Tesis sobre el tema "Représentations paramétriques du mouvement"
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Radouane, Karim. "Mécanisme d’attention pour le sous-titrage du mouvement humain : Vers une segmentation sémantique et analyse du mouvement interprétables". Electronic Thesis or Diss., IMT Mines Alès, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024EMAL0002.
Texto completoCaptioning tasks mainly focus on images or videos, and seldom on human poses. Yet, poses concisely describe human activities. Beyond text generation quality, we consider the motion caption task as an intermediate step to solve other derived tasks. In this holistic approach, our experiments are centered on the unsupervised learning of semantic motion segmentation and interpretability. We first conduct an extensive literature review of recent methods for human pose estimation, as a central prerequisite for pose-based captioning. Then, we take an interest in pose-representation learning, with an emphasis on the use of spatiotemporal graph-based learning, which we apply and evaluate on a real-world application (protective behavior detection). As a result, we win the AffectMove challenge. Next, we delve into the core of our contributions in motion captioning, where: (i) We design local recurrent attention for synchronous text generation with motion. Each motion and its caption are decomposed into primitives and corresponding sub-captions. We also propose specific metrics to evaluate the synchronous mapping between motion and language segments. (ii) We initiate the construction of a motion-language dataset to enable supervised segmentation. (iii) We design an interpretable architecture with a transparent reasoning process through spatiotemporal attention, showing state-of-the-art results on the two reference datasets, KIT-ML and HumanML3D. Effective tools are proposed for interpretability evaluation and illustration. Finally, we conduct a thorough analysis of potential applications: unsupervised action segmentation, sign language translation, and impact in other scenarios
Ghafouri, Gharavi Mohammad. "Représentations sensori-motrices du geste graphique dans l'espace tridimensionnel". Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10017.
Texto completoThe goal of this work was to study the representation of the peri-personnal space in man. This investigation is performed by analysing the arm movement in the three-dimensional space. This movement consisted in the production of drawing movements -ellipses- executed in the three anatomical reference planes: the sagittal, the frontal and the horizontal. By selecting this experimental paradigm, we consider the movement as the expression of a cognitif processus per se: the perceptual motor representation of the three-dimensional space. The drawing movements in the space were recorded by means of the Vicon three-dimensional motion analyser. In the first part of this work, a comparative study has been done about the mental representation of the space and the influence of the visual information. The results of this first part showed that the motor representation of the anatomical reference planes was anisotropic. In the second part, we have studied the influence of the nature of the movement on the production of oriented figure in the space. In this part, the ellipses have been produced by drawing and by pointing. The results confirmed the anisotropy found in the first part of our work. In the third part, the performance of elderly subjects -not suffering of any neurosensorial deficiency- has been studied. The anisotropy in the motor representation of the space, observed for the elderly subjects, can be interpreted as a shrinking of the representation of the peri-personnal space
Bastian, Annette. "Préstructuration et évolution des représentations corticales au cours de la préparation du mouvement". Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX22076.
Texto completoCardoso, João Sousa. "L'imaginaire de la communauté portugaise en France, à travers les images en mouvement (1967-2007)". Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05H027.
Texto completoThis thesis is the result of a sociological research which was focused on the collective imaginary of the Portuguese community in France. The study concentrates on the films devoted to this particular social group along four decades, between 1967 and 2007. The notorious discretion of the Portuguese community in France, as far as public space is concerned, is such that Portuguese gained the reputation of being invisible in the French society. This situation was especially decisive in our decision to take up this research work. Through a deep and systematic analysis of the images which were associated with this social group, one can grasp, indeed, a better understanding of its collective life. In order to complete our investigation, a double perspective was needed, therefore we took into account not only the representations of the Portuguese community produced from the perspective of French society, but also those representations that the Portuguese community produced about itself, along this period of forty years. Our research, based on a sociological study of films, aims at identifying and understanding the major symbolic elements which shape the collective imaginary of the Portuguese community in France
Carlini, Alessandro. "Prédire le passé et le futur : rôle des représentations motrices dans l'inférence du mouvement". Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00834893.
Texto completoCARLINI, ALESSANDRO. "Prédire le passé et le futur: rôle des représentations motrices dans l'inference du mouvement". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/42015.
Texto completoL’efficacité du système visuel est permise par un complexe réseau d’élaboration, qui s’appuie sur des structures corticales, sous-corticales et périphériques. Le but de la présente recherche est de mieux comprendre le processus de perception visuelle du mouvement, et réaliser un modèle computationnel capable de reproduire les fonctionnalités humaines du tracking (suivi) d'un objet en mouvement. Ce travail de thèse comprend une ample recherche bibliographique, ainsi qu’une série d’expérimentations ; la thèse se compose de deux parties : La première partie a pour objet la détermination des performances dans l’inférence « vers le passé », d’un mouvement partiellement visible. Il s’agit de définir l’implication des informations exogènes (les signaux rétiniens) et endogènes (les modèles internes de l’action observée) dans la reconstruction de la cinématique d’une cible en mouvement et partiellement occultée. Nos résultats supportent l’hypothèse que le Système Nerveux Central adopte un mécanisme basé sur le recours aux modèles internes dans la reconstruction du passé de cinématiques biologiques. La deuxième partie complémente la première, et vise à identifier la structure et les caractéristiques fonctionnelles du système de poursuite, ainsi que à comprendre l’origine des erreurs systématiques présentes dans la localisation d’une cible chez l’homme. Nous avons développé un modèle computationnel en langage Matlab, basé sur le mécanisme d’extrapolation du mouvement, qui est capable de reproduire les données expérimentales dans la tâche de localisation.
Khan, Aarlenne. "Les représentations spatiales pour le mouvement visuellement dirigé chez des sujets sains et des patients neurologiques". Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10078.
Texto completoOmétak, Valérie. "Approche du mouvement du rythme musical par le mouvement graphique de l’auditeur. Représentations graphiques enactives de patterns rythmiques percussifs par des enfants de cinq ans". Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040007.
Texto completoGiven the lack of a consensual definition of rhythm and of a scientific theory of musical motion, this dissertation approaches empirically the abstract notion of the motion conveyed by musical rhythm. We present several theoretical conceptions of motion, musical rhythm being alternatively considered as an object, a phenomenon or a dynamic form. These points of view are completed with empirical data describing rhythms through listener’s movements. Within this framework, we use the dynamic form as a conceptual and methodological tool giving insights into the rhythm dynamics according the way their dynamo-agogic elements, assumed to convey information regarding motions' speed, change over time. It also allows the analysis of this musical dynamic form through the graphical dynamic form drawn by the listeners as they listen to a rhythm. This tool was tested in an exploratory experiment on 33 five-year-old enactive subjects, during which the movements of an electronic pen were recorded as the children were asked to draw an enactive graphical representation of 24 brief percussive patterns. The 792 tracing samples thus generated as rhythms unfold are studied with two methods comparing the respective temporal changes of tracing movements vs rhythms. Pairing these graphical and rhythmic dynamic forms for analysis exhibited strong links between the properties of intensity and duration of rhythms on one hand, and dynamic and formal properties of the graphical patterns generated by the listeners on the other hand
Brodeur-Girard, Sébastien. "Influences et représentations des Jésuites dans l'Encyclopédie". Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14825.
Texto completoLOMBARD, DESCHAMPS PASCALE. "Ethnologie urbaine du mouvement hip-hop : les b-boys dans leurs usages et représentations spécifiques des territoires urbains". Paris 7, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA070032.
Texto completoHip-hop culture, at the mean time street culture and urban culture, belongs to a young generation who takes up the challenge to exist in spite of all the ethnic and social disparities proper to the huges post-modern cities. She was elaborated in united-states in the seventies in continuity with afro-american community history. As we precise the particularisms of the trench hip-hop movement at the same time cultural, ethnic, based on identity, clearly developed as a global system of ideas, we analyse more precisely the influences of the local urban context that makes the hip-hop becoming an authentic urban culture. The hip-hop occupies the territories of the city true explorations and representations that build a new symbolic geography. For example, she shows us others limits into the classic relation between inner city and suburbs. She produce new codes of communication focused on the concept of style, coming from the suburds reality of every days. Mixing the concept of real space and social space, and asking the interest of the ethnographic tool in such experience, we analyse rap music, graffiti, hip-hop dances and all the usual rituals of the members (the b-boys) as representative forces of the position of the subjects into urban reality. Rap give a poetic interpretation of the territories. Tag occupy as an obsession all the urban space that carry the sign for wich his author still hesitates between visibility and non visibility. All the uses have a commun point : the possibility for the b- boys to tell their name and precise their place. They descrive the town as a sensible fabric made of urban forms permanently re-designed true the narrating
Dang, Hong-Phuong. "Approches bayésiennes non paramétriques et apprentissage de dictionnaire pour les problèmes inverses en traitement d'image". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ECLI0019/document.
Texto completoDictionary learning for sparse representation has been widely advocated for solving inverse problems. Optimization methods and parametric approaches towards dictionary learning have been particularly explored. These methods meet some limitations, particularly related to the choice of parameters. In general, the dictionary size is fixed in advance, and sparsity or noise level may also be needed. In this thesis, we show how to perform jointly dictionary and parameter learning, with an emphasis on image processing. We propose and study the Indian Buffet Process for Dictionary Learning (IBP-DL) method, using a bayesian nonparametric approach.A primer on bayesian nonparametrics is first presented. Dirichlet and Beta processes and their respective derivatives, the Chinese restaurant and Indian Buffet processes are described. The proposed model for dictionary learning relies on an Indian Buffet prior, which permits to learn an adaptive size dictionary. The Monte-Carlo method for inference is detailed. Noise and sparsity levels are also inferred, so that in practice no parameter tuning is required. Numerical experiments illustrate the performances of the approach in different settings: image denoising, inpainting and compressed sensing. Results are compared with state-of-the art methods is made. Matlab and C sources are available for sake of reproducibility
Lemay, Martin. "Représentations égocentrique et allocentrique d'une cible mémorisée lors d'un mouvement de pointage chez le jeune adulte et la personnes âgée". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65361.pdf.
Texto completoFecteau, François. "Les représentations sociales de leaders d'opinions sur le dégel des frais de scolarité à l'Université Laval : "quel mouvement pour quels enjeux?"". Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2010. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1740/1/030145790.pdf.
Texto completoGouy, Audrey. "La danse étrusque (VIIIe-Ve siècle avant J.-C.) : étude anthropo-iconologique des représentations du corps en mouvement dans l'Italie préromaine". Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEP044.
Texto completoFrom the iconographical sources, the only available, a corpus of 526 objects has been selected, irrespective of the medium, and from Tirrenian, Campanian and Po plain Etruria. Besides explaining and delineating the corpus of the representations of Etruscan dance and posing the historiographical bases, this thesis proposes in the first instance to think and define the representation itself of dance. Indeed, which elements in pictures permit to define a scene of dance as such ? Can we really consider it as dance ? The confusion we note in Greek and Latin texts between danced, sports and war practices are also present in pictures. This brings to consider dance in a large sens, in terms of performance and event. This first definition permits to delineate the scenes of dance from the scenes of processions, of dueling, and to draw a distinction between dancers and other recurrent actors in the Etruscan iconography such as the « orans ». In a second phase, the typological and serial analysis of representations of dance has permitted to raise an Etruscan repertoire of 2143 body postures, and thus to precise the definition of the pictures of dance. This axis has thus contributed to identify the different body positions, but also the gestures, the actors’ props, the actors’ physical features, the objects and places of dance. This systematic identification is accompanied by the study of coloured, clothing, gestural, and body interactions. Delineating the iconographical repertoire of Etruscan dance also implies to define the conditions of its elaboration and its porosity. The datas are thus replaced in a geographic and historic – Ancient Mediterranean – context in order to identify the foreign patterns and the reworked ones. The connection in series reveal that the comparison with Greek iconography is necessary to better understand some body positions. But the painters select and dispose according to the Etruscan practices of pictures making. Thus, the Etruscans digged into a Greek repertoire for some postures and then adapted and enriched them, such as their adaptation of the Greek alphabet in Etruria. The spread of the constitutive éléments of the Etruscan pictures of dance from a city to another permits to delineate a mutual and shared Preroman iconographical repertoire, but also local choices and adaptations. On this point, the cases of Tarquinia and Chiusi has been studied. Besides a common iconographical repertoire, in the two cities different visual solutions has been developped, linked to own pictures constructions. As a final step, the different types of dance previously delineated are studied further, such as the status and the function of the different actors. It aims to understant, thanks to an anthropological and historical approach – and when it’s possible –, the sequences and chaining of the different dances, their diffent phases and their place in the ritual practices of Preroman Italy. From this point, the question of the use of the Etruscan pictures of dance has been raised. And it has been highlighted that a precise selection of types of dance and of body positions has been made by the artists. In this frame, it’s the functioning and the system of the pictures – compared to a language –, which have been emphasized. The orientation taken in this third axis is also iconological and aim to decrypt and better understand the Etruscan pictures of dance in which the visual elements and the body postures are selected and disposed, in the iconographical program in which they are used, according their signification and their discursive dimension, and adapted to the ritual function of the medium on which they are disposed
Gouy, Audrey <1985>. "La danse étrusque (VIIIe-Ve siècle avant J.-C.): étude anthropo-iconologique des représentations du corps en mouvement dans l'Italie préromaine". Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/13463.
Texto completoSommerlat, Anne. "Le duché de Courlande et l'Aufklärung dans la seconde moitié du XVIIIe siècle : interactions et représentations". Toulouse 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU20062.
Texto completoOwing to its localization at the periphery of Poland, Russian and the Holy Roman Empire, the function of the duchy of Courland in the second part of the 18th century was more important than its real political and economic signification, on the one hand because the Aufklärer saw it as a place where one could strive for putting the ideas of Enlightenment to the test, and try to exercice a cultural influence, and on the other hand because the journalists, travellers and writers considered it as an observation post of their epoch. Its functioning allows to look into some of the main questions of the time of the Spätaufklärung. Several types of inner and outer interactions between different constellations of actors can be registered, including especially duke Peter Biron (1724-1800), the courlandic nobility, protestant German-speaking intellectual circles, the latvian population, and european courts
Augagneur, Floran. "Serge Moscovici et la nature du mouvement écologiste, une épistémologie psycho-politique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UEFL2010.
Texto completoThis work is a monograph. It attempts to reconstruct the unity of the polymorphous work of Serge Moscovici (1925-2014) whose thought have been deployed in different disciplines. This author is also one of the pioneers of the environmental movement in France. The central hypothesis of this work is that a transdisciplinary approach can, on the one hand, reveal the true dimension of this work and, on the other hand, shed new light on the history and evolution of this movement. It is within the work that Moscovici carried out in the history and philosophy of science during the 1960s that are located the explanations on the origin of a cognitive revolution, of which he will theorize the effects in social psychology, and of a political revolution, which will lead him to define as a political question the links between human groups and their material universe. In anthropology, he will formulate an ecological theory of relations of domination, notably opening the way to the ecofeminism of Françoise d'Eaubonne. Finally, the continuation of his work in social psychology will feed his reflections on the political strategy that the environmental movement should have adopted according to him. Despite the many intuitions that Moscovici had, the scope of his work is today attenuated by the fragmentation of academic disciplines and the compartmentalization between the scientific and militant universes. By building bridges and bringing his work into dialogue with that of other authors (including Durkheim, Koyré, Beauvoir and Lévi-Strauss), we will attempt to restore its richness and shed light on the epistemic and cognitive nature of the environmental movement
Violette, Louis. "Une histoire de la mémoire sportive en France au XXè siècle : l'individu, le groupe, le mouvement". Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H076.
Texto completoThrough the historiography of the 20th century, Pierre Nora and Paul Ricoeur noted an accelerated growth of memory issues in French society since the 1970’s. Social decompartmentalisation and acceleration of Time have contributed to the distance of traditional history, in favour of a polyphonic appropriation of lessons from the past. Born with the industrial era, modern sport built himself as a mirror of the contemporary age. Elite’s prerogative at the crossing of 19th and 20th centuries, sport became an hegemonic and transverse social phenomenon one hundred years later. In France, its progressive rise is the result of constant changes. From Coubertin’s amateurism to mercantile professionalism, from local recognition to globalized prism, the sport has moved. It is at the same time a laboratory and a social observatory. Starting from the 1980’s, the emergence of show business sport has stimulated the accession of a social conscience in French sport. Television, financial issues and democratization of the practice have taken part in this evolution. The growth of sport representations has adapted itself to the race to modernity. However, this movement generates an attempt to recapture collectively sport history, in the light of a plural continuity of its meaning through times. This patrimonial aiming defines a new stage toward the age of memory in French sport
Poplu, Gérald. "Nature des représentations impliquées lors de la reconnaissance visuelle de situations de jeu en sports collectifs : Application de la technique d'amorçage par répétition chez les joueurs de football experts". Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX22093.
Texto completoJorge, Priscillia. "L’image de la métropole en mouvement : les représentations métropolitaines au prime du voyage quotidien sur le Réseau Express Régional d'Ile-de-France, et le Servizio Ferroviario Suburbano di Milano". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris Est, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024PESC0003.
Texto completoAs metropolitan construction has become one of the central topics in the reflection on large urban agglomerations future, in France as elsewhere in Europe, as shown by the Greater Paris project, this thesis intends to study the image of the metropolis along the lines of research works that once proposed to study the image (or the images) of the city. Building upon a constructivist framework, this research examines the processes of metropolitan territories construction through the gaze of those who inhabit them, understood here in its philosophical sense. Its specificity is to place at the core of the analysis the mobility dimension, which is at the center of metropolitan strategies and appears as a structuring aspect of daily life in metropolises areas. Starting from the hypothesis that mobility plays an essential role in the configuration of contemporary societies lifestyles and participate in the emergence of new territoriality forms, the research questions may be defined as : What image(s) do the Paris and Milanese regions’ inhabitants have of the metropolises in which they live, work and move every day? To what extent do their daily mobility practices shape their landscapes perception and influence their representations of the metropolitan space ? The present research does not pretend to comprehend the multiplicity of inhabitants lived experiences. Nonetheless it aims, as it is inscribed in a phenomenological vein, to explore the experience - both individual and collective - of populations who travel on a daily basis on (sub-)urban transport networks and spend time commuting to connect the places of their extended living spaces. It is based on field work carried out with a group of regular travelers on the Réseau Express Régional d’Ile-de-France (RER), as well as an exploratory study on the Servizio Ferroviario Suburbano di Milano (SFS). Besides engaging in the deconstruction of the generic notion of metropolis; its political utilization by institutional bodies; and examining how metropolisation impacts inhabiting modes; one of the core preoccupations of this research is a methodological one : to experiment survey techniques and analysis methods, achieving through an original combination, to explore different dimensions of the metropolitan experience through the mobility standpoint
Devisme, Samuel. "Les représentations de la justice en France au siècle des lumières (1715-1799) : pour une iconologie globale". Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0009.
Texto completoThere are a lot of numerous and varied pictures of justice in France from 1715 to 1799. They go from the allegory of a woman, often dressed, holding a scale and a sword, or a public execution, capital punishment or not ; to men who go alongside the justice, whether they are judges or criminals. These pictures tell, between the lines, the ideology of the society of which they are contemporary. They are inspired from the artistic tradition, out of the past centuries, literature, philosophy and law. . . They are the testimony of what the French people from the Enlightenment Century thought of justice as well as what the institution' wanted to show of itself. From the divinity Themis to Salomon, from the gallows to the guillotine, from the most hateful criminal to the most powerful judge, and to the king, a whole artistic universe is rising. In this universe, the refinement of the justice rooms in parliaments, the modesty of the local justice rooms, the elegance of the judge's robe, and the vulgarity of the darkest criminal are meeting all together. A lot of artistic techniques - paintings, drawings, engravings, sculptures, architectures, decorative arts, graffiti - as well as a lot of artistic genres — allegories, scenes that can be religious, mythological, historical or from daily life, portraits, caricatures. . . - are present. From Hyacinthe Rigaud to Edme Bouchardon, from Louis XV to Robespierre, from Cartouche to Damiens, from the execution of Denies to Marie Antoinette's one, the figurations of justice throughout the Enlightenment Century are numerous. However, they're all part of a specific, meaningful iconography that this study stands out, emphasizes and analyses
Di, Fabio Alice. "Chute libre : étude de mouvement et des méthodes de résolution, proposition didactique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC313.
Texto completoThis research targets the teaching and learning of the notion of free fall. It aims at developing a learning sequence intended for high school seniors and which goal is to rebuild the notion of acceleration from the notion of speed variation.The chosen methodology falls within didactic engineering of second generation. Three exploratory studies contribute to preliminary work. The first one focuses on usual practices of free fall teaching in the beginning of the 2Oth century through the analysis of physics textbooks. It shows that the study of falling bodies appears like a content at the crossroads of kinematics and dynamics. It also allows to question the added value of using vectors at the epistemological, methodological and educational level. The second study explores the ability of first year students in drawing vectors in kinematics. It highlights that the use of vectors raises difficulties and is a kinematics skill in itself. The third study is a content analysis of the notion of acceleration and its characteristics in the case of free fall. It leads to the presentation of different semiotic representation registers of acceleration.These preliminary analyses lead to the conception of a sequence which puts the vector representation at the centre of the learning system and which hypothesis is that the representation of several successive velocity vectors is a learning tool. The results show positive effects on student learning especially by enabling to deepen the knowledge of free fall and improve the skills in using vectors. These results also help to identify and describe possible measures for improvement of the learning sequence
Lémonon, Isabelle. "La Savante des Lumières françaises, histoire d’une persona : pratiques, représentations, espaces et réseaux". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0086.
Texto completoThis research brings together women’s history and the history of science on the roles of women in science during the French Enlightenment (1715-1815). The aim is not only to identify women’s modes of action in the eighteenth century and to ascertain the knowledge these women mastered and produced, but also to analyze the dynamics of the circulation networks of this knowledge. In order to avoid confining these women to presumptively defined roles, which are often present-day categories, it is the scientific practices that guide this study, rather than a disciplinary or “professional” approach. Due to the fact that few archival traces of these women exist in scholarly institutions, the reconstruction of their itineraries is based on a biographical approach. This history “from below” of the persona of the Enlightenment Savante sheds light on some of these women’s participation in scientific production, considered as an enterprise with its different actors, its division of labor, its hierarchies, its economy, etc. For example, the career path of Marie-Louise Dupiéry (1746-1830) reveals the daily organization of scholarly work in the astronomy workshop of Jérôme Lalande (1732-1807), and thus contributes to the writing of the history of these invisible technicians. This research also challenges the common periodization of the Age of Enlightenment, which presents the Revolution as the tipping or breaking point between eighteenth and nineteenth century practices and epistemology
Goutaland, Carine. "À table : fonctions et représentations du repas dans la littérature naturaliste". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20010.
Texto completoThis work aims at exploring narrative and metaphorical representations of mealtimes in French or French-language naturalistic authors, whether they be considered major or minor, in the last quarter of the 19th century. Though they were certainly not the first to represent characters partaking in a meal, these writers approached the theme of food in a new way, and this was received with some reticence by their contemporaries. Attributing a new status to meals, the number and importance of which in the narrative grew continuously, they underlined the physiological dimension of the act of eating and represented food in its material dimension, to sometimes negative lengths. Rotten foodstuffs and dyspepsia arrived on the literary stage, at a time when gastronomic discourse was singing the praises of the moderate hedonism of the middle-class table. The motif of the meal was an ideological focal point enabling writers to question the dominant alimentary scheme of things. But it was also a field of literary experimentation where the aesthetic choices of the writer were projected and shaped, the writer appearing as an eater engaged in a sometimes harmonious, sometimes indigestible confrontation with reality. The novelistic meal is an image of artistic creation, both a central point of the materialistic project of the representation of reality and a space where naturalism explored and went beyond its own limits
Orain, Hugo. "Images et Révolution en mouvement : représentations fictionnelles de la Révolution française au cinéma, à la télévision et dans le jeu vidéo entre 2000 et 2020". Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20013.
Texto completoOur thesis questions the contemporary mythologies which transform our perception of the past, by nourishing a social imagination, and by colliding with historian narratives. For this, we studied 23 fictional representations of the French Revolution in cinema, television and video game, in France, between 2000 and 2020. The Revolution is a memorial object that persists largely thanks to fictions. Contemporary mythologies, such as the focus on the Terror and revolutionary violence, feed a dark vision of history, and oppose a positive republican memory. The fictions that we have analyzed are seen and played by millions of individuals, thus fictional narratives constitute a "parallel school" which competes with historical works. Until this day, no historical research has really been conducted on these issues. Our approach is unique because it is intermedia, that is to say that we have combined three media (cinema, television and video games), according to the idea that there is a media hybridization in design process. In this thesis, using sources of conception and reception (interviews, making-off, art work, reviews...), have deconstructed contemporary to understand mechanisms of representation of the past. Historians must bring fictions into their laboratory
Zarate, Ramirez Julio Cesar. "Représentations et dynamiques de l'espace, du voyage et de l'ironie dans trois romans de Roberto Bolaño, Guillermo Fadanelli et Juan Villoro". Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30027/document.
Texto completoThis dissertation claims to assemble a dialog between the representations of Space, Travel and Irony in the work of three contemporary Latin American writers; two of them, Mexicans: Juan Villoro (1956) and Guillermo Fadanelli (1963); the third one, the Chilean Roberto Bolaño (1953-2003). A benchmark is taken of three novels by these writers: Roberto Bolaño's Los detectives salvajes (1998); Guillermo Fadanelli's Lodo (2002) and Juan Villoro's El testigo (2004); however, the ensemble of their work is referred to in general. This work analyzes the different spatial levels where the literary text can be developed. The space known as “México” and the points of contact established in these novels, open to a multiplicity of spaces that are essential to the deployment of words. In addition to the referential space, other spaces are explored, the body of the characters, the memory, the dreams and the intertextual space that's constructed by the understanding of characters as well as the reading of the authors of these novels. With concern to travel, the interest revolves around the way the voyage is developed in each novel and the multiple features and types of journey that can be practiced in literature, from urban flânerie to exile in the desert. Regarding irony, the interest is to explore its various forms in these texts, which distinguish the writing and the style of these authors. A great diversity of manifestations of irony is analyzed, from parody to sarcasm, from discursive treatment to a particular ethical vision which sometimes ends in silence
Defrasne, Ait-Said Elise. "Perception et représentation du mouvement : influences de la verbalisation sur la reconnaissance de mouvements d'escrime en fonction de l'expertise". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA1023/document.
Texto completoIs it necessary to verbalize in order to memorize and learn a material? According to the literature examining the influence of verbalizations on learning and memory, the answer to this question depends on the type of material used (conceptual material versus perceptive material) and on the learners’ level of expertise. In Study 1, we examined the influence of verbal descriptions on the visual recognition of sequences of fencing movements, with participants of the three levels of expertise (novices, intermediates, experts). In Study 2, we studied the influence of different content of verbal descriptions on the recognition of sequences of fencing movements, according to the level of expertise. The goal of Study 3 was to examine the effect on memory of a trace distinct from a verbal trace: a motor trace. The findings of Study 1 show that verbalizing improves novices’ recognition, impairs intermediates’ recognition and has no effect on experts’ recognition. The results of Study 2 show that the content of verbal descriptions has an effect on memory, according to the participants’ level of expertise. The findings of Study 3 show that duplicating the fencing movement, with no feedback, strongly impedes beginners’ visual recognition. These findings broaden the verbal overshadowing phenomena to a material distinctly more conceptual than the one classically used in this field of research. They bring strong support to the theoretical hypothesis of interference resulting from a verbal recoding (Schooler, 1990). They also show that an additional motor trace can harm visual recognition of movement sequences
Diene, Bassirou. "L'adaptation à la diversité ethnique et culturelle des caisses populaires et d'économie du Mouvement Desjardins : les représentations sociales du phénomène construites par les communautés culturelles et par l'institution". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17831.
Texto completoPemangoyi, Leyika Aubain. "Discours et représentations de l’esclavage au siècle des Lumières dans les textes juridiques, encyclopédiques et littéraires". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2021_0027_PEMANGOYI_LEYIKA.pdf.
Texto completoThe literary work of the 18th century elaborates the singular representation which overtakes the dogmatism and disputes the regression of the European society. The discussion whether philosophic, literary or judicial concern themselves with man and his social frame. On the basis of this, our work which articulates around the theme “Discussion and representation of slavery in literary, judicial and encyclopidic texts in the age of enlightenment” explores and elaborates the different types of discussion around the question of slavery in the 18th century with the aim to study the statements and the modalities of representation of the other. This work allows not only the emergence of a new voice, which was previously seldom heard or studied but it also invites us to reinterrogate the age of enlightenment with relation to the question of slavery and to bring to light a subject that is in the middle of transformation. Firstly, we shall be examining the judicial nature of the black slave and his anthropological status, moving forward we’ll concern ourselves with the representation, position and the controversies of discussions of the eminent people over the question of slavery. We’ll be concluding the study with the study of abolition of slavery, heritage of the eminent people and political and their anthropological discussions. The abolition of slavery has reinstated a philanthropic discussion whose dynamics transcend the previous convictions around it and open the perspective of equality and humanity. Our study proposes to bring to the light their historic complexity and to rethink our responsibility to them, an ensemble of questions and problems. The study further questions with respect to a historic perspective, the origin, the development and the rupture in the continuity of a particular type of discussion based on the premise of racial discrimination and an incertitude about the anthropological values of the Africans and their relations with others
Robic, Myriam. ""Retour vers l'Eden perdu" : fonctions et représentations de la Grèce dans les oeuvres poétiques de Théodore de Banville". Rennes 2, 2008. http://www.bu.univ-rennes2.fr/system/files/theses/theserobic.pdf.
Texto completoThéodore de Banville, a little known poet generally associated with the “fantaisiste” current because of his Odes funambulesques, is at last attracting the attention of university criticism since his works provide a new vision of post-romantic poetry. Not only was Banville Baudelaire’s closest friend, he was seen as a master by Mallarmé, Verlaine and Rimbaud. By taking all of Banville’s poetry into account-from Les Cariatides (1842) to Dans la fournaise (1891) –, the intention is to re-situate the poet within the history of the nineteenth-century’s Hellenic rebirth side by side with Hugo, Baudelaire, Gautier, Leconte de Lisle, Ménard…, in a period of crisis during which artists tried to exile themselves from a “prudhommesque” world. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to re-think the aesthetic evolution of Banville’s poetry through Hellenism as well as the complex relationship between Romanticism and the Parnasse, the second being simplistically viewed as a repudiation of the first while Banville was central to both movements. Like Gautier, Banville was as a “bridge” between Romanticism and the Parnasse
Daouda, Marie Kawtar. "L'Anti-Salomé, représentations de la féminité bienveillante au temps de la Décadence (1850-1920)". Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0094.
Texto completoAt the crossroads between two centuries, Salome plays the part of a mandatory commonplace in art and literature. Nevertheless, next to the femme fatale and just as unavoidable, stands a fragile and benevolent form of feminity, molded in the cast of the fairytale princess and theGothic novel heroine, but inspired above all by the Virgin and Martyr of the edifying novel, be it antique or contemporary. As it might be discrete enough to become unreadable, this archetype's benevolence cannot be legitimated without a sacrifice. The religious meaning of the scapegoat remains just as obvious and as efficient in the novels' narrative structure, as well as in the detailsthrough which such characters are built. Marial, magdalenian and farylike characters must undergo the same destruction trial, through which their edifying meaning becomes a litteral building-up up meaning, by juxtaposing dissimilar and yet efficien aesthetic elements which turn the character into an allegory of artistic creation. By linking mid-19th century and the 1920es and by weaving a link between the most famous of Baudelaire's heirs and the ones whose name is just merging out of oblivion, the purpose of this study is to analyse how much these representations of benevolent femininity must be seen as a permanence, as a monument – or as a monumentum – where late-19th century will not only gaze a the death of a declining era, but concentrate all what will be used to theorize idealist artistic movements on the edge of the 20th century
Kiriow, Ivan. "Théories scientifiques et représentations littéraires de l'hérédité en France (1847-1902) : la science dans l'espace public, entre acculturation et appropriation". Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0126.
Texto completoThis dissertation studies the diffusion of the theories of heredity in the French literature of the second half of the nineteenth-century. In the perspective of a dialogical history of the « two cultures» (scientific and literary), it traces back the exchanges between scientific texts and literary works taken as relevant testi¬monies of the process of popularization of knowledge. Build in three sections, each one about a particular scientific theory (telegony, degeneration and « nervosime », atavism in criminals) and their novelistic incarnations, it follows the diffusion of doctrines, as well as their distortions and appropriations, determining elements of their penetration into the culture and society of an era
Ouzir, Nora Leïla. "Cardiac motion estimation in ultrasound images using a sparse representation and dictionary learning". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30149.
Texto completoCardiovascular diseases have become a major healthcare issue. Improving the diagnosis and analysis of these diseases have thus become a primary concern in cardiology. The heart is a moving organ that undergoes complex deformations. Therefore, the quantification of cardiac motion from medical images, particularly ultrasound, is a key part of the techniques used for diagnosis in clinical practice. Thus, significant research efforts have been directed toward developing new cardiac motion estimation methods. These methods aim at improving the quality and accuracy of the estimated motions. However, they are still facing many challenges due to the complexity of cardiac motion and the quality of ultrasound images. Recently, learning-based techniques have received a growing interest in the field of image processing. More specifically, sparse representations and dictionary learning strategies have shown their efficiency in regularizing different ill-posed inverse problems. This thesis investigates the benefits that such sparsity and learning-based techniques can bring to cardiac motion estimation. Three main contributions are presented, investigating different aspects and challenges that arise in echocardiography. Firstly, a method for cardiac motion estimation using a sparsity-based regularization is introduced. The motion estimation problem is formulated as an energy minimization, whose data fidelity term is built using the assumption that the images are corrupted by multiplicative Rayleigh noise. In addition to a classical spatial smoothness constraint, the proposed method exploits the sparse properties of the cardiac motion to regularize the solution via an appropriate dictionary learning step. Secondly, a fully robust optical flow method is proposed. The aim of this work is to take into account the limitations of ultrasound imaging and the violations of the regularization constraints. In this work, two regularization terms imposing spatial smoothness and sparsity of the motion field in an appropriate cardiac motion dictionary are also exploited. In order to ensure robustness to outliers, an iteratively re-weighted minimization strategy is proposed using weighting functions based on M-estimators. As a last contribution, we investigate a cardiac motion estimation method using a combination of sparse, spatial and temporal regularizations. The problem is formulated within a general optical flow framework. The proposed temporal regularization enforces smoothness of the motion trajectories between consecutive images. Furthermore, an iterative groupewise motion estimation allows us to incorporate the three regularization terms, while enabling the processing of the image sequence as a whole. Throughout this thesis, the proposed contributions are validated using synthetic and realistic simulated cardiac ultrasound images. These datasets with available groundtruth are used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed approaches and show their competitiveness with state-of-the-art algorithms. In order to demonstrate clinical feasibility, in vivo sequences of healthy and pathological subjects are considered for the first two methods. A preliminary investigation is conducted for the last contribution, i.e., exploiting temporal smoothness, using simulated data
Magalhaes, Suzana Marly da Costa. "Aluísio Azevedo, lecteur d'Emile Zola : Une étude sur les représentations de la ville dans Casa de Pensão et Pot-Bouille". Thesis, Paris 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA030004/document.
Texto completoNaturalism has been stereotyped and understudied in Brazil, and so have the relationships between Brazilian Naturalism and the European models that originated it. This thesis aims at shedding light on the relationships between Emile Zola and Aluisio Azevedo through the analysis of the representations of the city in the novels Casa de Pensão and Pot-Bouille. Parallelism and divergence between the two literary pieces will be presented. To this end, this study employs thematic criticism based on Walter Benjamin's categories in order to describe the urban imagery found in Azevedo's Casa de Pensão and Zola's Pot-Bouille, an imagery characterized by an opposition to modernity and the city. Also, both novels are inspired by the strong belief that the urban topos generates peculiar types of subjectivity. Hence, the collective habitations in focus – i.e., the immeuble disseminated by Baron Haussmann's urban reforms and the boardinghouses in Rio de Janeiro – would engender certain ways of being, acting and thinking in their dwellers. Such anthropological demarché translates as a sort of negative pedagogy, which displays an inappropriate educational process and points out its spurious results, thus implicitly or explicitly advancing an alternative educational model. It is here concluded that the pedagogical and topological approach implemented in Pot-Bouille appears in Casa de Pensão as a study of the national ailments, which is in turn demonstrated through the analysis of various models of subjectivity formation at specific loci of the city of Rio de Janeiro, namely the modest Portuguese two-storey houses and the typical boarding houses
Porhel, Vincent. "Mémoires, industrialisation, conflits : la construction des représentations sociales et culturelles dans les années 1968 en Bretagne au filtre de cinq conflits sociaux (1966-1981)". Rennes 2, 2005. http://books.openedition.org/pur/3445.
Texto completoYears 68 in Brittany are, like everywhere in France and in the world, one period of deep cultural and social transformations. These years of protest were punctuated by factory conflicts which showed, from 1966 to 1981, of new individuals aspirations as well as collective in the context of a complex mutation of the regional industrialization. These aspirations were supported and spread by local and regional protagonists, far from a Parisian unrest which monopolised later commemoration. The use of witness memories, through oral sources, allowed to follow the protagonist's representations of these transformations, based on five factory conflicts : the Hennebont's aciery (1966), the CSF-Thomson in Brest, the "Joint français" in Saint Brieuc (1972), the slaughterhouse Doux to Pedernec (1973-1974) and the antinuclear conflict to Plogoff (1974-1980). The course of the conflicts, which is marked in particular by the importance in the memories of the popular support and the speeches which accompanies it, emphasize thus, in the detail of the carried out fights, the changes of the social and cultural representations in Brittany during the years 1968. These new representations are expressed throughout the period by the success of the self-management idea, by the timid assertion of an identity of gender, by a call into question of moral authorities traditional and by the rediscovery fo a new regional identity
Lefort, Luc. "Le Génie du paysage : l'idéologie paysagère dans la littérature française des années 1800". Thesis, Paris 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA030009/document.
Texto completoThe first romanticism at the turn of the 19th century would be the successor to Rousseauism. However, we believe this translates into a radical break between the idea of nature as understood in the 18th century and the idea of landscape as expressed by the young writers in the 1800s. Until the Revolution, the idea of nature is still considered as the ideal setting for potential happiness, as evidenced, even on the ground, by landscape designers at the end of the former Regime. From the regular garden to the landscaped garden, landscape was only ever designed as a background. In the wake of the Revolution, landscape takes on a whole new meaning. It is no longer the divine setting where the intelligent man flourishes, but becomes the sublime figure of a new relationship that the man has with himself. Representations of the Enlightenment culture were based on transcendence and verticality; these give way to representations of romantic thought, built on immanence and horizontality.Thus elevated to the status of concept, the landscape gives rise to a new relationship with time and space, redefines the view point and the horizon and prioritises the relationship on the essence. We believe that this transformation of representations, which heralds the entry into the modern era, is the most profound effect of the upheaval caused by the Revolution. Our thesis claims that it is important to talk about the emergence of a landscape ideology for these 1800s if we are to understand what leads not only to the literature of Senancour, Germaine de Staël and Chateaubriand, but also the philosophy of Destutt de Tracy and Maine de Biran as well as the growth in the physical sciences, with Georges Cuvier, and the human sciences, with Jean-Baptiste Say, to quote our principal authors
Minguez-Cunningham, Caroline. "Évolution des droits de l'homme aux États-Unis : étude des notions d'esclavagisme et de traumatisme culturel et du mouvement abolitionniste à travers trois représentations cinématographiques : the Birth of a Nation, de D. W. Griffith, (1915), Amistad, de Steven Spielberg, (1997) et The Help de Tate Taylor,(2011)". Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30014/document.
Texto completoSlavery in the USA has always been an interesting thematic to us. We have always wanted to learn more about it thus understanding how such a system could have been implemented for more than 200 years, have caused the division and a fracture in a nation, have led to the Civil War and have left permanent scars ont the United States of America. This particular interest led us to look into the concept of cultural trauma, and into its representation by three American film directors (D. W. Griffith, born in Kentucky in 1915, Steven Spielberg, born in Ohio in 1946 and Tate Taylor born in Mississippi in 1969), who picture at various distinct periods three different historical eras. We have considered the link existing between the physical reality of an event and its cinematographic representation, which is spatially or temporally distanced from the event. How can film directors faithfully represent historical reality ? How do (or don’t) they avoid to insert in their work personal or sociological filters ? How don’t they transform history, or shape it by not mentionning the elements that do not concur to the message one wants to deliver ? What if the director’s views are biased? How can the viewer be conscious of it and keep it in mind as he or she watches the film?Our work initiated from a reflexion upon the cultural and socialogical importance of the notion of cultural trauma in the cinematographic representation of slavery in the United States. The three movies we have chosen to work on are : The Birth of a Nation, (D.W. Griffith, 1915), Amistad (Steven Spielberg, 1997) and The Help (Tate Taylor, 2011). These films represent three distinct periods in the life of the American society since The Birth of a Nation pictures the progress of the American Civil War inside a Confederate family, Amistad is set between the years 1839 and 1841, and The Help takes place in the sixties, in Jackson, Mississippi.In choosing films that represent various historical periods and that have been directed at different periods of time, we wanted to take into account both the notions of re-adapting and re-interpreting the traumatic event. We have wished to demonstrate, through our work, how film directors adapt a real fact or a book by deleting some elements or adding some others, by adapting historical reality to turn it into a fiction showing a representation of reality. We have also tried to show how « cultural trauma » acts upon the audiovisual work of film directors who choose to picture the cultural heritage of slavery. We have analyzed to what extent cultural trauma has an influence on filmic creation and how its characteristics can be applied to our corpus. What aspects of it are most represented ?We have decided to analyze our corpus in a chronological order. We have started with D. W. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation (1915), we have then analyzed S. Spielberg’s Amistad, (1997), and ended with T. Taylor’s (2011). For each of these films, we have first studied the historic and geopolitic contexts of the historical periods represented, we’ve then dealt with the transition from historical reality to fiction and we’ve analyzed the entirety of each movie compared to to the notion of cultural trauma. How and to what extent can it be found into these artitic works ? As a mass media, cinema has an educational role and we have demonstrated its link with cultural trauma
Magnant, Clément. "Approches bayésiennes pour le pistage radar de cibles de surface potentiellement manoeuvrantes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0136/document.
Texto completoAs part of the ground or maritime surveillance by using airborne radars, one of the mainobjectives is to detect and track a wide variety of targets over time. These treatments are generallybased on Bayesian filtering to estimate recursively the kinematic parameters (position,velocity and acceleration) of the targets. It is based on the state-space representation and moreparticularly on the prior modeling of the target evolutions (uniform motion, uniformly acceleratedmotion, movement rotational, etc.). If maneuvering targets are tracked, several motionmodels, each with a predefined dynamic, are typically combined in a multiple-model structure.Although these approaches are relevant, improvements can be made at several levels, includinghow to select and define a priori the models to be used.In this framework, several issues must be addressed.1 / When using a multiple-model structure, it is generally considered two to three models. Thischoice is made in the algorithm design stage according to the system knowledge and the userexpertise. However, it does not exist in our knowledge tools or/and rules to define the types ofmotions and their associated parameters.2 / It is preferable that the choice of the motion model(s) is consistent with the type of targetto be tracked.3 / When a type of motion model is used, its parameters are fixed a priori but these values ??arenot necessarily appropriate in all phases of the movement. One of the major challenges is theway to define the covariance matrix of the model noise and to model its evolution.The work presented in this thesis consists of algorithmic solutions to the previous problemsin order to improve the estimation of target trajectories.First, we establish a dissimilarity measure based on Jeffrey divergence between probability densitiesassociated with two different state models. It is applied to the comparison of motion models.It is then used to compare a set of several state models. This study is then harnessed to providea method for selecting a priori models constituting multiple-model algorithms.Then we present non-parametric Bayesian models (BNP) using the Dirichlet process to estimatemodel noise statistics. This model has the advantage of representing multimodal noises withoutspecifying a priori the number of modes and their features. Two cases are treated. In the firstone, the model noise precision matrix is estimated for a single motion model without issue ofany a priori on its structure. In the second one, we take advantage of the structural forms ofprecision matrices associated to motion models to estimate only a small number of hyperparameters.For both approaches, the joint estimation of the kinematic parameters of the target andthe precision matrix of the model noise is led by particle filtering. The contributions includecalculating the distribution optimal importance in each case.Finally, we take advantage of methods known as joint tracking and classification (JTC) forsimultaneously leading the classification of the target and the inference of its parameters. Inthis case, each target class is associated with a set of evolution models. In order to achievethe classification, we use the target position measurements and the target extent measurementscorresponding to the projection of the target length on the line of sight radar-target. Note that this approach is applied in a single target tracking context and a multiple-target environment
Mazzonetto, Sara. "On the exact simulation of (skew) Brownian diffusions with discontinuous drift". Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10112/document.
Texto completoThis thesis is focused on the study and the exact simulation of two classes of real-valued Brownian diffusions: multi-skew Brownian motions with constant drift and Brownian diffusions whose drift admits a finite number of jumps. A skew diffusion with several semipermeable barriers, called multi-skew diffusion, is a (Markovian) diffusion partially reflected at some barriers with a probability depending on that particular barrier. In this thesis we first obtain a contour integral representation for the transition semigroup of the multiskew Brownian motion with constant drift, based on a fine analysis of its complex properties. Thanks to this representation we write explicitly the transition densities of the two-skew Brownian motion with constant drift as an infinite series involving Gaussian functions and their tails. Then we propose a new useful generalization of the known rejection sampling method which allows to sample exactly from densities for which only an approximation is known. The originality of our algorithm lies in the fact that we finally sample directly from the law without any approximation, except the machine’s. As an application, we sample from the transition density of the two-skew Brownian motion with or without constant drift and provide also a uniform bound for the ratio between the latter and the transition density of the Brownian motion with constant drift. The second aim of this thesis is to develop an exact simulation algorithm for a Brownian diffusion whose drift admits several jumps. The theoretical method we give allows to deal with any finite number of discontinuities. Then we focus on the case of two jumps, using the transition densities obtained before
Cao, Chao. "Compression d'objets 3D représentés par nuages de points". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAS015.
Texto completoWith the rapid growth of multimedia content, 3D objects are becoming more and more popular. Most of the time, they are modeled as complex polygonal meshes or dense point clouds, providing immersive experiences in different industrial and consumer multimedia applications. The point cloud, which is easier to acquire than mesh and is widely applicable, has raised many interests in both the academic and commercial worlds.A point cloud is a set of points with different properties such as their geometrical locations and the associated attributes (e.g., color, material properties, etc.). The number of the points within a point cloud can range from a thousand, to constitute simple 3D objects, up to billions, to realistically represent complex 3D scenes. Such huge amounts of data bring great technological challenges in terms of transmission, processing, and storage of point clouds.In recent years, numerous research works focused their efforts on the compression of meshes, while less was addressed for point clouds. We have identified two main approaches in the literature: a purely geometric one based on octree decomposition, and a hybrid one based on both geometry and video coding. The first approach can provide accurate 3D geometry information but contains weak temporal consistency. The second one can efficiently remove the temporal redundancy yet a decrease of geometrical precision can be observed after the projection. Thus, the tradeoff between compression efficiency and accurate prediction needs to be optimized.We focused on exploring the temporal correlations between dynamic dense point clouds. We proposed different approaches to improve the compression performance of the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) V-PCC (Video-based Point Cloud Compression) test model, which provides state-of-the-art compression on dynamic dense point clouds.First, an octree-based adaptive segmentation is proposed to cluster the points with different motion amplitudes into 3D cubes. Then, motion estimation is applied to these cubes using affine transformation. Gains in terms of rate-distortion (RD) performance have been observed in sequences with relatively low motion amplitudes. However, the cost of building an octree for the dense point cloud remains expensive while the resulting octree structures contain poor temporal consistency for the sequences with higher motion amplitudes.An anatomical structure is then proposed to model the motion of the point clouds representing humanoids more inherently. With the help of 2D pose estimation tools, the motion is estimated from 14 anatomical segments using affine transformation.Moreover, we propose a novel solution for color prediction and discuss the residual coding from prediction. It is shown that instead of encoding redundant texture information, it is more valuable to code the residuals, which leads to a better RD performance.Although our contributions have improved the performances of the V-PCC test models, the temporal compression of dynamic point clouds remains a highly challenging task. Due to the limitations of the current acquisition technology, the acquired point clouds can be noisy in both geometry and attribute domains, which makes it challenging to achieve accurate motion estimation. In future studies, the technologies used for 3D meshes may be exploited and adapted to provide temporal-consistent connectivity information between dynamic 3D point clouds
Bourlé, Carole. "La représentation du plaisir féminin à l'époque romantique". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR152.
Texto completoMore than their classical and neo-classical predecessors, Romantic authors are obsessed with the question of the body which implicitly matches the subject of women’s sexual pleasure. Far from being an angelic and disembodied movement, Romanticism is indeed torn between the materiality of the senses and the question of ideality, arising from Sade’s as well as also Rousseau’s works. Besides, Romantic writers are not the only ones to show a growing interest in female enjoyment: between the end of the Bourbon Restoration and the 1848 Revolution, doctors tried to solve that mystery and regulate it. But, to do so, they endorsed misogynistic theories of the most extreme exegetes from the Bible and justified at the same time, from a so-called scientific point of view, the unequal laws of the French Civil Code which legally kept women in the position of subordinate sexual slaves. Were Romantic authors influenced by this anti-feminist background or did they manage to offer other ways of thinking? This dissertation explores the ambivalence of a movement which redeems the flesh in the name of a pleasure superior to duty but also conveys a chauvinistic set of representation condoning the violated female’s body. At that time, the echo of marginal voices arose, in particular among some Saint-Simonian women who did not hesitate to praise “free love”, way before the sexual revolution. The topic, a socially inappropriate one, aroused fierce passions among activists and even within the Romantic Movement
Landais, Benjamin. "Nations, privilèges et ethnicité à l'époque des Lumières : l'intégration de la société banataise dans la monarchie habsbourgeoise au XVIIIe siècle". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG025.
Texto completoThe Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s
Kern, Matthias. ""L'amour du peuple" : esthétique populiste et imaginaire du populaire dans la culture française de l'entre-deux-guerres". Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0152.
Texto completoThe cultural production of the interwar period in France is noted for its renewed interest in the representation of social issues which shake the everyday life of the French population : work and urban misery become the main subjects in literature, photography and cinema, especially in the period between 1928 and 1939. In view of the financial crisis, labour strikes and the rise of the Front Populaire, the artistic field reacts with a renovation of realist representation styles, which should lead to a questioning of the nature of ‘people’, of the underlying social connections in the masses and of the place of popular traditions in a modernized way of life. In the ambit of literature, a short-lived movement of novel writers dominates the discussions from 1929 onwards: the populist novel, a movement founded in a manifesto written by Léon Lemonnier. This movement becomes quickly the backround for a further discussion about the needs for a renewed literary realism or naturalism. Simultaneously, the group for proletarian literature, founded by Henry Poulaille, follows the same aesthetics and claims to be the real representants of the working people by giving workers the occasion to publish. Both groups, as well as many other authors close to the literary populism, try to renew the novel by describing the ‘people’ and their living conditions. In this context, the notion ‘people’ is opposed to the bourgeoisie and its ‘psychologic’ or ‘snobby’ writing style. Thus, resorting to the term ‘people’ means first and foremost that the creator subscribes to an anti-bourgeois aesthetics, but also to an anti-modernist mindset – which distinguishes populism from the French avantgardes. It means furthermore that the creator strengthens a conception of everyday life marked by poverty which should correspond to the experiences of a majority of the French population. This thesis tries to bring out the elements of such an imagination of the ‘people’ on the basis of the artistic criticism and of the analysis of several novels written by authors who are more or less associated to the populist novel movement: Pierre Mac Orlan, Eugène Dabit, André Thérive, Marcel Aymé and Henry Poulaille. The thesis goes then on to highlight the survival of aesthetic elements of populism in the cinema of poetic realism and in French documentary photography which marks the beginning of humanist photography. By doing so, the thesis represents a sociocritical contribution to the history of ideas of the French interwar period and indicates the ideological traps of aesteticization of terms like ‘little people’ or ‘people’ in general
Landais, Benjamin. "Nations, privilèges et ethnicité à l'époque des Lumières : l'intégration de la société banataise dans la monarchie habsbourgeoise au XVIIIe siècle". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAG025.
Texto completoThe Banat is a large region of the Balkans. It was conquered in 1716 by the Habsburg power over the Ottoman Empire and then governed directly from Vienna. In this context, the Habsburg civil servants made a pragmatic use of national categories. They were a means to determine an acceptable political behaviour towards groups defined by vague social boundaries, while respecting traditional middlemen and using the vernacular for political communication. However, the action of this strictly fiscal and military State was called into question by the widening of its prerogatives and the arrival of a new generation of civil servants in 1769. The influence of Kameralismus and the administrative statistic led the latter to consider the nations from a cultural point of view. But this imposed identity did not seem to be taken up by the population. On the contrary, people began to use the old sense of the privileged “nations” in their political claims directed to the emperor in the 1780s
Marissal, Claudine. "La protection sanitaire du jeune enfant en Belgique, 1890-1940: question sociale, enjeux politiques et dimension sexuée". Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210609.
Texto completoCette thèse étudie le mouvement de protection sanitaire du jeune enfant et la médicalisation de la maternité dans une perspective de genre. À travers une analyse des discours de ses promoteurs et des principes d'organisation des oeuvres, elle montre combien les enjeux politiques, sociaux, démographiques et sexués ont durablement influencé l'organisation de la protection infantile et maternelle. Elle apporte de nouvelles réflexions sur la dimension sociale de l'éducation maternelle. Elle met par ailleurs en exergue le rôle essentiel joué par les femmes, aux côtés des médecins, dans la gestion des oeuvres de l'enfance et analyse le statut et les relations de pouvoir qui se sont tissées entre les médecins, les dames patronnesses, les travailleuses sociales et les représentants de l'État. Les investissements sociaux féminins sont analysés sous l'angle de leur autonomie, de leur visibilité et de leur portée émancipatrice. Ce faisant, cette thèse montre de quelle manière les œuvres de l'enfance ont favorisé, de manière assez paradoxale, une transgression des modèles sexués en favorisant un questionnement sur la condition maternelle et l'intervention des femmes dans la sphère publique et politique.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Tremblay, François. "Le rôle stratégique des représentations sociales à caractère paysager dans le mouvement de récupération des rivières à des fins récréatives". Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14439.
Texto completoMassé, Bruno. "L'écologie radicale au Québec : pratiques et représentations sociospatiales des groupes écologistes radicaux, de 2001 à 2007". Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1001/1/M10323.pdf.
Texto completoLéveillé, Frédéric. "Les représentations de la pluriethnicité québécoise dans le Mouvement Desjardins: analyse du contenu de la Revue Desjardins de 1998 à 2005". Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/1954.
Texto completoThe Desjardins Group is an influential institution in modern Québec characterized by civic nationalism and sustained integration of immigrants into the French-speaking majority. Even today, Desjardins continues to identify strongly with this French-speaking majority. The purpose of this thesis is to explore the social precepts of multi-ethnicity in Québec at Desjardins. An analysis of the contents of the “Revue Desjardins” magazine from 1998 to 2005 allowed the author to understand the Desjardins position and determine a spatiotemporal rupture point in 2003, the year in which Desjardins’ position expanded to include the mostly English-speaking population of western Montreal Island. At the outset, Desjardins focused on integration into the Group and Quebec society, with an underling concern for greater institutional representation among the population. Thereafter, Desjardins adopted a more all-inclusive approach favouring adaptation to potentially lucrative markets. The linguistic categories of “Anglophone” and “allophone” were first used to tone down the specificity of ethnic groups involved. While the initial period was characterized primarily by perceptions and general policy, the inauguration in 2003 of a service centre for the allophone and Anglophone clientele of western Montreal Island was the culmination of a process of social sensitivity to establish policy guidelines. The entire approach was nuanced with obstacles to adaptation to multi-ethnicity, as well as internal institutional shortcomings. The concept of ethnicity was used sparingly, often blanketed by the term “cultural community.” This term embraces communities other than ethnic groups and reduces ethnicity to the simple expression of cultural dimension. The term also avoids pinpointing members of an ethnic group who do not identify with the community. In conclusion, the study confirmed the existence of a position on multi-ethnicity in Québec now solidly anchored within Desjardins and more clearly directed at the institution’s adjustment to offering services in English and other languages.
Robitaille, Michèle. "Culture du corps et technosciences : vers une « mise à niveau » technique de l’humain? Analyse des représentations du corps soutenues par le mouvement transhumaniste". Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/2824.
Texto completoThe current interest in NBIC research (nano-bio-info-cognitivo technologies), which are intended to optimize human capacities, points to deep-seated change in both our representation of the human body and the human-machine relationship. Again and again, the work coming out of genetic engineering, pharmacology, the biotechnologies and the nanotechnologies promises a human body that is less subject to illness, better “adapted” and, especially, more malleable. This in-laboratory construction of an improved body echoes contemporary concern about perfect health, the ageing process, inaptitude, appearance, performance, etc. To analyze the transformations this research causes in the representation of the body, we built a theoretical framework supported by studies both in the sociology of the body and in the epistemology of the sciences. Then, examining different popularized scientific documents written by transhumanist researchers—who openly advocate a radical optimization of human capacities via the technosciences—we observed that representations of the body pivot around three main axes. The human body is presented in this discourse as being informational, technologically perfectible and obsolete. This threefold representation of the body suggests that transhumanists’ plan of action (i.e. improving humans’ physical, intellectual, sensorial, emotional, etc., capacities) is an anthropological necessity. In their view, the improvement of human conditions means a controlled biological mutation (i.e., hybridization with the machine) because the body is “unadapted” to the contemporary reality. Thus, once adopted by transhumanist researchers, the possibilities of NBIC are taken to their extreme and given a peremptory tone. This actively contributes to promoting the posthuman, also called the cyborg—an individual transformed to be more robust and intelligent, to modulate its sensitivity and emotional states, and live longer, even indefinitely. Situated half-way between science and science fiction, this project is said to be “techno-prophesy” as it generates countless previsions based on current and potential technoscientific advances. To make their action plan more socially acceptable, transhumanists not only rely on its (potential) technical feasibility, but on socially shared values, such as self-determination, human perfectibility, equality, liberty and dignity. Nevertheless, their interpretation is sometimes surprising and very frequently breaks with notions that have grown out of modernity. In their opinion, human perfection must occur through the technosciences (and not via social institutions) directly on individuals’ bodies (and not on their surroundings) and according to their “right” to self-determination, which is seen as an individual’s right to optimize his or her capacities. Similarly, they maintain that the technosciences must be made democratic to guarantee accessibility, reduce biological inequalities and allow all humans to reinforce their identity and sense of accomplishment. This analysis of transhumanists’ discourse has thus allowed us to observe their representation of the body as well as the cultural resonance of the project they put forth.
Pinsard, Basile. "Acquisition et consolidation de représentations distribuées de séquences motrices, mesurées par IRMf". Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21848.
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