Literatura académica sobre el tema "Reproduction (biologie) – Évolution"
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Artículos de revistas sobre el tema "Reproduction (biologie) – Évolution":
GALLOUIN, F. y J. LE MAGNEN. "Évolution historique des concepts de faim, satiété et appétits". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 27, n.º 1B (1987): 109–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19870201.
MAZUR, A., Elyett GUEUX, Y. CHILLIARD y Y. RAYSSIGUIER. "Évolution des lipides et lipoprotéines plasmatiques chez la vache en début de lactation". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 26, n.º 1B (1986): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19860255.
GALTIER, P. y G. LARRIEU. "Enzymologie hépatique de biotransformation chez l'agneau. Description et évolution en cours de fasciolose". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 26, n.º 1B (1986): 375–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19860264.
ATTAIX, D. y J. C. MESLIN. "Évolution de la morphologie de la muqueuse intestinale et du renouvellement cellulaire de son épithélium chez l'agneau préruminant". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 26, n.º 1B (1986): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19860246.
Bas, P., P. Schmidely y P. Morand-Fehr. "Évolution de la quantité d'énergie ingérée chez le chevreau alimenté avec du lait de chèvre ou du lait de remplacement". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 31, n.º 3 (1991): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19910310.
DISENHAUS, Catherine, Lucette BELAIR y J. DJIANE. "Caractérisation et évolution physiologique des récepteurs pour les « insulin-like growth factors » I et II (IGFs) dans la glande mammaire de brebis". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 28, n.º 2A (1988): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19880204.
Alessandri, JM, TS Arfi y C. Thieulin. "La muqueuse de l'intestin grêle : évolution de la composition en lipides cellulaires au cours de la différenciation entérocytaire et de la maturation postnatale". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 30, n.º 5 (1990): 551–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19900501.
Mourot, J., A. Mounier, P. Peiniau y M. le Denmat. "Effet de taux variables d'acide linoléique dans le régime sur la qualité de la viande de porc. Évolution au cours de la conservation". Reproduction Nutrition Développement 31, n.º 3 (1991): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19910329.
PEYRAUD, J. L. y F. PHOCAS. "Dossier " Phénotypage des animaux d'élevage "". INRAE Productions Animales 27, n.º 3 (25 de agosto de 2014): 179–1890. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2014.27.3.3065.
Van dyck, Marie-claire y Emmanuel Gilissen. "Évolution". Anthropen, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.010.
Tesis sobre el tema "Reproduction (biologie) – Évolution":
Angelier, Frédéric. "Age et reproduction chez les oiseaux marins : mécanismes hormonaux impliqués dans les décisions de reproduction". Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2328.
Breeding success increases with age in many organisms, but the physiological mechanisms underlying this pattern are poorly known. The aim of this dissertation is to explore the influence of age on hormonal mechanisms involved in the regulation of parental behaviour, allostasis and stress response (corticosterone and prolactin) in seabirds. The use of ongoing long-term mark-recapture programme allowed us to show that age and especially breeding experience influence baseline hormones levels and the sensitivity to stressors. We were able to describe the first hormonal correlates of senescence. We showed the role of corticosterone, which in interaction with body condition, mediates foraging decisions and allocations processes. Our data strongly suggest that variations in baseline corticosterone levels and the ability to maintain a threshold levels of prolactin during a stressful situation may be an important physiological mechanism involved in the improvement of reproductive performance with advancing age. These findings are discussed in the light of current the evolutionary theories addressing the effect of age and experience on reproductive success
Leturque, Henri. "Evolution du sexe ratio et de la dispersion en populations structurées". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20177.
Haudry, Annabelle. "Influence de la domestication et du système de reproduction sur la diversité et l'évolution des gènes chez les Triticeae". Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20244.
Abu, Awad Diala. "Death and sterility with a side of evolutionary suicide : the interplay of deleterious mutations and population size and the evolution of self-fertilisation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10134.
As the ultimate source of genetic variation, mutation has the inconvenience of introducing deleterious mutations. These mutations shape the evolution of species, from genetic mechanisms on the cellular level to reproductive systems, which lessen their effects on fitness. In this thesis we explore how these mutations influence population size by allowing the interaction between population size and selection, which has been little explored in conventional population genetics models. In a deterministic context with a single locus, germ-line and somatic mutations influence population size and the mutation load, both which depend on the timing of the expression of these mutations. Multi-locus individual based models show that population viability depends on the demographic properties and on the rate of introduction and impact of mutations. Though self-fertilisation generally increases population viability, strictly self-fertilising populations go extinct due to mutational meltdown when mutations are of small effect. When selfing is allowed to evolve from an outcrossing reproductive regime, there are cases of evolutionary suicide where strict selfing evolves and leads to extinction. We predict that the genetic properties of populations may not be a consequence but a cause of population size. We have emphasized the importance of taking the demographic consequences of deleterious mutations into account when studying the evolution of populations, as in the case of the evolution of self-fertilisation where the previously undetected evolutionary suicide was observed. This result may explain the observed higher extinction rates in selfing compared to outcrossing species
Glémin, Sylvain. "Dépression de consanguinité, systèmes de reproduction et biologie de la conservation. Approches théoriques et expérimentales chez Brassica insularis Moris". Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20171.
Thériault, Véronique. "Évolution des tactiques alternatives chez l'omble de fontaine. Patrons de reproduction, héritabilité et pêche sélective". Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24870/24870.pdf.
The central objective of this thesis was to assess the genetic basis of alternative life-history tactics in brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis. Anadromy, defined as migration to sea before returning to freshwater to spawn, and residency, the completion of the entire life-cycle in freshwater, are two tactics commonly found in sympatry in salmonids. These two life-history forms are considered here as alternative tactics within a conditional strategy and are studied according to the threshold model of quantitative genetics. First, molecular markers and parentage analysis revealed that reproduction frequently occurred between the two forms, and was mediated by the resident males. Moreover, individual reproductive success was linked to body size in females, but not in males, which suggest that smaller males make use of the alternative sneaker reproductive tactic. Second, sib-reconstruction methods coupled to an “animal model” allowed the estimation of a significant heritability for the life-history tactic (between 0.53 and 0.56) and a significant genetic correlation between body size and tactic (-0.52 and -0.61), suggesting a joint evolution of these two traits. Finally, the evolutionary consequences of sportfishery on the evolution of anadromy and residency were assessed with the use of an eco-genetic model. After a hundred years of fishing-induced selection directed toward anadromous fish, the migration reaction norms shifted, resulting in a decrease in the probability of migrating with increasing harvest rate. This change was accompanied by a higher mean age at migration. The proportion of fish adopting the anadromous tactic decreased in the population as harvest rate increased, as did the absolute number of fish found in saltwater. These changes resulted in a lower mean age and size at maturity. This thesis contributes to our understanding of the determinism of alternative phenotypes and stands out because of its realization under completely natural conditions. By highlighting the genetic basis of anadromy and residency, this work suggests that an evolutionary response is expected in face of anthropogenic or natural selective forces, and such consequences are presented through an innovative modeling approach.
Perdereau, Elfie. "Biologie de l'invasion d'un termite américain en France : évolution de l'organisation sociale et conséquences sur le succès invasif". Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR4024/document.
The increasing of ecological and economical problems linked to biological invasion phenomenon necessitate a better understanding of mechanisms allowing an invasive success. In social insects, studies are mainly focused on social Hymenoptera, and has demonstrated that social organization of introduced populations presented particular characters allowing their invasive success. The principal objective of my PhD is to characterize the social organization of the introduced populations in Isoptera through the study of the American termite Reticulitermes flavipes introduced in France. The overall of results reveals (i) strong variations of social organization between native and introduced populations presenting a extreme form of neoteny and a strong capacity to colonial fusion; (ii) these variations seem to have evolved after its introduction in France, and (iii) to allow the establishment and expansion of R. flavipes in France, similarly to unicoloniality and polygyny observed in the social invasive Hymenoptera. The possible evolutionary origins of the observed variations between native and introduced populations of R. flavipes are discussed
Picq, Sandrine. "Diversité et évolution chez Vitis vinfera L. de traits impliqués dans le syndrome de domestication et dans la biologie de la reproduction". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20001.
Domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which, human selection pressures lead to great morphological and physiological changes that allow to differentiate domesticated species from their wild ancestors. Recent archaeobotanical, genetic and genomic studies of various annual crops such as maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) have significantly advanced our understanding of plant domestication. However, the domestication of perennial plants, particularly fruit trees, remains poorly documented compared to the domestication of annual crop plants.In this framework, this work aims to contribute to the understanding of the domestication process of the emblematic perennial plant, the grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) through the study of diversity and evolution of two major traits of the domestication syndrome: the seed shape and the reproductive system. Our work on seed shape based on the method of the elliptic Fourier transforms revealed significant relationships between seed shape, the taxonomic status (wild – domesticated), the geographic origin of cultivars and their parentage relationships, corroborating former results from genetic analysis. On the other hand, seed shape changes occurred during domestication seem to be linked to the increase of the berry size as the consequence of major human selection pressures. Regarding the transition from diecy to hermaphroditism to diecy operated during domestication, the analysis of sequence polymorphism in the sex locus revealed that domesticated grapevine would be the descendant of wild male individuals able to produce berries. The pattern of diversity of these sequences supports the hypothesis of the occurrence of a major domestication event in the Near East and testify of introgressions of Western European cultivars by local wild grapes
Ganem, Guila. "Commensalisme, fonction corticosurrénalienne et évolution chromosomique chez la souris domestique". Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20053.
Gervais, Camille. "Evolution de l'auto-incompatibilité : modélisation des conditions de maintien et de diversification en populations finies". Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10180/document.
Self-incompatibility is a widespread genetic system, which enables hermaphrodite plants to avoid self-fertilization and mating with close relatives. It is based on the pistil's capacity to recognize and reject pollen when they express cognate specificities. Specificities are encoded by alleles at the self-incompatibility gene complex (known as the S-locus), composed of two linked genes, one expressed in pollen and the other expressed in pistils. During my PhD, I studied the maintenance and evolution of self-incompatibility from a theoretical standpoint, using a modeling approach. The first part of my thesis examined the co-evolution of self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression in finite populations, focusing on the conditions for maintenance of self-incompatibility when self-compatible mutants were repeatedly introduced in the population by recurring mutations. Our results showed that the maintenance of self-incompatibility is associated with high inbreeding depression, and is facilitated by high rates of self-pollination. The second part of my thesis explored the conditions for evolution of novel self-incompatibility alleles (S alleles), which we have studied both analytically in infinite populations and in finite populations via computer simulations. Our results showed that the conditions for diversification at the S locus are much less stringent in finite than in infinite populations, and that there is more diversification at this locus when few S alleles are present in the population
Libros sobre el tema "Reproduction (biologie) – Évolution":
Lodé, Thierry. Les stratégies de reproduction des animaux: L'aventure évolutive de la sexualité. Paris: Dunod, 2001.
Thorpe, Ellison Peter, ed. Reproductive ecology and human evolution. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 2001.
Jamieson, Barrie G. M. The ultrastructure and phylogeny of insect spermatozoa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Ellison, Peter T. On Fertile Ground: A Natural History of Human Reproduction. Harvard University Press, 2001.
Ellison, Peter T. On Fertile Ground: A Natural History of Human Reproduction. Harvard University Press, 2003.
Jamieson, Barrie G. M. Ultrastructure and Phylogeny of Insect Spermatozoa. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2011.
Lodé, Thierry. La Biodiversité amoureuse: Sexe et évolution. JACOB, 2011.
(Editor), Dori Lecroy y Peter Moller (Editor), eds. Evolutionary Perspectives on Human Reproductive Behavior (Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, V. 907). New York Academy of Sciences, 2000.