, and also the role of centres of attraction for other classes. The thesis also proposes various elements of description at the discourse level - which are as many research paths for more detailed investigation, starting from the present research
El, Baidouri Fouad. "Le genre Leishmania : structure génétique et mécanismes d'évolution". Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON1T028.
Texto completoParasitic protozoa of the Leishmania genus infect many mammal species throughout the world. Transmitted by insect vectors, these pathogens are endemic in a hundred countries. In humans, the incidence of the disease is estimated at about 2 million new cases each year. Today, multiple issues arise on the modes of reproduction and genetic exchanges among these protozoa. They have implications on evolution, adaptation to new cycles, virulence, specific identification, taxonomy or therapeutic management.In this work, we first aimed at addressing these issues through a comprehensive genetic analysis of all Leishmania species from Eurasia and Africa, using a MLSA (MultiLocus Sequence Analysis)-based approach, from a dataset of more than 220 strains from 43 countries. We then tried to understand the structuration of this controversial group by participating in the isozyme data analysis of more than 2200 strains of viscerotropic Leishmania. Finally, using data from a very small focus of the anthoponotic species Leishmania tropica, we contributed to the analysis of isozyme characterization of this population and to the study of possible transmission cycles.Our results highlight a number of important points. They first show that the different Leishmania species found in Africa and Eurasia are divided into seven distinct groups, partially overlapping the ten species identified so far mainly on biochemical criteria. The multilocus system we developed is more resolutive than that based on isozymes. Implementing a MLST scheme for strain identification could contribute significantly to the therapeutic management of leishmaniases in the Old World. From taxonomic and epidemiological points of view, three viscerotropic species which were separated so far (L. infantum, L. archibaldi, L. donovani) appear to form a genetic continuum (species complex). Our analyzes of isozyme data extended to 2200 strains are in line with this conclusion. Our results also show a remarkable phylogenetic congruence of the seven genomic loci studied by MLSA. This does not support potential genetic exchanges and recombinations between different species, contrary to what was assumed so far. Potentially frequent, inter-specific hybridization would not contribute to the evolution of genotypes and would be a transient and unstable event, unable to settle in genomes. However, it will probably be necessary to explore different models exhaustively before drawing definitive conclusions.Finally, the study of correlations between geographic distance and genetic structuration revealed the focus of many genotypes but also a very high dispersion of some others, even if no convincing hypothesis can be made to explain such differences. In the same way, our analysis of isozyme data of L. tropica strains from the same Palestinian micro-focus seems to show an intra-specific heterogeneity which could be due to differentiated parasitic cycles, despite the geographical proximity
Le, Goaer Olivier. "Styles d'évolution dans les architectures logicielles". Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459925.
Texto completoGallois, Passat Isabelle. "Analyse de modèles d'évolution sur un réseau, cas d'un système épidémique avec diffusion non locale". Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CERG0786.
Texto completoThis thesis is devoted to the mathematic analysis of time-dependent models on complex networks. There are three chapters. The first two chapters concern a model for the spread of epidemics on networks while the third chapter concerns Price equation, which arises as a model for the growth of complex networks.Most part of this thesis is concentrated in the first two chapters, in which we propose and analyze a SIS-type epidemic model with nonlocal diffusion. This model is derived from a discrete model, by considering here the degree as a continuous variable taking nonnegative values. Hence the network is described by the degree distribution of its nodes, where the epidemic transmission takes place. Migration occurs along the edges of the network and corresponds to nonlocal diffusion. The evolution system for the density of susceptible and infected individuals reads as a coupled system of nonlinear equations with nonlocal terms, which are given by the mean values of these densities on the network. We provide the analysis of this time-dependent system, distinguishing the cases of limited transmision (chapter 1) and illimited transmission (chapter 2).We first rigorously prove the existence of a unique solution to the system, either locally or globally in time, using a fixed point method. Next we establish necessary and sufficient threshold conditions for the existence of an endemic equilibrium. We then investigate the linear stability of both the disease-free and the endemic equilibrium and compare our results to the ones obtained for the discrete system. In the case of equal diffusivities and illimited transmission, we reduce the system to a Fisher-type equation with nonlocal diffusion, for which we prove a comparison principle. This allows us to study the large-time asymptotics of the solution for arbitrary initial data.The last chapter deals with Price equation, which is a model for the growth of networks. The model reads as a discrete recursive equation that provides the time-evolution of the probability distribution of the degrees in a growing network. We show rigorously that the solution converges to a stationary state exhibiting a power-law tail, whose exponent is explicitly given
Atalay, Mehmet Volkan. "Reseaux de neurones aleatoires et textures d'images". Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05S002.
Texto completoMatray, Myriam. "Le dynamisme d'évolution des pôles de compétitivité territoriaux : approche territorialisée de l'écosystème des pôles de compétitivité en France". Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_matray_m.pdf.
Texto completoThis thesis analyses the evolution of national and global clusters at their varying paces. Although they were initiated by French cluster policy, each is based on its specific ecosystem. However, they all have to adapt themselves to their political, socio-territorial and economic environment to “live”, respecting simultaniously the constrainsts imposed from top-down as well as the objectives of the local actors (public and privat research, firms and municipalities) to achieve their assignments: increase the national competitivity. The core objective is to understand the origin of the dynamism of the evolution of a cluster by definition rooted in the area in which it is situated, reltive to its environment. The methodology upheld in our work consists in analysing each of the 71 clusters, not to give a general representation of a model of the evolution of a cluster, but to find a common territorial characteristic in order to understand what differentiates the strongest from the weakest cluster. The framework of reference adopted in this thesis is based on the history of the field of activity of its territory which predetermines its life path
Cyrot, Pascal. "Episodes et sociabilités autodidactiques. Pour une description compréhensive des relations sociales du sujet en situation d'autoformation". Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100067/document.
Texto completoNowadays, knowledge economy, knowledge society and lifelong learning favour a new relationship with knowledge that P. Carré named apprenance in 2005. Hence the relevance of a study of the mechanism of the art of learning by oneself, which may be at the root of this new relationship. Moreover, since too few studies about the social aspect of self-teaching have been produced, we deemed it appropriate to focus on the mesociological aspect of self-teaching by paying particular attention to the social relationships which sustain the process itself, as suggested by J. Eneau (2005). Consequently, we found it quite important to focus on those social relationships. To do so, we selected eleven subjects (either from the past or today) having experienced self-teaching. For each of them we collected information about their lives and social relationships from biographies or successive interviews, before drawing graphs of their personal networks (Gribaudi, 1998) which, along with written accounts of these cases, were the starting point of our study, which aims at defining the social principles behind self-teaching. Not only have we realised how fundamental it is to study self-teaching sociability for fear of missing an important aspect of self-training, but we have also learnt that, first and foremost the sociabilities present throughout a self-teaching episode bring three complementary social steps to the fore – the triggering, the learning and the conclusion. Moreover, we can see that the “other” assumes various forms and functions; he / she can either trigger the self-teaching process, or undergo its impact; he / she can also be either anonymous or unobtrusive, or even a supervisor, a spiritual guide or a mentor. Furthermore, he / she plays various parts in each of the aforementioned three social steps. Finally, we can notice the interference of various social spheres (family, friends, acquaintances, colleagues) in the process, as well as a snowball effect dragging in the closer first (family and friends) to finish with the remoter (colleagues and acquaintances)
Bahi-Jaber, Narges. "Rôle de la variabilité comportementale des hôtes dans la dynamique et la persistance des maladies infectieuses : implications en termes d'évolution des systèmes hôte-parasite". Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10167.
Texto completoBenaïchouche, Abed. "Réorganisation des réseaux hydrographiques dans les modèles d'évolution des paysages, à grandes échelles spatiales et temporelles : Étude des captures potentielles de la Meuse". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00960350.
Texto completoBenaïchouche, Abed. "Réorganisation des réseaux hydrographiques dans les modèles d'évolution des paysages, à grandes échelles spatiales et temporelles : Étude des captures potentielles de la Meuse". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, ENMP, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENMP0058.
Texto completoLandforms result from interaction between several processes, involving complex coupling: climate, tectonics, erosion, human impact, etc. In landscapes dominated by fluvial erosion, terrain morphology is closely related to the hydrographic network system. Because the latter plays an important role in the surface processes coupling (fluvial processes and hillslope processes). Many evidences of stream piracies causing reorganization of hydrographic network suggest that the drainage system is changing, and it is far from being fixe as propose some numerical landscape evolution models. Nevertheless, works focusing on causes and mechanisms of these reorganizations are very few and they are largely qualitative. The aim of this thesis is to quantify and describe the reorganization of hydrographic networks provoked by headward piracy mechanism in the case of relative lowering between two basins, where the riverhead progress by headward erosion causing the diversion of a river flowing nearby. The problem is tackled with a numerical modeling approach. We emphasis on the evolution of the hydrographic networks of the French part of the Meuse basin, where several piracies were recorded in the past (the piracy of the Upper-Moselle by the Meurthe and the piracy of the Aire by the Aisne), and which current characteristics are favorable to new piracies (the Meuse river bed is perched at more than 50m comparing to its surrounding valleys (the Meuse river bed is perched at more than 50m comparing to its surrounding valleys: Marne at the west and the Moselle at the east)
Koubi, Vassilada. "Reseaux de neurones et optimisation combinatoire". Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05S014.
Texto completoGozlan, Angélique. "Enjeux psychiques des réseaux sociaux chez les adolescents : une métapsychologie de la virtualescence". Paris 7, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA070088.
Texto completoClinical encounters with adolescents lead to new reflections on the relation between the subject and the virtual dispositive. Nowadays, the adolescent is increasingly present on the Internet, notably on social networks such as Facebook. So, it is essential to consider the psychic effects of the adolescent' s relation to virtual space. There is a need to examine the notion of « virtual » in view of numeric advances — a concept which introduces the idea of « virtualized pictures » and « virtualized others ». Through the prism of Facebook, I determine a process which is inherent to the relation between teenager and virtual : the virtualescence. This process illustrates the psychic transformation that the teenager experiences as a result of his « virtualization » and self-representation through pictures and words in the virtual space. We can observe that the virtual surface becomes a surface of inscription of numeric-psychic contents. Our analysis defines the paradox of virtualescence as a bearer of two resolution channels : while the first channel supports the adolescent process of « subjectivation », the second one hinders the teenager' s elaboration. We need to introduce new hypotheses on virtual metapsychology which take into account the implications of the virtual surface on the psychic life of the adolescent. These proposais shall open a shared and sharable path in order to define this study's object in articuling its clinical analysis to the metapsychological basics and assumptions. Finally, it is appropriate to highlight the process of self-creation on Facebook's virtual surface which introduces the transformation of the adolescent who « becomes another »
Allouche, Jean David. "Les enjeux stratégiques et réglementaires de l'interconnexion des réseaux en concurrence régulée : bilan pour les télécommunications françaises de 1998 à 2001 et perspectives d'évolution". Paris, ENST, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ENST0019.
Texto completoPeltier, Marie-Agnès. "Un système adaptatif de diagnostic d'évolution basé sur la reconnaissance des formes floues : application au diagnostic du comportement d'un conducteur automobile". Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD634.
Texto completoDion, Dominique. "Dynamique d'évolution de graphes de cooccurrences lexicales : application à l'analyse de comptes rendus en prévention spécialisée entre 1972 et 2010". Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00842790.
Texto completoBen, Khalifa Rached. "Les entrepreneurs issus de l'immigration maghrébine dans la métropole parisienne : tendances associatives, perspectives d'évolution et activités économiques avec le pays d'origine". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730513.
Texto completoAussem, Alexandre. "Théorie et applications des réseaux de neurones récurrents et dynamiques à la prédiction, à la modélisation et au contrôle adaptif des processus dynamiques". Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05S002.
Texto completoRoquet, Daniel. "Etude et application de la connectivité fonctionnelle cérébrale chez le sujet sain et dans la pathologie". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ100/document.
Texto completoBrain areas are functionally connected in networks, even at rest. Since such connectivity networks could be impaired in several pathologies, they could potentially serve for diagnosis and treatment. Based on four studies, spatial independent component analysis has shown sufficient sensitivity, reproducibility and specificity to produce reliable healthy as well as pathological networks at the individual level. Therefore, the network underlying auditory hallucination could define the brain areas to treat by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Among the common resting-state networks, the ones involving the posterior cingular cortex and the precuneus seem deeply altered in disorders of consciousness, and so could be used as a diagnostic tool to distinguish the locked-in syndrome from the vegetative state. We can now map, at the individual level, the functional relationships between brain areas. Further studies on the dynamic and on the level of activity of the functional connectivity networks might provide relevant information about their functions and their involvement in the pathology
Bertrand, Perrine. "Étude en IRM des modifications des connectivités cérébrales anatomique et fonctionnelle en fonction de l'âge chez le sujet sain". Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2021/.
Texto completoOur study was focused on the changes of anatomical and functional brain connectivity during aging. We acquired for each participant (47 male subjects, healthy, aged from 20 to 65) several MRI imaging (Philips 3T MRI): an anatomical sequence (T1 weighted image), a sequence of diffusion imaging in 32 directions and three sequences of functional imaging (at rest, during a motor task and an attentional). The anatomical image allows us to assess the brain atrophy and calculate the cortical thickness. With the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) we have extracted fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity and we have realized tractography. We used different software as SPM8 (Statistical Parametric Mapping), MATLAB (The MathWorks, Inc. ) and Statistica (Statsoft). We have analyzed the functional connectivity with the 3 sequences of fMRI using methods of Independent Component Analysis, and methods based on statistical analysis of networks (Network Based Statistics). Functional imaging has showed the role played by the Angular Gyrus (including many modifications on connections), and changes occurring in the Default-Mode Network and the Working Memory (decreases in the frontal lobe). Furthermore, we have demonstrated a decrease in fiber orientation in the anterior part of the Corpus Callosum, and in the cerebellum. Due to the study of anatomical connectivity, we have defined a set of sub-networks that resist structurally with age. Our contribution will allow a better characterization of the effect of normal aging on brain connectivity. Besides, benefits of this study may be useful for the comprehension of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer and Parkinson
Bouchara, Syryn. "Mise en place d'un réseau sans fil de capteurs déployés à Salluit". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33046.
Texto completoTo monitor the effects of climate change and to help the understanding and predictability, sensors have been installed in northern Québec. Salluit in Nunavik is among the villages of which a set of sensors has been installed. However, the collection of this data is manually done once a year by scientists. Given the importance of this information, Sentinel North project site 1.5 aims to measure, record, and send data in real time. Our project is primarily aimed at installing a wireless network that allows sensors to transmit data throughout the year, to anticipate risks and damages. The project design was launched in 2016, and the first work took place in summer 2017. After a successful data collection during the first months after installation, LTE network problems have occurred. Since the LTE connection is not reliable, the sensors were only visible from the university between 5% and 9% of the time, before a total loss of the LTE signal starting in January 2017. Environmental and meteorological conditions of the region have confirmed the challenges faced by such a system of wireless data collection. In this thesis, we detail the steps taken to deploy such a sensor network under extreme and unknown conditions. We also explain the challenges, problems and limitations encountered during the project and give recommendations and improvement for the future.
Belghoul, Khaled. "Les réseaux et clusters d'innovation, dynamique d'évolution et de restructuration de l'innovation dans l'industrie biopharmaceutique : éléments de conceptualisation et analyse des cas de l'Ile-de-France et de la région lyonnaise". Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0058.
Texto completoThe structuring of innovation in science-based industries in the form of networks has become the new organizational dynamics of innovation over the past decades. More specifically, in the biopharmaceutical industry, this new organizational dynamic refers to the logic of efficiency and rationalization efforts in R&D. The nature of innovation and technological interdependencies between different actors are all elements that drive the organization in innovation networks. In this perspective, the study of the process of emergence, structuration and evolution of clusters of innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry enables us to understand the benefits of spatial proximity (knowledge spillovers, shared infrastructure...) and other benefits of organizational and strategic proximity. This thesis also attempts to answer the question of essential factors in the emergence and development of these innovation clusters and that through several case studies of the emergence of clusters of innovation in the biopharmaceutical industry in the United States and Europe.In our empirical study, we chose to analyze this structure in terms of innovation clusters for two regions in France, Ile-de-France and the Lyon region. Through the approach of collaborative projects, we are come to rebuild the two networks and identify the role of some major players in defining the morphology of the network and the transmission and dissemination of knowledge within it. The results also show a structure in networks at multiple scales. The work done contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of interaction within networks of R&D in science-based sectors
Llorens, Cédric. "Mesure de la sécurité "logique" d'un réseau d'un opérateur de télécommunications". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001492.
Texto completoTembine, Hamidou. "Population games with networking applications". Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00451970.
Texto completoBerkani, Abdenour. "Le cosmopolitisme en oeuvre dans la mondialisation : des identités multiples à l'identité cosmopolitique". Thèse, Lyon 3, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16526.
Texto completoDecock, Jérémie. "Hybridization of dynamic optimization methodologies". Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112359/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is dedicated to sequential decision making (also known as multistage optimization) in uncertain complex environments. Studied algorithms are essentially applied to electricity production ("Unit Commitment" problems) and energy stock management (hydropower), in front of stochastic demand and water inflows. The manuscript is divided in 7 chapters and 4 parts: Part I, "General Introduction", Part II, "Background Review", Part III, "Contributions" and Part IV, "General Conclusion". This first chapter (Part I) introduces the context and motivation of our work, namely energy stock management. "Unit Commitment" (UC) problems are a classical example of "Sequential Decision Making" problem (SDM) applied to energy stock management. They are the central application of our work and in this chapter we explain main challenges arising with them (e.g. stochasticity, constraints, curse of dimensionality, ...). Classical frameworks for SDM problems are also introduced and common mistakes arising with them are be discussed. We also emphasize the consequences of these - too often neglected - mistakes and the importance of not underestimating their effects. Along this chapter, fundamental definitions commonly used with SDM problems are described. An overview of our main contributions concludes this first chapter. The second chapter (Part II) is a background review of the most classical algorithms used to solve SDM problems. Since the applications we try to solve are stochastic, we there focus on resolution methods for stochastic problems. We begin our study with classical Dynamic Programming methods to solve "Markov Decision Processes" (a special kind of SDM problems with Markovian random processes). We then introduce "Direct Policy Search", a widely used method in the Reinforcement Learning community. A distinction is be made between "Value Based" and "Policy Based" exploration methods. The third chapter (Part II) extends the previous one by covering the most classical algorithms used to solve UC's subtleties. It contains a state of the art of algorithms commonly used for energy stock management, mainly "Model Predictive Control", "Stochastic Dynamic Programming" and "Stochastic Dual Dynamic Programming". We briefly overview distinctive features and limitations of these methods. The fourth chapter (Part III) presents our main contribution: a new algorithm named "Direct Value Search" (DVS), designed to solve large scale unit commitment problems. We describe how it outperforms classical methods presented in the third chapter. We show that DVS is an "anytime" algorithm (users immediately get approximate results) which can handle large state spaces and large action spaces with non convexity constraints, and without assumption on the random process. Moreover, we explain how DVS can reduce modelling errors and can tackle challenges described in the first chapter, working on the "real" detailed problem without "cast" into a simplified model. Noisy optimisation is a key component of DVS algorithm; the fifth chapter (Part III) is dedicated to it. In this chapter, some theoretical convergence rate are studied and new convergence bounds are proved - under some assumptions and for given families of objective functions. Some variance reduction techniques aimed at improving the convergence rate of graybox noisy optimization problems are studied too in the last part of this chapter. Chapter sixth (Part III) is devoted to non-quasi-convex optimization. We prove that a variant of evolution strategy can reach a log-linear convergence rate with non-quasi-convex objective functions. Finally, the seventh chapter (Part IV) concludes and suggests some directions for future work
Nadaud-Albertini, Nathalie. "Constituer une innovation télévisuelle : le contenu et la réception numérique des émissions de télé-réalité en France". Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0012.
Texto completoThis thesis deals with the way through which a TV innovation, reality-tv, has been created. It shows that reality-tv has been made up through interactions between producers, critics and viewers. When reality-tv has been broadcast in France for the first time, it was considered as a thrill so that the only way to think about it was to denounce its possible danger. Then, reality-tv has been developed in many themes, interactions have moved, and familiarity with programs has grown. Consequently, interactions have brought a specifie TV grammar not only relying on the fear of reality-tv. This thesis has used a method that enables to avoid to take part in controversy. It has followed step by s the co-constitution process of the innovation, studying the first categories into which reality-tv was though about and the changes of theses categories. Written press, programs, and websites and forums about realitytv have been studied, between April 2001 to December 2009. A specific methodology has been created in order to study the numeric reception (on the Internet). This thesis is structured around four main themes : - how thinking about reality-tv ? - it describes the process into which reality-tv has been adapted to its critics. -it shows a pattern of subject that emerges, the connexionnist subject, and develops in many fields. - it dea1s with mediatic convergence by studying sets created by producers and free uses. Finally, this thesis leads to reflect on the creation of TV norms
Bai, Hao. "Machine learning assisted probabilistic prediction of long-term fatigue damage and vibration reduction of wind turbine tower using active damping system". Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMIR01.
Texto completoThis dissertation is devoted to the development of an active damping system for vibration reduction of wind turbine tower under gusty wind and turbulent wind. The presence of vibrations often leads to either an ultimate deflection on the top of wind tower or a failure due to the material’s fatigue near the bottom of wind tower. Furthermore, given the random nature of wind conditions, it is indispensable to look at this problem from a probabilistic point of view. In this work, a probabilistic framework of fatigue analysis is developed and improved by using a residual neural network. A damping system employing an active damper, Twin Rotor Damper, is designed for NREL 5MW reference wind turbine. The design is optimized by an evolutionary algorithm with automatic parameter tuning method based on exploitation and exploration