Tesis sobre el tema "Représentation utilisateur"
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Carlier, David. "Représentation permanente, coordonnée par une carte à microprocesseur, d'un utilisateur mobile". Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-27.pdf.
Texto completoRazmerita, Liana. "Modèle utilisateur et modélisation utilisateur dans les systèmes de gestion des connaissances : une approche fondée sur les ontologies". Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30179.
Texto completoAbrilian, Sarkis. "Représentation de comportements emotionnels multimodaux spontanés : perception, annotation et synthèse". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00620827.
Texto completoSerrano, Laurie. "Vers une capitalisation des connaissances orientée utilisateur : extraction et structuration automatiques de l'information issue de sources ouvertes". Caen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CAEN2011.
Texto completoDue to the considerable increase of freely available data (especially on the Web), the discovery of relevant information from textual content is a critical challenge. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) specialists are particularly concerned by this phenomenon as they try to mine large amounts of heterogeneous information to acquire actionable intelligence. This collection process is still largely done by hand in order to build knowledge sheets summarizing all the knowledge acquired about a specific entity. Given this context, the main goal of this thesis work is to reduce and facilitate the daily work of intelligence analysts. For this sake, our researches revolve around three main axis: knowledge modeling, text mining and knowledge gathering. We explored the literature related to these different domains to develop a global knowledge gathering system. Our first contribution is the building of a domain ontology dedicated to knowledge representation for OSINT purposes and that comprises a specific definition and modeling of the event concept for this domain. Secondly, we have developed and evaluated an event recognition system which is based on two different extraction approaches: the first one is based on hand-crafted rules and the second one on a frequent pattern learning technique. As our third contribution, we proposed a semantic aggregation process as a necessary post-processing step to enhance the quality of the events extracted and to convert extraction results into actionable knowledge. This is achieved by means of multiple similarity measures between events, expressed according a qualitative scale which has been designed following our final users' needs
Deuff, Dominique. "Structuration et représentation de contenus multimédias pour une applications dans le domaine de l'éducation". Rennes 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000208.
Texto completoDeuff, Dominique. "Structuration et représentation de contenus multimédias pour une application dans le domaine de l'éducation". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000208.
Texto completoAmmi, Mehdi. "Interface Homme-Machine Multimodale pour la Télé-Micromanipulation". Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012163.
Texto completoNos travaux de recherche se sont orientés vers l'amélioration du triptyque " Perception -Communication - Interaction " entre l'opérateur et le micromonde en incluant de nouveaux moyens d'interaction. Ces nouvelles interfaces homme- machine (IHM) ont pour rôle d'assister l'opérateur dans ses tâches de manipulation en lui fournissant une aide contextuelle et parfaitement bien adaptée aux contraintes du micromonde (effets d'échelle, environnement, tâches, etc.). Dans ce contexte, nous
avons développé une interface homme-machine intuitive et multimodale, dédiée à la télémicromanipulation d'objets de taille micrométrique et travaillant sous le champ de vue de plusieurs microscopes optiques.
Gentner, Alexandre. "Définition et représentation d'intentions liées à l'expérience d'utilisation en phase amont du processus de conception de produit". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENAM0011/document.
Texto completoIn the industrial context, users' experience with products recently became a major differentiation factor between competitors and can greatly influence the success of a product. In parallel, the interest from the design research community about this topic is also growing. This research intends to contribute to both contexts by investigating the definition and representation of user experience intentions. When defining the theoretical background of this research a link will be created between the complementary notions of user experience and kansei process. Based on this original field of study, this dissertation will discuss design activities undertaken by design teams in order to nourish the much wider industrial design process.With the five experiments that will be presented in this dissertation, I will explore the creation of tools and methodologies centred on potential users' kansei process and supporting the creation of intentions related to the user experience of products to be designed. I will also investigate how the nature of the resulting early representations can impact reciprocal understanding within multi-cultural design teams, and finally how the developed approach (Kansei Design approach) can impact different typologies of new concept development projects.In terms of academic contributions, this research enabled to model the exchange of kansei-related design information among design-teams and highlighted the added value of multi-sensory early representations resulting from experience-centred design activities. Regarding industrial contributions, the different experiments made it possible to characterise the Kansei Design approach in terms of tools, methodologies, and early representations. Moreover a link was established between the different characteristics of this approach and three typologies of new experience-centred concept development projects leading to different products development projects
Herradi, Noura. "Représentation sémantique multilingue, multiculturelle et temporelle des relations interpersonnelles, appliquée à une prothèse de mémoire". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1205.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we propose a knowledge base for a "smart" memory prosthesis, called CaptainMemo, which aims to help Alzheimer's patients to overcome their memory impairments. This knowledge base is built over the temporal, multicultural and multilingual PersonLink ontology. This ontology gives the memory prosthesis a rigorous, multilingual and temporal semantic representation of interpersonal relationships. The PersonLink ontology is dereferenceable and available in the Linked Data. Multilingualism and temporal representation are two major research topics in computer science and in the Semantic Web in particular.Multilingualism applied to the representation of interpersonal relationships requires specific treatment because it is linked to multiculturalism. In addition, the transition from one culture / language to another is a major research problem. Indeed, literal translation is not always allowed, especially when it comes to interpersonal relationships, because they are culturally dependent. In this context, we propose an approach allowing the representation of ontologies in several cultures / languages. This approach, based on a translation algorithm, allows the transition from one culture / language to another by making a cultural translation rather than a literal one. Thus, by adopting this approach, our PersonLink ontology allows an exact representation of interpersonal relationships, because it takes into consideration the cultural aspect for the definition of each relationship, and assigns the appropriate term according to the language related to this culture. Interpersonal relationships are governed by rules and constraints that define them according to each culture, these constraints are represented semantically in the PersonLink ontology using OWL2. However, it is difficult to consider these constraints when introducing the temporal dimension to represent the time intervals of these interpersonal relationships, especially when these are diachronic and their time intervals are qualitative. Indeed, the legacy models and solutions make it possible to make a temporal representation of the time intervals (e.g. 4D-Fluents), and to link between these time intervals (e.g. Allen Relations), but do not take into account the semantics constraints of interpersonal relationships. In this context, we propose an approach that allows a semantic representation, based on OWL2 constraints, for the representation of qualitative time intervals. Finally, to deal with the intelligence of the CaptainMemo memory prosthesis, we propose an approach for reasoning over time intervals. In this approach we introduce a set of SWRL rules to assert inferred temporal Allen relationships, allowing reasoners, such as Pellet that supports DL-Safe rules, to be used for the inference and the verification of consistency over the temporal relationships between different time intervals. Thus, the table of compositions of the relations between time intervals has been considerably reduced, since it is based on a tractable set of these relations, and, consequently, the processing time of the reasoning becomes shorter
Grzesiak, Frédéric. "Représentation des connaissances et techniques d'inférence pour le maniement d'objets graphiques : application au Système-Expert SYNOP". Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/fd5e5639-ec92-4d3d-96e8-98f6c14c5743.
Texto completoBrun, Laurie. "Spécification d'Interfaces Homme Machine et de stratégies d’assistance à la conduite dans une démarche de conception centrée sur l'utilisateur : application à l’anti-renversement des poids-lourds". Caen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CAEN1003.
Texto completoThis thesis work deals with the user-centered design of Human Machine Interfaces (HMI). Its aim is to investigate the relationship between the HMI of a driver support system, in particular the display formats used to represent the situation, and the user linked mental representations. An HMI designed in an iterative confrontation with the user should allow updating the mental representation of the situation in a relevant way, in order to support him with his activity management. Applied to the driving of specific industrial vehicles, concrete mixers, the experimental part focuses on the design and assessment of a Human Machine Interface of a truck anti-rollover system on the road. Based on anticipation, this system supports drivers in curves approach and crossing. Three sequential studies were conducted. The first study was to collect mental representations of on road rollover situations from professional concrete mixer drivers. An HMI integrating salient elements of the representation was specified on this basis. The ergonomics of a system prototype was assessed using a dynamic driving simulator in the second study, and on the field in the third study. The overall ergonomics of the system was validated, in terms of usability, mental workload and acceptation. The anticipation characteristic of the COROLA system widens its potential applications, in particular for the risk perception and the Eco driving. This work improves the understanding of the relationship between the situation representation used by a system (through its HMI) and the users’ mental representation of this situation. Data suggest that the display format to prefer should be imaged
Herradi, Noura. "Représentation sémantique multilingue, multiculturelle et temporelle des relations interpersonnelles, appliquée à une prothèse de mémoire". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CNAM1205/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we propose a knowledge base for a "smart" memory prosthesis, called CaptainMemo, which aims to help Alzheimer's patients to overcome their memory impairments. This knowledge base is built over the temporal, multicultural and multilingual PersonLink ontology. This ontology gives the memory prosthesis a rigorous, multilingual and temporal semantic representation of interpersonal relationships. The PersonLink ontology is dereferenceable and available in the Linked Data. Multilingualism and temporal representation are two major research topics in computer science and in the Semantic Web in particular.Multilingualism applied to the representation of interpersonal relationships requires specific treatment because it is linked to multiculturalism. In addition, the transition from one culture / language to another is a major research problem. Indeed, literal translation is not always allowed, especially when it comes to interpersonal relationships, because they are culturally dependent. In this context, we propose an approach allowing the representation of ontologies in several cultures / languages. This approach, based on a translation algorithm, allows the transition from one culture / language to another by making a cultural translation rather than a literal one. Thus, by adopting this approach, our PersonLink ontology allows an exact representation of interpersonal relationships, because it takes into consideration the cultural aspect for the definition of each relationship, and assigns the appropriate term according to the language related to this culture. Interpersonal relationships are governed by rules and constraints that define them according to each culture, these constraints are represented semantically in the PersonLink ontology using OWL2. However, it is difficult to consider these constraints when introducing the temporal dimension to represent the time intervals of these interpersonal relationships, especially when these are diachronic and their time intervals are qualitative. Indeed, the legacy models and solutions make it possible to make a temporal representation of the time intervals (e.g. 4D-Fluents), and to link between these time intervals (e.g. Allen Relations), but do not take into account the semantics constraints of interpersonal relationships. In this context, we propose an approach that allows a semantic representation, based on OWL2 constraints, for the representation of qualitative time intervals. Finally, to deal with the intelligence of the CaptainMemo memory prosthesis, we propose an approach for reasoning over time intervals. In this approach we introduce a set of SWRL rules to assert inferred temporal Allen relationships, allowing reasoners, such as Pellet that supports DL-Safe rules, to be used for the inference and the verification of consistency over the temporal relationships between different time intervals. Thus, the table of compositions of the relations between time intervals has been considerably reduced, since it is based on a tractable set of these relations, and, consequently, the processing time of the reasoning becomes shorter
Barhoumi, Zaara. "Etude de l'usage du stylo numérique en recherche en sciences de l'éducation : traitement et représentation des données temps issues de la trace d'écriture avec un stylo numérique". Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00845673.
Texto completoSilue, Siaka. "Une contribution pour l'aide à la gestion d'un système à base de connaissance". Compiègne, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998COMP1099.
Texto completoBarhoumi, Zaara. "Etude de l’usage du stylo numérique en recherche en sciences de l’éducation : traitement et représentation des données temps issues de la trace d’écriture avec un stylo numérique". Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DENS0015/document.
Texto completoScanning technology for handwritten data has reached its momentum after the invention of the digital pen. Research work focused on the development of HMI applications that facilitate digital ink data manipulation. In a research context, digital pen and paper technology is useful for collecting experimental data in various fields. Our goal is to provide support for the processing and the visualization of time stamped data collected by a digital pen in two cases of use : on one hand, in the educational science field, and especially for assessment tests and, on another hand, for taking observation notes. Our approach is to study these cases of use through four concrete experiences and to develop, with the participation of the user, prototypes for a system that aid to process and to visualize collected data. In order to abstract a general model of such a system, we analyzed prototypes user interfaces in terms of functionality, visualization and interaction. Our model describes the visualization process by implementing three types of user tasks namely analytic tasks, handling tasks and interaction tasks
Poussevin, Mickael. "Apprentissage de représentation pour des données générées par des utilisateurs". Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066040/document.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study how representation learning methods can be applied to user-generated data. Our contributions cover three different applications but share a common denominator: the extraction of relevant user representations. Our first application is the item recommendation task, where recommender systems build user and item profiles out of past ratings reflecting user preferences and item characteristics. Nowadays, textual information is often together with ratings available and we propose to use it to enrich the profiles extracted from the ratings. Our hope is to extract from the textual content shared opinions and preferences. The models we propose provide another opportunity: predicting the text a user would write on an item. Our second application is sentiment analysis and, in particular, polarity classification. Our idea is that recommender systems can be used for such a task. Recommender systems and traditional polarity classifiers operate on different time scales. We propose two hybridizations of these models: the former has better classification performance, the latter highlights a vocabulary of surprise in the texts of the reviews. The third and final application we consider is urban mobility. It takes place beyond the frontiers of the Internet, in the physical world. Using authentication logs of the subway users, logging the time and station at which users take the subway, we show that it is possible to extract robust temporal profiles
Poussevin, Mickael. "Apprentissage de représentation pour des données générées par des utilisateurs". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066040.pdf.
Texto completoIn this thesis, we study how representation learning methods can be applied to user-generated data. Our contributions cover three different applications but share a common denominator: the extraction of relevant user representations. Our first application is the item recommendation task, where recommender systems build user and item profiles out of past ratings reflecting user preferences and item characteristics. Nowadays, textual information is often together with ratings available and we propose to use it to enrich the profiles extracted from the ratings. Our hope is to extract from the textual content shared opinions and preferences. The models we propose provide another opportunity: predicting the text a user would write on an item. Our second application is sentiment analysis and, in particular, polarity classification. Our idea is that recommender systems can be used for such a task. Recommender systems and traditional polarity classifiers operate on different time scales. We propose two hybridizations of these models: the former has better classification performance, the latter highlights a vocabulary of surprise in the texts of the reviews. The third and final application we consider is urban mobility. It takes place beyond the frontiers of the Internet, in the physical world. Using authentication logs of the subway users, logging the time and station at which users take the subway, we show that it is possible to extract robust temporal profiles
Gainon, de Forsan de Gabriac Clara. "Deep Natural Language Processing for User Representation". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUS274.
Texto completoThe last decade has witnessed the impressive expansion of Deep Learning (DL) methods, both in academic research and the private sector. This success can be explained by the ability DL to model ever more complex entities. In particular, Representation Learning methods focus on building latent representations from heterogeneous data that are versatile and re-usable, namely in Natural Language Processing (NLP). In parallel, the ever-growing number of systems relying on user data brings its own lot of challenges. This work proposes methods to leverage the representation power of NLP in order to learn rich and versatile user representations.Firstly, we detail the works and domains associated with this thesis. We study Recommendation. We then go over recent NLP advances and how they can be applied to leverage user-generated texts, before detailing Generative models.Secondly, we present a Recommender System (RS) that is based on the combination of a traditional Matrix Factorization (MF) representation method and a sentiment analysis model. The association of those modules forms a dual model that is trained on user reviews for rating prediction. Experiments show that, on top of improving performances, the model allows us to better understand what the user is really interested in in a given item, as well as to provide explanations to the suggestions made.Finally, we introduce a new task-centered on UR: Professional Profile Learning. We thus propose an NLP-based framework, to learn and evaluate professional profiles on different tasks, including next job generation
Bigot, Damien. "Représentation et apprentissage de préférences". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30031/document.
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Li, Bo. "L'interface multi-utilisateur pour le travail collaboratif avec les multiples représentations de la maquette numérique". Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0065/document.
Texto completoThe current industrial management tools generally rely on Concurrent Engineering, which involves conducting Product Lifecycle Management stages in parallel and integrating technical data for sharing across different experts. Various experts use domain-specific software to produce various data into Digital mock-up. These multidisciplinary experts have trends to work collaboratively during product development. During co-located synchronous collaborative design activities, such as project review and decision-making, experts from different domains must discuss, negotiate, and compromise to solve multidisciplinary differences. Many areas, such as early collaborative design and multi-expert product evaluation, have a great demand for new collaborative support tools. With the development of Human Computer Interaction, it is possible to devise more intuitive tools to enhance co-located collaboration across experts.In this thesis, to enhance the collaboration with experts on different domains to communicate with DMU, a multi-user interface across users with different representations during a collaborative work has been taken into consideration and its influence on co-located multidisciplinary collaboration is investigated. A schema of the methodology for evaluating the contribution to a multi-user system and the multiple users’ experiences is proposed. Results of experiments show the significances of the efficiency of task, the usability of interface, and the performance of collaboration during the use of multi-user CHI in multidisciplinary collaborative scenarios. The contributions of what multi-user interface brings to the design criteria of multi-user interface and multi-user co-located collaboration are discussed
Osta, Iman. "L'ordinateur comme outil d'aide à l'enseignement : une séquence didactique pour l'enseignement du repérage dans l'espace à l'aide de logiciels graphiques". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1988. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00331291.
Texto completoMaghrebi, Hanène. "La représentation des informations multimédias à partir des besoins informationnels des utilisateurs : approche d'intelligence économique". Thesis, Nancy 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN21001.
Texto completoIn order to facilitate user’ access to multimedia information, we think it necessary, in the first place, to study the specificity of multimedia information (as information retrieval object) through the optics of information and communication sciences theories. Secondly, our reflections center on user’ information needs. We were able, through field survey, to determine a topology of users’ multimedia information need. Consequently, we propose a multimedia information representation model tagged CO-MIR (Contextual Multimedia Information Representation Model) based on user’ information need with emphasis on multimedia information use context. Indeed, the present approaches for representing multimedia information are limited to document and its content hence the representation attributes being used concern only these two dimensions. We propose to integrate information need into information representation by using attributes relative to user and context of use of search result. Reflection on decision-making situations made us to propose two categories context of use: (1) those that are identifiable before developing the Information Retrieval System (IRS) and (2) those that are expressed and added by users, in the course of use of the system. The prototype CO-Admire (Contextual Multimedia Information Retrieval Model) instantiating the CO-MIR model is a multimedia information retrieval system that allows annotation and knowledge sharing. This prototype provides the following functionalities: exploration, querying, analysis and annotation of the multimedia information base, annotation base and knowledge base. CO-MIR model and CO-Admire are designed and developed to provide cognitive support for users in the course of resolving decision-making and information problem. These two constitute our major research contributions
Mabillot, Vincent. "Mises en scène de l'interactivité : représentations des utilisateurs dans les dispositifs de médiations interactives". Lyon 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO20001.
Texto completoBruley, Christophe. "Analyse des représentations graphiques de l'information : extensions aux représentations tridimensionnelles". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10083.
Texto completoGuàrdia, Sebaoun Elie. "Accès personnalisé à l'information : prise en compte de la dynamique utilisateur". Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066519/document.
Texto completoThe main goal of this thesis resides in using rich and efficient profiling to improve the adequation between the retrieved information and the user's expectations. We focus on exploiting as much feedback as we can (being clicks, ratings or written reviews) as well as context. In the meantime, the tremendous growth of ubiquitous computing forces us to rethink the role of information access platforms. Therefore, we took interest not solely in performances but also in accompanying users through their access to the information. Through this thesis, we focus on users dynamics modeling. Not only it improves the system performances but it also brings some kind of explicativity to the recommendation. Thus, we propose to accompany the user through his experience accessing information instead of constraining him to a given set of items the systems finds fitting
Couto, Javier. "Une plate-forme informatique de Navigation Textuelle : modélisation, architecture, réalisation et applications de NaviTexte". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087606.
Texto completoLe terme de navigation textuelle reçoit de multiples interprétations, la plus commune ren-voyant inévitablement au processus mis en œuvre par les outils de navigation utilisés pour circuler dans les documents hypertextes. Néanmoins, notre conception de la navigation tex-tuelle se démarque de la navigation hypertextuelle traditionnelle car nous considérons que circuler ou naviguer dans un texte est l'expression d'un processus cognitif qui convoque des connaissances qui sont propres à la finalité de la navigation. Nous formulons l'hypothèse que la démarche du lecteur peut être assistée par l'exploitation de connaissances, présentes dans les textes, qui peuvent être, en partie, modélisées sous une forme déclarative. Autre-ment dit, il ne suffit pas de créer des liens mais il est nécessaire d'expliciter l'opération de navigation. De plus, ce processus de définition d'opérations de navigation doit être mis en œuvre par un « expert » capable d'encoder ces connaissances.
Ce travail de thèse présente quatre contributions principales. En premier lieu, une repré-sentation des textes spécifique à la navigation textuelle est définie. En deuxième lieu, un lan-gage formel de modélisation des connaissances de visualisation et de navigation, nommé Sextant est proposé. Les constructions possibles du langage sont données par une syntaxe. Le sens des constructions syntaxiques du langage Sextant est déterminé par une sémantique opérationnelle. En troisième lieu, une plate-forme logicielle dédiée à la navigation textuelle, nommée NaviTexte, a été implémentée. Dans cette implémentation, trois choses ont été développées : une représen-tation informatique des textes spécifique à la navigation textuelle, fondée sur la proposition d'un encodage XML des textes ; un interpréteur d'une version réduite de Sextant, le langage de modélisation des connaissances, fondé sur la proposition d'un encodage XML de ce lan-gage ; un environnement capable de traiter les textes, d'interpréter le langage Sextant et de gérer l'interaction avec l'utilisateur. En dernier lieu, diverses applications de la plate-forme logicielle NaviTexte à des cas réels d'utilisation ont été mises en œuvre.
Guàrdia, Sebaoun Elie. "Accès personnalisé à l'information : prise en compte de la dynamique utilisateur". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066519.
Texto completoThe main goal of this thesis resides in using rich and efficient profiling to improve the adequation between the retrieved information and the user's expectations. We focus on exploiting as much feedback as we can (being clicks, ratings or written reviews) as well as context. In the meantime, the tremendous growth of ubiquitous computing forces us to rethink the role of information access platforms. Therefore, we took interest not solely in performances but also in accompanying users through their access to the information. Through this thesis, we focus on users dynamics modeling. Not only it improves the system performances but it also brings some kind of explicativity to the recommendation. Thus, we propose to accompany the user through his experience accessing information instead of constraining him to a given set of items the systems finds fitting
Roy, Thibault. "Visualisations interactives pour l'aide personnalisée à l'interprétation d'ensembles documentaires". Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00176825.
Texto completoCette thèse, prenant place en Traitement Automatique des Langues, a pour objectif d'aider les utilisateurs dans de telles situations.
Les systèmes traditionnellement proposés (tels les moteurs de recherche) ne donnent pas toujours satisfaction aux utilisateurs pour des tâches répétées, prenant peu en considération leur point de vue et leurs interactions avec le matériau textuel.
Nous proposons dans cette thèse que la personnalisation et l'interaction soient au centre de nouveaux outils d'aide pour l'accès au contenu d'ensembles de textes.
Ainsi, nous représentons le point de vue de l'utilisateur sur ses domaines d'intérêt par des ensembles de termes décrits et organisés selon un modèle de sémantique lexicale différentielle.
Nous exploitons de telles représentations pour construire des supports cartographiques d'interactions entre l'utilisateur et l'ensemble de textes, supports lui permettant de visualiser des regroupements, des liens et des différences entre textes de l'ensemble, et ainsi d'appréhender son contenu.
Afin d'opérationnaliser de telles propositions, nous avons mis au point la plate-forme ProxiDocs.
Différentes validations de la plate-forme, prenant place dans des contextes pluridisciplinaires variés allant notamment de la recherche d'information sur Internet à l'étude d'expressions métaphoriques, ont ainsi permis de dégager la valeur ajoutée de nos propositions.
Moulin, Christophe. "Modélisation de documents combinant texte et image : application à la catégorisation et à la recherche d'information multimédia". Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00630438.
Texto completoBarthélémy, Fabrice. "Les représentations mutuelles journalistes-enseignants contribuent-elles à une concurrence ou une interaction entre l'école et les médias". Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030180.
Texto completoInformation and communication technologies deeply modify the traditional values, perceptions and behaviors. Their omnipotence in social and cultural lives, indeed, created a + parallel school ; as described by geoges friedmann or analysed by louis porcher. As such, its relations with the educational system is apprehended by teachers on the mode of hostility, competition, even logical disinterest. Those technologies create a new environment, such as described by marshall mcluhan, different from the printed material, in which children seem to find difficulties to adapt. Many analyses starting in the sixties are still relevant today, thus proving the relative intrusion of media into the educative + fortress ;, along with the difficulty in changing teachers' representations which generate their attitudes towards these + new ; tools. However, a part of the media's audience is made up of the school's one. In a symmetrical way, outside school, pupils acquiere a mediatic culture which, even if it does not correspond to their teachers', is an essential part of their cultural + capital ;. School cannot go on ignoring it : its relationships with media become a major aim for the years to come. Some spaces of disponibility appear in the representations of a collaboration between teachers and journalits. A study of mutual representations stresses some dissent areas as well, and above all, consent ones, such as the opportunity to act in a complementary dynamic in order to teach children to become critical citizens. A genuine media education, institutionalized and gegeralized by the creation of a scholl subject in itself, turns out to be a need to ensure equality
Aguerreche, Laurent. "Partage d'intéractions en environnements virtuels : de nouvelles techniques collaboratives basées sur un protocole de dialogue générique". Rennes, INSA, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ISAR0007.
Texto completoVirtual reality enables users to manipulate virtual objects from local or distant sites. Nevertheless, virtual objects are usually manipulated by only one user at a time. In this thesis, we define an interaction protocol describing how interaction tools and interactive objects communicate to enable local and distant interactions for single or multi-users situations. The implementation is explained through the description of a set of reusable software components. A new technique for multi-user interaction is proposed. Movements in 6 DoF are deduced from the positions (not orientations) provided by 3 virtual hands. This technique thus enables two or three users to manipulate together virtual objects. The implementation is built upon the interaction protocol. A reconfigurable tangible device (RTD) for single or multi-user interaction is also proposed. The shape of this interface can be modified in order to match any shape of virtual objects for manipulation
Lini, Sami. "L'anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique : L'anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique". Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00876071.
Texto completoSawadogo, Michel David Nebnoma. "Diffusion de représentations d'itinéraires adaptées aux personnes à mobilité réduite selon les interfaces multimodales des appareils mobiles". Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27119.
Texto completoLini, Sami. "L’anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique : L’anticipation et sa représentation dans les interfaces homme-système en aéronautique". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14843/document.
Texto completoCivil aviation pursues the objective of moving people or goods through the air with an optimal level of safety. For more than thirty years, despite a stricter and stricter regulatory framework and highly reliable automation, the ratio between performance and acceptable risk is not improving anymore.Human factors are a major action lever to break this glass floor. In the constrained context of aviation, designing tools aiming at assisting pilots’ cognition is thus a promising direction. Anticipation has been identified central in the process of cognitive resources management. In a human factors engineering approach, we undertook the design of an anticipation support tool involving pilots at each step of the development.From an activity analysis performed on the basis of in-cockpit recordings and interviews we constructed a model of the actual pilots’ activity during the descent and approach phases on Rio de Janeiro airport. The state of the art highlighted the key elements related to anticipation which could take benefit of a preliminary experiment. Experimental results brought together with our hypotheses about how anticipation works completed the requirements of the functional core of our anticipation support tool. A dynamic planning algorithm was then designed and implemented within ASAP (Anticipation Support for Aeronautical Planning), Thales Avionics’ proof of concept. 36 commercial pilots took part to its evaluation in a simulated environment
Dumont, Marion. "Généralisation de représentations intermédiaires dans une carte topographique multi-échelle pour faciliter la navigation de l'utilisateur". Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1076/document.
Texto completoA multi-scale map is a set of maps at different scales, displayed on mapping applications, in which users may navigate by zooming in or out. Each of these maps is produced beforehand by cartographic generalization, which aims to adapt the cartographic representation for a target scale. Due to generalization, the representation changes between maps at different scales may disturb the user during its navigation. We assume that adding intermediate representations in an existing multi-scale map may enable a smooth evolution of cartographic content across scales. While theoretical knowledge exists for traditional cartography, we still do not know how to design efficient multi-scale maps. To formalize knowledge on that subject, we studied sixteen existing multi-scale maps. We focused on the used zooming system (zoom levels and display scales) and on the evolution of cartographic representations across scales, in particular for building and road entities. We also analyzed the variation of visual complexity of the map content across scales, using visual clutter measures. We thus identified general trends in terms of multi-scale representation (i.e. use of WMTS standard), some potential disturbing factors (i.e. use of a same map at different scales), but also good practices which may ease the user navigation (i.e. mixed representations). Based on these findings, we made assumptions on the influence of intermediate representations design on user navigation. We built test material from an extract of the Scan Express multi-scale map of the French IGN, between the existing maps at 1:25k and 1:100k scales. We thus produced four different versions of intermediate representations between these two maps, implementing our different hypotheses. This way, we highlighted the technical issues that we faced when producing intermediate representations. Finally, we conducted a controlled user study, asking 15 participants to perform a cartographic task on these different multi-scale maps, to evaluate our hypotheses
Adam, Sébastien. "Interprétation de Documents Techniques : des Outils à leur Intégration dans un Système à Base de Connaissances". Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00671320.
Texto completoPoupon, Lenaïc. "L'acceptation de la voiture électrique : étude d'un processus, de l'acceptabilité à l'acceptation située". Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2002/document.
Texto completoThis thesis aims to study the dimensions that were involved in the acceptance process of the electric car into an household context. This process begins before any use into the social acceptability phase, which happens a priori and may lead or not to the use of the vehicle. This phase is then followed by a practical acceptability that we would study during the first using sessions. This process extends to a long term use with the integration of the electric car into daily practices and socio-domestic activities.To define and to evaluate the implications of the dimensions involved in each phases of the process, we have implemented two operations of data-collection. In the first one, we apprehended the social representation of the electric car and their anchorages, to determine their effects on the intentions of using an electric car. This study was realized by using an associative method, with a sample of novice in therm of electric car driving experiences (N=70). Then we allowed these subjects to experience the driving of an electric car, immediately followed by an individual interview. The second data-collection-operation consist of in-depth interviews by utilizing explicitation technics and critical incidents, realised with owners/drivers of electric cars (N=9).The results show the evolving nature of the relation between drivers and electric car throughout the acceptation process. We observed weak intentions of electric-car-use mainly due to negatives representations of its technical characteristics (autonomy, speed), and to their anchorage on conventional cars (internal combustion engine vehicles). Those negative perceptions changed after an initial test drive of the vehicle, leading to a positive “driver experience”. This trend was confirmed with a long term use of this type of cars, which allows the continuity of socio-domestic practices and activities
Delias, Lucie. "L'âge des usages. Usages sociaux des technologies numériques par les adultes âgés et représentations du "bien-vieillir connecté"". Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030039.
Texto completoGrounded in an approach that combines sociology of internet use and critical gerontology, the goal of this thesis is to demonstrate that the socio-historic context of the last decades, where more positive representations of aging appeared – starting with the emergence of the “Third Age” and resulting in the contemporary figure of the dynamic “senior” – led to the renewal of social norms concerning older adults. Building on the already existing ideal of “successful aging”, the pressure of resisting the “decline” associated with old age continues to grow, mandating the development of both an active and connected lifestyle. This study then analyses how social uses of digital technologies by older adults are influenced by those cultural representations, and vice versa. To this end, a methodology based on the collection of various empirical elements has been built; it includes semi-structured interviews with individuals from 62 to 82 years old; ethnographic observation in computer classes offered by associations for retired people; and the analysis of several websites specialized in the development of “senior” sociability.It appears that digital technologies’ uses and representations help shape the complex construction of the identity of older adults, both as individuals and as a social group. These identities can vary depending on the type of institutions (commercial or non-profit) that promote discourses of “connected successful aging”, and on the profile of the public they target, but may also be affected by an individual’s social trajectory, generation, class and gender. Nevertheless, those social norms are interpreted and adapted in various ways; and through their practices and aspirations, older adults themselves can contribute to reinforcing them. Moreover, although the “connected” and active lifestyle is more likely to be applied by older people coming from the middle and upper class, the data collected revealed some common features in the attitudes and perceptions towards digital media of older adults, explained by their shared experience of being both a retired and aging person in an increasingly digitalized environment
Cordier, Amélie. "Interactive and Opportunistic Knowledge Acquisition in Case-Based Reasoning". Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00364368.
Texto completoLe travail développé ici traite de l'ingénierie des connaissances d'une catégorie de systèmes en particulier : les systèmes de raisonnement à partir de cas (RÀPC). Un système de RÀPC assiste un utilisateur dans sa tâche de résolution de problème en lui proposant une adaptation à la situation courante d'une précédente expérience. C'est en particulier au système en interaction "utilisateur - outil de RÀPC" que nous nous intéressons ici.
La problématique étudiée peut donc être exprimée ainsi : quelles méthodes et outils développer pour instrumenter efficacement le système apprenant "utilisateur - outil de RàPC" ? Cette problématique soulève un questionnement sur les connaissances du raisonnement et conduit à une analyse au niveau connaissance de tels systèmes. Un autre volet d'analyse porte sur les interactions entre l'utilisateur et l'artefact informatique pendant les phases de résolution de problème. Ces aspects sont étudiés à plusieurs niveaux dans les différentes contributions présentées dans cette thèse.
Nos différentes expériences et expérimentations nous ont conduits à proposer, comme première contribution, une formalisation à un niveau général de l'apprentissage interactif de connaissances en RÀPC (FIKA). Cette formalisation repose sur les échecs de raisonnement qui, puisqu'ils permettent de mettre en évidence les lacunes dans les connaissances disponibles, sont utilisés pour guider le processus d'apprentissage. Deux extensions de ce modèle général ont été proposées : IAKA et FRAKAS.
IAKA raffine les principes proposés par FIKA pour permettre leur mise en ?uvre immédiate dans une certaine catégorie de systèmes où les connaissances peuvent être représentées selon un modèle donné (cas et connaissances d'adaptation représentées par des opérateurs d'adaptation). Ces principes ont été implantés et expérimentés dans une application développée à des seules fins expérimentales.
FRAKAS propose des méthodes et outils similaires pour une autre catégorie de systèmes ou les connaissances du domaines sont utilisées pour guider l'adaptation. Ces principes ont, quant à eux, été implantés dans un prototype inspiré d'une application réelle.
IAKA et FRAKAS, les deux extensions de l'approche FIKA, présentent des forces et des limites, une réflexion quant à leur intégration possible à donc été menée. Une première tentative pratique d'intégration a été mise en ?uvre dans une application de RÀPC permettant l'adaptation de recettes de cuisine : le logiciel TAAABLE.
El, Aouad Sara. "Personalized, Aspect-based Summarization of Movie Reviews". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS019.pdf.
Texto completoOnline reviewing websites help users decide what to buy or places to go. These platforms allow users to express their opinions using numerical ratings as well as textual comments. The numerical ratings give a coarse idea of the service. On the other hand, textual comments give full details which is tedious for users to read. In this dissertation, we develop novel methods and algorithms to generate personalized, aspect-based summaries of movie reviews for a given user. The first problem we tackle is extracting a set of related words to an aspect from movie reviews. Our evaluation shows that our method is able to extract even unpopular terms that represent an aspect, such as compound terms or abbreviations, as opposed to the methods from the related work. We then study the problem of annotating sentences with aspects, and propose a new method that annotates sentences based on a similarity between the aspect signature and the terms in the sentence. The third problem we tackle is the generation of personalized, aspect-based summaries. We propose an optimization algorithm to maximize the coverage of the aspects the user is interested in and the representativeness of sentences in the summary subject to a length and similarity constraints. Finally, we perform three user studies that show that the approach we propose outperforms the state of art method for generating summaries
Lemay, Flavie. "Quelles représentations sociales de la délinquance sexuelle chez les utilisateurs de réseaux sociaux numériques? : une étude exploratoire". Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25155.
Texto completoThe phenomenon of sexual offending has generated strong emotions and reactions among the population. Long lasting interest, curiosity, but especially social reactions, keep the subject popular on the social, political and media scenes. The legal and political measures adopted to manage this phenomenon have evolved according to these reactions, or rather, according to the social representations inspiring these reactions. Indeed, it has been shown that the public and activist movements had a great influence in the adoption of these measures. In addition, the rise in popularity of digital social networks (DSN) has offered a new environment in which these groups can exchange, debate, recruit and mobilize. Thereby, given the influence of the discourse of those groups on the adoption of measures to manage the phenomenon and given the growing popularity of DSN as a place of exchange on common interests, we found it relevant to look at the social representations carried by their users. Thus, the main objective of this master’s thesis is to describe the social representations of sexual offending carried by the users of a specific Facebook page. To do this, we performed a thematic content analysis of the comments and interactions between users, according to Moscovici’s social representation theory and its three components : information, representational field and attitudes. Overall, 821 comments, coming from 14 publications, were analyzed. The results show that sexual offending is a phenomenon that generates a lot of reactions and negative attitudes. The representations of the latter would also be organized under three dimensions : its cause and durability factors, its manifestations (acts, perpetrators and victims), as well as the responses to it. The results of this research open the door to new thoughts on the place and influence of attitudes in the social representation theory.