Tesis sobre el tema "Réseau de Distribution d'Eau"
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Asnaashari, Ahmad. "Modélisation de la défaillance des réseaux d'eau : approches statistique, réseau de neurones et survie". Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Asnaashari.pdf.
Texto completoMosetlhe, Thapelo Cornelius. "Contrôle de la pression sans modèle dans les réseau de distribution d'eau". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASG073.
Texto completoManagement of water distribution networks (WDNs) is critical for the security of water resources. Climate variability increases the need to properly manage the available resources. A significant amount of water is lost in water supply systems in South Africa, and the quantity of these losses depends mostly on the pressure in the system. Therefore, pressure control in WDNs is one of the interventions commonly employed to improve the reliability and sustainability of the water supply. Excessive pressure in water supply systems (WSSs) increases water loss and pipe breakages, and the need for frequent repairs. On the other hand, inadequate pressure could lead to inward flows (infections) into the system and/or non-delivery of water to the end-user. This could lead to ill-health for the end-user and to socio-economic issues in the society.In general, the pressure control problem is addressed by installing pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) in WDNs and determining their appropriate settings. Various approaches have been proposed to determine the appropriate settings. Classical, optimal and advanced control schemes have been used. These methods rely on the accuracy of a model in order to precisely control a real WDN. Therefore, any variation between the parameters of a model and a real WDN could render a control scheme useless.This research project now proposes the utilisation of the reinforcement learning (RL) technique to control node pressures in WDNs. An emulator-based quadratic approximation of the hydraulic simulation is used as an environment interacting with the RL agent. From these interactions, the RL agent receives the data on current pressures and then proposes appropriate control settings of the PRVs. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with the conventional optimisation scheme that is commonly used for simulation cases. The results show that the proposed scheme can achieve the desired results, when compared to the benchmark optimisation procedure. However, unlike the optimisation procedure, the proposed scheme achieved the results without the numerical solution of the WDNs. Therefore, this scheme could be applicable in situations where the model of a network is not well defined
Parent, Anne. "Paramètres contrôlant la cinétique de disparition du chlore en réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10396.
Texto completoHaudidier-Bornert, Catherine. "Contribution à l'étude des biofilms des réseaux de distribution d'eau d'alimentation". Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10499.
Texto completoHong, Sothea. "Optimisation des tours d’eau sur un réseau de canaux d’irrigation". Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NSAM0022/document.
Texto completoMost traditional gravity irrigation networks, still the majority in the world, deliver water to farm field (offtakes) through an open channel network. Water distribution on this type of network is generally based on irrigation schedule/delivery methods (fixed rotation, central system, arranged or mixed schedule) and requires two schedules: one for irrigation and another for gate operations. Water distribution performance of this system is low due to hydraulics infrastructures constraints, manpower and water demand evolution.The thesis proposes a generic method for optimizing gate operations and irrigation schedules, as well as modernization strategies based on the development of automated gates and buffer reservoirs.The method uses mixed integer linear programming (MILP). The definition of constraints and objectives is based on the analysis of two traditional irrigation networks of Southern France, as well as a description of the main characteristics of hydraulic systems for water delivery. Methods take into account three optimization criteria: adequacy, hydraulic efficiency and manpower. These criteria can be weighted for setting the priorities.The developed method is tested on a virtual network, and then applied to a real system where recent evolution have profoundly damaged the adequacy between supply and demand. We show that the method can greatly reduce the volume of water withdrawn by the network, and not used by users, for ensuring a good adequacy between supply and demand.The challenge of modernization is taken into account for an open channel network which is strongly constrained by manpower for gates operations. It is shown on a real network, how to set priorities for implementation of automatic gates. In other cases, the modernization may be achieved by the implementation of the buffer reservoir which location and volume can be optimized
Mandel, Denis. "Diagnostic à base de redondance analytique : application à un réseau urbain de distribution d'eau potable". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998INPL127N.
Texto completoDubillard, Marine. "Efficience et résilience de la planification des opérations de maintenance d'un réseau de distribution d'eau". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Ecole nationale des Mines d'Albi-Carmaux, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EMAC0019.
Texto completoThe maintenance of critical infrastructure networks such as water distribution networks requires complex planning processes. Preventive maintenance, which consists in monitoring and ensuring the proper functioning of infrastructure and equipment, within known timeframes and on a tactical scale, is mixed with reactive maintenance, which consists in intervening as early as possible in the face of disruptions and unforeseen malfunctions, on an operational scale. The aim of this thesis is to provide a research framework for analyzing the levers for improving planning processes, through efficiency and resilience indicators.Thanks to the business expertise provided by the players involved in the Veolia Eau Sud-Ouest case study, the requirements in terms of planning maintenance operations are defined, modeled, compared with other routing problems in the literature, and formalized in the form of Mixed Integer Linear Program (MILP). The resulting optimization problem is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), with many additional constraints, and is not yet studied as such in the literature.This formalization enables the development of algorithmic resolution approaches. Three methods are proposed. One aims to reproduce the current planning processes in a local department of Veolia Eau Sud-Ouest. Calibrated and validated with field experts, it will be used as a theoretical basis of comparison for the other two. The second is an adaptation of the Ant Colony System meta-heuristic, widely used in the literature for solving large routing problems. Finally, the last one is a new Cluster-first, Route-second (CFRS) approach which decomposes the initial planning problem into two sub-problems formalized in PLNE. In the first stage, clusters are formed, assigning each maintenance worker a set of tasks to be carried out on each day. In a second step, precise routes are created within each cluster. Several versions of this approach are modeled, depending on the planning horizon considered.The results obtained on the various indicators using different experimental designs show that a substantial gain can be obtained by using the CFRS approach, and particularly for the consideration of due date compliance. They also show that it is possible to use an algorithmic approach which takes into account all the constraints of the industrial problem, can be applied to instances of realistic size, in a deterministic context (definition of forecast schedules) as well as in a dynamic context (re-planning when emergencies occur)
Appenzeller, Brice. "Effet du phosphate sur les interactions bactéries-produits de corrosion en réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Nancy 1, 2002. https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-01746882.
Texto completoMercier, Céline. "Étude de l'efficacité des inhibiteurs de corrosion à base de phosphates en réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ53590.pdf.
Texto completoAmoretti, René. "Modélisation et commande optimale d'un réseau de distribution d'eau potable : mise en oeuvre, test et étude des performances sur le réseau de Fium'Orbo". Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30001.
Texto completoCompin, Arthur. "Distribution spatiale des invertébrés benthiques du réseau hydrographique Adour-Garonne : modélisation et impact de l'anthropisation". Toulouse 3, 2006. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3257/.
Texto completoThe analysis of a large number of published works describing biodiversity at local scales allowed us to identify 1093 species of benthic invertebrates from 631 sampling sites in the Adour-Garonne stream system (South-Western France). Macroinvertebrate distribution revealed spatial patterns in species assemblages from which we derived stream classifications. These classifications showed altitudinal and geographic differences in the specific composition of invertebrate communities reflecting the various physiographical situations encountered by streams at a regional scale. They also provide a useful framework for studying and managing streams in large geographic areas. In an economically developed area, water is a useful resource for many human activities. Macroinvertebrate communities are very sensitive to human modifications on streams and the surrounding land. These modifications induce changes in "natural" spatial patterns of specific and functional diversity. The EU Water framework directive adopted in 2000 (2000/60/EC) defines goals for management and protection of European surface waters in the next years. It clearly states that the best model for a single system of water management is management by river basin. Our work suggest that the understanding of aquatic ecosystems at a river basin scale necessarily relies on the analysis of a large number of local studies, the origin of which is generally diverse. It also emphasized the significance of geographic information systems to compile and organize biotic and abiotic data and make them exploitable through adapted multivariate analysis techniques
Julienne, Karine. "Détermination des stratégies visant à éliminer les avis de bouillir du réseau de distribution d'eau potable de Montréal". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0019/MQ57414.pdf.
Texto completoBerthiaume, Christine. "Caractérisation du biofilm en lien avec la dégradation des acides haloacétiques dans un réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27815/27815.pdf.
Texto completoJaumouillé, Elodie. "Contrôle de l'état hydraulique dans un réseau d'eau potable pour limiter les pertes". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00443827.
Texto completoThomas, Vincent. "Ecologie de Legionella pneumophila dans les réseaux de distribution d'eau potable". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00116971.
Texto completoL'objectif de ce travail était de mieux comprendre cette écologie. Des incubateurs permettant le prélèvement de biofilm ont été installés in situ dans un réseau, la colonisation en eau froide et en eau chaude a été suivie pendant 1 an. Par ailleurs, un pilote reproduisant un réseau intérieur permis de comparer l'efficacité de différents traitements de désinfection. Enfin, la recherche de molécules auto-inductrices qui pourraient expliquer l'exacerbation de la virulence lors de la multiplication intra-cellulaire a été menée dans différentes conditions.
Les incubateurs ont permis l'amplification de la quantité de légionelles, rendant possible la détection par culture en eau froide et entraînant une stabilisation de la population en eau chaude. L'utilisation de sondes spécifiques n'a pas permis d'améliorer la détection dans les biofilms.
Lors des essais sur pilote, les populations des biofilms ont été analysées grâce à des méthodes moléculaires (FISH, marquage de vitalité) et par culture. Le classement des traitements par ordre d'efficacité décroissante est le suivant : dioxyde de chlore > chlore > ozone > monochloramine > cuivre-argent. Seul le dioxyde de chlore montre une activité résiduelle dans les bras morts rincés quotidiennement avec de l'eau traitée. Les amibes résistent aux traitements, et Lp retrouve son niveau de population initial quelques jours seulement après leur interruption.
Enfin, aucune sécrétion d'auto-inducteur n'a été mise en évidence, et l'incubation de Lp avec ces molécules ne semble pas modifier l'invasion des amibes.
Beaulieu, Christine. "Caractérisation spatio-temporelle de la réactivité des précurseurs de sous-produits de la désinfection en réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26960/26960.pdf.
Texto completoDelahaye, Eric. "Contribution à la mise en évidence d'indicateurs relatifs des phénomènes de post-prolifération bactérienne en réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112153.
Texto completoThe formation of biofilms in drinking water networks can result in numerous problems: desinfectant decay, corrosion and an increase of bacterial quantities in water. That is why it is now so important to have efficient tools for the estimation of the biofilm formation potential of the produced and distributed water. Incubators have been designed which allow the formation, the sampling and the quantification of biofilms. The experimental protocol has been optimized and, prior to its use on the Paris network, some zones have been identified as the more microbioiogically contaminated. Then, this protocol has been used on these zones. The obtained results prove the low contribution of bacterial cells to Fixed Total Organic Carbon, without knowing if it corresponds to the production of extra-cellular components or not. To reach a pseudo-equilibrium state, biofilms need fifty days or more and some of the obtained results lead to the hypothesis of an in situ reversibility of the VNC state. At the outlet of the plants, biofilms contain more fixed iron and less culturable bacteria than in the network. This is certainly due to highest free chlorine concentrations at the plants and to the use of FeCl3 during the treatment process. None effect of water origin on biofilms formation appears
Mercier, Shanks Catherine. "Variabilité spatio-temporelle des sous-produits de la désinfection émergents (haloacétonitriles, halonitrométhane et halocétones) dans un réseau de distribution d'eau potable". Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29065/29065.pdf.
Texto completoDumora, Christophe. "Estimation de paramètres clés liés à la gestion d'un réseau de distribution d'eau potable : Méthode d'inférence sur les noeuds d'un graphe". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0325.
Texto completoThe rise of data generated by sensors and operational tools around water distribution network (WDN) management make these systems more and more complex and in general the events more difficult to predict. The history of data related to the quality of distributed water crossed with the knowledge of network assets, contextual data and temporal parameters lead to study a complex system due to its volume and the existence of interactions between these various type of data which may vary in time and space. This big variety of data is grouped by the use of mathematical graph and allow to represent WDN as a whole and all the events that may arise therein or influence their proper functioning. The graph theory associated with these mathematical graphs allow a structural and spectral analysis of WDN to answer to specific needs and enhance existing process. These graphs are then used to answer the probleme of inference on the nodes of large graph from the observation of data on a small number of nodes. An approach by optminisation algorithm is used to construct a variable of flow on every nodes of a graph (therefore at any point of a physical network) using flow algorithm and data measured in real time by flowmeters. Then, a kernel prediction approach based on a Ridge estimator, which raises spectral analysis problems of a large sparse matrix, allow the inference of a signal measured on specific nodes of a graph at any point of a WDN
Leyli, Abadi Milad. "Modélisation dynamique, classification et détection de changement dans les panels catégoriels issus d'un réseau d'eau intelligent". Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2003.
Texto completoNowadays, we observe a growing concern raised by the environmental issues and those related to management of the resources as electricity and water. As part of a collaborative project with Veolia Eau d'Île-de-France and le syndicat des eaux d'Île-de-France, this PhD research addresses initially the clustering of water consumers based on their consumption behavior dynamics over time. These dynamics, in each cluster, depend on a number of exogenous factors. To model this joint density, non-homogeneous Markov models are investigated as the components of a mixture model. Hence, the estimation of the parameters in each cluster allows to predict the future consumption behaviors independently. Afterwards, the problem of online structural change detection in a set of consumption behavior sequences is addressed. To this end, a sequential hypothesis testing of generalized likelihood ratio, based on a non-homogeneous Markov model is proposed. An adaptive threshold is also used which can be adjusted throughout the various types of changes and may reduce the number of false alarms. The results on a real dataset which is issued from a water network allow to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methods both in terms of clustering and change detection. Finally, the analysis of the estimated parameters of both models allows to study the influence of exogenous factors on clustering and detected changes
Boistard, Pascal. "Qualité et prix des services publics de distribution d'eau potable. Approche d'un prix de la qualité de l'eau et de la desserte". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523119.
Texto completoCorrec, Olivier. "Approche possibiliste de prédiction des risques de dégradation des réseaux de distribution d'eau à l'intérieur des bâtiments". Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0269.
Texto completoWater supply installation inside buildings suffer from several dysfunctions which can lead to leakages or pipe scaling. This study aims to predict degradation risk (corrosion, scale) according to installation characteristics. First, our approach consists of a structural and functional analysis of water system, in order to understand its functioning. In a second time, tools like FMEA are used to find all failures modes which initiate degradation phenomena. Then operation series based on site information and theoretical knowledge allow to build qualitative map of risk according to degradation type met. At last computer prototype has been developed and used on practical case
Vargas, Marcelo. "GESTION MUNICIPALE VS. GESTION ETATIQUE DES SERVICES D'EAU ET D'ASSAINISSEMENT DANS LA RÉGION MÉTROPOLITAINE DE SAO PAULO : ACTEURS, TERRITOIRES ET REGULATION". Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345073.
Texto completol'organisation institutionnelle des services d'eau potable et d'assainissement au Brésil depuis le début des années 70, cherchant à comprendre leurs différentes logiques de fonctionnement et de régulation, leurs contraintes et leurs effets contraignants respectifs tels qu'ils se manifestent sur le terrain municipal
Béjannin, Baptiste. "Optimisation du pilotage d’un parc diffus de ballons d'eau chaude pour la fourniture d’offres de flexibilités au réseau électrique". Thesis, Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLM010.
Texto completoIn France, electric water heaters represent an important source of flexibility for the grid. This thesis stands within the scope of the deployment of innovative telecommunication solutions which aim to quickly and individually address orders to Joule or thermodynamic electric water heaters. Therefore, the approach consists in proposing a model of an electric water heater sufficiently detailed to allow an evaluation of comfort while saving the calculation resources. The model has a low unit calculation time and can be configured easily to represent the French stock in all its diversity using the French territory description databases (INSEE data). In parallel, a consumer behavior model has been developed to simulate annual hot water draws over short time steps. The behavior model, as well as the equipment, is representative of the actual stock in average, but also in their diversity. This stock is adapted to the optimization of thousands of electric water heaters to achieve flexibility objectives. In a second step, an optimization process based on the use of a metaheuristic algorithm by "particulate swarm" is implemented in order to develop strategies for optimizing the control of water heaters and to propose flexibilities to the grid while taking into account the discomfort of users. The realistic control configurations promised by the telecommunication innovations are tested for the flexibility they could provide to grid operators. Finally, the robustness of the obtained control orders with different drop-off scenarios is evaluated. All models and algorithms are integrated into Smart-E, the energy simulation tool for territories at CES
Morel, A. L'Huissier Alain. "Economie de la distribution d'eau aux populations urbaines à faible revenu dans les pays en voie de développement". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529771.
Texto completoDesjardins, Anouk. "Détermination des temps de séjour dans les réseaux de distribution d'eau potable par traitement du signal". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0015/MQ48848.pdf.
Texto completoYaradou, Diaraf Farba. "Legionella pneumophila : de la détection dans les réseaux d'eau à l'étude de l'invasion des cellules épithéliales pulmonaires humaines". Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10174.
Texto completoMcGrath, John. "Impacts des stratégies d'économie d'eau potable sur la chloration secondaire de réseaux municipaux du Québec". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/30277.
Texto completoThe main objective of this study is to investigate the impacts of drinking water conservation strategies on residual chlorine in a water distribution system (WDS) at the municipal scale. This study was designed to develop a methodology to predict free residual chlorine (FRC) according to its decay rates in WDS through microbiological and chemical reactions in the bulk phase and at the pipe wall. This prediction can be useful for operators, managers and engineers to reduce microbiological risks in vulnerable areas of a WDS. To achieve this objective, a sampling campaign was conducted to evaluate FRCs. A hydraulic model was then calibrated by adjusting the chlorine wall reaction coefficients to give the best fit between predicted and observed field measurements. A predictive model of FRC in which chlorine decay was simulated with a first-order chlorine residual decay for both bulk and pipe wall reactions. The model enables the simulation of FRCs for different flow distribution scenarios. These scenarios represent the evolution of water consumption from 2011 to 2016. This methodology was tested on three main WDSs in Québec (Canada) with populations ranging from 6 900 to 18 700 people. For these case studies, a decrease of FRC was observed related to the increase in the mean residence time due to the flow reduction. Results show that an increase in initial FRC ranging from 7% to 13% is required to obtain similar FRCs in 2016 compared to 2011. The results also highlight the impacts of flow reduction on FRC’s spatial and temporal variability through a WDS
Boissieras, Patricia. "Intérêt sanitaire et pratique de la désinfection des réseaux d'adduction d'eau potable publics et privés". Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P118.
Texto completoAbdallah, Amani. "Réseaux d'eau intelligents : surveillance de la qualité de l'eau par des capteurs en ligne". Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10150/document.
Texto completoThe objective of this thesis is to evaluate the performance of systems proposed for real-time monitoring of water quality in the drinking water network. It was conducted within the European project SmartWater4Europe and SunRise project, which aims at the construction of a demonstrator of the smart city on the campus of the“Cité Scientifique”. The work consists of 4parts:The first part presents a literature review of the work conducted on the real-time monitoring of water quality. It shows the parameters used to monitor the water quality and the technologies available to monitor these parameters.The second part presents the construction of a Lab pilot for analyzing the performance of the water quality control systems. After a description of the systems used in this thesis(EventLab, s :: can and Intellisonde), we present the procedure followed for the realization of contaminant.The third part is devoted to the study of the performance of chlorine monitoring for detection of microbial contaminants. The results show that monitoring of chlorine constitutes an effective tool for monitoring the microbiological quality of drinking water.The fourth part presents the responses of EventLab and s::can to the injection of contaminants. Tests show a high reliability of EventLab and s::can to detect chemical contaminants. Regarding biological contaminants, s::can shows an ability to detect these contaminants for bacterial concentrations exceeding 106UFC/ml.The final part presents the water network of Cité Scientifique. The results of the water quality control are presented and analyzed. It also gives the location of the water quality control systems that will be installed on the water network
Vinette, Yannick. "Évolution spatio-temporelle et modélisation des trihalométhanes dans des réseaux de distribution d'eau potable de la region de Québec". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ65416.pdf.
Texto completoVieilly, Claude. "Etude de quelques méthodes de recherche de Legionella dans l'environnement : application à la surveillance de réseaux de distribution d'eau". Lyon 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LYO11684.
Texto completoJafar, Raed. "Modélisation de la dégradation des réseaux d'eau en vue d'une gestion prévisionnelle". Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_132.pdf.
Texto completoGuenda, Wendengoudi. "Etude faunistique, écologique et de la distribution des insectes d'un réseau hydrographique de l'ouest africain : le Mouhoun (Burkina Faso) : rapport avec Simulium damnosum Théobald, vecteur de l'onchocercose". Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30053.
Texto completoGrondin, Patrice. "Analyse de sensitivité des paramètres influant les différents résultats issus des modèles mathématiques de simulation des réseaux de distribution d'eau potable". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1263.
Texto completoPessereau, Coline. "Etude de facteurs biotiques et abiotiques qui contrôlent l'implantation des biofilms de Pseudomonas aeruginosa dans les réseaux de distribution d'eau thermale". Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EMNA0244/document.
Texto completoNatural mineral waters are distinguished from drinking water bytheir content in minerals and trace elements. Their use for therapeuticpurposes under medical control is performed in spas. Management ofdistribution networks and the microbiological quality of water are subjectto regulations. Despite the establishment of specific procedures, spas areregularly confronted with microbiological contamination mainly due to P.aeruginosa. This opportunistic pathogen has substantial adaptive capacity,resistance and persistence in the environment, under biofilm.The aim of this thesis work is to bring understanding on the P.aeruginosa behaviour in the natural mineral water distribution networksand validate the effectiveness of treatment products.The influence of the mineral composition of 3 waters on biofilmformation capacity of 9 P. aeruginosa strains of various origins could bedemonstrated. It appears that the amount of biofilm produced after 24 hare less important for the strong mineralization. Modulation of theproduction of virulence factors depending on the water quality iscorrelated to the specific action of certain ions and iron bioavailability. Inhigh mineralization conditions it has been shown that organic materialspromote biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa while metallic materials tendto disadvantage it. The efficiency of a treatment sequence of a patient pointof use has been validated on the 24 h biofilm model and on all materials
Volpe, Sophie. "La protection des réseaux internes des immeubles contre le phénomène de retour d'eau : incidence sanitaire potentielle de ce type d'incident". Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05P194.
Texto completoThorel, Claire. "Maîtrise de la qualité microbiologique en réseau de distribution : impact de procédés alternatifs de désinfection sur des biofilms d'eaux thermales". Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2255.
Texto completoThermal spas meet recurrent episodes of bacterial contamination of delivered waters. The aim of this work was to evaluate disinfectant efficiency of some "alternative" processes (peracetic acid, monochloramine, hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium salts and association with acid or basic leachings) on biofilms from thermal waters in order to determine an efficient process for thermal spas distribution systems. All processes studied have an important biocidal effect but bacterial growth start again from the end of the process. The most consistent bacterial kills were obtained with hydrogen peroxide alone and basic leaching/quaternary ammonium salts association. Disinfection assays applied to biofilms containing Legionella sp. Showed that acid leaching/monochloramine association inhibit biofilm colonization by Legionella sp. P. Aeruginosa emergence was observed in some cases further to the use of several disinfection processes
Malandain, Julien. "Modélisation de l'état de sante des réseaux de distribution d'eau pour l'organisation de la maintenance : étude du patrimoine de l'agglomération de Lyon". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0040.
Texto completoThe objective of this research is to provide elements of method and models making it possible to diagnose the state and to predict the ageing of the water mains to help the managers to satisfy, with short and long-term, their objectives of performance. This study is based on a state of knowledge relating to the pipes degradation phenomena, on the analysis of the data available and usable to describe the symptomatic history, the constitution, the aggressive environment and the sensitive environment of the infrastructure, and on the study and use of tools such as Geographic: Information systems, hydraulic modeling and models of reliability, which make it possible to represent and to evaluate the functioning of the networks. The principal results of this research are : - A new formulation of the technical problematic of infrastructure management, based on the operational constraints and the current stakes of customer service and system profitability ; - The organization of information relating to the network description and of the tools used for the analysis and prediction processes, within the framework of a decision support system ; - The proposal of two new models, adapted to the data available on water supply systems, one contributing to design and simulate long term renewal strategies, the other contributing to the reactive programming of maintenance actions
Joint, Pierre Wickir. "Détermination des coefficients de dégradation du chlore libre en vue de la modélisation de la qualité de l'eau des réseaux de distribution d'eau potable". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1309.
Texto completoAguilar, Ibarra Alonso. "Les peuplements de poissons comme outil pour la gestion de la qualité environnementale du réseau hydrographique de la Garonne". Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2004. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7394/1/aguilar.pdf.
Texto completoChesneau, Olivier. "Un outil d'aide à la maîtrise des pertes dans les réseaux d'eau potable : La modélisation dynamique de différentes composantes du débit de fuite". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/CHESNEAU_Olivier_2006.pdf.
Texto completoThe degradation of the performance of water networks due to ageing has to be fought. The high financial stakes involved in keeping the quality of service at an acceptable level impose the need for a controlled and motivated management of assets. Leaks, whose effects are particularly detrimental for the resource, are one of the key indicators of the infrastructures deterioration. This study presents a tool to foresee the evolution of leaks, considering both the natural growth in time and the interventions of the operator to reduce them. Leak flows and repair records on District Metered Areas are used to elaborate this tool and calibrate a dynamic model, named the “three states model”. It is based on the double hypothesis that the leaks appear according to a Yule process and that they transform with time to pass through three successive states (background leaks, unreported leaks and manifest bursts). Considering the mean age of the DMAs, the model first restores the selected records by decomposing the leak flow into a part due to the background leaks and another part linked with the unreported leaks. Then, it allows the evolution of the leak flow at several time steps to be followed when various management scenarios are applied to the DMA. The simulation of the benefits of leak-finding or renewal operations is made possible by the model formulation and so can guide the choices and the programming of operator interventions
Tamo, Tatietse Thomas. "Elements pour une prise en compte de la participation des ménages au développement des réseaux d'eau potable et électricité dans les villes des pays en développement : le cas du Cameroun". Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0068.
Texto completoHouseholds access to potable water and electricity distribution networks, in many town and cities in developing countries is still very limited. How can the access of urban households to water and electricity be upgraded and sustained without neither diminishing the quality of services offset nor considerably increasing the financial burden on the state ? Therefore, to provide an appropriate answer, we present the following propositions: On the financial side, a computerised methodology is established to evaluate the affordability of households in order rationalised investment and network exploitation. Technical issues deals with points of reference as an alternative to current design codes. On the basis of compatibility between the affordability of households and points of reference of which the probability of occurrence constitutes the risk, we define for each urban stratum, an appropriate service level, the type and optimal design of the distribution network; Finally, field tests carried out in three Cameroonian towns namely Obala, Yaounde and Bandjoun confirm the model proposed for network development. We have also put into place a graphical financial risk evaluation method which constitutes a decision making aid for a network extension or reinforcement. The procedure proposed goes beyond the customary procedure to obtain the ration of underserved “households per KM” of network is about 40%, this corresponds to an overall investment gain of 57%
Cambon, Sophie. "Services d'eau potable : de la logique d'offre à la maîtrise de la demande. Comparaison France - Etats-Unis. La place des usagers dans la gestion durable des services en eau placés sous contrainte environnementale". Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344595.
Texto completoCousin, Elissa. "Three Essays on Water Economics". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN026/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation focuses on the issue of water infrastructure renewal in potable water distribution networks. I investigate the reasons why water infrastructure in certain water utilities are not renewed. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is based on theoretical models that solve for the optimal water main network quality index. The second chapter studies the optimal timing of water mains replacement. And finally, the third chapter is based on an empirical study on the factors that influence the water main replacement rates in French utilities.In the first chapter I present a static cost minimisation model to solve for the cost-efficient water main quality index. This quality index is defined as the proportion of ``new" mains (which we denote as ''good quality mains'') to the total length of mains. The solution depends on the arbitrage between the cost of water loss and the cost of good quality mains. Where economies of network density are present such as urban utilities, water loss represents a cost burden to the water utility; hence water loss reduction (high network quality) is beneficial. Furthermore, we show that rural utilities face the largest difficulty in achieving both water loss reduction and cost recovery of network renewal.In the second chapter I present a two-stage optimal switching timing model that solves for the profit-maximising timing of water mains replacement. This model considers the option between rehabilitation and replacement. Water utilities may be inclined to rehabilitate old mains to extend their longevity since rehabilitation costs are much lower than replacement costs. We show that it is beneficial for the utilities to replace mains that are already obsolete than to rehabilitate since the generated benefit from temporary water loss reduction and the postponement of replacement is not worth the cost of rehabilitation. This is particularly noticeable in large urban utilities that face large costs of water loss.In the third chapter, I present an empirical study on the water mains replacement rates observed in French water utilities. The empirical results based on cross sectional data show that publicly operated utilities on average have higher replacement rates than outsourced utilities. This is because most of the public utilities have short total network length (very high replacement rates are associated with small network length). Moreover, small rural networks tend to conduct replacement of mains alongside other roadworks. However results also show that public utilities have higher replacement rates over outsourced ones in very large urban utilities. This result reflects the difference of priorities defined by in-house operated utilities and outsourced utilities. This difference does not imply that outsource utilities neglect network renewal; instead it reveals the nature of the structure of outsourced utilities. The responsibility of outsourced utilities are defined in the contract signed with the local authority. If network renewal is not specified, there is no incentive for replacing mains. Moreover, in practice, outsourced utilities often manifest higher prices which are accompanied by higher water quality. Furthermore, the results show that the size of the network has a large impact on replacement rates. The longer the length, the proportion of replaced mains are smaller; however, for very large utilities the negative effect disappears. The results show that replacement rates are indeed greater in very large urban utilities. This result is coherent with the theoretical models presented in the first chapter that shows the urgent need for high network quality in large urban utilities
Carvajal-Quintero, Juan. "Évaluation des déterminants de l'aire de répartition des poissons d'eau douce pour éclairer leur écologie et conservation". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30090.
Texto completoUnderstanding the geographic distribution of species across space and time is one of the long-standing challenges in ecology and evolution. Among the major components of species distribution, the species' geographic range size has been studied across several taxonomic groups and has been related to multiple ecological and evolutionary factors. The geographic range size of species is also of paramount importance in conservation strategies because it consistently emerges as a key correlate of extinction risk, where species occupying smaller geographic ranges are assumed to have a higher risk of extinction. Results concerning these fundamental and applied aspects of geographic range size have largely neglected freshwater fish, commonly focusing on the usual vertebrate groups (e.g. mammals, birds). However, freshwater fish, the most diverse vertebrate group, can provide novel insights about the geographic range size determinants and threats because of the unique dendritic shape and reduced amount of their habitat (i.e. river networks) compared to other terrestrial and marine ecosystems. In this PhD work, we analyzed for the first time the global patterns of geographic range size in freshwater fish species and tested previous hypotheses proposed to explain the variation of geographic range size in other taxonomic groups. Our findings showed that current and historical connectivity are the most important factors driving the geographic range size of freshwater fishes, contrasting with the main determinants reported for terrestrial and marine taxa. From an applied point of view, we focused on the usually observed macroecological relationship between the species' geographic range size and body size. This relationship would allow estimating the minimum geographic range size needed by species for long-term persistence. Based on ecological theory of species temporal fluctuations of abundances, we provide a mechanistic validation of this relationship, supporting its use to identify vulnerable species and their changes in extinction risk through reduced geographic ranges induced by anthropogenic factors. Using a tropical river basin as a case study, we used this macroecological relationship to quantify changes in species extinction risk due to the fragmentation of their ranges caused by hydropower development. The results and the data compiled in this thesis represent useful information to guide and inform conservation in freshwater fish and give the opportunity to continue filling theoretical gaps
Jazayeri, Noushabadi Mahmoud Reza. "Characterisation of relationships between fracture network and flow-path network in fractured and karstic Reservoirs : Numerical modelling and field investigation (Lez aquifer, Southern France)". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20206.
Texto completoAlthough the specific flow behaviour of fractured reservoirs has been identified and modelled since relatively long time, there are still lots of problem concerning the fractured reservoir characterisation. The main problem, often cited in the context of the development and exploitation of fractured reservoirs, is the difficulty in defining the fracture network properties that impact the flow path-network and the inter-porosity flow transfer between the fracture continuum and matrix continuum. Well test is one of the tools that are used for the characterisation of geometrical and hydrodynamic properties of fractured reservoir, such as inter-porosity flow exchange coefficient, fracture storativity to whole reservoir storativity ratio, and reservoir permeability. But all these information applied to characterise a fractured reservoir at regional scale are inferred from only a few boreholes. One may thus wonder if all observation boreholes have the same hydrodynamic response to a well test. In order to answer this question a series of numerical well tests are conducted in synthetic fracture networks to evaluate the effect of the pumping well location on the dual porosity pressure responses. The impact of geometrical parameters, such as fracture spacing and mean length, on fluid flow behaviour and inter-porosity exchange coefficient are investigated for different pumping well location in the first chapter. Well test simulations in the synthetic fractured reservoirs, with a non uniform distribution pattern, highlight the dependency of the measured inter-porosity flow exchange coefficient to the pumping test location. The mean fracture length (which controls connectivity) is assessed to be the main geometrical parameter which influences the reservoir hydrodynamic response during well test. In the second chapter, the relationship between fracture network and flow-path network are investigated in a real fractured and karstic carbonate aquifer (Lez aquifer, southern France). A multi-disciplinary case study, which aims to assess the main parameters which affect the preferential flow-path network, is thus performed. It comprises geological, geophysical and hydrodynamic data acquisition and interpretations. The collection of geometrical parameters such as fracture density, orientation, length is done at different scales (borehole, field site, aquifer). Applying different data acquisition techniques such as borehole image, outcrop observation and aerial photography are claimed to characterise the fracture network. In this experimental part, it is shown that geological and geophysical data such as fracture data acquisition, borehole imagery (OTV), reservoir electrical resistivity imaging are the minimum requested data for characterizing the fracture network of a given reservoir. Investigation of flow-path network is done through conducting a series of well logging, interference tests and pulse tests at two scales. This step gives some clarifications about the quality of connectivity and conductivity of fractures at different zones. Then, we assess the relationship between fracture network and flow-path network by integrating all geological, geophysical and hydrodynamic data. It is shown that conducting well test series at two different scales within the same fractured and karstic reservoir allow verifying the scale dependency of permeability within a same system; it also shows that other important factors than the scale of observation affect these permeability variations. Combination of all data (geological, geophysical and hydrodynamic) illustrates that the borehole connectivity to the flow-path network and water table level during well test operation are the parameters which mainly control the permeability value estimation, whatever the scale of observation. Finally, in the third chapter, we define the hydrogeological conceptual models at local and regional scales. Then a simple 2D numerical model based on the hydrogeological conceptual model at each scale is proposed and the numerical geomodelling and fluid flow simulation are compared to the observed hydrodynamic behaviour in the site. Results of fluid flow simulation in the numerical models at local and regional scales confirm our hypothesis about effect of borehole location and its connectivity with the flow-path network on the recorded hydrodynamic responses at borehole
Babykina, Evgénia. "Modélisation statistique d'événements récurrents. Exploration empirique des estimateurs, prise en compte d'une covariable temporelle et application aux défaillances des réseaux d'eau". Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21750/document.
Texto completoIn the context of stochastic modeling of recurrent events, a particular model is explored. This model is based on the counting process theory and is built to analyze failures in water distribution networks. In this domain the data on a large number of systems observed during a certain time period are available. Since the systems are installed at different dates, their age is used as a time scale in modeling. The model accounts for incomplete event history, aging of systems, negative impact of previous failures on the state of systems and for covariates.The model is situated among other approaches to analyze the recurrent events, used in biostatistics and in reliability. The model parameters are estimated by the Maximum Likelihood method (ML). A method to integrate a time-dependent covariate into the model is developed. The time-dependent covariate is assumed to be external to the failure process and to be piecewise constant. Heuristic methods are proposed to account for influence of this covariate when it is not observed. Methods for data simulation and for estimations in presence of the time-dependent covariate are proposed. A Monte Carlo study is carried out to empirically assess the ML estimator's properties (normality, bias, variance). The study is focused on the doubly-asymptotic nature of data: asymptotic in terms of the number of systems n and in terms of the duration of observation T. The asymptotic behavior of the ML estimator, assessed empirically agrees with the classical theoretical results for n-asymptotic behavior. The T-asymptotics appears to be less typical. It is also revealed that the two asymptotic directions, n and T can be combined into one unique direction: the number of observed events. This concerns the classical model parameters (the coefficients associated to fixed covariates, the parameter characterizing aging of systems). The presence of one unique asymptotic direction is not obvious for the time-dependent covariate coefficient and for a parameter characterizing the negative impact of previous events on the future behavior of a system.The developed methodology is applied to the analysis of failures of water networks. The influence of climatic variations on failure intensity is assessed by a time-dependent covariate. The results show a global improvement in predictions of future behavior of the process when the time-dependent covariate is included into the model
Ballet, Anne. "L'exclusivité et le réseau de distribution". Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON10065.
Texto completoLi, Zhe. "Optimisation d'un réseau de distribution de contenus géré par un opérateur réseau". Télécom Bretagne, 2013. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=13209.
Texto completoThe exploding HD video streaming traffic calls for deploying content servers deeper inside network operators infrastructures. Telco-CDN are new content distribution services that are managed by Internet Service Providers (ISP). Since the network operator controls both the infrastructure and the content delivery overlay, it is in position to engineer Telco-CDN so that networking resources are optimally utilized. In this thesis, we focus on the optimal resource placement in Telco-CDN. We first investigated the placement of application components in Telco-CDN. Popular services like Facebook or Twitter, with a size in the order of hundreds of Terabytes, cannot be fully replicated on a single data-center. Instead, the idea is to partition the service into smaller components and to locate the components on distinct sites. It is the same and unique method for Telco-CDN operators. We addressed this k-Component Multi-Site Placement Problem from an optimization standpoint. We developed linear programming models, designed approximation and heuristic algorithms to minimize the overall service delivery cost. Thereafter, we extend our works to address the problem of optimal video place- ment for Telco-CDN. We modeled this problem as a k-Product Capacitated Facility Location Problem, which takes into account network conditions and users¿ prefer- ences. We designed a genetic algorithm in order to obtain near-optimal performances of such ¿push¿ approach, then we implemented it on the MapReduce framework in order to deal with very large data sets. The evaluation signifies that our optimal placement keeps align with cooperative LRU caching in term of storage efficiency although its impact on network infrastructure is less severe. We then explore the caching decision problem in the context of Information Cen- tric Network (ICN), which could be a revolutionary design of Telco-CDN. In ICN, routers are endowed with caching capabilities. So far, only a basic Least Recently Used (LRU) policy implemented on every router has been proposed. Our first contri- bution is the proposition of a cooperative caching protocol, which has been designed for the treatment of large video streams with on-demand access. We integrated our new protocol into the main router software (CCNx) and developed a platform that automatically deploys our augmented CCNx implementation on real machines. Ex- periments show that our cooperative caching significantly reduces the inter-domain traffic for an ISP with acceptable overhead. Finally, we aim at better understanding the behavior of caching policies other than LRU. We built an analytical model that approximates the performance of a set of policies ranging from LRU to Least Frequently Used (LFU) in any type of network topologies. We also designed a multi-policy in-network caching, where every router implements its own caching policy according to its location in the network. Compared to the single LRU policy, the multi-caching strategy considerably increases the hit- ratio of the in-network caching system in the context of Video-on-Demand application. All in one, this thesis explores different aspects related to the resource placement in Telco-CDN. The aim is to explore optimal and near-optimal performances of various approaches